Australian Cattle Genetics Export Standard and Quality Assurance Certification Process

AUSTRALIAN CATTLE GENETICS EXPORT STANDARD AND QUALITY ASSURANCE CERTIFICATION PROCESS

A DIVISION OF

Agricultural Business Research Institute

1 A DIVISION OF

Agricultural Business Research Institute

2 PARTICIPATING BREED ASSOCIATIONS

Belmont Red

Australian Nguni Breeders

3 CONTENTS

Introduction 5

1 Livestock Category Standards 6

2 Livestock Quality Assurance Inspection Standards 8 - Structural Soundness Quality Assurance Specification 9 - Export Breeding Certificate Examples 10 - Quality Assurance Certification Process 13

3 Individual Breed Specifications 14

4 Glossary of Terms 46

4 INTRODUCTION

The Australian Cattle Genetic Export Standards and Quality Assurance Certification Process of the standards that are detailed in this document are produced by the Australian Cattle Genetics Export Agency (ACGEA) a wholly owned subsidiary of the International Livestock Resources and Information Centre (ILRIC), a division of the Agricultural Business Research Institute (ABRI) on behalf of the European, British and Tropical breeds as detailed in the document.

The Standards have been endorsed by relevant industry peak bodies including the Australian Registered Cattle Breeders Association (ARCBA), Meat and Livestock Australia (MLA), the Australian Livestock Exporters Council (ALEC) and the Cattle Council of Australia (CCA). ILRIC also has as its members, 32 Australian Breed Associations.

All breeding animals exported under The Australian Cattle Genetics Export Standard and Quality Assurance Certification Process will be individually inspected and certified by accredited ILRIC Inspectors. The certification process is comprehensive and thorough. Animal identification and pedigree data will be individually verified and certified as correct and in all categories there will be individual animal inspections in accordance with the compliance standard for structural soundness within the Australian structural soundness quality assurance specifications. All animals will also be individually inspected to ensure that they are true to their breed type and comply with that breed’s strict phenotypic standard.

5 LIVESTOCK CATEGORY STANDARDS

We are pleased to offer the following Livestock Category Standards for Australian breeding cattle to meet all requirements for efficient, high quality beef production. 1 All animals complying with the Livestock Category Standards must have been inspected by an independent ILRIC export accredited inspector and comply with the Livestock Inspection Standards.

Category 1 Registered Purebred Stud Breeding Cattle

All Category 1 purebred stud cattle are registered with the relevant Australian breed association and have been quality assured and certified by an independent ILRIC accredited inspector to the compliance levels in this category and structural soundness specifications in this export standard document. Breeding: These high quality pedigree stud animals have been bred by registered purebred pedigree bulls and registered purebred pedigree cows. Recommended use: For the production of high quality bull’s for genetic improvement in beef producing herds and heifers which are used for further stud stock breeding. Compliance Standard: l Male or Female animal l Pedigree levels: 3 generation on both the sire and dam sides of the pedigree l Sire and dam registered in the Australian Breed Society Register l Uniquely identified by the Australian National Livestock Identification Scheme (NLIS) ear tag (compulsory) and/or a freeze brand, fire brand or ear tattoo l Export Certification including, month and year of birth, pedigree certification, animal identification verification, Breed True-to-Type phenotypic certification and individual structural soundness inspection certification

6 Category 2 Registered Purebred Breeding Cattle

Breeding: Cattle in this category are purebred and have been sired by registered purebred stud bulls in a single or multiple- sire mating group and their dam may be recorded. They have been quality assured and certified by an independent ILRIC accredited inspector to the compliance levels in this category and structural soundness specifications in this export standard document. Category 3 Unregistered Purebred Breeding Cattle Recommended use: The cattle are for the establishment of high quality herds Breeding: to produce highly productive heifers and steers suitable Cattle in this category are purebred and have been bred for feeding to produce high quality carcasses, and heifers from unregistered cows and sired by unregistered bulls. for further breeding. Recommended use: Compliance Standard: The cattle are for the establishment of breeding herds l Sired under single or multiple sire-mating conditions to produce steers for feeding to produce beef carcasses, using registered sires. and heifers for further breeding purposes. l A single sire or a maximum of 5 sires in the sire Compliance Standard: mating group. l Sire and Dam not registered in the Australian Breed l Uniquely identified by the Australian National Livestock Society Register. Identification Scheme (NLIS) ear tag (compulsory). l Uniquely identified by the Australian National Livestock l Export Certification including month and year of birth, Identification Scheme (NLIS) ear tag (compulsory). single or multiple Sire Mating group, identification l Export Certification showing breed True-to-type verification and certification, breed True-to-Type phenotypic verification and structural soundness phenotype verification and individual structural certification. soundness certification.

7 LIVESTOCK QUALITY 2 ASSURANCE INSPECTION STANDARDS

Identification Verification Structural Soundness All Category 1, 2 and 3 animals are to be individually inspected Verification to verify their identification and pedigree information. All animals from all Categories are to be individually inspected Category 2 and Category 3 animals are to be identified by their to ensure they meet the standards for acceptable mobility and NLIS tag only. structural soundness, as follows: Compliance Standards Compliance Standard Category 1: the animal’s NLIS ear tag, freeze brand, fire brand l Acceptable temperament. or ear tattoo must match the corresponding identifier in the l Acceptable condition and visual health to enable suitability animal’s registration record. for breeding. Category 2 and Category 3: the animals shall be identified by l Free from excessive warts, ring worm or pink eye scars. their NLIS tag. l Within the following Australian Structural Soundness NLIS tags are compulsory. Any additional identification Standards: requirements are to comply with individual breed association A. Front feet claw set: 4 - 7 Phenotypic Standards as specified in Section 3. B. Rear feet claw set: 4 - 7 True-to-Type Verification C. Front feet angle: 4 - 7 D. Rear feet angle: 4 - 7 All animals from all Categories are to be individually inspected E. Rear legs side view: 4 - 7 to ensure they comply with the breed associations Phenotypic F. Rear legs hind view: 4 - 7 Standards as specified in Section 3. G. Sheath Score: 1 - 3 Refer to next page

8 Structural Soundness Quality Assurance Specifications The following structural scoring descriptions are according to the Australian Cattle Genetics Export Standards Assessment System.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Front Feet Claw Set 1 - 9 Rear Feet Claw Set 1 - 9 1 - Open 1 - Open Divergent 5 - Good 5 - Good 9 - Exteme scissor claw 9 - Exteme scissor claw

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Front Feet Angle 1 - 9 Rear Feet Angle 1 - 9 1 - Steep (Stubbed Toe) 1 - Steep (Stubbed Toe) 5 - Good 5 - Good 9 - Shallow Heel 9 - Shallow Heel

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Rear Legs Side View 1 - 9 1 - Straight (Post Legged) 5 - Good 9 - Sickle Hocked

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Rear Legs Hind View 1 - 9 1 - Bow Legged 5 - Good 9 - Cow Hocked

Bos Taurus

1 2 3 4 5 Sheath Scores 1 - 5 1 - Extremely Clean/Tight to body 5 - Extremely Pendulous

Bos Indicus

9 Export BreedingAustralian CattleCertificate Genetics Export AgencyExamples Export Breeding Certificate Sample Export Breeding Certificate Category 1

Export Category: 1 RegisteredAustralian Purebred Cattle Genetics Stud Breeding Export Agency Cattle Export Breeding Certificate Breed: Breed ABC Exporter: Australian Exporter Registration Number: ABCH6109 Vessel: MV ABC National Livestock ID: MAKG0311XBH02819AustralianAustralian Cattle Cattle GeneticsShipment: Genetics ABCExport Export 123 Agency Agency Electronic ID: 982 123484552456 ExportExport Breeding Breeding Certificate CertificateBreed Standard: Visual Tag: O0001

