Additional Sites 27

Lancaster District Additional Sites Initial Desktop Archaeological Assessment

12 September 2017

Lancashire Archaeological Advisory Service

1 Carr House Lane, Lancaster LA1 1SW

[email protected] Introduction and Methodology

Lancaster City Council, as part of the evidence base to support the emerging Local Plan, are seeking an archaeological assessment of a number of sites across the Lancaster District, proposed to be allocated for development.

Lancashire Archaeological Advisory Service has been commissioned to extract a relevant data set from the Lancashire Historic Environment Record, held by Lancashire County Council, and to provide an initial archaeological appraisal of each of the proposed development sites in order to identify any nearby archaeological heritage assets and to assess the potential scale of impact. The boundaries of the sites, names, etc. were provided by Lancaster City Council as ArcGIS shapefiles.

For each site the following information has been requested:

• Identification of known heritage assets (designated and non-designated) within the site; • Outline assessment of the site's potential to retain unknown buried deposits; • Identification of designated or non-designated heritage assets nominally within 500m or such other distance as may be appropriate taking into account the significance of the asset and the circumstances of the site; • Overall conclusion to establish whether the site is considered to be of no archaeological significance/ of some archaeological significance/ of high archaeological significance and whether any heritage assets are considered to be of negligible/local/regional/national importance; • Recommendations for future survey, where it is deemed appropriate.

The assessment has been undertaken utilising existing datasets, archaeological reports, publications, etc. held at the Lancashire Historic Environment Record. No further documentary research has been undertaken nor have further sources of information been sought out. Only where specifically stated has a targetted site visit also been conducted.

Limits of this assessment

This assessment work has been undertaken using professional judgement by Peter Iles, BSc MSc MCIfA. No formal system of scoring has been used to assign potential or significance to the proposed development sites, although experience of such procedures and of providing information and advice on archaeological planning matters in Lancashire has contributed to the conclusions drawn. Statements that follow should therefore be taken as an informed professional opinion, rather than fact.

LPSA 3: Land north of Aldcliffe

This is a substantial greenfield site extending from the north side of the present village and east to the Lancaster Canal. It falls completely within the demesne land associated with the demolished Aldcliffe Hall. The estate is said to have been established in the 12 th century. It incorporates the eastern part of the former drive to the 19 th century hall (the western part is now Aldcliffe Hall Drive) but excludes the Listed former gate lodge of 1827 (now a residence) the drive's eastern end by the canal. Trees along the former drive, alongside Aldcliffe Road and an approximately L-shaped woodland west of the gate lodge are surviving landscape features of the park, other tree bands and clumps shown in the park on 19 th century mapping can still be identified but have limited survival. Aerial photography also suggests that survival of pre-park features as standing earthworks is rare. Beyond the former drive, the Historic Environment Record (HER) does not note any known heritage assets within the site, although a medieval scabbard was found only a short distance to its north. Also on the site's northern boundary and flanking a public footpath is an unusual section of early concrete wall, said to have been an experimental construction by E B Dawson at some time in his ownership of the Aldcliffe Estate between 1875 and 1910. Roman, medieval and later finds have been made in the wider area and the site is considered to have some limited potential for buried early remains to exist.

As noted above the Listed Gd II former gate lodge to Aldcliffe Hall stands just outside the eastern edge of the site. Nos 1-5 Aldcliffe Village are Listed Gd II and are (at closest) 165m from the southern tip of the development site, but modern housing to their north will mean that their setting will not be significantly impacted by development on this site. To the northeast Haverbreaks Bridge over the Lancaster Canal is also Listed Gd II, but again impact on its setting from development of this site is likely to be limited. The Aldcliffe Road Conservation Area runs north from the canal bridge and the impact of increased traffic through it resulting from development here will need to be considered. Finally the Lancaster Canal itself, whilst not Listed per se , is a heritage asset of more than local significance and runs very close to the eastern tip of the development site. Impacts on its setting by development and increases in traffic will need to be considered.

The site is considered to be of local archaeological significance.

LPSA 4: Land north of Ashlar Lodge, Aldcliffe Hall Drive, Aldcliffe

This site comprises a small greenfield area north of five 20 th century houses along the former drive to the 19 th century Aldcliffe Hall and east of the estate home farm buildings. It lies inside the former park associated with the hall and aerial photography suggests that it retains some agricultural earthworks associated with the farming of the park. The curving boundary between the site and the garden to Ashlar House appears to represent the former edge of an embanked pond noted on OS 1:2,500 mapping of the late 19 th and early 20 th century. This pond is said to have been supplied or supplemented by a pumphouse (whose base is still extant and which may have been constructed by E B Dawson during his ownership of the Aldcliffe Estate, 1875-1910) located some 325m to the northeast on the west side of Aldcliffe Road. The Historic Environment Record (HER) does not note any known heritage assets within the site, although finds of Roman to Medieval dates have been made in the wider area.

The Listed Gd II nos 1-5 Aldcliffe Village are c.135m to the south of the site, although intervening development means that development here is unlikely to impact their setting. The 1827 lodge to the former hall (also Gd II) lies 195m to the east-north-east, but again significant impacts on its setting by development here are unlikely.

The site is considered to be of local archaeological significance, mainly by virtue of its location within the park and the presence of the earthworks noted above.

LPSA 23: Vicarage in Bolton-le-Sands

This is a partially developed site, formerly the vicarage and vicarage garden to Holy Trinity Church (formerly dedicated to St Michael), Bolton-le-Sands. The Listed Gd II* church stands on the opposite side of Main Road to the development site and is known to have been extant in 1094. The present church retains a 15 th century tower and nave aisle, but the remainder is early and mid-19 th work. Within the proposed development site nos 117 and 117a represent the former vicarage, recently refurbished and subdivided. A large detached house and crescent of apartments have also recently been constructed within the plot, the remainder being set to wooded communal gardens, access and parking areas. A number of fragments of pre-Conquest and medieval crosses and grave monuments were formerly preserved in the vicarage garden, but the known examples have since been relocated in the church and graveyard. The HER does not record any other archaeological sites within the plot, and 19 th -21 st century construction, landscaping and tree cover make it unlikely that substantial early remains (of for example a medieval vicarage like that at Warton) will survive here. There is a possibility that some further medieval decorated stones from the church and churchyard will have been lost within the gardens, but the probability of this seems low.

The site falls completely within the Conservation Area at Bolton-le-Sands. As well as the Listed Gd II* church noted above, its graveyard facing the development site contains a Gd II cross base, probably of medieval origin. No 115 Main Road immediately north of the site is Listed Gd II, as is the Blue Anchor Hotel (PH) which is on the opposite side of Main Road to the northern tip of the site. Further Gd II buildings stand within the village only a short distance (30m+) to the north of the site. The Listed Gd II* Hawkshead Farm (1 The Nook) stands only 45m to the northeast and further Gd II buildings lie 50-130m to the northeast

The site is considered to be of local archaeological significance, by virtue of its location within the conservation area, its proximity to the church and to the other Listed Buildings.

A formal heritage statement will be necessary for further development here, but it only needs to address setting issues and not archaeological remains.

LPSA 39: Land south of 1-19 Hawthorn Close, Brookhouse

This is a small greenfield site on the south side of a 1960s development at Brookhouse. It is some 425m west of the village conservation area and 550m from the early church site. There are no recorded archaeological sites within the development area, the closest being the possible route of

the Roman road up the south side of the Lune valley, lying between 100 and 240m southeast of the site (two alternative lines are proposed here). A black-and-white tessellated pavement is said to have been found when developing a bungalow off Vicarage Avenue, a short distance to the east, but the location, date and function of the pavement cannot be confirmed. The potential for Romano- British occupation on this site cannot therefore be completely dismissed

Artle Beck Bridge (Listed Gd II) is 170m to the west of the site and Borwicks Farm, also Gd II, is 430m to the southwest. The setting of these buildings should not be impacted by development on this site.

The site is considered to be of local archaeological significance.

LPSA 40: Land south of Hornby Road, Brookhouse

This is a substantial greenfield site east of Artle Beck and south of Hornby Road, only 40m to the north of Brookhouse Conservation Area. No archaeological sites are recorded within it, although the field pattern is considered to be of early origin. Brookhouse is of pre-Conquest origin and was presumably a settlement of some significance, as there was a church recorded there in the 12 th century. Unlike other early settlements in the valley such as Halton, Hornby, Arkholme and Whittington, however, there is no motte and bailey castle here, which may simply reflect the village's location away from a crossing point of the Lune. Brookhouse Road is the original route up this side of the Lune Valley, being followed by Ogilby's 1675 route map from York to Lancaster. Hornby Road in contrast does not appear on William Yates' map of 1786, although it had been constructed by the middle of the 19 th century. A medieval stone mortar, an Elizabethan sixpence and a 19 th century seal matrix have been found in this vicinity. Whilst no finds have been made that would confirm it, this tongue of land between Artle Beck and Bull Beck may have been a more favourable site during prehistoric times, and it is possible that Mesolithic or later use of the area could have occurred. A number of flint scatters representing temporary occupation sites have been encountered along the Lune in recent years.

As noted above, the site is a short distance outside Brookhouse Conservation Area. A 19 th century milestone which is Listed Gd II stands in the centre of the site's boundary along Hornby Road. Artle Beck Bridge, also Gd II, is on its southwest corner. Brookhouse St Paul is Listed at Gd II* and stands c.185m to the southeast, part of a cluster of other Gd II Listed buildings.

The site is considered to be of local archaeological significance.

LPSA 49: Land north of railway lines, Warton Road, Carnforth

Much of this site was used as the waste tip from the adjacent ironworks site. There is a possibility that early remains may survive under this tip, but the probability seems rather remote. The western

side of the site, however, was the site of Carnforth Mill, a water-powered corn mill that was noted in 1324 and with some remains said to have been extant in 1817. The mill was fed by springs, as the neighbouring Warton Mill had the rights to the water from the River Keer, although there is evidence that an attempt was made to run a goit (channel) from the river at the end of the 18 th century.

Keer Bridge House, a Listed Gd II house of the mid-19 th century, lies less than 100m to the north of the site on the north side of the River Keer. The setting of this building is unlikely to be strongly influenced by development of this site.

