An Analytical Study of Noor-ul-Zaman Auj’s Works on Bahawalpur

RESEARCHER

Rukhsana Manzoor

Roll No. 7

Session: 2013-2015

M. Phil History (Distance Education)

SUPERVISOR

Dr. Mazher Hussain

Department of History The Islamia University of Bahawalpur

“An Analytical Study of Noor-ul-Zaman Auj’s Works on

Bahawalpur”

A Thesis Submitted to the Islamia University of

Bahawalpur in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the

Degree of Master of Philosophy in History

BY Rukhsana Manzoor

Department of History The Islamia University of Bahawalpur

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 Preamble

2 Dedication

3 Acknowledgments

7 Chapter No.1 9

Introduction

8 Chapter No.2 12

Land and Its Lost River

9 Chapter No. 3 28

Dark Period of History

10 Chapter No. 4 46

New Order Under Abbasids

11 Chapter No. 5 73

Land and People of Cholistan.

12 Chapter No. 6 94

Ancient Settlement of Cholistan.

13 Conclusion 118

19 Bibliography 125

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Chapter No. 01 Introduction

Nur-uz-Zaman Ahmed Auj (1926-2007) was one of eminent local historians whose works on the local historiography especially on the history and culture of the Cholistan, an extension of the famous Rajputana Desert has gained popularity and fame.1 He was son of Major Shams-ud-din Bahadur, the ex-

Prime Minister of former Princely State of Bahawalpur. Nur-uz-Zaman got his early education from S.D. High School Bahawalpur in 1941. He did his

Intermediate in 1943 and graduation in 1945 from S.E. College. He was interested in literature, poetry, and history. 2

From his student life he took part in poetry and debates. He had very soft corner for Bahawalpur He wanted to see this state as self dependent. He was keen about the history of Cholistan. He visited the Bahawalpur state throughout and studies and did research from all aspect .e. historical background and importance.3He examined the value of all tradition belongs to past and present age. He had great treasure of knowledge about Bahawalpur

State from all aspects. Basically he was very intelligent and serious person. He was very helping, and helped everyone who was doing research on

Bahawalpur. State, he may be Pakistani or foreigner. He never tried from doing work. He was very hand working. He wrote in quarterly Az-Zubair,

Bahawalpur also.4

His piece of Poetry ―Auj Ghazal‖ is very interesting for poetry lovers.

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His Books Cholistan land and people, Ancient Bahawalpur, legacy of

Cholistan has great treasure of knowledge about Bahawalpur.5

His mother was a very poise lady but unfortunately she died in his early childhood. Although his father was remarried yet this gap was never filled in his personality. He liked to play with the children of street instead of his own family children. Her mother developed self-respect, dignity, self-defence and bravery in them that‘s why he was able to make his own place in the society on the basis of his ability.6 In 1948 he was appointed as deputy superintendent jail. On deputation he became director of B.D. system in 1958 and after eight year he backed to parent post in 1966 during the B.D. system of Ayub Khan.

He went to abroad and did his diploma on agriculture from the University of

London on the scholarship by Government.7

He had three brothers and two sisters i.e. Sultan Ahmed Qurashi,

Fareedudeen, Masood Ghyasudeen Mehmood, Rasheeda Begum, Shamsa

Bibi. He had three sons Nauman Qureshi (Principle SPS) Dr Shahid Arfan

Qureshi and Dr. Imran Qureshi is doing practice in B.V.H. He wanted to make

Nauman Qureshi Engineer but he was interested in language and literature.

Dr. Arfan Qureshi completed the wish of his father and his younger son Imran followed his brother Arfan who wanted to do CSS. Nur-uz-Zaman Ahmed

Auj had great love with his sons and brought up his sons in such a way that they became very useful for their country and gave fame to their father.8 He

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did research on Bahawalpur and brought many new facts about the region which were hidden. He wanted to make Bahawalpur as province.9

His wife belonged to Punjabi family, her name was Najma Bilqis. Her father Mirza was in police and retired as DSP. He got king police Gold medal on saving the life of solo ours and British army from British Government. His father was the minister of health education of Bahawalpur State. His

Grandfather Maulvi Ghulam Hussain got the title of Muhsin ul Mulk from the

Nawab of Bahawalpur State on saving the life of Sir Sadiq Khan Abbasi. He was health minister of Bahawalpur State. He was ataleeq (teacher) of Nawab sahib. Father of Nawab Sadiq died when he was very young and was not able to run state this. Responsibility of education of Nawab was given to Maulvi

Sahib. He had great importance among the ministers of Nawab sahib His contribution in the establishment of Jamia Islamia is not negligible.10

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CONCLUSION:

Bahawal pur state comes into being in 1727 and Amir Muhammad

Sadiq was the first ruler of new state. If we see in the history of Bahawal pur it is important to sketcjh out the political, relgious and social back ground of this family which after migrating from Baghdad. They only was the ruler of Sind but also ruled over the differet district of Punjab. After migrating from

Baghdad they took refuge in Mackron(Balochistan

) as a religion scholars.Mia Adam Shah was a great Religious personality who was the Mureed of Mian Muhammad Mehdi.

