RFESTPICTrFf
I9La %JulI AW15 Vol. 7
Public Disclosure Authorized This report was prepared for use within the Bank and its affiliated organizations. They do not accept responsibility for its accuracy or completeness. The report may not be published nor may it be-quoted as representing their views.
INTERNATIONAL BANK. FOR RECONSTRUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATION Public Disclosure Authorized
T HE C URR ENT EC ONOMiC SiT UA T ION
AND PROSPECTS
OF
SENEGAL
(in seven volumes) Public Disclosure Authorized
VOLUME VII
TOURISM
June 8, 1970 Public Disclosure Authorized
Western Africa Department rTTDtWIzCTPV LEQTTmTTATA17TI C!
. JI.TTT_:- U4. A - V Tti 1AL VUALs 1I LoyUlD; JL.rk rvEnclr- AV )
Before August 11, i969: US$ 1.00 = CFAF 246.85 CFAF 1,000= US$ 4t.05 kfter August ii, 1969: US$ 1.00 = CFAF 277.71 CFAF 1,000= US$ 3.60
WEIGHTS AND MASURES
1 Metric Ton (t) = 2,205 lbs. 1 Kilogram (kg) = 2.2 lbs. 1 Kilometer (km) = 0.62 mile 1 Meter (m) = 3.28 feet COMPOSITION OF THE MISSION
This report is based on the findings of a mission which vicited Senegnl in cob+nher anrd Mnovmbhar of 1Q9Q9 The miq-tmin wanq composed of the following members:
Corr.lisaJT.Jar.sen rh ief-rrof MAissQion Heinz B. Bachmann Chief Economist
Jacques Baldet Fiscal Economist
Pietro Rava (Consultant) Agronomist
RLOID Vbrt'. MoJala I('os"-ant)-ihre- £IC4s Ine r i ew xrUF J Wybold van Warmelo (Consultant) Industries Expert Al a ng- Th',y s TWat4er SplyEr £~Ala.L WYLI± C)L11JJj-~iJL AAj Abdallah El Maaroufi Tourism Expert
This volume was prepared by Abdallah El Maaroufi.
TOURISM IN SENEGAL
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page No.
SUIA.RY ......
I. ASSETS AND LIMITATIONS .1
Assets. 1
Lim4t t i o n s _
TTI THVE G.ROWTH OF TUTRIS II . 3
V4isior Traffic at-d I+s Cha.-acteritics.. . 3 Tourist Facilities. 8
Hotels. 8
SJ.ne. Regio.nal hrcaer1 . *0 .J.S.-1 ...... Internal Transportation .10
III. TOURISM IN THE 1969-73 DEVELOPMENT PLAN .10
Plan Targets .10 Lroject. CrOp-osa'Ls ...... AC Comments on the Plan .13
IV. ORGANIZATION OF TOURISM. 14
The Role of the Public and Private Sectors. 14 'Le Climate for Investment .0 Policies for Tourism Development .16 Regional Tourism Possibilities .17
V.mldE RET'uRnS nM UnISM ...... 17
Foreign Exchange Earnings .17 E~mployment .18 Returns on Investment .8 Conclusion .18
APPENDIX A - A Note on Air Transportation Costs APPENDIX B - Prices at Selected Senegalese Hotels in US$ in 1968-69 APPEN-DIX C - Table 1: Weather Conditions in Saint Louis, 1966 Table 2: Weather Conditions in Dakar, 1966 Table 3: Weather Conditions in Liguinchor, 1966 Table 4: Weather Conditions in Tambacounda, 1966 APPENDIX D - Organizational Chart of the Canmissariat General au Tourisme APPENDIX E - Maps of Senegal
flfa AnfL_
i. Senegal has a certain tourism potential, but the exploitation of this potential is hindered by the distance of the country from the main tourist generating countries and the high transportation costs there- by entailed, the high price level in the country, and the shortage of adequate hotel accommodation. The newly-formed Commissariat General au Tourisme (June 18, 1969) is making serious efforts to coordinate actions and to design policies and measures for more effective tourism proiaotion., but it is still suffering from staffing and financial problems. ii. Tourism statistics in Senegal are not well-developed and make any precise assessment of past tourism development difficult. Given well- conceived promotion-policies and appropriate expansion of tourist facil- ities, a continued growth in the number of visitor arrivals to Senegal at a rate of 10% annually seems plausible. iii. The third four-year Senegalese Plan (1969-1973) envisages a concentration of investments in the Cap-Vert Region - Dakar and the sur- rounding area. The priority accorded the Cap Vert vis-a-vis the other regions appears broadly sound. The size and the phasing of the invest- ments are however more open to question. The Societe Africaine Immobil-- iere et Hoteliere (S.A.I.H.) is the only investment group which is actively proceeding with additions to capacity in the Dakar region at the present time. iv. The Senegalese Government has decided to make the S.A.I.H. its main instrument in the promotion of the tourist industry. In view of its past experience and of the dynamism of its officers, the S.A.I.H. appears well-suited to take on this new function, but its present staff will have to he increased if it is to cope successfully with its new responsibili- iEes. The level of investible funds at its disposal is limited, however, and an increase in its share capital is contemplated. The Senegalese authorities intend to seek foreign assistance, including World Bank Group assistance, for this purpose. v. Air Afrique is moving ahead with the creation of a regional corporation for the promotion of West African tourism. Cooperation in this field may benefit the region, but a comprehensive study of the area's tourism possibilities has yet to be undertaken.
TOURISM IN SENEGAL
I. ASSETS AND LIMITATIONS
1. Assets. Seneaal has certain assets favorable to tourism devel- opment.
(a) Senegal has a long coastline with many sandy beaches and has nlentiful sunshine from mid-November to mid-June, at a time when this is a rare commodity in the main tourist- generating countries of North America and Western Europe. The increasing tendency for people in these countries to tAke at least a pArt of their annual vacation in winter can be expected to have a favorable impact on tourism de- velopment in countries like Senegal. The Canarv Tslands and other areas blessed with warm weather during the Eu.roean and American winte-r seasons a-e n -ayv hbenefit- ing from this tendency. About two-thirds of the total number of tourPists who came to the Canary islands in 1967 came during the months of January, February, March, No- vrm.ber and December.
Possible activities for tourists in Senegal are prin- cipally those related to the sea (swimming, fishing, sail- ing, etc.). Tn d44tion there- are sor..e p ibilities for hunting and organized excursions to the interior, wiere the tourist can discover some of Senegal's ancient tradi- tions and folklore.
(b) Senegal is easily accessible from other parts of the world.
Good ai.r ar.u. sea conneci L/. -it othe-Jl±ink poir,ts4 in Africa, Europe and America. The Dakar-Yoff International Ai±rport1 authlul1oritiLes recordeud some 8.,000Ou 'comUercifa.i aircratL movements in 1968 (total aircraft movements were about 35,000),
Lbit, L.l.e airport. could h.1dlar muchZLe more tra.fic 4h1 iLt1 de now without alteration. The Maritime Port of Dakar is also operating muchelulID1w capac,uty -w.L.n sume 12 ,000 ship movements in 1968. Internal communications in Senegal are quite good, particularly in the Cap Vert region.
(c) The political and social stability of Senegal is a third im- portant asset.
