ÓLEOS ESSENCIAIS DE Myristica Fragrans Houtt. E DE Salvia Microphylla H.B.K.: CARACTERIZAÇÃO QUÍMICA, ATIVIDADE BIOLÓGICA E ANTIOXIDANTE

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

ÓLEOS ESSENCIAIS DE Myristica Fragrans Houtt. E DE Salvia Microphylla H.B.K.: CARACTERIZAÇÃO QUÍMICA, ATIVIDADE BIOLÓGICA E ANTIOXIDANTE ÓLEOS ESSENCIAIS DE Myristica fragrans Houtt. E DE Salvia microphylla H.B.K.: CARACTERIZAÇÃO QUÍMICA, ATIVIDADE BIOLÓGICA E ANTIOXIDANTE RAFAELA KARIN DE LIMA 2008 Livros Grátis http://www.livrosgratis.com.br Milhares de livros grátis para download. RAFAELA KARIN DE LIMA ÓLEOS ESSENCIAIS DE Myristica fragrans Houtt. E DE Salvia microphylla H.B.K.: CARACTERIZAÇÃO QUÍMICA, ATIVIDADE BIOLÓGICA E ANTIXIDANTE Tese apresentada à Universidade Federal de Lavras, como parte das exigências do Programa de Pós- graduação Stricto Sensu em Agroquímica, para obtenção do título de “Doutor”. Orientadora Profa. Dra. Maria das Graças Cardoso LAVRAS MINAS GERAIS – BRASIL 2008 Ficha Catalográfica Preparada pela Divisão de Processos Técnicos da Biblioteca Central da UFLA Lima, Rafaela Karin. Óleos essenciais de Myristica fragrans Houtt. e de Salvia microphylla H.B.K.: caracterização química, atividade biológica e antioxidante / Rafaela Karin Lima. – Lavras : UFLA, 2008. 160 p. : il. Tese (Doutorado) – Universidade Federal de Lavras, 2008. Orientador: Maria das Graças Cardoso. Bibliografia. 1. Óleos essenciais. 2. Inseticida. 3. Bactericida. 4. Antioxidante. 5. Condimento. I. Universidade Federal de Lavras. II. Título. CDD – 633.88 RAFAELA KARIN DE LIMA ÓLEOS ESSENCIAIS DE Myristica fragrans Houtt. E DE Salvia microphylla H.B.K.: CARACTERIZAÇÃO QUÍMICA, ATIVIDADE BIOLÓGICA E ANTIOXIDANTE Tese apresentada à Universidade Federal de Lavras, como parte das exigências do Programa de Pós- graduação Stricto Sensu em Agroquímica, para obtenção do título de “Doutor”. APROVADA em 12 de dezembro de 2008 Prof. Dr. Luís Roberto Batista UFLA Prof. Dr. Jair Campos de Moraes UFLA Prof. Dr. Ruy Carvalho UFLA Prof. Dr. Arie Fitzgerald Balnk UFS Prof. Dr. Alexandre Tourino Mendonça UNINCOR Profa. Dra. Maria das Graças Cardoso UFLA (Orientadora) LAVRAS MINAS GERAIS – BRASIL Aos meus pais, Sebastião e Mirian, considerados sempre, o meu maior exemplo de vida e de perseverança. Vocês serão eternamente a minha maior inspiração. OFEREÇO Aos meus irmãos, Igor Dudu e Letícia pela amizade, companheirismo e compreensão; ao meu amor Juninho pelo apoio e principalmente pela paciência. DEDICO AGRADECIMENTOS A Deus, pela saúde, entusiasmo, inspiração e força para a realização deste projeto. À professora Maria das Graças Cardoso, pela oportunidade e orientação. Sua compreensão, dedicação e amizade foram fundamentais; serei eternamente grata. Ao professor Jair Campos Moraes, pela co-orientação, confiança, dedicação, atenção e principalmente pelos conhecimentos adquiridos na área de Entomologia. Ao professor Luís Roberto Batista, pela co-orientação, consideração e atenção, sempre disponibilizando o Laboratório e materiais. Ao professor Luis Cláudio de Almeida Barbosa, Coordenador do Laboratório de Análise e Síntese de Agroquímicos da UFV, pelas análises cromatográficas (CG-EM) dos óleos essenciais. À professora Nilda Ferreira Soares, coordenadora do Laboratório de Embalagens da UFV, pelas cepas de bactérias concedidas. Aos professores Evandro Afonso do Nascimento e Gláucea Guedes Santos Ladeira pelo incentivo desde o início dos meus estudos na área de Química. A todos os professores do Departamento de Química, pela dedicação e conhecimentos transmitidos. Às colegas e amigas Milene, Sara, Vanessa, Paula, Ana Elisa, Juliana, Cristiana e ao amigo e Bruno pelo companheirismo e colaboração na realização do experimento. Aos colegas de Laboratório Luis Gustavo, Jean, Lidiany, Gisele, Juliana, Érica, Cleusa, Felipe, Ana, Leonardo, Wilder, Lucilene e Aline pela colaboração. Ao Laboratório de Microbiologia, especialmente ao Victor, pelos ensinamentos e ajuda na realização do experimento com bactérias. Aos funcionários do Departamento de Química. Às secretárias Miriam, Lílian, Sirley e Xulita pela convivência e prestabilidade. Aos colegas de pós-graduação Fabiane, Luciene, Annete, Maraísa, Ellen e Denise, pelo companheirismo. À Irene, pela ajuda na realização dos experimentos no Laboratório de Resistência de Plantas a Insetos (Departamento de Entomologia), pela amizade e carinho. “Se existissem mais pessoas como você o mundo seria bem