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DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS Published July 30 Dis Aquat Org Oral pharmacological treatments for parasitic diseases of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. 11: Gyrodactylus sp. J. L. Tojo*, M. T. Santamarina Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Laboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, E-15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain ABSTRACT: A total of 24 drugs were evaluated as regards their efficacy for oral treatment of gyro- dactylosis in rainbow trout Oncorhj~nchusmykiss. In preliminary trials, all drugs were supplied to infected fish at 40 g per kg of feed for 10 d. Twenty-two of the drugs tested (aminosidine, amprolium, benznidazole, b~thionol,chloroquine, diethylcarbamazine, flubendazole, levamisole, mebendazole, n~etronidazole,mclosamide, nitroxynil, oxibendazole, parbendazole, piperazine, praziquantel, roni- dazole, secnidazole, tetramisole, thiophanate, toltrazuril and trichlorfon) were ineffective Triclabenda- zole and nitroscanate completely eliminated the infection. Triclabendazole was effective only at the screening dosage (40 g per kg of feed for 10 d), while nitroscanate was effective at dosages as low as 0.6 g per kg of feed for 1 d. KEY WORDS: Gyrodactylosis . Rainbow trout Treatment. Drugs INTRODUCTION to the hooks of the opisthohaptor or to ulceration as a result of feeding by the parasite. The latter is the most The monogenean genus Gyrodactylus is widespread, serious. though some individual species have a restricted distri- Transmission takes place largely as a result of direct bution. Gyrodactyloses affect numerous freshwater contact between live fishes, though other pathways species including salmonids, cyprinids and ornamen- (contact between a live fish and a dead fish, or with tal fishes, as well as marine fishes including gadids, free-living parasites present in the substrate, or with pleuronectids and gobiids. -
(12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2005/0065361A1 Deshmukh Et Al
US 2005OO65361A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2005/0065361A1 Deshmukh et al. (43) Pub. Date: Mar. 24, 2005 (54) PROCESS FOR PREPARING ALKYLARYL (22) Filed: Sep. 22, 2003 CHLOROFORMATES Publication Classification (76) Inventors: Abdul Rakeeb Abdul Subhan Deshmukh, Maharashtra (IN); Vikas (51) Int. Cl." ........................... C07C 69/74; C07C 69/96 Kalyanrao Gumaste, Maharashtra (IN) (52) U.S. Cl. .............................................................. 558/280 Correspondence Address: (57) ABSTRACT NIXON & VANDERHYE, PC The present invention discloses an improved method for the 1100 N GLEBE ROAD preparation of alky/aryl chloroformates directly from alco 8TH FLOOR hols and triphosgene. This method is simple, mild and ARLINGTON, VA 22201-4714 (US) efficient avoids use of hazardous phosgene. It can be used for the preparation of various aryl as well as alkyl chlorofor (21) Appl. No.: 10/665,410 mates in excellent yields. US 2005/0065361 A1 Mar. 24, 2005 PROCESS FOR PREPARING ALKYLARYL Maligres, K. C. Nicolau, W. Wrasidio Bioorg. Med. Chem. CHLOROFORMATES Lett. 1993, 3, 1051. (c) D. C. Horwell, J. Hughes, J. Hunter, M. C. Pritchard, R. S. Richardson, E. Roberts, G. N. FIELD OF THE INVENTION Woodruff J. Med. Chem., 1991, 34, 404 and tertiary amines as base H. Eckert, B. Forster, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 0001. The present invention relates to a process for 1987,26,894). Hydroquinone is also used in the preparation preparing alkyl/aryl chloroformates. More particularly, the of chloroformates from triphosgene G. Van den Mooter, C. present invention relates to a process for preparing com Samyn, R. Kinget Int. J. Pharm., 1993, 97, 133). -
Product List March 2019 - Page 1 of 53
