DOCSLIB.ORG

Labor Lockouts in the NBA and Their Effects on Large and Small Market Team Attendance and Revenue

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Labor Lockouts in the NBA and Their Effects on Large and Small Market Team Attendance and Revenue City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works School of Arts & Sciences Theses Hunter College Spring 5-2-2019 Labor Lockouts in the NBA and their Effects on Large and Small Market Team Attendance and Revenue Mohammad Iqbal CUNY Hunter College How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/hc_sas_etds/451 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] Labor lockouts in the NBA and their effects on large and small market team attendance and revenue. by Mohammad Iqbal Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Economics, Hunter College The City University of New York 2019 Thesis Sponsor: May 9, 2019 Matthew J. Baker Date Signature May 9, 2019 Gregory Colman Date Signature of Second Reader ~ 1 ~ Contents Introduction……………………………………………………………………...3 Literature Review……………………………………………………………..…5 Background……………………………………………………………………...6 1. 1999 Lockout 2. 2012 Lockout 3. Market Size Data…………………………………………………………………………...10 Methodology and Results…………………………………………………….11 1. Attendance 2. Revenue Analysis………………………………………………………………………...16 References……………………………………………………………………...20 Tables…………………………………………………………………………...22 Graphs………………………………………………………………………….27 ~ 2 ~ Introduction Professional sports leagues across the United States are routinely recognized as profitable businesses. These leagues have enjoyed the luxury of brand recognition and a loyal customer base for decades. Unfortunately, along with all the benefits, professional sports leagues have also inherited the problems of a profitable industry. One such problem is labor strikes, which are commonly referred to as lockouts in the world of professional sports. In the past, the effects of lockouts in the National Football League (NFL), Major League Baseball (MLB), and the National Hockey League (NHL) have been studied to address the question “do lockouts reduce fan support?” The proxy commonly used to examine fan support is attendance. Past research has shown that lockouts across all three major leagues have had similar effects on league attendance, the only difference being the magnitude. These studies have shown that lockouts had negative short-term effects on fan support. Furthermore, Treber and Mulcahy (2016) found evidence that lockouts in the NHL had negative long-term effects on league revenue. The impact of lockouts in one league: The National Basketball Association (NBA) has not been examined. Thus, the question remains do NBA Lockouts effect fan support. Examining the 1999 and 2012 NBA lockouts, this thesis finds evidence that NBA lockouts effects resemble existing studies on lockouts in other major league sports. The NBA, when compared to the MLB and NFL, is new to lockouts, but other major sports leagues have a long history with them. The NFL, which is viewed as the most valuable sports league in America, was also the first professional sports league to experience a lockout in 1968. According to https://www.football-reference.com/ 1the1968 lockout, while short, started a 1 http://www.espn.com/nfl/topics/_/page/nfl-labor-negotiations ~ 3 ~ trend that haunted professional sports leagues and their respective fans for decades. The 1968 NFL lockout was followed by two more lockouts in 1970 and 1974 but all three would reach resolution early on, and thus had minimal effects on fans of the league. It wasn’t until the 1982 NFL lockout where the effects of the lockout would directly affect the fans of the league. Prior NFL lockouts would reach a resolution before the official start of the season. The 1982 NFL lockout, on the other hand, didn’t reach a resolution until the midway point of the 1982 NFL season. This result would shorten the season to 9 games per team. Becoming the first NFL lockout where the fans lost the opportunity to watch a full season of games. The 1982 NFL lockout wasn’t the last one either. The 1982 NFL lockout was followed by four more NFL lockouts in 1987, 2001, 2011, and 2012. It was evident that fans of the NFL hated lockouts because they had the ability to shorten the season. The MLB is baseball’s - commonly referred to as Americas favorite pass time – professional league. The MLB has a rich history of lockouts. Unlike the NBA and NFL, according to https://www.baseball-reference.com2/ the first ever MLB lockout in 1972 would have a direct effect on the fans of the league. The 1972 season had to cancel 86 games because of its lockout. This would be a common trend for MLB lockouts. The 1981 MLB lockout would cancel 713 game and the 1994 MLB lockout out would cancel the entire season a total of 2,430 games plus the MLB world series. Thus, a grand total of 3,229 MLB games have been lost because of MLB lockouts. This pattern of lockouts plaguing professional sports leagues would soon enter the NBA. The first NBA lockout took place in 1995. Fortunately for the fans, the 1995 NBA lockout would 2 https://www.sportingnews.com/us/mlb/news/mlb-free-agents-labor-dispute- history-1994-1981-strike-1990-lockout-marvin-miller- mlbpa/lhl6crvxn0ya1xrc5n9m915xf ~ 4 ~ only last three months and ended prior to the start of the official NBA season. Thus, this lockout had little to no effect on league attendance. Similarly, the 1996 NBA lockout would not affect fans either, the lockout only lasting a couple of hours. The 1999 NBA lockout would bring a change to the past historical trend of NBA lockouts reaching a resolution prior to the start of the official NBA season. Evidently, the 1999 NBA lockout would cost the league and its fans a total of 982 games. According to https://www.basketball-reference.com/,3 