Zelva Memorial Book
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DAVID AND SYLVIA STEINER YIZKOR BOOK COLLECTION STEVEN SPIELBERG DIGITAL YIDDISH LIBRARY N O . Zelva Memorial Book Sefer zikaron Zelvah = Zelva memorial book THE NEW YORK PUBLIC LIBRARY - NATIONAL YIDDISH BOOK CENTER YIZKOR BOOK PROJECT NEW YORK, NEW YORK AND AMHERST, MASSACHUSETTS THE STEVEN SPIELBERG DIGITAL YIDDISH LIBRARY PROVIDES ON-DEMAND REPRINTS OF MODERN YIDDISH LITERATURE ©2003 THE NEW YORK PUBLIC LIBRARY AND THE NATIONAL YIDDISH BOOK CENTER MAJOR FUNDING FOR THE YIZKOR BOOK PROJECT WAS PROVIDED BY: Harry and Lillian Freedman Fund David and Barbara B. Hirschhorn Foundation David and Barbara Margulies The Nash Family Foundation Harris Rosen David and Sylvia Steiner Ruth Taubman Original publication data TITLE Sefer zikaron Zelyah = Zelva memorial book / edited by Yerachmiel Moorstein ; English translation prepared by Jacob Solomon Berger. IMPRINT Mahwah, New Jersey : J.S. Berger, 1992. DESCRIPT vii, 141 p. ; 28 cm. SUBJECT Jews -- Belarus -- Zelva. Zel'va (Belarus) -- Ethnic relations. Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) — Belarus — Zelva. add'l name Moorstein, Yerachmiel. Berger, Jacob Solomon. add'l title Zelva memorial book THIS BOOK MEETS A.N.S.I. STANDARDS FOR PAPER PERMANENCE AND LIBRARY BINDING. PRINTED IN THE U.S.A. r,>- '-V' > 'f: §|i 'Si -•i »!' ' 'x>.' IMw lt» ^R ZELVA IHD? "IDD ZELVA MEMORIAL BOOK Edited by YEEACHMIEL MOORSTEIN Publication Committee Yitzhak Shalev, Dora Geiger, Yehoshua Freidin 'ho pns’ m*n ,p’nD jwirr Publish^ by the Zelva Committee in Israel 1984 *** English Translation Prepared and Published by JACOB SOLOMON BERGER na-D no*?® Dpi?’ Mahwah, New Jersey, USA 1992 Copyright ^ 1992 by the Zelva Committee in Israel Ail rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any electronic or mechanical means, including information storage and retrieval systems, without permission in writing from the publisher, except by a reviewer who may quote brief passages in a review. First Edition Library of Confess Catalog Card Number 91-92369 Published in the United States by Jacob Solomon Berger Mahwah, New Jersey Printed in the United States of America To my Children, Sharon Ann npDi ran Danid Andrew DnnnM David Allen nn« nn Judyth Ellen npbj) nmn’ Rachel Eryn nn’H ‘?m Robert Ian pns'' mnan With the hope that they will read this book, and come to understand the proud peoplefrom whom they stem and the noNe tradition to which they are heirs. For truly, they are my most important legacy. Supporters Honor Roll Thefollowing members ofowfamify providedfinancial contributions to hdp make the pubUcation ofthis book possible. Their generosity assures the preservation of this heritor for future generations, by which they have earned a large measure of our collective gratitude. Bruce & Judy Brickman Harold & Pearl Freed Joshua & Harriet Freed Alan & Connie Fried Dr, Murray Frum Andrea Kasen Grunberger Sam & Sylvia Krugman Dr, Jacob & Beatrice Melnick Jack & Fran Rubin Table of Contents FORWARD Translator^ Note by Jacob Solomon Berger i 7%e Yiddish Lar^iuage by Yerachmiel Moorstein iii Publication Note iv Conveying Congratulations! . by Pinchas Levine v The Supporters and FulJiUers by Yerachmiel Moorstein vi INTRODUCTION by Yerachmiel Moorstein 1 THE TESTAMENT by Yerachmiel Moorstein 3 ZELVA 4 OVERVIEW OF THE ORIGINS OF OUR TOWN by Yerachmiel Moorstein 5 ThePlace 6 The Comnmnity 7 The Fairs 11 Eanung a Livelihood 12 Education 15 Spmts 18 Entertainment 18 MEMORIES CmKeming The Zdva That Was by Chaim Gilony 19 Memories cf Home Dora Geiger & Haya Meiner 28 hty Town by Joseph Vishnitzky 29 The Departure From Home by Emanuel Vishnitzky 30 Memories of My Town . by Dvoshka Bar-Nir (Ravitz) 31 B^ore The Holocaust by Rivkah Wasserman (Ravitz) 32 The Con^ietition to Open the Ark for NeHlah by Chaim Slutsky 36 LagB’Ottter by Aharon Freidin 38 My I4fe ... by Yerachmiel Moorstein 39 Zdva, bfy IWage by Joseph Slutsky 45 Eating "Days* ... by Yerachmiel Moorstein 46 "News From Zdva" ... by Yerachmiel Moorstein 48 The Lady Storekeeper and Her Scholar-Husband ... by Yerachmiel Moorstein 49 The Baal Ttfilah ... by Yerachmiel Moorstein 49 The Modd of Conduct in Zdva • Bubbeh Laskeh ... by Yerachmiel Moorstein 51 The Deptuture From Zdva (Diary Excerpts) by Eliezer Futritzky (Ritz) 52 ZELVA 100 YEARS AGO HaTzgfira, (Warsaw) Abstracted by Yitzhak Shalev 66 HoMditz, (Odessa and St. Petersburg) Abstracted by Yitzhak Shalev 68 . FROM THE MOUTHS OF THE SURVIVORS 71 The Partisans by Moshe Slutsky 71 A Famify Among The Partisans Alta and Ephraim (Foyka) Gelman 77 Alone In The Forest by Mordechai Loshovitz 78 Minit^ Gold Above The Arctic Cirde by Shmuel Kaninovitz 79 Two Years In The Pit by Faygel Gerber 80 I Jumped From The Death Train by Sandor Spector 81 On The Way To Concealment by Avraham Lapin 82 In Siberia by Sima Borodetska 