Wessex has been sourcing and supplying active substances to medicine manufacturers since its incorporation in 1994. We supply from known, trusted partners working to full cGMP and with full regulatory support. Please contact us for details of the following products. Product CAS No. ( R)-2-Methyl-CBS-oxazaborolidine 112022-83-0 (-) (1R) Menthyl Chloroformate 14602-86-9 (+)-Sotalol Hydrochloride 959-24-0 (2R)-2-[(4-Ethyl-2, 3-dioxopiperazinyl) carbonylamino]-2-phenylacetic 63422-71-9 acid (2R)-2-[(4-Ethyl-2-3-dioxopiperazinyl) carbonylamino]-2-(4- 62893-24-7 hydroxyphenyl) acetic acid (r)-(+)-α-Lipoic Acid 1200-22-2 (S)-1-(2-Chloroacetyl) pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile 207557-35-5 1,1'-Carbonyl diimidazole 530-62-1 1,3-Cyclohexanedione 504-02-9 1-[2-amino-1-(4-methoxyphenyl) ethyl] cyclohexanol acetate 839705-03-2 1-[2-Amino-1-(4-methoxyphenyl) ethyl] cyclohexanol Hydrochloride 130198-05-9 1-[Cyano-(4-methoxyphenyl) methyl] cyclohexanol 93413-76-4 1-Chloroethyl-4-nitrophenyl carbonate 101623-69-2 2-(2-Aminothiazol-4-yl) acetic acid Hydrochloride 66659-20-9 2-(4-Nitrophenyl)ethanamine Hydrochloride 29968-78-3 2,4 Dichlorobenzyl Alcohol (2,4 DCBA) 1777-82-8 2,6-Dichlorophenol 87-65-0 2.6 Diamino Pyridine 136-40-3 2-Aminoheptane Sulfate 6411-75-2 2-Ethylhexanoyl Chloride 760-67-8 2-Ethylhexyl Chloroformate 24468-13-1 2-Isopropyl-4-(N-methylaminomethyl) thiazole Hydrochloride 908591-25-3 4,4,4-Trifluoro-1-(4-methylphenyl)-1,3-butane dione 720-94-5 4,5,6,7-Tetrahydrothieno[3,2,c] pyridine Hydrochloride 28783-41-7 4-Chloro-N-methyl-piperidine 5570-77-4 -
Second and Third Generation Oral Fluoroquinolones
Therapeutic Class Overview Second and Third Generation Oral Fluoroquinolones Therapeutic Class • Overview/Summary: The second and third generation quinolones are approved to treat a variety of infections, including dermatologic, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, respiratory, as well as several miscellaneous infections.1-10 They are broad-spectrum agents that directly inhibit bacterial deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis by blocking the actions of DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, which leads to bacterial cell death.11,12 The quinolones are most active against gram-negative bacilli and gram-negative cocci.12 Ciprofloxacin has the most potent activity against gram-negative bacteria. Norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin have limited activity against streptococci and many anaerobes while levofloxacin and moxifloxacin have greater potency against gram-positive cocci, and moxifloxacin has enhanced activity against anaerobic bacteria.11-12 Gemifloxacin, levofloxacin and moxifloxacin are considered respiratory fluoroquinolones. They possess enhanced activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae while maintaining efficacy against Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis and atypical pathogens. Resistance to the quinolones is increasing and cross-resistance among the various agents has been documented. Two mechanisms of bacterial resistance have been identified. These include mutations in chromosomal genes (DNA gyrase and/or topoisomerase IV) and altered drug permeability across the bacterial cell membranes.11-12 Clinical Guidelines support -
(12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2006/0110428A1 De Juan Et Al
US 200601 10428A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2006/0110428A1 de Juan et al. (43) Pub. Date: May 25, 2006 (54) METHODS AND DEVICES FOR THE Publication Classification TREATMENT OF OCULAR CONDITIONS (51) Int. Cl. (76) Inventors: Eugene de Juan, LaCanada, CA (US); A6F 2/00 (2006.01) Signe E. Varner, Los Angeles, CA (52) U.S. Cl. .............................................................. 424/427 (US); Laurie R. Lawin, New Brighton, MN (US) (57) ABSTRACT Correspondence Address: Featured is a method for instilling one or more bioactive SCOTT PRIBNOW agents into ocular tissue within an eye of a patient for the Kagan Binder, PLLC treatment of an ocular condition, the method comprising Suite 200 concurrently using at least two of the following bioactive 221 Main Street North agent delivery methods (A)-(C): Stillwater, MN 55082 (US) (A) implanting a Sustained release delivery device com (21) Appl. No.: 11/175,850 prising one or more bioactive agents in a posterior region of the eye so that it delivers the one or more (22) Filed: Jul. 5, 2005 bioactive agents into the vitreous humor of the eye; (B) instilling (e.g., injecting or implanting) one or more Related U.S. Application Data bioactive agents Subretinally; and (60) Provisional application No. 60/585,236, filed on Jul. (C) instilling (e.g., injecting or delivering by ocular ion 2, 2004. Provisional application No. 60/669,701, filed tophoresis) one or more bioactive agents into the Vit on Apr. 8, 2005. reous humor of the eye. Patent Application Publication May 25, 2006 Sheet 1 of 22 US 2006/0110428A1 R 2 2 C.6 Fig. -
