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Report 2010–5162 Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service Occurrence and Distribution of Organic Wastewater Compounds in Rock Creek Park, Washington, D.C., 2007–08 Scientific Investigations Report 2010–5162 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Cover. Boulder Bridge, Rock Creek Park, Washington, D.C. [Photograph by National Park Service.] Occurrence and Distribution of Organic Wastewater Compounds in Rock Creek Park, Washington, D.C., 2007–08 By Daniel J. Phelan and Cherie V. Miller Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service Scientific Investigations Report 2010–5162 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior KEN SALAZAR, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey Marcia K. McNutt, Director U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2010 For more information on the USGS—the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment, visit http://www.usgs.gov or call 1-888-ASK-USGS For an overview of USGS information products, including maps, imagery, and publications, visit http://www.usgs.gov/pubprod To order this and other USGS information products, visit http://store.usgs.gov Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this report is in the public domain, permission must be secured from the individual copyright owners to reproduce any copyrighted materials contained within this report. Suggested citation: Phelan, D.J., and Miller, C.V., 2010, Occurrence and distribution of organic wastewater compounds in Rock Creek Park, Washington, D.C., 2007–08: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010–5162, 68 p. ISBN 978-1-4113-2961-4 iii Contents Abstract ..........................................................................................................................................................1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................................1 Purpose and Scope ..............................................................................................................................3 Previous Investigations........................................................................................................................3 Rock Creek Basin .........................................................................................................................3 Organic Wastewater Compounds (OWCs) in Streams ..........................................................3 Description of Study Area ...................................................................................................................6 Methods of Data Collection .........................................................................................................................6 Thermal Infrared (TIR) Survey and Site Selection ..........................................................................7 Synoptic Water-Quality Sampling ......................................................................................................7 Sediment Sampling ...............................................................................................................................9 Stormwater-Quality Sampling .............................................................................................................9 Passive Sampling ..................................................................................................................................9 Estimation of Ambient Concentrations of Organic Wastewater Compounds from Semipermeable Membrane Devices (SPMD) ..................................................................10 Analytical Methods.............................................................................................................................10 Quality Assurance of Data ................................................................................................................10 Water-Quality Data ......................................................................................................................................15 Synoptic Water-Quality Data ............................................................................................................15 Dissolved Organic Wastewater Compounds ........................................................................15 Dissolved Pharmaceuticals .....................................................................................................16 Total Organic Wastewater Compounds .................................................................................18 Synoptic Bed-Sediment Data ...........................................................................................................18 Stormwater-Quality Data ...................................................................................................................23 Passive-Sampler Data........................................................................................................................27 Semipermeable Membrane Devices (SPMD) .......................................................................27 Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Samplers (POCIS) ......................................................27 Occurrence and Distribution of Organic Wastewater Compounds in Rock Creek Park .................37 Summary and Conclusions .........................................................................................................................40 Acknowledgments .......................................................................................................................................41 References Cited..........................................................................................................................................41 iv Appendix A: Selected images from thermal infrared flyover of Rock Creek Park, Washington, D.C., at dawn, January 31, 2007 ............................................................................46 Appendix B: Organic wastewater compounds analyzed in filtered surface-water samples from Rock Creek Park, Washington, D.C., June 27–28, 2007...................................48 Appendix C: Organic wastewater compounds for which surface-water samples were analyzed in unfiltered water in Rock Creek Park, Washington, D.C., June 27–28, 2007.............................................................................................................................49 Appendix D: Organic wastewater compounds for which creek-bottom-sediment samples were analyzed in Rock Creek Park, Washington, D.C., June 27–28, 2007.............................................................................................................................50 Appendix E: Concentrations of organic wastewater compounds in stormwater samples from Rock Creek at Joyce Road, Washington, D.C. (station number 01648010), June and September 2008............................................................51 Appendix F: Concentrations of organic wastewater compounds from Semipermeable Membrane Devices (SPMD) in Rock Creek Park, Washington, D.C., July 2–29, 2008...............................................................................................65 Appendix G: Concentrations of pesticides from Semipermeable Membrane Devices (SPMD) in Rock Creek Park, Washington, D.C., July 2–29, 2008...........................67 Figures 1–3. Maps showing— 1. Location of Rock Creek drainage basin and Rock Creek Park study area, Washington, D.C..............................................................................................2 2. Locations of surface-water sampling stations within the Rock Creek Park study area, Washington, D.C., 2007–08 .......................................................4 3. Generalized location of areas that are served by a combined sewer system in Washington, D.C. ...................................................................................7 4–6. Graphs showing— 4. Long-term average discharge and daily mean discharge from October 2006 through September 2008 at Rock Creek at Sherrill Drive, Rock Creek Park, Washington, D.C. ......................................................16 5. Discharge and sample times from Rock Creek at Joyce Road, Washington, D.C., (A) June 27–28, 2008 and (B) September 6–7, 2008 .....................24 6. Discharge and concentrations of total organic carbon (TOC), suspended sediment, caffeine, and DEET from Rock Creek at Joyce Road, Washington, D.C., (A) June 27–28, 2008 and (B) September 6, 2008 .......................................................................................................39 v Tables 1. Station numbers and names, and sample-collection dates for organic wastewater compounds from Rock Creek Park, Washington, D.C., 2007–08 .....................8 2. Concentrations of total organic carbon, and dissolved organic wastewater compounds detected in water from Rock Creek Park, Washington, D.C., June 27–28, 2007.........................................................................................................................12 3. Summary of dissolved organic wastewater compounds detected at concentrations above method reporting levels in samples from Rock Creek Park, June 27–28, 2007 ...............................................................................................................16 4. Concentrations of dissolved
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