melhor”. À Universidade Federal de Lavras, em especial ao Departamento de Química, pela oportunidade concedida. À CAPES (Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior ), pela concessão da bolsa de estudo. A todos que, de alguma forma, contribuíram para realização deste trabalho. SUMÁRIO Página LISTA DE TABELAS ................................................................................i LISTA DE FIGURAS .............................................................................. iii LISTA DE SÍMBOLOS E SIGLAS...........................................................v RESUMO .................................................................................................vii ABSTRACT ........................................................................................... viii 1 INTRODUÇÃO GERAL ........................................................................1 2 REFERENCIAL TEÓRICO....................................................................4 2.1 Plantas condimentares ..........................................................................4 2.2 Metabólicos secundários ......................................................................4 2.3 Óleos essenciais....................................................................................5 2.3.1 Biossíntese de terpenóides.................................................................6 2.3.2 Biossíntese de fenilpropanóides ......................................................15 2.3.3 Técnicas de extração de óleos essenciais ........................................16 2.3.3.1 Hidrodestilação.............................................................................16 2.3.3.2 Destilação por arraste de vapor ....................................................16 2.3.3.3 Destilação com água-vapor ..........................................................16 2.3.3.4 Extração com solvente orgânico...................................................17 2.3.3.5 Extração por microondas..............................................................17 2.3.3.6 Presagem ou expressão.................................................................17 2.3.3.7 Extração por fluídos supercríticos................................................18 2.3.3.8 Microextração em fase sólida.......................................................18 2.3.3.9 Enfloração ....................................................................................18 2.3.4 Atividade biológica .........................................................................18 2.3.4.1 Atividade bactericida....................................................................18 2.3.4.2 Atividade fungicida ......................................................................20 2.3.4.3 Atividade inseticida......................................................................22 2.3.4.4 Atividade antioxidante .................................................................25 2.4 Melhoral (Salvia microphylla H.B.K.)...............................................28 2.5 Noz-moscada (Myristica fragrans Houtt.) .........................................31 2.6 Óleos essenciais no controle de pragas ..............................................33 2.6.1 Spodoptera frugiperda ....................................................................33 2.6.2 Tenebrio molitor..............................................................................36 2.7 Óleos essenciais no controle de microrganismos...............................37 2.7.1 Staphylococcus ................................................................................38 2.7.2 Listeria.............................................................................................39 2.7.3 Escherichia......................................................................................39 2.7.4 Salmonella.......................................................................................40 2.7.5 Aeromonas.......................................................................................41 2.7.6 Pesudomonas aeruginosa................................................................42 3 REFERÊNCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS...................................................... CAPITULO 1 ...........................................................................................56 Atividade bactericida e antioxidante de óleos essenciais de Myristica fragrans Houtt. e de Salvia microphylla