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Hasan'in Hasankeyf'te Keyfi Şimdilik Keka

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Hasan'in Hasankeyf'te Keyfi Şimdilik Keka KENTLEÞME DÝYARBAKIR TMH HASAN’IN HASANKEYF’TE Eyyubiler, Sasaniler ve bilinmeyen sayýsýz uygarlýklarýn kültür kalýtý (mirasý) evrensel deðerler, seçeneði var olan KEYFÝ ÞÝMDÝLÝK KEKA enerji yatýrýmý adýna yok edilecek. Görkemli Hasankeyf’teyiz. Hasankeyf; hüznün insaný Þevket ÇORBACIOÐLU(*) kahreden bakýþýyla karþýlýyor sizi... Öncelikle çocuklar. “Ortadoðu’da Su: Savaþ mý Barýþ mý?” noktasýna “Hasankeyf’in tarihini anlatayým mý size?!..” diye geldiðimiz süreçte, Dicle üzerinde inþaasý düþünülen koþuþturan çocuklar hemen “... Sasaniler, Eyyubiler, “ILISU Barajý Projesini” tartýþmak gerçekten zor. Bu Artuklular vs lerin yaþamýþ olduðu Hasankeyf’te...” nedenle ne getireceði ile birlikte aðýrlýklý olarak ne diye ezberledikleri tarihi bilgileri anýnda mitralyöz gibi götüreceðini tartýþmaya açmamýz gerektiðini üzerinize boþaltýyorlar... Çocuklarýn acelesi var... Biliyorlar düþünüyorum. Ulusal deðerdeki projeleri yaþama ki Hasankeyf gidici... Muhteþem bir yerleþim alaný. Su, geçirirken yerel, ulusal ve evrensel deðerleri dikkate suyun yarattýðý bereketli Dicle havzasý ve Güvenlik almak zorundasýnýz. Onun için bölgenin tarihi, doðal ve Hasankeyf kanyonu... Hasankeyf’e herkes keyfine göre sosyal dokusu, proje fizibil çalýþmalarýnýn temel kriterleri ad vermiþ: Bir kýsým yöre insaný; Kürtçe Husn: (güzellik), olarak düþünülmelidir. “GAP”ýn bir alt projesi olan “ILISU kefa: (Kaya) sözcüklerinin bileþimin de; Güzel kayalar Baraj (HES) Projesinde” bu kriterlerin istenen düzeyde anlamýna gelen “Hüsn-ül Kefa olduðunu savlamakta: öne çýkarýlmadýðýný gözlemliyoruz... Süryani kaynaklarýnda “Hesna Kepha” biçiminde geçen Üç deniz görmemiþ (Kürt), Bir deniz görmüþ (Laz) adýnýn Süryanice “Kaya” anlamýna gelen “Kifo” dan 4 kiþi Diyarbakýr’dan Yukarý Mezopotamya Ovasýný kat geldiði belirtilmekte. Bir baþka kaynaða göre de; Suriye ederek Hasankeyf’e doðru yol alýyoruz. Bu bölgedeki dilinde kaya anlamýna gelen “Kaysa” ve “kale anlamýna yýllar öncesinin doðal ambiyansý tümden meþe gelen “Hýsn” sözcüklerinden esintilenilerek “Hýsn-Kayfa” ormanlarýndan oluþuyormuþ. Ayakta kalanlarda 1980 dendiðini, doðrusu Abbasilerin, Hamdanilerin ve sonrasý kaosunda saklanma alaný endiþesiyle yakýlmýþ, Mervanilerin yönetimine giren yerleþim alanýna yok edilmiþ. Özellikle Lice - Kulp - Dicle ambiyansýnda Arapça’da “Kayahisar” ya da “Kayakale” anlamýna gelen ormancýlýk ve yaylacýlýk yasaklamalarý nedeniyle Kulp’un “Hýsn Kayfa” denmiþ ve sonralarý “Hýsn Keyfa” ya ünlü ceviz ormanlarý bile tamamen yok edilmiþ. dönüþmüþ. Osmanlýlar zamanýnda da (1517) Hasankeyf denmeye baþlanmýþ. Yörede Süryanice, Arapça, Türkçe Bismil Ovasýnda ilerliyoruz. Tarým için iþlenmeye hazýr, ve Kürtçe konuþulduðuna göre böylesi zengin etnisiteli, bir doða kumaþý adeta. Yörede 1985 sonrasý tütün ve Dini ve kültür farklýlýðýnda Hasankeyf’de keyfi adlandýrma pamuk ekimi hýzlanmýþ. Yöre insaný bu tarým kültürünü olaðan karþýlanmalýdýr... Daha çok Güneyden gelen Kahramanmaraþlýlarýn yaygýnlaþtýrdýðýný söylüyor. Bismil, Artuklu Uygarlýðýnýn etkisinde kalmýþ. Çünkü bölge de dað köyleri ve mezralardan en çok göç alan ilçe. Artukoðullarýnýn Baþkenti imiþ Hasankeyf. Artuklularýn Ýnsanlar pamuk ve tütün tarlalarýnda çalýþýyorlar. Sýcak aþ yürüttükleri Bayýndýrlýk çalýþmalarýyla; deðerli ve ev bulmuþlar. Memnunlar yaþamlarýndan. Tasarlanan mühendislik / mimarlýk yapýtlarý, ve Dünya’nýn ilk köye dönüþ projesine, mezra ve dað köylülerin pek sýcak Darphanesine sahip olmuþ Hasankeyf... 