DOCSLIB.ORG

Report on the Model of the Inner City Youth at Risk Project Social Policy Research Centre Report Series

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Report on the Model of the Inner City Youth at Risk Project Social Policy Research Centre Report Series Report on the Model of the Inner City Youth at Risk Project Social Policy Research Centre Report Series Never Stand Still Arts Social Sciences Social Policy Research Centre Jane Bullen kylie valentine Prepared for: South Eastern Sydney Local Health District March 2015 Research Team – Social Policy Research Centre, UNSW Australia Jane Bullen kylie valentine For further information Jane Bullen, Social Policy Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney NSW 2052 T: (02) 9385 7800, E: [email protected] © UNSW Australia 2015 ISSN: 1446-4179 ISBN: 978-1-925218-30-5 SPRC Report 2/2015 Suggested Citation Bullen, J. and valentine, k. (2015). Report on the Model of the Inner City Youth at Risk Project for South Eastern Sydney Local Health District. Sydney: Social Policy Research Centre, UNSW Australia. Contents Executive Summary .............................................................................................................. 1 1. Introduction .................................................................................................................... 3 1.1 Method ..................................................................................................................... 3 2. How it works ................................................................................................................... 4 2.1 Structure .................................................................................................................. 5 2.2 Strategies and activities ........................................................................................... 7 2.2.1 Joint outreach sweeps and data collection .................................................. 7 2.2.2 Brokerage funding ....................................................................................... 8 2.2.3 Coordinated case management .................................................................. 10 2.2.4 Long term supported housing ..................................................................... 11 2.2.5 Sector development initiatives ...................................................................... 11 3. Replicating the Inner City Youth at Risk model .......................................................... 13 3.1 Essential elements ................................................................................................... 13 3.2 Key principles .......................................................................................................... 13 3.3 The service environment .......................................................................................... 14 3.4 The coordinator position .......................................................................................... 14 3.5 Establishing committees and partnerships ............................................................. 14 3.6 Operational, financial and sustainability issues of the service model .................... 15 4. Client journeys and outcomes ..................................................................................... 16 4.1.1 Case Studies ................................................................................................ 16 5. Appendix A: ICYAR Partnership Agencies and Terms of Reference ........................ 19 6. Appendix B: Project documentation ............................................................................ 22 6.1 Project Coordinator position description ................................................................. 22 6.2 Sweeps data collection form ................................................................................... 23 6.3 Brokerage protocols ................................................................................................ 24 6.4 Entry assessment for Supported Housing Packages .............................................. 29 7. Appendix C: History and features of the project ........................................................ 31 7.1 Experiences of participating agencies ................................................................... 32 7.2 Financial implications of participation for partners ................................................. 32 7.3 Strengths of the model and opportunities for improvement .................................... 33 8. Appendix D: Findings from the literature review ........................................................ 34 8.1 Young people at risk in the Kings Cross and inner city area ................................... 34 8.2 Needs of youth at risk .............................................................................................. 34 8.3 Service responses ................................................................................................... 35 8.4 Service fragmentation: a barrier to service utilisation ............................................. 36 8.5 The potential of multi-agency working to address fragmentation ........................... 36 8.6 Models of integrated services for young people at risk of homelessness .............. 37 8.7 Barriers and facilitators to effective integrated service delivery ............................. 38 8.8 Key findings and implications of the literature review ............................................. 39 9. References ..................................................................................................................... 