Effluent Guidelines

37570 PROPOSED RULES [6560-01] achievable, BCT also requires that the (see appendix A) which were pub. cost associated with the limitations be lished in support of the promulgation ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION reasonable in relation to the effluent of the BAT guidelines for each indus AGENCY reductions. trial category. In the determination of BCT for [40 CFR Parts 405, 406, 407, 408, 409, 411, POLLUTANTS COVERED BY THE REvizv 412, 418, 422, 424, 426, 427, 432] each point source subcategory the Act states that EPA must consider the: Section 304(a)(4) of the Act specifies BEST CONVENTIONAL POLLUTANT CONTROL reasonableness of the relationship between that conventional pollutants should TECHNOLOGY the costs of attaining a reduction in ef- Include, but not be limited to, biologi- Reasonableness of Existing Effluent Limitation fluents and the effluent reduction benefits cal oxygen demanding pollutants derived, and the comparison of the cost and Guidelines (BOD5), total suspended solids (TSS), level of reduction of such pollutants from fecal coliform, and pH, The Agency, in AGENCY: Environmental Protection the discharge of publicly owned treatment works to the cost and level of reduction of a separate action, Is proposing that Agency (EPA). such pollutants from a class or category of chemical oxygen demanding pollut- ACTION: Proposed rules. industrial sources, * * * ants (COD), oil and grease, and total phosphorus be added to the conven- SUMMARY: EPA has reviewed certain The Act also lists other considerations tional pollutant list. This review of existing effluent guideline limitations including, but not limited to, age of BAT effluent guidelines assumes the for best available technology economi- equipment, production processes, addition of these pollutants to the cally achievable (BAT) which have energy requirements, and other appro- conventional pollutant list and in- been promulgated for conventional priate factors. The legislative language cludes them in the analysis of reason- pollutants. These guidelines have been clearly indicates that final BCT efflu- ableness where appropriate. If, at any reviewed to determine if they are not ent guidelines limitations cannot be time, pollutants are added or deleted only economically achievable, but are more stringent than present BAT from the conventional pollutant list, also reasonable. For those guidelines guidelines or less stringent than "best the Agency will reevaluate all effluent which are reasonable, EPA is propos- practicable control technology cur- guidelines affected by such revisions. ing that the BAT control of conven- rently available" (BPT) guidelines. However, in the case of both fecal tional pollutants be redefined as best' In addition, section 73 of the Clean coliform and pH, the BAT regulations conventional pollutant control tech- Water Act of 1977 directs the Agency under review are always equivalent to nology (BCT). For those guidelines to review, immediately, all existing BPT regulations. Therefore, no fur- which are unreasonable, EPA is pro- final or interim final BAT effluent ther analysis has been performed on posing that the existing BAT controls guidelines for conventional pollutants these pollutants, and BCT controls of for conventional pollutants be within those industries not covered in the pH and fecal coliform are being pro- drawn, leaving best practicable control consent agreement (NRDC v. Train, 8 posed to be the same as BPT. Conse- technology currently available (BPT) ERC 2120 (D.D.C. 1976)). These indus- quently, the pollutants considered in in place as the limitation of record tries are often referred to as "second- this review are BOD5, TSS, COD, oil until new BCT limitations are devel- ary industries." This review was to be and grease, and total phosphorus. oped. completed within 90 days of enact- This review of BAT guidelines con- DATE: Comments must be received on ment of the Act (March 27, 1978). centrates only on discharges of process or before October 23, 1978. INDusTRIEs CovERED By Tins REWviw waste water. BAT guidelines which refer to the control rainwater runoff ADDRESS: Send comments on this As directed by Congress, in this proposal (e.g., sizing of a treatment system to to: Mr. David Fege, Environ- review EPA has evaluated all BAT -reg- contain a 25-year storm or catastroph- mental Protection Agency, Office of ulations for conventional pollutants ic event) are not included in the review Analysis and Evaluation (WH-586), which apply to industries not covered because the Agency does not believe 401 M Street SW., Washington, D.C. by the NRDC consent agreement that this was the intent of Congress. 20460. (those not listed in table 2 of Commit- The legislative history specifically in-. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION tee Print No. 95-30 of the Committee dicates that BCT applies to the con- CONTACT: on Public Works and Transportation trol of process waste water as the area Mr. David Fege, Water Economics of the Hosue of Representatives). of concern. Also, runoff regulations Branch (WH-586), 401 M Street Those 13 industries with final or inter- are not amenable to analysis using the SW., Washington, D.C. 20460, phone im final BAT guidelines which were BCT test called for in the legislation. 202-426-2617. studied are listed in tables 1 and 2. However, complete analysis has not METHODOLOGY FOR DETERMINING SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION been carried out on all of these indus- RASONABLENESS OF BAT REGULATIONS .- try subcategories. If BPT and BAT do BACKGROUND The objective of this review is to not allow a discharge of process waste evaluate existing BAT regulations to Section 304(b)(4) of the Clean Water water, or BAT control is equivalent, to determine whether these regulations Act (the "Act") establishes "best con- BPT, no change in limitations is pro- meet the reasonableness criteria for ventional pollutant control technol- posed. Since BPT is the minimum limi- BCT limitations. ogy" (BCT) for existing industrial tation allowed, no analysis is required The Agency has developed a cost point sources that discharge conven- because BAT represents no further test which it believes Is In keeping tional pollutants. BCT is not an addi- control past BPT. The subcategories with the congressional mandate to es- tional limitation but replaces "best which fell into this group are listed'in tablish BCT effluent limitations. The available technology economically table 1. The 93 subcategories in table 2 Act states that the EPA shall consider achievable" (BAT) for the control of were studied further. the "reasonableness of the relation- conventional pollutants. BAT will Due to the large number of effluent ship between the costs of attaining a remain in force for all nonconven- guidelines under review, and especially reduction in effluents and the effluent tional and toxic pollutants. The pur- due to the congressional directives to reduction benefits derived." The legis pose of BCT is to add an additional perform a brief review, the Agency relative history indicates that the intent test to the effluent limitation process. stricted its gathering of data for this of the Congress was to find that point Whereas the Act previously required review to the development documents at which additional levels of control that BAT limitations be economically and the economic analyses -documents resulted in greatly increased costs with

FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL 43 NO. 164-WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 23, 1978 PROPOSED RULES 37571 only minor additional reductions in ef- 2. Calculation of industrial Polut- A separate calculation was made for fluents. The history of the legislation ant removal. The Incremental removal removal of phosphorous in POTW's further states that one method of de- of conventional pollutants Is calculat- which Is based on the costs and remov- termining the reasonableness of this ed by determining the difference be- als of a treatment system for phospho- relationship is the comparison of the tween the annual removal of conven- rous removal which is added to second- cost and level of reduction of conventional pollutants after compliance ary treatment. Appendix B contains a tional pollutants from the discharge of with BPT and the annual removal of more detailed discussion of the POTW publicly owned treatment works conventional pollutants after compli- cost ratio, while appendix C details (POTW) to the cost and level of reduc- ance with BAT. EPA has grouped con- the cost data used in making these de- tion of the same pollutants by indus- ventional pollutants Into three catego- cisions. trial sources."Although one may inter- ries: Nutrients (phosphorus,), suspend- 5. Comparison of industrial and pret this to mean two cost tests, the ed solids (TSS), and oxygen-demand- POTW ratio&In order to determine legislative history supports the Agen- Ing substances (BODS, COD and oil whether or not the Industria regula- cy's position that only one test is re- and grease). (For those Industries tion under review meets BCT require- quired. The history establishes the under review, no regulation required ments for reasonableness, the ratio for concept of reasonableness as a factor ncreased controls of pH and fecal col- the Industrial subcategory Is compared in the determination of BCT, and then form, and therefore these pollutants to the POTW ratio for a POTW of the states that a POTW comparison is a were not considered In the review.) same flow. In this review, if the indus- proper mechanism for determining For the Industrial subcategory, the In- trial ratio Is less than the POTW ratio, reasonableness. Therefore, the Agency cremental costs of removal attained then the BCT regulation is equated to has developed a POTW cost compari- from BPT to BAT are calculated using BAT, and no further analysis is done. son as a basis for determining the rea- one pollutant from each group. If a 6. Concentration of conventional sonableness of BCT limitations. group is not represented, then it Is not Pollutants.For those BAT regulations In summary, the BCT test compares included In the evaluation. Table 3 de- which have higher costs than the additional cost incurred by an in- tails which pollutants are used in the POTW's, a second test Is applied to dustrial point source to remove calculation depending on which are assure that the final effluent concen- an ad- of conventional pollutants are ditional pound of conventional pollut- regulated. trations ants beyond BPT limitations, to the 3. Calculationof the industrialratio. not significantly higher than those The ratio of incremental annual costs found In POTW's with normal second- cost incurred by a POTW of a similar ary treatment. If the concentration of flow to remove an additional pound of to Incremental conventional pollutant removal Is then calculated. That is conventional pollutants is significantly conventional pollutants at a similar larger, then this review is proposing level of stringency. If the industrial (BAT annual costs-BPT annual costs)/ that BCT be equivalent' to existing cost is lower; the control of conven- (BAT pounds of conventional pollutants BAT (Le. the limitation is considered tional-pollutants for the BAT effluent removed-BPr pounds of conventional pollutants removed) reasonable even though the costs are guideline limitation is considered rea- higher). The concentration test is used sonable and the controls of conven- This ratio represents the average as a final check to Insure that the in- tional pollutants are being proposed as annual incremental cost to remove a dustrial subcategory is not discharging BCT limitations. pound of conventional pollutants In at significantly higher concentration A second test is applied in those in- terms of dollars per pound. It provides levels that a POTW, and also to give stances where the industrial cost is an Idea of the "cost-effectiveness" of the Agency some guidance when the -higher than the cost to a POTW of conventional pollutant removal results of the cost test are close. It is comparable flow. The final industrial beyond BPT. not -designed to be a rigid test, but effluent concentration of conventional 4. Calculation of P0TW cost-effec- rather, to be a flexible tool for those pollutants is compared to the final ef- tiveness ratio. A ratio similar to the cases where the cost test does not give fluent concentration of conventional industrial ratio is calculated to deter- clear guidance on whether the regula- pollutants in POTW's with secondary mine the average incremental annual tion meets the BCT requiremenL treatment. If the concentration of con- cost to remove conventional pollutants ventional pollutants is significantly from POTW's. (POTW costs have SUMMARY oF DEnm AIONS higher for the industrial point source, been updated to 1976 dollars.) The in- Table 4 summarizes the results of the BAT effluent guidelines are con- cremental cost of removing a pound of the review. sidered reasonable, because the per- BOD5 and TSS when progressing from Based on this review the Agency has formance of, the industrial plant normal secondary treatment (effluent determined that the BAT control of should approach the technological with 30 parts per million of BODS and conventional pollutants for 50 subcate- performance of the POTW. If the in- TSS each) to better secondary treat- gories are reasonable and is proposing dustrial concentrations are not signifi- ment (effluent with 12 parts per mil- that BCT for the 50 subcategories be cantly higher, then the regulation is lion of BOD5 and TSS each) Is com- equal to the current BAT guidelines. unreasonable because not only are the puted for POTW's that are larger Most of the reasonable regulations are costs higher, but the performance Is than 1 million gallons per day (GPD). comprised of subcategories from the similar to that of a POTW. More ex- For POTW's between 10,000 GPD and following industries: Dairy products, Villcitly, the evaluation was conducted 1 million GPD. the difference of aver- fruit and vegetable processing, seafood in the following steps. age annual costs to remove a pound of processing, and grain millin indus- 1. Calculation of industrial costs. BOD5 and TSS between faculative la- tries. The incremental annual costs are cal- goons (effluent of 30 parts per million Sixteen of the subcategory regula- culated by determining the difference of BOD5 and 60 parts per million of tions are unreasonable, and conse- between the annual costs for a model TSS) and package treatment plants quently, the Agency is proposing to plant representing an nduftrial subca- (effluent of 25 parts per million of withdraw the BAT effluent guidelines tegory to achieve BPT and the annual BOD5 and 25 parts per million of for conventional pollutants until such costs to achieve BAT. Annual costs In- TSS) is determined. Different sized time that proper levels of control can clude operation, and maintenance ex- treatment plants are used because be determined. Regulations that are penses, capital costs, and depreciation. EPA generally does not require the unreasonable are found in the glass These costs have been updated to 1976 same treatment level for small municl. manufacturing industry, the fruit and dollars. pal treatment plants. vegetable processing industry, the

FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL 43 NO. 164-WDNESDAY, AUGUST 23, 1978 37572 PROPOSED RULES grain milling industry, the ferroalloy and easy to apply, and which seems to An average size POTW cost Is $0.82 manufacturing industry, and the result in sensible determinations. per pound and BAT for 21 subcategor- cement industry. In the case of one The test compares the incremental ies would be unreasonable; the 10 sub. subcategory in the fruit and vegetable costs per pound of pollutant removed categories that are unreasonable using industry (apple products), the BAT between BPT and BAT to an incre- the present methodology are included control Is reasonable for the large mental cost for POTW's at similar in this total. Eight subcategories model plant and unreasonable for the levels of stringincy. This approach de- would be split. small model plant. Therefore the termines the cost to remove the last The Agency has not used the "typi- Agency is proposing to withdraw the few pounds of pollutants at either the -cal" POTW approach for two reasons. regulations for all plants smaller than POTW or industrial subcategory First, the selection of a "typical" size 100-ton-per-day plant. Similarly, for under consideration. The alternative POTW Is difficult. As can be seen the crystalline cane sugar refining approach would be to compare average from the examples above, there are subcategory, the BAT control is rea- costs per pound of pollutant removed several logical choices, each leading to sonable for the large model plant and from no control to BCT levels, or in different conclusions. Second, the unreasonable for the small model the case of the POTW's, from no con- comparison of model plants to plant. Therefore the Agency is propos- trol to secondary treatment. This may POTW's of similar flows entails a com- ing to withdraw the regulations for all result in more stringent BCT limita- parison involving similar technical fac- plants producing less than 2,100 tons tions. The primary reason that the in- tors; however, It also compares the per day of melt. The Agency requests cremental approach has been selected cost of the private sector to the cost comments on this proposed split of over the comparison of average costs is that society Is willing to pay to clean these subcategories. that the focus of BCT control should the same volume of effluent In munici- For 14 subcategories in the seafood be to determine the appropriate pal plants. The Agency believes that processing industry the Agency has amount of additional control beyond this comparison is in keeping with the determined that It does not have suffi- BPT. In fact, congressional intent is intent of the Act. cient data to properly assess the BAT that there should not be a reevalua- 2. Calculation of pollutant removal guidelines and is proposing to with- tion of BPT or the costs associated When more than one pollutant from draw the BAT control of conventional with it since Congress specified that the same class (i.e. oxygen demanding, pollutants until further analysis can BCT should be more than or equal to solids, or nutrients) are regulated in be performed. BPT. an industrial subcategory, the method- For four meat processing subcate- An additional issue involves the size ology considers at most one pollutant gories, part of the BAT guidelines of the POTW with which the model from each class. Thus, if BOD5 and have been remanded by the courts. plant is being compared. The test pro- COD were controlled, only the BODS The Agency will evaluate the control would be used in the BCT test because of conventional posed here compares the costs of an pollutants when the industrial plant with the costs for a if the pounds of BOD5 and COD re- analysis required by the remand is POTW of the same flow. This ap- moved were totaled, significant complete. In the interim, the Agency proach determines whether the cost of double-counting would occur, and the is proposing to suspend BAT control cost per pound for the subcategory of conventional pollutants-(except pH industrial treatment compares favor- ably with the costs of a POTW treat- would be lowered. This would result in and fecal coliform which were not re- more stringent BCT regulations than manded) in these regulations. ment system of similar flow. An alternative approach is to compare the in- proposed. (See appendix B.) Seven subcategories in the asbestos 3. Ability of methodology to handle manufacturing industry were deter- dustrial costs to a single cost figure for a POTW of a "typical" size. The future additions to the conventional mined not to be part of this review, pollutant list. A concern Is whether since the BAT control of zero dis- Agency has evaluated three potential typical sizes: ' the proposed BCT tests will be appli- charge Is designed to remove toxic pol- cable for additions to the conventional lutants. 1. A small POTW (20,000 gallons per day). pollutants list. Because it Is Impossible For all other subcategories (see table 2. A median size POTW (150,000 gallons to predict which pollutants will be 2), including these subcategories per day). added in the future, and consequently, where pH or fecal coliform are con- 3. An average size POTW (6 million gallons per day). difficult to assess the suitability of the trolled, the BAT control of conven- methodology, applicability of the test tional polutants is equal to the BPT If a small POTW is used as the typical for additions to the list will be consId. control of conventional pollutants. size, the POTW value to which all in- ered at the time that the pollutants Since the legislative history clearly industrial model plants would be com- are added. It is believed that the pro- dicates that BCT cannot be more pared is $1.72 per pound of pollutant posed methodology is flexible enough stringent than BAT nor less stringent removed. This criteria would result in to handle the three proposed additions than BPT, further analysis is not re- a more stringent BCT test with fewer to 'the conventional pollutant list quired. Therefore, the Agency is pro- unreasonable BAT regulations. Under (under separate rulemaking) as well as posing that the BCT control on con- this circumstance, BAT regulations for any other possible addition. ventional pollutants for these subcate- 11 complete subcategories would not 4. Applicability to regulations which gories be equal to the present BAT meet the BCT test. These 11 subcate- control conventional, nonconven- control. gories also fail the BCT test using the tional, and toxic pollutants. A prob- More detailed discussion of the pro- proposed methodology. Parts of four lem that will occur, especially when posed determinations for each indus- other subcategories also would not the BCT evaluation is applied to pri- trial subcategory is presented in ap- pass the test. (For these four subcate- mary industries, is the allocation of pendix D. gories, some of the model plants in the control costs for an industrial subcate- specific subcategory IssuEs REGARDING BCT EVALUATION pass .while others gory in which toxic or nonconven. fail, thus causing a "sblt" for that tional pollutants are regulated in addi- 1. Nature of the POTW test. A major subcategory.) tion to conventional pollutants. In focus of concern is the BCT test itself. If the median size POTW is used as those cases, EPA may make an excep, There are many types and variations the typical size, the POTW value tion to the BCT test, and evaluate of tests which can be defensibly em- would be $1.20 per pound, causing 13 whether or not the BAT technology is ployed. A methodology is being pro- subcategories to fail the test. A total required to control toxic and/or non. posed here which is relatively simple of eight subcategories would be split. conventional pollutants, regardless of

FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL 43 NO. 164-WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 23, 1978 PROPOSED RULES 37573 coincident control of conventional pol- data is open to public inspectlon'atthe hereby proposed to be amended as set lutants. In these cases, the costs to above libraries. Location of the region- forth below. control conventional pollutants can al and headquarters libraries are In- Dated August 10, 1978. only be estimated. Comment is re- cluded in appendix F. quested on this approach.' In consideration of the foregoing, ef- DOUGLAS M COSTLE, fected 40 CFR Parts 400-469 are Administrator. EcoNosuc-IwPAcT ANALYSIS Executive Order, 12044, Improving TAmrx 1.-Industries aridsubcategories which did not rquirefurlher analysis Government Regulations, does not Grainmills (4) apply to this proposed action because Normal wheat flour milling Animal feed this proceeding was pending at the Normal rice milling Hot cereal time the order was issued. However, as Cement mant'aturing() called for in the Executive order, the Nonleaching Materl storace piles., runoff Agency has examined a number of dif- Fedlats (1) ferent alternatives to the proposed Al subcategories except ducks Feriiflier(4) BCT test, and these are discussed in Phosphate Ammonlumsulfate productlon appendix E. Ammonia Med and blendlertflfrerpreduction BAT guide- Because the proposed plhate manut;fcturng() lines will, in no instance, be more stringent than. the previous BAT Deflourinated phosphate rock Deflourlnated phosphorc aid guidelines, no additional economic 7ralloya manufacftuing (1) impact will occur. The economic im- Other calcium carbide furnaces pacts of the BAT regulations were al- Glass mantffcfurn (2) ready considered in the development Sheet glass manufacturing Rolled cla manufacturing of those regulations and were judged tsbestos manufacturfrg(4) to be acceptable. Although waivers Asbestos mlboard Solvent re cry may not be obtained for BCT limits, Coating or flnisbinZ of asbesto3 textiles Vapor ntrptlan all economic analysis of BAT limitations was performed under the as- sumption that no waivers would be TA= 2.-Industries and subcategorieswhichr were studied granted. In those cases where BAT regulations are determined to be un- Dairy products processing(12) reasonable, new BCT will be less strin- Receiving stations Fluid mix for fce cream and other frozen desserts gent than the original BAT regula- Flud products Ice cream. frozen desserts noveltiLs and other tions, and thus will require less inveqt- dairydtesserts ment expenditures than were original- Cultured products Dry milk ly required. Until new BCT limitations Butter Coaudened whey Cottage cheese and cultured cream cheese Dry whey are developed, however, investment Natural and processed cheese Conde ed milk savings will be unknown. Grainmills (6) CoMNTs INvITE Corn wet milling Parboiled rice prce=ng Corn dry milling Ready.to cat cereal The Agency urges interested individ- Bul=ur wheat flour milling Wheat st ch and gluten uals to submit comments -on the meth- Canne.d and preserredfruits and regetab!es prcewing (8) odological approach that was used to Apple Juice Dehydrated potato products determine reasonableness and to Apple products Canned and preerved fruits define BCT. It must be emphasized Citrus products Canned and pre-erved vegetables that the methodology establishes the Frozen potato products Canned and m:cellaneous specialties definition of reasonableness, and thus Canned and preserred walbod processing (28) comments should focus on the appro- Farm raised catfish Tuna processing priateness of the -proposed methodolo- Conventional blue crab Fhis meal proqesing gy or alternative methodologies. All Mechanized blue crab West Coast hand butchered almon proce- comments received by (60 days after Ing Nonremote Alaskan crab meat West Coast mechanized salmon processina publication) will be considered in the Remote Alaskan crab meat NonAlakan conventional bottom fish promulgation of BCT effluent limita- Nonremote Als*n whole crab and crab section NonAlaskan mechanized bott(n fish process- tion guidelines. Ing NonAlaskan scallop procem-in Hand-shucked clam processing INFoRwATION AVAILABLE Mechanized clam prcces3ing Remote Alaskan whole crab and crab section Pacific Coast hand-shucked oy-ter processing Copies of this FEDERAL REGISTER Duneness and tanner crab procein in the con- Atlantic and Gulf Coast hand-shucked oyster tiguous States proceasing notice can be obtained, without Nonremote Alaskan shrimp Steamed and canned oyster processing charge, by contacting: Anne Andrews, Remote Alaskan Shrimp Sardine precesing Environmental Protection Agency, 401 Northern shrimp processing In the contiguous NonAlaskan herring fillet processing (WH-586), Washington, , States M Street SW. Southern nonbreaded shrimp processing in the Abalone procowsng D.C. 20460, 202-426-2617. contiguous States The costs and pollutant removal NonAlaskan whole crab and crab section proces-c data used in this review are taken Inc Breaded shrimp processing In the contiguous from the development documents and States economic analyses that were published in the development of BAT guidelines. Sugar processing (3) These documents are available for Beat sugar processing Liquid cane sugar refining public inspection at all EPA regional Crystalline cano sugar refining Cement manufacturing(1) libraries and the EPA headquarters li- Leaching, brary in Washington, D.C. Also, a 200- Feedlot (1) page summary of cost and removal Ducks

FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL 43NO. 164-WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 23, 1978 37574 PROPOSED RULES

TABLE 2.-Industriesand subcategorieswhich were studied-Continued Phosphatemanufacturing (1) Sodium phosphates Fernoallovsmanufacturing (6) Open electric furnaces with wet air pollution con- Slag processing trol devices Covered electric furnaces and other smelting oper- Covered calcium carbide with wet air pollu. atlons with wet air pollution control devices tion control devices Electrolytic manganese products Electrolytic chromium

Glass manufacturing(10) Electrolytic chromium Glassmanufacturing (10) Insulation fiberglass Glass tubing (Danner) manufacturing Plate glass manufacturing Television picture tube envelope manufactur. ing Float glass manufacturing Incandescent lamp envelope manufacturing Automotive glass tempering Hand pressed and blown glass manufacturing Automotive glass laminating Glass container manufacturing Asbestos manufacturing(12 Asbestos-cement pipe Asbestos roofing Asbestos-cement sheet Asbestos floor tile Asbestos paper (starch binder) Wet dust collection Asbestos paper (elastomeric binder) Meat products(10) Simple slaughterhouse Meat cutter Complex slaughterhouse Sausage and luncheon meats processor Low processing packinghouse Ham processor High processing packinghouse Canned meats processor Small processor Renderer

TABLE 3

Pollutants regulated Pollutants considered in calculation BeD5 ...... BeDS BeOD5 and TSS ...... BOD5 and TSS BED5, oil and grease ...... BOD5 TSS ...... TSS TSS. oil and grease ...... TSS, oil and grease - BOD5, COD, TSS ...... BOD5, TSS COD ...... COD Ol and grease ...... Oil and grease

FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL 43, NO, 164-WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 23, 1978 PROPOSED RULES 37575

TABLu 4

(1) (2) -4 5) Industry-Subcategory (CFR BCT-BAT BAT Insufldcntdata. JudIcalremand. BATanalysisnot Part) unrmsonable. EAT suspended BAT suspended requlred no action BATsuspended

Dairy L Receiving station...... (405.13) X 2. Fluid products..... (405.23) X 3. Cultured products (405.33) X 4. Butter.. (405.43) x 5. Cottage. cream cheese (405.53) X 6. Natural. processed cheese (405.63) x 7. Fluid mix ice cream.. .. ------. (405.73) x 8. Ice cream, frozen desserts...... (405.83) X 9. Condensed rnilk... (405.93) X 10. Dry milk- ...... (405.103) x 11. Condensed whey (405.113) X 12. Dry whey...... ----- (405.123) x Grain mils 13. Corn wet-...... - - (406.13) X 14. Corn dry--. .. (406.23) X 15. Bulgar wheat-... . (406.43) X 16. Parboiled rice . . . (406.83) X 17. Ready-to-eat (406.93) X 18. Wheat starch and gluten (406.103) X Canned and preseredfruits and vegetablaes 19. Apple juice. (407.13) X 20. Apple product . (407.23Y x X 2L Citrus products. (407.33) x 22. Frozen potato (407.43) X 23. Dehydrated potato ... .. (407.53) X 24. Canned and preserved fruits * (407.63) x 25. Canned and preserved vegetables- - (407.73) X 26. Canned and mscellaneous specialities. (407.83) x Canned and preserved seafoods 27.armraisedcatfish (408.13) 28. Conventi6nal blue crab (408.23)- 29. Mechanized blue crab - - (408.33) 30. Nonremote Alaskan crab - (408.43) (408.53) 32 ae aWilaskan whole crab - (408.63) 33.R whole crab __ (408.73) 34. Dfungengs-and Tanner crab - (408.83) -35. Nonremote Alaskan shrimp- (408.93) 86. Remote Alaskan shrimp-...... (407.103)- 37. Northern shrimp (408.113) 38. Southern nonbreaded shrimp (408.123) 39. Breaded shrimp - (408.133) 40. Tuna_.. (408.143) 41. Fish meat ...... (408153) X 42. West coast butchered salmon.- (408.183) x 43. West coast mechanized salmon- - (408.193) X 44. Non-Alaskan conventional bottom fish. (407.213) x 45. Non-Alaskan mechanized bottom fish. (408.233) X 46. Hand-shucked clam...... (408.243) X 47. Mechanized clam (408.253) x 48. Pacific hand-shucked oyster- (408.263) X 49. Atlantic and Gulf hand-shucked oyster (408.273) X 50. Steamed and canned ...... (408.283) X (408.293) X

FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL 43, NO. 164-WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 23, 1978 37576 PROPOSED RULES

TABLE 4-Continued

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) Industry-Subcategory (CFR BCT=BAT BAT Insufficient data, Judicial remand. BAT analyss not Part) unreasonable. BAT suspended BAT suspended required, no action BAT suspended

Canned and preserved seafoods 82. Non-Alaskan scallop ...... (408.303) X ...... 53. Non-Alaskan herring fillet ...... (408.323) X ...... 54. Abalone processing ...... (408.333) X ...... Sugarprocessing 55. Beet sugar ...... (409.13) X ...... 56. Crystalline cane sugar ...... (409.23) ...X -X ...... 57. Liquid cane sugar ...... (409.33) X ...... Cement 58. Leaching ...... (411.13) ...... X ...... Feedlot3 59. D ucks ...... (412.23) X ...... Ferroalloys 60. Open electric furnaces wet ...... (424.13) X ...... 61. Covered electric and smelting wet ...... (424.23) X ...... 4...... 61.8 2. ClgoeeSlag processed rcd ...... smelting...... et ... (424.23)(424.33) X ...... -. . " 111-. . . . 63..C veredcred l mccar idemw tc...... - X ...... I "...... ii'i', '',i~iii'. 64. Electrolytic manganese ...... (424.63) ...... X ...... , ...... 65. Electrolytic chromium ...... (424.713) . X ...... Glass 66. Insulated fiberglas ...... (426.13) X ...... 67. Plate ...... (426.43) X ...... 68. Float ...... (426.53) ...... X ...... 69. Auto tempering ...... (426.63) ...... X ...... 70. Auto lam inating...... (426.73) ...... X ...... 71. Container ...... (426.83) ...... X ...... '72. Tubing ...... (426.103) ...... X ...... '73. TV picture tube ...... (426.113) ...... X ...... '74. Incandecent ...... (426.123) ...... X ...... ,...... '75. Hand pressed and blown ...... (426.133) ...... X ...... Asbestos '76. Cement pipe ...... (427.13) ...... X 77. Cement aheet ...... (427.23) ...... '78. Paper (starch binder) ...... (427.33) ...... '79. Paper (elastomeric binder) ...... (427.43) ...... 80. Roofing ...... (427.63)._...... H 81. Floor ie ...... (427.73) ...... I

...... K 82. Wet dust collection ...... (427.113) ...... I...... K efcatproducts 83. Simple slaughterhouse ...... (432.13) ...... X 84. Complex slaughterhouse ...... (432.23) ...... X ...... 85. Low processing packinghose ...... (432.33) ...... X ...... I .. 86. Ifigh processing packinghouse ...... (432.43) ...... X ...... 87. Sm all processing ...... (432.53) X ...... I...... 1 ...... 1...... 88. M at cutter...... (432.63) X ...... 89. Sausage and luncheon ...... (432.73) X ...... 90. Ham processor ...... (432.83) X ...... 91. Canned meats ...... (432.93) X ...... 92. Renderers ...... (432.103) X ...... Phosphates 93. Sodium phosphates ...... (422.6)......

Column explanations: (1) BAT control of conventional pollutants has been determined to be reasonable. The Agency Is proposing that BCT be equal to the BAT control of conventional pollutants. The Agency is also proposing that BAT control of conventional pollutants be withdrawan. (2) The BAT control of conventional pollutants (except for pH) has been determined to be unreasonable. The Agency is proposing that the BAT control of conventional pollutants except for pH be withdrawn until such time that BCT standards can be developed. The Agency is also proposing that the BCT control of pI be equal to the BAT control. (3) Sufficient data to determine reasonableness Is not available. The Agency Is proposing that the BAT control of conventional pollutants (except pH) be with. drawn. The agency Is proposing that the BCT control of pH be equal to the BAT control. (4) The BAT regulations for these subcategories are currently under Judicial review. Consequently, the Agency is suspending the BAT control of conventional pollutants (except pH). The Agency is proposing that the BCT control of pH be equal to the BAT control. (5) These BAT regulations were removed from the review because it was determined that the BAT limitation of zero discharge controlled toxic pollutants, not conventional pollutants. * Apple Products-small plants (processing under 10 tons per day) were found to be unreasonable. Large plants (over 100 tons per day) were found remonable, The proposed subcategory regulation has been rewritten to cover only those plants processing over 100 tons per day. Comments are invited on this size cutoff, o. BAT limitations for mushrooms and tomatoes are being proposed as BCt. while regulations for all other products in these subcategories are determined to be unreasonable. ° Crystalline Cane Sugar-small plants (processing less than 600 tons per day) were found to be unreasonable. Large plants (over 2.100 tons per day) vvre found to be reasonable. The proposed subcategory regulation has been rewritten to cover only those plants processing over 2,100 tons per day. Comments are Invlt. ed on this size cutoff.

FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL 43, NO. 164-WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 23, 1978 PROPOSED RULES 37577

40 CFR, Subchapter N, Part 405 for nal section numbers reserved for 4. A new §406.47 for the bulgar the dairy products processing industry future use. wheat flour milling subcategory is point source category is proposed to be added as follows: Original - RevL d amended as follows: Subcategory section section desig- dedi- §406.47 Effluent limitations guidelines PART -405-EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS GUIDE- representing the degree of effluent re- LINES FOR STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE nation (40 nation (40 duction attainable by the application of AND PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR NEW CFR) CFR) the best conventional pollutant control SOURCES FOR THE DAIRY PRODUCTS PRO- Corn wet milling 400.13 40617 technology. CESSING INDUSTRY POINT SOURCE CATE- Corn dry millin - 40023 400-7 The following limitations establish GORY Parboiled rice processing- 400.63 406.67 Ready-to-eat cereal 400.93 400.97 the quantity or quality of pollutants 1. (a) The sections listed below are Wheat starch and gluten - 406.103 406.107 or pollutant properties controlled by redesignated as follows and the origi- this section, which may be discharged nal section numbers -reserved for (b) The title and first paragraph of by a point source subject to the provi- future use. the sections redesignated above are sions of this subpart after application amended to read as follows: of the best conventional pollutant con- Original Revised Effluent limitations guidelines rep- trol technology. Subcategory section section desig- desig- resenting the degree of effluent reduc- nation (40 nation (40 tion attainable by the application of Effluent characterifst Effluentllmlltatons CFR) CFR) the best conventional pollutant control technology. pH Within the range 6.0 to Receiving stations - _ 405.13 405.17 The following limitations establish 9.0. Fluid products -..... 405.23 405.27 the quantity or quality of pollutants Cultured products _ - 405.33 405.37 Butter . 405.43 405.47 or pollutant properties controlled by Cottage, cream cheese-- 405.53 405.57 this section, which may be discharged Natural, processed cheese..... 405.63 405.67 by a point source subject to the provi- PART 407--CANNED AND PRESERVED FRUITS Fluid mix ice cream - 405.73 405.77 AND VEGETABLES PROCESSING POINT Ice cream, frozen desserts, sions of this subpart after application novelties, and other dairy of the best conventional pollutant con- SOURCE CATEGORY desserts _ 405.83 405.87 trol technology. Condensed milk______405.93 405.97 Anl rTITW C2.0-1-~tJ~ljJ~ f,- 'hT~ 'D.,+OJ *~AM' -r-- Dry milk 405.103 405.107 the canned and preserved fruits and Condensed whey 405.113 405.117 Dry whey 405.123 405.127 vegetables processing point source cat- 2. The new sections listed below are egory Is proposed to be amended as added as follows: -, follows: (b) The title and first paragraph of Effluent limitations guidelines rep- the sections redesignated above are resenting the degree of effluent reduc- 1. The sections listed below are with- amended to read as follows: tion attainabale by the application of drawn and the section numbers re- EfflUent limitations guidelines rep- the best- conventional pollutant con- served for future use. resenting the degree of effluent reduc- trol technology. tion attainable by the application of The following limitations establish Section Subcategory designation the best conventional pollutant con- the quantity or quality of pollutants (40 CPR1) trol technology., or pollutant properties, which may be The following limitations establish discharged by a point source subject to Apple products 407.23 the quantity or quality of pollutants the provisions of this subpart after ap- Canned and precerfed fruits_ 407.63 or pollutant properties controlled by plication of the best conventional pol- Canned and preserved vegetables 40.73 this section, which may be discharged lutant control technology. There shall Canned and miscellaneous specialties.. 401.3 by a point source subject to the provi- be no discharge of process waste water sions of this subpart after application pollutants to navigable waters. 2. (a) The sections listed below are of the best conventional pollutant con- redesignated as follows and the origi- trol technology. Section nal section numbers reserved for Subcategory dmignation (40 CFR) future use. * * Normal wheat flour milling 406.37 Original Revised PART 406-GRAIN-MILLS POINT SOURCE Normal rice milling 406.57 Subcategory section section CATEGORY Animal feed_ 406.77 dest- desig- Hot cereal. 400.7 nation (40 nation (40 40 CFR, Subchapter N, Part 406 for CPR) CFR) the grain mills point source source cat- 3. The following section is with- Apple Juice 401.13 401.17 egory is proposed to be amended as drawn and the section number re- follows: Citru3 product- 407.33 407.37 served for future use. Frozen potato products -. 407.43 401.47 1. (a) The sections listed below are Dehydrated potato products- 407.53 401.57 redesignated as follows and the origi- Bulgar wheat flour milling- 40 CFR 400A3

FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL 43 NO. 164-WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 23, 1978 37578 PROPOSED RULES (b) The title and first paragraph of part after application of the best con- limitations. Fruit processing plants the sections redesignated above are ventional pollutant control technol- employing long-term waste stabiliza- amended to read as follows: ogy. Any fruit processing plant which tion, where all or a portion of the Effluent limitations guidelines rep- continuously or intermittently dis- process waste water discharge is stored resenting the degree of effluent reduc- charges process waste water during for the entire processing season and tion attainabale by the application of the processing season shall meet the released at a controlled rate with state the best conventional pollutant con- annual average, maximum thirty day approval, shall meet only the annual trol technology. average, and maximum day BOD5 average BOD5 limitations. The following limitations establish the quantity or quality of pollutants BOD5 EmILUENT or pollutant properties controlled by LMITATIONS this section, which may be discharged CMetrlc units, kg/kkg of raw material; English units, pounds per 1,000 lb of raw materLal] by a point source subject to the provisions of this subpart after application Average of daily values Annual average shall not of the best conventional pollutant con- Commodity (fruits) Maximum for any 1 day for 30 consecutive days exceed- trol technology. shall not exceed- Tomatoes: Medium 0.524 0.378 0.173 ...... 0.524 3. A new § 407.27 is added to the 0.378 0.173 apple products subcategory and reads as follows: (b) The following §407.27 Effluent limitations limitations estab- maximum 30-day average, and maxi- guidelines lish the quantity of TSS controlled by mum day TSS limitations. Fruit pro- representing the degree of effluent re- this section, which may be discharged cessing plants employing long-term duction attainable by the application of by an existing point source subject to the best conventional pollutant control the provisions of this subpart after ap- waste stabilization, where all or a por- technology. plication of the best conventional pol- tion of the process waste water dis- (a) The following limitations apply lutant control technology. Any fruit charge is stored for the entire process- to plants producing more than 100 processing plant which continuously Ing season and released at a controlled tons per day of final product and es- or intermittently discharges process rate with State approval, shall meet tablish the quantity or quality of pol- waste water during the processing only the annual average TSS limlta- lutants or pollutant properties, which season shall meet the annual average, tions. may be discharged by a point source subject to the provisilns of this subpart after application of the best con- TSS EFFLVUrN IMTATIONS ventional pollutant control technol- (Metric units, kg/kkg of raw material; English units, pounds per 1,000 lb of raw material] ogy: Average of daily values Annual average shall not Effluent limitations Commodity (fruits) Maximum for any I day for 30 consecutive days exceed- shall not exceed- Effluent Average of daily characteristics Maximum for values for 30 Tomatoes: any 1 day consecutive days Medium ...... 0.933 0.495 0.349 shall not large 0.524 0.378 0,173 exceed-

Metric units (kilograms per 1.000 kg of raw material) (c) The following limitations estab- controlled by this section, which may BODS ...... 0.20 0.10 lish the quality of pH controlled by be discharged by an existing point .20 .10 this section, whichmay be discharged pH ...... Within the range 6.0 to 9.0 source subject to the provisions of this by a "medium" or "large" existing subpart after application of the best English units (pounds per 1,000 lb point source subject to the provisions conventional pollutant control tech- of raw material) of this subpart after application of the nology. Any vegetable processing plaint best conventional pollutant control which continuously or intermittently BeDS...... 0.20 0.10 technology. discharges process waste water during TSS ...... • .20 .10 pH ...... Within the range 6.0 to 9.0 the processing season shall meet the Effluent characteristic Effluent limitations annual average, maximum 30-day (b) [Reserved] average, and maximum day BOD5 4. A lew § 407.67 is added to the PH ...... At altl times within the limitations. Vegetable processing canned and preserved fruits subcate- range 6.0 to 9.5. plants employing long-term waste sta- gory and reads as follows: bilization, where all or a portion of the 5. A new §407.77 is added process waste water discharge is stored to the for the §407.67 Effluent limitations guidelines canned and preserved vegetables entire processing season and sub- released at representing the degree of effluent re- category and reads as follows: a controlled rate with duction attainable by the application of State approval, shall meqt only the the best conventional pollutant control §407.77 Effluent limitations guidelines annual average BOD5 limitations. The technology. representing the degree of effluent re- effluent limitations do not apply to (a) The following limitations estab- duction attainable by the application of single-commodity 100-percent canned lish the quantity of BOD5 controlled the best conventional pollutant control corn processing plants of all sizes, and by this technology. multlcommodity 100-percent frozen section, which may be dis- vegetable processing plants with total charged by an existing point source (a) The following effluent limita- annual raw material production less subject to the provisions of this sub- tions establish the quantity of BeD5 than 7,264 kkg (8,000 tons) per year.

FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL 43 NO. 164-WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 23, 1978 PROPOSED RULES 37579

BODS Emun Lnu=Anois Section [Metric units, kg/kkg of raw material English units. pounds per 1.000 lb of raw material] Subcategory designation (40 CPR) Average of daily values Annual average shall not for any 1 day for 30 consecutive das exceed- Farm raised catfish processing- 403.13 Commodity (vegetables) Maximum Conventional blue crab proce-nz 403.23 shall not exceed- Mechanized blue crab processng= 408.33 Nonremote Allkan crabmeat processing 408-43 Mushrooms: Remote A-laskn crabmeat processng. 408.53 Medium_ 1.188 0.862 0.406 Nonrcmote ATaskn whole crab and crab Large 1.188 0.862 0.406 section procesIng 40=.58 Remote Alatknn whole crab and crab zectJon prcce=n 403.3 Dungenew and tanner crab processing (b) The following limitations estab- waste stabilization, where all or a por- In the contiguous States_ 403.83 Nonremote Alnnkn shrimp processing- 403.93 lish the quantity of TSS controlled by tion of the process waste water dis- Remote Alaskan shrmp 4081030processng this section, which may be discharged charge Is stored for the entire process- Northern shrimp processing In the con- by any existing point source subject to ing season and released at a controlled tiguous States 40&M11 the provisions of this subpart after ap- rate with state approval, shall meet Southern nonbreaded shrimp processing plication of the best conventional pol- only the annual average TSS ilmita- In the contiguous States- 403.123 Breaded shrimp procezzing In the con- lutant control technology. Any vegeta- tions. The effluent limitations do not tinguous State.- 403-133 ble processing plant which continuous- apply to single-commodity 100-percent Tuna .r-"', 403.143 ly or intermittently discharges process canned corn processing plants of all 1 waste water during the processing sizes, and multicommodity 100-percent 2. The new sections listed below are season shall meet the annual average, frozen vegetable processing plants maximum 30-day average, and maxi- with total annual raw material prodtic- added as follows: mum day TSS limitations. Vegetable tion less than 7,264 kkg (8,000 tons) Effluent limitations guidelines rep- processing plants employing long-term per year. resenting the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best conventional polutant con- TSS EFFLuENTr L nTn oNs trol technology. [Metric units, kg/kkg of rawmaterlal; English units, pounds per 1.00 lb of raw material] The following limitations establish the quantity or quality of pollutants Average of dailyvalues Annual average hall not or pollutant properties, controlled by Commodity (vegetables) Maximum for any 1 day for 30 consecutive days exceed- this section, which may be discharged shall not exceed- by a point source subject to the provisions of this subpart after application Mushrooms: Medium 2.122 1.140 0.820 of the best conventional pollutant con- L.arge 1.188 0.862 0.406 trol technology.

Effluent characterltic Effluent ifnltatio (c)-The following limitations estab- duction attainable by the application of pH controlled by of the best conventional pollutant con- per Wlthin the range .0 to lish. the quality 9.0. this section, which may be discharged trol technology. - by a "medium" or "large" existing (b) [Reserved] (c) The following limitations estab- point source subject to the provisions Section -of this subpart after application of the lish the quality of pH controlled by Subcategorr designation best conventional pollutant control this section, which may be discharged Farm raised catfsh processnr 403.17 Conventional blue crab proce--ing - 403.2 technology. The effluent limitations by a "medium" or "large" existing Mechanized blue crab processing 403.37 do not apply to single-commodity 100- point source subject to the provisions Nonremote Alaskan crabmea processing 403.47 of tlis subpart. Remote Alankn crab meat Prccesslin 403.57 percent canned corn processing plants Nonremote AL-kan whole crab and crab of all sizes, and multicommodity 100- mction proces::ng 403.67 percent frozen vegetable processing Effluent characteristlc Effluent limitations Remote Al-kan whole crab and crab material rectlon proce::ing 408377 plants with total annual raw pH At all times within the Dungene and tanner crab processn production less than 7,264 kkg (8,000 range 6.0 to 9.5. In the contiguous States- 43.87. Nonremote A'kan shrimp proceming.. 403.97 tons) per year. Remote Al,-knn shrimp procelng- 408.107 40 CFR, Subchapter N, Part 408 for Northern shrimp processing in the con- Effluent characteristic Efluent limitatons the canned and preserved seafood pro- tiguous stat_ 403.117 cessing point source category is pro- Southern nonhreaded shrp processing In the contigu-ou Stat 403.1= PH . At all times within the posed to be amended as follows: Breaded shrimp procesing In the con- . range 6.0 to 9.5. tiguous Staes 403.137 PART 408--CANNED AND PRESERVED SEA- 'una proce:3sng 403.147 6. A new § 407.37 is added to the FOOD PROCESSING POINT SOURCE CATE- canned and miscellaneous Specialities GORY 3. (a) The sections listed below are Subcategory and reads as follows 1. The sections listed below are with- redesignated as follows and the origi- (a) Effluent limitations guidelines drawn, and the section numbers re- nal section numbers reserved for representing the degree of effluent reserved for future use. future use.

FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL 43 NO. 164-WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 23, 1978 - 37580 PROPOSED RULES of the best conventional pollutant con- (2) The following limitations estab- Original Revised trol technology. lish the maximum permissible dis- Subcategory section section charge of process waste water pollut- desig- designation (40 nation (40 Effluent limitations ants when the process waste water dis- CFR) CFR) charge results, in whole or In part, Effluent Average of daily from barometric condensing oper- Fish meal processing ...... 408.153 408.157 characteristics maximum for values for 30 ations and any other beet sugar pro- West coast hand-butchered any 1 day consecutive days salmon processing ...... 408.183 408.187 shall not cessing operation. West coast mechanized exceed- salmon processing ...... 408.193 408.197 Effluent characteristics Effluent limitations Non-Alaskan conventional Metric units (kilograms per 1,000 Temperature ...... Not to exceed 32' C (90' bottom fish processing ...... 408.213 408.217 kg of melt) F). Non-Alaskan mechanized bottom fish processing ...... 408.223 408.227 Hand-shucked clams BOD5 ...... 0.18 0.09 4. A new § 409.17 Is added to the processing ...... 408.233 408.237 TSS ...... 11 .035 Beet Sugar processing Subcategory Mechanized clam processing 408.243 408.247 pH .... W...... ithin the range of 6.0 to 9.0 Pacific coast hand-shucked and reads as follows: oyster processing ...... 408.253 408.257 English units (pounds per ton of Atlantic and Gulf hand- melt) § 409.17 Effluent limitations guidelines shucked oyster processing 408.283 408.267 representing the degree of effluent re- Steamed and canned oyster ...... BOD5 ...... 0.36 0.18 duction attainable by the application of processing 408.273 408.277 ...... 21 Sardine processing ...... 408.283 408.281 TSS .07 the best conventional pollutant control Non-Alaskan scallop pH ...... Within the range of 6.0 to 9.0 technology. processing ...... 408.303 408.307 (a) The following limitations estab- Non-Alaskan herring fillet 2. (a) The sections listed below are processing ...... 408.323 408.327 lish the quantity or quality of pollut- Abalone processing ...... 408.333 408.337 redesignated as follows and the origi- ants or pollutant properties which nal section numbers reserved for may be discharged by a point source (b) The title and first paragraph of future use. where the sugar beet processing capac- the sections redesignated above are ity of the point source does not exceed amended to read as follows: Original Revised 1,090 kkg (2,300 tons) per day of beets Subcategory section section Effluent limitations guidelines rep- desig- desig- sliced or where the soil filtration rate, resenting the degree of effluent reduc- nation nation whether natural or by deliberate tion attainable by the application of design, within the boundaries of all the best conventional pollutant con- Liquid cane sugar refining ...... 409.33 409.37 waste water treatment or retention fa- trol technology. cilities associated with the point' The following limitations establish (b) The title and first paragraph of source is less than or equal to 0.159 cm the quantity or quality of pollutants the sections redesignated above are (1/16 in.) per day: Provided, however, or pollutant properties, controlled by amended.Effluent to read as follows: That a discharge by a point source this section, which may be discharged limitations guidelines rep- may be made in accordance with the by a point source subject to the provi- resenting the degree of effluent reduc- limitations set forth in either para- sions of this subpart after application tion attainable by the application of graph (a) (1) exclusively, or paragraph of the best conventional pollutant con- the best conventional pollutant con- (a) (2) of this section exclusively. trol technology. trol technology. (1) The following limitations estab- The following limitations establish lish the maximum permissible dis- the quantity or quality of pollutants charge of process waste water pollut- PART 409-SUGAR PROCESSING POINT or pollutant properties, controlled by ants when the process waste water dis- SOURCE CATEGORY this section, which may be discharged charge results from barometric con- 40 CFR Subchapter N, Part 409 for by a point source subject to the provi- densing operations only. the Sugar Processing Point Source sions of this subpart after application Category is proposed to be amended as of the best conventional pollutant con- Effluent limitations follows: trol technology. Effluent Average of daily § 409.23 [Reserved] characteristles Maximum for values for 30 * $ any 1 day consecutive days 1. (a) Section 409.23 of the Crystal- shall not line Cane Sugar Refining Subcategory 3. (a) The following § 409.13 of the exceed- is withdrawn and the section number Beet Sugar Processing Subcategory is for future use. amended to read as follows: Metric unite (kg/kkg of product) is reserved ** (b) A new § 409.27 is added to the (a) * * (1) The following limitations estab- BOD5 ...... 2.0 1.3 Crystalline Cane Sugar Refining Sub- of 0.0 to 9.0 category and reads as follows: lish the. maximum permissible dis- pH ...... Within the range process waste water pollut- charge of English units (lb/1.000 lb of § 409.27 Effluent limitations guidelines ants when the process waste water dis- product) representing the degree of effluent re- charge results from barometric con- duction attainable by the application of densing operations only. BODS ...... 2.0 1.3 the best conventional pollutant control pH ...... Within the range of 0.0 t6 0.0 technology. Effluent characteristics Effluent limitations The following limitations apply only (2) The following limitations estab- to those plants processing 2,100 tons Temperature ...... Temperature not to lish the maximum permissible dis- exceed the per day of melt or over and establish temperature of cooled charge of process waste water pollut- the quantity or quality of pollutants water acceptable for ants when the process waste water dis- or pollutant properties, controlled by return to the heat charge results, in whole or in part, producing process and from barometric condensing oper- this section, which may be discharged in no event greater by a point source subject to the provi- than 32" C (90' F). ations and any other beet sugar pro- sions of this subpart after application cessing operation.

FEDERAL REGISTER,-VOL. 43 'NO. 164--WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 23, 1978 PROPOSED RULES 37581 §411.17 Effluent limitations guidelines of the best conventional pollutant con- Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent re- trol technology. duction atilnable by the application of Effluent Average of daily the best conventional pollutant control characteristics Maximum for values for 30 any 1 day consecutive 'lays technology. shall not The following limitations establish exceed- the quantity or quality of pollutants PART 412-FEEDLOTS POINT SOURCE Metric units (kg/kkg of product) or pollutant properties, controlled by CATEGORY this section, which may be discharged 40 CPR Subchapter N, Part 412, for 3OD5 - 2.0 1.3 by a point source subject to the provi- TSS...... 2.0 1.3 sions of this subpart after application the Feedlots Point Source Category is pH _ WithIn the range of 6.0 to 9.0 ' proposed to be amended as follows: Fecal coliform. Not to exceed MPN of 400/100 ml of the best conventional pollutant con- 1. The sections listed below are at any time. trol technology. added as reads below: Effluent limitations guidelines rep- English units (lb/1,000 lb of Effluent Effluent limitations (maximum for product) resenting the degree of effluent reduc- characteristcs any 1 d,) tion attainable by the application of BOD5 2.0 1.3 eMericunits (kf,/kg ofproduct) the best conventional pollutant con- TW._ 2.0 13 Tss5 0.005 trol technology. pH _ Within the range of 6.0 to 9.0 pIT...... WIthin the range 6.0 to 9.0 Fecal coliform. Not7to exceed LION of 400/100 ml (a) Subject to the provisions of para- at any time (not typically EnLsh units (Lb/l.O00 lbs of graph (b) of this section, the following expressed In English units). product) limitations establish the quantity or "ss 0.005 p ...... Within the range 6.0 to 9.0 quality of pollutants or pollutant (b) The following limitations estab- properties, controlled by this section, lish the quantity or quality of pollut- 3. A new § 411.27 for the Leaching which may be discharged by a point ants or pollutant properties, con- source subject to the provisions of this Subcategory is added as follows: subpart after application of the best trolled by this regulation, which may conventional pollutant contr6l tech- be discharged by a point source in all §41127 Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent re- nofogy. There shall be no discharge of instances not specified urider the production attainable by the application of process waste water pollutants to navi- visions of paragraph (a) of this sec- the best conventional pollutant control gable waters. tion: There shall be no discharge of technology. (b) Process waste pollutants in the process waste water pollutants to navi-- overflow may be discharged to naviga- gable waters. The following limitations establish ble waters whenever rainfall events, the quantity or quality of pollutants either chronic or catastrophic, cause or pollutant properties, controlled by an overflow of process waste water PART 41 1-CEMENT MANUFACTURING POINT this section, which may be discharged from a facility designed, constructed SOURCE CATEGORY by a point source subject to the provi. and operated to contain all process sions of this subpart after application generated waste waters plus the 40 CFR Subchapter N, Part 411, for of the best conventional pollutant con- runoff from a 25 year, 24 hour rainfall the Cement Manufacturing Point trol technology. event for the location of the point Source Category is proposed to be source. amended as follows: Effluent characteristic Effluent limitations Section §§ 411.13 and 411.23 [Amended] pH. within the range 6.0 to Subcategory designation 9.0. All subcategories except ducks__ 41117 1. Section 411.13 of the Nonleaching Ducks 412.27 Subcategory and section 411.23 of the Leaching Subcategory are amended to 4. (a) The section listed below Is re- read as follows: Effluent limitations designated as follows and the original section number reserved for future PART 418-FRTIUZER MANUFACTURING guidelines representing the degree of use. effluent reduction attainable by the POINT SOURCE CATEGORY application of the best available tech- Original Revised 40 CFA Subchapter N, Part 418, for nology economically achievable. Subcategory section section the Fertilizer Manufacturing Point The following limitations establish de ig- dedc. nnan nation Source Category is proposed to be the quantity or quality of pollutants amended as follows:. or pollutant properties, controlled by Materials storage piles runoff. 411.33 411.37 L Section 418.13 of the Phosphate this section, which may be discharged Subcategory is prbposed to be amendi- ed as follows: by a point source subject to the provi- (b) the title and first paragraph of sions of this subpart after application the sections redesignated above are §418.13 Effluent limitations guidelines of the best available technology eco- amended to read as follows: representing the degree of effluent re- nomically achievable. Effluent limitations guidelines rep- duction attainable by the application of resenting the degree of effluent reduc- the best available technology economl- Effluent characterIstics Effluent limitations tion attainable by the application of cally achievable. (maximum for any 1 day) the best conventional pollutant con- * S * S S Temperature (heat) . Not to exceed 3" C rise trol technology. above Inlet The following limitations establish c) The concentration of pollutants temperature. the quantity or quality of pollutants discharged in process wastewater pur- or pollutant properties, controlled by suant to the limitations of paragraph 2. A new § 411.17 is added for the this section, which may be discharged (b) of this section shall not exceed the Nonleaching Subcategory and reads as by a point source subject to the provi- values listed In the following table: follows: sions of this subpart after application

FEDERAL .REGISTER, VOL 43 NO. 164-WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 23, 1978 37582 PROPOSED RULES tion attainable by the application of (mg/i) pacity. Process wastewater must be Effluent limitations treated and discharged whenever the the best conventional pollutant con- Effluent Average of daily water level equals or exceeds the mid- trol technology. characteristics Maximum for values for 30 point of the surge capacity. The following limitations establish any 1 day consecutive days (c) The concentration of pollutants shall not the quantity or quality of pollutants exceed- discharged in process wastewater pursuant to the limitations of paragraph or pollutant properties, which may be discharged by a point source subject to Fluoride ...... 75 25 (b) of this section shall not exceed the values listed in the following table: the provisions of this subpart after application of the best conventional pol- The total suspended solid limitations . Effluent limitations (mg/1) lutant control technology: There shall set forth in this paragraph shall be be no discharge of process waste water waived for process wastewater from a pollutants to navigable waters. calcium sulfate storage pile runoff fa- Effluent Average of daily cility, operated separately or in combi- characteristics Maximum for values for 30 any 1 day consecutive days Section nation with a water recirculation shall not Subcategory Derignatlon system, which is chemically treated exceed- and then clarified or settled to meet Ammonium sulfate production ...... 418.67 Total Mixed and blend fertilizer production 418.77 the other pollutant limitations set phosphorus forth in this paragraph. (as P) ...... 105' 35 (d) The concentration of pollutants TSS ...... 150 50 discharged in contaminated non-proc- PART 422-PHOSPHATE MANUFACTURING ess wastewater shall not exceed the The total suspended solid lnitations POINT SOURCE CATEGORY values listed in the following table: set forth in this paragraph shall be 40 CFR Subchapter N Part 422 for waived for process wastewater from a the phosphate Manufacturing Point Effluent limitations (mg/i) calcium sulfate storage pile runoff fa- Source Category is proposed to be cility, operated separately or in combi- amended as follows: Effluent Average of daily nation with a water recirculation characteristics Maximum for values for 30 1. Section 422.43 of the Defluorinat- any 1 day consecutive days system, which is chemically treated shall not and then" clarified or settled to meet ed Phosphate Rock Subcategory is exceed- the other pollutant limitations set proposed to be amended as follows: forth in this paragraph. Fluoride ...... 75 25 (d) The concentration of pollutants § 422.43 Effluent limitations guidelines discharged in contaminated non-proc- representing the degree of effluent re- 2. A new § 418.17 for the Phosphate ess wastewater shall not exceed the duction attainable by the application of Subcategory is added as follows: values listed in the following table: the best available technology economically achievable. 8418.17 Effluent limitations and guidelines representing the degree of efflu- Effluent limitations (mg/) ent reduction attained by the applica- Effluent Average of daily tion of the best conventional pollutant characteristics Maximum for values for 30 (c) the concentration of pollutants control technology. any I day consecutive days discharged in process waste water pur- shall not suant to the limitations of paragraph The following limitations-establish exceed- (b) of this section shall not, exceed the the quantity or quality of pollutants values listed in the following table: or pollutant properties which may be Total discharged by a point source subject to phosphorus the provisions of this subpart after ap- (as P) ...... -105 35 Effluent limitations plication of the best conventional pol- 3. A new §418.27 for the Ammonia Effluent Average of daily lutant control technology: characteristics Maximum for values for 30 (a) Subject to the provision of para- Subcategory is added as follows: any 1 day consecutive days gaphs (b) and (c) of this section, the shall not following limitations establish the §418.27 Effluent limitations guidelnes exceed- representing the degree of effluent re- quantity or quality of pollutants or duction attainable by the application of Milligrams per liter pollutant properties, controlled,by this the best conventional pollutant control section, which may be discharged by a technology. Fluoride (as F)... 75 25 point source subject to the provisions of this subpart after application of the The following limitations establish best conventional pollutant control the quantity or quality of pollutants (d) The concentration of pollutants .technology: There shall be no dis- or pollutant properties, controlled by discharged in contaminated non-proc- charge of process wastewater pollut- this section, which may be discharged ess wastewater shall not exceed the ants to navigable waters. by a point source subject to the provi- values listed in the following table: (b) Process wastewater pollutants sions of this subpart after application from a calcium sulfate storage pile of the best conventional pollutant con- Effluent limitations (ms/I) runoff facility operated separately or trol technology. Effluent Average of daily In combination with a water recircula- characteristics Maximum for valuce for 30 tion system designed, constructed and Effluent characteristfc Effluent limitations any I day consecutive days operated to maintain a surge capacity shall not equal to the runoff from the_25-year, pH...... withinW the range of 6.0 exceed- 24-hour rainfall event may be dis- to 9.0 charged, after treatment to the stand- Fluoride ...... 75 25 ards set forth in paragraph (c) of this 4. The sections listed below are section, whenever chronic or cata- added as follows: 2. A new § 422.47 for the Defluorin- strophic precipitation events cause the Effluent limitations guidelines repre- ated Phosphate Rock Subcategory is water level to rise into the gurge ca- senting the degree of effluent reduc- added as follows:

FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL 43 NO. 164--WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 23, 1978 37583 PROPOSED RULES 422.47 Effluent imitations guidelines plication of the best conventional pol- representing the degree of effluent re- Effluent limitations lutant control technology:. duction attainable by the application of the best conventional pollutant control Effluent Averace of daily (a) Subject to the provisions of para- characteristics Maxl:mum for values for 30 graphs (b) (c), and (d) of this section, technology. any 1 1 condacuti'e days the following limitations establish the The following limitations establish shall not . the quantity or quality of pollutants exceed- quantity or quality of pollutants or or pollutant properties, which may be pollutant properties, controlled by this discharged by a point source subject to il s perter section, which may be discharged by a the provisions of this subpart after ap- Total point source subject to the provisions plication of the best conventional pol- phozphorus of this subpart after, application of the lutant control technology:. (as ) 105 35 (a) Subject to the provisions of para- pH- w 'Ithin the rance of 6.0 to 9.5 best conventional pollutant control graphs (b), (c), and (d) of this section, technology: There shall be no dis- the following limitations establish the 3. Section 422.53 of the Defluorinat- Oharge of process waste water pollut- quantity or quality of pollutants or ed Phosphoric Acld Subcategory is ants to navigable waters. pollutant properties, controlled by this proposed to be am ended as follows: (b) Process waste water pollutants section, which may be discharged by a recirculation point §422.53 Effluent limitations guidelines from a cooling water source subject to the provisions op.- of this subpart after application of the representing the degree of effluent re- system designed, constructed and best conventional pollutant control duction attanablle by the application of erated to maintain a surge capacity technology: There- shall be no dis- the best avallabi[e technology econonil- equal to the runoff from the 25-year, charge of process waste water pollut- cally achievable. 24-hour rainfall event may be dis- ants to navigable waters. S S charged, after treatment to the stand- (b) Process waste water pollutants ards set forth ln paragraph (c) of this from a cooling water recirculation (c) The concent ration of pollutants section, whenever chronic or cata- system designed, constructed and op- discharged in proc ess waste water par- strophic precipitation events cause the erated to maintain a surge capacity suant to the limitations of paragraph water level in the pond to rise into the equal to the runoff from the 25-year, (b) of haoll not 24-hour rainfall event may be °dis- this section exceed the surge capacity. Process waste water charged, after treatment to the stand- values listed In the following table: must be treated and discharged when- ards set forth in paragraph (c) of this fluent limitations ever the water level equals or exceeds section, whenever chronic or cata- the mid-point of the surge capacity. strophic precipitation events cause the Effluent Average of daily (C) The concentration of pollutants water level in the pond to rise into the characterlstics Maxr aum for value5 for 30 surge capacity. Process waste water any 1 day conecutive da,' discharged in process waste water pur- must be treated and discharged when- dm1ll not suant to the limitations of paragraph ever the water level equals or exceeds exceed- (b) of this section shall not exceed the the mid-point of the surge capacity. L11grams per lter values listed In the following table: (c) The concentration of pollutants discharged in process waste water pur- Fluoride (as F)_ 75 25 suant to the limitations of paragraph Effluent limitations (b) of this section shall tiot exceed the (d) The concentration of pollutants values listed in the following table: Effluent Average of daily discharged in contaminated no'-proc- char cterlstIcs Maximum for values for 30 ess wastewater shall not exceed the any I day consecutive days Effluent limitations rhfln not values listed in the following table: exceed- Effluent Average of daily characteristics Maximum for values for 30 Effluent lImbtatans Miligrams per liter any 1 day consecutive days shall not exceed- Effluent Average of daily Total characteristics Maximum for values for 30 pho phorus any I day conzeutive days Milligrams per liter (as P).. 105 35 shall not Ts . 150 50 exceed- pH WIthin the range 6.0 to 9Z Total phosphorus Millgrams per liter (as P) _ 105 35 'rss 150 s0 Fluoride (as P)_. 75 25 The total suspended solid limitation pH within the range of 6.0 to 9.5 set forth In this paragraph shall be waived for process waste water from a The total suspended solid limitation 4. A new § 422.57 for the Defluorin- set forth in this paragraph shall be ated Phosphoric Acid Subcategory is calcium sulfate storage pile runoff fa- waived for process waste water from a added as follows: cility, operated separately or in combi- calcium sulfate storage nation with a water recirculation pile runoff fa- §422.57 Effluent limitations cility, operated separately or in combi- guidelines representing the degree of effluent re- system, which is chemically treated nation with a water recirculation duction attainable by the application of and then clarified or settled to meet system, which is chemically treated the other pollutant limitations set and then clarified or settled to meet the best conventional pollutant control the other pollutant limitations set technology. forth in this paragraph. forth in this paragraph. The following limitations establish (d) The concentration of pollutants (d) The concentration of pollutants the quantity or quality of pollutants discharged in contaminated non-proc- discharged in contaminated non-proc- or pollutant properties, which may be ess waste water shall not exceed the ess waste water shall not exceed the discharged by a point source subject to values listed in the following table: values listed in the following table: the provisions of this subpart after ap-

FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL 43 NO. 164-WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 23, 1978 37584 PROPOSED RULES

MTetric units, kg/kkg of finished product; English Effluent limitations units, lb/lO00 lb of product] Effluent limItations

Effluent Average of daily Effluent limitations Effluent Average of daily characteristics Maximum for - values for 30 characteristics Maximum for values for 30 any 1 day consecutive days any 17day consecutive days shall not Effluent Average of daily shall not exceed- characteristics Maximum for values for 30 exceed- any I day consecutive days shall not Milligrams per liter exceed- Metric units, kg/Mwlh

Total pH...... Within the range 6.0 to 9.5 T55...... 0.024 0.012 phosphorus PH ...... Within tho range 0.0 to 0.0 (as 105 35 PH ...... Within the range 6.0 to 9.5 PART 424"-FERROALLOY MANUFACTURING English units, lb/Mwh POINT SOURCE CATEGORY 5. Section 422.63 of the Sodium TSS . 0.052 0.020 Phosphate Subcategory is proposed tp 40 CPR Subchapter N Part 424 for pH...... Within the rango 0.0to 0.0 be amended as follows: the Ferroalloy Manufacturing Point § 422.63 Effluent limitations guidelines Source Category is proposed to be 3. Section 424.23 of the Covered representing the degree of effluent re- amended as follows: Electric Furnaces and Other Smelting Operations with Wet Air Pollution duction attainable by the application of 1. Section 424.13 of the Open Elec- the best available technology economi- Control Devices Subcategory is pro- cally achievable. tric Furnaces with Wet Air Pollution posed to be amended as follows: Control Devices Subcategory is pro- The following limitations establish § 424.23 Effluent limitations guidelines the quantity or quality of pollutants posed to be amended as follows: representing.the degree of effluent re- or pollutant properties, controlled by § 424.13 Effluent limitations guidelines duction attainable by the application of this section, which may be discharged representing the degree of effluent re- the best available technology economi- by a point source subject to the provi- duction attainable by the application of cally achievable. sions of this subpart after application the best available technology economi- The following limitations establish of the best available technology eco- cally achievable. the quantity or quality of pollutants nomically achievable: The following limitations establish or pollutant properties, controlled by EMetric units, kg/kkg of product; English units, lb/ the quantity or quality of pollutants this section, which may be discharged 1,000 1b of product] or pollutant properties, controlled by by a point source subject to the provi- this section, which may be discharged sions of this subpart after application Effluent limitations of the best available technology eco- by a point source subject to the provi- Effluent Average of daily nomically achievable: characteristics Maximum for values for 30 sions of this subpart after application any I day consecutive days of the best available technology eco- Effluent limitations shall not exceed- nomically achievable: Effluent Average of daily characteristics Maximum for values for 30 Fluoride (as F)... 0.21 0.11 Effluent limitations any 1 day consecutive days shall not Effluent Average of daily exceed- 6. A new § 422.67 for the Sodium characteristics Maximum for values for 30 Phosphate Subcategory is added as any 1 day consecutive days Metric units. kg/Mwh follows: shall not exceed- § 422.67 Effluent limitations guidelines Chromium total .001 .0005 Chromium VI_. .0001 .00005 representing the degree of effluent re- Metric units, kgi/Mwh Manganese total .011 .005 duction attainable by the application of Cyanide total. .0003 .0003 the best conventional pollutant control Chromium total .0008 .0004 Phenols ...... 0004 .0002 Chromium VI... .00008 .00004 English units, lb/lwh technology. Manganese total .008 .0039 The following limitations establish. Chromium total .002 .0012 the quantity or quality of pollutants 2. A new § 424.17 for the Open Elec- Chromium V... .0002 .0001 or pollutant properties, controlled by Manganese total .023 .012 tric Furnaces with Wet Air Pollution Cyanide total... . .001 .0000 this section, which may be discharged Phenols ...... 0009 .0003 by a point source subject to the provi- Control Devices Subcategory is added as follows: sions of this subpait after application Provided,however, That for nonelec- of the best conventional pollutant con- § 424.17 Effluent limitations guidelines tric furnace smelting processes, the trol technology: representing the degree effluent reduc- units of effluent limitations set forth [Metric units, kg/kkg of finished product English tion attainable by the application of In this section shall be readas "kg/lkkg units, lb/1.000 lb of product] the best conventional pollutant control of product" rather than "kg/Mwh," technology. Effluent limitations and the limitations (except for pH) The following limitations establish shall be 3.3 times those listed n the Effluent Average of daily the quantity or quality of pollutants table In this section (or, for English characteristics Maximum for values for 30 units, "lb/ton of product" rather than any I day consecutive days or pollutant properties, controlled by shall not this section, which may be discharged "lb/Mwh," and the limitations (except exceed- by a point source subject to the provi- fon pH) shall be three times those listed in the table),, . ,. 0.35 0.18 sions of this subpart after application Total of the best conventional pollutant con- 4. A new § 424.27 for the Covered phosphorus (as P)...... 0.56 .28 trol technology: Electric Furnaces and Other Smelting Operations with Wet Air Pollution

FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL 43 NO. 164-WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 23, 1978 PROPOSED RULES 37585 Control Devices Subcategory is added as follows: Effluent llitationa Effluentlizltati=o Effluent Average of daily Effluent Average of daily § 424.27 Effluent limitations guidelines characteristics Maximu for values for 30 characterLtIca Maimum for values for 30 any I day censecutive day any 1 day conzecutive days representing the degree of effluent re: ahall not shali not duction attainable by the application of exceed- exceed- the best conventional pollutant control technology. Metric units. kg/kkg proce=ad Metric units, kZ/kk- ofprduct The following Chromium total .0054 .0027 Total cz-ande. 0.C056 0.002 - limitations establish Manganese total .054 .02 the quantity or quality of pollutants Englsh uni" Ib/l00 lb of product or pollutants properties, controlled by English unit-, lb/ton of raw material this section, Which may be discharged Total cyanlde. O.056 0.0023 Chromium total .011 .0054 by a point sourcesubject to the provi- Man=anese total .103 .054 sions of this subpart after application 8. A new § 424.57 for the Other Cal- of the best conventional pollutant con- clum Carbide Furnaces Subcategory is 6. A new §424.7 for the Slag Pro- added as follows: trol technology:. ceasing Subcategory Is added as follows: §424.57 Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent re- Effluent limitations §424.37 Effluent lnltatiors guidelines duction attainable by the application of representing the degree of effluent re- the best conventional pollutant control Effluent Average of daily technology. characteristics Maximum for values for 30 duction attainable by the application of any 1 day consecutive days the best conventional pollutant control The following limitations establish shall not technology. the quantity or quality of pollutants exceed- The following limitations establish or pollutant properties, which may be discharged by a point source subject to Metric units, kg/Mwh the quantity or quality of pollutants the provisions of this subpart after ap- or pollutant properties, controlled by plication of the best conventional pol- TW 0.3r 6.010 this section, which may be discharged p .. Within the range 6.0 to 9.0 lutant control technology: There shall by a point source subject to the provi- be no discharge of process waste water English units. lb/Mwh sions of this subpart after application pollutants to navigable waters. of the best conventional pollutant con- 9. Section 424.63 of the Electrolytic T .. 0.071 0.035 trol technology. Manganese Products Subcategory is pH Within the range 6.0 to 9.0 proposed to be amended as follows:. Effluent llnltations §424.63 Effluent limitations guidelines Provided, however, That for nonelec- representing the degree of effluent re- Effluent Average of daily duction attainable by the application of tric furnace smelting processes, the characteristics Maximum for values for 30 ay I the best available technology economi- units of effluent limitations set forth day conzeutive days cally achievable. -,in this section shall be read as "kg/kkg shall not exceed- (a) The following liniltatlons estab- of product" rather than "kg/Mwh," lish the quantity or quality of pollut- and the limitations (except for pH) Metric units. kl/Mwh ants or pollutant properties, con- shall be 3.3' times those listed in the trolled by this section, which may be 7W_____ 0271 0.238 table in this section (or, for English pH ...-...... Within the range 6.0 to 9.0 discharged by a point source subject to units, "lb/ton of product" rather than the provisions of this subpart produc- "lb/lMwh," and the limitations (except English units. lb/Mnh ing electrolytic manganese after application of the best available technology for pH) shall be three times those rss 0.542 0.271 economically achievable: listed in the table). pH Within the range 6.0 to 9.0 Effluent Ifmltations 5. Section 424.33 of the Slag Process- 7. Section 424.43 of the Covered Cal- ing Subcategory is proposed to be Effluent Average of daily cium Carbide Furnaces with Wet Air characterLtics maximum for values for 30 amended as follows: Pollution Control Devices Subcategory any I day consecutive days is proposed to be amended as follows: shan not. o§ 424.33 Effluent limitations guidelines exceed- § 424.43 Effluent limitations representing. the degree of effluent re- guidelines Metric units. kg/kkg of prod=t duction attainable by the application of representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best available technology economi- Manganece . 0.818 0.339 cally achievable. the best available technology economl. Ammonla.N_ 6.778 3.333 cally achievable. English uni lb/lO0 lb of product The following limitations establish The following limitations establish 'the quantity or quality of pollutants the quantity or quality of pollutants ?Afananee . 0.678 0.339 or pollutant properties, controlled by or pollutant properties, controlled by Ammonla.N . 6.778 3.389 this section, which may be discharged this section, which'may be discharged by a point source subject to the provi- by a point source subject to the provi- (b) The following limitations estab- l1sh the quantity or quality of pollut- sions of this subpart after application sions of this subpart after application ants or pollutant properties, con- of the best available technology eco- of the best available technology eco- trolled by this section, which may be nomically achievable: nomically achievable: discharged by a point source subject to

FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL 43 NO. 164-WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 23, 1978 37586 PROPOSED RULES the provisions of this subpart produc- Effluent characteristic Effluent limitations Section ing electrolytic manganese dioxide Subcategory delgnation after application of the best available (40 CPR) pH -----...... Within the range 6.0 to technology economically achievable: 9.0 Float glass manufacturing...... 420.03 Automotive glass tempering . 420.03 Automotive glass laminating ...... 420.73 Effluent limitations Glass container manufacturing ...... 420.83 Glass tubing (Danner) manufacturing.... 420,103 Effluent Average of daily Section characteristics Maximum for values for 30 Subcategory designation any I day consecutive days Covered calcium carbide furnaces with wet air pollution control deVices-...... 424.47 4. The regulations listed below are shall not Electrolytic manganese products ..... 424.67 exceed- Electrolytic chromium 424.77 added as follows: Metric units, kg/kkg of product Effluent limitations guidelines rep- PART 426-GLASS MANUFACTURING POINT resenting the degree of effluent reduc- Manganese__ 0.176 0.088 SOURCE CATEGORY Ammonla-N 1.762 0.881 tion attainable by the application of 40 CFR Subchapter N Part 426 for the best conventional pollutant con- English units. lb/1000 lbof product the Glass Manufacturing Point Source trol technology. Category is proposed to be amended as Manganese ...... 0.176 0.088 The following limitations establish Ammonia-TT ...... 1.762 0.881 follows: the quantity or quality of pollutants 1. The sections listed below axe or pollutant properties, controlled by 10. Section 424.73 of the Electrolytic added as follows: this section, which may be discharged Chromium Subcategory is proposed to Effluent limitations guidelines rep- by a point source subject to the provi- be amended as follows: resenting the degree of effluent reduc- sions of this subpart after application tion attainable by the application of §424.73 Effluent limitations guidelines the best conventional pollutant con- of the best conventional pollutant con- representing the degree of effluent re- trol technology. trol technology. duction attainable by the application of The following limitations establish the best available technology economi- the quantity or quality of pollutants cally achievable. Effluent characteristic Effluent limitation or pollutant properties, which may be The following limitations establish discharged by a point source subject to pH...... Within the range 0.0 to the quantity or quality of pollutants the provisions of this subpart after ap- 9.0" or pollutant properties, controlled by plication of the best conventional pol- this section, which may be discharged lutant control technology*, There shall by. a point source subject to the provi- be no discharge of process waste water Section sions of this subpart after application pollutants to navigable waters. Subcategory dislnation of the (40 ClR) best available technology eco- Float glass manufacturing ...... 426.07 nomically achievable: Section Automotive glass tempering ...... 420.07 Subcategory designation Automotive glass laminating ...... 42077 (40 CFR) Glass container manufacturin ...... 420.87 Effluent limitations Insulation fiberglass ...... 426.17 Sheet glas ...... 426.27 Glass tubing (Danner) manufacturing. 420,107 Rolled glass manufacturing ...... 426.37 Television picture tube envelope manu- Effluent Average of daily facturing ...... 428.117 characteristics Maximum for values for 30 Incandescent -lamp envelope manufac- any I day consecutive days turing ...... 420,127 shall not § 426.23 [Redesignated as § 426.47] exceed- Handpressed and blown glass manufac- 2. (a) Section 426.43 of the Plate turing ...... ,...... _. 420,137 Metric units, kg/kkg of product Glass Manufacturing Subcategory is redesignated as §426.47 and the origi- Manganese 0.530 '0.265 nal section number reserved for future (5) Section 426.d13 of the Television Chromium ...... 0.053 0.027 use. Picture Tube Envelope Manufacturing Ammonia-N ...... 5.297 2.649 (b) The title and first paragraph of Subcategory is proposed to be amend- ...... English units, lb/1,000 lb of product the section redesignated above is ed as follows: amended to read as follows: Effluent Manganese ...... 0.530 0.265 limitations guidelines rep- §426.113 Effluent limitations guldelineu Chromium ...... 0.053 0.027 resenting the degree of effluent reduc- Amonia-N.... 5.297 2.649 representing the degree of effluent re- tion attainable by the application of duction attainable by the application of the best conventional pollutant con- 11. The new sections listed below are the best available technology economi- trol technology. cally achievable. added as follows: The following limitations establish Effluent limitations guidelines rep- the quantity or quality of pollutants resenting the degree of effluent reduc- The following limitations establish or pollutant properties, controlled by the quantity or quality of pollutants tion attainable by the application of this section, which may be discharged the best conventional or pollutant properties, controlled by pollutant con- by a point source subject to the provi- trol technology. this section, which may be discharged The following limitations establish sions of this subpart after application of the best conventional pollutant con- by a point source subject to the provi- the quantity or quality of pollutants sions of this subpart after application or pollutant properties, controlled by, trol technology. this section, which may be discharged of the best available technology eco- by a point source subject to the provi- nomically achievable. These limita- sions of this subpart after application 3. The regulations listed below are tions are applicable to the abrasive po- of the best conventional pollutant con- withdrawn and the. section numbers lishing and acid polishing waste water trol technology. reserved for future use. streams.

FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL 43 NO. 164-WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 23, 1978 PROPOSED RULES 37587 this section, which may be discharged Effluent lImitatIons by a point source subject to the provi- Effluent limItatons Effluent Average of daily sions of this subpart after application Effluent Average of daily characteristics Maximum for values for 30 eco- charaterlstics Maximum for valuesfor30 any I day consecutive days of the best available technology any 1 day consecuti- days shall not nomically achievable: shaH not exceed- (a) Any plant which melts raw mate- exceed- rials, produces hand.pressed or blown Metricunits, g/kkg of furnace Metric units. kg/kkgofflnished pull leaded glassware, discharges greater asbletosprcducts than 50 gallons per day of process Fluoride - 120.0 60.0 waste water, and employs hydrofluoric COD_ 0.30 0.15 Lead 0.9 0.45 acid finishing techniques shall meet TSS 0.18 0.09 English units. ib/1000 lb of the following limitations. Enslish units Ib/IOlb of furnace pull finished asbestos products

Fluoride- 0.12 0.06 Effluentlimltntlons COD______0.30 0-15 Lead_ 0.0009 0.00045 TSS_____ 0.18 0.09 Effluent Average of dally characteristi Maximum for values for 30 (6) Section 426.123 of the Incandes- any 1 day wonscutive dqs 2. A new § 427.97 Is added to the Sol- cent Lamp Envelope Manufacturing exceed-chall not vent Recovery Subcategory as reads Subcategory is proposed to be amend- below. ed as follows: =llmcrnm= per liter §427.97 Effluent limitations guidelines §426.123 Effluent limitatibns guidelines representing the degree of effluent re- -representing the degree of effluent re- Led_ _ 0.2 0.1 duction, attainable by the application of duction attainable by the application of Fluoride 210 13.0 the best conventional pollutant control the best available technology economi- technology. cally achievable. (b) Any plant which melts raw mate- The following limitations establish The following limitations establish rials, produces non-leaded hand- the quantity or quality of pollutants the quantity or quality of pollutants pressed or blown glassware, discharges or pollutant properties, controlled by or pollutant properties, controlled by greater than 50 gallons per day of this section, which may be discharged this section, which mak be discharged process waste water, and employs hy- by a point source subject to the provi- by a point source subject to the provi- drofluoric acid finishing techniques sions of this subpart after application sions of -this subpart- after application shall meet the following limitations. of the best conventional pollutant con- of the best available technology eco- trol technology. nomically achievable: Effluent limltations (a) Any manufacturing plant which Effluent charactAritic Effluent limItatins incandescent lamp envelopes frosts Effluent Average of dally PIT ...... -Within therane of .0 shall meet the following limitations characterisics- 3aximum for, valus for 30 with regard to the finishing oper- any 1 day coaecutive day to 9.0. sha not ations. exceed- PART 432--MEAT PRODUCTS-POIWT SOURCE CATEGORY Effluent limitations Mlllramn per liter 40 CFR Subchapter N prA 432 for Effluent Average of daily Fluoride- 28.0 13.0 the Meat Products Point Source Cate- characteristics Maximum for values for 30 any 1 day- consecutive days gory is proposed to be amended as fol- shall not lows: exceed- PART 427-ASBESTOS MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY 1. The sections listed below are sus- Metric units. g/l;kg of product pended. frosted 40 CFR Subchapter N part 427 for the Asbestos Manufacturing Point Section luorlde-..... 104.0 52.0 Subcatesory desination Ammonia - 240.0 120.0 Source Category is proposed to be (40 CPR) amended as follows: English units. lb/1000 lb of Simple alaughterhoze 432.13 product frosted 1. Section 427.93 of the Solvent Re- Complex alaughterhoute 432.23 covery Subcategory Is amended to Lo.pnrocezdng packinshou e - 432.33 Fluoride- 0.104 0.052 read as follows: High.procezfna pacwgouse - 432.A3 Ammoni . 0.24 0.12 § 427.93 Effluent limitatlons guidelines 2. The new sections listed below are 7. Section 426.133 of the Hand representing the degree of effluent re- added as follows:. Pressed and Blown Glass Manufactur- duction attainable by the application of Effluent limitations guidelines rep- ing Subcategory is proposed to be- the best available technology economi- resenting the degree of effluent reduc- amended as follows: cally achievable. tion attainable by the application of limitations establish the best conventional pollutant con- §426.133 Effluent limitations guidelines The following the quanity or quality of pollutants or trol technology. representing the degree of effluent re- (a) The following limitations estab- duction attainable by the application of pollutant properties, controlled by this lish the quantity or quality of pollut- the best available technology economi- section, which may be discharged by a ant properties, controlled. by this sec- cally achievable. point source subject to the provisons tion and attributable to on-site slaugh- The following limitations establish of this subpart afer application of the ter or subsequent meat, meat product the quantity or quality of pollutants best best available technology eco- or byproduct processing or carcasses or pollutant properties, controlled by nomically achievable. of animals slaughtered on-site, which

FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL 43 NO. 164-WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 23, 1978 37588 PROPOSED RULES

may be discharged by a point source Effluent limitations Effluent limitations subject to the provisions of this subpart after application of the best con- Effluent Average of daily Effluent Average of daily ventional pollutant control technol- characteristics Maximum for values for 30 characteristics Maximum for values for 30 any 1 day consecutive days any I day consecutive days ogy. shall not shall not exceed- exceed-

Effluent characteristic Effluent limitations Milligrams per liter-effluent Milligrams per liter-effluent

Fecal coliform ...... Maximum at any time Ammonia ...... 8.0 4.0 400 mpn/100 ml. Ammonia ...... 8.0 4.0 pH...... W ithin the range of 6.0 5. A new § 432.67 for the Meat to 9.0. 7. A new § 432.77 for the Sausage Cutter Subcategory is added as fol- and Luncheon Meats Processor Subca- lows: tegory is added as follows: Section § 432.67 Effluent limitations guidelines § 432.77 Effluent limitations guidelines Subcategory designation representing the degree of effluent re- representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of duction attainable by the application of Simple slaughterhouse ...... 432.17 the best conventional pollutant control the best conventional pollutant tech. Complex slaughterhouse ...... 432.27 technology. Low-processing packinghouse ...... 432.37 nology. High-processing packinghouse ...... 432.47 The following limitations establish The following limitations establish the quantity or quality of pollutants the quantity or quality of pollutants or pollutant properties, controlled by or pollutant properties, controlled by § 432.53 [Redesignated as § 432.57] this section, which may be discharged this section, which may be discharged by a point source subject to the provi- 3. (a) Section 432.53 of the Small by a point source subject to the provisions of this subpart after application siois of this subpart after application Processor Subcategory is redesignated of the best conventional pollutant con- of the best conventional control tech- as §432.57 and the original section trol technology: nology: numbers reserved for future use. (b) The title and first paragraph of Effluent limitations Effluent limitations the section redesignated above is Effluent Average of daily amended to read as follows: characteristics Maximum for values for 30 Effluent Average of daily any 1 day consecutive days characteristics Maximum for values for 30 Effluent limitations guidelines rep- shall not any 1 day consecutive days resenting the degree of effluent reduc- exceed- shall not tion attainable by the application of exceed- Metric units, kg/kkg of finished the best conventional pollutant con- product Metric units, kg/kkg of finished trol technology. product

The following limitations establish BOD5 ...... 0.018 0.009 the quantity or quality of pollutants TSS ...... 0.024 0.012 BOD5 ...... 0.28 0.14 Oil and grease 0.012 0.006 TSS ...... 0.38 0.10 or pollutant properties, controlled by Oil and grease 0.20 0.10 this section, which may be discharged ...... English units, lb/1,000 lb of by a point source subject to the provi- finished product English units, lb/1.000 lb of finished product sions of this subpart after application of the best conventional pollutant con- BOD5 ...... 0.018 0.009 trol technology. TSS ...... 0.024 0.012 BODS ...... 0.28 0,14 Oil and grease 0.012 0.006 TSS ...... 0.38 0.19 Oil and grease .... 0.20 0.10 pH ...... Within the range 6.0 to 9.0. Fecal collforms.. Maximum at-any time 400 mpn/ 100 Ml. pH ...... Within the range 6.0 to 9.0 Fecal coliforms.. Maximum at any time 40D mpn/ 4. Section 432.63 of the Meat Cutter 100 ml. Subcategory is proposed to be amend- 6. Section 432.73 of the Sausage and Luncheon Meats Processor Subcate- ed as follows: 8. Section 432.83 of the Ham Proces- gory is proposed to be amended as fol- sor Subcategory is proposed to be § 432.63 Effluent limitations guidelines lows: amended as follows: representing the degree of effluent re- § 432.73 Effluent limitations guidelines* 432.83 Effluent limitations guidelines rep- duction attainable by the application.of representing the degree of effluent re- resenting the degree of effluent reduc- the best available technology economi- duction attainable by the application of tion attainable by the application of cally achievable. the best available technology economi- the best available technology economically available. The following limitations establish cally achievalble. the quantity or quality of pollutants The following limitations establish The following limitations establish the quantity or quality of pollutants or pollutant properties, controlled by the quantity or quality of pollutants or pollutant properties, controlled by or pollutant properties, controlled by this section, which may be discharged this section, which may be discharged this section, which may be discharged by a point source subject to the provi- by a point source subject. to the provi- by a point source subject to the provisons of this subpart after application sions of this subpart after application sions of this subpart after application of the best conventional available of the best available technology eco- of the best available technology eco- technology economically achievable: nomically achievable: nomically achievable:

FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL-43 NO. 164-WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 23, 1978 PROPOSED RULES 37589

Effluent limitations Effluent limitations Effluent lImitations

Effluent Average of day Effluent Average of daily Effluent Average of daily characteristics Maximum for values for 30 characterlstcs Maxfmum for values for 30 characteristics Maximum for values for 30 any 1 day consecutive days any I day consecutive days any I day conzecutive days shall not shl not shall not- exceed- exceed- ecened- Milligramns per liter-effluent Milticrams Per Iter--effluent MeWc units. kg/keg of raw material Anmmonia-.. 8.0 4.0 Ammonia . 8.0 4.0 9. A new § 432.87 for the Ham Pro- Ammonla - 0.04 mgl 0.02 cessor Subcategory is added as follows: 11. A new § 432.97 for the Canned Meats Processor Subcategory is added Englsh units. lb/l.COG Ib of raw § 432.87 Effluent limitations guidelines as follows: material effluent re- representing the degree of AmmonIa -. 0.04 0.02 attainable by the application of § 432.97 Effluent limitations guidelines duction representing- the degree of effluent re- the best conventional pollutant control duction attainable by the application of technology. 13. A new § 432.107 for the Renderer the best conventional pollutant control Subcategory Is added as follows:. The following limitations establish technology. the quantity or quality of pollutants The following limitations establish §432.107 Effluent limitations guidelines or pollutant properties,. controlled by the quantity or quality of pollutants representing the degree of effluent re- this section, which may be discharged or pollutant properties, controlled by duction attainable by the application of by a point source subject to the provi- the best conventional pollutant control subpart after application this section, which may be discharged sions of this by a p6lnt source subject to the provi- technology. of the best conventional pollutant con- sions of this subpart after application (a) Subject to the provisions of para- trol technology:. of the best conventional pollutant con- graph (b) of this section, the following trol technology:. limitations establish the quantity or Effluent limitations quality of pollutants or pollutant Effluent llmltaUns properties, controlled by this section, Effluent Average of daily which may be discharged by a point characteristics Maximumfor values for 30 of this any 1 day consecutive days Effluent Average of daily source subject to the provisions shal not characteristic Maximum for values for 30 subpart after application of the best exceed- any 1 day consecutive days shall not conventional pollutant control tech- exceed- nology: Metricunits. kg/kkg of finished product Metri unils k/kkz of finihed Efluent lImltatfo= product BODS__--_ 0.32 0.16 Effluent Average ofdaily TSS . 0.42 0.21 BODS_- 0.34 0.17 CharacterLtIcs Maximum for values for 30 Oil and grease.. 0.22 0.11 __ _ 0.44 0.22 any 1 day consecutive days Oil and grease. 0m.2 013 shan not exceed- English units. Ib/l,00 lb of finished product EnalLsh units. lb/I.000 lb of fInihed product Metric unlts, kg/kki- of flnished product BOD5_ 0.32 0.16 BODE 0.34 0.13 Tss 0.42 0.21 7W_ 0.44 0.22 BODS 0.14. 0.07 Oil and grease-. 0.22 0.11 Oil and grease. 0.26 0.13 Tss 0."0 010 Oil and gre.. 0.I0 0.05 pH . Withln the ranZe 6.0 to 9.0 pH within the range &OYto 9.0. Fecal coliform.. axn'rmum at any time 400 mpn/ Fecal coliforma.. Maxtm at any time 400 mpnf pH Within the range 6.0 to 9.0 lco Fecalcoliforms_ Mnximumat any time 400 mpn/ 100 ml mL 100 mL EaUn-h uni. b1.G00 lb of 12. Section 432.103 of the Renderer f1nhed product 10. Section 432.93- of the Canned Subcategory Is proposed to be amend- Meats Processor Subcategory is pro- ed as follows: BODS 014 0.0 posed to be amended as follows: T0.20 0.10 § 432.103 Effluent limitations guidelines Oil and grewae-- OA 0.05 § 432.93 Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent re- pH Within the range 6.0 to 9.0. duction attainable by the application of Fecal coliforma Maxfmun at any time 400 mPn/ representing the degree of effluent re- lN ML duction attainable by the application of the bit available technology economi- the best avfilable technology economically achievable. cally achievable. (b) The limitations given in para- (a) Subject to the provisions of para- and graph (b) of this section. the following graph (a) of this section for BOD5 The following limitations establish TSS are derived for a renderer which the-quantity or quality of pollutants limitations establish the quantity or quality of pollutants or pollutant does no cattle hide curing as part of or pollutant properties, controlled by a. renderer does this section, which may be discharged properties, controlled by this section.- the plant activities. If by a point source. subject to the provi- which may be discharged by a point conduct hide curing, the following em- sions of this subpart after application source subject to the provisions of this pirical forulas should be used to of the best available technology eco- subpart after application of the best derive an additive adjustment to the nomically-achievable: available technology economically effluent limitations for BOD5 and achievable: TSS:

FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL 43 NO. 164-WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 23, 1978 37590 PROPOSED RULES

BOD5 Adjustment (kg/ 11. Meat Products more commonly used for small POTWs and kkg RM)= 3.6x (number of hides Red Meat Processing, EPA 440/1-74-012- represent normal costs for those sizes. kg of raw material a. Handling Various Combinations of Con. ventional Pollutants. The methodology for (lbil,000 lb RM)= 7.9x(number of hides) Processor, EPA 440/1-74/031. Independent Rendering, EPA 440/1-77/ judging reasonableness compares the Incre- 031-e, Supplement. mental cost of removal of conventional pol. lbs of raw material lutants by an industrial source to the Incre- TSS Adjustment (kg/kkg APPENDIx B-METHODOLOGY mental cost of removal of conventional pol- RM)= 6.2x(number of hides) lutants by a POTW of similar flow. The conventional pollutants listed in the Act are kg of raw material One of the requirements that must be met suspended solids, biological oxygen demand, (lb/l,000 lb RM)= 13.6x(number of hides) In issuing a BCT effluent regulation is that pH, and fecal coliform, with the addition to it must meet the test of reasonableness. The the list of oil and grease, chemical oxygen lbs of raw material Agency is proposing to judge reasonableness demand, and total phosphorus imminent, by the following methodology. The test has these pollutants (except pH and coliform) two basic elements: fal into three sometimes overlapping catego. APPENDIX A-DocuaULUTS USED IN THE - A5 ALYSIS (1) Compare the incremental costs of re- ries, namely, solids, oxygen demanding sub. moval of conventional pollutants for an instances, or nutrients. Normal secondary mu. The data for each of the industry catego:- dustrial discharger with removal costs at a nicipal treatment is designed to remove ries were taken from the documents listed model POTW; and If industrial costs are less oxygen demand and solids. Oil and grease below: than those at a POTW the regulation is and chemical oxygen demand measure a judged reasonable. pollutant problem somewhat different than 1. Dairy Products (2) Where the incremental costs for the bilogical oxygen demand, but in essence industrial discharger exceed those at the their removal still has the same effect on Dairy Products Processing, EPA 440/1-74- the nation's waterways, that Is, to lessen 021-a.' model POTW, the concentrations of the conventional pollutant(s) are compared to oxygen demanding substances. 2. Grain Mills concentration levels required of POTWs and Based on this rationale, the comparison of if the industrial concentrations significantly incremental industrial costs of removal with Grain Processing, EPA 4q0/1/74-028-a. exceed the POTW concentrations the regu- incremental POTW costs of removal only Animal Feed, Breakfas "Cereal and Wheat. lation is judged reasonable. considers biological oxygen demand and sus. Starch, EPA 440/1-74Q039-a. The major concern is how the costs of pended solids. Adding BOD and TSS togeth. Corn Wet Milling, EPA 440/1-78/028-b, er Is based on the premise that BOD and Supplement. POTWs and industrial subcategories are developed. a methodology is developed below TSS are removed jointly In a POTW. By that allows the Agency to make an appro- weighting BOD. and TSS equally means that 3. Fruits and Vegetables priate comparison of these costs. the cost of municipal treatment Is being allocated equally to each pound of BOD or Apple, Citrus and Potato Products, EPA Incremental Costs. Economic theory supports the comparison of marginal costs to TSS being removed by the POTW. If BOD 440/1-74-027-a. is not regulated In a particular Industry Edonomle'Analysis of the Fruits and Vege- obtain an optimal utilization of -esources. Society, if in economic equilibrium, will either COD or oil and grease, If regulated, tables Catqgory (Phase II), EPA 230/1-75'- will be used to represent the oxygen de- 036, Supplement I!, March 1977. have best allocated its resources to obtain some level of pollution control where the manding characteristics of the industrial marginal cost of removing a specified pollut- wastestream. The removal of phosphorus 4. Seafood in a ant is the same wherever It is being re- from a wastestream can be handled Fish Meal, Salmon, Bottom Fish, Clam. moved. Based on the premise set forth by somewhat different manner, since Its removal at a POTW is primarily performed by a Oyster, Sardine, Scallop, Herring, and Aba- Congress that the current level of pollutant lone, EPA 440/1-75/041-a. removal by POTWs is reasonable, the mar- treatment techology separate from normal ginal cost of -emoval is reasonable. Thus, it secondary treatment. Thus, phosphorus re- industrial and mu- moval at a model POTW can be estimated 5. SugarProcessing is the marginal costs of independently of the other pollutants. nicipal treatment that are compared, I.e., at The POTW comparison number Is calcu- Beet Sugar Processing, EPA 440/1-74-002- the margin what is the cost to remove an b. lated by dividing the additional cost of up- additional pound of pollutant to meet sec- grading a POTW by the additional removal Cane Sugar Processing, EPA 440/1-74- ondary POTW or BCT requirements? Ob- 002-c. of conventional pollutants, where the sum taining accurate estimates of marginal costs of the pounds of BOD and TSS removed is can be difficult and is usually approximated 6. Cement Manufacturing used to represent the removal of conven. by the use of increments. tional pollutants. By considering an activat- Cement Manufacturing,. EPA 440/1-74- Estimation of the incremental costs for in- ed sludge POTW and another somewhat 005-a. dustry is relatively streightforward, since better (longer retention time) activated the increment between BPT and BAT (and sludge POTW, the difference In cost and re- 7. Feedlots in the future, BCT) is well-defined. The in- moval of pollutants can be estimated. cremental cost of conventional pollutant re- The incremental cost of conventional pol Feedlots, EPA 440/1-74/004-a. moval by industry is calculated by dividing -lutant removal by industry Is calculated by the additional total annual expense in- dividing the additional total annual expense 8. PhosphateManufacturing, curred to increase treatment from BPT to incurred when going to BAT/BCT from BAT/BCT by the additional mass of con- BPT by the additional pounds of BOD and Other Non-Fertilizer Phosphate chemi- ventional pollutants removed. cals, EPA 440/1-75/049-a. TSS removed, This yields an incremental Determination of the incremental cost for cost that is directly comparable to the Incre. POTWs is more difficult, although the con- mental costs number developed for 9. Ferroalloys cept is similar. For larger POTWs (1 mgd POTW's. A problem arises in the Industrial cost to upgrade an Smelting and Slag Processing, EPA 440/1- and over), the additional calculation when either BOD or TSS is not 74/008-a. activated sludge system that just meets sec- regulated (and therefore no acceptable cal. Calcium Carbide, EPA 440/1-75/038. ondary treatment requirements to an acti- culation for Its removal Is possible). In these Electrolytic Ferroalloys, EPA 440/1-75/ vated sludge system that has slightly longer cases the concept of conventional pollutants 038-a. retention time and can exceed secondary re- Is used, since solids and oxygen demand are quirements is divided by the additional of primary Interest. If BOD Is not regulated, quantity of conventional pollutants re- then pounds of COD, or oil and grease re- 10. Glas Manufacturing moved. This represents as accurate a mar- moved are substituted (in that order of pri- Pressed and Blown Glass, EPA 440/1-75- ginal cost as can be calculated with publicly ority). This approach approximates the in. 034-a. available data. For other POTWs (less than cremental cost of removal for conventional Flat Glass, EPA 440/1-74/001-c. 1 mgd) the incremental cost is calculated for pollutants as opposed to the Incremental Insulation Fiberglass, EPA 440/1-74-001- upgrading a facultative lagoon to a package cost of removal of individual pollutants, For ,treatment system. These two systems are each industrial subcategory being analyzed

FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 43 NO. 164-WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 23, 1978 PROPOSED RULES 37591 in this 'reasonableness' test there are 4 con- levels and flows in order to represent a Incremental removal &sts, the total annual ventional pollutants which may enter into range of plants affected by the regulations. cost and the total pollutant removal of this POTW cost comparison calculation. The incremental cost estimated for each of POTWs must be estimated. The Incremental Table E1 displays the possible combinations the models varies significantly depending on costs are then calculated by consdering two of those 4 pollutants and indicates for each the flow. Since various flow size models are different types of treatment systems that combination which pollutant remadvals are used for the estimation of the industrial achieve a slightly different removal of pol- used in the industrial cost calculation. cost of removal, it is nececsary to consider lutants. The POTW incremental costs are The reasonableness test for regulations re- POTW's of various flows in order to Insure developed below In three steps. First the -quiring the removal of total phosphorus is comparability of the Incremental costs. annual costs for municipal systems are esti- parallel to that for -the other conventional Thus, this methodology compares the costs mated, and second the pollutant removal of pollutants. The removal of total phosphorus of removal based on Industrial systems and the 0stems Is calculated. The third step by a municipal treatment system is general. POTW's of the same flow siz combines the cost and removal estimates to ly achieved by the addition of alum to the - Concentration test In those cases In develop the incremental costs of pollutant wastewater, since secondary treatment gen- which a regulation Is judged unreasonable removal. erally achieves little phosphorus removal. based on the POTW comparison test, a Total annual POT7W cotsL The cost esti- This treatment is in addition to the normal second test compares the concentration of mates are based primarily on public docu- secondary treatment, so the cost of remov- BOD and TSS in the effluent of a POTW at ments Issued by the Agency. All cost esti- ing ,total phosphorus can be isolated from secondary treatment with the concentration mates may be adlusted by use of the sewage the cost of removing other conventional pol- treatment plant construction cost Index as of conventional pollutants from an industri- below. lutants. Thus, the incremental cost of re- al source after BAT/BCT is in place. This presented moval of total phosphorus in a POTW can concentration test is a means to check the Cost be estimated and used as a <eria for Judg- absblute level of performance of an Industri- ing reasonableness. The cost of total phos- al system with that of a municipal system. Date Ind= phorus removal by industry can be estimat- If the industry pollutant concentrations ed in those cases in which the costs of tech- exceed those at a POTW, the Agency March 1970 - 253.7 nology for total phosphorus removal can be June 1916 - 259.6 weighs this higher concentration against cIptcmr 1l76. 252.5 isolated from the other costs. The industrial the magnitude by which the POTW cost cri- December 1976 - 270.3 incremental cost of total phosphorus remov- terla was surpassed. If the concentration Is I 18G 252.2 al is then compared to the cost of removal significantly higher than at a POTW and March IM - 270.9 by a POTW. If the cost of removal by indus- July 19"7 273.a the POTW cost test was not failed by a 231.0 try is the same or lower than at a model great margin, the Agency Judges the regula- September 1977 POTW, -the regulation controlling total tion reasonable. phosphorus is judged 'to be reasonable. In The capital costs for aOTW are annua- those instances for which the cost of total lized by the application of a capital recovery phosphorus removal can not be isolated TABLE BIl-Conventional Pollutants to be factor. The capital costs are annualized on from the other treatment costs incurred by included in the industrialcost of0pollutant the basis of 30 years at 10-percent interest industry, all costs-of threatment are allo- removal (divide by 9.427) for activiated sludge sy- cated to the other conventional pollutants tems, 50 years at 10-percent interest (divide and no specific comparison,of total phos- Pollutants being by 9.915) for lagoons, and 9 years at 10-per- phorus removal costs is made. cent interest (divide by 5.'759) for contact regulated Pollutants to be included, Stabilization package plants. Three primary It is clear that the approach for testing BOD TSS O&0 COD sources of information were used in develop- the reasonableness of the total phosphorus ing the POTW cos.s. Each one of the refer- regulations is somewhat different than for ence sources uses slightly different tech- the other conventional pollutants. The rea- BOD X niques and assumptions to obtain the final sonableness test for total phosphorus re- cost, so each reference is d1sed below. In quires costs for an identifiable treatment COD_____ X each case, however, whenever cost estimates for total phosphorus to be isolated from the BOD,TS-...... X X . are made for an activiated sludge system a treatment costs for other pollutants. For BOD, O&0 - X custom engineered and fabricated unit is POTW's alum addition is considered to treat BOD. COD_ _ X being considered and whenever -cost esti- specifically for phosphorus and thus, all the TSS, O&G X X mates are made for a contact stabilization TSS. COD - X X system a package unit is eing considered. additional costs for alum addition beyond O&G, COD_-___ treatment can be allocted The "Areawide Assesment Procedures normal seconday BOD. TSS..O&G. 5 5 .-- Mfanual. Appendix H, Point Source Control to total phosphorus removed. For industrial BOD. TSS. COD . X X ,, Alternatives" Is compiled by the EPA labo- dischargers it is often much more difficult BOD. O&G. COD - X ... •SS, O&G, COD- . 55. X ratory in Cincinnati, Ohio. The cost curves to allocate the costs of their more c9mplex used from this reference include the equip- treatment systems, making cost compari- BOD, TS. O&G. COD______X X...... ment, labor, and miscellaneous structures sons difficult. Due to these particular prob- needed to build the treatment system. For lems, the Agency solicits your comments on *Totalphosphorus I- being analysed epaately. facultative lagoons though, the additional the methodology for testing the reasonable- cost of the necessary miscellaneous struc- ness of total phosphorus regulations. If tures must be added to the equipment costs. your comments include alternative method- APPENDix C-Tm CosT oF POLtUmTr The cost of miscellaneous structures for fac- ologies be sure to include any documenta- RsovAr. By PUBLrcLY Ownz= Taz=zsT ultative lagoons are estimated to be 50 per- tion, data used, and same calculations. cent of those presented In this reference, The remaining two conventional pollut- since smaller treatment systems do not re- ants, pH and fecal coliform are not being Background. As part of determining the quire a full complement of miscellaneous considered. in the reasonableness test. For reasonableness of regulations for conven- structures. To these construction costs must industries under review pH and fecal coli- tional pollutants. Congress suggested that be added the cost of site preparation, form regulations do not change from BPT the Agency compare the cost to remove pol- piping. electrical work, engineering supervi- to BCTI/BAT. lutants by publicly owned treatment works sion. and contingency costs which adds an (POTW's) with the cost of removing pollut- additional 36A percent to the equipment Flow, basis for comparison. The incre- ants by industrial dischargers. The follow- costs. The operating and maintenance costs mental cost of pollutant removal by indus- ing material presents estimates of these were taken directly from the operating and trial dischargers is estimated based on costs for various types of POTWs. The maintenance cost tables provided for each model plants-that were used in the develop- POTW reasonableness criteria is based on type of treatment system. The costs in this ment of the regulations. These model plants the incremental cost of removal of conven- reference are in September 1976 dolla and were often based on various production tional pollutants. In order to estimate these are presented In Table C1 and C2.

FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL 43 NO. 164-WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 23, 1978 137592 PROPOSED RULES

TABLE C1.-Cost of municipal treatment based on a-eawide assessment manual [In milllons of September 1976 dollars]

Equipment Other Total capital Annualized Total annual TreAtmenteystem Flow. mgd cost -construction cost capital cost O.&,M. codt cost

Activated luge....._ ...... 0.10 0.490 0.178 0.68 0.071 0.060 0.131 .25 -700 .255 .955 .101 .073 .174 .50 .940 .342 1.282 .138 A092 .228 1.00 1.250 .455 1.705 .181 .130 .311 20.00 9.000 3.276 12.276 1.302 .870 2,112 Activatedn ludgeplus phosphorusremova...... 10 M30 .193 .723 .077 .082 .130 .25 .780 .284 1.064 .113 .018 .101 .50 1..050 .382 1.432 .152 .105 .257 1.00 1.500 .546 2.048 .217 .150 .397 20.00 10.000 2.640 13.640 L447 1.200 2.047 Contact stabilization tpackagesystem) ...... 1 .120 .044 .164 .028 ,14 .042 .15 .150 .055 .205 .036 .010 .052 -25 .180 .066 .246 .043 .021 .004 .50 .250 .091 .341 .059 .033 .003 L00 .320 .116 .436 .076 .05D .120

T&BT C2.-Cost offacultativelagoons, based oanareawide assessment manual tIn millionsof Septenberl976 dollars]

low, mgd Equipment cost "6Lscelaneous Other Total capital Annualized capital Total 0. & M. Total annual cost structures cost construction cost cost cost cost

0.10 0.078 0.014 0.033 0.125- 0.013 0.012 0.025 .15 .110 .016 .046 .172 .017 .013 .030 25 .150 .019 .062 .231 .023 .014 .037 .50 .250 .025 .100 .375 .038 .017 .055 100 -410 .035 .162 .607 .061 .021 ,002

The "Techlni alPolicy and Procedures 1978 Survey of Needs for Publicly Owned Wastewater Facilitles" Is another source from Which cost estimates are obtained. The cost curves in this reference include all the capital costs related to construction. The operating and maintenance costs .are estimated as 10 percent of the capital-cost and are added to the annualized capital costs to obtain the total annual cost. The costs In this reference are in January 1978 dollars. The cost estimates obtained by using this reference are presented In Table C3. TAE C3.-Costs of municipaliratment, based on the survey of needs [In millions of January 1978 dollars]

Treatment system Total flow. Capital cost Annualized'capltalcost Total operating maintenance Annual cost mgd

Activatedsludge...... 0.01 0.042 V.004 0.004 0.000 .05 .175 .019 .018 .037 .10 .330 l035 .033 .008 .25 .740 l078 .074 .162 :50 1.370 .145 .137 .282 1.00 2.550 m270 .255 ,525

.Aln Analysis of Construction Cost 7,xperience -for Wastewater Treatment Plant" dated February 1977 Is printed ly the Municipal Construction Division at EPL.Whe cost curves are used to estimate the~capital cost of aPOTW. The, operating and naintenance costo are estimated as 10 percent of the capital cost and are Added to the annualized capital costs to obtain the total annual cost.The cost :ctlmatcs presented in Mls reference arein September 1976 dollars based on the sewage treatment plant index of 263. The cost estimates obtained by ,usingthis reference are presented in Table C4.

TABLE4--Costsof municipal treatmen4 based on an analysis of construction:costexperience mInmlion-ofSeptem1ber1970 dollars)

Troatmentsystem PMow.mgd Total-capital cost Annualized capital cost O.4&ALcost Total annual cost

Activated sludge-__. ,.0 0.051 0.005 0.005 0.010 .10 .330 .035 .003 ,030 .15 A60 -049 .040 1095 .25 .700 .074 .070 ,144 1.00 2.150 .228 .215 .443 2.00 3.75D .398 .M75 .773 '3.00 5.200 -552 .520 1.072 18500 22.M750 2.413 2.275 4.688 .01 561 .006 .008 .012 M -390 .041 .039 l080 \With additional reten. tln ...... 15 -55D .058 .055 .113 .25 .820 .087 .082 .169 1.00 2.500 .265 .250 .510 2.00 4.425 .469 .443 .912 3.00 6.200 .658 .620 1.270 18.00 27.250 2.891 2.725 5.010

FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL 43,'NO. 16I--tEDNESDAY, AUGUST 23,1978 PROPOSED RULES 37593

Pollution Removal by POTW& The conventional pollutants under consideration are biological oxygen demand, suspended solids, pH,, fecal coliform, chemical oxygen demand, oil and grease, and total phosphorus. Most municipal treatment systems remove or can be designed to remove these pollutants. Of these pollutants the removal of biological oxygen demand, suspended solids, and total phosphorus have been estimated, since the remaining conventional pollutants are not being directly considered in the POTW reasonableness criteria. The removal rate of a pollutant equals the flow of the POTW times the change in concentration of the pollutant as It passes through the system. For the calculations presented here the influent concentration Is 210 mg/I for biological oxygen demand, 230 mg/I for suspended solids, and 11 mg/I-for total phosphorus all based on the "Areawide Assessment Manual." Thus for a I mgd POTW that treats biological oxygen demand to 25 mg/l and suspended solids to 25 mg/l the calculation for removal is:Flow X change in concentration=(1 million gallons/day) x ((210+230)-(25+25)) mg/l=(1 million gallons/day) x (390 mg/l)=(1 million gallons/day) x (390 mg/I) x (365 days/year x 3.785 1/gallon x pound/454,000 mg)=1 mgd x 390 mg/1 x .00304=1.86 million pounds of BOD and TSS removed per year. Removal of BOD and TSS Is presented in Table C5 for several different levels of treatment. TABL C5.-Remoral of BOD and TSS by POTW's

Effluent concentration mg/1 of Influent concentration Change In concentraUon mg/I Flow mgd Removal, million pounds BOD BOD plus T5S mg/1 of BOD plus TSS of BOD plus7 plus TSS

90 (lagoon) ...... 440 350 0.01 0.01064 .10 1064 .15 .1596 .25 .2660 .50 .5320 1.00 1.064 50 (activated sludge or contact stabill- zation).-- 440 390 .01 .01128 .10 .1186 .15 .1778 1.25 .2964 1.00 1.186 200 2.371 3.00 3.557 16.00 21.35 24 (activated sludge with additional retention) .440 416 .01 .01265 .10 .1265 .15 .1897 .25 .3162 1.00 1.265 2.00 2.529 3.00 3.794 1M00 22.7

Removal of total phosphorus Is estimated in the same manner as for BOD and TSS and Is pre..nted in Table C6. The removal rates are based on the "Areawide Assessment Procedures Manual." TAsLx C6.-Removal of total ,hosvphorus by POTW's

Effluent Influent concentration Treatment system concentration mg/i of P Chance In concentration Flow mad Removal, million piounds of P mg/1 of P

Activated sludge. . 7 11 4 0.10 0.C01216 .25 .X03G40 .50 X06030 1.00 .01216 20.00 .2432 Activated sludge plus alum- -- - 2 11 9 .10 .002736 .25 .X06340 .50 .01363 1.00 .02736 20.00. .5472

Incremental Cost of Removal. The com- used for sewage treatment by municipal- concentration of 12 mg/I each for BOD and parison of municipal and industrial costs of ities, that both systems have cost curves In TSS through the use of greater retention pollutant removal are being made on an in- one public reference source (so that the dif- time. These systems are from "An Analysis cremental basis'in an attempt to approxi- ference in cost Is due to the differences in of Construction Cost Experience for mate the marginal cost of removal. Graph!- the systems, not in variations in cost estl- Wastewater Treatment Plants." For cities cally this is done by plotting the total cost mating procedures), and that the systems under 10.000 population the Agency makes curve for a POTW of a given flow versus the are not specifically designed to remove pol- an additional effort infinding cost effective quantity of pollutant removed, then meas- lutants other BOD and TSS (so the addi- methods of treating municipal wastes Often uring the slope of the curve for the quantity tional costs can accurately for these smaller cities the permit require- be applied to the ments of 'pollutant removed that corresponds. to removal of BOD and TSS). Using these four are loosened to allow the city to secondary treatment. To approximate this criteria has led to choosing achieve compliance with the permit two different ac- through the use marginal cost a small incremental change Is tivated sludge treatment systems for flows of facultative lagoons. used. The costs are in September 1976 dol. of 1 Thus, to approximate a marginal cost at mgd and greater, and choosing a facul- lower flows the lars to insure comparability to the industri- tative lagoon and a contract incremental cost of pollut- stabilization ant removal Is estimated by going from al costs. package system as the treatment systems a The primary criteria for selecting facultative lagoon achieving a BOD concen- the two providing a basis for an incremental cost of tration of 30 mg/I and a treatment systems on which to base an removal TSS concentration infor flows of 1 mgd and less. The of 60 mg/I to a package treatment system cremental cost are that the two systems pro- first activated sludge system achieves an vide a small achieving a BOD and TSS concentration of difference in removal rates (so average effluent concentration of 25 mg/I 25 mg/l each. These systems are from the it is an approximation of a marginal cost), each for both BOD and TSS. with the "Areawdde Assessment Procedures Manual.- that the two systems are similar to those second system achieving an average effluent A city of 10.000 population corresponds to a

FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL 43, NO. 164-WEDNESDAY, AUGUST.23, 1978 37594 PROPOSED RULES flow of about I million gallons per day, so TASLE C.-Incrementalremoval costs of 'llion dollars. and TSS by POTWs 2 all marginal costs for under 1 mgd present- BOD LMUlon pounds per year. 5 ed in Table C7 are based on facultative la- Tlow, Change In Changein Incremental Dolars per pound. goons and package treatment systems. The mgd cost removal cost a incremental cost of xemoval for flows of .01 0.01 1.72 The results of Table C7 were plotted on a mgd to .10 mgd has been estimated by a .10 O.017 0.0122 1.39 graph and connected by straight linc It linear extrapolation of the cost estin tes .15 .022 .0182 1.21 .25 .027 .0304 .89 was then possible to find the incremental developed for .10 mgd und .15 mgd POTWS. .50 .037 .0808 .61 removal cost of BOD and TSS by a POTW This extrapolation was necessary, since not 1.00 .044 .1220 .36 1.00 .072 .079 .91 of any flow size. For convenience, the Incre- all references used included cost estimates 2.00 .139 .158 .88 for .01 mgd systems. The results are pre- 3.00 .206 .237 .87 mental costs for various flows are presented 18.00 .928 1.42 .65 sented-InTable'C7. in tabular form in Table U8.

TAB3LF C8.-fncrement2lcost of removing BOD and TSS by POTW's [M September 1976 dollars]

Flow. mgd Incremental cost ' Flow, ingd Incremental cost ' Flow, mgd Incremental cost ' Flow, mgd Incremental cost I

1.72 0.06 0.11 1.35 0.16 1.68 .07 .12 1.32 .17 1.64 .08 .13 1.28 .18 1.60 .09 .14 1.25 .19 1.58 .10 .15 1.20 .20 1.01 .26 .31" .81 .36 .32 .80 .37 .98 .27 .38 .94 .28 .33 .79 .78 .39 .92 .29 .34 ,40 .89 .30 .35 .77 .70 .46 .51 .60 .56 .69 .47 .52 .60 .57 .68 .48 .53 .60 .68 .67 .49 .54 .59 .59 .66 .50 .55 .59 .60 .71 .56 .66 .72 .51 .76 .55 .67 .50 .77 .54 .68 .73 -49 .78 .54 .69 .74 .48 .79 .53 .70 .75 .80 t .91 .45 .86 A4O.40 .95 .45 .87 .92 .40 .97 .44 .88 .93 .39 .98 .44 .89 .94 .39 .99 .43 .90 .95 .38 1.00 .90 1.6 2.1 .88 2.8 .67 .90 1.7 2.2 .88 2.7 .87 .90 1.8 2.3 .87 2.8 .87 .90 1.9 2.4 .87 2.9 .87 .89 2.0 2.5 .87 3.0 .87 .87 3.6 4.1 .85 4.6 .84 .86 3.7 4.2 .85 4.7 .84 .86 3.8 4.3 .85 4.8 .84 .86 3.9 4.4 .85 4.9 .84 .86 4.0 4.5 .85 5.0 .84 .84 5.6 6.1 .82 6.6 .82 .84 5.7 6.2 .82 6.7 ,81 .83 5.8 8.3 .82 6.8 .81 .83 5.9 6.4 .82 6.9 .81 .83 6.M 6.5 .82 7.0 .81 .B1 .79 8.6 .70 .81 .79 8.7 .70 .80 .79 8.8 .78 .80 .79 8.9 .78 .80 .79 9.0 .78 18 .68 17 ..7 18 ,65

....°,,..,....

'Dollars per pound.

FEDERAL.REGISTER, VOL 43, NO. 164-WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 23,1978 PROPOSED RULES "37595 To determine the incremental removal pollutant removal for a 2 m.g.d. POTW For all subcategories, controls of BOD5 cost of total phosphorus, data from the could be based on a lagoon that achieves and TS& are reasonable because the model "Areawide Assessment Procedures Manual" secondary requirements and a lagoon that plants exhibit lower costs than POTW's to was used. The activated sludge system exceeds secondary requirements, rather remove a pound of BOD5 and '15. There- achieves an effluent concentration of 7 mg/I than on activated sludge systems. In other fore, all 12 BAT regulations for the dairy total phosphorus, whereas, an activated words, the treatment systems that are the products processing industry are being with- sludge system with the addition of alum basis for the total cost curves affect the drawn and Identical BCT limitations are achieves an effluent concenatration of 2 slope of the total cost curves, and thus must being proposed. mg/l total phosphorus. Using the change in affect the estimate of marginal costs (or in For two subcategories, condensed ulk costs and pollutant removal between these this case the estimated incremental costs). (Subpart I) and condensed whey (Subpart two systems allows the calculation of the In- The analysis has been performed based on K), discharges of barometric condenser cremental costs of removal as presented In treatment systems that are most representa- water for small plants were allowed for Table C9. tive of those actually used for each particu- BPT, while no discharge of barometric con- lar flow, however, comments regarding the denser water was- assumed for BAT. For TasRu C9.-Incremental removal cost of applicability of the systems are solicited. total phosphors by POTWs thee subcategories the Agency does not Along with your comments send any docu- have any cost data for recycle of barometric mentation, data, or calculations that sup- condenser water although the m removal port the comment. low. Change in Change In Incremental of BOD5 and TSS is known. The Agency be- mgd cost I removal - cost 3 APPE-zrr D-Nus-amL CA=oRoaO lieves that If the cost. of recycling or treat- Discussion Sua=n TAnz Or DATa ing barometric condenser water were availa- 0.10 0.008 0.00152 5.26 ble, the cost per pound would not be more .25 .017 .00380 4.47 Following Is a category-by-category discus- than for POTW's of the same flow. There- .50 .029 .00760 3.82 sion of the analysis of each of the guidelines fore the BAT regulations for these subcate- LOD .056 .0152 3.68 under review. gories eare determined to be reasonable. 20.00 .475 .3040 1.56 Following the discussion. Table D1 summarizes the data used in the determination GMN -M113(40 CFR PAZ 406) ' 1 lion dollars per year. of the reasonableness of the guldeline The 27101lion pound per year. Pollutantscontroled. In all subcategores ZDollars per table lists the model plants that were con- pound. sidered for each subcategory for each indus- the only conventional pollutants controlled Limitations of the Estimates. The primary try in this 'review. Column I Indicates the are BODS. TSS. and pH. Wonconventional limitation in the costs and removals estimat- waste water flow of the model plant that and toxic pollutants are not controlled. - ed are that they are just that-estmates. was used for purposes of comparing costs of Methodology. Data for all sizes of model The actual costs and removals actually ex- removal to a POTW of a similar flow. plants used are taken from the development perienced by any specific POTW may differ Column 2 shows the cost per pound of con- documents for the industry. This data in- from the estimates. One of the references ventional pollutant removed, while column cludes plant costs to achieve those levels of used was, however, an empirical study of 3 shows the cost per pound for a POTW of controL The data are based on production. bids submitted to build POTWs. The cost es-- comparable flow. Columns 4 and 5 show waste water flow, waste loading, and waste timates do not include the cost of land or final effluent concentrations of convention- load reduction at the EPT and BAT levels the cost of sewers; however, these have very al pollutants for the industrial disehargers of control and the costs to achieve those little, if any, effect on Incremental costs. and the POTW's, respectively. levels of control. In those instances where POTW costs are not estimated for flows of more than one model plant has been devel- less than .01 mg.d., since data is generally DAIRY PRoDucTs PRocESsWo (40 cra PART 40) oped to represent the subcategory, cost tests not available for flows smaller than this. Pollutants controled. In all subcategories are applied for all model plants. However, there are not a large number of the only conventional pollutants controlled Result& Controls of PH are reasonable be- POTWs smaller than .01 mg.d. are BODS. total suspended solds, and pL Cause BAT guidelines do not require stricter One of the primary concerns with the esti- Nonconventional and toxic pollutants are control than what was required under BpT. mation of the incremental costs has been to not controlled. Consequently, pH for all subcategories is achieve a good approximation of marginal Methodology. Costs and pollutant remov- being proposed equal to the pH control at costs. Two factors that may have a substan- als for model plants in each subcategory BAT. t al effect'on the estimate are the size of the were constructed from information con- Four of the subcategories (normal wheat increment -considered and the "location" of tained in the development document This flour milling, normal rice mling, animal the increment (below secondary treatment, information was based on production, waste feed. and hot cereal) are subject to a BPT stradling secondary treatment, or beyond water flow, waste loading, and waste load re- and BAT regulation of zero discharge and secondary treatment). duction at the BPT and BAT levels, and the therefore do not require any further analy- For flow of under 1 nag.d. the increment costs to achieve those levels. In all of the sts. BCT will call for a zero-discharge limita- ranges from less stringent than secondary subcategories, there are different limitation for these four subcategories. BAT is treatment to about secondary treatment. tions for small and large plants, The limita- being kept in force because the zero-dis- For flows greater than I m.g.d. the incre- tions for the small plants are less stringent charge limitations applies to all pollutants. ment ranges from about secondary treat- than those for the large plants in the subca. not conventional pollutants. ment to beyond required secondary treat- tegory. Each set of model plants was con. Of the six remaining subcategories in this ment. Since neither of these increments ex- structed so as to test the two sets of imita- category, only one (bulgur wheat flour mll- actly stradles secondary treatment, the in- tions in each subcategory. The small plant ing) Is determined to be unreasonable. The cremental costs of pollutant removal will be was assumed to receive one-half the level of cost per pound of BODE and TSS removed affected. The Agency believes that the milk equivalent specified in each subate- exceeds the costs of a POTw of the same slight shifting of the increments away from gory regulation. while the large plant was size while the linal effluent concentrations stradling secondary requirements for the assumed to receive twice the level of milk are slgnificantly lower. The BAT control of over 1 m.g.d. systems does not materially equivalent specified in each subcategory BOD and TSS for this subcategory Is being affect the incremental cost estimates. In ad- regulation. For example, if the size cutoff withdrawn while the ECT control of PH is dition the Agency believes that utilizing specified between the different regulations proposed equal to BAT control of pH. smaller sized increments would have little in a subcategory was 100,000 pounds per day The remaining five subcategories have effect on the incremental cost of removal es- of milk equivalent, It was assumed that the reasonable BAT limitations for conventional timates. Any comments concerning the size small plant received 50,000 pounds per day pollutants. Therefore, the Agency is propos- of the increments used or the 'ocation" of and the large plant received 200.000 pounds ing that the BCT effluent guidelines limita- the increments should be submitted to the per day. Agency with supporting documentation. tions for the remaining five subcategories Resuls Controls of pH were reasonable (corn wet milling, corn dry miling, par- data, and calculations. because BAT guidelines do not require boiled rice processing, ready-to-eat Another related issue regards the types cereal, of stricter control than -what was required and wheat starch aud gluten) be equal to systems on which the incremental costs are under BPT therefore the PH level at BCT based. the existing BAT effluent limitations guide- For example, the incremental cost of is being proposed equal to BPT control lines for conventional pollutants.

FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL 43 NO. 164-WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 23, 1978 37596 PROPOSED RULES

CANNED AND PRESERVED FRUITS AND VEGETABLES However, the evaluation of these subcate- for plants PROCESSING processing less than 2100 tons per (40 CFR PART 407) gories determined that the tomato product day of melt. Comments are invited on this Pollutants controlled In all subcate gories, limitations in canned and preserved fruits, size cutoff. BOD5, TSS, and pH are controlled, In one subcategory and the mushroom product subcategory (canned and miscellaneous spe- limitations in the canned and, preserved CANNED AND PRESERVED SCAFOODs (40 cn PART cialities) oil and grease are also controlled. vegetables " subcategory are reasonable. 40) Toxic and nonconventional pollutants are These products are often processed as the Pollutants controlled. Total suspended only product not controlled In any of the subcategories. in one plant. Therefore, the solids and pH are controlled in all of the Methodology. Data for model plants in all BCT limitations for mushrooms and toma- subcategories being tested. toes are proposed equal to Most of the sub. of the subcategories Is taken from the devel- BAT. categories also have BAT controls In effect opment document and economic analysis for The pH limitation Is being retained at BCT for all subcategories. for BODS, and oil and grease. There are no the industry. This data Includes Information nonconventional or toxic pollutant controls. on production, waste water flow, pollutant SUGAR PROCESSING (40 CFR PART 409) Methodology. For each of the subcategor- load concentration, pollutant load reduction ies being tested, at the BPT, the data for small, large and BAT levels of control, and Pollutants controlled In all subcategories- and, In some cases, medium-size model costs to achieve those levels of control. BOD5, TSS and pH are controlled. In the plants is taken from the development docu. Results. (1) Apple juice, citrus products, beet processing subcategory fecal coliform is frozen potato products, ment for that subcategory. This data in. dehydrated potato also controlled. No non-conventipnal or cludes information on products: The limitation of pH is reasonable toxic pollutants are controlled. production, waste water flow, pollutant concentration, because it is the same at both BPT and Methodology. Data for model plants in pollut- all ant removals at both BPT and BAT levels of BAT. Therefore, the BCT pH limitation Is of the subcategories are taken from the de- being proposed Velopment documents control, and the costs to achieve those levels as equal to BPT. The BAT published pursuant to of guidelines for all four of these the promulgation of BAT guidelines. This control. subcategories Five subcategories for TSS and BOD5 are determined to be data includes information on production, are excluded from the reasonable, although In one waste water flow, pollutant load concentra- analysis because they do not have BAT liml- subcategory tations (citrus products) the small model plant ex- tions, pollutant load reduction at the BPT In effect. Those subcategories are hibits a slightly higher cost than a compara- and BAT levels of control and the costs to Alaskan hand-butchered salmon processing, ble POTW. However, because the costs are achieve those levels of control. Alaskan mechanized salmon processing, so close, and because the large model plant The BAT effluent guideline limitation for Alaskan bottom fish processing, Alaskan costs are clearly reasonable, the BAT guide- the beet sugar processing subcategory re- scallop processing, and Alaskan herring lines are Judged to be reasonable. quires a limitation of zero discharge for fillet processing. (2) Apple products: Two model plants large plants. However, for large plants Fourteen subcategories (A through N) are were tested In this subcategory. For the whose soil filtration rate Is less than 1/16 excluded from the analysis due to the fact large model plant (100 tons per day), the inch per day, and for all small plants, a dis- that there is not enough data to perform costs per pound of conventional pollutant charge was allowed. The zero-discharge liml- the analysis. The regulations for these sub. removed are $0.18 per pound as compared to •tation was tested and found reasonable. It Is categories will be suspended until sufficient $0.90 per pound for a POTW of a similar assumed that for plants which have an al- data is available to perform the reasonable. flow. However, for the small model plant (10 lowable discharge the costs are less, and ness test. tons per day), the POTW cost Is less. It was therefore, reasonable. Results. The limitations for pH are rea- determined that the BAT effluent guideline For the liquid and crystalline cane sugar sonable for all subcategories because they for the large plant is reasonable, while the refining subcategories, the original analysis are equal at the EPT and BAT levels. All of BAT effluent guideline for the small plant assumes a reduced flow to meet BAT. The the subcategories tested were found to have is unreasonable. However, since there are a plant flow, considered in comparison to the reasonable BAT limitations for conventional number of industrial dischargers which POTW of a similar flow, Is the flow after pollutants. In the analysis of subcategories have flows that range between the two sizes the plant has complied with BPT limita- O and AB, fish meal processing and sardine considered, the Agency feels uncertain tions. processing, the results show a split within about the proper size categorization. The Results. Three subcategories are consid- the subcategories. In the sardine proce.lsing Agency Is proposing that, for all plants that ered in this review: Beet sugar processing, subcategory, one type of plant, using a dry have a production of at least 100 tons per crystalline cane sugar refining, and liquid transportation system from the sardine day of raw material processed, the BCT lim- cane sugar refining. The Hilo-Hamakua storage area in the plant to the procezsing itation be equal to the existing BAT limita- Coast of the Island of Hawaii raw cane area, has a stricter BPT limitation than tion. Additionally, the Agency is withdraw- sugar processing subcategory, the Louisiana those plants having a fhne to transport the ing the limitation, for plants processing raw cane sugar processing subcategory, and sardines. The BAT limitations for less the each typo than 100 tons per day of raw material. Com- Puerto Rican raw cane sugar processing of plant are the same. As a result, the increment is invited on the appropriate size cut- subcategory do not have any BAT regula- mental pounds of pollutants tions in effect. The Florida removed from off. and Texas raw BPT levels to BAT levels were much lower (3) Canned and preserved fruits, canned cane sugar processing subcategory and the Hawaiian raw cane sugar processing for those plants with the dry transport and preserved vegetables, canned and mis- subca- system. Those tegory have a BPT effluent limitation of plants with dry transport sys- cellaneous specialties: The BAT limitations tems have a cost of removal which indicates for these subcategories are zero discharge, consequently, no test of rea- on a product-by- sonableness that the conventional pollutant limitations product basis. The model plants that were is required. For the three subcategories tested, con- are unreasonable for that process, The considered in these three subcategories are model plant cost for those plants with flume multi-product plants trols of pH and fecal coliform are reason- which the Agency de- able because the BAT guidelines transport systems indicate that the conven- termined, in its analysis pursuant do not re- to the quire any additional control beyond BPT. tional pollutant regulations are reasonable, promulgation of BAT guidelines, to be the For two of In the fish meal processing subeategory, most common the subcategories, beet sugar types of plants. Therefore, and liquid cane sugar refining, those plants using a solubles plant to proc- the limitations were the BAT con- not evaluated on a trols were found to be reasonable because ess ball and stick water can meet both BPT product-by-product basis. Products pro- the model and BAT limitations through better house- duced by model plants exhibited lower costs than plants are believed to be POTW's with similar flows. Therefore, for keeping measures which involved minimal representative of every product regulated in these subcategories, costs. Those plants without a solubles plant, the the Agency is proposing guidelines, and the Agency believes that that the BCT limitations guidelines be however, are required to make a substantial the model plants exhibit typical costs and equal to the BAT limitations guidelines. investment to attain the BAT level of con- removals experienced by plants in the in- The analysis of the crystalline cane sugar trol through Installation of a solubles plant. dustry. Because some of the model plants refining subcategory showed that the small- However, in both subcategories (fish meal exhibit reasonable costs while other multi- model plant (600 tons per day of melt) has processing and sardine procecsing) product the con- plants exhibit unreasonable costs, It unreasonable costs while the large model ventional levels of TSS at the BAT levels is not clear which product limitations are plant (2100 tons per day of melt) has rea- for both plant types unreasonable are far above those and which product limitations sonable costs. Therefore, the Agency Is pro- levels allowed a comparable POTW. Because are reasonable. Therefore, the Agency is posing ECT limitations equal to BAT for these concentrations 'withdrawing at the BAT level of the BAT regulations for these those plants processing 2100 tons per day of control are still very high, the regulations three subcategories. melt "ormore and withdrawing the controls are reasonable.

FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL 43 NO. 164-WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 23, 1978 PROPOSED RULES 37597

CKKENT MANUFACTURING (40 CFRPART 411) The effluent resulting from storm runoff other smelting operations with wet air-pol- Pollutants controlled. _n all subcategories also must be treated to certain levels of con- luton-control devices; Subpart B, covered the conventional pollutants controlled are centration. These concentration limits are electric furnaces and other smelting oper- total suspended solids and pH. The non- equal at BPT and BAT. Therefore, the BC? ations with wet air-pollution-control devices; leaching and leaching subcategories also limitation Is being proposed equal to BAT. and Subpart C, slag processing. The three have a temperature limitation. The ammonium sulfate production and unreasonable subcategories are: Subpart D. Methodology. The data for the subcate- mixed and blend fertilizer production subca- covered calcium carbide furnaces with wet gory model planit is taken from the develop- tegorles have zero-discharge limitations at air-pollution-control devices; Subpart F, ment document. The data Includes informa- BPT and BAT. This same limitation isbeing electrolytic manganese products; and Sub- tion on production, waste water flow, pollut- proposed for BCT. part G. electrolytic chromium. Subpart Z ant loads and concentrations, pollutant load The urea and aimoninm nitrate subcate- other calcium carbide furnaces, has a BPT reduction *atthe BPT and BAT levels, and gorles have been analyzed before this study and BAT limitation of zero dislarge and is, the costs to achieve those trdatment levels. and the BCT limits have been proposed. therefore, not Included in the analysis. The Results. The leaching subcategory Is the The only conventional pollutant regulated BCT limitation Is being proposed as zero dis- only subcategory which was tested and was at BAT was pH which had the same control charge for this subcategory. found to have unreasonable limitations for as BPT, and is therefore proposed as BCT. In subcategory B, covered electric fur- TSS at the BAT level. The agency Is sus- The nitric acid subcategory has no con- naces and other smelting operations with pending the BAT control of TSS for this ventional pollutant limitations In effect. wet air-pollution-control devices, the initial subcategory, but is retaining the control for Therefore. no BCT limitation Is being pro- results show the conventional pollutant reg- pH, redesignating that control as BCT. posed at this time. ulations to be unreasonable by a smaIl The subcategories non-leaching and mate- amount, assuming all costs are allocated to rials storage piles runoff were not tested be- PHOSPAT ANUMAC-URM (40 cr, P= 422) conventional pollutants. However, further cause both are under a BPT and BAT limi- Pollutants Controlled. Total suspended Investigation shows a significant amount of tation of zero discharge. The Agency is pro- solids, total phosphorous, and pH are the the cost of the BAT limitations to be for the ,posing that the BCT limitation be zero dis- controlled conventional pollutants In this control of toxic Pollutants (chromium. man- charge; the BAT zero-discharge control is point source category. Fluoride, a noncon- ganese. cyanide, and phenols). Allocating also being retained because it controls toxic ventional pollutant, is also controlled. the total cost of control to conventional pol- and nonconventional pollutants. Methodology. Model plant data for the lutants In this case Is not realistic. The sodium phosphates subcategory (the only Agency believes that a reasonable allocation FEEDLOTS (40 cFRTPAaT412) subcategory tested) is taken from the devel- of costs between toxic and conventional pol- Pollutants Controlle. The pollutants opment document. The data included Infor- lutants would Indicate that the resulting BOD5 and fecal coliform are controlled mation on production, waste water flow, po1- cost per pound of conventional pollutant re- under BPT in the ducks subcategory, al- lutant loading, pollutant load reduction at moved would be reasonable. Therefore, the though the BAT limitation is no discharge the BPT and BAT levels, and the costs asso- Agency Is proposing that the BC? limita- of process wastewater. In the other subcate- ciated with achieving those levels of control. tions; for this subcategory be equal to the gory (all subcategories except ducks) the Results The sodium phosphates subcate- BAT limitations for conventional pollut- BPT and BAT limitations were zero dis- gory s found to have reasonable BAT limi- ants. The allocation of costs in subcategor- charge. There are no nonconventional or tations .or conventional pollutants. Al-. les D. F. and 0 Is not possible with any con- toxid pollutant controls. though the Incremental costs to meet BAT fidence. Because of this, the regulations for Methodology. The only subcategory which are not specified, the costs are estimated to conventional pollutants are declared unrea- had a stricter limitation at BPT than at be less than 5 percent of the costs to comply sonable. BAT (ducks) is not amenable to the tests with BPT. Based on this estimate the cost The EPA suspects that suspended solids in that are applied to other subcategories In per pound of TSS removed. If all costs were this Industry may be an indicator of toxic this review. Although a discharge of conven- applied to the removal of TSS, is less than pollutants. Because of this, a review of the tional pollutants was allowed at BPT. the the cost of removal for a comparable suspended-solds limitations may take place recommended technology to meet the zero- POTW. Phosphorus is also controlled. A to determine If there is sufficient data for discharge limit at BAT, Is to Install a con- similar estimate for phosphorus Indicates -control of toxic pollutants, possibly using finement facility with a dry litter floor that Ifall costs were allocated to the remov- solids as an Indicator. cover. Because the means to achieve the al of phosphorus the cost of control would BAT limit of zero discharge Is not the In- be less than a POTW at comparable flow. McrSS VArUACTUaRo (40 cpA r 425) stallation of a treatment technology, but a Therefore the BCT control of TSS. phos- Pollutants Controlled. Total suspended different method of raising ducks, a com- phorus. and pH Is being proposed to be solids and pH are controlled in all subcate- parison to POTW costs and removals is not equated to BAT control gories. Three subcategories have increased applicable. Because all other feedlots were The defluorinated phosphate rock and de- controls for oil, while one subcategory has required to achieve a zero-discharge limit at fluorinated phosphoric acid subcategories increased controls of phosphorus. Addition- BPT, the Agency has determined that this have BAT limltations which are, equal to ally, Three subcategories control other pol- regulation Is reasonable. their BPT limitations. The Agency is pro. lutants such as fluoride and lead. Results. Subcategory A (all subcategories posing that the BCT limitations be equal to Methodology. Data for a model plant for except ducks) is excluded from the analysis the BAT limitations for conventional pollut- each subcategory tested is from the indus- -because it is under- a BPT and BAT limita- ants. No other subcategories have regula- try development documents. This data In- tion of zero of process wastewater. This lim- tions which are f(effect. eludes Information on production, waste itation will also be used as the BCT regula- water ow, pollutant concentrations, treat- tion. FERUOALLOY ANUFAnTUniaO (40 CYR PART ment costs to achieve the BPT and BAT The ducks subcategory was the only sub- 424) limitations as wen as the pollutant load re- category tested. It is found to have reason- Pollutants Controlled. In all subcategories ductions for each level of control able BAT limitations for process wastewater tested, the controlled conventional pollut- Result.. The BPT limitation for insulation discharge. Therefore the Agency is propos- ants are total suspended solids and pH. fiberglass Is zero discharge. However, a dis- ing that the BCT limitation be equal to the Toxic pollutants, including chromium, man- charge is allowed for air-pollution-control existing BAT limitation. The other subcate- ganese, cyanide, and phenols, are also con- devices where there are limitations for con- gory, in this industry (all feedlots except trolled, in most subcategories. ventional pollutants and phenol (a toxic pol- ducks) already has a zero-discharge limita- Methodology. The data for a model plant lutant) In effect. The BAT limitation Is zero tion for BPT. for each subcategory Is from the develop- discharge. Because toxics are controlled and Both subcategories have limits on over- ment documents. All data on model plant the limitation Is zero discharge, BCT is flow during rainfall events. The Agency be- production, waste water flow, pollutant being proposed equal to BAT. lieves that Congress did not intend overflow loading, and pollutant control levels Is taken The sheet glass and rolled glass subcate- limitations to be considered as part of this from those development documents. gories are not analyzed because the BPT review and therefore reasonableness tests Results. Of the six subcategories analyzed limitation is zero discharge. BC? is being are not applied. as to the reasonableness of their respective proposed as zero discharge for these subca- conventional pollutant BAT limitations, tegores. FEaTIE11 MANUFACTURING (40 c, PART 418) three are reasonable and three unreason- The plate glass subcategory Is the only The phosphate subcategory has zero-dis- able. The three reasonable subcategories subcategory of those tested to be found rea- charge limitations at both BPT and BAT. are: Subpart A. open electric furnaces and sonable. The Agency Is proposing that the

FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL 43-NO. 164-WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 23, 1978 37598 PROPOSED RULES

BCT control of conventional pollutants be be determined in the work performed pursu- equal to the BAT control of conventional ant to the remand of the ammonia limita- pollutants. tion. At the time of proposal of new ammo- All other subcategories (float glass manu- nia limitations, the findings on the reason- facturing, automotive glass tempering, auto- ableness of the conventional pollutant limi- motive glass laminating, glass container tations will be presented. manufacturing, television picture tube enve- Results. In the six subcategories tested, all lope manufacturing, incandescent lamp en- *were found to have reasonable conventional velope manufacturing, and hand-pressed pollutant limitations at the BAT level of and blown glass manufacturing) were found control. 'In subcategories E through J, to be unreasonable, and it is being proposed which are examined as to reasonableness, that the BAT control of conventional pol- the costs of BAT controls are totally attrib- lutants be withdrawn. In the hand-pressed utable to the removal of ammonia, a non- and blown glass subcategory no cost infor- conventional pollutant. Since the removal mation was available for the analysis. How- of ammonia requires that BOD5 and TSS ever, the technology and pollutant loads are also be reduced, there Is no cost attributable similar to the rest of the unreasonable sub- to the removal of conventional pollutants. categories. On that basis, it is assumed that Therefore, the cost of conventional pollut- costs would be similar, and unreasonable. ant removal Is zero and the limitations are reasonable. The Agency Is proposing that MEAT PRODUCTS (40 CFR PART 432) the BCT limitations for subcategories E Pollutants Controlled. In all subcategories through J be equal to the BAT limitations. Five additional subcategories have no reg- tested the conventional pollutants con- ulations in effect and have been excluded trolled are TSS, BOD5, oil and grease, and from the analysis. They are the chicken, pH. Ammonia, a non-conventional pollutant, turkey, fowl, duck, and further processing is also controlled in all subcategories. How- ever, the ammonia limitation has been re- subcategories. manded in the simple slaughterhouse, com- OTHER INDUSTRIES plex slaughterhouse, low processing pack- There are industrial categories and subca- inghouse, and high processing packinghouse tegories, other than those listed previously, subcategories. that are not tested for reasonableness. Methodology. The data for model plants These categories were excluded from the for each subcategory is from the develop- analysis because they do not have any regu- ment documents for the regulations. The lations in effect, or have only BPT regula- data includes information on production, tions in effect. waste water flow, pollutant concentrations, The industrial categories which have no pollutant reductions at the BCT and BAT regulations in effect are: Water Supply; Mis- levels of control, and the costs to achieve cellaneous Foods and Beverages; Transpor- those levels of control for each model plant. tation; Fish Hatcheries and Farms; Steam To properly determine the reasonableness Supply; Clay, Gypsum, Refractory, and Ce- of these regulations, the entire list of BAT ramic Production; Concrete Products; and limitations, and the necessary technologies Shore Receptors and Bulk Terminals. and costs associated with them, must be Three additional industrial categories taken into account as a whole. For Subparts have in effect only the BPT limitations. A through D, part of the regulation (the These are Offshore Oil and Gas Extraction, limitations for ammonia) has been remand- Hospitals, and Mineral Mining and Process- ed to the agency for further study pursuant ing. The Mineral Mining and Processing cat- to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 7th Cir- egory also has some subcategories which cuit decision in "American Meat Institute v. have no limitations in effect. EPA" (526 F. 2d 422). In these subcategories The Asbestos industrial category has a the Agency cannot properly determine the BAT limitation of zero discharge in seven reasonableness of the regulations. There- subcategories. These subcategories are not fore, the Agency is proposing to suspend the analyzed because the zero discharge limit is conventional pollutant limitations at BAT. for the control of toxic pollutants and is not The reasonableness of these regulations will subject to review.

FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL 43 NO. 164-WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 23, 1978 PROPOSED RULES 37599 TABLE 1)1 SUINMARfY OF DATA

COLUMN 3 .4

BAT Iodel Plant P011 Model Concentration Concentration Plant Model Cotipardble (mg/1) (ing/l) 11DUSTRY Fl ow Plant PO1.1 Subcatetorv (11GD) SILb. S/Lb. BOD TSS 09G P COD BOD TSS 006 P COD

DAI RY 1. Receiving Stations s .01 .58 1.72 1 .04 1.55 1.60

2. Fluid Prod. s .07 .12 1.51 12 1 .30 .76 .82 8

3. Cultured Prod. s .02 .29 1.68 12 1 .07 .99 1.51 8

4. Butter s .01 .26 1.72 13 1 .04 .59 1.60 8

5. Cottage, Cream s .01 .35 1.72 13 Qtcese 1 .06 1.06 1.54 8

6. atural, Proc. s .01' .61 1.72 13 16 Cheese 1 .02 1.21 1.68 8 10

7. Fluid Mix for S .01 .38 1.72 15 19 Ice Creaw 1 .05 .98 1.58 10 12 8. Ice Cream, s .03 .31 1.64 13 17 Frozen-Desserts 1 .11 .92 1.35 9 11

9. Condensed s .03 .35 1.64 13 16 Milk 1 .11 1.09 1.35 8 10 10. Dry Milk s .02 1.63 1.68 13 16 1 .08 1.05 1.47 8 10

11. Condensed s .01 .76 1.72 14 17 Whey 1 .04 1.38 1.60 9 11

12. Dry IPhey S .01 .39 1.72 1 .05 .80 1.58 GRAIN MILLS s 1.5 .13 .89 13. Corn Wet n 3.0 .10 .87 Milling 1' 4.5 .09 .85

s .07 .85 1.51 14. Corn Dry 1 .13 .56 1.28 Milling

FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL 43, NO. 164-WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 23, 1978 37600 PROPOSED RULES COLUMN 3

BAT Model Plant POTW Model Concentration Concentration Plant Model Comparable (mg/i) (10/1) INDUSTRY Flow Plant POTW S/Lb. Subcategory (MGD) $/Lb. BOD TSS O&G P COD BOD TSS OG P COD (MGD I $/Lb. 15. Bulgar Wheat .015 22.00 1.68 20 14 30 60 Rice 16. Parboiled 1.02 1.28 52 21 Rice .140 1.25 17. Ready-to-Eat .350 .77 .440 .67

18. Uheat Starch .12D 1.32 50 40 and Gluten

CANNED AND PRESERVED FRUITS & VEGETABLES

19. Apple Juice s .07 1.16 1.51 35 35 1 .35 .62 .77 35 35

20. Apple Products s .13 1.79/3.74 1.28 19 19 30 6(1 1 1.29 .35 .90 19 19 21. Citrus Products s .7 7 10 1 9.7 7 10

2?. Frozen Potato s 1.08 15 49 1 2.71 15 49

23. Pehydrated Potato s .42 20 63 1 1.26 20 63 24. Canned & Pres. rruits*

25. Canned A Pres. Vegetables*

Pushrooms s .037 1.59 1.60 1 .074 1.08 1.51

Sauerk raut s .014 6.18 1.72 36 73 30 60 1 .022 4.38 1.68 36 73 30 60

Toma toes s .147 .91 1.20 35 35 1 .882 .40 .42 35 73 *14odel plants for subcategories 24 and 25 are multi-product plants which cover regulations from both of these subcategories.

FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL 43, NO. 164-WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 23, 1978 37601 PROPOSED RULES

COLUMN 3 BAT IOdel Plant POT Concentration Concentration Model (mg/1) Plant Model Comparable (mg/1) INDUSTRY Flow Plant POTW VKI h_ Vt/ h. BOD TSS P COD OD TSS O&G P COD C . .H annrw, ( manlI k/Lb. 0&G t/I b Corn, Peas xs .024 2.32 1.68 s .095 1.44 1.41 im .294 * 1.15 .83 1 .952 0.51 .38

Corn, Peas, s .084 .98 1.47 40 .212 1.19 1.01 40 30 60 Green Beans, ni 30 60 Carrots 1 .424 .90 .69 40

Frozen Corn, xs .092 .94 1.43 35 Peas, Green s .165 1.65 1.14 35 Beans, m .229 1.44 .94 35 Carrots 1 .459 1.10 .65 35

Brocolli, s .252 1.93 .89 14 Spinach, m .787 1.14 .46 14 30 60 Lima Bean, 1 1.259 .90 .90 31 Cauliflower

Tomato, Df-y xs .062 .75 1.54 32 Bean s .177 1.21 1.12 31 30 30 n .619 .69 .55 31 1 1.106 .52 .90 31

30 Cherry, Green s .021 2.21 1.68 30 Bean, Pear, n .066 .90 1.51 Plum. 1 .120 2.07 1.32 30

Cherry, s .012 6.30 1.72 30 60 Caneberry, 1 .029 1.40 1.64 Strawberry

26. Canned & Misc. Specialities

Potato Chips xs .p39 2.67 1.60 30 60- s .123 1.32 1.32 mi .200 1.38 1.04 30 60 1 .463 .86 .65 30 60

FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL 43, NO. 164-WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 23, 1978 37602 PROPOSED RULES

COLUVN 2 3 4 5 BAT Model Plant POTW Model Concentration Concentration Plant Model Comparable (mg/i) (mg/1) INDUSTRY Flow Pl ant POTW Subcategory (MGD) $/Lb. $/Lb. BOD TSS O&G P COD BOD TSS O&G P COD CANNED AND PRESERIVED SEAFOODS

27. Farm Raised Catfish 28. Conv. Blue Crab 29. Mech. Blue Crab 30. Mlon-Remote Alaskan Crab 31. Remote Alaskan Crab DATA NOT AVAILABLE, REGULATIONS BEI'G SUSPENDED 32. Non-Remote Alaskan Whole Crab 33. ,Remote Alaskan 1:hole Crab 34. Dungesness and Tanner Crab 35. Non-Remote Ala. Shrimp 36. Remote Ala. Shrimp 37. Northern Shrimp 3,. Southern flon- Breaded Shrimp 39. Breaded Shrimp

401. Tuna

41. Fish Meal w./out .13 1.17 1.28 1240 489 248 solubles plant

42. (,st Coast Butchered .009 1.58 1.72 333 39 5 Salmon .03 .70 1.64 333 39. 5 43. West Coast tfechanizpd s .168 .13 1.51 859 134 Solmon 1 .179 .09 1.12 859 134

44. Non-Alaskan .014 .34 1.72 122 126 7 Conv. Bottom .032 .24 1.64 122 126 7 Fish .06 .15 1.54 122 126 7 45. Nlon-Alaskan Vech. Bottom s .024 .27 1.68 415 130 43 Fish 1 .087 .08 1.43 415 130 43

FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL 43, NO. 164-WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 23, 1978 PROPOSED RULES 37603 COLIJ1, 2 3 4 5 BAT Model Plant POW Model Concentration Concentration Plant Model Comparable (mg/l) (mg/l) INDUSTRY Flow Plant POTW * (MCGD) S/Lb. Subcategory $/Lb. BOD TSS OG P COlD. BOD TSS O&G P COD

46. Hand-Shucked No costs (exce pt housekeeping) associated with meeting BAT Clam S .13 .01 1.28 47. Mech. Clam 836 646 14 1 .43 .01 .68 836 646 14 48. Pacific Hand- Shucked Oyster No costs (exce pt housekeeping) associated with meeting BAT 49. Atlantic & Gulf lland-Shucked No costs (exce pt housekeeping) associated with neeting BAT Oyster 50. Steamed & Canned Oyster .11 .03 1.35 272 624 8 51. Sardine 7 Dry Process .029 .84 1.64 1380 75 30 60 .077 4.79 1.47 1380 75 30 60 .116 3.96 1.32 1380 75 3060 Wet Process .029 .83 1,64 1380 75 .077 .51 1.47 1380 75 .116 .42 1.32 1380 75 52. Non-Alaskan Scallop No costs (excel)t housekeeping) associated with reeting BAT 53. Non-Alaskan lerrinQ Fillet .37 .04 .73 709 206 83

54. Abalone Proc. No ,costs (except housekeeping) associated with ireeting BAT SUGAR PROCESSING

55. Beet Sugar 9.4 .03 .77 0 0 s 5.1 .91 56. Crystalline .84 51- 15 Cane Sugar 1 17.9 .58 .65 40 15

57. Liquid Cane Sugar 2.3 .64 .87 75 15 CENENT mANUFACTURING

58. Leaching .13 4.49 1.28 Essentially Zero Discharge FEEDLOTS

59. Ducks (Not Amenable to Analysis)

FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL 43, NO. 164-WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 23,1978 37604 PROPOSED RULES COLUVN 3

BAT Model Plant POTW Model Concentration Concentration Plant Model Comparable (mg/l) (mg/1) INDUSTRY Flow Plant POTW Subcatenorv (MGD) S/Lb. $/Lb. BOD TSS O&G P COD BOD TSS O&G P COD FERROALLnYS

60. Open ElPctric Furnaces Wet .123 1.32 61. Covered Electric & Smelting .365 30 60 Wet 62. Slag Proc. .250 .02 63. Covered Calcium Car!)ide Wet 1.1 1.58 64. Elect. Manganese .65 1.45 65. Elect. Chromium 1.0 1.98

GLASS P.ANUFACTUR I t'G

66. Ins. Fiberalass PAT Technology applies to wastewater of wet scrubbers only, costs and removals not available 67. Plate 7.3 .33 .80 68. Float .05 14.42 1.58 30 69. Auto Tempering .18 2.88 1.12 30 70. Auto. Laminating .14 5.58 1.25 1 30 71. Container .35- 3.80 .77 7?. Tuhinq .20 2.76 1.04 73. TV Picture Tube .82 8.56 .45 74. Incandescent .180 26.29 1.08 Lamp Envelope 75. "and Pressed 9 Costs Unknown Rlown

ASBESTOS

76. Cement Pipe 77. Cement Sheet 78. Paper (Starch Binder) 79. Paper (Elastompric Not part of BCT review because conventional Binder) pollutants are toxic indicators P0. Poofing

81. Floor Tile

82. Wet Dust Col.

FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL 43, NO. 164-WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 23, 1978 PROPOSED RULES 37605 LOLI 1ial 3

BAT Flodel Plant PfT',-' Model Concentration Concentration Plant f)del Comparabl e (fig/,) (z'i,/) I II)USTI.Y I o.' Plant PONI Subcateqory (i m;) '/Lh. S/Lb. lOD TSS 034; P COD BOD TSS 041, P CO1 iFAT PHOI( 1 P1CTS

) Simp SI au-jhterhouse C4. Comp] ex S] auliterhouse Regul ations rmiancled by courts "b. Lo. Proc.. Paclinghouse 86. lilih Proc. Packinghouse '7. Sm,,all Pruc. No costs associated with tmetinl PAT (8. Heat Cutter Costs not available 3n 4fl 89. Sausage ant .092 0 1.31) 29 40 30 60 Luncheon 90. 11am Proc. 1.35 91. Canned 1e1ats .92 92. flenderers 1.47

PIIOSPIIATES

93. Sodixrt Phosphates linimal costs associated with w,'eting BAT.

= Extra S;all Size Mlodel Plants = Small Size lodPI Plants = V:diu,.t Size ;1bdel Plants = Large Size flodel Plants

FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL 43, NO. ]64-WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 23, 1978 37606 PROPOSED RULES

APPENDIx E Isting investment less total depreciation.) ity of data required to perform this analysis The Agency considered other alternatives This criterion, in a general way, measures is not available or, in many cases, does not for determining reasonableness of BAT ef- the likelihood that the pollution-control exist. Also, this test of reasonableness Is a fluent limitation guidelines. The following equipment can be financed. In this respect complex economic definition, and thus diffi- is a discussion of these alternatives: then, it Is another measure of the "econom- cult to explain and apply. Additionally, Ic achievability" of the regulation. This was there is no benchmark of reasonableness. AVERAGE ANNUAL POLLUTION CONTROL COST PER already considered in the Initial develop- Although other criteria exhibited this same POUND OF POLLUTANT RErovED ($/LB.) ment and promulgation of the BAT regula- characteristic, It can be solved by compari- This alternative is Identical to the one tion. For this reason, this alternative was re- sons to POTW's. In addition, for this criterion, POTW's do not have an analagous that was chosen except that an average cost jected. to meet BAT is used. Instead of determinlnk return on investment. Lastly, economic im- PLANT CLOSURES pacts were already considered in the devel. the cost of removal of the increment from BPT to BAT, the average cost of treatment Plant closures are not considered to be a opment of BAT guidelines. reliable measure of all financial impacts of from raw waste load to BAT is determined. ESTIMATED PRICE INCREASE NEEDED TO RECOVE1 The effect of this alternative is that in pollution control. Plants stay open until ANNUAL POLLUTION IMVESTIMIT COSTS almost all cases the average cost would be profitability is low enough to force closures. less than the incremental coft because the It is not a continuous function. Therefore a This alternative was examined, but ulti. cost of removing the last "expensive" plant's financial condition can be seriously mately rejected. Price increases were consid- pounds would be averaged with the cost of affected and It will still remain open until ered in the development of BAT guidelines, removing the first "cheap" pounds. In all the threshold is reached. they are a measure of consumer Impact, not other respects this approach is no different Additionally, plants may remain open for firm Impact, and in many cases the stated from the approach proposed. Therefore, other financial reasons. The plant may be a price increases were trivial or zero. part of a larger firm which projects long- more subcategories would be determined POTw COMPARISOnS reasonable. term profits. The plant may be a family This alternative was rejected because the business and also have the ability to absorb One of the criteria for determining rea legislative history indicates the act's intent losses in the short term. The opportunity sonableness specifically suggested by Con. was not to review the reasonableness of costs for using the fixed assets may be low gress was the comparison of costs of pollut. BPT controls. 'The concept of reasonable- and the plant may be better off remaining ant removal by industry with costs of pol- ness is limited to the incremental costs and open. lutant removal by municipal treatment sy;- reduction to achieve BAT. This is reinforced Additionally, this criterion was considered tems. The underlying premise for an ap- by the legislative history which specifies in the promulgation of BAT guidelines, and proach of this type is that municipal treat. that under no circumstances should BCT be the number of estimated closures was mini- ment systems being built with public funds less stringent than BPT. mized. Many times, less costly regulations remove conventional pollutants at a reason. were promulgated due to the number of es- able cost. If an industry removes pollutants INCREMENTAL ANNUAL POLLUTION COST PER timated plant closures projected as a result at a similar or lower cost, then the pollutant VOLUME UNIT OF DISCHARGE ($/1,000 GAL- of the use of a higher-cost technology. For removal required of industry will also be LONS DISCHARGED) these reasons, this alternative was rejected reasonable. The concept is straightforward This criterion was considered because It as a factor in determination reasonableness. enough, but the manner In which the Indus. avoids the pollution cost allocation problem trial and municipal costs are developed and AFTER TAx RETURN ON nivwsTaszNr (ROI); compared can vary significantly, depending as discussed in the preamble. Because it CiANGE IN ROl; PERCENT CHANGE IN ROX measures volume rather than wasteload, it on the approach used. is independent of the number of types of Return on investment is the plant's profit One of the major factors affecting a com- wastes present in the discharge. (or net income) on each dollar of invest- parison of industrial treatment costs with Although pollution investment costs are ment. Investment in water pollution-control those of a POTW is the type of cost that Is driven by discharge volume and this crite- equipment generally reduces the firm's ROI compared. The most fundamentEl cost that rion links these two variables, the important because there is no monetary "return" to might be compared is the average cost of re- measure of pollution reduction is not the the firm on this investment, although soci- moving pollutants. This cost Is relatively volume of discharge treated but the amount ety as a whole receives a return which Is simple to estimate by dividing the total (i.e. pounds) of waste abated. Clearly, incre- manifested by clean water. ROI is reduced annual cost of pollutant removal by the mental annual cost per volume unit of water first by imposition of BPT, and again by the mass of pdllutants removed. Although there treated does not provide this measure. For additional imposition of- BAT controls. is good data for these types of calculations this reason, this criterion was rejected. Therefore, ROI measures the change in the and comparisons, there is little economic plant's profitability and is an indicator of theory supporting decisions based on this rIEASURE OF THE PLANT POLLUTANT INCRE- the plant's financial ability to comply with type of comparison. Using average costs pollution-control regulations. Unlike the tends to cause more regulations to remain MENTAL REDUCTION EFFICIENCY (PERCENT) closure criterion, it is a continuous function reasonable as compared to the incremental Pollutant reduction efficiency is a meas- of financial impact. A unit change in ROI approach discussed below. Economic theory ure of the amount of pollutant removed indicates a definite change in the financial does, however, support the use of comparing from the waste. The increment in this crite- position of the firm. marginal costs. Society, if in equilibrium, rion BPT Most economic-impact criteria-are in some will have best allocated its resources to is from to BAT. This criterion is a manner reflections of changes in ROI. For obtain some level of pollution control where relative measure of pollution reduction and example, only if ROI is severely impacted the marginal cost of removing a specified It is not dependent on firm size. will plants be forced to close. pollutant is the same wherever It is being re- However, this criterion has one major Although absolute changes in ROI indi- moved. Based on our premise that the cost drawback: It does not measure the actual cate that the plant is being impacted, they of pollutant removal by ,POTW's Is reason- amount of pollutant reduction and, there- do not measure the size of the impact on able, the marginal cost of removal Is also fore, can lead to wrong conclusions. While the plant. Two plants may experience a 5- reasonable. Thus, it is the marginal cost of the increment in percentage pollution re- percent decrease in ROI, but one plant may removal in both the industrial treatment moval may be very large to meet BAT regu- have initial ROI of 20 percent while the systems and the POTW's that should be lations for a plant, the actual amount of second may have an initial ROI of 10 per- compared. Obtaining accurate estimates of pollution removal may be small. The cent. The first firm suffers relatively less marginal costs can be difficult and are usu- amount of reduction depends on the change in profitability than the second. ally approximated by the use of increments. amount of waste in the discharge. Because In addition, looking only at ROI does not This Is, in fact, what has been done in this this criterion does not measure the absolute reflect the tradeoff between pollution re- review. The expected incremental cost of re- amount of pollution, it was rejected as a cri- duction and economic impacts. Only if pol- moval by industry are compared to the in- terion for reasonableness. lution-reduction. measures (e.g. changes in cremental cost of removal by POTW's. concentration) are simultaneously consid- Another important factor affecting a com- POLLUTION CONTROL INVESTMENT TO BOOK parison of industrial and POTW pollutant- VALUE RATIO ($/$) ered will the economic impact (change in ROI) be compared to the benefits (changes removal costs is the type of POTWV on This criterion is formed from the ratio of in concentration) derived. which the costs are based. The incremental pollutant investment costs to book value of This alternative was considered, but was costs of pollutant removal generally de- the plant. (Book value is the cost of all ex- rejected for a number of reasons. The qual- crease as the size of the POTW increasVe

FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL 43 NO. 164--WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 23, 1978 PROPOSED RULES 37607

due to economics of scale, so that the selec- ants covered by model plants that were tion of the size is very critical In developing originally developed to evaluate the eco- a criterion by which to judge reasonable- nomic effects of the BAT regulations. ness. One approach would be to estimate In- cremental costs of removal based on a APprmxx F-EPA RwoA. Am POTW treating the mean flow of all HrnQuAaxzns Lru3ARzs POTW's. This approach yields an average Region marginal cost I of pollutant removal from all Library, Room 211-B. JFK Federal Build- sewage. Our original premise that POTW's ing, Boston. Mass. 02203. generally remove pollutants at a reasonable Region HI cost would indicate, however, that many Library. 26 Federal Plaza, New York. N.Y. smaller POTW's are removing pollutants at reasonable, 10007. though higher, costs. Thu, a Region MII POTW of average flow does not provide a Library. criterion Curtis Building, 6th and Walnut for judging reasonableness. The Streets, Philadelphia, Pa. 19108. same argument holds for POTW's of Region IV median flow size. The alternative that has been chosen Library. 345 Courtland Street NE. Atlan- is to develop the POTW Incre- ta, Ga. 30308. mental cost based on a POTW of the same Region V flow as the Industrial flow. This Insures a Library. degree 230 Dearborn Street. Room 1417, - of comparability In the Incremental Chicago. Ill. 60604. costs. Region VI The third major factor in developing a Library. 1201 Elm Street, First Interna- POTW cost comparison to test for reason- tional ableness Building, Dallas, Tex. 75270. is the degree of aggregation for Region which industrial incremental VII costs are de- Library. 1735 Baltimore Avenue, Room veloped. One extreme would be to estimate 249, Kansas City, Mo. 64108. the incremental cost of pollutant removal Region VIII for each plant covered by each regulation Library. 8M-ASL. 1860 Lincoln Street, and compare that cost to the cost of pollut- Colo. ant Denver, 80295. removal at POTW's. The other end of Region the spectrum is to determine IX one increment- Library. 215 Fremont Street, San al cost for all industries covered by this sec- Francis- ondary co, Calif. 94105. industry review and compare that Region cost to the cost of pollutant removal X by Library, 1200 Sixth Avenue, Seattle. POTW's review. The problem with both of Wash. 9810L these levels of aggregation Is that the costs Headquarters would not correspond Library, Room 2404 PM- to any specific regula- 213, 401 M Street SW.. Washington D.C. tions under review. The level of aggregation 20460. that the Agency has chosen Is to consider the incremental cost for the group of pollut- (FR Doe. 78-23254 Filed 8-22-78; 8:45 am]

FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL 43 NO. 164-WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 23, 1978