)&F1y3x PHARMACEUTICAL APPENDIX to THE
)&f1y3X PHARMACEUTICAL APPENDIX TO THE HARMONIZED TARIFF SCHEDULE )&f1y3X PHARMACEUTICAL APPENDIX TO THE TARIFF SCHEDULE 3 Table 1. This table enumerates products described by International Non-proprietary Names (INN) which shall be entered free of duty under general note 13 to the tariff schedule. The Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) registry numbers also set forth in this table are included to assist in the identification of the products concerned. For purposes of the tariff schedule, any references to a product enumerated in this table includes such product by whatever name known. Product CAS No. Product CAS No. ABAMECTIN 65195-55-3 ACTODIGIN 36983-69-4 ABANOQUIL 90402-40-7 ADAFENOXATE 82168-26-1 ABCIXIMAB 143653-53-6 ADAMEXINE 54785-02-3 ABECARNIL 111841-85-1 ADAPALENE 106685-40-9 ABITESARTAN 137882-98-5 ADAPROLOL 101479-70-3 ABLUKAST 96566-25-5 ADATANSERIN 127266-56-2 ABUNIDAZOLE 91017-58-2 ADEFOVIR 106941-25-7 ACADESINE 2627-69-2 ADELMIDROL 1675-66-7 ACAMPROSATE 77337-76-9 ADEMETIONINE 17176-17-9 ACAPRAZINE 55485-20-6 ADENOSINE PHOSPHATE 61-19-8 ACARBOSE 56180-94-0 ADIBENDAN 100510-33-6 ACEBROCHOL 514-50-1 ADICILLIN 525-94-0 ACEBURIC ACID 26976-72-7 ADIMOLOL 78459-19-5 ACEBUTOLOL 37517-30-9 ADINAZOLAM 37115-32-5 ACECAINIDE 32795-44-1 ADIPHENINE 64-95-9 ACECARBROMAL 77-66-7 ADIPIODONE 606-17-7 ACECLIDINE 827-61-2 ADITEREN 56066-19-4 ACECLOFENAC 89796-99-6 ADITOPRIM 56066-63-8 ACEDAPSONE 77-46-3 ADOSOPINE 88124-26-9 ACEDIASULFONE SODIUM 127-60-6 ADOZELESIN 110314-48-2 ACEDOBEN 556-08-1 ADRAFINIL 63547-13-7 ACEFLURANOL 80595-73-9 ADRENALONE -
Classification Decisions Taken by the Harmonized System Committee from the 47Th to 60Th Sessions (2011
CLASSIFICATION DECISIONS TAKEN BY THE HARMONIZED SYSTEM COMMITTEE FROM THE 47TH TO 60TH SESSIONS (2011 - 2018) WORLD CUSTOMS ORGANIZATION Rue du Marché 30 B-1210 Brussels Belgium November 2011 Copyright © 2011 World Customs Organization. All rights reserved. Requests and inquiries concerning translation, reproduction and adaptation rights should be addressed to [email protected]. D/2011/0448/25 The following list contains the classification decisions (other than those subject to a reservation) taken by the Harmonized System Committee ( 47th Session – March 2011) on specific products, together with their related Harmonized System code numbers and, in certain cases, the classification rationale. Advice Parties seeking to import or export merchandise covered by a decision are advised to verify the implementation of the decision by the importing or exporting country, as the case may be. HS codes Classification No Product description Classification considered rationale 1. Preparation, in the form of a powder, consisting of 92 % sugar, 6 % 2106.90 GRIs 1 and 6 black currant powder, anticaking agent, citric acid and black currant flavouring, put up for retail sale in 32-gram sachets, intended to be consumed as a beverage after mixing with hot water. 2. Vanutide cridificar (INN List 100). 3002.20 3. Certain INN products. Chapters 28, 29 (See “INN List 101” at the end of this publication.) and 30 4. Certain INN products. Chapters 13, 29 (See “INN List 102” at the end of this publication.) and 30 5. Certain INN products. Chapters 28, 29, (See “INN List 103” at the end of this publication.) 30, 35 and 39 6. Re-classification of INN products. -
Catalytic Asymmetric Di Hydroxylation