The site is considered to be of at least local archaeological significance, but if significant remains of the watermill were found, this may be increased to county significance.

A formal heritage statement should accompany any planning proposal for the site, which should include the results of a desk-based study and walk-over survey. Field investigation and, if required, full excavation, of the water mill site can be required by planning condition, although an early investigation may allow the design of development to be such that remains could be preserved in situ and not require mitigation excavation. No field investigation is required of the area of the former waste tip itself.

LPSA 92: Land on corner of Lancaster Road and Quernmore Road, Caton

The eastern side of this greenfield site was subject to some archaeological work in 2002 associated with the installation of a pipeline. A watching brief recovered an unusual concentration of medieval pottery, with indications that there was a pottery kiln nearby. A follow-up excavation of a section of the pipeline corridor revealed a number of cut features but no remains of a kiln were identified and it may lay in the adjacent unexcavated parts of the site. A short distance to the west further excavation works associated with the pipeline recovered a considerable number of flint flakes. Dated to the Mesolithic period on typological grounds, the flint scatter probably represents the debris from tool manufacture at a hunting or fishing camp occupied on a number of occasions. The potential for further archaeological remains of prehistoric or medieval date is considered to be high.

The Listed Gd II Croftlands is only 55m to the west and development here may impact its setting. Careful design and mitigation may well be required.

The site is considered to be potentially of regional archaeological significance.

A formal programme of archaeological field investigation is required on this site. A report on the results of that investigation should be submitted with any planning application, so that the full implications of its development can be considered.

LPSA 134: Land north of Meadow Barn, Preston-Lancaster Road, Ellel

This is a greenfield site immediately to the north of the former Leach House farmstead, which has been converted and developed to form a small mews development accessed off Highland Brow, Ellel. No archaeological sites are recorded within the development area, but a small 'native' settlement of Romano-British date was excavated a short distance to the southeast in 2003 prior to the construction of the access road to the (then) new Lancaster University South West Campus Extension. Other field survey associated with the development identified a series of earthworks on

the slopes immediately east of the proposed development site. Most of these could be shown to be of 18 th -19 th century date and of little consequence, but some may have been of medieval origin and included at least one possible house platform and a former lane that lead from Leach House to Barker House Farm. Immediately available aerial photography does not, however, show any corresponding earthworks within the proposed development site and its slightly lower-lying aspect may have meant it was not so suitable for occupation.

The closest Listed Buildings to the development site are a Grade II boundary stone alongside the A6 some 200m to the north of the site, and the Grade II Barker House farmhouse, 250m to the east. Neither of these buildings nor their settings would be impacted by development here.

The site is considered to be of local archaeological significance.

LPSA 138: Land east of A6 and north of River Conder, Galgate

This site is an area of pasture fields between the A6 and railway, presumably associated with Wardfield Farm. The southern tip is occupied by a modern scrapyard and butts up to the Low Mill site on Salford Road. This mill was built in 1801 and used as a flax, silk and cotton mill until c.1880. The three-storey mill was demolished in 1895 and cottages and gas works built on the site, the existing three storey building and one adjacent with glass roof panels are remains of this gas works. At the rear is evidence of the former millpond and its supply leat, which left the Conder near Thomson's Mill on Chapel Street, crossed the A6 under a bridge, and can be seen as a dry ditch in the fields north and west of the Conder. The reservoir and leat are shown on the OS 1848 mapping and fall into the development site, as does a gasometer (presumably mill-related but potentially reused later) seen on the 1891 mapping. Also in the southern part of the site are a small number of reported finds, including a medieval ring and a Neolithic or Early Bronze Age flint flake. It is possible (although an alternative route has recently been suggested) that a Roman road line crosses the very southern tip of the site. No remains of the road would be expected to survive here however.

In contrast to the low-lying southern end of the site, the northern part of the site rises up above the level of the A6. This section retains a series of curving lynchets, likely to be the result of medieval and early post medieval ploughing. At least four well-defined earthworks survive, although aerial photography and LiDAR suggest that others may be present and that they form part of an extensive field system pre-dating the present A6 road.

There are no Listed Buildings in the immediate vicinity of the development site with the single exception of the Gd II Galgate Old Bridge, taking Salford Road over the River Conder just south of the site. Development on this plot is unlikely to impact the setting of this bridge. The development site is likely to be visible from other Gd II buildings along Chapel Street, including Chapel Cottages and the silk mill complex, but the impact of development here on their wider setting is unlikely to be a constraint.

The site is considered to be of at least county archaeological significance, due to the prominence of the lynchets.

A formal heritage statement should accompany any planning proposal for the site, which should include the results of a desk-based study and walk-over survey. Any design which did not retain the better-preserved lynchets as a visible and understandable earthwork system would need particularly strong justification. Archaeological investigations of the potential for early buried remains can be made a condition of any planning consent granted.

LPSA 141: Land south of Hazelrigg Lane, Galgate

This is a large greenfield site immediately south of the site of the Romano-British settlement excavated in 2003 as part of the South West campus extension project and has significant potential for the presence of further remains of this period. A series of earthworks have been identified across the site, some of which may be medieval in origin but are shown as field boundaries on a later 18 th century estate map.

The closest Listed Building is the Gd II farmhouse at Barker House Farm. It is only some 200m to the north but is now subsumed into the modern campus extension and thus will not be impacted by development on this site. Slightly further away are the stile from the road and the sundial (both Gd II) at the graveyard and site of the medieval chapel of St John, off Green Lane. Intervening buildings and topographic features will limit any impact on the setting of these monuments.

The site is considered to be of county to regional significance.

A full programme of archaeological investigation, including topographic and geophysical survey, as well as trial excavation, will be needed on this site. A report on such work should be submitted with any development proposal.

LPSA 145: Land south of Meadow Barn, Main Road, Galgate

This is a greenfield site immediately to the south of the former Leach House farmstead, which has been converted and developed to form a small mews development accessed off Highland Brow, Ellel. A small 'native' settlement of Romano-British date was excavated a short distance to the east in 2003 prior to the construction of the access road to the (then) new Lancaster University South West Campus Extension. Other field survey associated with the development identified a series of earthworks on the slopes immediately east of the proposed development site. Most of these could be shown to be of 18 th -19 th century date and of little consequence, but some may well have been of medieval origin. Aerial photography and LiDAR suggests that the field system indicated by lynchets seen in the plot to the south (Additional Site 138, Land east of A6 and north of River Conder, Galgate) could extend into this site.

There are no nearby Listed Buildings which would be impacted by development on this site.

The site is considered to be of local to county significance.

LPSA 146: Land west of A6, Galgate

A large greenfield site between Galgate and Lancaster University [despite the name given above it actually lies to the east of the A6]. Aerial photography and LiDAR suggest that the medieval and later field system seen on the west side of the A6 (See sites 138: Land east of A6 and north of River Conder, Galgate and 145: Land south of Meadow Barn, Main Road, Galgate) has been cut by that road and continues into this site. A substantial pit, perhaps for clay or gravel, is present a little to the south of centre and a pre-1769 field boundary is recorded in the northern part of the site. Away from the lower land alongside the River Conder, the site has some limited potential for the preservation of early buried remains.

The closest Listed Building is the Gd II stile into the graveyard of the former chapel of St John on Chapel Lane, with the sundial within the graveyard being a few metres further on. To the south is the older part of the Galgate Silk Mill complex and the present church of St John, both also Listed Gd II. There is some potential for the wider setting of these sites to be impacted by development here, but the impact is likely to be less than substantial.

The site is considered to be of local archaeological significance.

A formal heritage statement should accompany any planning proposal for the site, which should include the results of a desk-based study and walk-over survey, but archaeological investigations of the potential buried remains or topographical recording of extant earthworks can be made a condition of any planning consent granted.

LPSA 148: Land west of Highland Brow, Galgate

This site sits immediately to the north of the present urban limit to Galgate, formed by houses on the north side of Meadow Park. The line of the main Preston-Lancaster Roman Road is thought to have run through this site, and its junction with a route southeast to Ribchester has been proposed here. Recent research has however suggested that these 'traditional' lines for the Roman routes are incorrect and that they in fact lie some distance away from here, although the 'new' routes have yet to be confirmed by excavation. A large pit, shown on the OS 1848 mapping and named in 1891 as 'Old Clay Pit' lies on the site's northern border. As there is no tradition of marl-digging in this area it seems more probable that the pit supplied clay for brick, tile or field-drain manufacture (though no manufacturing sites are known nearby). It seems too small to have provided significant amounts of puddling clay for the Lancaster Canal which runs just west of the site. No other archaeological sites are known here, although evidence form the wider landscape would suggest that there is a medium to low potential for as-yet unknown remains of Prehistoric or Romano-British date to exist here.

There are no Listed Buildings nearby whose settings could be impacted by development here. The Lancaster Canal itself, whilst not Listed per se , is a heritage asset of more than local significance and impacts on its setting by development will need to be considered.

The site is considered to be of local archaeological significance.

LPSA 167: Land west of Sea View Drive, Hest Bank

No known heritage assets fall within the land parcel. A Neolithic 'roughout' stone axe of Lake District type is recorded as having been found in a garden in Slyne in 1960, a little over 550m to the east, but this cannot be taken as a clear indicator that there was settlement of this period here.

On the Lancaster Canal, Rakes Head Bridge is 25m to the south of the site, whilst Occupation Bridge is 250m to the north. Both are Listed Gd II. The Lancaster Canal itself, whilst not Listed per se , is a heritage asset of more than local significance and impacts on its setting by development will need to be considered.

The site is considered to be of negligible archaeological significance.

No further archaeological investigation is considered necessary, but a heritage statement assessing the impact of development on the canal and bridges should accompany any planning application.

LPSA 216: Fanny House Farm, Oxcliffe Road, Heysham

This is essentially a brownfield site, occupied by an extant farmstead. The stone buildings along the road frontage are shown on the OS 1:10,560 mapping of 1848, but from their external appearance are not of particularly early origin. No early buried archaeological remains would be predicted on this site.

There are no Listed Buildings nearby whose settings could be impacted by development here.