40 Social Policy Research Centre Report i Report on the Model of the Inner City Youth at Risk Project Executive Summary The Inner City Youth at Risk (ICYAR) project Findings from the literature was a partnership project which was managed The literature indicates that young people by South Eastern Sydney Local Health District who become homeless often have high (SESLHD) Child, Youth, Women and Families support needs, with coexisting emotional and Health portfolio. This portfolio provides strategic behavioural issues, substance abuse and leadership for local services in children’s health, physical health problems. The review also found early parenting, youth health, women’s health, several characteristics of effective models of homelessness health, domestic violence, and integrated service delivery for young people with the health needs of families. The project drew very high support needs. together 21 government and non-government organisations to target and respond to During interviews conducted for this project, young people (12-25 years) experiencing stakeholders indicated that the ICYAR model homelessness and/or risk of homelessness in has these characteristics, including strong leadership, clear lines of responsibility, effective the inner city. communication, strong planning and monitoring This is the third report on the ICYAR project mechanisms, and good working relationships. written by researchers from the Social Policy Research Centre, UNSW. Previous research Key elements of the ICYAR service on the project outcomes found that the project was reaching its target group of highly model The key elements to the ICYAR structure are: disadvantaged young people. In the two year period from July 2010, 487 clients were provided • Steering Committee, which is responsible for with 1,145 instances of brokerage funding, and the overall project governance and providing during this time a high proportion of ICYAR high level strategic support to the project; clients experienced unstable accommodation • Outreach Coordination Committee, which and multiple presenting issues. While the project considers applications for brokerage funding is no longer funded, this report outlines the and enables an informal assessment and development and implementation of the ICYAR case coordination function; and service delivery model for replication in other • Project Coordinator position responsible for areas. maintaining and managing the partnership, This report draws on a review of the literature administering brokerage, supporting effective and interviews with ICYAR stakeholders. collaborations between diverse stakeholders, data collection and management To duplicate the successes of ICYAR, it is essential to ensure that the committees have effective membership and the coordinator has specific skills and expertise. The key ICYAR activities are outreach sweeps, brokerage funding, coordinated case management, long-term housing, and sector development activities. Social Policy Research Centre Report 1 Report on the Model of the Inner City Youth at Risk Project Outreach sweeps are conducted on a quarterly (HPV) vaccine; the development of a responsive basis to gather standardised data on the website with maps, phone numbers and other demographic characteristics and service use of information to assist young people to find young people in the areas. accommodation, health and other services; and Brokerage funding provides goods and services facilities tours that offer orientation training for to clients that would otherwise be unavailable. new staff in all the agencies. Brokerage is managed in four tiers: • Up to $500 can be provided to a partner Replicating the service model agency to meet a young person’s crisis/ The views of ICYAR stakeholders provide an emergency costs overview of key principles and steps to take in • Up to $5,000 can be used to support a case replicating the model elsewhere. plan for a young person receiving case management Key principles • Up to $35,000 is available to provide wrap • Utilise the existing service network around services to clients in high need supported housing tenancies case managed • The lead agency should not deliver
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Linda Scott for Sydney Strong, Local, Committed
    The South Sydney Herald is available online: www.southsydneyherald.com.au FREE printed edition every month to 21,000+ regular readers. VOLUME ONE NUMBER FORTY-NINE MAR’07 CIRCULATION 21,000 ALEXANDRIA BEACONSFIELD CHIPPENDALE DARLINGTON ERSKINEVILLE KINGS CROSS NEWTOWN REDFERN SURRY HILLS WATERLOO WOOLLOOMOOLOO ZETLAND RESTORE HUMAN RIGHTS BRING DAVID HICKS HOME New South Wales decides PROTEST AT 264 PITT STREET, CITY The South Sydney Herald gives you, as a two page insert, SUNDAY MARCH 25 ✓ information you need to know about your voting electorates. PAGES 8 & 13 More on PAGE 15 Water and housing: Labor and Greens Frank hits a high note - good news for live music? go toe to toe John Wardle Bill Birtles and Trevor Davies The live music scene in NSW is set to receive a new and much fairer regu- Heffron Labor incumbent Kristina latory system, after Planning Minister Keneally has denied that the State Frank Sartor and the Iemma Govern- government’s promised desalination ment implemented amendments to plant will cause road closures and the Local Government Act including extensive roadwork in Erskineville. a streamlined process to regulate Claims that the $1.9 billion desalina- entertainment in NSW and bring us tion plant at Kurnell will cause two more into line with other states. years of roadworks across Sydney’s Passed in the last week of Parlia- southern suburbs were first made by ment in November 2006, these the Daily Telegraph in February. reforms are “long overdue, and State government plans revealed extremely good news for the live that the 9 km pipeline needed to music industry” says Planning connect the city water tunnel with the Minister Frank Sartor.