Sex: This animal has been visually inspected and Male Export Category: 1 Born: 28/08/2012 conforms to the ACGEA Export Standards for Export Category:Registered 1 Registered Purebredidentification, Stud Purebred Breeding breed Stud Cattle type Breeding and structural Cattle conformation. Date of Issue: 29/10/2013 Breed: Hereford Breed: Breed ABC Exporter : XXXX XXXXExporter: Australian Exporter RegistrationRegistration Number : AEDX216 Number: ABCH6109 Vessel : XXXX XXXXVessel: MV ABC National Livestock ID: 3TFHDNDS9JENE543Export Category: 1 Registered Shipment: Purebred XXXX Stud Breeding Cattle ElectronicNational ID Livestock : 982 000006344735 ID: MAKG0311XBH02819 Shipment: ABC 123 Breed Standard: Visual Tag Electronic : X216 ID: 982 123484552456 This animal has been visually inspected and conforms Breed:ABCH6109Breed ABC - ABC BARTEL E7Exporter: H6109Australian ExporterBreed Standard: Sex Registration : Visual FemaleNumber: Tag: ABCH6109 O0001 Vessel: MV ABC to the ACGEA Export Standards for identification, Date of Birth : September 2002 Date of Issue: 10-07-2008 breed type and structural conformation. National Livestock ID:Sex:MAKG0311XBH02819Male Shipment:ThisABC animal 123 has been visually inspected and Electronic ID: 982 123484552456 conforms to the ACGEA Export Standards for Born: 28/08/2012 Breed Standard: Visual Tag: O0001USA7127 B/R NEW DIMENSION identification,7127 breed type and structural conformation. Sex: Male This animal has been visually inspected and Date of Issue: 29/10/2013 VTMB219Born: TE28/08/2012 MANIA BARTEL B219 (AI)conforms (ET) to the ACGEA Export Standards for VAA G1: ALLENDALEidentification, DAISY breed type X216 and structural conformation. Date of Issue: 29/10/2013VTMW85 TE MANIA JEDDA W85 (AI) (ET) ABCH6109 - ABC BARTEL E7 H6109 Sire: HIOE7 AYRVALE BARTEL E7 (AI) (ET) ABCH6109 - ABC BARTELGLEN E7 POUNDMAKER H6109 28U (HP) USA13880818 MYTTY IN FOCUS USA7127 B/R NEW DIMENSION 7127 DAVIS 28U FAIRPLAY 610F ET1 (P) BVVB32 EAGLEHAWKUSA7127 B/R JEDDA NEW DIMENSIONB32 (AI) 7127 VTMB219 TE MANIA BARTEL B219 (AI) (ET) WOOLFORD P183 UNIQUE 13U (P) VTMB219 TEBVVZ48 MANIA BARTELEAGLEHAWK B219 (AI) JEDDA (ET) Z48 (AI) VTMW85 TE MANIA JEDDA W85 (AI) (ET) Sire: ALLENDALEVTMW85 LANDLORD TE MANIA JEDDA3 (P) W85 (AI) (ET)

Sire: HIOE7 AYRVALE BARTEL E7 (AI) (ET) Sire: HIOE7 AYRVALE BARTELUSA1407 E7 BON (AI) (ET) VIEW FRANZ NEW JOSEF DESIGN OXFORD 1407 2 (HP) AHHB

ABCY191 LAWSONSUSA13880818 ALLENDALEUSA13880818 DINKY-DI MYTTY LYDIA MYTTYZ191 IN N23 FOCUS (AI) (P)IN (ET) FOCUS

BVVB32BVVB32 EAGLEHAWKUSA1900 EAGLEHAWK G JEDDA A R JEDDAPRECISION B32 ALLENDALE (AI) B32 (AI) 1900 LYDIA (ET) 200 (P) BVVZ48 EAGLEHAWK JEDDA Z48 (AI) Dam: ABCE647 LAWSONS DINKYBVVZ48 DI EAGLEHAWKE647 (APR) (AI) JEDDA Z48 (AI)

ABCUSA1407 Z440 BON LAWSONS VIEW SILVERLEAF NEW HIGH DESIGN GRADE CHALLENGER 1407 Z440 (AI) (ET) (HP) AHHB USA1407 BON VIEW NEW DESIGN 1407

ABCABCYB1548 191 LAWSONS RARATONGA DINKY-DI HIGH HOUSTONGRADE Z191 (AI) B1548 (ET) ET1 (AI) ET (HP) AHHB ABCY191 LAWSONS DINKY-DI Z191 (AI) (ET) USA1900 G A R PRECISION 1900 (ET) ABC Z1126 LAWSONS COURALLIE HENRY VIIICONSTANCE Z1126 (AI) 32 T (HP) AHHB USA1900 G A R PRECISION 1900 (ET) Dam: ABCE647 LAWSONS DINKY DI E647 (APR) (AI) Dam: ALLENDALE DAISY M7 (HP) AHHB Dam: ABCE647 LAWSONSABCZ440 DINKY LAWSONS DI E647 HIGH (APR) GRADE (AI) Z440 (AI) (ET) VENA PARK JACKPOT (HP) AHHB ABC B1548 LAWSONSABCZ440 HIGH LAWSONS GRADE B1548 HIGH (AI) GRADE Z440 (AI) (ET) ST GABRIELS DAISY 63 (HP) AHHB SAMPLEABCZ1126 LAWSONS HENRY VIII Z1126 (AI) ABC B1548 LAWSONS HIGH GRADE B1548 (AI) ST GABRIELS DAISY 8 (HP) AHHB ABC Z1126 LAWSONS HENRY VIII Z1126 (AI)

SAMPLE

Disclaimer: The Australian Cattle Genetic Export Agency (ACGEA) certifies that the pedigree details contained in this certificate are those held in the national database owned by the breed societies and the breed standards contained in this certificate have been Disclaimer:assured by The ACGEA. Australian The pedigree Cattle detailsSAMPLE Genetic have been Export obtained A fromgency farmers' (ACGEA) records andcertifies ACGEA that assumes the nopedigree responsibility and for performance any detailsreliance contained on the pedigree in this details certificate or breed arestandards those contained held in in thethis certificatenational and database gives no warranty owned (express by the or breedimplied) societiesas to this and animalsthe breed or its standardsdata completeness, contained accuracy in or this fitness certificate for a particular have purpose. been quality assured by ACGEA. The pedigree and anyACGEA Authorised Officer performance details have been obtained from the societies and sourced and supplied from farmers’ records. ACGEA Authorised Officer Disclaimer: The Australian Cattle Genetic Export Agency (ACGEA) certifies that the pedigree details contained in this certificate are those held in the national database owned by the breed societies and the breed standards contained in this certificate have been assured by ACGEA. The pedigree details have been obtained from farmers' records and ACGEA assumes no responsibility for any reliance on the pedigree details or breed standards contained in this certificate and gives no warranty (express or implied) as to this animals or its data completeness, accuracy or fitness for a particular purpose. * BREEDPLAN EBVs, if available, can also be added onACGEA request. Authorised Officer Disclaimer: The Australian Cattle Genetic Export Agency (ACGEA) certifies that the pedigree details contained in this certificate are those held in the national database owned by the breed societies and the breed standards contained in this certificate have been assured by ACGEA. The pedigree details have been obtained from farmers' records 10and ACGEA assumes no responsibility for any reliance on the pedigree details or breed standards contained in this certificate and gives no warranty (express or implied) as to this animals or its data completeness, accuracy or fitness for a particular purpose. ACGEA Authorised Officer Export Breeding Certificate Examples Australian Cattle Genetics Export Agency Sample Export BreedingExport Breeding Certificate Certificate Category 2

Australian Cattle Genetics Export Agency Export Category: 2 RegisteredExport Breeding Purebred Certificate Breeding Cattle

