UPGRADE OF MAIN ROAD 435, COEGA INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ZONE, EASTERN CAPE
FINAL SCOPING REPORT
Prepared by Coastal & Environmental Services P.O. Box 934 Grahamstown 6140
For Coega Industrial Development Zone and Port Libra Chambers Oakworth Road Humerail Port Elizabeth 6001
C/O Ninham Shand/Manong & Associates Joint Venture 120 Villiers Road Walmer 6070 Port Elizabeth
March 2005 Coastal & Environmental Services
TABLE OF CONTENT
SECTION 1: SCOPING REPORT ...... 1
1. INTRODUCTION ...... 1 1.1 Background ...... 1 1.2 Brief project description ...... 1 1.3 Alternatives ...... 2 1.4 Project methodology ...... 2 1.5 Scope of work ...... 3 1.6 Study team ...... 4 1.7 Structure of report ...... 4 2. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT PROCESS ...... 5 2.1 Introduction ...... 5 2.2 Scoping phase ...... 6 2.3 Consultation in this scoping study ...... 6 2.3.1 Authority involvement ...... 6 2.3.2 Public involvement ...... 7 3. RELEVANT LEGISLATION ...... 8 4. SITE DESCRIPTION ...... 11 4.1 Climate ...... 11 4.2 Geology ...... 11 4.3 Soils ...... 12 4.4 Geohydrology ...... 12 4.5 Vegetation and floristics ...... 12 4.5.1 Methodology of investigation ...... 13 4.5.2 Vegetation of the Eastern Cape ...... 13 4.5.3 Vegetation of the Coega area ...... 13 4.5.4 Mesic Succulent Thicket or Sundays River Thicket ...... 14 4.5.5 Species of special concern ...... 16 4.5.6 Alien Invasion ...... 16 4.6 Fauna ...... 17 4.6.1 Birds ...... 17 4.6.2 Reptiles ...... 17 4.6.3 Amphibians ...... 17 4.6.4 Mammals ...... 17 4.6.5 Terrestrial invertebrates ...... 18 4.7 Areas of archaeological and cultural significance ...... 18 4.8 Socio-economic environment ...... 18 5. PROJECT DESCRIPTION ...... 19 5.1 Introduction ...... 19 5.2 General description ...... 19 5.3 Alignment ...... 20 5.3.1 Horizontal ...... 20 5.3.2 Vertical ...... 21 5.4 Width ...... 22 5.5 Link Roads ...... 22 5.6 Stormwater management ...... 22 5.7 Phases of construction ...... 23 5.8 Pedestrian/cyclist accommodation ...... 23 5.9 Street lighting ...... 23 5.10 Steep slopes ...... 24 5.11 Borrow pits ...... 24 5.12 River crossings ...... 24
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5.12.1 Coega River ...... 24 5.12.2 Brak River ...... 26 5.13 Railway bridges ...... 26 5.13.1 Road-over-rail: Motherwell Commuter Line ...... 26 5.13.2 Road-over-rail: Coega /Motherwell Commuter line...... 26 5.13.3 Road-over-rail: Spoornet & Future SARCC Commuter lines ...... 27 5.13.4 Rail over Road Bridges on Link Roads ...... 27 5.13.5 SARCC commuter line, Coega Loop...... 27 5.13.6 SARCC commuter line, Motherwell Loop...... 27 5.14 Materials balance ...... 27 5.15 Services ...... 29 5.15.1 Eskom ...... 29 5.15.2 Nelson Mandela Metropolitan Municipality ...... 29 5.15.3 Telkom ...... 30 5.15.4 Eastern Cape Provincial Roads Authority ...... 30 5.16 Town planning ...... 30 5.17 Social responsibility ...... 30 6. IDENTIFIED ISSUES ...... 31 6.1 Issue 1: Natural vegetation ...... 31 6.2 Issue 2: Fauna ...... 34 6.3 issue 3: Loss of topsoil and soil erosion ...... 35 6.4 Issue 4: Crossing the Coega and brak Rivers ...... 35 6.5 Issue 5: Visual intrusion ...... 39 6.6 Issue 6: Construction related issues ...... 39 7. CONCLUSION ...... 39 8. REFERENCES ...... 41
SECTION 2: CONSTRUCTION ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ...... 42
1. INTRODUCTION ...... 42 2. ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY ...... 42 2.1 Construction environmental policy ...... 42 2.2 Environmental legislation and guidelines ...... 42 2.3 Method statements ...... 43 3. SITE PROCEDURES ...... 43 3.1 Environmental awareness training ...... 43 3.2 Demarcation of the site ...... 43 3.3 Location of site office and depot ...... 44 3.4 Toilets ...... 44 3.5 Refuse ...... 44 3.6 Storage and use of hazardous materials ...... 44 3.7 Hazardous waste ...... 45 3.8 Protection of natural resources ...... 45 3.9 Stockpiling of materials ...... 45 3.10 Blasting activities ...... 46 3.11 Cut and fill slopes ...... 46 3.12 Batching sites ...... 46 3.13 Pollution and stormwater management ...... 46 3.14 Discharge of construction water ...... 47 3.15 Servicing/refuelling of construction vehicles ...... 47 3.16 Use of cement/concrete ...... 48 3.17 Safety ...... 48 3.18 Noise ...... 48 3.19 Dust control ...... 48 3.20 Air pollution ...... 49 3.21 Source of materials ...... 49