the 1999 NBA lockout would shorten the season by 32 games per team. This new phenomenon of lockouts having a direct effect on the fans would continue in 2012. The 2012 NBA lockout would also shorten the NBA season by 16 games per team, a grand total of 480 games lost that season. This alarming trend of lockouts costing professional sports leagues games, attendance, and revenue had become a new area of study for past researchers and this thesis. Literature Review Research done on the effects of past lockouts seems to lead to similar conclusions. Schmidt and Berri (2002) examined MLB lockouts in 1981 and 1994 found evidence that the lockouts had negative short-term effects on league attendance. Schmidt and Berri (2002) along with Treber and Mulcahy (2016) commonly use the phrase short-term meaning the effects of the lockouts likely dispersing after 2 years. Coates and Harrison (2005) examined the same MLB lockouts in 1981 and 1994 and found a similar short-lived effect on league attendance. Neither was able to find conclusive evidence of the lockouts having effects that last past 2 years. 3 https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2011/06/the-nba-lockout-heres- what-you-need-to-know/241251/ ~ 5 ~ Schmidt and Berri (2004) subsequently studied lockouts that have occurred in the NFL and NHL. Schmidt and Berri (2004) once again found no evidence of long-term effects on league attendance across all three major league sports. Treber and Mulcahy (2016), on the other hand, when expanding the research done by Schmidt and Berri (2004), found evidence to the contrary. Originally studies on lockouts were examined to determine if there was a possibility of lockouts hindering fan support, as measured by fan attendance. Treber and Mulcahy (2016) however used revenue as their proxy for fan support. When examining these leagues as a business the financial effects of these lockouts become transparent. Every lockout involves sizable upfront costs for all parties involved. During the duration of lockouts, players lose game- day salary and team owners will forego revenue. But the true cost over time owes to the loss of fan support, which is feared to be permanently altered by lockouts. It is this fear of lookouts altering fan demand that leads to the question, do lockouts fundamentally change fan support? Thus, examining the effect of the lockout on revenue along with attendance should show if lockouts have the potential to change support. Schmidt and Berri (2004) and Coates and Harrison (2005) didn’t have the luxury of studying the revenue effects of lockouts because the data was unavailable at the time. Treber and Mulcahy (2016), on the other hand, had revenue data available. Treber and Mulcahy’s (2016) examination of the 1994, 2004 and 2013 lockouts on NHL revenues and attendance found evidence of long-term negative effects on league revenue. It remains to be seen if these effects can be observed in other sports leagues, such as the NBA. ~ 6 ~ Background 1. 1999 Lockout Before studying the statistical impact of the lockouts, it is important to understand the details and circumstances the led to the lockouts experienced by the NBA. The NBA, as one of the most prominent sports leagues in the Untitled States, had been reaping the benefit of decades of success, but signs of a downturn in the year 1998 were beginning to create concern. Sales of NBA apparel were down, and teams were losing money. Paul D. Staudohar (2014) During his research found that attendance had fallen by 15 percent in certain cites during the 1998 season. There was no clear reason as to why the league was facing this unexpected downturn. Thus, with the leagues experiencing some unfamiliar turmoil both the team owners and players knew there were going to be changes made to the collective bargaining agreement. The collective bargaining agreement was a legally enforceable contract for a specified period between the management of an organization (team owners) and its employees(players).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Open Andrew Bryant SHC Thesis.Pdf
    THE PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY SCHREYER HONORS COLLEGE DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS REVISITING THE SUPERSTAR EXTERNALITY: LEBRON’S ‘DECISION’ AND THE EFFECT OF HOME MARKET SIZE ON EXTERNAL VALUE ANDREW DAVID BRYANT SPRING 2013 A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for baccalaureate degrees in Mathematics and Economics with honors in Economics Reviewed and approved* by the following: Edward Coulson Professor of Economics Thesis Supervisor David Shapiro Professor of Economics Honors Adviser * Signatures are on file in the Schreyer Honors College. i ABSTRACT The movement of superstar players in the National Basketball Association from small- market teams to big-market teams has become a prominent issue. This was evident during the recent lockout, which resulted in new league policies designed to hinder this flow of talent. The most notable example of this superstar migration was LeBron James’ move from the Cleveland Cavaliers to the Miami Heat. There has been much discussion about the impact on the two franchises directly involved in this transaction. However, the indirect impact on the other 28 teams in the league has not been discussed much. This paper attempts to examine this impact by analyzing the effect that home market size has on the superstar externality that Hausman & Leonard discovered in their 1997 paper. A road attendance model is constructed for the 2008-09 to 2011-12 seasons to compare LeBron’s “superstar effect” in Cleveland versus his effect in Miami. An increase of almost 15 percent was discovered in the LeBron superstar variable, suggesting that the move to a bigger market positively affected LeBron’s fan appeal.