Breed: Breed ABC Exporter: Australian Exporter Registration Number: AustralianABCH00707Australian Cattle Cattle Genetics GeneticsVessel: ExportExportMV ABCAgency Agency National Livestock ID: 3MBFP047XBH00707ExportExport Breeding BreedingShipment: Certificate CertificateABC 123 Electronic ID: 982 123462996079 Breed Standard: Visual Tag: G0083 Export Category: 2 This animal has been visually inspected and Sex: Female Registered Purebred Breeding Females Born:ExportSeptember Category: 2011 2 Registeredconforms Purebred to the Breeding ACGEA Export Cattle Standards for identification, breed type and structural conformation. Breed: Angus Breed ABC Exporter: XXXX XXXX RegistrationDate Number: of Issue: Breed:NPW U0042129/10/2013 Vessel : XXXX XXXXExporter: Australian Exporter NationalRegistration Livestock ID:Number: Export3TFWFHSLS0RND575 ABCCategory:H00707 2 Registered Shipment: Purebred XXXX Vessel: Breeding MV ABC Cattle ElectronicMultipleNational ID Sire Livestock Mating : 982 ID: 000007233624Group3MBFP047XBH00707 Shipment: ABC 123 Breed Standard: Visual Tag Breed: : 1012 Breed ABC Exporter: This animal has been visually inspected and conforms Electronic ID: 982 123462996079 USA5321Australian C A FUTURE Exporter DIRECTION 5321 Sex Registration Number: : FemaleABC H00707 Vessel: to the ACGEABreed Export Standard: Standards for identification, Visual Tag: G0083 Sire NAQX15 ARDROSSANMV ABC CONNECTION X15 (AI) (ET) DateNational of Birth Livestock : August ID: 3MBFP047XBH007071995 Date of Issue:Shipment: 10-07-2008ABC 123 breed type and structural conformation. Sex: Female NAQV9This ARDROSSAN animal hasWILCOOLA been V9 visually (AI) inspected and Sire 1: CYIB622Electronic EBONY ID: BEEF982 123462996079B622 conformsBreed to the Standard: ACGEA Export Standards for Visual Tag:Born:G0083September 2011 USA999 PLATTEMERE DATABASE Sex: Female Dam CYIY3103This animal EBONYidentification, has BEEF been Y3103 visually breed(AI) inspected type and and structural conformation. Date of Issue:Born: September29/10/2013 2011 conformsCYIW141 to EBONY the ACGEA BEEF W141 Export AI) Standards for identification,USA2700 LEACHMAN breed type RIGHT and TIME structural conformation. MultipleDate Sire of Issue: Mating 29/10/2013 Group Sire USA13058662 HYLINE RIGHTNBN TIME U19+75 338 (ET) BEN NEVIS MASSIVE U19. (AI) Sire:USA265 QMG HYLINE Y66+79 PRIDE GIBRALTAR265 (ET) MASSIVE Y66 Multiple Sire Mating Group USA5321 C A FUTURE DIRECTION 5321 Sire 2: HIFE31 BURNBEND RIGHT TIME E31 Sire NAQX15 ARDROSSAN QMG CONNECTION R104+72 X15 GIBRALTAR(AI) (ET) OMNIA R104. USA8908 G A R PARAMOUNT Sire 1:VAS D30 KINGFIELD DALLAS D30 USA5321 CNAQV9 A FUTURE ARDROSSAN DIRECTION 5321WILCOOLA V9 (AI) Sire 1: CYIB622 EBONY BEEF B622 Sire NAQX15Dam VLYX409 ARDROSSAN LAWSONS CONNECTION PARAMOUNTVAS X15 S7+73 (AI) (ET) X409 KINGFIELD (AI) (ET) FRED NAQV9 VLYV445ARDROSSAN YTHANBRAE WILCOOLA NEWV9 (AI) DESIGN 036 V445 (AI) USA999 PLATTEMERE DATABASE Sire 1: CYIB622 EBONY BEEF B622 Dam: VAS Y13+79 KINGFIELD NOLLEEN Y13. DamUSA999 CYIY3103NMMW100 PLATTEMERE EBONY MILLAH DATABASEBEEF 000 MURRAHY3103 000N5 (AI) WOODY MOCAMBO W100 (AI) NOLEEN Dam CYIY3103Sire CWJZ172 EBONY CYIW141WITHERSWOOD BEEF Y3103 EBONY (AI) ZAXIMUMBEEF W141 Z172 AI) (AI) CYIW141CWJX030 EBONY BEEF WITHERSWOOD W141 AI) BEEAC X030 (AI) (ET) USA2700 LEACHMAN RIGHT TIME Sire 3: HIFE47 BURNBEND WOODY/INTEGRITY E47 SireUSA2700 USA13058662 LEACHMAN HYLINE RIGHT RIGHT TIME TIME 338 (ET) USA14222612 G A R INTEGRITY Sire USA13058662 HYLINEUSA265 RIGHT HYLINE TIME 338 PRIDE (ET) 265 (ET) USA265 HYLINE PRIDE 265 (ET) Sire 2: HIFE31 BURNBEND RIGHT TIME E31 Dam VLYA826 LAWSONS INTEGRITY A826 (AI) (ET) Sire 2: HIFE31 BURNBEND RIGHT TIME E31 VLYX1264 LAWSONS PAYLOAD X1264 (AI) USA8908 GUSA8908 A R PARAMOUNT G A RNZE PARAMOUNT 137/78 TE MANIA ZEALAND 137/78 Dam VLYX409USAP715 LAWSONS PERRY PARAMOUNT POWER DESIGN X409 715 (AI) (ET) Dam VLYX409 LAWSONS Sire: VSL PARAMOUNT B25 LEAWOOD X409 (AI) (ET) ZEALAND B25 Sire VKD05310VLYV445 YTHANBRAEVLYV445 BARWIDGEE YTHANBRAE NEW 05310 DESIGN ((AI) NEW 036 V445 DESIGN (AI) 036 V445 (AI) VSL V3+76 LEAWOOD VANILLA V3. NMMW100VKD00426 MILLAH MURRAHBARWIDGEE WOODY 00426 W100 (AI) Sire 2: VAS E16 KINGFIELD EXPERT E16 NMMW100 MILLAH MURRAH WOODY W100 (AI) Sire 4: VKD07334 BARWIDGEE 07334 Sire CWJZ172Sire CWJZ172 WITHERSWOOD WITHERSWOOD ZAXIMUM Z172 ZAXIMUM (AI) Z172 (AI) VKD01216 BARWIDGEE 01216 ((AI) CWJX030 CWJX030WITHERSWOOD WITHERSWOOD BEEAC VAS X030 S7+73 (AI) BEEAC (ET) KINGFIELD X030 (AI) (ET) FRED Sire 3: HIFE47 BURNBEND WOODY/INTEGRITY E47 Sire 3: HIFE47 BURNBEND WOODY/INTEGRITY E47 Dam VKD04286 Dam: BARWIDGEE VAS Y13+79 04286 KINGFIELD NOLLEEN Y13 USA14222612 VKD01187 G A R BARWIDGEE INTEGRITY 000 000N5 01187 MOCAMBO NOLEEN Dam VLYA826 LAWSONSUSA14222612 INTEGRITY A826G A R(AI) INTEGRITY (ET)

DamVLYX1264 VLYA826USA13058662 LAWSONS LAWSONS PAYLOAD HYLINE INTEGRITY X1264 RIGHT (AI) A826 TIME (AI) 338 (ET) (ET) Sire VKD05146USAP715 PERRYVLYX1264 BARWIDGEE POWER LAWSONS DESIGN05146 (AI) 715PAYLOAD X1264 (AI) VKD97431 BARWIDGEE 97431 Sire VKD05310 BARWIDGEEUSAP715 05310 PERRY ((AI) POWER DESIGN 715 Sire 5: VKD07520 BARWIDGEE 07520 SireVKD00426 VKD05310 BARWIDGEE BARWIDGEE 00426 05310 ((AI) USAP715 PERRY POWER DESIGN 715 Sire 4: VKD07334 BARWIDGEE 07334 VKD00426 BARWIDGEE 00426 VKD01216 BARWIDGEE 01216 ((AI) Sire 4: VKD07334 BARWIDGEE 07334 Dam VKD04236 BARWIDGEE 04236 (APR) (AI) Dam VKD04286 BARWIDGEEVKD00340 04286 BARWIDGEE 00340 VKD01187 VKD01216 BARWIDGEE BARWIDGEE 01187NZE 137/78 01216 TE((AI) MANIA ZEALAND 137/78

DamUSA13058662 VKD04286Sire: VSL HYLINEBARWIDGEE B25 RIGHT LEAWOOD TIME 04286 338 (ET) ZEALAND B25 Sire VKD05146 BARWIDGEEVKD01187 05146 BARWIDGEE (AI) VSL V3+76 01187 LEAWOOD VANILLA V3 Sire 3:VAS H37 KINGFIELD HILTON VKD97431 USA13058662 BARWIDGEE 97431 HYLINE RIGHT TIME 338 (ET) Sire 5: VKD07520 BARWIDGEE 07520 Sire VKD05146 BARWIDGEE VAS 05146 Y36+79 (AI) KINGFIELD YAMBUK USAP715 PERRY POWER DESIGN 715 VKD97431 BARWIDGEE 97431 Dam VKD04236 Dam:BARWIDGEE VAS 04236 D36 (APR) KINGFIELD (AI) LIZ D36 Sire 5: VKD07520 BARWIDGEE 07520 VKD00340 BARWIDGEE 00340 AS V8+76 KINGFIELD LIZ V8 USAP715 PERRY POWER DESIGN 715

Dam VKD04236 BARWIDGEE 04236 (APR) (AI) VKD00340 BARWIDGEE 00340

SAMPLE

On farm cattle Australian Oninspection farm cattle & Importer ExporterAustralian purchaseinspection contract & Exporter Importer purchaseOn farm contract cattle Australian inspection & Importer purchase contract Exporter ` Seller to sign breeding and > All animals are inspected in quarantine by ownership declaration • All animals are inspected in quarantine > Seller to sign breeding by anan indepenindependentdent ILRIC accredited accredited inspector. & ownership declaration. inspector> Animal National Identification number, ` Seller to sign breeding and • AnimalRFID numberNational & Identificationvisual export tagnumber, numbers ownership declaration • RFIDAll animals number,are & inspevisualcted export in quarantine tag numbersby arean indepenrecorded. are recordeddent ILRIC accredited inspector • Animal National Identification number, RFID number, & visual export tag • Each> Each animal animal is inspectedis inspected to toensu ensurere that that it Quarantine numbers are recorded Quarantine its compliescomplies with that breedsbreeds true-to-type true-to-type inspection phenotypicphenotypic standard standard. • Animals that do not meet this standard Inspection > Animals that do not meet this standard are Quarantineprocess • arEache rejected animalfor is exportinspected to ensure that Process its rejectedcomplies for with export. that breeds true-to-type inspection phenotypic standard • Animals that do not meet this standard are rejected for export process • All> animalAll animals are areindividually individually inspected inspected to ensure strict compliance to the export standardto ensureand strict structural compliance soundness to the specificationsexport standarddetailed & structuralin section soundness 2 & 5 of this document • All specificationsanimal are individually detailed in sectioninspected 2 & to5 of this • Animalsensuredocument. strictthat do compliancenot meet theto thestructuralexport specificationstandard and stan structuraldard are s oundnessrejected for Inspection files are checked, exportspecifications> Animals thatdetailed do not meetin section the structural 2 & 5 verified & entered into of thisspecification document standard are rejected for • Animals that do not meet the structural ILRIC export Database. specificationexport. standard are rejected for export

Inclusion of Animals ID(s) are Data animals pedigree verified against the information. National Livestock Verification Animals that do Database. Process not comply are rejected.