130 yýllýk Artuklu bakmayacaðý savlanýyor. Ýki keçi bir inek için; Bismil’deki Egemenliði (1102-1232) sona erdikten sonra eski böylesi düzenli tarým alanlarýný terk edip mezrasýna canlýlýðýný ve zenginliðini koruyamamýþ. Özellikle 1260’da dönmeyi pek isteyeceklerini ben de düþünemiyorum. Ýlhanlýlar tarafýndan yaðmalanýp tahrip edildikten sonra, Batman Ovasý da; Bismil Ovasý gibi Yukarý Akkoyunlular zamanýnda biraz canlanýr olmuþsa da Mezopotamya doðasallýðýnýn zengin bir uzantýsý... günümüze bir köy olarak gelebilmiþ, ta ki nehrin karþý Hasankeyf’e giden yolun batýsý zengin petrol yataðý tarafýndaki Raman Daðlarýnda petrol buluncaya dek. Raman, doðusu Garzan daðlarýyla çevrili. Adeta enerji Hasankeyf’te günümüze dek ayakta kalabilmiþ, yalnýz koridoru. 1996 TUBÝTAK verilerine göre 2050’ye dek ortaçað Ýslam yönetimi yapýtlarýdýr. Fransýz Arkeolog ve ülke gereksinimini karþýlayacak bir rezerve sahip olduðu mimarlýk tarihçisi Albert Gabriel Hasankeyf’teki tarihsel söyleniyor. Vadi tabanýna ve tepeciklere serpiþtirilmiþ yapý kalýntýlarýnýn ayrýntýlý bilgilerini ilk hazýrlayan kiþidir petrol arama kuyularý, uzaktan; sürüsünü ve sahibini (1990). arayan ürkek at izlenimi veriyor insana. Olgunun en ilginç Görkemli geçmiþ uygarlýklarýn evrensel anýtý yaný, çýkarýlan ham petrolün yöre de deðil, Ýskenderun ‘Hasankeyf’te (eðer Batman’dan geliyorsanýz) sizi ilk ve Ýzmir Aliaða’da iþlenmesi! karþýlayan, Ýmam Abdullah Zaviyesi ile Mimar Pir Hasan’ýn Batman Ilýsu Barajý’nýn konuþlandýrýlacaðý Dicle nehrini Otlukbeli Savaþýnda (1473) ölen Zeynel Bey için yaptýrdýðý paralel izliyoruz. Baraj gövdesinin kaplayacaðý Hasankeyf Kümbettir. Özelliði; yöredeki öteki yapýlarýn tersine, topraklarýna girdik. Hasankeyf’e 12 km var; tarihi ve kesme taþ üstüne tuðla kaplama olarak dýþtan silindirik, doðal zengin doku ile iç içesiniz. Enerji koridoru, tarihi içten sekizgen planlý olmasýdýr. Yapým tarihi ve mimarý SÝT alanlarý ve tüm doðasal yeraltý ve yerüstü çeþitliliði; bilinmeyen Ýmam Abdullah Zaviyesinin kapýsý, 15. Ilýsu HES’ inden nasibini alacak evrensel deðerler. yüzyýl ahþap iþçiliðinin yetkin örneklerindendir. Ayrýca Bizanslýlar, Artuklular, Abbasiler, Osmanlýlar, Moðollar, söylencelere konu on iki imamý betimleyen Mavi Çini Levha hayli ilgi çekmektedir. (*) ÝMO Genel Sekreteri TMH - TÜRKÝYE MÜHENDÝSLÝK HABERLERÝ SAYI 412 - 2001/2 35 TMH KENTLEÞME DÝYARBAKIR Hasankeyf’i simgeleþtiren Dicle üzerindeki tarihi kotu ile Dicle’nin üst kotu arasýnda en az 125-150 mt bir köprü, yerleþkeyi gizemleþtiren görkemli bir yapýt. 12. derinlik mevcuttur. (Ana Britannica). yüzyýlda Artuklular tarafýndan yapýldýðý sanýlan köprü Asýl þehir, Hasankeyf kanyonun terasý sayýlabilecek yok olmak üzeredir. Uzunluðu yaklaþýk 120 mt. olan, kalenin kuzeydoðusundaki düzlük alanda inþa edilmiþ. günümüzün bile büyük mühendislik yapýsý sayýlabilecek Çevresinde ayrý sur yok çünkü her yaný “yar”larla Harap Köprü yýkýlmýþ. Ayakta deðil artýk. 