The site is considered to be of negligible archaeological significance.

Any development proposals should consider the heritage value of the traditional farm buildings and be accompanied by an appropriate heritage statement.

LPSA 307: Land north of Wyresdale Road, Lancaster

This plot sits at the junction of Fenham Carr Lane and Wyresdale Road and, with Additional Site 320 (Land southeast of Fenham Carr Lane, Lancaster), forms an extension to the extant Standen Park development along the southeast side of Williamson Park. The park is the landscaped site of the town's Georgian and Early Victorian building stone quarries and a series of prehistoric cremation burials have been recorded there. The early findspots continue outside the park, both further northeast and southwest along the ridge above Lancaster. The route represented by Wyresdale Road is likely to be of early origin, giving access as it does to the Over Wyresdale Vaccaries (medieval cattle farms) and other farmland east of the city, as well as to the Forest of Bowland with its upland resources such as timber, gritstone, lead, lime and peat. It also provides (via The Trough) a route to the Ribble valley and thus to York and eventually the East Coast. Few known heritage sites are recorded in the area between Williamson Park and the M6 to the east but no significant assessment or field study is known to have been undertaken there. Given the number and proximity of the prehistoric burials to the west and the shelter provided by the ridge from the prevailing westerly storms, the development plot is considered to have potential for the preservation of as-yet unknown buried remains of prehistoric to medieval dates.

The Ashton Memorial in the centre of Williamson Park is Listed Gd I and has extensive views in all directions. It stands c. 270m from the western edge of the development site, although topography

9 and tree cover may mean that it may not be visible from the site. The same applies for the other Gd II buildings within the park and the Gd II houses at Golgotha. The park itself (but not the development plot) is included in the Register of Parks and Gardens, which will need to be taken into account during the planning of any development here. The plot also lies outside but adjacent to the Williamson Park Conservation Area.

The site is considered to be of local archaeological significance.

A formal heritage statement should accompany any planning proposal for the site, which should include the results of a desk-based study and walk-over survey and an assessment of the impact on the Registered Park and Listed Buildings. Archaeological investigations of potential buried remains can be made a condition of any planning consent granted.

LPSA 310: Land north of Whernside Road, Lancaster

This plot forms, with the houses and gardens on the north side of Whernside Road, one of a small series of surviving east-west strip fields present between Skerton and Torrisholme. The wide extent of the original pattern is clearly visible on the OS mapping of 1848, where a number of these strip fields have the 'reverse-S' shape characteristic of a medieval field system. It should be said, however, that some caution needs to be applied to that interpretation as such field shapes can be influenced by local topography. This seems especially to be the case in areas of drumlins where rapid local variations of slope are present (such as here). Aerial photography does, however, tend to support the hypothesis, with significant areas of wide ridge and furrow earthworks being visible. Whilst only present on the clearest set of photographs, there may also be some circular earthworks present here, which pre-date the ridge and furrow and thus may indicate prehistoric settlement or ritual activity. Archaeological fieldwork associated with the recent construction of the Bay Gateway road would also tend to support a level of prehistoric activity hereabouts, with a significant Neolithic to Bronze Age occupation site having been excavated near Beaumont Hall, 1.5km to the northeast and some potential prehistoric pits a similar distance to the northwest. Any such prehistoric features will however, have been degraded by the medieval and later ploughing, and would be of local to county, rather than regional or national, significance.

There are no Listed Buildings in the vicinity of the proposed site which would be affected by its development.

As noted above the site is considered to be of local archaeological significance.

A formal heritage statement should accompany any planning proposal for the site, which should include the results of a desk-based study and walk-over survey. Archaeological investigations of potential buried remains can be made a condition of any planning consent granted.

LPSA 314: Land west of Watery Lane, Lancaster

As noted for Additional Site 310 (Land north of Whernside Road, Lancaster), this plot forms one of a small series of surviving east-west strip fields present between Skerton and Torrisholme. The wide extent of the original pattern is clearly visible on the OS mapping of 1848, where a number of these strip fields have the 'reverse-S' shape characteristic of a medieval field system. It should be said, however, that some caution needs to be applied to that interpretation as such field shapes can be influenced by local topography. This seems especially to be the case in areas of drumlins where

10 rapid local variations of slope are present (such as here). Aerial photography does, however, tend to support the hypothesis, with significant areas of wide ridge and furrow earthworks being visible. Unlike Site 310, however, no other obvious earthworks are visible on the aerial photographs. This should not be taken to indicate that these fields have no potential for early remains, as prehistoric sites were encountered near Beaumont Hall and east of Russel Drive during archaeological works associated with the Bay Gateway. Any such early features will however, have been degraded by the medieval and later ploughing, and would be of local to -county, rather than regional or national, significance.

There are no Listed Buildings in the vicinity of the proposed site which would be affected by its development.

As noted above the site is considered to be of local archaeological significance.

LPSA 320: Land southeast of Fenham Carr Lane, Lancaster

With Additional Site 307 (Land north of Wyresdale Road, Lancaster) this plot forms an extension to the extant Standen Park development along the southeast side of Williamson Park. The park is the landscaped site of the town's Georgian and Early Victorian building stone quarries and a series of prehistoric cremation burials have been recorded there. These early findspots extend further northeast and southwest along this ridge above Lancaster. The route represented by Wyresdale Road is likely to be of early origin, giving access as it does to the Over Wyresdale Vaccaries (medieval cattle farms) and other farmland east of the city, as well as to the Forest of Bowland with its upland resources such as timber, gritstone, lead, lime and peat. It also provides (via The Trough) a route to the Ribble valley and thus to York and eventually the East Coast. Few known heritage sites are recorded in the area between Williamson Park and the M6 to the east but no significant assessment or field study is known to have been undertaken in this area. Given the number and proximity of the burials to the west and the shelter provided by the ridge from the prevailing westerly storms, the development plot is considered to have potential for the preservation of as-yet unknown buried remains of prehistoric to medieval dates.

The Ashton Memorial in the centre of Williamson Park is Listed Gd I and has extensive views in all directions. It stands c. 270m from the western edge of the development plot, although topography and tree cover may mean that it is not actually visible from within the plot. The same applies for the other Gd II buildings within the park and the Gd II houses at Golgotha. The Gd II* Standen Park House lies only some 180m to the north of the development area but the presence of the 'Plaza' development in the intervening space means that its setting will not be affected by development here. The park itself (but not the development plot) is included in the Register of Parks and Gardens, which will need to be taken into account during the planning of any development here. The plot also lies outside but adjacent to the Williamson Park Conservation Area.

The site is considered to be of local archaeological significance.

A formal heritage statement should accompany any planning proposal for the site, which should include the results of a desk-based study and walk-over survey and an assessment of the impact on

11 the Registered Park and Listed Buildings. Archaeological investigations of potential buried remains can be made a condition of any planning consent granted.

LPSA 346: Land northwest of Aldcliffe Road, Lancaster

This greenfield land appears to comprise the 'Flora' extension to the Fairfield 'Fauna' local nature reserve. It is situated on the former medieval townfields of south Lancaster, features of which are still visible on the ground. A single flint core has been reported from the site, but no conclusions regarding prehistoric occupation can be drawn from this. A number of (potentially medieval) boundary or mere-stones are known from the site, and the ruins of a structure (perhaps a former outbarn) are present at the north end of the woodland block here. E B Dawson, the owner of the Aldcliffe Estate between 1875 and 1910, is thought to have been responsible for the erection of an unusual rendered concrete wall to the side of the footpath within the plot and the remains of a pump house in the low hollow to the immediate west of the Lancaster Canal may also be his work (see also Additional Sites 3, Land north of Aldcliffe, and 4, Land north of Ashlar Lodge, Aldcliffe Hall Drive, Aldcliffe). Roman, medieval and later finds have been made in the wider area and the site is considered to have some limited potential for buried early remains to exist.

The Listed Gd II former gate lodge to Aldcliffe Hall is located a little under 100m south of the site boundary and there is potential for its setting to be impacted by the development (although this will depend on the development (or not) of Additional Site 3). Haverbreaks Bridge over the Lancaster Canal is also Listed Gd II and lies only 35m from the site boundary. Visual impact of development on the setting of the bridge is not likely to be particularly high, but increases in traffic (and the potential for physical damage by bridge strikes during and following construction) may well be more of a concern. Similarly the Aldcliffe Road Conservation Area runs north from the canal bridge and the impact of increased traffic through it resulting from development here will need to be considered. Finally the Lancaster Canal itself, whilst not Listed per se , is a heritage asset of more than local significance and runs parallel to the eastern side of the development site. Impacts on its setting by development and impacts from increases in traffic will need to be considered.

The site is considered to be of local archaeological significance.

LPSA 380: Newlands Farm, Newlands Road, Lancaster

This development site takes the form of a strip of land between the extant houses on the east side of Newlands Road and the western side of the M6 motorway, and includes the site of Newlands Farm itself. A pottery manufacturing site, active during the late-18 th and early 19 th centuries but potentially with an earlier origin, is known on the north edge of the farm site. At least one kiln was impacted by the foundations of a bungalow constructed there in 1979 but the remains of others may well have been present. Both domestic ware and farm drainage tiles seem to have been manufactured here. The farm site itself is shown as 'Newland House' on the OS 1:10,560 mapping of 1848 and later maps, but again is also probably of earlier origin. No doubt the farm and pottery business were connected. No further investigation of the pottery site was possible at the time of its discovery and thus the limits of the pottery production site have not been ascertained. It should be

12 noted that very few such pottery sites have been investigated in the northwest and any remains will be of importance. It is certainly possible that remains will extend into the northern part of this site. The line of a Roman route from the south, leading off the main road south of Scotforth and 'cutting the corner' to a route from Lancaster across to Caton via the Roman pottery manufacture sites in the nearby Littledale, has been suggested to run just north of the development site. The line of the road is suggested to have been reused by later roads prior to their truncation by the M6; the stretch of Newlands Road running northeast from the farm entrance is a survivor of that routeway.

There are no Listed Buildings or other designated heritage assets close enough to be impacted by development on this plot.

The development site is considered to be of local archaeological significance, but remains of an early pottery could increase this to county or even regional level.