ID(s) are checked again at point of ship loading.

13 ADDITIONAL INDIVIDUAL 3 BREED SPECIFICATIONS

Angus

Demand for high quality meat for both the domestic and export markets means that Angus steers are keenly sought after. Angus females are purchased because of their outstanding reproductive and maternal performance. Angus are the most profitable breed choice for many commercial cattle producers. This is demonstrated by the increased demand for Angus seedstock and commercial cattle. Angus females reach puberty early, go in calf quickly and continue to breed regularly to a late age. Angus have a reputation for maintaining high fertility even under difficult seasonal conditions. Angus cows are excellent mothers with good milking ability. They are easy calving, easy care cattle. Breed Specifications True-to-Type Verification

All animals from all categories are to be individually l Category 1 animals shall be identified by an inspected to ensure they comply with the Angus NLIS tag plus either the registered tattoo mark Society of Australia Phenotypic Standards. of its breeder, breeding year letter and animal number in an ear; or a freeze or fire brand Compliance Standard: including the registered brand symbol, relevant l No signs of developing or having had a horn or year letter and animal number. scur. Note: Red Gene Carrier l Black or red coat colour. The Angus breed has a naturally occurring red gene l No white skin above the underline or on a leg or foot, unless it is a birth mark. which may be present in black coloured pure Angus cattle. If a black coated Angus carrying the red gene l No white skin on or in front of the naval scar, unless is mated to another black Angus which also carries it is a birth mark – applicable to category 1. the red gene, or to a red coated animal of another l No dairy or Bos indicus features. breed, the progeny may be red coloured. l No undersized animals or animals of inadequate A red gene DNA test is available and where frame size or type. registered Black Angus have undergone this test l Bulls to have a minimum scrotal circumference the results are shown in their registered name. of 30 cm for yearlings and 34 cm for bulls 18 months and over.

14 Belmont Red

Since the original Aus-Meat Comparison Trials commenced in 1988, the Belmont Red has achieved an overall standard in beef production better than any other breed or cross breds. More recently Belmont Reds have achieved an unparalleled run of wins and high placings in The Paddock to Plate Challenge. The fertility of the breed has assisted many beef producers to correct reproductive deficiency in their herds and this reputation is freely accepted by the industry. The placid nature of the Belmont Red is widely recognised by beef producers who have handled them. The package of Production, Placid Temperament and Fertility has remained intact when used in the temperate zone. Breed Specifications True to type verification:

All animals from all categories are to be individually l Small thoracic hump. inspected to ensure they comply with the Belmont Red Association of Australia’s Phenotypic Standards. l Tight sheath. Compliance Standard: l The ears and dewlap are a moderate size. l Belmont Reds can be horned or polled. l Predominantly red in colour.

l Sleek coat.

15 Blonde d’Aquitaine

The Blonde d’Aquitaine breed are a heavily muscled breed renown for producing efficient, high yielding beef carcasses. The Blonde sire is known for producing small slender calves which grow rapidly once born. The calves have a great temperament, are fine boned, and develop a heavy muscle pattern. On first cross mothers Blonde calves regularly achieve weaning weights of 400 to 500kg. Breed Specifications True-to-Type Verification

All animals in all categories are to be individually l Females have a long, lean neck, clean with the absense inspected to ensure they comply with the Blonde of hair in this region. Males have a strong, extended d’Aquitaine Society of Australia and New Zealand’s neck - well crested at maturity. Phenotypic Standards. l Broad, flat and clean brisket, exhibiting good thoracic Compliance Standard: capasity. l Coat colour varies from Blonde to wheaten to light l Front legs, running from a shoulder layered well in red, however the society does not discriminate against the abdominal cavity to the feet which are against black cattle. idealy splaying out 10 degrees - no more than 30 degrees. A long cannon bone and pastern of moderate l The breed is noted for its docility and selection will length. discourage animals with poor temperament. l Feet, general symmetrical appearance with adequate l Head has elevated carriage with the eye level with heel. or above the chine. l Testicles well back, in line with the thurl. Minimum of l Snout to forehead ratio favouring the longer 30cm at 24 months. snout, more obvious and to a greater degree in the females. l Hind legs - shanks clean, long and convex suggesting a bulk of muscle. Hocks clean, sharpe with good l Broad, moist nuzzle with open nostril. angulation 120 - 140 degrees.

16 Bonsmara

Bonsmara are a tropically adapted Bos taurus breed. Performance recording is the cornerstone of their development. The genetics are a combination of African and British, forming a very productive breed in their own right, but also offer cattlemen an attractive option as terminal sires with Brahman and Brahman Euro breeders. Research continues to show that on average bos taurus meat is more consumer acceptable than bos indicus meat, resulting in growing interest from our commercial cattlemen in producing composite slaughter cattle. Breed Specifications

True to type verification:

All animals from all categories are to be individually inspected l Small thoracic hump. to ensure they comply with the Bonsmara Cattle Breeders Association of Australia’s Phenotypic Standards. l Tight sheath. Compliance Standard: l They may be horned or polled.

l l Predominantly red in colour. The ears and dewlap are a moderate size. l Sleek coat.

17 Boran

After years of worldwide research by the CSIRO in Australia, Boran from East Africa were identified as meeting the needs of cattlemen. Improved cattle combining high genetic potential for growth, reproduction and carcase quality with high resistance to nutritional and climatic stresses, parasites and disease. Advantages of Boran include: Excellent for crossbreeding, creates a cow/bull with very high hybrid vigour (heterosis), F1 Boran cows produce more kg of calf per 100kg cow joined than other F1 cows, few, if any calving problems, high lifetime fertility, earlier maturing than other Zebu breeds, long life, low replacement rate, very adaptable – found in hot ,dry and arid contry to the humid sub Tropics, convert low quality nutrition into quality beef The Boran Dam Provides plenty of milk for prime veal without losing body condition, has excellent teat and udder conformation and make protective mothers with strong herd instinct. Breed Specifications

True-to-Type Verification l Horned, polled or scurred.

All animals in all categories are to be individually inspected l Medium length head, slightly convex with small ears. to ensure they comply with the Boran Association of Australia’s Phenotypic Standards. l Well-defined thoracic hump, larger in male than female. Double or pointed hump undesirable. Compliance standard l Skin thin and pliable with loose folds. Dark pigmentation l Animals any colour except black and brindle. desirable.

18 Braford

Brafords are docile and alert, are active in the paddock which enables them to forage for food and the bulls to seek out the cows for mating, easy to manage and handle, respond well to handling and are smart and easy to muster. A strong point of the Braford is the Breeding Female with her excellent reputation for fertility and her ability to rear a top vealer. The Bos Indicus content of the Braford, along with breeder selection for good pigmentation and hooded eyes has given Brafords a high resistance to eye cancer, pinkeye and blight. This infusion of Bos Indicus has also given the breed a high tolerance to bloat. Breed Specifications

True-to-Type Verification

All animals from all categories are to be l No dairy features. individually inspected to ensure they comply l No undersized animals or animals of with the Australian Braford Societies inadequate size or type. Phenotypic Standards. l Sheath on bulls to be of moderate Compliance Standard: development not overly pendulous or l Polled or dehorned. excessively tight on bodyline. l Honey to rich red in colour with Hereford l Bulls must have a minimum scrotal markings, no brindling or excessive circumference of 30cm for yearlings and freckling. 32cm for bulls 18 months and over. l Brahman inheritance to be evident in appearance, indicative of ¼ - ¾ Brahman characteristics.

19 Brahman

Tolerance to heat is a major economic factor in tropical beef production. The Brahman’s heat tolerance is controlled by, dark pigmented skin dissipates internal heat increased number, efficiency and size of sweat glands, sleek coat which reflects sun increased area of loose skin and slower metabolic rate which means less heat generated. The Brahman’s resistance to cattle tick is of major economic importance because of less chemical use and increased weight gain. On the grass or grain in feedlots, Australian Brahmans have demonstrated an ability to achieve high growth rates and excellent feed conversion. Breed Specifications True to type verification: Categories 1, 2 & 3 All animals from all categories are to be individually Grey Brahmans: inspected to ensure they comply with the Australian l Coat Colour - Light to dark grey with variations Brahman Breeders’ Association Phenotypic of black markings to complete body coverage Standards. acceptable.

l Buyer preference of coat colour and pigment l Honey or light red acceptable. nominated in purchase contract is recommended. l Pigment – Dark pigment on nose with lighter l Minimum scrotal circumference for bulls in pigment in the centre acceptable. accordance with Cattle Veterinarians standards according to age. l Hooves and tail to be black.

l No undersize, underweight or animals of poor Red Brahmans: physical type. l Coat Colour – Light to dark red with black l Bos indicus feature, hump, pendulous ears, markings to complete body coverage dulap, naval and sheath in accordance with the acceptable. ABBA phenotypic standards. l White mottled markings acceptable. l Sheath score standards in accordance with the l Pigment - Black or light red on nose and feet sheath score chart applicable to Bos indicus acceptable. cattle. Category 3 Compliance Standard: l Approximate age only. Category 1

l All animals are to be recorded in the Australian Brahman Breeders’ Association Ltd database as Pompes disease free.