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3.22 Emergency procedures ...... 49 3.23 Sites of archaeological or cultural significance ...... 49 3.24 General ...... 50 4. REHABILITATION ...... 50 4.1 Removal of vegetation and excavation ...... 50 4.2 Site rehabilitation ...... 50 5. COMPLIANCE AND PENALTIES ...... 50
APPENDICES ...... 52
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SECTION 1: SCOPING REPORT
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND
The Coega Industrial Development Zone (IDZ) is situated in the Eastern Cape Province, along the north-eastern coastline of Algoa Bay, approximately 20km from Port Elizabeth. The Main Road 435 (MR435) is located on the northern boundary of the Core Development Area (CDA) of the Coega IDZ (Figure 1 –Appendix 1). The road is expected to play a significant role both during phase I and during the full IDZ development. MR435 will be classified as a major internal collector/distributor and will be expected to carry significant numbers of vehicles once the IDZ is developed (Ninham Shand/Manong & Associates Joint Venture, 2005a).
The majority of the MR435 falls within the Core Development Area (CDA), the initial approximately 600m, falling outside the CDA. Upgrading of the MR435 was included in the rezoning EIA for the CDA, but the initial 600m was not included as it falls outside of the CDA.
In terms of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), regulation 1182 of the Environmental Conservation Act (No 73 of 1989), “the construction, erection and upgrading of roads”, has been identified as an activity that may have a substantial detrimental effect on the environment. The proposed upgrading of MR435 is therefore subject to an EIA as outlined in regulation 1183. In addition, the works must conform to the new National Environmental Management Act (NEMA) (Act 107 of 1998), as these two Acts jointly regulate the management of the environment.
Since the majority of the road was included in the rezoning EIA, this report has primarily assessed the impacts resulting from upgrading the first section outside of the CDA. The report, however, also assesses the impacts related to the sensitive vegetation, process area and the Coega River, and mitigation measures are included in Section 2, the Construction Environmental Management Plan (CEMP).
1.2 BRIEF PROJECT DESCRIPTION
It is proposed to upgrade the existing MR435 from a single carriageway to a dual (ultimate 8-lane) carriageway, in two phases, to accommodate the anticipated increase in traffic due to the development of the Coega Industrial Development Zone. The road is approximately 10km long and will require substantial cut and fill to accommodate the proposed alignment and the crossing of the
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Coega River and the existing railway line. The proposed upgrade predominantly follows the existing route.
The project is currently in a preliminary design phase. The description of the preliminary design of the road has been abstracted from the report presented by Ninham Shand/Manong & Associates Joint Venture. Mitigation measures presented in this report will be included in the final design of the road.
1.3 ALTERNATIVES
No alternatives to the majority of the route were considered as the road already exists and has already been assessed in the Rezoning EIA. An alternative to a section of the route has, however been suggested by Ninham Shand/Manong & Associates Joint Venture. (Appendix 8).
Option 1 follows a curvilinear alignment with three right hand turns and one to the left, basically keeping to the route of the existing road alignment through a valley to then enter into the flood plain of the Coega River.
Option 2 follows an alignment 130m to the west with the benefit of only one right hand curve, but traversing a hillside which requires an 11,5m deep cutting at the deepest point.
The engineers have recommended Option 2 for the following reasons:
The double or broken-back curve required by Option 1 is generally considered undesirable for roads of this class.
Option 1 follows the existing road and crosses a watercourse. It is preferable to realign the road and re-instate the watercourse.
1.4 PROJECT METHODOLOGY
A checklist of potential impacts was utilised during the site visit, and was coupled with work shopping the potential significant impacts amongst the environmental consulting team. The site visit with the Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism (DEAT), and the Department of Economic Affairs, Environment and Tourism (DEAET) and CDC, helped with the identification of issues and clarification on relevant legislations.