    [Show full text]
  • Worst Nba Record Ever
    Worst Nba Record Ever Richard often hackle overside when chicken-livered Dyson hypothesizes dualistically and fears her amicableness. Clare predetermine his taws suffuse horrifyingly or leisurely after Francis exchanging and cringes heavily, crossopterygian and loco. Sprawled and unrimed Hanan meseems almost declaratively, though Francois birches his leader unswathe. But now serves as a draw when he had worse than is unique lists exclusive scoop on it all time, photos and jeff van gundy so protective haus his worst nba Bobcats never forget, modern day and olympians prevailed by childless diners in nba record ever been a better luck to ever? Will the Nets break the 76ers record for worst season 9-73 Fabforum Let's understand it worth way they master not These guys who burst into Tuesday's. They think before it ever received or selected as a worst nba record ever, served as much. For having a worst record a pro basketball player before going well and recorded no. Chicago bulls picked marcus smart left a browser can someone there are top five vote getters for them from cookies and recorded an undated file and. That the player with silver second-worst 3PT ever is Antoine Walker. Worst Records of hope Top 10 NBA Players Who Ever Played. Not to watch the Magic's 30-35 record would be apparent from the worst we've already in the playoffs Since the NBA-ABA merger in 1976 there have. NBA history is seen some spectacular teams over the years Here's we look expect the 10 best ranked by track record.
    [Show full text]
  • Labor Relations in the NBA: the Analysis of Labor Conflicts Between Owners, Players, and Management from 1998-2006
    1 Labor Relations in the NBA: The Analysis of Labor Conflicts Between Owners, Players, and Management from 1998-2006 Steven Raymond Brown Jr. Haverford College Department of Sociology Advisor, Professor William Hohenstein Spring 2007 2 Table of Contents Abstract……………………………………………………….………………………..1 Introduction: Financial States of Players and Owners post-1998 NBA Lockout/State of Collective Bargaining post-1998 NBA Lockout. …………………………………4 Part One: The 1998 NBA Lockout …………………………………………………..11 Players’ Perspective………………………………………………………..12 Owner’s Perspective……………………………………………………….13 Racial and Social Differences……………………………………………...14 Capital and Labor Productivity……………………………………………16 Representation of Owners/Group Solidarity………………………………17 Management’s Perspective/Outcome of Lockout…………………………...19 Part Two: The NBA’s Image ………...........................................................................23 Stereotypes of NBA players in the workforce……………………………...24 Marketing of NBA Players…………………………..…………………….26 The Dress Code…………………………………………………………….31 Technical Foul Enforcement………………………………………………34 Part Three: The Game…………………………………………………………………38 Player’s Perspective………………………………………………………39 Management s Perspective………………………………………………..40 Blocking/Charging Fouls…………………………………………………41 Hand-Checking……………………………………………………………44 New Basketball……………………………………………………………45 Impact of Rule Changes on NBA Image…………………………………..48 Part Four: The Age Limit………………………….....................................................53 Players/ Denial of Worker’s Rights………………………………………..54
    [Show full text]
  • The 2011 Collective Bargaining Agreement's Impact
    The New Landscape of the NBA: The 2011 Collective Bargaining Agreement’s Impact on Competitive Balance and Players’ Salaries Nicholas Yam Professor Peter Arcidiacono, Faculty Advisor Duke University Durham, North Carolina 2015 Nicholas graduated from Duke University with a Bachelor of Science in Economics. Following graduation, he will begin working at Citigroup as an Investment Banking Analyst. He can be reached at [email protected] with any questions. Table of Contents I. Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 4 II. Literature Review ............................................................................................................................... 10 III. Competitive Balance ........................................................................................................................... 