The results of a programme of study and investigation, including an assessment of the extant farm buildings, will need to be submitted with any planning application. Field investigation (geophysical survey confirmed by trial trenching) of the northern end of the site is also recommended.

LPSA 393: Land north and east of Crowtrees, Melling Road, Melling

This site falls completely within the Conservation Area at Melling, between the present built-up area and the railway line. It appears to be in use as pasture fields, but there is some evidence on aerial photography for earlier ploughing, with a curving lynchet or other earthwork defining the foot of Galley Hill both in this site and to the north of the railway (this was probably originally a continuous feature). Apart from this boundary, which does not appear on the OS 1840s mapping and presumably pre-dates this, there are no known archaeological features within the plot. On its boundaries are the 1867 railway and site of Melling Station, the Gd II Listed Crowtrees itself and the adjacent findspot of a Roman quern. The approximate line of the Roman road up this side of the Lune is drawn parallel with the A683 at the west end of the plot, but it must be said that its actual route is not well established in this area. The quern find is noted in the 'Lonsdale Magazine' of 1821, but beyond giving the size of the stone (some 13ins by 4ins) and assigning it to the Roman period, little is known of it. Despite this, querns are objects that can point to the location of early settlements. As large(-ish) blocks of stone they take some effort to transport and are not a great deal of use for other purposes, meaning that once broken or redundant they don't tend to move very far from the place they were last used. It is also possible that the quern is not of Roman date (despite the adjacent road line) as later prehistoric settlement is relatively common in the Lune Valley and the placenames of Melling and the nearby Cringleber point to both Saxon and Scandinavian occupation. Whilst Melling is derived from an Old English name, Cringleber comes from the Old Norse Kringla 'circle' and berg 'hill' – thus meaning 'round hill' (Ekwall 1922 The Place- names of Lancashire p.180). It however be taken as 'hill with or by a circle', implying the remains of an early enclosed settlement. Finally, it should be noted that the parish church stands in the former bailey of a Norman motte and bailey castle, the surviving motte to the east of the church being a Scheduled Monument. It is not so well preserved as those at Halton and Castle Stede (Hornby), but with the example at Arkholme may have overseen a crossing of the Lune here.

As noted above, the site is within the Conservation Area and the 19 th century Crowtrees (Gd II) is on its southern border. The earlier Old Crowtrees is also Gd II and lies only 50m from the southern edge of the site, whilst the Scheduled Motte is a little over 200m to the southwest and the Gd I parish church (now dedicated to St Peter but previously St Wilfred's) is a further 50m to the

13 southwest. Other Gd II Listed Buildings in Melling Village and the Gd II Cringleber Farmhouse 420m to the northeast are unlikely to be impacted by development here.

If the site retains buried remains of early settlement, it is likely to be of county significance, otherwise it will be of local significance as the setting for Crowtrees and the village.

LPSA395: Melling Green, Melling Road, Melling

This plot is partially open pasture and partly woodland and scrub-covered and lies within Melling Conservation Area. The OS 1848 1:10,560 mapping shows this area shaded, which appears to indicate that it is the former village green, although there has been some encroachment – e.g. Bottom Barn (dated 1774) – within it. This land still appears to have this status and as such may not be developable. There are no known heritage assets within the plot noted on the Historic Environment Record, although there is an entry for the adjacent Bottom Barn (above) and the projected line of the Roman road up this side of the Lune is drawn c. 80m to the west of the plot. It must be said that the actual Roman route is not well established in this area and it may be closer. The settlement at Melling is of pre-Conquest origin, the name being derived from an Old English personal name (Ekwall 1922 The Place-names of Lancashire p.180) and the parish church being extant in 1094. The church stands in the former bailey of a Norman motte and bailey castle, the surviving motte to the east of the church being a Scheduled Monument. It is not so well preserved as those at Halton and Castle Stede (Hornby), but with the example at Arkholme may have overseen a crossing of the Lune here. There are also a number of 17 th and 18 th century buildings in the vicinity of the plot, Bottom Barn and The Old Malt House to the west being the closest, but Town End Farm and The Barn, Main Street also being in the vicinity.

As noted above the plot lies within the Conservation Area at Melling. The closest Listed Building is the Gd II* Old Malt House, some 35m to the west. The Barn (noted above) is Gd II and stands c.70m to the northeast. The Scheduled Motte site is 180m to the northeast, as is the Gd I Listed church of St Peter.

The site is considered to be of only local archaeological significance as the setting for the adjacent early buildings, but its status as a Village Green makes it of more importance in terms of landscape.

A formal heritage statement should accompany any planning proposal for the site and will need to consider the Village Green implications carefully. Any mitigation works necessary can however be required by condition.

LPSA 438: Land west of Green Lane, Morecambe

This is a small plot between the railway branch line to Heysham Harbour and two static caravan or park home sites, at the northwest corner of the former Heysham Moss. There are no known archaeological sites within it, the closest being Whittam House (a pre-1848 farmstead) some 380m to the south. No surface peat is known to survive in this part of the moss and, unlike other mosses on the Lancashire Plain, few prehistoric finds have been made here. The site is noted as Allotment

Gardens on modern OS mapping (and may have been in this use in the 1960s), but aerial photography suggests that it has not been cultivated significantly for a considerable time previously.

There are no nearby Listed Buildings or other designated heritage assets which would be impacted by the development of this site.

This site is considered to be of negligible archaeological significance.

No archaeological study or mitigation appears necessary.

LPSA 494: Land southeast of Railway line, Oxcliffe Road, Morecambe

This is a medium-sized plot between the railway branch line to Heysham Harbour, a static caravan or park home site and Oxcliffe Road and lies at the northwest corner of the former Heysham Moss. There are no known archaeological sites within it, the closest being Whittam House (a pre-1848 farmstead) some 250m to the south. No surface peat is known to survive in this part of the moss and, unlike other mosses on the Lancashire Plain, few prehistoric finds have been made here. The site appears to have been agricultural land and aerial photography suggests it has previously been drained.

There are no nearby Listed Buildings or other designated heritage assets which would be impacted by the development of this site.

This site is considered to be of negligible archaeological significance.

No archaeological study or mitigation appears necessary.

LPSA 538: Mellishaw Lane existing allocation, Morecambe

This is a large greenfield site between Mellishaw Lane and theA683, to the south and west of the extant Sunnycliffe Retail Park. Its western boundary curves around the foot of a prominent drumlin, 'Great Fearkla', which appears to be circled by an early bank which may be an enclosure or the product of medieval ploughing up to the foot of the hill. Within the site curving ridge and furrow is visible on aerial photography but it seems probable that this represents post medieval drainage rather than medieval ploughing (although this may well also have occurred here). The site's elevation and location just west of the Lune estuary suggests that it was formerly the edge of cultivated (or reclaimed) land adjacent to the estuary salt marshes. The placename Mellishaw may be derived from an Old Irish personal name and the Old Norse haugr meaning 'hill' (Ekwall 1922 The Place-names of Lancashire p.176). This could suggest settlement in the 10 th century by Hiberno- Norse peoples ejected from Ireland at the beginning of that century or somewhat earlier occupation by people who had travelled from that settlement. Oxcliffe is mentioned in the Domesday Book and means ' the height where cattle are kept ' (Op. Cit. p.176). Finally, it should be noted that the development site lies immediately south of the WWI National Filling Factory 13, a munitions works of 1916-20 whose site is now occupied by the White Lund industrial and trading estate. A fire and explosion there in 1917 scattered filled and empty artillery shells across this area and there is a possibility that some may lay within the development site.

The site lies a little over 220m from the Grade II Listed Oxcliffe Hall farmhouse, a building with two 17 th century datestones but probably on an earlier site. No other designated heritage asset is close enough to be impacted by development here.

The site is considered to be of local archaeological significance.

A formal heritage statement should accompany any planning proposal for the site, which should include the results of a desk-based study and walk-over survey, but archaeological investigations of potential buried remains can be made a condition of any planning consent granted. The potential presence of unexploded ordnance would suggest that a careful geophysical and/or archaeologically- managed metal-detector survey would be a sensible precaution.

LPSA 545: Land east of Main Road, Nether Kellet

This site is an area of agricultural land lying behind the houses on the east side of the triangular village green at Nether Kellet. The OS 1:10,560 mapping of 1848 would suggest that this is an area where medieval strip fields or 'croft and toft' plots run back eastwards from the roadside. The rear areas of house plots were often used to dispose of rubbish in pits, but may also have been occupied by barns, stables and other outbuildings. There is considered to be a reasonable probability for buried medieval remains to exist on the western side of the northern parts of the plot, around the Limeburner's Arms Inn where modern development is more limited. A single cast bronze ring has been found nearby, which may be of later prehistoric or Romano-British date.

The northwest tip of the development area extends into the Conservation Area at Nether Kellet. The closest Listed building is 41 Main Road, dated to 1719 and Listed at Gd II, which lies on the opposite side of the road to the northwest tip of the development plot. The late 17 th century Old Hall Barn farmhouse lies c.75m from the northern tip of the development plot and Town End Farm is 220m to the west, both also Listed Gd II. Whilst the setting of 41 Main Road may well be impacted by development on this site, the latter two sites would probably be only minimally affected.

The development site is considered to be of local archaeological significance.

A formal heritage statement should accompany any planning proposal for the site, but archaeological investigations of the potential buried remains can be made a condition of any planning consent granted.

LPSA 551: Land northwest of Cockle Hill, Kirkby Lonsdale Road, Over Kellet

This site is part of the strip field system to the north of the village green, the southern end of which may have been occupied as 'croft and toft' plots. The rear areas of such croft plots were often used to dispose of rubbish in pits, but may also have been occupied by barns, stables and other outbuildings. There is considered to be some probability for buried medieval remains of such activity to exist at the southern tip of the site. A polished stone axe of Neolithic date is reported to have been found near the southern tip of the site. Whilst there is no reason to rule out early settlement here (mid- and later prehistoric finds and sites are known in the wider surroundings), single axes like this are widely scattered across the landscape and are not thought to be reliable indicators of contemporary settlement in the immediate vicinity.