Postan writes ― when Muhammad Mehdi went to Makkah then Mian

Mihammad Mehdi became Guddi nasheen and remain on Guddi for six generation.

Dr James Says‖ During the mid of 15th century couple of different religious leader captured the politics of country of bank of river Sind once was

Adam shah Kalhora and other was Sikh Murshid Nana sahib. The rais of

Abbasi in Sind strated religiously then offspring became land lord and got advantage political disturbance in Sind and became the ruler of Sind.

Ameer Chunni had two sons Amir Mehdi and Amir Doud. He was succeeded by his son Amir Mehdi after his death but Amir Mehdi died after a short period Amir Ibrahim became successor. There started misunderstanding

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between Amir Ibrahim and Doud Khan. As a result they divided into

Abbasidis group that is kalhoras and Doudpotras.

Ameer Muhammad khan abbasi was a chief who invited to UCH by

Makhdoom, Bukharis and Gilnanis. He stayed in UCH and achieved the illaqas of shikar pur by contacting the Governor oh Multan. There fouded the

AllahAbad . he died in 1745 afetr ruling here for 18 years. He was succeeded by his son Bahawal Khan. Bahawal Khan had a son so after his death

Muhammad Mubarak khan became ruler.Mukhtar khan founded many Forts and cities among those were Mubarak Pur, Sardar Garh. Phurah Khair pur and

Kot Sabzal. After conquering the areas of Punjab that is Pak Patan, Sunya Pur and Melsi etc he include those area under his Government. He constructed so many canals and introduced irrigation system. He also had no son so after his death his Nephew Jaffar Khan became his successor and called as Bahawal

Khan 2. The era of Bahawal Khan was a very intelligent ruler and control the circumstances wisely. During that period English started to come here. In

1808 when he passed from Bahawal our while going to Kabul Amir Bahawal

Khan served hi very well. Chief of Kabul also took refuge in Bahawal pur.

During his rule and requested him for help in the conquered of Dera Ghazi

Khan. Nawab sb awarded this duty to Munshi Yaqoob khan his military commande. Nawab Muhammd Sadiq died in 1838 and his elder son Nawab

Bahawal Khan 3 became his successor and he made strong relation with british and started mutual trade. He helped British 848 against Mulraj and

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British Awarded one lac Annual for his service and also awarded him ilaqa of

Bhung and Kot Sabzal.

His era of 22 years was very successful in every respect. His time of region was very ideal and there was no internal irritation, law and order was maintained during 28 years. He died in 1852, he had six sons and his third son

Saadat yar Khan was made his successor but his elder son Nawab Fateh deorived him from Guddi. Nawab Fateh khan died in 1858 and his son Nawab

Bahawal Khan 4th was set on thorn. But unfortunately his period was effected by interior irritation and revolt. He died in very young age in 1866 his son was only five years old on his death. He was look after British and he control the rule in 1879. his education was held under supervision of English. During his rule he took part in Battle against British by Afghanistan, Misar and chitral as result he was awarded by khitab G.C.S.E by British Government. He died in

1899 after his death his son Mubarak Khan who called Bahawal Khan 5 beacme Guddi nasheen. After completing his education 1906 he became ruler.

He gave the strength to the administration skeleton of BAHAWALPUR. He visited through the state and took interest in each and every thing related to state . during his short period of rule his strategies for the beneficial state made the state among well developed state . he established orphan homes , schools , colleges and hospitals. He also constructed canals. He gave the aid to muslim institute of sub-continent. He worked honestly for the progress of state but Alas his life ended in 1907 when was coming from Hajj. His sadiq

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Muhammad Khan 5 was only three years old. A council of regency was established which controlled state till his maturity.