2. Limitations. Efforts to exploit Senegal's tourism potential are, however, hampered by a number of factors.
(a) Senegal's distance from the main tourist-generating countries of Western Europe and North America and the transportation costs involved place it at a disadvantage relative to other tourist destinations with similar attractions. The importarnce of this handicap must be qualified in two ways. First, visi- tor traffic to Senegal at present consists primarily of busi- ness visitors, and business demand is generally not affected by transportation cost considerations. Second, while it is true that the level ofe ho1iidnay emanvnA i affectedf by such considerations, the increasing availability of sched,1ed and r.on-schedulled inclusive tor1 fnxaes have brought even the most distant land.s within reach of a 1-,ger maorket. The Senegalese oa+hori+ies should there= fore investigate possible ways to decrease air transpor- 4 1 +t+4ion cos+s fo- hali4dAr ivr 4-taor +o Senea +hr h the use of inclusive tour fares and the expansion of charter _lu.,s4i.. +to,,. (onr Aws--A4,, A fP_ ea+i4l1A dAsBu4 _\
(b rih,e second ra-in factor liitn4he 4poiatr of Qeegl' XLj / .*L1A AiAI,LI4~.JLS VL.L"L6 SAWL~ tourism potential is the high price level in the country. PLriLces for accommodation. and meal.s atU a feW representatie hotels are shown in Appendix B. As an illustration, the price
lo a si gl rot an_ _ 5_ ve_6* as_k -4 4- - LTJ4-1 .3 X,Ti,o o_ j_ ___ .Ls'JL a. I v e.flJL.&. a.O .::cIWh=I U : i .=J.L .: I \JLWr JnLj=auvr.CL ranges from $11.90 to $13.4o. This is quite high by compari- son with prices in the Mediterranea--ar.m-Y area, 'th IslvnuU, and to a lesser extent East Africa, and makes it difficult for tLo-a operators tLo offer raobl-icdin.clus-ive tour to individual tourists or to groups of tourists.
The high price level is due to the general insufficiency of hotel Ifcilit'es, psrticule.Lrly 'LL ,UMUr, IudUL ke rela- tively high operating costs of hotels which, in turn, reflect the high salaries of expatriate staf-f and the fairly high cost of local labor. Prices are also high for restaurant facilities, taxi fares and other services used by tourists. All of these elements combine to make Senegal expensive for visitors from abroad.
(c) hne Senegalese Government has only recently started to pay in- creased attention to the development of tourism. Efforts to promote tourism in the past were small and uncoordinated. T'he newly-formed Commissariat General au Tourisme (June 18, 1969) is making serious efforts to coordinate actions and to design policies and measures for more effective promotion of tourism, but it is still suffering from staffing and financial problems.
(d) The fourth limiting factor is one vhich Senegal can do little about, namely the appeal of skiing vacations in Europe at about the time of its "tourist season". II. THE GROWTH OF TOURISM
Visitor Traffic and Characteristics
3. In order to put Senegal's visitor traffic statistics in the proper perspective, a brief reference must be made to trends in inter- national travel to Africa. The total number of international tourist arrivals in the world was approximately 140 million in 1968, and Africa's share in this total was 1.3 per cent. Most of the visitors to Africa came to North, East or South Africa, and the impetus behind the growth in the total number of arrivals to Africa over the last few years -- 13 per cent per annum between 1963 and 1967 -- came mainly from these re- gions. In this lareer context, the number of arrivals to West Africa has been and remains relatively small.
4. The number of total foreign arrivals to Senegal can be derived from airnort arnd maritime port statiaties- ainne the airnort and nort of Dakar are the principal entry points into the country from abroad. Total passenger arrivalt at the port and Airport Of Dslkar for the years 1963 to 1968 are shown in Table 1.
Table 1: PASSENGER ARRIVALS AT THE MARITIME PORT AND ATFsTH .ATRPORPT'ATE AhAR, , 1963-1968
Year. Port Arrivals Airport A-r4valai Total
In' 3 237,0 6nK7 on""O hnn-
96?Z11 'y~ ),oo 67oo 94sooo
7964 ~ ~ 'T 0o,00 63,0 ~0 85,9000 9651 el.,o ~ 60/ ,800J 8 ,ooo
1966 19 ,100 65 ,200 8-- ,300
1967 ~ ~ -i ,400)15 68,00 83 ,700
-I n -.4J ,-' .V'j I v ,J'' y.A. ,JL JV 1/ The air arrivals for each year include between 3,500 and 4,000 ar- rivals frora othArer parts ofL! Sengal _oeoer thr is a Aiscrepancy I.JLLLIJLL~L A ~ A A. ~ A.L J~A ~ ~AL*ULAJ=V=L, L.LLt:L 4.0 UJLCJl1 ) between the totals reported by ASECNA (the mission's source) and tSose recordedu uy- the airporLt authorLities.*ju1e discrepancy :L8 nio very large, however; the statistics recorded by the airport authori- ties usually exceeed those of thne ASECNA oy about 500 or 60u. Sources: Direction du Port Autonome de Dakar; Agence pour la Securite de la Navigation Aerienne en Afrique et a Madagascar, Statistiques de Trafic Aerien des Aerodromes Geres par i' A.S.E.C.N.A., 196o-oo; Bulletin Statistique du Senegal. - 4 - 5. The number of sea arrivals in Senegal declined at an average annual rate of 11 ner cent between 1963 and 1968. This decline is con- sistent with world-wide trends in shipping traffic. 1/ Approximately two-thirdq of total sea arrivals in 1967 and in 1968 came on cruise ships and thus did not stay in hotels, but information about the re- mnining nne-third i{ not avAilahle. Air arriuval in Spnegal inore2sed at the modest rate of 2=3 per cent per annum from 1963 to 1968, but most of the growth took place between 1965 and 1968, when air arrivals grew at 7-3 per rent per annum. The decline in air arrivals between 1963 and 1965 is perhaps due to the decrease during those -ears in the number of French civili an ar.d mniA1-tary personnel residing in Senegal. The increase in arrivals from 1965 to 1968 can be at least partly acrouinted for by the arrival of large num.bers of delegates and observers to the Festival Mondial des Arts Negres in 1966 ar,d the publicity which Senegal derived from the Festival. 7 e A.4sher ldsri*4on of air arrivlal by u.tr of og4-4- iOsh.W,f below for the years 1967 and 1968: 1/ For instance, North Atlantic traffic on scheduled shipping lines showed a steady decline between 1964 and 1968. The rates of decline are shown below: 1964/1963 -10 per cent 1965/1964 - 9 per cent 1966/1965 - 7 per cent 1967/1966 -17 Der cent 1968/1967 -26 per cent Source: OECD Tourism Committee, Tourism in OECD Member Countries, Paris, 1969Q p 38= -5- - . -.-.. . .. nr. a n, rra.n A -r -n,ffAfAmflV fin r%fT fly Taole 2: AIR¶ ANRuVALS IN SENE'-74r' DrJ CV-U-TlR OVr vul±LJri 1967 AND 1968 per cent per cent of of 1967 total 1968 -total France 24,150 34.8 25,500 33.6 Rest of Europe 5,100 7.4 6,750 8.9 North Africa and Canary Islands 8,850 12.8 10,700 14.1 Sub-Saharan Africa 23,050 33.2 22,550 29.7 Senegal 3,750 5.4 3,800 5.0 North America 2,550 3.7 3,050 4.o South America 1,900 2.7 1,900 2.5 Middle East - - 1,700 2.2 69,350 100 75,950 100 Source: ASECNA The totals do not tally with those given for 1967 and 1968 in Table 1, although they were derived from the same source__A_ECNAL. The -reasoa-- -f iAi aiiierences a so parent, but the totals are sufficiently close to warrant the use of this distribution as indicative of the vari- ous orders of magnitude. 8. The total number of arrivals less cruise ship arrivals and Senegalese nationals was approximately 71.000 in 1967 and 77,000 in 1968. The totals include residents returning to Senegal from abroad and Euro- peans employed in the service of the Senegalese Government. A breakdown of the figures between these arrivals and "visitor" arrivals 1/ is not available. however. 