There are a cluster of Listed Gd II buildings along the northern side of Kellet Road at the southern tip of the site which will probably be impacted by development here, the closest of which is Wilson House, only 15m from the site boundary. Yew Tree House (Gd II) lies on Kirkby Lonsdale Road c.135m to the southeast of the development plot, and Well House (Gd II) on Capernwray Road is c.150m to the west. These latter two sites are less likely to be impacted by development here.

The development site is considered to be of local archaeological significance.

A formal heritage statement should accompany any planning proposal for the site and this will need to take particular care to consider the impact on the nearby Listed Buildings. Archaeological investigations of the potential buried remains and any other impact mitigation works can however be made a condition of any planning consent granted.

LPSA 592: Land west of [Lancaster] Road, Slyne

A linear area of agricultural land running southwest from the edge of the Conservation Area at Slyne and whose shape reflects the strip-field pattern seen here on the OS 1848 (and later) mapping. Such strip fields are usually thought of as of medieval origin and may indeed be so, but some caution needs to be applied to that interpretation as such field shapes can be influenced by local topography. This seems especially to be the case in areas of drumlins where rapid local variations in slope are present (such as here), although features seen in aerial photography would tend to support an early origin. The site is crossed by a suggested line of a Roman road, running north from Lancaster towards the fort at Watercrook, Kendal, but no confirmation of the line (or even the existence) of this road has yet been forthcoming. Whilst prehistoric finds are known in the wider vicinity, none are recorded in the immediate environs of the development site but a possible Roman site is said to have been excavated at Brantholme, c.670m to the west. Slyne is named as a settlement in the Domesday Book, but the derivation of the name is not certain (Ekwall 1922 The Place-names of Lancashire p.185). The OS 1:10,560 mapping of 1848 (sheet Lancashire 30, surveyed 1844-5) shows Slyne Tithe barn to have been located on the west side of Lancaster Road immediately south of the development plot. It does not obviously extend into the development area, but its location may suggest some vanished occupation between it and the village centre.

As noted above the Slyne Conservation Area is touched by the northern tip of the development site. Within it and only c. 50m to the north of the development plot is Slyne Pound and the village stocks, both Listed Gd II. Intervening development means that their setting should not be impacted by development here. The Cross Keys public house, also Listed Gd II, is some 77m from the northern tip of the development site. Whilst its location makes it more exposed to views of the development plot, the intervening car park and road probably minimise any impact.

The site is of local archaeological significance.

A formal heritage statement should accompany any planning proposal for the site, but any investigation or mitigation required can be made a condition of any planning consent granted.

LPSA 640: Land north of Hala Carr Farm, Bowerham Lane, Lancaster

A small farmland site between the extant Hala estate and the line of the M6, immediately north of the farmstead itself. No archaeological sites are known within the site, although some agricultural earthworks are reported in fields to the south.

There are no Listed Buildings or other designated heritage assets close enough to be impacted by development here.

This site is considered to be of negligible archaeological significance.

No archaeological study or mitigation appears necessary.

LPSA 641: Land south of Willow Cottage and Pool House, Main Street, Arkholme

This plot is an area of landscaped ground or garden to the south side of the village, sloping down to Bains Beck. The present village is generally of linear form, consisting of a single row of 17 th century and later houses flanking Main Street from the crossroads at the west to the church at the east. The route along Main Street continues down to the River Lune and the former ford and ferry there – this may well have been a significant medieval crossing point, managed by the Norman castles at Arkholme and Melling. The OS 1847 1:10,560 mapping (sheet Lancashire 25) shows more of the north-south strip field boundaries projecting from the house plots on either side of Main Street than appear on modern maps. Aerial photographs of the village suggest that remnant earthworks of at least some of these may yet survive. Medieval and later 'back of plot' remains and sites may just fall into the northern part of the development plot, but the great majority was probably in agricultural use until its recent landscape planting. No pre-medieval sites are recorded in the immediate vicinity of the village, with the single possible exception of a mound which may represent a prehistoric burial site immediately west of the house named 'Longbarrow' at the eastern end of the village.

The entrance to the site passes through the Conservation Area at Arkholme, although the main development site itself is outside it. Many of the houses in Arkholme are Listed, all at Gd II (although the Church of St John the Baptist is Gd II*). The two houses that flank the entrance to the site, Willow Cottage and Pool House, are both so Listed and the rears of both look out over the development site, as do the Listed Gd II Rose Cottage and Glen Cross (70m northeast), Undercroft and The Caulking House (95m and 125m northwest respectively). The Scheduled motte within St John's churchyard is c. 445m to the east of the site and unlikely to be affected by development on this plot.

From a strictly archaeological perspective the development site is of only local importance, but as a setting for this unusual linear village it may approach county significance.

A formal heritage statement should accompany any planning proposal for the site, and will need to consider impacts on the nearby Listed Buildings and the 'linear' nature of the historic village. Any investigation or mitigation required can be made a condition of any planning consent granted.

LPSA 646: Land west of Long Level, Cowan Bridge

This plot is a former pair of medieval-type strip fields, running parallel to the road and opposite a small modern industrial/commercial estate which stands on former railway land. Aerial photography suggests that ridge and furrow cultivation earthworks survive on adjacent fields but not within this development plot. There are no heritage assets known on this plot, but many exist in the immediate surroundings. Circa 1.1km to the southeast at Low Barn, Leck, is a probable later prehistoric settlement site and others, some of which are Scheduled Monuments, lie between 1.2 and 2 km in each direction. The main north-south Roman road passes through Overtown, a little over 500m to the west, with nearby stretches of this road surviving as well-defined earthworks and a spur leading west to the Scheduled Roman fort at Burrow Hall (1.6km away). Placename evidence suggests a significant Scandinavian influence here before the Conquest, and it seems probable that many of the older farmsteads in the area have medieval if not pre-Conquest antecedents. Medieval and later agricultural earthworks are also widespread.

The closest designated heritage assets are the Gd II Listed boundary stones, old bridge and Bronte Cottages between 100 and 300m to the northwest along the A65. In the opposite direction the Listed Gd II Longlands farmhouse is 300m to the southeast. The Scheduled Roman milestone on Woodman Lane is a little under 900m to the west. The settings of these monuments are unlikely to be strongly impacted by development on this plot.

As knowledge stands, this plot is probably of Negligible to Local archaeological significance, but it has the potential to retain early settlement remains and to be of at least County significance.

A heritage statement, including the results of a programme of field investigation, will need to be submitted with any planning application.

LPSA 674: Land north of Hill Lane, Nether Kellet

This plot is a north-south strip of farmland immediately south of Site 545 (Land east of Main Road). More than half its length is separated from the houses fronting onto Halton Road and the village green by the inserted Meadow Grove development. As such it is unlikely that the 'croft and toft' occupation seen around the village green will extend into much of the site (if at all). The OS 1848 1:10,560 mapping does, however, show that the plot was formerly occupied by the western ends of medieval-type strip fields. A single cast bronze ring has been found nearby, which may be of later prehistoric or Romano-British date.

The plot does not appear to encroach on the Nether Kellet Conservation Area, although its northwest, southwest and south edges are contiguous with it. The closest Listed Building is Malt Kiln House, c.50m west, with Lawson's Farmhouse being c.125m in the same direction. Impacts on the settings of these buildings is likely to limited.

The development site is considered to be of local archaeological significance.

LPSA 676: Land south of Main Road, Nether Kellet

This site lies to the east of the Ash Grove section of the village, to the north of the settlement around the village green. A late- or post-medieval dress fastener is reported to have been found within the plot and archaeological works by the adjacent Ash Grove Cottage revealed a surprisingly large amount of medieval pottery. It was speculated that this may have been from 'night soil' manuring of the fields, using the material from local middens. To the east of the site are the sites of 19 th century limestone quarrying and a lime kiln. Aerial photography and old maps do not suggest the presence of strip-fields here, and it may be that the pattern was disrupted or has been lost because of rock outcrops and/or quarrying.

The plot appears to fall outside the Nether Kellet Conservation Area, although its western side is contiguous with it. The closest Listed Building is Lane End farmhouse and barn (GD II), circa 110m to the northwest. Intervening buildings and roads mean that development here will not impact its setting significantly.

The development site is considered to be of local archaeological significance.

LPSA 678: Land east of Nether Kellet Road, Over Kellet

A triangular agricultural field lying between the modern part of the village and Kirk House Farm. It is crossed by an earthwork approximately paralleling the present road, representing an early track to the farm and an agricultural bank and which may be of medieval or earlier origin. To the immediate south of the development area and west of the farm is the Church of St Cuthbert which has early 13th century remains and a number of associated medieval crosses and grave slabs. One of the crosses now inside the church is said to have been a boundary marker for lands of the Knights Hospitallers at Over Kellet, and was formerly located at the edge of the churchyard. A dragonesque brooch of 1 st -2nd century type is said to have been found in the vicinity and there are suggestions of later prehistoric or Romano-British settlement nearby.

Both the church (30m southwest) and Kirk House farmhouse (75m south) are Listed, the former at Gd II* and the latter at Gd II. The settings of both sites would be affected by development on this plot.

The site is of at least local significance as the setting for both Kirk House and the Church. It is shown to retain early buried remains it may be of County importance.

A heritage statement, including the results of a programme of earthwork survey, geophysics and trial trenching, will need to be submitted with any planning application.

LPSA 680: Land south of Kirkby Lonsdale Road, Over Kellet

This is a large greenfield site south of the newer end of Over Kellet village. It includes pasture land and wooded rock escarpments. To the south is the Kirk House farmstead and the medieval Church of St Cuthbert (see 678: Land east of Nether Kellet Road). The Historic Environment Record notes a former limestone quarry and two limekilns within the plot, and aerial photography suggests that there has been other undocumented quarrying activity here. A small number of former field boundaries, trackways and other agricultural earthworks are also visible on the aerial photography, but it seems possible that the site was mainly open grazing land (perhaps a common grazing field and 'public' quarry site) rather than being part of the medieval strip-field system seen elsewhere at Over Kellet. A dragonesque brooch of 1 st -2nd century type is said to have been found in the vicinity and there are suggestions of later prehistoric or Romano-British settlement nearby.