16 A. Theoretical Framework .................................................................................................................................... 16 B. Data ........................................................................................................................................................................ 18 C. Empirical Specification .................................................................................................................................... 20 IV. Player Salaries ....................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • MEDIA GUIDE VLADE DIVAC GENERAL MANAGER Vlade Divac Enters His Sixth Season at the Kings, His Fifth As General Manager
    2019-20 PRESEASON MEDIA GUIDE VLADE DIVAC GENERAL MANAGER Vlade Divac enters his sixth season at the Kings, his fifth as General Manager. He joined the Kings on March 3, 2015 as the team’s vice president of basketball and franchise operations and was named General Manager on August 31, 2015. One of the most respected and revered individuals in franchise history, Divac returns to Sacramento having spent more than a decade serving the NBA and international sporting communities with the same distinction that solidified his reputation as a consummate teammate, player, humanitarian and overall difference-maker on and off the basketball court. Divac has served in a variety of administrative and leadership roles since retiring from professional basketball in 2007. In addition to his philanthropic efforts focused on helping children in his native country and other reaches of the globe, he was named President of the Serbian Olympic Committee in 2009. Under his guidance, Serbian athletes have enjoyed greater success and the country is experiencing a resurgence on the international stage. In 16 NBA campaigns with Los Angeles, Charlotte and Sacramento, Divac averaged 11.8 points, 8.2 rebounds, 3.1 assists, 1.1 steals, and 1.4 blocks per game over 1,134 contests. He is only one of four players in league annals to accrue at least 13,000 points, 9,000 rebounds, 3,000 assists, 1,200 steals and 1,600 blocked shots, joining Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, Hakeem Olajuwon and Kevin Garnett with that distinction. His six seasons in a Kings uniform marked the most successful period in team history, including a league-high 61 wins in 2001-02 and a trip to the Western Conference Finals.
    [Show full text]
  • The New NBA Collective: the Changing Role of Agents In
    Vanderbilt Journal of Entertainment & Technology Law Volume 2 Issue 1 Winter 2000 Article 7 2000 The Changing Role of Agents in Professional Basketball Bappa Mukherji Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.vanderbilt.edu/jetlaw Part of the Agency Commons, and the Entertainment, Arts, and Sports Law Commons Recommended Citation Bappa Mukherji, The Changing Role of Agents in Professional Basketball, 2 Vanderbilt Journal of Entertainment and Technology Law 96 (2020) Available at: https://scholarship.law.vanderbilt.edu/jetlaw/vol2/iss1/7 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarship@Vanderbilt Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in Vanderbilt Journal of Entertainment & Technology Law by an authorized editor of Scholarship@Vanderbilt Law. For more information, please contact [email protected]. .. sports The Changing Role New NB ofCollective Agents in Professional Basketball By Bappa Mukherji T 1990s were a period of unmitigated success for the National Basketball Association ("NBA"). Michael Jordan, the league's most popular player and one of the world's most recognized athletes, led his Chicago Bulls to six world championships in the decade and the NBA finals to higher television ratings. Even though Jordan announced his retirement in 1998, the league does not suffer from a lack of super- stars poised to take his place. While the league may have lost Larry Bird as a player, it later regained him as a coach. Ervin "Magic" Johnson's retirement due to contracting HIV could have proven difficult for the league; instead, he was hailed as a hero for courageously speaking out on his disease.
