Sicily, Land of Wine Sicile, Terre Du Vin

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Sicily, Land of Wine Sicile, Terre Du Vin Sicily, land of wine Sicile, terre du vin ROBERTO ALAJMO BRUNO DONATI MARIO PINTAGRO Index/Sommaire Sicily, land of wine Sicile, terre du vin A history of wine in Sicily by Roberto Alajmo 6 Une histoire du vin en Sicile par Roberto Alajmo 7 Ministero delle Politiche Agricole Alimentari e Forestali Sicily Winexperience by Bruno Donati 30 L’expérience du vin en Sicile par Bruno Donati 31 Sicily, land of wine by Mario Pintagro 50 Regione Siciliana Assessorato Agricoluta e Foreste Sicile, terre du vin par Mario Pintagro 51 The wine routes/Les routes du vin 75 Istituto Regionale della Vite e del Vino via Libertà, 66 - 90143 Palermo tel. +39 091 6278111 fax +39 091 347870 www.vitevino.it • [email protected] © 2007 Gruppo Editoriale Kalós via Siracusa, 19 • 90141 Palermo tel. e fax +39 091 6262894 www.kalosonline.com • [email protected] Marketing Giorgio Flaccavento Coordination Valentina Alabiso Traduction/Translation Annie Brudo, Denis Gailor Illustrations Fondazione Banco di Sicilia (pp. 7-27) Photographies/Photographs Alfio Garozzo (pp. 50-87), Giuseppe Leone (pp. 30-49) Graphie et mise en pages/Graphics and pagination Valentina Puletto Impression et confection/Printing and packing Officine Grafiche Riunite Cosentino & Pezzino, Palermo En couverture: vignobles dans les Iles Eolie (Messine), photographie de Alfio Garozzo On the cover: vineyards in the Aeolian islands (Messina province), photograph by Alfio Garozzo A history of wine in Sicily Une histoire du vin en Sicile by Roberto Alajmo par Roberto Alajmo t is too bad for the amour-propre of us Sicilians, but the literary history of our ’en déplaise à l’amour-propre de wine starts with harsh implicit criticism by an authority. Implicit, but criticism: nous autres siciliens, l’histoire lit- Iand by an authority. It is in the ninth canto of the Odyssey, the canto of Ntéraire de notre vin commence Polyphemus. The Cyclops has already devoured some of Ulysses’ companions and par un implicite éreintement d’auteur. the Homeric hero, so as to get into his favour and deceive him, offers him some Implicite, mais éreintement quand même et wine that he has brought with him. Polyphemus shows he appreciates it: d’auteur de surcroît. Nous sommes au neu- vième chant de l’Odyssée, le chant de Stranger, Polyphème. Le cyclope a déjà dévoré be so kind as to give me some more, quelques compagnons d’Ulysse, et le héros and tell me your name at once. I want to make you homérique, pour gagner ses bonnes grâces et a present that you will be glad to have. le tromper, lui offre du vin qu’il a emporté We have wine even in this country, avec lui. Polyphème semble apprécier: for our soil grows grapes and the sun ripens them, but this drinks Donne-m’en encore, cher, et donne-moi promptement ton like nectar and ambrosia all in one. nom, afin que je te fasse un présent hospitalier dont tu te réjouisses. La terre féconde apporte aussi aux Cyclopes un Polyphemus realises that until then he has drunk a coarse wine, produced by vin généreux, et les pluies de Zeus font croître nos vignes; himself, and he asks Ulysses to give him some more of his. “Imported” wine, as we mais celui-ci est fait de nectar et d’ambroisie… would say today. Once it is clear that Sicily is concerned when the reference is to the land of the Cyclopes, this means that Homer in a few verses berates all Sicilian wine Glosons: Polyphème comprend d’avoir bu jusque là un vin grossier, celui qu’il production in his day. He does this in a crueller way than may appear at a superficial produit lui-même, et demande à Ulysse de lui donner encore de son vin. Vin “d’im- Gerard van Keulen, Nieuwe afteeke- reading, because Ulysses has taken the wine with him precisely with the intention of portation”, comme on dirait aujourd’hui. Vu que l’on parle de la Sicile quand on se Gerard van Keulen, Nieuwe afteeke- ning van het en Eyland en Koninkryk using it in that way. This is a sign that the bad reputation of Sicilian wine is well known réfère à la terre des Cyclopes, cela signifie qu’Homère, en quelques vers, éreinte ning van het en Eyland en Koninkryk Sicilia, copper etching, Amsterdam, Sicilia, gravure sur cuivre à l’eau- [1718]. at that time. As history was also to show, there were margins for improvement. toute la production vinicole sicilienne de son époque. Et de façon plus cruelle enco- forte, Amsterdam, [1718]. 