20 Brangus

Renowned for their fertility and easy calving qualities, adaptability and profitability, the performance of Brangus cattle in the workplace has ensured their justifiable prominence. Brangus cattle excel in all drivers of profitability. Being naturally polled Brangus eliminate the requirement to dehorn calves. The easy calving qualities of the Brangus breed combined with its milking ability, fertility and mothering ability combine to produce a calving percentage that is rarely equaled or bettered. Heat and parasite tolerance and an ability to walk and forage give Brangus cattle the ability to handle the toughest grazing conditions. Breed Specifications True to type verification:

All animals from all categories are to be individually l Legs and Feet should be squarely placed with correct inspected to ensure they comply with the Australian angulations and freedom of movement. Hoofs to Brangus Cattle Association Phenotypic Standards. be even shaped and sound. Misshapen hooves are objectionable. Compliance Standard: l Broad forehead and muzzle, moderate length of head, l Solid Black with black pigmentation. Or Solid Red with masculine or feminine accordingly, nostrils large. a pink nose. Excessive white on underline behind the navel scar is objectionable. l Ears to be moderate length and width with fine texture. l Well developed, broad, deep medium low set, long bodied, symmetrical smooth straight back with slightly l Shoulders should be smooth and well set. rounding rump. l Girth should be deep and full. l Bulls should possess masculine characteristics and l Hair should be short, straight and slick. females should show refinement and femininity. l Back should be broad, strong and level and smoothly l Hindquarter slightly rounded rump and well developed fleshed. Appreciable dropping off from hips to crop is good length hip to pin. Thighs and round to be thick. objectionable. Rump to be full and extending well down to hocks. l Loins should be broad thick and well covered with l Flanks should be full and deep flesh. l Good width between eyes, large and clear, well l Ribs should be well sprung, deep and well covered hooded. with flesh.

21 British White

A traditional British Breed, being large, naturally polled dual-purpose cattle. However in recent years selection has been towards a more beef producing type whilst retaining all the important characteristics of the breed. They are white in colour with black points, extremely docile, hardy and remarkably free from disease. British Whites are good milk producers and are equally well known for their beef qualities, the meat being of excellent texture. Breed Specifications True-to-Type Verification All animals in all categories are to be individually inspected of colour or spots of colour on the front of each to ensure they comply with the British White Society of fetlock, black hooves, black tongue is desirable. Australia’sBreed Phenotypic Standards. Specifications l Animals are polled with no signs of developing a Compliance Standard: horn or scur. l Animals have a white coat on blue or dark pigmented l No Dairy or Bos Indicus features. skin. l No undersized animals or animals of inadequate l Black points, muzzle, nose, ears, eyelids, teats of frame size. cows, rudimentary teats of bulls, legs with a splash

22 Charolais

Charolais are the breed of need. There is only one reason why breeders use Charolais - to make more money. The business of beef production is as real as any other in that economic rationale takes precedence over tradition. While the Charolais breed is renown for their remarkable growth rate that allows for earlier turnoff of cattle into specific markets, the modern Australian Charolais has adapted to suit the many varied climatic conditions that the harsh Australian environment dishes out. Breed Specifications True-to-Type Verification

All animals from all categories are to be l Coat colour should be uniform in individually inspected to ensure they comply with appearance. the Charolais Society of Australia Phenotypic Note: The genetic ‘base’ coat colour for Charolais Standards. is red and is influenced by a Diluter gene which Compliance Standard: effectively ‘masks’ red appearance making the cattle white. Selection for or against a diluter Category 2 gene influences coat colour to appear either l Animals can be de-horned or polled. white or red. More information on the genetics involved can be sourced from the Charolais l No Dairy or Bos indicus features. Society of Australia Ltd). l Coat colour of animals can be white to light red.

23 Devon

Devons are typically very quiet and easy to handle, are a rich red colour and inherently very fertile. As they appear to have excellent feed conversion efficiency, they are hardy and can handle adverse conditions and heat better than any other British breed. They produce high quality meat in a wide range of production systems, from intensive feedlot or grass finishing to the extensive pastoral runs. Breed Specifications

True to type verification:

All animals from all categories are to be individually l No dairy or Bos indicus features. inspected to ensure they comply with the Devon Cattle l No undersized animals or animals of inadequate Breeders Society of Australia Phenotypic Standards. Breed Specifications framesize or type. Compliance Standard: l Bulls to have a minimum scrotal circumference of l Animals can be horned , polled or scurred. 33 cm at 18 months and 37 cm at 24 months. l Colour is ruby red. l All animals to have a predominate white switch. l A small amount of white hair leading forward of the Category 1 animals to have 5 generation registered purse or udder is permissible. Devon pedigree.

24 Dexter

Dexters are the smallest naturally occurring British cattle breed. Their size makes them ideally suited to the small property owner as well as the farmer who understands that small-framed cattle can be more efficient than larger- framed cattle. Their dual purpose nature means Dexters provide both meat and milk. Even when not milked for human consumption, their milk supply promotes excellent growth rates in their calves. Breed Specifications

True-to-Type Verification l Cattle can be horned, dehorned or polled.

All animals in all categories have been individually l Ideal heights of cows are 97cm – 107cm and inspected to ensure they comply with the Dexter Cattle bulls 102cm – 112cm. Australia’s Phenotypic Standards. l Dexters must be of a solid colour, with a little Compliance Standard: white permitted on the underline in females and on the organs of generation in males. l Coat colour is black, red or dun.

25 Droughtmaster

Combining the most desirable traits of Bos taurus and Bos indicus breeds, the Droughtmaster breed was developed specifically for the Australian environment by innovative commercial cattlemen last century. The Droughtmaster breed evolved after many years of meticulous selection for fertility, virility, calving ease, docility, meat quality, parasite resistance, environmental adaptation, heat tolerance, maternal instincts, resistance to blight & eye cancer and bloat resistance. The pioneer breeders created a uniquely Australian breed of beef cattle with the best of both worlds – a breed which could survive and thrive in harsh environments, while consistently producing progeny with high yielding carcases of quality beef. Over the intervening years, the breed’s reputation as low maintenance, easy care cattle has seen it become one of the more popular breeds in Australia today. Breed Specifications

True to type verification:

All animals from all categories are to be individually inspected l Sheath score standards in accordance with the sheath to ensure they comply with the Droughtmaster Stud Breeders’ score chart applicable to Bos Indicus cattle. Society of Australia’s Phenotypic standards. l Animals have a sleek coat, golden honey to dark red in colour. Compliance Standard: l Animals are generally polled, however a horn or scur l No undersize animals or animals of poor physical type. may be present. l Bos Indicus feature, moderate hump, sllightly pendulous l Minimal scrotal circumference in accordance with ears, dulap, naval and sheath in accordance with the the standards set down by the Association of Cattle DSBS Phenotypic standards. Veterinarians (ACV).

26 Galloway

Being one of the oldest naturally polled breeds, the characteristics that the Galloway breed bring to your herd have been stabilised over many generations of breeding. They have the ability to forage under sparse conditions and as a result can be finished on pasture with only pasture hay or silage as a supplement. Galloway females are very protective of the calves and will produce a live viable calf well into their teens. They produce a high quality milk and will look after their calves in all conditions. Breed Specifications True-to-TypeBreed Verification Specifications All animals from all categories are to be individually l Balanced height, length and adequate body inspected to ensure that they comply with the Australian capacity, not a tall, shallow ribbed, narrow framed Galloway Association Inc Phenotypic Standards. body and not a short thick body with extreme depth of middle and carrying excess fat. Compliance Standards: l Bulls must have a minimum scrotal circumference l No signs of developing or having had a horn or scur. of 30 cm for 12 months old and 34 cm for 24 l Black, Dun or Red in coat colour. months old. One year old of 32 to 34 cm is most l No white, other than on the underline up to the acceptable. naval, is permitted. l Category 1 animals shall be identified by an NLIS l No Dairy or Bos indicus features. tag plus the registered tattoo of its breeder, year letter and animal number in an ear.

27 Gelbvieh

Gelbvieh are the performance + maternal European beef breed. Gelbvieh have a calm and quiet temperament which makes them easy to work with. Gelbvieh females have high milking capacity which they put into their calves. Gelbvieh calves are moderately sized at birth but grow quickly with remarkable daily weight gains and large eye muscle areas. Gelbvieh produce impressive show winning stock that will bring a smile to your face. Gelbvieh cattle are used in many cross-breeding programs around the world for this reason and Gelbvieh are an exceptional cross over British breeds and Tropical Breeds alike. Below are some other famous traits of Gelbvieh cattle. Breed Specifications

True to type verification:

All animals in all categories have been individually l Coat colour is honey, red or black. inspected to ensure they comply with the Australian l No undersized animals or animals of inadequate Gelbvieh Association’s Phenotypic Standards. frame size. Compliance Standard: l No dairy or Bos Indicus features. l Cattle may be horned or polled.