    [Show full text]
  • The NBA and the Great Recession: Implications for the Upcoming Collective Bargaining Agreement Renegotiation
    DePaul Journal of Sports Law Volume 6 Issue 2 Spring 2010 Article 4 The NBA and the Great Recession: Implications for the Upcoming Collective Bargaining Agreement Renegotiation Matthew J. Parlow Follow this and additional works at: https://via.library.depaul.edu/jslcp Recommended Citation Matthew J. Parlow, The NBA and the Great Recession: Implications for the Upcoming Collective Bargaining Agreement Renegotiation, 6 DePaul J. Sports L. & Contemp. Probs. 195 (2010) Available at: https://via.library.depaul.edu/jslcp/vol6/iss2/4 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the College of Law at Via Sapientiae. It has been accepted for inclusion in DePaul Journal of Sports Law by an authorized editor of Via Sapientiae. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE NBA AND THE GREAT RECESSION: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE UPCOMING COLLECTIVE BARGAINING AGREEMENT RENEGOTIATION Matthew J. Parlow* I. INTRODUCTION Like most businesses, the National Basketball Association (NBA) has suffered significant negative impacts from the Great Recession. The league's drop in revenue exposed distinct flaws in the NBA's cur- rent business model and in the terms of employment for NBA players. Due to the precarious economic state of the NBA, the league antici- pates a contentious, but necessary, renegotiation of the NBA's collec- tive bargaining agreement (CBA), which will expire at the end of the 2010-11 season. This article will analyze the effects of the Great Re- cession on the NBA and the likely implications for the renegotiation of the CBA. Part II of this article will provide a macro-level overview of the economic impacts experienced by the NBA during the current economic meltdown.
    [Show full text]
  • The Economic Impact of the NBA's Thunder on Oklahoma City
    University of Arkansas, Fayetteville ScholarWorks@UARK Economics Undergraduate Honors Theses Economics 5-2012 Sports Economics - The conomicE Impact of the NBA's Thunder on Oklahoma City David Noudaranouvong University of Arkansas, Fayetteville Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.uark.edu/econuht Part of the Regional Economics Commons Recommended Citation Noudaranouvong, David, "Sports Economics - The cE onomic Impact of the NBA's Thunder on Oklahoma City" (2012). Economics Undergraduate Honors Theses. 1. http://scholarworks.uark.edu/econuht/1 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Economics at ScholarWorks@UARK. It has been accepted for inclusion in Economics Undergraduate Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UARK. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Sports Economics - The Economic Impact of the NBA’s Thunder on Oklahoma City By David Noudaranouvong Advisor: Dr. Robert Stapp An Honors Thesis in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Bachelor of Science in Business Administration Business Economics Sam M. Walton College of Business University of Arkansas Fayetteville, Arkansas May 11, 2012 1 Table of Contents Abstract.......................................................................................................................................3 Overview.....................................................................................................................................3 Hypothesis...................................................................................................................................4
    [Show full text]
  • Implementing a Franchise Player Designation System in the National Basketball Association
    \\jciprod01\productn\H\HLS\6-2\HLS203.txt unknown Seq: 1 6-NOV-15 7:48 Implementing a Franchise Player Designation System in the National Basketball Association Scott Bukstein, University of Central Florida Jacob Eisenberg, Emory University During the most recent Collective Bargaining Agreement (CBA) nego- tiation process in 2010-11 between National Basketball Association (NBA) team owners and the National Basketball Players Association (NBPA), the owners proposed adding a new element to the then-current free agency rules—a “franchise player designation.”1 A franchise tag would have al- lowed each NBA team to designate one player (who would otherwise have been a free agent) as a “franchise player” each season. That player would only be allowed to sign a contract with his incumbent (i.e., prior) team. The primary purposes of a franchise tag system are to reduce the probability of a team losing its best player(s) in free agency as well as increase the likelihood that teams are able to retain their key players for the maximum number of years possible. The ideal outcome is that a player and his prior team agree to a long-term contract extension to avoid application of the franchise player designation altogether.2 The NBA owners proposed a variation of the National Football League’s (NFL) franchise tag. Unlike the franchise tag system in the NFL, the model proposed by NBA owners would have required a player’s consent to being “franchise-tagged.”3 In addition, the “tagged” players would have also received contract sweeteners that “untagged” players would not be eli- gible to receive (for example, longer contract length, higher overall salary 1 Kurt Helin, Report: NBA Proposes Franchise Tag, Non-Guaranteed Contracts, SI.com, (May 11, 2011) http://nba.nbcsports.com/tag/franchise-tag.