Both the church (125m southwest) and Kirk House farmhouse (80m southwest) are Listed, the former at Gd II* and the latter at Gd II. The settings of both sites could be affected by development on this plot.

The site is of at least Local significance as the setting for both Kirk House and the Church. If it is shown to retain early buried remains it may be of County importance.

A heritage statement, including the results of a programme of earthwork survey, geophysics and trial trenching, will need to be submitted with any planning application.

LPSA 681: Land south of Lamond Cottage, Nether Kellet Road, Over Kellet

This plot of farmland is crossed diagonally by a well-defined hollow way, which runs from the 17 th century free grammar school site and the 18 th century Lamond Cottage into the farmland west of the Church of St Cuthbert. It represents an early route to this 13 th century church, respecting the medieval strip-field system (and may also, although less probably, continue further south to Helk's Farm). It had been replaced by the modern road by the time of the 1847 OS 1:10,560 map, but was still marked as a track on that mapping. Aerial photography also shows what appears to be post medieval ridge and furrow earthworks within the plot, respecting the hollow way. There are suggestions of later prehistoric or Romano-British settlement nearby.

The north side of the site is contiguous with the southern tip of the Over Kellet Conservation Area and may just project into it. Lamond Cottage is Listed Gd II and lies immediately outside the plot. The Gd II* church of St Cuthbert lies some 165m to the southeast of the southern tip of the site. Both of these Listed Buildings may be impacted by development here.

The site is of local significance both for the presence of the early routeway and as the setting for the Listed Buildings.

A heritage statement, including at least a walk-over survey of the earthworks, will need to be submitted with any planning application. Further investigation or mitigation works found to be necessary may be required by planning condition.

LPSA 682: Land south of Nether Kellet Road, opposite Leapers View, Over Kellet

This site fits between sites 678 (Land east of Nether Kellet Road) and 681 (Land south of Lamond Cottage, Nether Kellet Road) and lies immediately north of the medieval Church of St Cuthbert. What is probably an early route to the church is represented by the track along the southern side of the plot, continuing the earthwork seen crossing plot 681. Its western boundary is also probably part of the strip-field system around the village. Aerial photography does not show any early ridge and furrow within the plot, that visible to its eastern side probably being of later post medieval or modern origin. There are suggestions of later prehistoric or Romano-British settlement nearby.

The southern tip of the site approaches to within 15m of the Gd II* Listed Church of St Cuthbert, and the Gd II Lamond Cottage lies c.95m to its northwest. Kirk House farmhouse (Gd II) is 98m southeast of the southern tip of the plot.

The site is of at least local significance as the setting for the Church.

LPSA 683: Yew Tree Farm, Kirkby Lonsdale Road, Over Kellet

Whilst formerly part of the village's strip-field system, over two-thirds of this site are now occupied by modern agricultural buildings and accesses. No significant buried archaeological remains would be expected to survive.

The entrance to this site runs through the Conservation Area here, but the majority of the plot lies outside it. It also runs adjacent to the Gd II Listed Yew Tree Farmhouse and there may need to be special protection from construction traffic as well as other mitigation works. Other Gd II Listed buildings along Kirkby Lonsdale Road, such as Old Hall 105m to the southwest, may have some views of the development plot, but impacts on their settings are likely to be minimised by the presence of other intervening structures.

This site is considered to be of negligible archaeological significance.

The impact on Yew Tree Farmhouse should be assessed and consideration given to protection and traffic management (at least during construction). No other heritage works are likely to be necessary.

LPSA 702: Land south of Eagle's Head pub, Nether Kellet Road, Over Kellet

Part residential curtilage but mainly agricultural land, this plot appears to represent part of the strip- field system to the south of the village centre. The northern part of the plot may also have been occupied by 'croft and toft' plots. The rear areas of such plots were often used to dispose of rubbish in pits, but may also have been occupied by barns, stables and other outbuildings. There is considered to be some probability for buried medieval remains of such activity to exist in this northern part of the site – some later medieval finds have been reported from the area by metal- detector users.

The northern part of this plot falls into the Over Kellet Conservation Area. The adjacent Eagle's Head is Listed Gd II, as is Lamond Cottage, just under 40m to the east. The site forms the wider setting for the Gd II Brookside and Brookside Cottage, c. 55m to the west and the same may be true of the Gd II Beech House on the north side of Nether Kellet Road opposite them. Other Listed Buildings within the village will probably not be significantly impacted by development here due to distance or intervening development.

The development site is considered to be of local archaeological significance.

LPSA 703: Old Hall Farm, Over Kellet

Part of this site is occupied by the buildings of Old Hall Farm, including two Listed Gd II barns. These Listed Buildings probably represent a renewal of medieval occupation of 'croft and toft' plots extending to the north and merging into the village's strip-field system. The rear areas of the croft plots were often used to dispose of rubbish in pits, but may also have been occupied by barns, stables and other outbuildings. On this site modern farm development may well have masked, if nor removed, such evidence and the probability of its survival is much reduced. A polished stone axe of Neolithic date is reported to have been found near the southern end of the site. Whilst there is no reason to rule out early settlement here (mid- and later prehistoric finds and sites are known in the wider surroundings) single axes like this are widely scattered across the landscape and are not thought to be reliable indicators of contemporary settlement in the immediate vicinity.

The southern end of the site lies within the Over Kellet Conservation Area. There are a cluster of Listed Gd II building along the northern side of Kellet Road, including the barns noted above and Well House on Capernwray Lane, which will probably be impacted by development here.

The development site is considered to be of local archaeological significance.

LPSA 790: Land opposite Carus Park, Arkholme

This plot includes one of the few empty roadside areas in the linear village of Arkholme but includes a large divided mound (or pair of mounds) to the west of the house named 'Longbarrow', which has been suggested as a possible prehistoric burial monument. The roadside wall along this section and particularly the curved, indented, section, suggests that it may have been deliberately opened up to allow views from Carus House which formerly stood opposite or was managed as part of the wider gardens of the former vicarage to the west. 19 th century OS mapping does not show any buildings within the plot but aerial photography shows that the pattern of 'croft and toft' plots or strip fields running back from Main Street continues through this development area. This could suggest that the mounds are of later, rather than earlier date.

The northern part of this site falls into the Arkholme Conservation Area. The plot is adjacent to the Gd II Listed Buildings of Brunt Hill, Cross House, Cort House, Cawood House and Lune Cottage, and may be visible from other Gd II buildings at this end of the village. It is only 95m from the Gd II* parish church and 115m from the Scheduled Motte in the churchyard.

The site is of at least local significance, but if the mounds are of prehistoric origin it may be of national importance.

A heritage statement, including the results of a programme of desk-based assessment, earthwork survey, geophysics and trial trenching, will need to be submitted with any planning application.

LPSA 792: Land west of Goss Farm, Arkholme

As with the other proposed development plots at Arkholme, this site is within the strip-field system that runs north and south from the linear village. The section closest to the road is likely to have been occupied as 'croft and toft' plots. The rear areas of such croft plots were often used to dispose of rubbish in pits, but may also have been occupied by barns, stables and other outbuildings. There is considered to be some probability for buried medieval remains of such activity to exist in the southern half of the site. The OS 1:10,560 mapping of 1847 shows a building alongside the road in this plot, which may have been demolished to improve the sight-line from the access to Goss Park and Highfield (extant in the 1960s).

The southern part of this site falls into the Arkholme Conservation Area. The closest Listed Buildings are the Gd II Willow Cottage and Pool House on the opposite (south) side of Main Street, and the adjacent Gd II Goss House. Other nearby Listed buildings may also have some views of the development area.

The development site is considered to be of local archaeological significance.

A formal heritage statement should accompany any planning proposal for the site and this will need to take particular care to consider the impact on the nearby Listed Buildings and the linear layout of the historic village. Archaeological investigations of the potential buried remains and any other impact mitigation works can however be made a condition of any planning consent granted.

LPSA 793: Land east of Scotland Road, Carnforth

A large greenfield plot between the railway to Wennington and the River Keer. Ridge and furrow earthworks are recorded within this plot, as are a gravel pit and the findspot of a possible Roman cooking pot fragment. A small number of other finds are reported from the area, including a medieval skillet, perhaps casting doubt on the Roman date of the other cooking pot find. A watermill is supposed to have stood at Keer Bridge, just to the north of the site and a number of (undated) skeletons were found alongside the A6 a little to the north of that in 1931. To the south side of the site are the former Midland railway Sheds, constructed in 1867 and now in use as industrial units. Finally, the line of a suggested Roman road runs through the plot, but there is little evidence to confirm its line or even existence.

There are no Listed Buildings close to the development plot which may be impacted by development here.

The development site is considered to be of local archaeological significance.

A formal heritage statement should accompany any planning proposal for the site and should include the results of a desk-based and walk-over survey. Archaeological investigations and any mitigation works can however be made a condition of any planning consent granted.

LPSA 794: Land off Kellet Road, Carnforth

This site lies on the east side of the Lancaster Canal, north of 23 Kellet Road. Extensive gravel digging took place here, as shown on the OS 1848 and 1891 mapping. As such no earlier archaeological remains are likely to survive here.

The Carnforth Conservation Area extends to the western bank of the Lancaster Canal at this point, and includes the Kellet Road bridge. It does not, however, extend into the development plot. The closest Listed Buildings are the Gd II Hodgson's Bridge, 90m to the northeast, and The Shovel Inn, 55m to the northwest. Whilst the adjacent Lancaster Canal is itself unlisted, it is of some heritage significance and its setting should be considered as part of any development scheme.

This site is of negligible archaeological significance, but the setting of the Lancaster Canal is of landscape importance.

No further archaeological investigation is considered necessary, but a heritage statement assessing the impact of development on the canal etc. should accompany any planning application.

LPSA795: Land south of Rydal Road, Bolton-le-Sands

This is a greenfield site to the south of the present village edge. It lies in the remnant ends of some east-west strip fields running out from the village centre which have been successively truncated by the Lancaster Canal and then the Bye-Pass Road. There are no known archaeological sites in or immediately adjacent to the site. Whist there is a possibility that as-yet unknown sites exist, the probability cannot be said to be high and no investigation work appears to be justified.