Chem. Rev. 1994, 94, 2483-2547 2483 Catalytic Asymmetric Dihydroxylation Hartmuth C. Kolb,t Michael S. VanNieuwenhze,* and K. Barry Sharpless* Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10666 North Torfey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037 Received Ju/y 28, 1994 (Revised Manuscript Received September 14, 1994) Contents 3.1.4. Differentiation of the Hydroxyl Groups by 2524 Selective, Intramolecular Trapping 1. Introduction and General Principles 2483 3.1.5. Miscellaneous Transformations 2525 2. Enantioselective Preparation of Chiral 1,2-Diols 2489 3.2. Preparation of Chiral Building Blocks 2527 from Olefins 3.2.1. Electrophilic Building Blocks 2527 2.1. Preparation of Ligands, Choice of Ligand, 2489 Scope, and Limitations 3.2.2. Chiral Diol and Polyol Building Blocks 2529 2.1.1. Preparation of the Ligands 2490 3.2.3. Chiral Monohydroxy Compounds Derived 2529 from Diols 2.1 -2. Ligand Choice and Enantioselectivity Data 2490 3.2.4. 5- and 6-Membered Heterocycles 2530 2.1.3. Limitations 2491 3.3. Preparation of Chiral Auxiliaries for Other 2530 2.2. Reaction Conditions 2493 Asymmetric Transformations 2.2.1. Asymmetric Dihydroxylation of the 2493 3.3.1. Preparation of 2530 “Standard Substrates” (1 R,2S)-trans-2-phenylcyclohexanol 2.2.2. Asymmetric Dihydroxylation of 2496 3.3.2. Optically Pure Hydrobenzoin (Stilbenediol) 2531 Tetrasubstituted Olefins, Including Enol and Derivatives Ethers 4. Recent Applications: A Case Study 2536 2.2.3. Asymmetric Dihydroxylation of 2496 Electron-Deficient Olefins 5. Conclusion 2538 2.2.4. Chemoselectivity in the AD of Olefins 2497 6. References and Footnotes 2542 Containing Sulfur 2.3. -
(12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 6,264,917 B1 Klaveness Et Al
USOO6264,917B1 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 6,264,917 B1 Klaveness et al. (45) Date of Patent: Jul. 24, 2001 (54) TARGETED ULTRASOUND CONTRAST 5,733,572 3/1998 Unger et al.. AGENTS 5,780,010 7/1998 Lanza et al. 5,846,517 12/1998 Unger .................................. 424/9.52 (75) Inventors: Jo Klaveness; Pál Rongved; Dagfinn 5,849,727 12/1998 Porter et al. ......................... 514/156 Lovhaug, all of Oslo (NO) 5,910,300 6/1999 Tournier et al. .................... 424/9.34 FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS (73) Assignee: Nycomed Imaging AS, Oslo (NO) 2 145 SOS 4/1994 (CA). (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this 19 626 530 1/1998 (DE). patent is extended or adjusted under 35 O 727 225 8/1996 (EP). U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days. WO91/15244 10/1991 (WO). WO 93/20802 10/1993 (WO). WO 94/07539 4/1994 (WO). (21) Appl. No.: 08/958,993 WO 94/28873 12/1994 (WO). WO 94/28874 12/1994 (WO). (22) Filed: Oct. 28, 1997 WO95/03356 2/1995 (WO). WO95/03357 2/1995 (WO). Related U.S. Application Data WO95/07072 3/1995 (WO). (60) Provisional application No. 60/049.264, filed on Jun. 7, WO95/15118 6/1995 (WO). 1997, provisional application No. 60/049,265, filed on Jun. WO 96/39149 12/1996 (WO). 7, 1997, and provisional application No. 60/049.268, filed WO 96/40277 12/1996 (WO). on Jun. 7, 1997. WO 96/40285 12/1996 (WO). (30) Foreign Application Priority Data WO 96/41647 12/1996 (WO). -
Chapter 6 Industrial Applications of Multicomponent Reactions (Mcrs)
University of Groningen Innovative multicomponent reactions and their use in medicinal chemistry Zarganes Tzitzikas, Tryfon IMPORTANT NOTE: You are advised to consult the publisher's version (publisher's PDF) if you wish to cite from it. Please check the document version below. Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Publication date: 2017 Link to publication in University of Groningen/UMCG research database Citation for published version (APA): Zarganes Tzitzikas, T. (2017). Innovative multicomponent reactions and their use in medicinal chemistry. University of Groningen. Copyright Other than for strictly personal use, it is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Take-down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Downloaded from the University of Groningen/UMCG research database (Pure): http://www.rug.nl/research/portal. For technical reasons the number of authors shown on this cover page is limited to 10 maximum. Download date: 24-09-2021 CHAPTER 6 INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS OF MULTICOMPONENT REACTIONS (MCRS) Chapter contained in the Rodriguez-Bonne book Stereoselectve Multple Bond-Forming Transformatons in Organic Synthesis 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Tryfon Zarganes – Tzitzikas, Ahmad Yazbak, Alexander Dömling Chapter 6 INTRODUCTION Multcomponent reactons (MCRs) can be defned as processes in which three or more reactants introduced simultaneously are combined through covalent bonds to form a single product, regardless of the mechanisms and protocols involved.[1] Many basic MCRs are name reactons, for example, Ugi,[2] Passerini,[3] van Leusen,[4] Strecker,[5] Hantzsch,[6] Biginelli,[7] or one of their many variatons. -