Nawab Muhammad Sadiq V was very intelligent and able practically he proved himself when he was only seven years old. He him self was the commander of March past of Delhi darbar. Every body was surprised to see his skill. He took control of the Government in 1926 when he was in England and got many experiences from military point of view. In 1926 he received the Khita K.C.S.I. he also got many other Khitabs in the basis of efficiency. In 1933 he was oppointed as

Major, In 1940 he became letinent Karnad and in 1942 he became Major

General in British Army. He was very strong Administrator and modern development took place during his region. He was also great social worker, which he proved himself during the earth quake of Quetta in 1935. he also took interest in aiding the education Institute. He gave the donations to Ali

Garh Muslim University, Anjuman hamayat islam. In Bahwal pur he build

Jamia abbasia, Sadiq public school and sadiq reading Liberary. The great event of his life is Sutlej valley prpject in 1921 four head works were made under that scheme so that Bahawal pur may got properity and irrigation system may developed. This scheme carried out by Nawab at very young age subsequently stated bear a large amount of foreign loan. It became very difficult to return the loan to British Govt. being an intelligent he return loan early. During the world war 2 he helped the British by using all sources of the

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state. Bahawalpur first infantry force with Japanies Army at Singapur. Nawab sb gave the British this personal services. He visited Iraq, Iran, Syria, Lubnan,

Philistine and Arabs. His services for the development of Urdu is not neglected , because of his struggle it also became the language of offices and courts.He also separated the administration and judiciary as separate institute.

During his reign Qadyani was called non muslim by the decision of high court. He was very soft hearted man, he also remained worry about muslims.

He wa also remained conscious about the movement relating to the creation of

Pakistan and donate those movement generously. Quaid azam was his very close friend. Nawab was the first ruler who made alliance with Pakistan and also gave protection to the Muhajareen. In 1955 state merge into Pakistan and converted into a division of Punjab and Nawab Muhammad Khan 5 was the last ruler of this state. He died in London in 1966 and his dead body brought in bahawal pur was buried with the great military honor in his ancient graveyard of Derawar.

This was the brief history of Bahawalpur and let us discuss the tribes and costs which were in the Bahawalpur state about the fall of Moenjo daro and harrapa civilization could not be say. In Balochistan Brohi tribe can be the

Offspring of Derawarian. Some indication shows that Marowarch , cholistan and northern areas of Sind were present Jatt machi and meebaher. Tarikh e

Farishta provides many information shows that Barhaman and Khishtary were living here but Rajput came here after a long period. Perista writes ― fareeden

Irani ruler not only on Punjab but also ruled over Tibbet, Kabul and Sind.

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Some statements is also found in the Tabkht e Nashi. Jatt was present in rajoutana sind and Bahawalpur. They were the believe of Sikh religion that tribe was Worriors. They were found of cganel. Aryan came in Sind after hindustan. Before Aryan here Tribes were ruling here. Kanghum says its mean the land of Bhagri and Bhagri was the chief of that area. Another important tribe of cholistan is bhatti. It was worrior tribe and accupied area near the

Karhor Pacca. Abu Fazal named his tribe Asham Bati tao said that raja Rawal beloged to this tribe and was the chief of Derwar later on Doud potra abbasi captured that fort.

Joeya was also a tribe which was also worrior. Aroar was also a caste of

Bahawal pur they belonged to the capital of Allor, when Muhammad Bin

Qasim conquered Sind, not only Sind but also Bahawalpur accepted

Islam.After that many Muslims started to come Bahawalpur. Among they were syeds. They converted many Hindus into Muslims. Now days the important costs of Bahawalpur are Sayyed: they were Bulchari and gelanis of

Uch. Qureshi the 2nd important tribe of Syed; they called shah. They are

Sadiqi, farooqi, Alvi and Nohani.

Baloch are Gopang, Chandio, Khosay, Rind, Dashti, Lashari, Laghari, jatoi and Miza. Mostly Gopang live in Khanpur, Ahmad pur, and Chandia in

Pakka Laran, Khosay in Allahabad and Rahim Yar khan and Rind are spread all over the Bahawalpur.The omportant places of bahawal pur are Noor mahal,

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Ghulzar mahal, Derawar fort, Sadiq Palace, and many gardens are showing the greatness of arts of Architecture.

Shah abdul Latif Bhatti and khawaja Gulam Farid are the two important poet of Abbasides era in Sind and Bahwal pur. The historian of abbasides rule in Sind and bahawal pur, faqeer, McMurdo, Nathan crow, H.A rose, Haig, David Rose, Ali Sheer Qanni, Lala Doulat Rai, Shahmat Ali. Syed

Murad shah, Shhahb Dehlvi and Nur-Ul-Zaman Ahmad Auj etc. Irrigation system of Bahawal pur is well functional and working at high level.

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