6 7 Naturally, for a negative quotation of the re de ce qu’il peut apparaître à une lecture superficielle, car Ulysse avait emporté Matthäus Seutter, Siciliane Regnum cum adiacente insula Sardinia et kind, you can dig up many of the opposite avec soi ce vin dans l’intention de l’utiliser justement de cette façon. Signe que la maxima parte regni Neapolitani, gra- sign, but it is also true that in the case of mauvaise réputation du vin sicilien était connue, à cette époque. Comme l’histoire vure sur cuivre à l’eau-forte, Augusta, [1745]. Homer the signature and the context of the se chargera aussi de le démontrer, les marges d’amélioration existent. criticism have great weight. On the opposite Naturellement, pour une citation négative de ce genre, l’on peut en dénicher mille side we can quote the extolling of Sicilian wine autres de sens opposé, mais il n’en reste pas moins que dans le cas d’Homère, la signa- by Pliny the Elder, who in his Naturalis Historia ture et le contexte de l’éreintement sont de poids. En retour l’on peut citer l’exaltation points to Mamertine wine, produced in the du vin sicilien faite par Pline l’Ancien, qui dans son Naturalis Historia cite le vin Messina area. So the Homeric criticism is offset Mamertino, produit dans la province de Messine. De cette manière l’éreintement at least. Indeed, if we chose to count them, homérique est pour le moins contrebalancé. Et même, à vouloir les compter, il résulte surely we encounter a larger number of eulo- certainement un plus grand nombre de références élogieuses qui se croisent au cours gistic references with the passing of the cen- des siècles dans la littérature de tout le bassin méditerranéen. Mais ici il ne s’agit pas turies in the literature of the whole d’égrener de petits slogans publicitaires ou de doctes citations en faveur de la bonté, de Mediterranean area. But here it is not a matter la pureté et de la salubrité du vin sicilien. Admettons même que spécialement quand on of holding up little advertising phrases or cul- parle de vin, l’esprit de clocher est toujours très fort à toute latitude et à toute longitu- tured quotations supporting the goodness and de. Et l’on ne se sauve même pas avec la simple constatation qu’à chaque pays corres- naturalness and salubriousness of Sicilian wine. pond le propre vin, avec ses caractéristiques particulières, ses qualités et ses défauts. Il Let us also admit that, especially when wine is suffit de penser qu’il y a une nation au monde – une nation européenne, à vous de devi- involved, parochial attachment is always strong ner laquelle – où depuis que le vin est vin, l’on affirme de posséder toutes les conditions Matthäus Seutter, Siciliae Regnum at every latitude and longitude. Neither are we saved by the simple observation that climatiques et toutes les conditions territoriales pour produire toutes les qualités de vin cum adiacente insula Sardinia et maxi- every country has its own wine, with its peculiar characteristics, its merits and possibles et inimaginables. Les autres producteurs mondiaux n’ont plus qu’à se résigner. ma parte regni Neapolitani, copper etching, Augusta, [1745]. defects. One need only think that there is a nation in the world – a European nation, Plus modestement, la Sicile est partie de ce premier éreintement pour remon- and you can guess which one – where ever since wine has been wine people have ter la pente, non pas un peu à chaque fois, mais plutôt par à coups, avec des marches claimed to possess all the climatic conditions and all the territorial conditions to pro- arrière et des repentirs qui ont duré pendant des millénaires. Elle peut tout au moins duce all possible and imaginable qualities of wine. Let the other producers in the se vanter d’une primogéniture documentée sur le territoire national. Le terme vin, world resign themselves. jusqu’à preuve contraire, apparaît pour la première fois en Italie justement en Sicile, More modestly, Sicily started from that first criticism to climb back up the sur le couvercle d’un calice en terre cuite du cinquième siècle avant J.-C., retrouvé à slope, not even a bit at a time, but indeed in sharp tugs, with marches back and Centuripe, dans la province d’Enna. afterthoughts lasting millennia. If nothing else, it can boast a documented primo- Comme l’admet l’auteur de l’Odyssée, la vigne poussait sur l’Île spontanément, geniture, at least on the national territory. The term wine, until the opposite is et cela bien avant la colonisation grecque. Il est même probable que certains raisins 8 9 Jean Baptiste Nolin, L’Isle et Royaume considérés autochtones aient été plutôt introduits par les Phéniciens dans leur infa- Jean Baptiste Nolin, L’Isle et Royaume de Sicile faisant partie de la Monarchie de Sicile faisant partie de la d’Espagne en Italie, copper etching, tigable œuvre de navigation et d’entrelacement de rapports commerciaux d’une rive Monarchie d’Espagne en Italie, Paris, 1702.
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