1/ The term "viRitnr" is u-ed here in the Bense of "anv peraon visiting a country other than that in which he has his usual place of resi- iIpno. finr Am, ar* 10. The breakdown of the 1967 hotel arrivals by nationality was as follows: Table 3: DAKAR HOTEL ARRIVALS BY NATIONALITY, 1967 Europe 14,346 50.8 per cent Sub-Saharan Africa 7,660 27.1 per cent North America 4,430 15.7 per cent Other 1,8o4 6.4 per cent 28,240 100.0 per cent Source: Euretudes, Approche d' un Programme de Developpement du Tourisme au Senegal, Dakar, 1968. The classification of these hotel arrivals by purpose of visit is not as satisfactory, because the hotel registration cards list only three pur- poses -- work, tourism, and other -- and because visitors often leave this section blank. Table 4: HOTEL ARRIVALS BY PURPOSE OF VISIT, 1967 Work 12,067 42.7 per cent Tourism 4,956 17.6 per cent Other 11,117 39.7 per cent 28,24o 100.0 per cent Source: Euretudes, ibid. W-b-.ile sim-il^a data Wre r.ot available for 198 h atr rhbydes not differ very much fram that of 1967. 11. The length of stay of visitors to Senegal is estimated by the iBbae Mion ssineUig iLon to-0vrK whaV.L hotbet-weeL.W= C;ALL thre an P-dtravel Afo agJentLqay. sans. es4tiate sems pl aubOle on interviews with hotel managers and travel agents and seems plausible - 7 - in lipht of the preponderance of business visitors and of airline crews in total hotel arrivals, as well as the large number of itinerant tour- ists (i.e. tourists who come to Senegal as part of a larger African tour. and who therefore stay only a relatively short time). The mission's es- timate of the averaae lenath of stav of visitors to Seneeal is corrobo- rated by the occupancy rate statistics of the few accommodation establish- ments which can hp considered suitahle for foreign visitors. 12- Visitor traffir i8q QPs onal with peaks du,ring, the nperiod No- vember-May but the seasonality is reduced by the preponderance of busi- ness visitors over purely holiday v Thni is reflected in the monthly occupancy rates of the hotels in Dakar. Table 5: MONTHLY OCCUPANCY RATES OF SELECTED HOTELSl/, 1968 J F M A M J J A S 0 N D Hotel de N'Gor 80 89 88 86 91 67 74 66 70 85 89 85 Hotel La Croix du Sud 93 94 96 88 68 65 60 51 58 87 93 71 Village de N'Gor 51 56 54 51 57 28 28 19 16 22 27 50 1/ These establishments were selected because, between them, they ac- ~~IL A.._L L . L L WLLLI 1 _ L . LU U -L _ -L __ foreign visitors. Source: Interviews and Replies to Mission Questionnaire. The seasonality is more marked in the case of the Village de N'Gor, be- …..S o_____J__wX 1 __ _._J_ __.._1 A _ ^ _._w _^r __ors _J______…_ w_ cause iLLcaers L L L IrazLU *y to touiras L Ls 1t L L': L''J.c'LLLr- -8 .L the future, seasonality can be expected to increase. 13. Precise data on visitor itineraries within Senegal are not available, but in view or tne small number or accosmmodation raciiities outside the Cap Vert region and their low occupancy rates, it seems rea- sonable to supposeEtnat most visitors stay in or around Dakar. About 4,000 entries were registered at the game park of Niokkolo-Koba in 1968, and of these, 3,200 stayed in the hotel accommodations of the park about 3 days on the average. However, many of these may have been domestic tourists. There are two weekly sea-and-river cruises to other parts of the country during the good season: from Dakar to the Casamance and back on the "Cap Skirring" and from Saint-Louis to Podor and back on the "Bou el Mogdad." The capacity of the Cap Skirring is 40 passengers and that of the Bou el Mogdad 48 passengers. Data on the total number of visitors to the Casamance in the south and to Podor in the north on these boats are not available, but given the capacity of the boats, the frequency of the cruises and the high fares, the total number of passengers could not exceed 3,000 and is probably much lower. Some visitors may use other means of transportation, but their number is not known. The occupancy rates of som.e of the regional hotels are low-, suggesting thrat v,is4itor-s to Senegal limit themselves for the most part to Dakar and the surrounding area. 'tourist Facilities 14. Hotels. Total hotel canacity in Senegal is approximately 800 roo[,s wtit 1,150 beds, concentratedL in Dlak-ar and the surround.l1ng reg.lon. The mission estimates that of this total, no more than 430 rooms with 750 beus can be consULUderedu suitaLLe fior fLore'Lgn visitors. WithL t1Ihe exception of the Village de N'Gor, which was built in 1966 to accommodate the dele- gates to tLhe Frestival M[Londial de rts leres LLeld in Dcralka, LnL .J ad- ditions to capacity occurred in Senegal in the past decade. A number of -- - _ _ _ L~ proj ects we-re C 0fltHLUpi LtdU, Lut norLe 'has yeLt bteen r ealized. 15. r thle 75V Deus suitable L'or LoreUgnLvitUorts, U0V are lLcated in a few hotels in Dakar and the others are scattered tlhroughout the rest o th'leLf country. Tabie U shows the geographi..ca'L breaLKd0wnLU Of oLULrLsL ac- commodation facilities. Table 6: GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF TOURIST ACCOMMODATION FACILITIES IN SENEGAL, 90608-L-969 Rooms Deus Cap Vert Region 386 659 Hotel de N'Gor (Dakar) 153 257 Hotel de la Croix du Sud (Dakar) 63 82 Village de Nt Cor (Dakar) 100 200 Other 70 120 Casamance Region 15 30 Senegal River Region 15 30 Eastern Region 15 30 Source: Mission estimate. 16. The Societe Africaine Immobiliere et Hoteliere (S.A.I.H.), which owns the Hotel de N'Gor and the Village de N'Gor, is at present expanding the capacity of both. A whole floor with 10 rooms and 6 luxury suites - 32 beds - is being added to the hotel and is expected to be ready for guest occupancy by February 1970. In addition, the hotel is to be completely - 9 - air-conditioned and refurnished by the end of 1970. The cost of the im- provements at the Hotel de N'Gor is expected to be CFAF 300 million ($1.1 million). One third of the total cost will be financed from the S.A.I.H.'s funds, another third from a loan made to the S.A.I.H. by the Caisse Centrale de Cooperation Economique, and the rest from a rent advance paid to the S.A.I.H. by the Relais Aeriens Francais, which manages the hotel, in return for a ten-year extension of its management agreement. In the Village, 50 new bungalows with 100 beds and a restaurant are under construction and scheduled to be in operation by the end of 1969. Construction of another 50 bungalows will begin soon thereafter and is to be completed by the end of February 1970. The exnansion of the Village is to cost approximately CFAF 150 million ($550,000) and will be financed by the S.A. I.1-. 17. Some Regional CharacteriRticA. Four reaions have been des- ignated by the Senegalese authorities as the principal tourist centers of Senepal! the Can Vert in the center; the Senegal River Region in the north, the Casamance in the south, and the game park of Niokkolo-Koba in the east= Of these, the rap Vert- whirch inrclidesq Dakar. is the most de- veloped, in terms not only of superstructure but of infrastructure as wiell,- antd will hb tthe main fntciis nf future develnpment effnrtQ A va- riety of activities are available to the visitor, including all the sea activities (slmi.ng, fishing, etc.) and .mny possible short (one-dayc or less) excursions to nearby coastal towns and villages, such as M'Bour and Joal-Fadiouth. The Island of Goree is only 25 minutes away by ferry and Is very interesting to visit. 