The participation of Interested and Affected Parties (IAPs) was initiated at the start of the project and will continue through the EIA process. Public participation is essential for the process in order
Upgrading of Main Road 435, Coega: Final Scoping Report 2 Coastal and Environmental Services to gain some insight into issues and objections. Public participation is part of the methodology in which environmental issues can be identified with the assistance of local IAPs.
The road runs through Mesic Succulent Thicket (MST), a threatened vegetation type, therefore, a botanical specialist was appointed to examine the significance of the loss of the indigenous vegetation of the site. During the site visit botanical sampling was undertaken at various locations (every 1 km) along the proposed route to assist with the vegetation classification. The road also crosses the Coega and Brak Rivers, therefore, a water specialist was consulted with regards to impacts associated with this and with bridge design criteria.
1.5 SCOPE OF WORK
The purpose of this study is to provide an Environmental Impact Assessment Scoping Report for the road upgrade within the Coega IDZ. This study must assess the environmental impacts associated with the construction of the road along the existing alignment, in terms of the provisions of an Environmental Scoping Report. However, owing to the large amount of studies available limited specialist studies were undertaken as environmental issues have already been identified. The approach is detailed in the Plan of Study.
Environmental impacts were therefore identified for the proposed road upgrade and were assessed with a view to impact minimisation and management.
Extensive use has been made of the wealth of baseline information that is available from the various environment studies conducted for the Port and IDZ. These include: The Plant Species Relocation Survey: Conveyor Alignment (Tony Dold Selmar Schonland Herbarium Rhodes University, September 2003). Botanical Comparison of New and Original Conveyor Route (Neal Carter Arcus Gibb, September 2003) The Pechiney Smelter Project EIR The Subsequent Port EIR The Rezoning EIR The Coega Open Space Management Plan
The environmental issues arising from and seen to be specifically related to the road were addressed. The alignment was also considered in the context of the now clearly defined and approved boundaries for the IDZ‟s Open Space System.
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1.6 STUDY TEAM
The study has been managed and co-ordinated by Ms Michelle Griffith of Coastal & Environmental Services (CES). The scoping report was prepared by Ms. Griffith and Dr G. Enongene. Miss D. Vromans prepared the botanical assessment and Dr. P. Sherman was consulted regarding the rivers. Ninham Shand/Manong & Associates Joint Venture (the design engineers for the road) has supplied the technical information, which has been used in this report.
1.7 STRUCTURE OF REPORT
Section 1 of this report contains the scoping report in which the project and study area are described. The identified issues are presented and their significance ratings including recommended mitigation measures are also given. The mitigation measures have been carried through to Section 2 (CEMP) and have been translated into specifications for the construction phase. The purposed of the CEMP is to ensure that the significance of the impacts identified is reduced during the construction phases.
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2. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT PROCESS
2.1 INTRODUCTION
An EIA involves three phases, namely the scoping phase, the environmental impact assessment phase and the record of decision phase. Consultation with the relevant authorities is the first step in the process. The main purpose of this step is to clarify the requirements of the regulations and procedures to be followed. The level of an impact assessment will depend on the nature and extent of the project, its complexity, the sensitivity of the environment, and issues identified during the scoping process. The first phase is concluded with the production of a scoping report and public review. The scoping report is lodged with the relevant authorities (DEAT), who will take a decision on whether the project can go ahead or not, and whether a complete EIA is required to further investigate issues and alternatives identified during the scoping phase. The EIA phase on the other hand is concluded with the production of a specialist report, an environmental impact report (EIR) and public review, and comments report. DEAT will be responsible for the record of decision and they will issue the record of decision (i.e. the third phase), which may be appealed by the public.
The EIA for the proposed upgrading of MR435 is presently in the scoping phase (Figure 2.1). This phase serves primarily to inform the public and relevant authorities about the proposed project and to determine any impacts. Should all impacts and issues be adequately addressed in the scoping phase, the scoping report will serve as the final document. However, if not, the EIA will proceed into the next stage.
Reviews of previous studies
Site visit with CDC, DEAET and DEAT
Prepare plan of study for scoping
Acceptance by DEAT of scope and plan of study
Advertise project and register IAPs
Contact IAPs and request comments or concerns
Preparation of draft scoping report
Review of draft scoping by authorities and public WE ARE HERE Submission of final scoping report to DEAT
Record of decision or terms of reference for environmental impact assessment
Figure 2.1: A schematic representation of the process being followed for this scoping study
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2.2 SCOPING PHASE
The scoping phase has four key objectives:
To provide for the involvement of Interested and Affected Parties (IAPs) in the identification of issues;
To identify reasonable alternatives;
To ensure that all key issues and environmental impacts that will be generated by the project are identified; and
To identify any Fatal Flaws.