    [Show full text]
  • Relaxing Retreats the Rocks Historic Land Sale Inner City Property
    Relaxing Retreats Issue 2, 2014 The Rocks Historic Land Sale TOP Rental Inner city property statistics Yields Best of summer: what’s on Sydney’s inner city guide 1895 Welcomet has been a huge year for the property This edition of our lifestyle guide is packed with market and for the Lifestyle Property the many exciting upcoming events and festivals Agency. With property sale prices still at an over summer. It guides you through what’s on Iall-time high, the Sydney real estate market offer in the inner city plus feature articles on the continues to surge. The rental market is as history of The Rocks, foreign investment, health buoyant as ever although we have seen the top retreats, key tips for investing in the city, exciting end of the rental market affected by the Living pub nights and many property related articles. Away from Home Allowance (LAFHA) reform. It also includes our regular guides on where to eat, drink and what to do. It has been almost two years since the government tightened LAFHA, essentially As the year draws to a close, the team at limiting tax concessions to employees Lifestyle Property Agency would like to wish maintaining a home in Australia. Since then, you a safe and happy holiday season. We look high-end rental properties in Sydney’s CBD forward to bringing you our next edition in 2015. have struggled to command the premium prices achieved prior to the legislative Enjoy! changes. Properties renting for $1800 – Carlie Ziri $4000 per week have been hit hardest and thankfully properties priced under Director, $1500 per week have been unaffected.
    [Show full text]
  • Christmas Survival Guide
    Christmas Survival 2020 Guide Lots of services will be closed over the Christmas period. Albion will be closed on the public holidays but open at most other times. With that in mind and given that the period can be one of high emo- tion (both good and bad), we thought we’d provide a “survival guide” to help you get through some of The Albion Centre the challenges that can arise. Clinic and Pharmacy Hours For many people Christmas and New Year is a time Thursday Dec 24th 2020 8.30am— for connecting with friends and family, partying, 1.00pm eating, shopping and engaging with their chosen Friday Dec 25th 2020 religion. CLOSED For some, especially those living with, or impacted by HIV, it can be a stressful time where we are re- Monday Dec 28th 2020 minded of our losses and our difference. CLOSED The following few pages will give some advice on Tuesday Dec 29th 2020 how to cope in Sydney over the festive period, with 9.00am—3.00pm advice on how to manage your HIV or PrEP, how to (Emergency Walk ins only) cope emotionally, and information on some free things to do. Wednesday Dec 30th 2020 9.00am—3.00pm (Emergency Walk ins only) Thursday Dec 31st 2020 CLOSED Friday Jan 1st 2021 CLOSED Monday Jan 4th 2021— Friday Jan 15th 2021 9.00am—5.00pm Regular clinic hours resume Monday Jan 18th 2021 © The Albion Centre 2020 Coping with COVID these holidays There’s no denying it, this year the holidays will be different.
    [Show full text]
  • Intersectoral Homelessness Health Strategy 2020-2025
    Achieving collective impact INTERSECTORAL HOMELESSNESS HEALTH STRATEGY 2020-2025 1 The Intersectoral Homelessness Health Strategy is a joint initiative of South Eastern Sydney Local Health, Sydney Local Health District, St Vincent’s Health Network, Central and Eastern Sydney Primary Health Network, Department of Communities and Justice - Sydney, South Eastern Sydney and Northern Sydney District and City of Sydney. Foreword Access to safe and secure housing Likewise, poor health and poor access to health care is a basic human right and critical can cause homelessness or make it difficult to sustain tenancies. This can take a variety of forms, such to health and wellbeing. as untreated mental illness causing disruption to tenancies, or chronic physical illness contributing to poverty and thus difficulty sustaining a tenancy. Homelessness is one of the most severe forms of disadvantage and social exclusion that a person can At present, people experiencing homelessness in experience, and reduces opportunities for educational, our region: social, recreation, cultural and economic participation (Steen, 2018). Improving outcomes for people • Have higher rates of chronic diseases and experiencing or at risk of homelessness is a priority multi-morbidities, including post-traumatic across all three levels of government. stress disorder; • Have poorer access to diagnosis, treatment At a national level the Australian Government and care; recognises that homelessness is an important issue and provides funding under the National Housing and • Have poorer access to primary and preventative Homelessness Agreement and through local agencies care; and including the Central and Eastern Sydney PHN. • Are at risk of being discharged to homelessness from health services. The NSW Government has an ambitious agenda for improving outcomes for people at risk of, or Together, our agencies share a commitment to experiencing, homelessness.