10. Saint-Louis, the capital of the Senegal River Region, is located a-t some 300 kilom,eters fro.. Dakar and is- -41- -cessibleby road, raii or air. The countryside between Dakar and Saint-Louis is flat and not very scenic, however. Sair.t-Louis (70,00-0 inh-abitants) has an 4nterest- ing past, and the rest of the region is picturesque, but tourist amen- ities are limited. 19. Zigu LA *U-s-th -4p of the asaan^e,L- -.- -is - -4-at.-l1y 450 kilometers from Dakar, but the trip can take more time than this distance would Jind icate, itf the ferries usedA to cross the (3amlliU and Casa.,.ar.ce Rivers ale not in working order or are delayed. Ziguinchor can be reach- eA by road1, pJlane -up to DC-32J's) anlu boat . ThLLLer,.aLn attractions ofL theLL Casamance are its tribal folklore (e.g. fetishism) and its scenery which remr,.ains greenL- t I Ir 0uOh he year ThMU_n,a Ca Skrlg a-- b._---each £ ~LIL~LL~~~IL I LUUr ILUUL. $-IL= * J.ALLM , J .rZ.L L L. LLA15, a PutLLIL.Lal.u 'iL resort, is not too distant from Ziguinchor, although the state of the U.iLrt roadu linkl'ing tLlem, andU of. the twoU'err'Les usedU to cross r'r. L brLaLlctesUL between them makes access quite difficult. There is an 800-meter dirt rurLway at tLle Cap, so that smi-allA. aircraftL can 'LandU there. Tihe'L tour'Lst amenities which exist there now are minimal, but at least two private in- vestors are going ahead WILh LthI iLnSLlatiLonLU ui a iew ULugaLows adIu a number of others have shown interest. 20. The game park of Niokkolo-Koba is about 600 kilometers to the east of Dakar. The journey to the park can be undertaken by plane, by road, or by train to Tambacounda and by road the rest of the way (or 120 kms). The journey by road can be quite uncomfortable, since only the port[Lon of thL1le roadu Lfror DakLSa rL.U toL.LLMae.m (300J J .L:)iaJspLhLLteU. LLth game park is almost 5,000 square kilometers in area, and shelters a small variety of anim-,al and bird species. Efforts are now being made to bring new or extinct species back into the park, as well as to in- crease its size. The park i8 opten from Decemuer LU JUne. IranspOrta- tion facilities within the park are quite limited. The overnight facil- ities Corsist of a small hotel at SLmentLi, andU LwO ruulmenLary camps at Niokkolo and Badi (total capacity: 25 rooms and 25 bungalows). 21. Internal Transportation. The road network in Senegal includes some 2,000 kilometers of asphalted roads wnich can be used throughout the year and another 2,000 kilometers of dirt roads which are usable seven or eight months out of tne year. bome or cnese roaas are only wide enough for one car, but, as traffic is generally light (there are about 36,000 cars in use in the whole country), this is not much of a problem. The Regie des Transports du Senegal has 25 buses (5 very com- fortable Mercedes with a capacity of 41 and 20 adequate Berliets with a capacity of 31) which can be used for tourist transport, but this capacity is at present in excess of demand. The airport at Saint-Louis can ac- commodate Caravelles, that at Ziguinchor DC-3rs, and there are a number of smaller airports scattered throughout the country which can handle lighter aircraft. 1/ Air Senegal, a privately-owned airline company, with 3 DC-3's and 7 smaller aircratt (total capacity: 145 passengers) maintains fairly regular services within the country. The railway net- work is good where it exists, and passenger service will improve soon when new passenger cars are obtained under the International Develop- ment Association Credit to the Railways. The Regie des Chemins de Fer du Senegal plans to promote intra-country and inter-country tourist travel as a way of increasing railroad traffic, and in June 1969, set up its own travel agency for this purpose. River transport is limited. III. TOURISM IN THE 1969-73 DEVELOPMENT PLAN Plan Targets 22. The statistical base used in the Plan for projecting visitor numbers in the next several years is unclear. A 10% average annual growth rate is assumed. This is not an extrapolation of past trends, as these can be only very incompletely discerned from available information. Judging from the experience of other countries in Africa and elsewhere, however, this rate may be attained or even exceeded, given well-conceived policies for tourism promotion and appropriate additions to capacity. In the absence of data distinguishing visitors from other arrivals, a projection of visitors in the future is not possible. A tentative proiection of hotel arrivals is feasible, however, through the application of this rate to the hotel arrival 1! The number of commercial aircraft movements at Saint-Louis and Ziguin- - 11 - figure for 1967 (latest exact figure available). The result would be about 50,000 hotel arrivals in 1973. The number of visitor arrivals will probably be higher. 23. There is no attempt in the Plan to relate contemplated invest- ments to the projected demand. The tourism investment program seems to have been arrived at by adding up the costs of various projects envisaged by public and private investors. No significant investments in infra- structure proposed in the Plan have tourism as their primary justifica- tion. 1/ Proposed spending on tourism development consists principally of hotels, bungalow villages and game park improvements and additions, and is projected at over CFAF 5 billion (US$18 million) during the Plan pe- riod. 2/ This is phased as follows: Table 7: DEVELOPMENT EXPENDITURES ON TOURISM, 1969-73-/ (in CFAF million) Regions 1969/70 1970/71 1971/72 1972/73 Total Cap-Vert 1,780 2,055 60 - 3,895 Casamance 60 88 10 250 408 Senegal River 102.5 152.5 60 10 325 East Senegal 120 71 44 45 280 Thies 64 35 - - 99 Sine-Saloum 53 - - - 53 Diourbel .7.5 7.5 8.5 20 43.5 Total 2,187 2,409 182.5 325 5,103.5 a/ The figures reported here do not correspond exactly to those in the Plan because of typographical errors in the latter. Source: Projet de IIIe Plan Quadriennal de Developpement Economigue et Social, 1969-73, Rev. Ed., pp. 221-225. 1/ Approximately CFAF 50 mill-Lon ($180,500) are planned for airport improvement at Simenti, Cap Skirring, and Niokkolo. 2/ To -14 #--+--tota lus beAzdedA CFAF 115 million ($4A15,000) whi-ch the Regie des Chemlns de Fer envisages spending on the construction of h-otels in Thiles, Tambacou.;da, Saint-Louis an' Lagee 'o efforts ILL JI iL L L LL-L I u A.kkUiAJiU4L Al L. LAU L,ILL6Ut'L ~*- "U~J.LU seem to have been made to integrate these proposed investments with tLLe o vera_ _. 1progra__i. - 12 - 24. The Plan envisages a trebling of Senegal's present capacity in rooms and beds. This includes three luxury-class hotels, with 778 rooms between them, which are being considered for Dakar. The other projects contemplated consist of small middle-level hotels, lodges and bungalow villages, scattered throughout Senegal. The projects envisaged in the Plan are not assigned any order of priority. Approximately three-fifths of the investment program is expected to be financed from outside sources, in the form of loans and grants mainly to the Senegalese Government. The Government would finance another fifth from its own resources, and private investors the rest. Table 8: BREAKDOWN OF TOURISM INVESTMENT PROGRAM BY SOURCE OF FINAINCING, 1969-73 (CFAF MILLIONS) Private investments 1,118 Semi-public investments Internally financed 930 Externally financed 3,055.5 3,985.5 Total 5,103.5 Source: Ibid. Project Proposals 25. The three luxury-class hotel projects proposed for Dakar will, if realized, together absorb three-fifths of total planned investments. Two of these projects - the Hotel de !'Union and the Sheraton Hlotel pro- jects - would require a financial contribution from the Senegalese Gov- ernment and the third, the Cedar Hotel, is to be a private venture spon- sored by local businessmen. 