28 Hereford

The Hereford is one of the most numerous of all breeds in Australia. It is found throughout the country in all extremes of environment. The ability to do well on a wide range of pastoral conditions and to assimilate roughage, coupled with its good fertility, foraging ability and docility, account for its success. Herefords are docile, efficient and productive. The breed’s temperament will impact positively on your herd. Herefords consistently out perform their British breed counterparts across a range of traits, providing long-term viability and sustainability for modern day beef operations. Competitive and productive, Herefords provide balanced performance for breeders, restockers, feedlotters, processors and ultimately consumers. They are efficient, fast gaining, high yielding cattle that will deliver you maximum profit. Breed Specifications

True-to-Type Verification

All animals from all categories are to be individually l No Dairy or Bos indicus features. inspected to ensure they comply with Herefords Australia l Category 1 animals shall be identified by an NLIS Phenotypic Standards. tag plus a legible registered tattoo mark of its Compliance Standard: breeder, breeding year letter and an animal number l Animals can be horned, polled or scurred. in at least one ear. l l Animals are red and white in coat colour and the Bulls must have a minimum scrotal circumference of animal has a white face. 30 cm for yearlings and 32 cm for bulls 18 months and over. l No undersized animals or animals of inadequate size or type.

29 Limousin

Limousin cattle adapt to diverse climates and the widest range of management systems. Limousin cattle are efficient - they have moderate mature size and are excellent foragers walking long distances for food. They also have above average feed conversion rates. Limousin calves have low birth weights, which lead to minimum calving problems when Limousin bulls are used over cows of other breeds. High meat to bone ratios and low fat leads to outstanding yields of saleable meat from Limousin cross carcases. Yields of up to 80% of saleable meat are not uncommon. Breed Specifications

True-to-Type Verification Category 2

l All animals from all categories are to be individually Animals is sired by registered bulls. inspected to ensure they comply with the Australian l Colour is normally traditional apricot to red with Limousin Breeders’ Society Phenotypic Standards. lighter hair colour around muzzle, eyes and underline but may be red or completely black. Small amounts of Compliance Standard: white on the underline only are allowable. Importer Category 1 can specify required colour. l No dairy or Bos indicus features. l Animals is registered with a three generation pedigree in the Australian Limousin Breed Society Herd Book l Animal has been dehorned or is naturally polled. Scurs may be present. l Colour is normally traditional apricot to red with lighter hair colour around muzzle, eyes and underline but may Category 3 be red or completely black.Small amounts of white on l Animals has unknown sire or dam the underline only are allowable. Importer can specify l required colour. Colour is normally traditional apricot to red with lighter hair colour around muzzle, eyes and underline l No dairy or Bos indicus features. but may be red or completely black.Small amounts of l Animal has been dehorned or is naturally white on the underline only are allowable. Importer polled. Scurs may be present. can specify required colour. l Animal has been dehorned or is naturally polled. Scurs may be present.

30 Lincoln Red

The Lincoln Red, with it’s characteristic cherry red coat, is the largest Traditional British beef breed, and is outstanding for rapid liveweight gain and early maturity, allied with good carcase quality. It is noted for ease of calving, docility, milking ability and longevity. Breed Specifications

True-to-Type Verification

All animals from all categories are to be individually l Good carriage, carrying head up, having inspected to ensure they comply with the Lincoln sufficient bone, with a firmly fleshed body. Red Cattle Society Australia’s phenotypic standards.

l Deep cherry red coat, uniform over body, with Compliance Standard pink soft skin. l Broad forehead and muzzle, short face, eyes l Udder vessel well shaped, teats equidistant on placid and well shielded. four point spacing to the size of the udder. l Animals can be horned, polled or scurred. l Testicles evenly shaped, firm but resilient with a minimum scrotal circumference of 34 cm at the age of 24 months.

31 Lowline Lowlines were bred and developed in Australia and have remained isolated from outside genetics since 1964, making them a unique Australian breed. Lowline cattle offer easier management and calving, reduced production costs, higher stocking rates and increased retail beef yields. Dairy producers now have a beef alternative for their heifers whilst still maintaining low birth weights and short gestation. Breed Specifications

True-to-Type Verification

All animals in all categories are to be individually inspected l Judgement should be based on conformation, to ensure they comply with the Australian Lowline Cattle health and condition, rather than size. Mature Association’s Phenotypic Standards. bulls should measure about 110cm at the hip and mature females, 100cm. Compliance Standard: l There should be evidence of longevity. Bulls, l The Australian Lowline is a pure beef breed masculine in appearance, virile and strong libido. l All Australian Lowline are black. A little white is not Cows, feminine in appearance with breeding uncommon and should not disqualify so long as it is history of regular calving. restricted to the area of the scrotum or the udder. l Sheath. Retracted prepuce. Penis angle approx 25 This white patch should not extend further than half degrees from the horizontal. way between the udder/scrotum and the navel, on the underbelly only. l Udder and teats, balanced and well attached.

l All Australian Lowline cattle are naturally polled l Disposition. Docility should be a feature.

l The skin should always be in good condition, soft and l Sound feet and joints. Squarely set. mellow. Hair should be plentiful and evenly distributed, but noting the normal differences expected in areas of extreme cold and heat.

32 Maine Anjou Maine-Anjou cattle offer a balance of important traits to the commercial industry to increase profits. Maine-Anjou is a complete breed which contributes maternal and growth traits, as well as a desirable colour, skin pigmentation and docility. Maine-Anjou has distinguished itself by remarkable records in carcase evaluation tests, steer competitions and in Ausmeat Beef Trials. Beef lot buyers are delighted with their growth factor and docility. Well muscled in the correct places with a minimum layer of evenly distributed fat makes Maine-Anjou popular with butchers for their high yield and gourmets for their tenderness and flavour. Breed Specifications

True-to-Type Verification

All animals in all categories are to be individually l Category 1 bulls recognised by society must carry inspected to ensure they comply with the Australian 15/16 Maine-Anjou blood or higher. Maine Anjou Societies Phenotypic Standards. l Cattle known as ‘full bloods’ or ‘full french’ will Compliance Standard: have a blood type or DNA record on file with the society. l Red, red and white or black in colour l Polled or horned

Murray Grey

Murray Greys are renown as an easy doing versatile breed that can thrive in any environment. Beef producers are choosing to use Murray Greys in their production systems for these reasons and many more Murray Greys are quiet, easily handled cattle. They readily adapt to new environments and settle well. BreedBreed Specifications Specifications True to type verification:

All animals from all categories are to be individually l No Dairy or Bos indicus features. inspected to ensure they comply with the Murray Grey Beef Cattle Society Phenotypic Standards. l Category 1 animals shall be identified by an NLIS tag plus a legible registered tattoo mark of its Compliance Standard: breeder, breeding year letter and an animal number in at least one ear. l Colour is silver to dark grey with dark skin pigmentation. Pink skin is only allowed on the l Bulls must have a minimum scrotal circumference under body behind the naval scar or pizzle. of 30 cm for yearlings and 32 cm for bulls 18 months and over. l No signs of developing or having had a horn or scur l No undersized animals or animals of inadequate size or type.

34 Nguni

The profile of the Nguni shows that it developed under a process of natural selection in a highly challenging environment and that it has the genetic potential to perform better in optimal production environments. It is a medium frame animal with a measure of tick tolerance and disease resistance. Breed Specifications True to type verification: All animals from all categories are to be individually inspected l The bulls have well developed, rounded cervio- to ensure they comply with the Australian Nguni Breeders thoracic humps which are muscular rather than fatty. Association Phenotypic Standards. l cows have small almost non existant humps

Compliance Standard: l The cattle are heat and light tolerant and have thick l Bulls weighing 500-700kg pigmented skins covered with fine short hair of different mixtures of colour (Black, white, red, l Cows weighing 320-440kg brown, cream and dun).

35 Red Angus

Solid Red, pigmented and polled Red Angus cattle are renowned worldwide for their efficiency in beef production and docile disposition. Red Angus can drive your profit potential with a combination of calving ease, maternal excellence and carcase qualities. Strongly favoured in composite breeding and equally impressive in a self replacing herd, enter our site to discover the Red Angus advantage. Breed Specifications True to type verification:

All animals from all categories are to be individually inspected l Solid Red. to ensure they comply with the Red Angus Society of l Polled. Australia’s Phenotypic Standards. l Black pigmentation (Animals may have 2 of 3 areas Compliance Standard: of black pigmentation on the nose, around the eyes, and anus but not all 3). l Must physically exhibit breed characteristics of a l A blond, light red or mixed switch. purebred Red Angus. l Black hair on the tail, muzzle, face, neck and shoulder. l English/British characteristics.