    [Show full text]
  • Theatre Australia Historical & Cultural Collections
    University of Wollongong Research Online Theatre Australia Historical & Cultural Collections 11-1977 Theatre Australia: Australia's magazine of the performing arts 2(6) November 1977 Robert Page Editor Lucy Wagner Editor Bruce Knappett Associate Editor Follow this and additional works at: https://ro.uow.edu.au/theatreaustralia Recommended Citation Page, Robert; Wagner, Lucy; and Knappett, Bruce, (1977), Theatre Australia: Australia's magazine of the performing arts 2(6) November 1977, Theatre Publications Ltd., New Lambton Heights, 66p. https://ro.uow.edu.au/theatreaustralia/14 Research Online is the open access institutional repository for the University of Wollongong. For further information contact the UOW Library: [email protected] Theatre Australia: Australia's magazine of the performing arts 2(6) November 1977 Description Contents: Departments 2 Comments 4 Quotes and Queries 5 Letters 6 Whispers, Rumours and Facts 62 Guide, Theatre, Opera, Dance 3 Spotlight Peter Hemmings Features 7 Tracks and Ways - Robin Ramsay talks to Theatre Australia 16 The Edgleys: A Theatre Family Raymond Stanley 22 Sydney’s Theatre - the Theatre Royal Ross Thorne 14 The Role of the Critic - Frances Kelly and Robert Page Playscript 41 Jack by Jim O’Neill Studyguide 10 Louis Esson Jess Wilkins Regional Theatre 12 The Armidale Experience Ray Omodei and Diana Sharpe Opera 53 Sydney Comes Second best David Gyger 18 The Two Macbeths David Gyger Ballet 58 Two Conservative Managements William Shoubridge Theatre Reviews 25 Western Australia King Edward the Second Long Day’s Journey into Night Of Mice and Men 28 South Australia Annie Get Your Gun HMS Pinafore City Sugar 31 A.C.T.
    [Show full text]
  • Alcohol-Related Crime in City of Sydney Local Government Area
    Anthony Shakeshaft, Stephanie Love & Elissa Wood Alcohol Related Crime in City of Sydney Local Government Area An Analysis for the Council of the City of Sydney NDARC Monograph No. 63 ALCOHOL-RELATED CRIME IN CITY OF SYDNEY LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA AN ANALYSIS FOR THE COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF SYDNEY Anthony Shakeshaft, Stephanie Love & Elissa Wood Monograph No 63 ISBN: 978-0-7334-3016-9 ©NATIONAL DRUG AND ALCOHOL RESEARCH CENTRE, UNIVERSITY OF NEW SOUTH WALES, SYDNEY, 2011 This work is copyright. You may download, display, print and reproduce this material in unaltered form only (retaining this notice) for your personal, non-commercial use or use within your organisation. All other rights are reserved. Requests and enquiries concerning reproduction and rights should be addressed to the information manager, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES ............................................................................................. v ABBREVIATIONS ....................................................................................................................... vi EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ......................................................................................................... vii 1. INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Setting the scene: the decision of the Land and Environment Court ....................... 1 1.2 Defining
    [Show full text]
  • Over 180 Organisations Urge Treasurer Frydenberg Not to Cut $56
    Media release – Melbourne, February Over 180 organisations urge Treasurer Frydenberg not to cut $56 million from homelessness services Homelessness services across the country, including domestic and family violence crisis accommodation services, are set to have over $56 million cut from their budgets by June 2021 unless the Federal Government agrees to fully fund services. Homelessness Australia Chair Jenny Smith says “In the last financial year, three in every four people using homelessness services were women and children, many of whom were fleeing family violence. “Cutting $56.7 million from homelessness services means there will be more than 500 fewer frontline workers. That will result in more women and children who are fleeing violence and who need help being turned away, putting them at risk of returning to violence or ending up on the street. “Last year, over 95,000 people missed out on getting support because the resources just weren’t there. Of the 260 people services had to tragically turn away each day, two-thirds of them were women and girls. Over 180 CEOs from front line homelessness services and other sector organisations have signed a joint letter to Treasurer Josh Frydenberg, calling on him to reinstate the scheduled budget cuts before the Federal Budget in May. Homelessness Australia Chair Jenny Smith says cutting funding for services just as demand soars is short sighted and heartless. “Homelessness services are already bracing for a huge rise in demand when the JobSeeker payment is drastically reduced at the end of March. Cutting service capacity right when more people will need support, is put simply, cruel,” Smith says.