40 mt.’lik çevrilidir. Kuzeybatýsýnda bazý ev ve dükkan kalýntýlarý ana gözle, Hasankeyf tarafýndan 15 mt’lik ve Batman bulunmaktadýr. Adeta terasta kurulmuþ bir kent. Su, tarafýndan 22 mt’lik gözden oluþuyormuþ-ki çocuklarýn güvenlikli bir teras kent ve teras Kentten kuþbakýþý spontane Hasankeyf tarihini anlatmaya baþladýklarý alabildiðine uzanan bereketli Dicle su havzasý. Geçmiþ nokta- orta ayaklarda görülen kabartmalarýn astrolojiyle uygarlýklarýn deðerini bildiði olaðanüstü zengin yerleþim ilgili olduðu rivayet edilmektedir. alaný... Günümüz uygarlýðýnýn deðerini ölçemediði Köprüyü geçip, Dicle’nin ve çevre daðlardan inen “Evrensel Uygarlýk Terasý” adeta... sel sularýnýn binlerce yýlda oyduðu derin kanyonu Ilýsu baraj suyu, Hasankeyf kalesinin en yüksek görmezden önce sizi, 12. yy’da Artuklular tarafýndan noktasýndaki Ulucami’nin üst kotuna kadar yapýldýðý söylenen Hasankeyf Sarayýnýn, Kuzeydeki köþe yükselecekmiþ. ‘Yani su’yun binlerce asýrdýr yarattýðý kuleleri karþýlýyor. Bu görsel zengin yapýnýn kare planlý uygarlýðý “Su”ya yok ettirme becerisine ulaþmamýza tuðla kemerli, kesme taþtan yapýldýðý görülüyor. az kaldý. Yap - Ýþlet - Yoket modeli ile yapýmýný Yavaþ yavaþ çaðlar öncesinin kayalarla oyulmuþ üstlenmiþ Balfour Beattyy adlý Ýngiliz firmasýnýn, projeden konutlarýný sunan kanyona giriyorsunuz. Uzunluðu bir vazgeçtiði söylentileri halk arasýnda yaygýnlaþmasý bir km.’den fazla. Kanyonun çaðlar öncesinin höyükler, ören umut olarak beliriyor ise de; kurumuþ çatlak topraðýn yerlerini (konutlarý), günümüzde de insanlarýn barýnma susuzluðunu gidermesi için göðün sonsuzluðuna nasýrlý sorununu çözer durumda görmek beni hayli düþündürdü. ellerini uzatmýþ yaradana yakaran yöre insani için de, Kanyonla çevrili kayalýk yükseltiyi taçlandýran yukarý Ilýsu Barajý bir umut. “Evrensel Uygarlýk Terasý” imiþ þehre (ören yerleri) güneyden týrmanýyorsunuz. Dicle’nin umurunda mý?... Diyarbakýr ili, Bismil ilçesi ile Batman, güney cephesinin en yüksek noktasýna ulaþýyor ve Dicle Siirt ve Mardin illeri içinde yer alan ILISU (HES) Barajý yataðý ve üzerindeki tarihi Harap köprüye 125-150 Dicle ile kollarý Batman, Botan ve Gar üzerinde oluþacak. mt. tepeden bakýyorsunuz. Bu en yüksek noktadaki Rezervuar alaný Cizre’nin 50 km kuzeybatýsýnda, Ilýsu tarihi zengin yapýtlarýn kalýntýlarýyla karþý karþýyasýnýz. mevkiinden Bismil yakýnlarýna kadar 120 km boyunca En önemlisi Artuklular tarafýndan yapýldýðý savlanan uzanacak. Ulucami’dir. (Erres Kilisesinden bozma cami) Yedi Hasan Ayhan gezi boyunca Simültane (kendiliðinden) kapýsýndan üçünün kalýntýlarý günümüze ulaþabilmiþ olan rehberimiz. Anadolu insanýnýn, saf ve temiz abartýlý Dicle’nin güneyindeki Hasankeyf Kalesi (Romalý’larýn yansýmasý. Sevecen ve candan. Yirmi beþ otuz Ýran sýnýrýný denetim altýnda tutmak için yaptýðý da yaþlarýnda.... Hasan, Hasankeyf giriþi bizleri karþýlayan savlanmaktadýr) muhteþem bir yapýt. Eyyubi Sultaný ilkokul çocuklarýnýn benzer coþkusuyla bizlerle Süleyman tarafýndan (1409)’de yapýlan “Rýzk” Cami koþuþturuyor. Hasankeyf tarihini anlatabilmenin kanyonun en yüksek noktasýndadýr. Ýþte bu caminin üst 36 TMH - TÜRKÝYE MÜHENDÝSLÝK HABERLERÝ SAYI 412 - 2001/2 KENTLEÞME DÝYARBAKIR TMH Anlamýyorum!
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