The closest Listed Buildings are Bolton Church Bridge and No. 7 Town End, both Gd II and both c.150m from the development plot, and the Gd II* Holy trinity Church is c.180m from the plot edge. Intervening housing means that these sites are unlikely to be affected by development on this plot.

The site is of negligible archaeological significance.

No further archaeological investigation is considered necessary.

LPSA 796: Land to the south of Dolphinholme Village, off Anyon Lane, Dolphinholme

This is an area of improved pasture extending some distance to the west of the present village, towards the Fleece Hotel. Only limited archaeological work has been undertaken in this area and no archaeological sites are recorded within the plot. The line of the road to Street, along the southwest side of the plot, is the generally accepted line of the Roman road from Ribchester to Lancaster, and this lane is annotated 'Ancient Causeway' on the OS 1:10,560 mapping of 1846-48. A new line to the south for the Roman road has, however, been suggested recently and it may be that this is a later route (albeit at least medieval in origin). There is a small scatter of prehistoric and later sites across the wider area, and it is possible that there is as-yet unknown archaeological material on this plot, but the probability of this seems low.

The closest Listed Building to the plot is the Gd II Fleece Hotel, which stands at its western end. Further Gd II buildings lie 200-250m to the east, within the village; their rear aspects overlook the plot.

The site is considered to be of local archaeological significance only.

A formal heritage statement should accompany any planning proposal for the site and should include an assessment of the impact on the Listed Buildings as well as a walk-over survey. Any archaeological investigations and mitigation works can however be made a condition of any planning consent granted.

LPSA 797: Land adjoining Laytham House, Dolphinholme

An area of improved pasture to the west of the present village but not extending as far in this direction as the 'traditional' line of the Roman road (see however Site 796: Land to the south of Dolphinholme Village, off Anyon Lane, Dolphinholme) or the Fleece Hotel, both of which lie some 350m to the southwest. Laytham House itself is dated 1812 and was formerly Listed at Gd III until the abolition of this grade. Only limited archaeological work has been undertaken in this area and no archaeological sites are recorded within the plot. There is a small scatter of prehistoric and later sites across the wider area and it is possible that there is as-yet unknown archaeological material on this plot, but the probability of this seems low.

The closest Listed Buildings to the plot are the Gd II Corless Cottages, which are some 240m to the east. As noted above the Gd II Fleece Hotel stands 350m to the southwest.

The site is considered to be of local archaeological significance only.

A formal heritage statement should accompany any planning proposal for the site and should include a desk-based and walk-over survey. Any archaeological investigations and mitigation works can however be made a condition of any planning consent granted.

LPSA 799: Land at Home Farm, Ellel

This site comprises a large area of farmland with some woodland blocks, south of the canal branch to Glasson Dock and north of Ellel Grange, and including land both east and west of the Lancaster Canal. The area is crossed by the 'traditional' line of a main north-south Roman road, although recent research has suggested that an alternative line some distance to the west may have been followed. The Grange was a former medieval centre (but not the 'manor house') belonging to the monks of Cockersand Abbey, and was named in 1329 and 1340. After the Dissolution the estate was held by the Holt family but by the 17 th century was the property of the Preston family, then considered the 'principal residents' of the parish. The OS 1848 1:10,560 mapping shows a building labelled 'Ellel Grange' to have been sited close to the present Home Farm and a significant portion of the development area is shaded as its associated 'demesne' land. This building was demolished in 1857, when the present Grange was built for William Preston. The development site (and 'demesne') is crossed by the route of the North West Ethylene Pipeline and field-walking in advance of pipeline construction identified a cluster of medieval and post medieval earthworks within the site, perhaps preserved by the use of the land here as a park to the hall.

Lying c.15m east of the southern tip of the development area, the former Church of St Mary is Listed Gd II*, with the adjacent Preston family mausoleum (less than 10m from the development plot boundary) being Gd II. The 1857 Grange building and an associated service block, lying 25 and 20m respectively outside the south side of the development area, are also Listed Gd II. The northern boundary of the area is formed by the Glasson branch of the Lancaster Canal and incorporates a series of locks and bridges along this boundary, which are Listed Gd II. The main line of the canal actually runs through the development site and Double Bridge and Ellel Grange Bridge, also Gd II, fall within the plot. The canal lines themselves are not Listed but are of more than local significance and will need to be considered carefully during the design of any development proposals.

The site is considered to be of regional significance overall.

A formal heritage statement should accompany any planning proposal for the site, which should include the results of a desk-based study and walk-over survey and an assessment of the significance of any designed landscape features impacted. Any proposals which would impact the site of the original grange or suspected medieval features should also be subject to field investigations and the results of that work provided with the heritage statement before a planning decision is reached. Further archaeological investigations, topographical survey, mitigation excavation and building recording can however be made a condition of any planning consent granted.

LPSA 800: land associated with Old Hall Farm, Over Kellet

This plot overlaps site 703 (Old Hall Farm, Over Kellet). Unlike that site however, it does not include the historic buildings of the farm, although the access through to the village green runs adjacent to one of its Listed Gd II barns. The Listed Buildings of the farm probably represent the most recent

26 structures on the southern end of 'croft and toft' plots extending to the north and merging into the village's strip-field system, earthwork remains of which have been identified within the plot on aerial photography. The rear areas of the croft plots were often used to dispose of rubbish in pits, but may also have been occupied by barns, stables and other outbuildings, and there is a possibility that such remains will survive in the section of the plot to the rear of Green Close. A polished stone axe of Neolithic date is reported to have been found near the southern end of the site. Whilst there is no reason to rule out early settlement here (mid- and later prehistoric finds and sites are known in the wider surroundings) single axes like this are widely scattered across the landscape and are not thought to be reliable indicators of contemporary settlement in the immediate vicinity.

The southern end of the site lies within the Over Kellet Conservation Area. The closest Listed Building to the plot is, as noted above, a Gd II barn at Old Hall Farm which may be impacted by increased traffic and may need specific protection during the construction process and other impact mitigation if this access is used for vehicles. The Gd II Well House on Capernwray Lane also stands immediately adjacent to the development plot and may well be impacted. Other Listed Buildings along the northern side of Kellet Road could be impacted by the proposals, although the present modern farm buildings at Old Hall currently provide screening.

The development site is considered to be of local archaeological significance.

A formal heritage statement should accompany any planning proposal for the site and this will need to take care to consider the impact on the nearby Listed Buildings. Archaeological investigations of the potential buried remains and any other impact mitigation works can however be made a condition of any planning consent granted.

LPSA 801: Land off Chapel Lane, Galgate

This site is a block of farmland immediately north of the early 20 th century Church of St John, Galgate. There are no known heritage assets recorded within the development site, but the flanking Chapel Lane and Langshaw Lane are probably of medieval or earlier origin, and both prehistoric and Romano-British sites are known in the wider area. There is some potential for as-yet unknown buried archaeological remains to exist here, but the probability of this is probably low.

The adjacent Church of St John is Listed Gd II, as is Ellel House, a few metres south of the church. Galgate Silk Mills are also Gd II and lie c. 120m to the southwest of the development site.

The site is considered to be of local archaeological significance.

A formal heritage statement should accompany any planning proposal for the site, setting out the potential impact on buried archaeology and the impact of the development on the setting of the adjacent Listed buildings, but archaeological investigations of the potential buried remains can be made a condition of any planning consent granted.

LPSA 802: Land north of Kellet Road, Carnforth

This site is an area of farmland enclosed by the M6, the A601(M) and the B6254. It lies on the opposite side of the M6 to the Carnforth Business Park which was subject to archaeological survey and trial trenching in 2011, mainly as a response to the suspected potential for later prehistoric to medieval activity in this area. No features of early date were, however, recovered during that

27 investigation (although this was hindered by the presence of overhead power lines). What appear to be former medieval strip fields survive to the immediate east of the site, and mapping of the 1840s suggest that they originally extended into the development site. Aerial photography would suggest that the site has not been extensively affected by the construction of the Lancaster Bypass in the 1960s (now the M6) or the subsequent works to form the extension of the motorway to the north and the associated junction and slip roads.

There are no Listed buildings in the vicinity of the development area whose setting could be affected by construction here.

The site is considered to be of Local archaeological significance.

A heritage statement setting out the potential impact on buried archaeology should accompany any planning application. Archaeological field investigation can however be made a condition of any planning consent granted.

LPSA 803: Land at Denny Bank, Main Street, Arkholme

As with the other proposed development plots at Arkholme, this site is within the strip-field system that runs north and south from the linear village. The section closest to the road is likely to have been occupied as 'croft and toft' plots. The rear areas of such croft plots were often used to dispose of rubbish in pits, but may also have been occupied by barns, stables and other outbuildings. Whilst the southernmost end of this plot is occupied by a building, there is considered to be some probability for buried remains of such activity to exist in the southern half of the site. The OS 1:10,560 mapping of 1847 and the 1891 1:2,500 sheet show the outline of the extant building alongside the road in this plot, but its date has not been directly confirmed and it has been converted/modernised in recent years.

The southern part of this site falls into the Arkholme Conservation Area. The closest Listed Building is the Gd II School House, 25m to the east, and then the Gd II Willow Cottage and Undercroft on the opposite (southwest) side of Main Street. Pool House to the southeast and Goss House to the east (both also Gd II) are c. 65 and 80m away respectively. Other nearby Listed buildings in the village may also have some views of part of the development area.

The development site is considered to be of local archaeological significance.

LPSA 804: Land at Oxcliffe Marsh, Morecambe

This site comprises an area of reclaimed saltmarsh between the River Lune and the A683road. The OS 1:10,560 mapping of 1848 shows that its northwest boundary lies on the former high water mark for spring tides and that it is situated in a 'pocket' of marsh north of a drumlin, on which stand Oxcliffe Hall and two other large buildings annotated 'Oxcliffe Hill'. It is possible, given the shape of the marsh and river here, that the area may have been used in early times to shelter ships or boats, but by 1848 the marsh was substantial and stable enough to be crossed by roads and to have fixed

28 bridges over the various streams running through it. Modern aerial photography still shows substantial traces of those former water channels, and suggest that it has not been heavily improved since its enclosure in the later part of the 20 th century. There is some potential for the presence of buried 18 th century and earlier ship remains, but the probability of them existing is fairly low.