H.B.K.......................................56 1 RESUMO ..............................................................................................57 2 ABSTRACT ..........................................................................................59 3 INTRODUÇÃO.....................................................................................61 4 MATERIAL E MÉTODOS...................................................................63 4.1 Extração do óleo essencial .................................................................63 4.2 Identificação e quantificação dos constituintes..................................64 4.3 Atividade bactericida (Método de Difusão Cavidade em Ágar) ........64 4.4 Atividade antioxidante .......................................................................66 4.4.1 Ensaio com DPPH (1,1-difenil-2-picrilidrazila) .............................66 4.4.2 Ensaio com β-caroteno/ácido linoléico ...........................................67 5 RESULTADOS E DISCUSSÃO ..........................................................69
Recommended publications
  • Ornithophily in the Genus Salvia L. (Lamiaceae)
    Ornithophily in the genus Salvia L. (Lamiaceae) Dissertation zur Erlangung des Grades „Doktor der Naturwissenschaften“ am Fachbereich Biologie der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz Petra Wester geb. in Linz/Rhein Mainz, 2007 Kapitel 2 dieser Arbeit wurde veröffentlicht beim Springer Verlag unter: Wester, P. & Claßen-Bockhoff, R. (2006): Hummingbird pollination in Salvia haenkei (Lamiaceae) lacking the typical lever mechanism. Plant Systematics and Evolution 257: 133-146. Kapitel 3 dieser Arbeit wurde veröffentlicht bei Elsevier unter: Wester, P. & Claßen- Bockhoff, R. (2006): Bird pollination in South African Salvia species. Flora 201: 396- 406. Kapitel 5 dieser Arbeit ist im Druck bei Oxford University Press (Annals of Botany) unter: Wester, P. & Claßen-Bockhoff, R. (2007): Floral diversity and pollen transfer mechanisms in bird-pollinated Salvia species. Meinen Eltern gewidmet Contents SUMMARY OF THE THESIS............................................................................................................................. 1 ZUSAMMENFASSUNG....................................................................................................................................... 2 1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................................... 3 2 HUMMINGBIRD POLLINATION IN SALVIA HAENKEI (LAMIACEAE) LACKING THE TYPICAL LEVER MECHANISM .....................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Maestra En Ciencias Biológicas
    UNIVERSIDAD MICHOACANA DE SAN NICOLÁS DE HIDALGO FACULTAD DE BIOLOGÍA PROGRAMA INSTITUCIONAL DE MAESTRÍA EN CIENCIAS BIOLÓGICAS ECOLOGÍA Y CONSERVACIÓN TESIS FILOGENÓMICA DE SALVIA SUBGÉNERO CALOSPHACE (LAMIACEAE) Que presenta BIOL. MARÍA DE LA LUZ PÉREZ GARCÍA Para obtener el título de MAESTRA EN CIENCIAS BIOLÓGICAS Tutor DRA. SABINA IRENE LARA CABRERA Morelia Michoacán, marzo de 2019 AGRADECIMIENTO A mi asesora de Tesis la Dra. Sabina Irene Lara Cabrera, por su apoyo y revisión constante del proyecto. A mis sinodales Dra. Gabriela Domínguez Vázquez Dr. Juan Carlos Montero Castro, por su valiosa aportación y comentarios al escrito Dr. Victor Werner Steinmann por su apoyo en todo momento y siempre darme ánimos de seguir adelante con el proyecto asi como sus cometarios del escrito y del proyecto Dr. J. Mark Porter por su apoyo y las facilidades prestadas para poder realizar la estancia en Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden Dr. Carlos Alonso Maya Lastra por su aportación y ayuda con los programas bioinformáticos y los comentarios y sugerencias para mejorar el escrito M.C. Lina Adonay Urrea Galeano por su amistad y apoyo en todo momento desde el inicio de la maestría A Luis A. Rojas Martínez por apoyo y amor incondicional en cada momento de este proceso y por siempre impulsarme a ser mejor en lo que hago M.C. Sandra Tobón Cornejo por su amistad incondicional en todo momento A mis compañeros de laboratorio Karina, Everardo, Diego, Pedro, Jesús y Dago por su amistad DEDICATORIA A la familia Pérez-García A mis padres: María Emma García López y Laurentino Pérez Villa por su apoyo y amor incondicional A mis hermanos: Rigoberto, Cecilia, Jorge, Celina, Lorena, Jesús Alberto e Ismael por ser más que mis hermanos mis amigos, brindarme su apoyo y amor siempre INDICE 1.