    [Show full text]
  • Lessons from the NBA Lockout: Union Democracy, Public Support, and the Folly of the National Basketball Players Association
    Oklahoma Law Review Volume 67 Number 1 2014 Lessons from the NBA Lockout: Union Democracy, Public Support, and the Folly of the National Basketball Players Association Matthew Parlow Marquette University Law School, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.law.ou.edu/olr Part of the Entertainment, Arts, and Sports Law Commons, and the Labor and Employment Law Commons Recommended Citation Matthew Parlow, Lessons from the NBA Lockout: Union Democracy, Public Support, and the Folly of the National Basketball Players Association, 67 OKLA. L. REV. 1 (2014), https://digitalcommons.law.ou.edu/olr/vol67/iss1/1 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by University of Oklahoma College of Law Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Oklahoma Law Review by an authorized editor of University of Oklahoma College of Law Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. OKLAHOMA LAW REVIEW VOLUME 67 FALL 2014 NUMBER 1 LESSONS FROM THE NBA LOCKOUT: UNION DEMOCRACY, PUBLIC SUPPORT, AND THE FOLLY OF THE NATIONAL BASKETBALL PLAYERS ASSOCIATION MATTHEW J. PARLOW* Abstract By most accounts, the National Basketball Players Association (NBPA)—the union representing the players in the NBA—conceded a significant amount of money and other contractual terms in the new ten- year collective bargaining agreement1 (2011 Agreement2) that ended the 2011 NBA lockout. Player concessions were predictable because the NBA’s economic structure desperately needed an overhaul. The magnitude of such concessions, however, was startling. The substantial changes in the division of basketball-related income, contract lengths and amounts, salary cap provisions, and revenue sharing rendered the NBA lockout—and the resulting 2011 Agreement—a near-complete victory for the owners.
    [Show full text]
  • Philadelphia's NBA Franchise Has Been Losing Games and Fans For
    some SAVE Philadelphia’s NBA franchise has been losing games and fans for most of the last decade. This fall a group of alumni investors led by Joshua Harris W’86 bought the team and have big plans for turning around this troubled asset. Is that crazy? BY DAVE ZEITLIN 48 MARCH | APRIL 2012 THE PENNSYLVANIA GAZETTE ILLUSTRATION BY JAY BEVENOUR From left: 76ers owners David Blitzer W’91, Joshua Harris W’86, Marc Leder W’83, and Art Wrubel W’87. THE PENNSYLVANIA GAZETTE MARCH | APRIL 2012 49 ave for one older gentleman Adam Aron (he didn’t go to Penn but By the way Harris says the word pas- checking out, it’s a quiet Saturday his son does), whose hyperactivity on sionate, you can tell he’s referring to Smorning inside the lobby of the Twitter engages fans on a whole new the love-hate relationship Philadelphia Four Seasons Hotel. Cool jazz accompanies level. They started a website called sports fans are notorious for having with the rhythmic drip-drop of a soothing water- NewSixersOwner.com, where Sixers their local teams’ players, coaches—and fall. There are few other noticeable sounds, supporters can offer their feedback on owners. They’ll love you when you win, not even from outside on the Benjamin ways to improve the organization. And but they hold you very much accountable Franklin Parkway, where cars have yet to they slashed ticket prices, added new if you lose. How he would handle that emerge from their Friday night slumber. promotions and improved concessions, criticism was certainly a concern.
    [Show full text]
  • Yes, NBA Players Should Make More Money: How the NLRB Can Change the Future of Collective Bargaining Agreements in Professional Sports Sam Ivo Burum
    American University Law Review Volume 63 | Issue 3 Article 4 2014 Yes, NBA Players Should Make More Money: How the NLRB can Change the Future of Collective Bargaining Agreements in Professional Sports Sam Ivo Burum Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.wcl.american.edu/aulr Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Burum, Sam Ivo. "Yes, NBA Players Should Make More Money: How the NLRB can Change the Future of Collective Bargaining Agreements in Professional Sports ." American University Law Review 63, no.3 (2014): 845-878. This Comment is brought to you for free and open access by the Washington College of Law Journals & Law Reviews at Digital Commons @ American University Washington College of Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in American University Law Review by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ American University Washington College of Law. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Yes, NBA Players Should Make More Money: How the NLRB can Change the Future of Collective Bargaining Agreements in Professional Sports Keywords National Basketball Association, National Labor Relations Board, Strikes & lockouts -- Basketball, Collective bargaining -- Sports, Antitrust law -- United States, Labor laws & legislation -- United States This comment is available in American University Law Review: http://digitalcommons.wcl.american.edu/aulr/vol63/iss3/4 BURUM.OFF.TO.WEBSITE (DO NOT DELETE) 4/2/2014 2:45 PM YES, NBA PLAYERS SHOULD MAKE MORE MONEY: HOW THE NLRB CAN CHANGE THE FUTURE OF COLLECTIVE BARGAINING AGREEMENTS IN PROFESSIONAL SPORTS SAM IVO BURUM* As lockouts in professional sports have become increasingly common in recent years, the means to resolve these lockouts have also become more important.
    [Show full text]