Hyperprolactinaemia: a Monster Between the Woman and Her Conception *Seriki A
Archives of Reproductive Medicine and Sexual Health ISSN: 2639-1791 Volume 1, Issue 2, 2018, PP: 61-67 Hyperprolactinaemia: A Monster Between the Woman and Her Conception *Seriki A. Samuel1, Odetola O. Anthony2 1Department of Human Physiology, College of Medicine, Bingham University, Karu, Nigeria. 2Department of Human Physiology, College Medical Sciences, NnamdiAzikwe University, Awka, Nigeria. [email protected] *Corresponding Author: Seriki A. Samuel, Department of Human Physiology, College of Medicine, Bingham University, Karu, Nigeria. Abstract Hyperprolactinaemia is the presence of abnormally high levels of prolactin in the blood. Normal levels are less than 5000 ml U/L [20ng/mL or µg/L] for women, and less than 450 ml U/L for men.Prolactin is a peptide hormone produced by the adenohypophysis (also called anterior pituitary) that is primarily associated with milk production and plays a vital role in breast development during pregnancy. Hyperprolactinaemia may cause galactorrhea (production and sp; ontaneous ejection of breast milk without pregnancy or childbirth). It also alters/disrupts the normal menstrual cycle in women. In other women, menstruation may cease completely, resulting in infertility. In the man, it could causeerectile dysfunction.The present study is to review the pathophysiology of the abnormality in the woman, and how it relates to the functioning of the hypothalamo- hypophyseal-gonadal system. The article also looks at the effect of hyperprolactinaemia on the fertility of the woman, and attempts to proffer non-surgical remedy to the condition. Keywords: Galactorrhea, adenohypophysis,hypoestrogenism,prolactinoma, amenorrhoea, macroprolactin, microprolactin Introduction It is synthesized by the anterior pituitary lactotrophs and regulated by the hypothalamic–pituitary axis Hyperprolactinaemia, which is a high level of through the release of dopamine, which acts as a prolactin in the blood can be a part of normal prolactin inhibitory factor[2]. -
The Preparation of Certain Organic Chloroformates and Carbonates
Brigham Young University BYU ScholarsArchive Theses and Dissertations 1947-04-01 The preparation of certain organic chloroformates and carbonates Robert E. Brailsford Brigham Young University - Provo Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd BYU ScholarsArchive Citation Brailsford, Robert E., "The preparation of certain organic chloroformates and carbonates" (1947). Theses and Dissertations. 8175. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/8175 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. THE PREPARATI OH OF CERTAI N 0RG.1NIC CHLOROFORJ.'\Ll.TES AND CARBON T Thesis ubmitted to the Department of Chemistry Brigham Young University ~ .. ... "') .~ . ~ . "'). ... .. .. .. .. , ... .. ... : : ....: . ..-. ~ ..·.: : ..: ...• : ·.. ~ . : ,.. .~ : :. : ·: : ··.... ; ~ : ·. : : .: . : . : : : ••• .... •." •,.r_·: -••• ~ .... In Parti a l Fulfillment of the Re~uirements for the Degree Master of cienoe 147143 by Robert E. Brailsford .tipril 1947 This Thesis by Robert E. Brailsford is accepted in its present farm by the Department of Chemistry of Brigham Young University as satisfying the ·rhesis requirement for the degree of Master of Science. PREFACE flhile working for the Hooker Electrochemical Company of Niagara Falls , New York , from April 3 , 1943 , to January 30 , 1946 , the writer became interested in organic chloroformates and. carbonates , an interest instigated by requests from B. F . Goodrich Company for a number of samples . fter returning to Brigham Young University that preliminary interest was revived and the experi - mental work of this thesis was performed. under the direction of Dr . Charles ' . :Maw and Professor Joseph K.