    [Show full text]
  • THE COMMUNITY of FURCRAEA PARMENTIERI, a THREATENED SPECIE, CENTRAL MEXICO Polibotánica, Núm
    Polibotánica ISSN: 1405-2768 [email protected] Departamento de Botánica México Almeida-Leñero, Lucía; Mondragón, Ana María; Ludlow-Wiechers, Beatriz; Aguilar-Zamora, Verónica THE COMMUNITY OF FURCRAEA PARMENTIERI, A THREATENED SPECIE, CENTRAL MEXICO Polibotánica, núm. 37, febrero-, 2014, pp. 25-46 Departamento de Botánica Distrito Federal, México Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=62129967002 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Núm. 37, pp. 25-46, ISSN 1405-2768; México, 2014 THE COMMUNITY OF FURCRAEA PARMENTIERI, A THREATENED SPECIE, CENTRAL MEXICO LA COMUNIDAD DE FURCRAEA PARMENTIERI, UNA ESPECIE AMENAZADA, EN EL CENTRO DE MÉXICO Lucía Almeida-Leñero, Ana María Mondragón, Beatriz Ludlow-Wiechers, y Verónica Aguilar-Zamora Laboratorio de Ecosistemas de Montaña. Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, CP 04510, DF, México. Correo electrónico: [email protected]; [email protected] ABSTRACT of Furcraea parmentieri community is important because, it is an endangered and The fl ora and vegetation of Furcraea par- endemic species, as well as a soil-stabilizing mentieri (Roezl ex Ortigies) Garcia-Mend. species for severely degraded zones (NOM- (F. bedinghausii) community was studied on 059-ECOL-2001). the Pelado volcano, at the S area of Mexico City. Following Zurich-Montpellier criteria, Key words: mega-rossette, vegetation azonal, 25 phytosociological plots were done, and endemic, conservation. the Jaccard index of similarity was calcula- ted.
    [Show full text]
  • 5 Estudio Florístico En El Área De La Comunidad
    Acta Botanica Mexicana (2000), 52: 5-41 ESTUDIO FLORÍSTICO EN EL ÁREA DE LA COMUNIDAD INDÍGENA DE NUEVO SAN JUAN PARANGARICUTIRO, MICHOACÁN, MÉXICO1,2 CONSUELO MEDINA GARCÍA, FERNANDO GUEVARA-FÉFER MARCO ANTONIO MARTÍNEZ RODRÍGUEZ, PATRICIA SILVA-SÁENZ, MA. ALMA CHÁVEZ-CARBAJAL Facultad de Biología Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo 58060 Morelia, Michoacán E IGNACIO GARCÍA RUIZ3 CIIDIR – IPN Michoacán Justo Sierra 28 59510 Jiquilpan, Michoacán RESUMEN El estudio florístico realizado en el área de la comunidad indígena de Nuevo San Juan Parangaricutiro registró la presencia de 108 familias, con 307 géneros, 716 especies y 16 taxa infraespecíficos, de los cuales, 52 son helechos y afines, 16 gimnospermas, 120 monocotiledóneas y 544 dicotiledóneas. Las familias mejor representadas son: Compositae (135), Leguminosae (58), Gramineae (57), Labiatae (26), Solanaceae (21) Orchidaceae (20) y Polypodiaceae (18). 60.7% de las especies corresponden a la forma de vida herbácea (perenne y anual), 19.1% son arbustos, 10.0% árboles, 4.2% trepadoras, 3.3% epífitas, 1.8% parásitas, “saprófitas” 0.5% y acuáticas 0.4%. ABSTRACT The inventory of the vascular flora in the area of comunidad indígena de Nuevo San Juan Parangaricutiro produced the following results: 108 families with 307 genera, 716 species and 16 infraespecific taxa. From this total 52 species belong to pteridophytes, 16 to gymnosperms, 120 to monocotyledons and 544 to dicotyledons. The best represented families, in terms of species number are: Compositae (135), Leguminosae (58), Gramineae (57), Labiatae (26), Solanaceae (21), Orchidaceae (20), and Polypodiaceae (18). 60.7% of the species are herbaceous (either perennial or annual plants); 19.1% are shrubs, 10.0% trees, 4.2% lianas, 3.3% are epiphytic plants, 1.8% are parasites, “saprophytes” amount to 0.5% and aquatics 0.4%.