84 From Edva To The United States by Joseph Kaplan 86 The Farmer’^ Prophecy That Saved My Life . by Yitzhak Shalev 87 The Seized Extermination Camp by Yitzhak Shalev 90 The Rescue Rabbi Eosovsky by Yitzhak Shalev 92 Rachd The Teacher by Yitzhak Shalev 94 Yom Eippur, 1940 In The Soviet Sector by Yitzhak Shalev 96 The Escape From German Occupied Territories by Shlomit Becker-Laykin 96 THE DESTRUCTION OF ZELVA The Destruction of My Famify by Sala Koyat 99 Elialdm The Avenger . by Yerachmiel Moorstein 100 The Suicides . by Yerachmiel Moorstein 101 The Fitud Victim . by Yerachmiel Moorstein 102 The Destrucdm Of Zelva (Jewish Daily Forward) Shmuel Yamivsl^ 103 My Town, Zdva • In the Year 1957 by Shmuel Kaninovitz 105 The Liquidation of Zdva by Ephraim (Foyka) Gelman 106 My Famify by Ephraim Gelman 109 The Fate of Afy Immediate Famify in Poland by Joseph Kaplan 1 10 The Lad Visit to Zdva in 1965 C^uma Zhchinslqr 111 VICTIMS OF THE HOLOCAUST 112 To The Reader by Yerachmiel Moorstein 1 12 The List of the Holocaust Victims of Zdva 113 SURVIVING FAMILIES 117 A List of Zdva Natives Who Emigrated to Other Countries 117 Zdva Natives Who Wera to brad & Their Families 118 Zdva Natives H%o Died in brad 122 RESIDENTS OF OUR TOWN IN THE LAND OF ISRAEL 123 The Alfyah of Families by Yerachmiel Moorstein 123 The Kibbutzniks by Yerachmiel Moorstein 124 Those Who Died In The Kibbutzim 125 The Herobm of Eliezer by Yerachmiel Moorstein 126 The Lady Pioneer and Her Son The Palmach Man by Yerachmiel Moorstein 126 THE FREWINS OF ZELVA by Jacob Solomon Berger 127 FORWAIO) Trandaior's Note by Jacob Solomon Berger The task of translating the Zelva Memorial Book into English is another milestone in a continuing commitment that I have to the preservation of the history of my family. This commitment has its roots in the unique circumstances of my upbringing. I had the privUege of being raised in a four-generation household, which afforded me a very special opportunity to see a "genealogical pyramid" from a fairly elevated perspective. My grandparents were immigrants to the United States who came from Zelva. Because of their commitment to faith and culture, I acquired a facility with Yiddish and Hebrew commensurate with that of my native English. It was only many years later that I understood this to be an increasing rarity among native-born Americans, and as such, it jeopardized the preservation of our family folklore. The immeasurable loss caused by the Holocaust served to underscore this issue in my mind. I was first moved to action in 1976, after making my first trip to Israel. As a result of meeting my Freidin family relatives, I discovered that our family relationships were not well understood. Indeed, the limited knowledge that existed among the older members of the family showed signs of dissipating. With encouragement from my cousin Moshe Freidin, I undertook the task of developing a chronicle of the Freidin family genealogy. An abstract of that genealogy is included in this volume. I have continued in my capacity as Chronicler for the Freidins of Zelva, and their many descendants around the world. I became very interested in the Zelva Memorial Book project for very obvious reasons, and read the original 1984 publication with great interest. I concluded that I shared a fundamental obligation with the original editor, as expressed in his following note on the subject of the Yiddish language. Yerachmiel Moorstein recognizes that for a testament to have value and impact, it must be rendered accessible to its intended audience. Recognizing that Yiddish has seriously diminished in its role as the lingua franca of world Jewry, he translated all of the contributions to this volume into Hebrew, so that future generations of Israelis could read about the life and times of their forbears in Eastern Europe. This step was necessary, but not sufficient. There are several hundred of our kinfolk in North America, the United Kingdom and Australia, whose future generations may not have the facility in Hebrew that would make the original work accessible to them. They too will have a need to remember, and to know firom whence they came. It is for them that I decided to translate this work into English. I am somewhat amused to know that some of the passages have made the voyage from English to Hebrew, and now back to English again! I share Yerachmiel Moorstein’s outlook in approaching the task of translation. I have tried to stick to as literal a translation as I could, to convey the flavor of the authors’ writings. This is a very interesting challenge. For those of you who are interested in some of the considerations, I warmly recommend the Introduction to A Treasury of Yuidish Stories, edited by Irving Howe and Eliezer Greenberg, Penguin Press, (see especially pp. 46-50). Hebrew is, of course, a Semitic language, while English is Anglo-Saxon.