36 Red Poll

Red Polls have been bred for their beef production.The cows have good production of quality milk, essential for rearing good calves, and the generally gentle disposition of dairy cattle. In particular, the muscling has been developed and most strains of the breed in Australia are economic and efficient beef producers. As pure breds they are early maturing animals for beef production and are particularly useful in cross breeding programs. Breed Specifications

True to type verification:

All animals in all categories have been individually inspected l Colour must be red, deep for preference. A sandy to ensure they comply with the Australian Red Poll Societies colour is an objection though not a disqualification. Phenotypic Standards. White markings are permissible on females on the udder attachment only, and on males on the Compliance Standard: extreme upper part of the scrotum. A white or silver- l No evidence of horns or scurs. hared brush of the tail is permissible. l Sheath and scrotum: Should not be loose or l Skeletal or frame size should be medium to large. pendulous. Testicles of moderate to large even size, With good height, a balancing length and adequate and hanging freely without twist, with well developed body capacity is required together with depth of rib, rudimentary teats in front of the scrotum. substantial bone and a symmetrical leg size to fit this body.

37 Salers

An Ideal Balance of Traits Beef - Growth, Muscle, Marbling, Eating Quality, Fat Cover Maternal - Calving Ease, Fertility, Milk, Mothering, Food Efficiency Breed Specifications

True to type verification:

All animals from all Categories are to be individually inspected l Must have a straight back. to ensure they comply with the Australian Salers Association l Deep wide chest. Phenotypic Standards: l Males have a short neck, females have a slender Compliance Standard: neck. l l The coat is a single colour, mahogany red. Females Deep hindquarter. have a curly coat and a supple skin with clear or l Strong legs of medium length, the hooves are rosey mucous membranes. A black gene is present in black. the breed. l Animals should be dehorned. A poll gene exists.

38 Santa Gertrudis

Santa Gertrudis cattle adapt easily and quickly to a wide range of climatic conditions and can now be seen flourishing in all States of Australia from the harsh cold climates of Victoria and Tasmania to the sun baked plains of the Northern Territory and tropical Queensland. Consistently larger calf drops in competitive tests with other major breeds. Exceptional longevity, bulls have been known to work until 14-15 years of age and regularly females of 13 - 15 years and more have been recorded as producers of top calves.

Breed Specifications

True-to-Type Verification l No white spots out of the underline or a white All Santa Gertrudis purebred stud cattle registered with underline exceeding 25%, fawn or cream colour, the Santa Gertrudis Breeders (Australia) Association brindling or roan condition. (SGB(A)A) have been inspected by SGB(A)A Field l No dairy or Bos Taurus features. Directors and have passed the Standard of Excellence as l No undersized animals or animals of inadequate set down by the SGB(A)A. size or type.

l All animals from Category 1, 2 & 3 will be independently Bulls to have a minimum scrotal circumference inspected by an ILRIC accredited inspector to ensure of 32cm at 18 months of age, 34cm at 24 months they comply with the Australian Export Standard and of age and 36cm at maturity. the SGB(A)A Standard of Excellence and its phenotypic l Bulls’ sheaths not to extend below the “H to K” specifications. line. Note: The “H to K” line is the imaginary line between Compliance Standard: the break in the rear (lower) hock and the break in l Horned or polled. the knee. l Solid Santa Gertrudis red colour (light or dark).

39 Senepol

Senepol are best described as being of medium frame - extremes of muscle and bone having been avoided in striking a workable balance of feed efficiency to growth, fertility and calving ease. l reach puberty earlier than Bos Indicus breeds l females are renowned for their ease of calving l heifers will calve as two year olds under normal management conditions l bulls have a high libido, are fertile and aggressive breeders from an early age. Breed Specifications

True to type verification:

All animals from all Categories are to be individually l In general have a very short hair coat type inspected to ensure they comply with the Australian l Are naturally polled Senepol Cattle Breeders Associations Phenotypic l Have good eye and skin pigmentation Standards. l Docile temperament Compliance Standard: l Solid red colour, ranging from dark red to a lighter ginger colour

40 Shorthorn

The maternal characteristics, freedom from structural faults and excellent meat quality imparted by the purebred Shorthorn have provided a strong genetic base for the development of composite breeds such as Belmont Red, Murray Grey, Santa Gertrudis and Droughtmaster. Shorthorn cattle are highly fertile with females reaching puberty at a younger age than most other breeds, allowing a greater number of calves to be produced during the life of a cow. An extremely strong maternal instinct and excellent milk production allows calves to be weaned at eight months of age weighing around 400kgs. The high libido, inherent structural correctness and excellent scrotal and sheath conformation means a larger number of progeny will be expected in a shorter period of time, leading to higher profitability of a beef herd. Breed Specifications

True-to-Type Verification Compliance Standard:

l All animals from all categories are to be individually Horned or polled inspected to ensure they comply with the Shorthorn l Red and white in coat colour Society of Australia phenotypic standards. l No Dairy or Bos indicus features l No undersized animals or animal of inadequate size and type

41 Simmental

The Australian Simmental is characterised by, rapid weight gain, high carcase yield, high fertility, excellent maternal qualities and a quiet temperament. All these are important to profitable commercial beef production, producing more calves, heavier and earlier turnoff higher carcase yields highly productive breeding females all with excellent temperament. Breed Specifications

True-to-Type Verification Category 2

All animals from all Categories are to be individually l Purebred females sired by a registered purebred Category inspected to ensure they comply with the Australian 1 stud bull where the dam may not be recorded. Simmental Breeders Association Phenotypic Standards: l Colour is normally light to dark red and white with a white Compliance Standard: face, or may be completely red or black Simmental. l No dairy or Bos indicus features. Category 1 l Animal has been dehorned or is naturally polled. Scurs l Purebred, registered animals with a minimum of 3 may be present. generation pedigree Simmental content, and sired by l Category 2 animals shall be identified by an NLIS tag. registered purebred stud bulls. l Colour is normally light to dark red and white with Category 3 a white face, or may be completely red or black l Females sired by unregistered sires out of unregistered Simmental. dams. l No Dairy or Bos indicus features. l Colour is normally light to dark red and white with a white l Animal has been dehorned or is naturally polled. face, or may be completely red or black Simmental. Scurs may be present. l No dairy or Bos indicus features. l Category 1 animals shall be identified by an NLIS tag l Animal has been dehorned or is naturally polled. Scurs plus either the registered tattoo mark of its breeder, may be present. breeding year letter and animal number in an ear; or l Category 3 animals shall be identified by an NLIS tag. a freeze brand including the relevant year letter and animal number. Note: Black and Red Gene Carrier The purebred Red and Black Simmental variety occurs from the grading up from other breed females carrying through a dominant Red or Black gene.

42 South Devon

The South Devon is the largest of the British Breeds and the quietest. Besides its outstanding growth potential, the South Devon has the ability to put on lean meat without excess fat. As well as being an excellent terminal sire, the mothering ability and ease of calving and early maturity are all great assets of this breed. The South Devon has one unique trait that is very uncommon for most British Breeds that is it is very tick resistant. The South Devon breed is recognized for its placidness. Breed Specifications True-to-Type Verification

All animals in all categories are to be individually inspected l Rumps - long and full, wide and square with wide pin to ensure they comply with the South Devon Cattle Society bones and level tail setting. Rounds - deep and wide to of Australia’s Phenotypic Standards. the hocks. A strong tail with a good brush. l Legs showing plenty of fine bone straight and squarely Compliance Standard: positioned giving good, easy movement. Fore legs not l A fine, sometimes curly, coat of varying shades wide apart. Feet -medium sized with even claws, neither of golden red colour or black. Sometimes paler on the too long nor down on the pasterns. underline and legs, hide loose and supple. l Bull showing strong male caracteristics. Testes to be l Somewhat longish head with a broad, clean muzzle, pendulous and large in size. Frmae score between 5 and free of discolouration. Horn, if present, fine white 7.1 with fleshing ability to attain a weight of or yellow. Eyes hooded and alert but placid. Ears 1000kg plus at maturity. reasonably large and horizontal. l Cow lighter and finer muscled and more wedge l Deep and full in girth, ribs - well sprung with good shaped than the bulls, but with plenty of volume. extension. Deep in the flank giving a good clean Showing a medium sized udder with even, medium underline. Back long and straight, wide with thick sized well placed teats. loins.

43 Square Meaters

Square Meaters calves have low birth weights (20 to 30kg), are extremely efficient feed converters and produce a 260 to 300kg weaner, comparable in weight to mainstream beef calves, at 8 to 9 months. The big difference is that Square Meaters calves produce a finished carcass, ready for market, with optimal fat cover at this age whilst mainstream calves may take up to 18 months to produce a finished carcass. The result of course is that you can stock more animals per acre and turn them off in a much shorter period – more profit whether you are on small or large acreage. Other traits which breeders like are their quite temperament, high milking ability of females, strong muscling with superior fleshing and a wonderful capacity to maintain good condition in even poor seasons. Breed Specifications True to type verification:

All animals from all categories are to be individually inspected to l Bulls go on to be around 800kg and 130cm at the top ensure they comply with the Square Meaters Cattle Association of of the shoulder at maturity. Australia’s Pheonotypic standards l Females around 500kg and 125cm. Compliance Standard: l No dairy or Bos Indicus features. l Silver to grey in colour with dark hooves and dark skin. l Typically Square Meaters have a deep well-muscled l No signs of developing or ever having a horn or scur. body on short legs.