    [Show full text]
  • University Microfilms International 300 N
    NEW WORLD SALVIAS CULTIVATED IN THE SOUTHWESTERN UNITED STATES. Item Type text; Thesis-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Starr, Gregory D. Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 03/10/2021 22:51:29 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/275411 INFORMATION TO USERS This reproduction was made from a copy of a document sent to us for microfilming. While the most advanced technology has been used to photograph and reproduce this document, the quality of the reproduction is heavily dependent upon the quality of the material submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help clarify markings or notations which may appear on this reproduction. 1.The sign or "target" for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is "Missing Page(s)". If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting through an image and duplicating adjacent pages to assure complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a round black mark, it is an indication of either blurred copy because of movement during exposure, duplicate copy, or copyrighted materials that should not have been filmed. For blurred pages, a good image of the page can be found in the adjacent frame.
    [Show full text]
  • UNIVERSITY of CALIFORNIA RIVERSIDE Systematics And
    UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA RIVERSIDE Systematics and Ethnobotany of Salvia Subgenus Calosphace and Origins of the Hallucinogenic Sage, Salvia divinorum A Dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Plant Biology by Aaron Allon Jenks March 2009 Dissertation Committee: Dr. Seung-Chul Kim, Chairperson Dr. J. Giles Waines Dr. J. Travis Columbus Copyright by Aaron Allon Jenks 2009 The Dissertation of Aaron Allon Jenks is approved: _________________________________________ _________________________________________ _________________________________________ Committee Chairperson University of California, Riverside ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS A number of individuals and organizations are deserving of thanks and acknowledgement for their contributions, both personal and professional, to the completion of this project. Most of all I would like to thank my wonderful wife, Allison Bacon, for her love and support throughout my years at UC Riverside. She admirably and amiably tolerated our house and yard becoming overgrown with multitudes of sages and a husband obsessed with plants. I love you above all else, Allison. I am also extremely thankful for the newest member of my family, our son Aidan Avery Jenks, who was born during my graduate stint at UCR. With his bright life and joyous inquisitiveness, he has blessed our lives immeasurably. I also thank my parents, Larry and Betty Jenks, for their constant love and their unflagging belief that I could accomplish whatever I set my mind toward. ‘Twas their intruduction to natural world via weekend campouts in the mountains and horse pack-trips into the Wallowas of Eastern Oregon, that early instilled in me a wonder and love of Nature. A number of individuals have directly contributed to the completion of my dissertation.
    [Show full text]
  • Diversidad Y Distribución Del Género Salvia (Lamiaceae) En Michoacán, México
    Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 82: 1279-1296, 2011 http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/ib.20078706e.2011.4.668 Diversidad y distribución del género Salvia (Lamiaceae) en Michoacán, México Diversity and distribution of the genus Salvia (Lamiaceae) in Michoacan, Mexico Guadalupe Cornejo-Tenorio y Guillermo Ibarra-Manríquez Centro de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Antigua carretera a Pátzcuaro 8701, Col. San José de la Huerta 58190 Morelia, Michoacán, México. [email protected] Resumen. Se presenta la riqueza y distribución de las especies de Salvia en los municipios del estado de Michoacán con datos florísticos y ecológicos para cada especie. Con base en trabajo de campo y revisión de ejemplares depositados en los herbarios CIMI, EBUM, ENCB, F, IEB, INIF, MEXU y MO, se registraron 64 especies nativas de Salvia en Michoacán. El 67.2% de éstas son endémicas de México y 4 (6.2%) del área de estudio. Salvia iodantha Fernald y S. mexicana L. fueron las especies con más ejemplares herborizados (140 y 134, respectivamente). Los bosques que albergan el mayor número de especies (40) fueron el de Pinus-Quercus y el de Quercus, en un intervalo altitudinal de 1 500 a 3 000 m. Morelia fue el municipio con más especies registradas (34). En cuanto a las formas de crecimiento, predominan las hierbas perennes o arbustos (86%). El 76.5% de las especies tiene flores azules y/o moradas. La floración se presenta todo el año, con una actividad máxima en octubre. Se sugiere que en un futuro cercano se incremente la exploración florística del género Salvia en Michoacán, especialmente en sus áreas protegidas y en la sierra Madre del Sur.