    [Show full text]
  • Sustainable Neighbourhoods in Australia Raymond Charles Rauscher · Salim Momtaz
    Sustainable Neighbourhoods in Australia Raymond Charles Rauscher · Salim Momtaz Sustainable Neighbourhoods in Australia City of Sydney Urban Planning 1 3 Raymond Charles Rauscher Salim Momtaz University of Newcastle University of Newcastle Ourimbah, NSW Ourimbah, NSW Australia Australia ISBN 978-3-319-17571-3 ISBN 978-3-319-17572-0 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-17572-0 Library of Congress Control Number: 2015935216 Springer Cham Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Cover image: Woolloomooloo Square (Forbes St) developed from street closure (see Chapter 3 on Woolloomooloo).
    [Show full text]
  • Helping the Homeless Meeting
    The Laurels Reflections on Cambodia CD giveaway! Story – page 8 tHE rEVIEW – pages 11-14 NUMBER ONE HUNDRED AND FIVE JULY ’12 CIRCULATION 22,000 ALEXANDRIA BEACONSFIELD CHIPPENDALE DARLINGTON ERSKINEVILLE EVELEIGH GLEBE KINGS CROSS NEWTOWN PADDINGTON REDFERN SURRY HILLS WATERLOO WOOLLOOMOOLOO ZETLAND Rachel Forster site community Helping the homeless meeting Caroline PidCoCk THE REDFERN community is alive and kicking, and determined to ensure the inevitable redevelopment of the area is as good as it should be. A diverse group of neighbours, with wide-ranging skills and experience, gathered at Redfern Town Hall on the morning of Saturday June 16 to hear the consultants employed by the current developers of the Rachel Forster Hospital site talk about what they are planning to do. With virtually no reference to the existing buildings, the current proposal was compared to the plans approved under the Redfern-Waterloo Act of the previous NSW government. As there had been very little consultation with the community in the development of these plans, the comparison had little meaning. Diagrams outlining the existing buildings – which the community know well – would have enabled a much better understanding of what is intended. The consultants noted that the current plans generally complied with the Approval, with the “minor” exceptions of: An additional 9 apartments achieved through removing Mini Vinnies appeal for support Photos: Joe Dimech the crossover apartments (which enable good cross ventilation); The SSH supported by TAFE in a way that is Garden Shelter offers opportunities to acceptance on a daily basis. “Yesterday, removal of all 3 bedroom apartments totally immeasurable,” Cana’s Julie volunteers who help provide a space for I walked toward Wayside with a woman (which the consultants did not seem IF You’ve been feeling the cold Sneddon said.
