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Table of Contents Table of Contents Table of Contents Authors, Reviewers, Draft Log ........................................................................................ 4 Introduction to Reference ................................................................................................ 5 Introduction to Corn ....................................................................................................... 10 Arthropods ................................................................................................................... 12 Primary Pests of Corn (Full Pest Datasheet) ............................................................... 12 Autographa gamma ................................................................................................ 12 Chilo suppressalis .................................................................................................. 21 Diabrotica speciosa ................................................................................................ 30 Helicoverpa armigera ............................................................................................. 39 Heteronychus arator ............................................................................................... 52 Ostrinia furnacalis .................................................................................................. 61 Spodoptera littoralis ............................................................................................... 73 Spodoptera litura .................................................................................................... 83 Striacosta albicosta ................................................................................................ 95 Thaumatotibia leucotreta ...................................................................................... 105 Secondary Pests of Corn (Truncated Pest Datasheet).............................................. 116 Copitarsia spp. ..................................................................................................... 116 Darna pallivitta ..................................................................................................... 123 Eutetranychus orientalis ....................................................................................... 128 Metamasius spp. .................................................................................................. 132 Oxycarenus hyalinipennis .................................................................................... 138 Planococcus minor ............................................................................................... 142 Rhabdoscelus obscurus ....................................................................................... 146 Stenchaetothrips biformis ..................................................................................... 153 Mollusks ..................................................................................................................... 158 Primary Pests of Corn (Full Pest Datasheet) ............................................................. 158 None at this time .................................................................................................. 158 Secondary Pests of Corn (Truncated Pest Datasheet).............................................. 158 Achatina fulica ...................................................................................................... 158 Arion vulgaris (A. lusitanicus) ............................................................................... 163 Nematodes ................................................................................................................. 170 Primary Pests of Corn (Full Pest Datasheet) ............................................................. 170 Punctodera chalcoensis ....................................................................................... 170 Secondary Pests of Corn (Truncated Pest Datasheet).............................................. 180 Meloidogyne fallax ............................................................................................... 180 Plant Pathogens ........................................................................................................ 186 Primary Pests of Corn (Full Pest Datasheet) ............................................................. 186 2 Table of Contents Cochliobolus pallescens ....................................................................................... 186 Harpophora maydis .............................................................................................. 194 Peronosclerospora maydis ................................................................................... 203 Peronosclerospora philippinensis......................................................................... 209 Sclerophthora rayssiae var. zeae ......................................................................... 216 Secondary Pests of Corn (Truncated Pest Datasheet).............................................. 222 None at this time .................................................................................................. 222 Appendix A: Characteristics of the downy mildew fungi found on corn and other hosts .................................................................................................................................... 222 Appendix B: Diagnostic Resource Contacts ................................................................ 224 Appendix C: Glossary of Terms .................................................................................. 226 Appendix D: FY09 CAPS Prioritized Pest List and Commodity Matrix ........................ 240 Appendix E: FY10 CAPS Prioritized Pest List and Commodity Matrix ........................ 243 Appendix F: 2008 Exotic Pest Detection Survey Order Form ...................................... 247 Appendix G: Plastic Bucket Trap Protocol ................................................................... 249 3 Authors, Reviewers, Draft Log Authors, Reviewers, Draft Log Authors CAPS Commenters Melinda Sullivan Nancy S. H. Richwine Plant Pathologist Plant Pathologist USDA-APHIS-PPQ-CPHST PA Department of Agriculture 2301 Research Blvd., Suite 108 2301 N. Cameron St. Fort Collins, CO 80526 Harrisburg, PA 17110-9408 Daniel MacKinnon Nancy K. Osterbauer Biological Science Technician Plant Health Program Manager USDA-APHIS-PPQ-CPHST Commodity Inspection Division 2301 Research Blvd., Suite 108 Oregon Department of Agriculture Fort Collins, CO 80526 635 Capitol St. NE Salem, OR 97301-2532 Talitha Price Biological Science Technician John F. Tooker USDA-APHIS-PPQ-CPHST Assistant Professor 1730 Varsity Dr., Suite 400 Center for Chemical Ecology/ Raleigh, NC 27606 Department of Entomology Pennsylvania State University Robert J. Wright 501 ASI Building Professor of Entomology University Park, PA 16802 202 Entomology Hall University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE 68583-0816 Draft Log Feb. 2010– Draft sent for CPHST review Tamra J. Jackson Assist. Professor of Plant Pathology April 2010 – Draft sent for CAPS review 448 Plant Science Bldg. University of Nebraska-Lincoln June 2010 – Final Draft posted to CAPS site Lincoln NE 68583-0722 – incorporated CAPS comments and added CPHST Reviewers new risk maps, Added datasheet for Diabrotica speciosa Daniel MacKinnon Biological Science Technician July 2010 – Added datasheets for USDA-APHIS-PPQ-CPHST Cochliobolus pallescens and Striacosta 2301 Research Blvd., Suite 108 albicosta as requested by two CAPS Fort Collins, CO 80526 reviewers Lindsey Seastone August 2010 – Updated hyperlinks for links Biological Science Technician now on the CAPS Resource and USDA-APHIS-PPQ-CPHST Collaboration site; approved trap information 2301 Research Blvd., Suite 108 added for Chilo suppressalis Fort Collins, CO 80526 August 2016 – Removed outdated mapping Christina Southwick information, did not update other information. Identification Technology Program Technician USDA-APHIS-PPQ-CPHST 2301 Research Blvd., Suite 108 Fort Collins, CO 80526 4 Introduction to Reference Introduction to Reference History of Commodity-Based Survey The CAPS community is made up of a large and varied group of individuals from federal, state, and university organizations who utilize federal (and other) funding sources to survey for and (in some cases) diagnose exotic and invasive plant pests. By finding pests early, eradication efforts will likely be less expensive and more efficient. For more information on CAPS and other Plant Protection and Quarantine (PPQ) pest detection programs see: http://www.aphis.usda.gov/plant_health/plant_pest_info/pest_detection/index.shtml. Traditionally, states have been given a list of pests. Each year, states choose (from this list) a number of pests to incorporate in their own specialized surveys. There is certainly value in surveying for plant health threats in terms of discreet pests. However, this may not always be the most efficient means of survey. For example, a single pest may occur on a myriad of different hosts, making a comprehensive survey too time consuming and expensive. An alternative method has been suggested. Grouping important pests under the umbrella of a single commodity could be a more efficient way to look for certain pests. The rationale for choosing a commodity survey in certain instances includes the following: • Survey area will be smaller and targeted. • Resources can be better utilized with fewer trips to the field. • Commodities are easy
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