    [Show full text]
  • Pollinator Adaptation and the Evolution of Floral Nectar Sugar
    doi: 10.1111/jeb.12991 Pollinator adaptation and the evolution of floral nectar sugar composition S. ABRAHAMCZYK*, M. KESSLER†,D.HANLEY‡,D.N.KARGER†,M.P.J.MULLER€ †, A. C. KNAUER†,F.KELLER§, M. SCHWERDTFEGER¶ &A.M.HUMPHREYS**†† *Nees Institute for Plant Biodiversity, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany †Institute of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland ‡Department of Biology, Long Island University - Post, Brookville, NY, USA §Institute of Plant Science, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland ¶Albrecht-v.-Haller Institute of Plant Science, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany **Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Berkshire, UK ††Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, University of Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden Keywords: Abstract asterids; A long-standing debate concerns whether nectar sugar composition evolves fructose; as an adaptation to pollinator dietary requirements or whether it is ‘phylo- glucose; genetically constrained’. Here, we use a modelling approach to evaluate the phylogenetic conservatism; hypothesis that nectar sucrose proportion (NSP) is an adaptation to pollina- phylogenetic constraint; tors. We analyse ~ 2100 species of asterids, spanning several plant families pollination syndrome; and pollinator groups (PGs), and show that the hypothesis of adaptation sucrose. cannot be rejected: NSP evolves towards two optimal values, high NSP for specialist-pollinated and low NSP for generalist-pollinated plants. However, the inferred adaptive process is weak, suggesting that adaptation to PG only provides a partial explanation for how nectar evolves. Additional factors are therefore needed to fully explain nectar evolution, and we suggest that future studies might incorporate floral shape and size and the abiotic envi- ronment into the analytical framework.
    [Show full text]
  • Research Design and General Objectives
    Forest quality in the southwest of Mexico City. Assessment towards ecological restoration of ecosystem services Thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the degree Doctor rer. nat. of the Faculty of Forest and Environmental Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany By Víctor Ávila-Akerberg Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany 2009 Dean: Prof. Dr. Heinz Rennenberg First supervisor: Prof. Dr. Werner Konold Second supervisor: Prof. Dr. Albert Reif Date of disputation: December 9th 2009 Acknowledgements This thesis is dedicated to the forests in the area under study and to my family and friends! Thanks to Dr. Werner Konold, for accepting me as a PhD student, having trusted on my research, for always being there whenever I needed him, and for encouraging and supporting my trips to courses and conferences around the world, vielen Dank! I would like to thank Dr. Albert Reif for being my second supervisor and for the given advice and comments on the thesis. I would like to thank Dr. Lucia Almeida, for having taught me so many things, for believing in me and together having achieved so much in the Magdalena river watershed. My great appreciation goes to Dr. Jorge Meave del Castillo, for advising me and have shared part of his enormous experience and patience on scientific writing. Special thanks go to Esther Muschelknautz, for always being there to answer the administrative questions, attending and organizing the milestones and the extra- curricular courses in the International PhD Program “Forestry in transition”. During the last three years of my life, I have met and shared moments with many wonderful persons.