    [Show full text]
  • Aspects of Secularized Religion Within the Tradition of New South Wales Methodism Since 1930 Winifred Lily Ward University of Wollongong
    University of Wollongong Research Online University of Wollongong Thesis Collection University of Wollongong Thesis Collections 1988 Aspects of secularized religion within the tradition of New South Wales Methodism since 1930 Winifred Lily Ward University of Wollongong Recommended Citation Ward, Winifred Lily, Aspects of secularized religion within the tradition of New South Wales Methodism since 1930, Doctor of Philosophy thesis, Department of History and Politics, University of Wollongong, 1988. http://ro.uow.edu.au/theses/1422 Research Online is the open access institutional repository for the University of Wollongong. For further information contact the UOW Library: [email protected] ASPECTS OF SECULARIZED RELIGION WITHIN THE TRADITION OF NEW SOUTH WALES METHODISM SINCE 1930 All things are intertwined, the one with the other, and sacred is the bond: there is practically nothing alien the one to the other, for all things have been marshalled in order and constitute the one Cosmos. For there is both one Cosmos of all things, and one God through all, and one Substance, and one Law, and one common Reason of intelligent beings, and one Truth. Marcus Aurelius ASPECTS OF SECULARIZED RELIGION WITHIN THE TRADITION OF NEW SOUTH WALES METHODISM SINCE 1930 A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY from THE UNIVERSITY OF WOLLONGONG by WINIFRED LILY WARD, B.A., (Hons., Wollongong) DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY AND POLITICS 1988 I hereby certify that the work embodied in this thesis is the result of original research and has not been submitted for a higher degree to any other university or institution.
    [Show full text]
  • Local Pedestrian Cycling and Traffic
    LOCAL PEDESTRIAN, CYCLING AND TRAFFIC CALMING COMMITTEE Meeting No 2013/09 Wednesday 16 October 2013 LOCAL PEDESTRIAN, CYCLING AND TRAFFIC CALMING COMMITTEE MINUTES 16 OCTOBER 2013 TABLE OF CONTENTS ITEM PAGE NO 1. APOLOGIES .......................................................................................................... 1 2. CONFIRMATION OF MINUTES OF MEETING 2013/08 HELD ON 18 SEPTEMBER 2013 ................................................................................................ 2 3. STREET EVENTS TEMPORARY ROAD CLOSURE – ABC REDFERN NOW ..................................................................................................................... 3 4. STREET EVENTS – WAYSIDE CHAPEL 50TH ANNIVERSARY CELEBRATION ..................................................................................................... 4 5. STREET EVENTS – WAYSIDE CHAPEL 50TH ANNIVERSARY DINNER ......... 5 6. STREET EVENTS – WAYSIDE CHAPEL CHRISTMAS DAY EVENT ................. 6 7. STREET EVENTS TEMPORARY ROAD CLOSURE – CHINESE NEW YEAR FESTIVAL TWILIGHT PARADE 2014 ....................................................... 7 8. ITEM FOR COMMITTEE INFORMATION – STREET EVENTS TEMPORARY ROAD CLOSURE – VARITY SANTA FUN RUN – PYRMONT AND DARLING HARBOUR................................................................ 8 9. STREET EVENT – TEMPORARY ROAD CLOSURE – SYDNEY TO THE GONG BIKE RIDE ................................................................................................. 9 10. MOBILE CRANES – TEMPORARY ROAD CLOSURES – DRUITT PLACE
    [Show full text]
  • A Twentieth-Century Aboriginal Family
    Chapter 7 Race relations, work and education, 1964 to 1968 I returned to Australia in 1964 to find Aboriginal issues in New South Wales very different from those I left behind. In South Australia bureaucrats identified Aborigines as being persons of ‘full-blood’, others of Aboriginal descent were regarded as ‘state wards’, mainly those who were living on southern reserves. Then there were those people of Aboriginal descent who were classified as non- Aborigines because they had been given a State government exemption from the Protection legislation. Persons holding an Exemption Certificate had what was known in common practice as a ‘dog tag’. And finally, there were those people of Aboriginal descent who refused to conform to government policy because they believed it would demean them as ‘honorary whites’ if they did so. The exemption system in New South Wales was more that of failed assimilation policies. Despite the government’s parsimony, there were benefits for some individuals. Although the Aborigines Protection Act 1909 (NSW) existed, the Welfare Board was not totally blind to the idea that urban life together with social conformity needed a measure of economic resources. There were no fringe benefits for education but there was for housing in city urban areas. On the downside Aborigines were not permitted to create organisations in opposition to government policies. However, some organisations deemed illegal under the Aborigines Protection Act 1909 (NSW) did exist but were not prosecuted. The Aborigines and their friends who ran these organisations were courageous and enlightened people. This chapter is not only about my re-education, but about race relations and how it shifted between racial politics and socialisation practice.
    [Show full text]