26. The Hotel de l'Union Company (S.P.H.U.) was created on March 26, 1969 to obtain the necessary financing for the Hotel de l'Union and to supervise the preparation and implementation of the project. As of No- vember 6, 1969, the paid-up capital of the Company was CFAF 20 million ($72,000). The Government of Senegal had a majority participation; other participants were Air Afrique, Union Touristiaue et Hoteliere (the tourism and hotel arm of the privately-owned French airline, Union des Transports Aeriens), and Union Senegalaise de Banque. The Hotel is to be erected in the heart of Dakar (about 100-150 yards from the Place de l'Independance) and is to be linked by underground tunnel to the beach. The Hotel's capa- city is expected to be 250 rooms (15 floors) and to include a convention hall, restaurants, a night-club and some beach facilities. Its cost is estimated at CFAF 1,500 million ($5.45 million). The shareholders of the S.P.H.U. intend to put up close to half of the total cost of the project in equity capital and to borrow the rest of the necessary capital abroad. The Union Touristique et Hoteliere will manage the hotel once it is com- nleted. - 13 - c- I * LI~Lie 11citswiULL V j9 Y.L I.~ L . UV Vi1AU..LM=LA%..=1A IJF Ioli4U V JA(C" Company for Tourism and Hotel Development (S.S.D.T.H.), which was estab- lished in July 1969 for this g-urpose. As of November U6,1969, the paid-up capital of the S.S.D.T.H. was CFAF 49.4 million ($178,340), evenly distribu- ted between the Government of Senegal and two private American in-vestors. l/ The Hotel is to be built on the beach near a fashionable residential area of Dakar, about 5 or 6 kilometers away from tne center of town and will be laid out like a motel (no more than 2 floors). The total capacity of the hotel will be 208 rooms once it is completed, but its construction is to take place in two separate stages of 104 rooms each. The comple- tion of the first stage is projected for the end of 1970, but in view of the stage of preparation of the project, it is unlikely that this will be realized. The total cost of the two stages is estimated at CFAF 750 million ($2.73 million). A large proportion of the cost will be financed from equity capital. It is not yet fully clear how the remainder is to be financed. The Sheraton Hotel Corporation will manage the Hotel once it is completed. 28. While these two projects have been discussed for a number of years without any effective action, the third, the Cedar Hotel project, has only been under consideration since last year. The Hotel is to be located at a distance of less than 1 kilometer from the center of Dakar and is expected to cost CFAF 991 million ($3.6 million) 2/ for 320 rooms (16 floors) and accompanying facilities. Financing is to come from local entrepreneurs. Comments on the Plan 29. The phasing of the tourism investment program is somewhat un- realistic. Over 90% of the total investment envisaged for the sector in the Plan is scheduled to be made during the first two years. Given the progress to date and the stage of preparation of most of the projects in- cluded in the Plan, this goal is unlikely to be attained. 30. The size of the program also appears unrealistically large in view of the mission's estimated increase in demand, which is consistent with that of the Plan and warrants at most a 55-65 per cent increase in capacity. There seems to be a market for no more than two luxury-class hotels in Dakar, with a total number of rooms ranging from 300 to 350. The S.A.I.H. is seeking to convert the Hotel de N'Gor into a deluxe hotel by the end of 1970, in cooperation with the managers of the Hotel (Les Relais Aeriens Francais). One additional luxury-class hotel, with a maximum of 200 rooms, may be warranted. 1/ Different sources gave the mission different figures for the paid-up capital of the company. The source used in this report is the Com- missaire General. 2/ The cost estimate used here was obtained from the investors. The estimate renorted in the Plan is CFAF 800 million ($2.9 million). - 1L4 - 31. If the proportion of holiday visitors in total visitor traffic to Senegal is to increase, simpler accommodation facilities will be re- quired on the beaches. Hovever, before proceeding with investments in -7acilities of this kind, the Senegalese authorities ought to consult with tour operators concerning the price range which would make possible com- petitive inclusive tour packages and the types of amenities expected by tourists for these prices. 32. The priority accorded the Cap-Vert vis-a-vis the other regions appears sound, although the size and the distribution of the envisaged investments is also questionable here. Shortage of facilities is most felt in the Cap-Vert. The Cap-Vert is the region most easily accessible from abroad with the most developed infrastructure and the availability of a variety of amenities for foreign visitors. IV. ORGANIZATION OF TOURISM The Role of the Public and Private Sectors 33. At the government level, the responsibility for developing tourism rests primarily with the newly-created Commissariat General au Tourisme (see Appendix D for organizational chart of the Commissariat. The Cwmmissariat was established on June 18, 1969 and consists of a Com- missaire General who reports directly to the President of the Republic, and a Direction du Tourisme which, until then, had been a department with- in the Ministry of Commerce, Handicrafts and Tourism. A consultative coun- cil on tourism groups public and private interests in the field of tourism and related fields, but its functions are not well-defined. In formulating the tourism development plan the Ministry of Planning and Industry plays an important role, and, insofar as public funds are required, the Ministry of Finance is directly concerned. 34. At the parastatal level, a number of companies exist for pro- ject organization and execution. The Hotel de l'Union Company and the Senegalese Company for Tourism and Hotel Development have already been discussed in some detail in connection with their respective hotel pro- lects. The Plan envisaged the creation of a new semi-public company for the promotion of tourism, but it has been decided to entrust this func- tion to the Societe Africaine Immobiliere et Hoteliere (S.A.I.H.). 35. The S.A.I.H. was created in the earlv 1990's to supervise the construction of the Hotel de N'Gor which was completed in 1954, and, more recently, has become involved in nther nroiecta- The S.A.ITH. hae a capital of CFAF 290,410,000 ($1.05 million) distributed as follows amo-n the various shareholders: - 15 - Table 9: PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF S.A.I.H. SHARE CAPITAL, 1969 Government of Senegal 56 Caisse Centrale de Cooperation Economique 20 Relnis Aeriens Francais 17 Others 7 100 SouIre: S=A.TI-. 36. The S.A.