    [Show full text]
  • Lamiaceae), Una Especie Nueva De La Mixteca Alta De Oaxaca, México
    Acta Botanica Mexicana 109: 1-22 (2014) SALVIA TILANTONGENSIS (LAMIACEAE), UNA ESPECIE NUEVA DE LA MIXTECA ALTA DE OAXACA, MÉXICO JESÚS GUADALUPE GONZÁLEZ-GALLEGOS1, 3 Y REMEDIOS AGUILAR-SANTELISES2 1Universidad de Guadalajara, Departamento de Botánica y Zoología, Herbario “Luz María Villarreal de Puga” del Instituto de Botánica (IBUG), km 15.5 carretera Guadalajara-Nogales, Las Agujas, 45110 Zapopan, Jalisco, México. 2Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional, calle Hornos 1003, 71230 Xoxocotlán, Oaxaca, México. 3Autor para la correspondencia: [email protected] RESUMEN Se describe e ilustra a Salvia tilantongensis como una especie nueva de la Mixteca Alta de Oaxaca, México. El taxon es similar en su morfología a Salvia fulgens y S. gesneriiflora. Se distingue de ambas por su corteza exfoliante, peciolos articulados en un engrosamiento del nudo, hojas más estrechas, brácteas florales de menor tamaño y de ápice más corto, pedicelos más largos durante la fructificación, los lóbulos del cáliz agudos y largamente aristados, lóbulo medio del labio inferior de la corola incurvado cóncavo, filamento y estilo más cortos, y rama inferior del estilo más larga. Además, difiere de S. fulgens por la ausencia de un par de papilas en la porción basal del tubo de la corola. También se provee de descripciones detalladas de S. fulgens y S. gesneriiflora. Palabras clave: endemismo, Salvia fulgens, Salvia gesneriiflora, sección Fulgentes, sección Nobiles. ABSTRACT Salvia tilantongensis
    [Show full text]
  • Sage: the Genus Salvia
    SAGE Copyright © 2000 OPA (Overseas Publishers Association) N.V. Published by license under the Harwood Academic Publishers imprint, part of the Gordon and Breach Publishing Group. Medicinal and Aromatic Plants—Industrial Profiles Individual volumes in this series provide both industry and academia with in-depth coverage of one major medicinal or aromatic plant of industrial importance. Edited by Dr Roland Hardman Volume 1 Valerian edited by Peter J.Houghton Volume 2 Perilla edited by He-Ci Yu, Kenichi Kosuna and Megumi Haga Volume 3 Poppy edited by Jeno Bernáth Volume 4 Cannabis edited by David T.Brown Volume 5 Neem H.S.Puri Volume 6 Ergot edited by Vladimír Kren and Ladislav Cvak Volume 7 Caraway edited by Éva Németh Volume 8 Saffron edited by Moshe Negbi Volume 9 Tea Tree edited by Ian Southwell and Robert Lowe Volume 10 Basil edited by Raimo Hiltunen and Yvonne Holm Volume 11 Fenugreek edited by Georgious Petropoulos Volume 12 Ginkgo biloba edited by Teris A.van Beek Volume 13 Black Pepper edited by P.N.Ravindran Volume 14 Sage edited by Spiridon E.Kintzios Other volumes in preparation Please see the back of this book for other volumes in preparation in Medicinal and Aromatic Plants—Industrial Profiles Copyright © 2000 OPA (Overseas Publishers Association) N.V. Published by license under the Harwood Academic Publishers imprint, part of the Gordon and Breach Publishing Group. SAGE The Genus Salvia Edited by Spiridon E.Kintzios Department of Plant Physiology Faculty of Agricultural Biotechnology Agricultural University of Athens, Greece harwood academic publishers Australia • Canada • France • Germany • India • Japan Luxembourg • Malaysia • The Netherlands • Russia • Singapore Switzerland Copyright © 2000 OPA (Overseas Publishers Association) N.V.
    [Show full text]
  • Plant Availability List – January 7, 2016
    Plant Availability List – January 7, 2016 I will be initiating major upgrades to the web site during winter of 2015. I Have about finished restocking plants from the spring sales. I will be adding utilities later to the nursery as well as making repairs. Propagation from cuttings usually takes 2 weeks to root. Colored dots indicate forecasted availability. Newly struck cuttings are marked by M. Newly potted cuttings are marked with a blue dot M and will be ready in 10 - 21 days, depending on variety and temperatures. Recently re-acquired and new stock plants are marked by a green dot M. Replacement stock plants I need to find a source of are marked by a magenta dot M. Those items without any dot are mostly plants that I have as established stock plants or am not currently offering. More replacements of lost stock plants will be coming. I restrict distribution of plants labeled PP and especially PPAF to comply with royalty agreements. This depends on the source of my propagation stock. I finally have bought a modest number of plugs of some of the more popular patented selections, like Amistad, Mystic Spires, and the Heatwave and Suncrest Dancer series. And of course, Wendy’s Wish and the new Ember’s Wish and Love and Wishes. This trial year to determine interest in these patented plants has worked out well, and pretty much as expected. Shell Dancer has shown to handle the winter of 2014 - 2015 in western Massachusetts well. What other surprises are there? A number of old plants in stock have been repotted.
    [Show full text]