The adjacent Oxcliffe Hall is Listed Gd II and proposals for this site should take impact on its setting into account.

The site is considered to be of local archaeological significance.

A heritage statement assessing the impact of the proposals on the setting of Oxcliffe Hall should accompany any planning application. Archaeological investigations of the potential buried remains can be made a condition of any planning consent granted.

LPSA 807: Land between Ashton Road and the Lancaster Canal, east of Ashton Park, Lancaster

This is a very substantial area of farmland, including the small Tarnwater hamlet and Crane Wood. Important prehistoric and Roman finds have been made on and immediately adjacent to the development plot, and a series of earthworks identified, some of which may be of early date. Recent research, particularly of LiDAR data, has strongly suggested that the main Roman road into Lancaster from the south takes a route further west than the 'traditional' line and crosses the development plot diagonally just east of Crane Wood. An earthwork bank running through this wood has been suggested as a possible surviving section of boundary to Ashton Deer Park, which may date from the 14 th century, and there are also suggestions of kiln and quarry sites.

The three bridges over the Lancaster Canal which fall on the eastern edge of the development plot are all Listed Gd II. Ashton Hall, less than 250m from the west edge of the plot includes two Gd II* buildings and a cluster of Gd II structures. These include the formerly-Scheduled medieval defended tower house which now forms part of the Golf and Country Club premises. Whilst the latter are set back from the road and lie behind a woodland belt, there is some limited potential for impact by development here. Consideration also needs to be given to potential impacts on what may well be considered 'Curtilage Listed' structures, such as the entrance gateway and park walls.

This site is considered to be of regional archaeological significance.

A full assessment of this site will be necessary, including desk-based assessment, walk-over survey, geophysical survey and trial excavation. As part of the geophysical survey it may also be sensible to consider an archaeologically-managed metal-detector survey, undertaken by experienced users. The results of this assessment work should be included in the heritage statement which is submitted with any development proposals.

LPSA 810: Land adjacent to imperial Road, Middleton

This is an area of agricultural land to the southwest of the junction between A683and Imperial Road. A geophysical survey and trial trenching exercise on a proposed wind turbine base in 2013 revealed some evidence for a former field boundary just to the southeast of the development plot. In 2016 a 'strip, map and sample' exercise in the centre of the development plot (for a construction camp required for an underground power cable scheme) revealed a series of natural palaeochannels and irregular peat-filled features, indicative of previous wetland environments as well as modern

29 agricultural features, but otherwise no archaeological features or deposits. There remains some archaeological potential on the higher (and thus drier) eastern side of the plot, as suggested by aerial photography, but in the lower western half of the development plot it seems probable that no anthropogenic remains will exist.

No Listed Buildings would be impacted by development on this plot, the closest being over 600m away.

The eastern side of the site is considered to have local archaeological significance, but the western half has negligible significance.

A heritage statement should accompany any planning application. Archaeological investigations of the potential buried remains can however be made a condition of any planning consent granted.

LPSA 811: Lansil Golf Course, Lancaster

This site lies to the east of Caton Road, Lancaster, and includes a larger block of the Golf Course and the smaller block (divided from the larger by the Lancaster Canal) of the Lansil Sports and Social Club building, car park and bowling greens, etc. The landforms appear to be drumlins and second terrace deposits. The plot represents a small section of proposed Housing Allocation SA08 (Cuckoo Farm and Ridge Farm). A Romano-British farmstead, recently damaged by works associated with the Bay Gateway and Park and Ride facility construction, lies immediately to the north of the north-eastern end of the plot whilst to the south of this is the site of Dolphinlee, a farmstead noted in the 13 th century but demolished in the 20th. As noted above the two blocks of the site are divided by the 1797 Lancaster Canal, which runs through the south end of the site before turning to cross the Lune Aqueduct. At the turn the site of a 'cinder oven' – perhaps a coke kiln or lime kiln – is noted in 1848. Landscaping and drainage works for the golf course will have damaged any archaeological sites within its footprint but it is still possible that buried remains will still survive there. The small plot which includes the sports and social club buildings and facilities is likely to have been so disturbed by their construction that no significant remains are likely to survive.

Dolphinlee Canal Bridge, at the south end of the plot is Listed Gd II. A second Gd II structure, the Newton Beck culvert, lies c.130m to the south, but is unlikely to be impacted by development on this plot. It is possible that development here will have some impact on the setting of the Gd I Lune Aqueduct, although as it stands nearly 300m to the northwest this impact is likely to be low. The Lancaster Canal itself, whilst not Listed per se , is a heritage asset of more than local significance and impacts on its setting by development will need to be considered.

The plot is considered to be of negligible significance (the section between the Canal and Caton Road) to County significance (the northeast corner close to the Romano-British farmstead and Dolphinlee).

A formal heritage statement will need to be included with any planning application for this site, which includes the results of both a desk-based assessment and a walk-over survey. Archaeological field investigations of the potential buried remains or any mitigation works required can however be made a condition of any planning consent granted.

LPSA 812: Land east of A6, Carnforth

This plot is situated to the northeast of the town centre, and slopes down from North Road to the railway and Scotland Road. There are some pre-1848 field boundaries running down the hillside but no other known heritage assets within the plot. The slope and the northwest aspect of the plot would suggest that potential for early settlement (and thus as-yet unidentified buried remains) is limited.

The closest Listed Buildings are on the north side of North Road; Hodgson's Croft (25m south of the plot ) and Hall Gowan (129 North Road, 20m from the closest part of the plot), both of whose rear aspects will look out over the development.

This site appears to be of negligible archaeological significance.

No archaeological work is required on this plot, although impacts on the Listed Buildings should be considered.

LPSA 813: Land at Spring Bank, Ellel

This plot lies between Green Lane/Hazelrigg Lane and the M6, just south of the Lancaster University campus. Whilst there are no known heritage assets within the plot, it has not been examined in any detail and it is not far from the Romano-British settlement site found during the construction of the new section of Hazelrigg Lane down to the A6. To the east of the site a possible kiln site and a number of enclosures were identified during field investigations, whilst to the west a number of medieval boundaries and later features are known. It would appear that the site has some archaeological potential.

The closest Listed Building is the Gd II farmhouse at Barker House Farm, some 240m to the northwest. This is now subsumed into the modern campus extension and thus not sensitive to development on this plot. The stile from the road and the sundial (both Gd II) at the graveyard and site of the medieval chapel of St John, off Green Lane, lie some 350m to the south and may have a view of the development plot, but the intervening distance will limit any impact on the setting of these monuments.

The site is considered to be of local to county significance.

LPSA 814: Land at Barrow Greaves, Ellel

This plot lies east of the M6 and south of Hazelrigg Lane and includes the Barrow Greaves Farmstead, which was extant in 1848. The placename might suggest the presence of early burial mounds, but it may simply reflect the topography here. A kidney-shaped enclosure with internal features has been noted on aerial photography within the development plot, and further enclosures and a possible kiln site were noted during field investigation to the north.

There are no Listed Buildings or other designated heritage assets close enough to the plot to be significantly impacted by development here.

This plot is considered to be of county significance.

A full assessment of this plot will be necessary, including desk-based assessment, walk-over survey, geophysical survey and trial excavation. The results of this assessment work should be included in the heritage statement which is submitted with any development proposals.

LPSA 815: land southwest of Bailrigg Lane, Bailrigg

This triangular plot lies on the west side of the Bailrigg hamlet, immediately north of the Lancaster University grounds. No heritage sites are known to lie within it, but it is close to the designed landscape by Ernest Miller and Thomas Mawson which form the grounds of Bailrigg House. Whilst partially masked by adjacent woodland, the development plot probably falls into a designed vista from the house and gardens, framed between woodland blocks.

The Gd II Bailrigg House is some 165m to the south of the site and the Listed Gd II Bailrigg Farmhouse is c.195 m to the east.

The site is considered to be of low archaeological significance, but of local landscape significance.

The heritage statement which accompanies any planning application should carefully examine and address any potential impact on the setting of and vistas from Bailrigg House and its grounds.

LPSA 816: Land north of Annandale, Bailrigg Lane, Bailrigg

This is a small infill plot behind existing modern buildings at Bailrigg. It is not known to have any archaeological potential.

The plot lies a short distance to the north of the Gd II Bailrigg Farmhouse, but any impact on its setting will be reduced by the extant intervening development.

This site appears to be of negligible archaeological significance.

No archaeological work is required on this plot.

LPSA 817: Land east of Chapel Lane, Galgate

This plot forms a strip alongside Chapel Lane, in a break in the ribbon development here. It appears to include the route of the mill race which fed the Galgate silk mills and which may be of 18 th century origin. Chapel Lane itself is probably of medieval or earlier origin, and both prehistoric and Romano- British sites lie in the wider area. There is some potential for as-yet unknown buried archaeological remains to exist here, but the probability of this is low.

On the opposite side of Chapel Lane the Church of St John is Listed Gd II, as is Ellel House just to the south of the church. Galgate Silk Mills are also Gd II and lie only 50m to the southwest of the development plot.

The plot is considered to be of local archaeological significance.

It would be preferable if the line of the former mill race could be preserved as part of any development here (and water rights may belong to the owners of the Silk Mill site). A formal

32 heritage statement will need to be included with any planning application for this site, which includes the results of both a desk-based assessment and a walk-over survey. Archaeological field investigations of the potential buried remains or any mitigation works required can however be made a condition of any planning consent granted.

LPSA 818: Land north of Langshaw Lane, Ellel

There are no known heritage sites within the plot but Chapel Lane and Langshaw Lane are probably of medieval or earlier origin, and both prehistoric and Romano-British sites lie in the wider area. The adjacent Sill House has an early 18 th century datestone but is unlisted. There is some potential for as-yet unknown buried archaeological remains to exist here, but the probability of this is low.

The Church of St John is Listed Gd II and lies c.100m to the southwest of the development plot. Ellel House is also Gd II but lies directly behind the church from this development plot.

The plot is considered to be of local archaeological significance.