-TM ic present-ly the nnly7 investment group activulu proceeding with additions to capacity in the Cap-Vert region, but the investment funds at its disposal are small. An increase in its share capital is being discussed, and the Senegalese authorities intend to seek foreig.n assistar.ce, ir.cludir.g, LL,vrld Bar.k Grour assistanrce, for this purpose. Given its previous experience and the dynamism of its officers, the S.A.I.H. seems wellsuitedtobecomeaGover,tent4nstrument In.the promotion of the tourist industry. However, its staff will have to be in- creased if it is to succeed in perfoM,.ng 4its new functions. 37. At the regional level, the C' 1s--- in with the establishment of a Syndicat d'Initiative et de Tourisme for each regiLon,~~JAJL -wl4icWIWLL±i Lwilll WJ.L4 groupLJ i interested_1nt) rLL st eL d jir.dividuals,LLIUL.LV.LLUUCL.L0, IutLDUL the_L.11 £fuct4:so UL_L .AL'J-L&Li %.J.L 5 these various Syndicats are unclear. The National Game Park of Niokkolo- jIJ -I,D <£U111'1LteredL U U asmIalciv 's'a: L ' 1 LLICt Ud C: I y acd LJ CtorUL W`Llo i' UdirL c ly responsible to the President of the Republic. 38. The Direction du Tourisme owns and operates eight small hotels irn all oJ Senegal and has its own tour operating company. The other hotels are privately owned and managed. The tour operating companies are mainly pAprivte ' VA LGC vetureVClLL UL CO cias .L'O'Ls_ L¶L r -SeeaCL1C6,.L . LAICt lll loAla IJUi d 'd a.La _Lr'_A_1 LLXLn. C ._ ujuDJUB_D. ;LAtr aLLOjJL^Ansporatio Ld LLULl is handled by the Regie des Transports du Senegal, which is a division in th-e Minijstry of' Publicwrs .I Th Lsate-rur Ecole Hoteliere, -WhLch ex'sts siace November 1960, is the only training center for hotel and restaurant personnel in Senegal. T.~~. I~~. J I -J2 - -3 / " n f I1 I I..¶ -J .- -.. '(I Fi e -7 f0- - -_ i .j, ILts buuudget is rliited (rFAr 6..L14 mifL.LI.on1 iL1 199070/U, as oppueu Lt LCrAr 7 million for the previous year) and its output per year is very small (from 13 to 15 graduates per year who have completed the school's 3-year course of study). The School at present prepares low-level kitchen staff and waiters. The Commissariat General agrees with the mission that an expan- sion in the courses and fields of study offered and an upgrading of the staff and facilities of the scnool will be necessary ir Senegalization of the tourist industry is to proceed very far. Efforts at Senegalization should, however, proceed at a pace compatible with the maintenance of standards of efficiency, couctesy and service in the industry at the high- est possible level. - 16 - The Climate for Investment 40. The main complaint voiced by potential private investors and others in Senegal is that the Government has seemed unwilling to grant them special privileges to encourage them to undertake investments in this field. The Government's attitude has been a reflection in part of the fact that the requests have not been considered economically jus- tified, and in part of the fact that there were no clearly-formulated policies and procedures in this field. The Senegalese authorities are investigating ways in which the present provisions of the Code des In- vestissements can be made more directly applicable to tourism investments and in which the administrative red-tape required before investors are able to benefit from these provisions can be decreased. 41. The adequacy of present credit facilities also needs to be examined to determine whether the demand for credit by investors in tourism development requires an expansion of these facilities, preferably at longer term (10-12 years). At present, loans for hotel construction are made by the Central Bank of West African States (B.C.E.A.0.) and are repayable in 5 years at 5-7 per cent interest per year. Moreover, in- vestors are required to put up 50 per cent of the project cost if the cost exceeds CFAF 5 million ($18,000). Policies for Tourism Development 42. The development of the tourist industry in Senegal will depend not only on the implementation of a realistic investment program in tour- ist accommodation and related facilities but also on the application of well-conceived Government policies. (a) The importance of reducing the level of air fares to stimulate tourist demand and of adapting existing in- centives and creating new ones to encourage potential investors has been discussed elsewhere in this report and the recommendations made will not be repeated here. The same applies to the need for greater efforts in the training field. (b) Special measures such as government price and quality control of hotels. restaurants and other tourist serv- ices are needed to reduce the adverse effect of the high nrire level of the countrv. (c) An easing of present customs and police formalities at entr-y a,nd deprture 4c required The missinn wa8 in- formed that the Government envisages adherence in the near Pftue toe at ome of twhe existing interna4iornal co-n= ventions designed to facilitate tourist travel. Appli- cation oP 4-,e provisions of these conven4- o.s4 11e e the administrative formalities with which visitors have X. a lr]1-'Is 1-,7 - 17I - (d) Efforts to publicize Senegal as a possible tourist des- tination have to be undertaken, preferably in collabora- tion with tour operators in Senegal and in the market countries. There would be economies in joint promotion efforts with other West African countries. (e) The Government must protect areas with tourism potential against undesirable uses and developments, and should in- vestigate whether the legal instruments it has at its disposal are sufficient for this purpose or not. For in- stance, such things as sewerage discharge close to beaches (e.g. some beaches in Dakar) cannot be allowed to go on if Senegal's attractions are to preserved. (f) Comprehensive statistical data on visitor traffic and its characteristics, and on existing accommodation and present bottlenecks must be collected 1/ to improve the basis for investment planning. The Commissariat General au Tourisme has an important role to play in all of these undertakings, but this will require an increase in its budget for staff and other expenditures. Regional Tourism Possibilities 43. Air Afrique is moving ahead with the establishment of a subsidi- ary company for the encouragement of the development of regional tourism in West Africa. This company, called Societe de Developpement Hotelier et Touristique de l'Afrique de l'Ouest (HOTAFRIC), will have a share capi- tal of CFAF 20 million ($72,000), subscribed primarily by Air Afrique (51 per cent) and a French-owned company, Societe de Transports Africains (SODETRAF) (34 per cent). The main functions of HOTAFRIC would include identi- fication and preparation of specific projects, participation in corporations created specifically for the purpose of implementing individual projects, and the conduct of discussions with international and/or national financial agencies with a view to obtaining necessary debt capital. HOTAFRIC would have very significant tourism developmental rights in the region. The po- tential of regional tourism has yet to be fully explored, however. V. THE RETURNS FROM TOURISM Foreign Exchange Earnings 44. No data on Senegal's earnings of foreign exchange from tourism are available. The mission's estimate is based on estimates of average 1/ An elaborate statement of the types of statistics necessary and the means to collect them can be found