44 Wagyu

Wagyu beef is known worldwide for its melt-in-your-mouth texture, depth of flavour and tenderness. Australia was at the forefront of Fullblood Wagyu imports from Japan, through the US, in the early 1990’s, establishing a strong base of outstanding Fullblood genetics across each of the three major Wagyu blood lines. Wagyu has been a natural fit with the Japanese orientated long-fed Australian feedlot industry, making Australia the leading Wagyu seedstock and beef producer outside Japan. Breed Description: Japanese Wagyu derive from native Asian cattle, which were Category 1 animals are registered in the Australian Wagyu infused with British and European breeds in the late 1800’s. Association Herdbook and at least three generations of Although the breed was closed to outside breed lines in 1910, pedigree are available on both the sire and dam side. regional isolation has produced a number of different blood lines with varying conformation. These breeding differences ACGEA Crossbred Category (Specific to Wagyu) – Wagyu have produced a Japanese national Wagyu herd which Crossbred Breeding Females comprises 90% black with the remainder being red. The following Wagyu specific subcategories apply to Wagyu ACGEA Category 1 – Herdbook Registered Fullblood or Pure crossbred breeding females: Bred Wagyu Stud Breeding Cattle F3 Crossbred Wagyu - has 87.5% Wagyu content and is Fullblood (FB) Wagyu are the offspring of a Fullblood Wagyu the result of three generations of breeding using a Fullblood sire and a Fullblood Wagyu dam whose forebears originate Wagyu sire and an F2 cross bred Wagyu dam. from Japan and whose pedigrees show no evidence of any F2 Crossbred Wagyu - has 75% Wagyu content and is the cross breeding. result of two generations of breeding using a Fullblood Pure Bred (PB) Wagyu have greater than 93.7% Wagyu Wagyu sire and an F1 cross bred Wagyu dam. content and are the result of at least four generations of cross F1 Crossbred Wagyu - has 50% Wagyu content and is the breeding, using a Fullblood Wagyu sire with an F3 or higher result of the first generation of breeding a Fullblood Wagyu cross bred Wagyu dam. sire with the dam of another breed.

Breed Specifications

True to type verification: l No Bos indicus features. All animals from all categories are to be individually inspected l All bulls in Category 1 will be verified as being free from to ensure they comply with the Australian Wagyu Association’s the recognised genetic conditions B3, CHS, CL16, based on Phenotypic Standards. information in the Australian Wagyu Association database. l All Wagyu breeding animals (F1 to FB) are required to be Compliance Standard: registered with the Australian Wagyu Association (AWA) prior l Horned or developing or having had a horn or scur. to ACGEA certification. This is in accordance with the AWA l Lighter boned skeletal structure. registration regulations. Fullblood and Purebred animals will be recorded in the Herd Book Register. F1 to F3 animals will l Black or red coat colour. be recorded in the Crossbred Register. Contact the AWA for l No white skin above the underline or on a leg or foot, unless it further information and requirements on recording animals in is a birth mark (applicable to Category 1). these registers.

45 4 Glossary of Terms

Artificial Insemination (AI) The introduction of semen into the female reproductive tract via pipette. AI allows the breeder use of the best possible bulls of proven quality in improving the genetic make-up of the cattle population. Bos Indicus Breeds of Tropical cattle. Descendant of cattle. Heat and tick resistant. Eg. Brahman, Droughtmaster, Santa Gertrudis. Bos Taurus Breeds of European and British cattle. Better suited to temperate climates. Eg. Angus, Hereford, Limousin. Bovine Animals of the ox family - cattle. Breed Society/Association The organisation responsible for registering and recording animals of a particular breed for its members. Eg. The Angus Society of Australia. Breeder, Breeder Cattle Animals used specifically for breeding. Animals whose role is to be a parent. Seedstock Bull A male bovine capable of reproducing. Calf A baby bovine. Carcase The body of a deceased animal after being dressed (removal of head, feet, hide and internal organs). Conception/Conceive Fertilisation: union of the egg and sperm; inception of pregnancy. Condition The health of the animal relating to fat cover. Eg. An animal with adequate fat cover is in good condition. Cow A mature female bovine. Dam Mother of a particular animal. De-horned Horns have been removed. DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid. Molecule that carries genetic information. Docility A measure of cattle behaviour when handled by humans or put in an unusual environment. Ear Tag Physical identifier. Usually applied by the breeder to the ear. Ear Tattoo Physical identifier. Usually applied by the breeder as a permanent physical marking in the ear.

46 EBV Estimated Breeding Value (EBV). Prediction of an animal’s genetic merit based on the pedigree and performance data of the animal and its relatives. Embryo The fertilised egg of a vertebrate animal. Feed Efficiency The efficiency with which cattle convert feed into beef. Feedlot/”Feeding” An intensive feeding situation where cattle are fed a high protein grain-based diet to reach optimum market specifications. Fertility A measure of the ability of the female to conceive and produce offspring, or of the male to fertilise the female. Flush Report Report completed by the attending veterinarian who performed the embryo flush procedure. Frame size A description of the animals skeletal size reflective of the growth pattern and age of the animal. Freeze Brand A brand or logo which is applied to an animal using an iron dipped in Liquid Nitrogen or Dry Ice. Branding is used for identification purposes. Gene/Genetics The physical unit of heredity. A linear sequence of nucleotides along a segment of DNA that provides the coded instructions for synthesis of RNA, which, when translated into protein, leads to the expression of hereditary character. Generation Period between the birth of parents and the birth of their offspring. The entire body of individuals born and living at about the same time. Graded The combination of scores used in assessing the quality of an animal. Graded up/Grading up Term used to describe the process of increasing the percentage of breed content in offspring by performing a particular mating. Heifer A female bovine that has not produced a calf and is under 42 months of age. Herd Book A book and/or database containing the list and pedigrees of purebred cattle from one or more herds in a Breed Society/ Association. May also be called Stud Book. Marbling The intramuscular fat content of beef. In a carcase, appears as fine flecks within the muscle. Contributes to flavour and tenderness. Marbling is affected by genetics and nutritional management as well as the environment. Maternal Relating to or derived from the mother.

47 Glossary of Terms (continued)

Multi-sire Where more than one bull is used to service a large group of females. Cattle in ACGEA Category 2 may be bred using a Multi- Sire mating group. To be eligible for Category 2, bulls used must be purebred registered animals. Neutered A castrated (male) or speyed (female) animal. NLIS National Livestock Identification System. Compulsory Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) devices are carried by all cattle for unique identification and enable electronic tracing of the animal from birth to slaughter. Pedigree A genealogical table, chart, list, or record of an animal. Phenotypic Observable physical or biochemical characteristics, as determined by both genetic makeup and environmental influences. Pink eye Conjunctivitis in Cattle. Occurs mainly in young cattle. Most animals recover untreated in around 3-5 weeks. Poll/Polled An animal that naturally does not have horns as a result of its genetics. Eg. Poll Hereford. Progeny An animal’s offspring, direct descendants of the animal. Protocol The code of correct conduct. Purebred Belonging to a recognised strain established by breeding individuals of unmixed lineage over many generations. Breed composition made up of at least 93.75% of one particular breed. Fourth generation offspring in a grading up program. Ring worm Any of a number of contagious skin diseases caused by certain parasitic fungi and characterised by the formation of ring-shaped eruptive patches. Scrotum The external sac of skin that encloses the testicles. The scrotum keeps the testes at the optimal temperature for producing sperm. Scur Incompletely developed horn, not attached to the skull, generally loose and moveable. Stud Animals used specifically for breeding. Animals whose role is to be a parent and registered with a breed association. Semen Secretion of the male reproductive organs, containing sperm. Semen Straw Semen collected from a bull for use in Artificial Insemination is stored in a straw which is then stored in a cane and frozen in Liquid Nitrogen.

48 Sheath The tubular fold of skin into which the bull’s penis is retracted. Sheath Score Bulls may receive a sheath score. It is generally more desirable for a bull’s sheath to be close to the body. The closer to their body and cleaner their sheath is, the higher the sheath score will be. Sire Father of a particular animal. Standard Something considered by an authority or by general consent as a basis of comparison; an approved model. Steer A castrated male bovine. Structure The overall composition of the animal relating to skeletal structure. Temperament An animal’s behavioural response when being handled. Eg. A bull with a good temperament. True-to-type The expected form of an animal that complies with the Phenotypic Standards of that breed and its breed society.

49 NOTES:

50 NOTES:

51 A DIVISION OF

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