in The Draft Report of the Find- ings and Recommendations of the Expert Group on International Travel Statistics (IUOTO, Tokyo, 1967). - 18 - lengths of stay and of average daily expenditures. The number of hotel arrivals is used as a proxy for the number of visitor arrivals which is probably higher but is not known. Assuming an average length of stay of three days and an average daily expenditure of CFAF 5,500 ($20) per hotel arrival, hotel earnings were CFAF 0.47 billion (28,240 x 3 x 5,500) or $1.7 million in 1967 and CFAF 0.51 billion (31,000 x 3 x 5,500) or $1.85 million in 1968. These estimates must be regarded as very approximate in view of the uncertainty of the assumptions on which they are based. Earn- ings from tourism represented a very small proportion (about 1 per cent) of earnings from exports of goods and services. Net foreign exchange earnings are probably less in view of the large import component in tourist consumption. Employment 45. Tourism is not a large employer of labor in Senegal. The number of workers directly employed probably does not exceed more than a thousand out of a total of some 135,000 gainfully employed in the econ- omy. If secondary employment is taken into account as well (sales of handicrafts and other local products to tourists), the impact on the economy is of course wider. The Plan indicates that all of the proiects envisaged will result in the creation of approximately 1,030 new jobs. Economic Returns 46. Existing hotels in Dakar, on the whole, appear to be earning satisfactory returns. This is related to the rise in occupancy rates in recent years. These are fairly high in view of experience elsewhere. The regional hotels and other accommodation facilities have lower occu- pancy rates, but they compensate for this by charging high prices and by operating restaurants which cater not only to hotel customers but also to local inhabitants. Data on returns on investments made by tour op- erators. travel agents and other tourist oriented arouns are lacking. Con clu4n~1o 47. The contribution of toitrism to ouitpnut and to foreign exchange earnings is still small and only recently has the Senegalese Government started to pay increased attention to 4it drevelopment. ITn v4e of 4ts favorable climate and pleasant beaches, its general accessibility and 4f-s polit4-1 a-d -cial establity, Sennegl -husld beSoi o1Aet- attrc .1 ;. -__ W;_ -_Lr _ _ __J _.E,_-._v-, v vc more visitors from abroad given suitable promotion activities and ap- propriate expansion of hoLtelc APPENDIX A Page 1 A NOTE ON AIR TRANSPORTATION COSTS 1. Scheduled inclusive tour (ITX) fares are special fares author- i2zed under International Air Transport Association (IATA) rules for the round-trip transportation by scheduled carrier and the accommodation and menll8 for a sneeifie neriod of time at the tourist destination of indi- vidual tourists or groups of tourists. IATA-approved inclusive tour fares available in 1067 to different regions of Sub-Saharan African from Europe and the Middle East are summarized below. Table I: IATA-APPROVED ITX FARES AVAILABLE 1967-1969 FROM APETMIRTnnr.R RART TO THR SPECIFIED DESTINATIONS Tour Price Destination Description Air Fare Time Limit Minimum East, Central & Individual IT 33.3% off round 14-45 days, IT package piouth'. A L%..C trip. econoym All VyAr not leas fare than 100% of round trip econ- nmv fare ~.&~a..,o ~...... --. Tml .. 4 n4 CCI _-P )A...A gn-we Minimim t7 J,aztL CeUtral & %J.LV IT, Amini- .1-3J -L- .", Sout' Africa 1/ mum 12 passen- economy fare for all year per day for gers each leg of the other ex- round trip penses Kenya, Uganda Group IT, mini- 50% of on-way 14-30 days, Minimum $7 Tanzania and mum 15 passen- econamy fare Oct. 1 to per day for Ethiopia 2/ gers for each leg of March 31 other ex- 4--h -. A +rp4pes West Africa 3' GrOup I, -, 33 3% round '=0d 8 IT package minimum 4 trip economy Nov. 1 to not less passengers ^fare AprIl 30 of round 4tr4p econ= omy fare 1/ Excluding Congo (Kinshasa), Rwanda and Buruudi. 21 From Scandinavia and Finland only and for those holding passports from these states. 3/ Including Senegal. 4/ Individual IT;s were available only for 5 West African co-untries: Gambia, Ghana, Liberia, Nigeria and Sierra Leone. Source: International Civil Aviation Organization, Development of Inter- national Air Passenger Travel - Arica, ICAO Circuiar 80-AT/13, Montreal 1967, p. 45- APPENDIX A Page 2 The higher air transport cost reduction authorized by IATA and the lower cost of living have given East Africa an edge over West Africa in the competition for tourists. A comparison of the prices of inclusive tour packages to Kenya and Senegal offered by the Societe de Tourisme Aerien International (SOTAIR), an affiliate of Air France, is given below. Table II: PRICES OF COMPARABLE IT'S TO KENYA AND TO SENEGAL 1969/70 (US$ 1.00 = FRENCH FRANCS 5.54) Origin & Destination Type of Accommodation Duration Price Paris-Dakar-Paris Beach Hotel (half pension) 8 days from 1530 FF 15 days from 1830 FF Paris-Mcmbasa-Paris Beach Hotel (half pension) 9 days from 1385 FF 16 days from 1555 FF Source: SOTAIR (Paris) The Senegalese authorities should consider possible ways in which the air fare component in the scheduled inclusive tours to Senegal can be decreased. 2. Non-scheduled inclusive tour fares are similar to scheduled IT fares in all asneerts exeepnt thrtee: they are not authnrized hy TATA; the round trip transportation is done by chartered aircraft; and very large groups of tourists, rsnging frrm 85 to 18, a-re involvepti. Ghartered Pair carriers generally operate with very high load factors and thus can charge ver-, low faes, sin.ce their f -e.Q have nnlv to covr operating CQat8 nluis * -. …~~~~~~~~~~'- .... --.-- , ---- _. -_.r------C --- a reasonable profit margin. Charter IT's have been a very important stim- ulant to tou-ism develrpmert thr+ughout the v ,in snme _ sueh na Tunisia and Spain, overshadowing the role of scheduled IT's. (On a small scale, tosm Adeveo-pment 4n +t'h Yoami4, Senegal's ,J r,h,^ hoas benefit ed from Charter IT's.) Charter IT's to Senegal are being introduced for the first time this year. A Swiss tour operator == lVoages Kuoni, S .A. has scheduled fortnightly charter flights between Zurich and Dakar from Dtecmber 1ansiia tours offre197ec by3, A c areson b stien pricesbelw or these and similar tours offered by the same company is given below. APPENDIX A Page 3 Table III: CHARTER IT PRICES OFFERED BY VOYAGES KUONI TO DIFTERENT DESTINATIONS, 1969/70 (US$ 1.00 = SWISS FRANCS 4.32) Origin and Destination Type of Accommodation Duration Price Zurich-Dakar-Zurich Beach Hotel (full pension) 2 weeks from 1350 Sw F Zurich-Palma de Ma,1orque-Zurich Beach Hotel (full pension) 2 weeks from 670 Sw F Zurich-Las Palmas- Zurich Beach Hotel (full pension) 2 weeks from 1180 Sw F Zurich-Hammamet-Zurich Beach Hotel (full pension) 2 weeks from 696 Sw F Zurich-Mombasa-Zurich Beach Hotel (full pension) 2 weeks from 1890 Sw F Source: Voyages Kuoni, S.A. (Zurich) Whether tour operators in Europe will offer more charter IT's to Senegal will depend on th.e rsailta Of this first venture, on the libhersalization of the present Senegalese regulations regarding charter flights, and final- ly on the-- t-re availability of suffieient facilities to accommodate such a large influx of tourists. 3. One obstacle to the growth of charter traffic to Senegal is the diffiCUl+- Gie -- 4pr+rinc---- ir. obani -4l1h .T ------~~~~~~~~~~..4.- -n4.. -taff4^ea -_ a -0 -- for their charters. In general, government restrictions on non-scheduled op-erasti-ons are imposed at the points of orrigin andi/or 4eina+4,o- ad are designed to protect, the operators of scheduled services. A study of in- clusive to+iw-services -ndertaken by the Interratior.' Pr4 Air4a4tin ganization (ICAO) in 1962 concluded that "non-scheduled inclusive tour se .ices are not necess a,4 1y detrr4- enta to the nSC',,a 1ed cna riers (sn^4e they usually tap a different market) and have on the contrary, in some cases at least, been the forr …&-Oe d 0. Ve.;lces, vuz 5e-- erating new traffic for the scheduled carriers." 1/ The Senegalese au- +hor4+iea.se refor a, g iv e sympchat $4c. a..a.4&at.. %.au w plic4.atio for traffic rights from charter tour operators. 4. A further check to the development of more charter IT's to uSenegal. i 4n11fclnctis of hL y vL UsJc. UJUAliJLnUi A foA Jlargi.LuAA of tourists. Charter IT's involve the movement of tourists by the plane- -&A la^ ------.loadu vary'nug fLrULom t,o 180UUP LO Upaseners'.j V u h type of cLraLft. 1/ See ICA0, Development of International Air Passenger TrafIiC - Africa, ibid., pp. 29-30. AirrLJ.LX A Page 4 used. i/ Only Dakar nas racilities or tne size ana type neeaea ror sucn large numbers of tourists but even Dakar's facilities are limited. Some progress in the expansion of capacity in Dakar is Deing made, and a great deal more is envisaged. The speed with which this expansion is realized and the quality of the additional capacity will play an important role in the growth of charter IT's to Senegal. A Further Note on Air Transportation Costs 5. New IATA-approved fares came into effect as of May 1, 1969, but these fares still effectively discriminate against Central and West Africa in favor of Eastern Africa. This is particularly evident when one compares the IT cost per passenger-kilometer to the various regions from different points in Europe and New York. A comparison of the new fares is given below. Table IV(a): Air Fares from Europe to Selected Points in Eastern Africa Distance Economy Group Special (km) Round Trip IT Fare IT Group US$ cents per US$ cents per US$ cents per Pass/km pass/km pass/km From Frankfurt 12 passengers 15 passengers To Dar es Salaam 7024 750.60 5.3 412.80 2.9 338.40 2.4 Entebbe 6034 700.20 5.8 385.10 3.2 283.20 2.3 Nairobi 6356 711.40 5.6 391.20 3.1 288.00 2.3 From London 25 passengers To Dar es Salaam 7494 750.60 5.0 353.90 2.4 295.10 2.0 Entebbe 6481 700.20 5.4 330.20 2.5 240.00 1.9 Nairobi 6826 711.40 5.2 335.40 2.2 244.80 1.8 From Paris 15 passengers To Dar es Salaam 7164 745.00 5.2 409.70 2.9 338.40 2.4 Entebbe 6174 700.20 5.7 385.00 3.1 283.20 2.3 Nairobi 6496 706.00 5.4 388.40 3.0 288.00 2.2 1/ The principal types of aircraft used for charter flights are: Caravelles 83 passengers BAC-l-ll 109 passengers vc-10 132 passengers Convair Coronado 134-143 passengers Boeing 707 183 passengers APPENDIX A Page 5 Table IV(b): Air Fares between Europe and Selected Points in West Africa Distance Economy (km) Round Trip IT Group of 4 IT Group of 12 US$ cents per US$ cents per US$ cents per pass/km pass/km pass/km From Frankfurt To Abidjan 5288 543.20 5.0 345.00 3.3 299.00 2.8 nDekar 45R8 464 -80 51 29S.00 3l2 2S6=0 2=8 Frnm T.Lndon To Abidjan 5405N 5;4Q 0n 5.1 386 3.2 320 2.8 Dakar 4350 464.80 5.3 285.10 3.3 255.90 2.9 From Paris To Abidjan 5069 549.00 5.4 343.60 3.4 302.00 3.0 Dakar 4206 442.40 5.3 281.10 3.3 243.50 2.9 Table IV(c):N .Dxbdi Fares croml Ne- York to Ezst anA rT.est- Africa Des tin a -i on Distancefl_)T Economy RX0 %A,nd Ir_ip Loes ITMGopae all Season US$ cents per US$ cents per pass/Ian pass/km Dar es Salaam 12,845 1100 4.3 654 2.5 LI lfC . C Ci. . Er.tebbi =e L1197J L.LO 4.04~~1 654 2.7Z. I Nairobi 12,177 1100 4.5 654 2.7 AbidJAn_ '7 nC5 810 A. I 451 2.80 Au.LUJ...dLLL I , .JOA.L .J. L 4JL,. Dakar 6,134 690 5.6 399 3.3 Source: United Nations Economic and Social Council, Economic Commission for A. r _ 0_.rxsm_ e_ a ..a - F ,-,. , .. ...N , NS. aLrLca, ±uur±sm useve±opmnei ana Air Fare Policy, Dl L./ lrAD/3I, December 1, 1969, pp. 11, 12 and 14. APPRXDTY R_ PDTlPP ArP Wl'T.PriwflPR QIPNlP2T.lQ UrYPW'T-Q TNT ------_ w-_ irc-r- T1X ioARA-o (CFAF 278 = US$ 1.00) Price for 1 person Mvme rTocati-on nowu &-Bre '.-1 *4JU~~~.A.'.JIJ.L LI .L.L.7'J J.AiJ.9W.LU -0W 14 A .Jotel I TI I, ... Gor..... D-U. .I IJ..0 J * A 7 .otefl..i delAlA.4. Co uS-uD- 7* St.LC il.7A-L tn -7 I14.8 0j 'Va 3.4j rt Hot1e'lCA-ubert IguCn1r 5.60 - 8. 3 Centre Touristique de la m Bour 430- 7.90 2.00 or Petite Cote 3.10 Hotel de la Residence Saint-Louis 6.50 - U.90 3.10 Relais de 1'Espadon Island of Coree 4.30 2.90 Hotel de Paris Kaolack 6.10 - 10.50 2.90 Hotel de Kahone Kaolack 4.90 - 7.80 2.90 Note: The hotels are ranked by the mission in the order of the quality of the accommodations and standards of upkeep and cleanliness. The standards of the top two hotels correspond to those usually found in 1A hotels in Europe. (The Hotel de N'Gor is being con- verted in a deluxe hotel as discussed in the report.) The last hotels mentioned have modest standards of cczfort and hygiene. We other C'ondi tions a' Sp4nt-Louis, 1966 Jan. Feb. M;ar. Aor.l1 High 33.0 35.9 33.3 31.6 30.2 30.9 30.6 31.7 31.7 33.1 33.0 31.7 Avera-ge 23.lh 25.8 25.3 2h,.B 24.9 26.1 27.2 28.6 28.1 28.3 27.1 2L.2 Low 13. 8 L5.8 17.3 18.0D 19.5 21.9 23.8 2',.2 2L .6 23.3 21.2 16.7 Humidity, % b6 h8 152 68 72 77 79 81 82 7.3 52 Precipi t tion No. of Days - 1 7 10 7 - 1 Height. in mm - - - 11 .3 9.3 117 101 197.5 - 1.6 Source: Ministere du Commerce de L'Artisanat et du. Tourisme December, 1969. C,i W,!eather Conditions n,t >-kea, 1966 Jan. Feb. Mar. Apri21 ay June Jully iAug. Sect. Oc't. [Nonv. Dec. T_rmperatures QC) High 26.0 27.8 26.5 25.9 27.7 29.,2 30.0 30.7 30.0 30.2 29.7 28.1 Avertnge. 21.2 22.5 22.1 22.L 24. L 25,8 27.27 27.8 27.1 27.1 26.7 2Lh. Low, 16.6 17.1 17.7 18.9 21.0 22,,5 2., 22L.9 2L,.1 21 .0 23.7 20.1 Humidity % 6 7 69 70 78 77 77 73 77 80 80 68 6' Precipit-!tion No. of Days - - - - 1 :3 1 10 16 10 - - Height in mm. - - - 0.2 32.4 2.9 139 267 153,2 Source: Ministere dua Commerce de L'Artisannt et du Tourisme December,, 1969 F-1 }eeather Conditions at Z4iguinchor, 1966 Jan. Feb. Mar. April maIy June Ju:Ly Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Temperptures Pc) High 3:2.9 36.5 37.0 35.8 36.1i 33.5 32.4 30.5 30.2 31.7 33.1 32;.6 Average 23.3 26.5 27.2 27.6 29.1 28.3 28.3 26.8 26.3 27.0C 26.7 2)1.2 Lowd - 13.8, 15.4 17.) 19. L -21.7 23.2 23.2 23.2 22.' 22.3 2G.3 13.9 Humi(ity d 55 57 5L 61 6 7:L 77 81 82 80 69 Prec ipitntion No. of Days - - - - _ 12 13 21 23 18 1 Height in n.-m. - - - - 0°2.3 173.0 467.8 5573.7 285.tiL I1.8 Source: Ministere du Commerce de L'Artisanimt e't du Tourisme December, 1969. HI! J 'SCDt 1c Weather Conditions ,t T,,mbtcc unda, L966 janl. Feb. Mler. kppril lley June July Aug. Se(V. C)ct. V. Dec. TEmperptures C) High 35.0 38.7 39.2 Ito. L4OL 3l4.8 33.0 31.6 31.2 33.t 35.L 3L.1 AvDcr g, 21±.2 28.0 30.0 32.1 32.9 29.5 25.3 27.5 276.L 7.2 26.7 2..7 Lovf 13.h1 17.3 20., 23.9 2,.9 2L,2 23,5. 23.- 21 .6 21 .0 li.`o 7 Humidity ' 3h 32 27 39 Li 66 75 79 82 73 56 Li Piecipitation 1L2 No. of Days - - - 2 19 10 17 23 Hieig,ht in mm. - - 6.6 192.0 159.1 129.8 288.1 207.1 Source: Ministere du Corimerce de L'Artisanat et, du Tourisme December, 1969. 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