IAPs play an important role in the process, as many of their concerns and issues can be included in the project proposal, to ensure a development which is as environmentally acceptable as possible. The full involvement of IAPs in the process ensures an open participatory approach to the study and ensures that all the impacts are identified and that planning and decision-making are informed, transparent and accountable.
The draft scoping report is released for public and authority review. Additional comments, issues and concerns raised by IAPs and the authorities are included in the final scoping report. The scoping report is lodged with the relevant authorities, who will decide whether the project can go ahead or not, and/or whether an EIA is required to further investigate issues and alternatives. Should an EIA not be required, the Record of Decision is issued at this stage.
2.3 CONSULTATION IN THIS SCOPING STUDY
This scoping study is guided by the principles outlined in the Environmental Impact Management Guideline document, published by the then Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism (DEAT, 1998). This implies an open, participatory approach to the study and the full involvement of IAPs in order to ensure that all the impacts are identified and that planning and decision-making is informed, transparent and accountable.
2.3.1 AUTHORITY INVOLVEMENT
The following authority consultation has been conducted:
CES undertook a site visit with Mr Vincent Matabane of the Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism (DEAT), Mr Andries Struwig of the Department of Economic Affairs, Environment and Tourism (DEAET), Port Elizabeth and Ms Jackie Fort of the Coega Development Corporation (Pty) Ltd at the onset of the project. The purpose of this consultation was to introduce the authority concerned to the project and to discuss issues that
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could be identified and the Plan of Study, which indicates the procedure to be followed and includes an estimated time frame for each activity.
The original application for authorisation as well as a Plan of Study was submitted by Ninham Shand to Ms Ntombizodwa Zimu (DEAT) and was approved on the October 1, 2004. However, since CES was commissioned to complete the scoping phase of the project, the application for authorization was re-submitted to Mr Vincent Matabane (DEAT) to indicate the change in consultant. Mr A. Struwig of provincial DEAET is the local authority assigned to this project.
2.3.2 PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT
Opportunities that were given for public involvement of IAPs included the following:
The project was advertised in Die Burger on the February 9, 2005 and in the E.P. Herald on February 10, 2005 informing the public of the project and inviting all IAPs to register. The purpose of this exercise was to afford all IAPs with adequate opportunity to have input into the environmental process. No IAPs registered as a result of these advertisements.
A Background Information Document (BID) was posted to all members of CDC‟s Environmental Liaison Committee (ELC).
A letter was sent to all the IAPs included on CDCs IAP database to inform them of the project and the availability of the draft scoping report for comment.
Copies of the advert, the BID, letter and the IAPS database are attached in Appendix 2.
The draft report was made available for download on CES website (www.cesnet.co.za) for four weeks. Copies of the draft scoping report were also sent to all IAPs who requested, Ninham Shand and the authorities.
Comments made on the draft scoping report have been included in this final scoping report which has been submitted to national DEAT for approval and provincial DEAET for comment.
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3. RELEVANT LEGISLATION
Relevant administrative, legal and policy requirements, which the developer will be responsible for carrying out during the construction and operation of the road, are:
National Environmental Management Act (No. 107 of 1998) Any actions taken by the developer must be done in accordance with constitutional principles, the common law, the overarching policy principles set out in section 2 of National Environmental Management Act (NEMA) and the principles applicable to environmental assessment. These and other accepted principles of sustainable development, such as those stated in Agenda 21 (UNCED, 1992) must be adhered to.
Biodiversity Bill In terms of the Biodiversity Bill, the developer has a responsibility for:
The conservation of endangered ecosystems and restriction of activities according to the categorization of the area (not just by listed activity as specified in the EIA regulations).
Promote the application of appropriate environmental management tools in order to ensure integrated environmental management of activities thereby ensuring that all development within the area are in line with ecological sustainable development and protection of biodiversity.
Limit further loss of biodiversity and conserve endangered ecosystems.
Environment Conservation Act and Regulations GN154 (DE ICC)
Development must be environmentally, socially and economically sustainable. Sustainable development requires the consideration of inter alia the following factors: o that pollution and degradation of the environment is avoided, or, where they cannot be altogether avoided, are minimised and remedied; o that waste is avoided, or where it cannot be altogether avoided, minimised and re- used or recycled where possible and otherwise disposed of in a responsible manner; o that the use and exploitation of non-renewable natural resources is responsible and equitable, and takes into account the consequences of the depletion of the resource; o that the development, use and exploitation of renewable resources and the eco- systems of which they are part do not exceed the level beyond which their integrity is jeopardised; and
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o that negative impacts on the environment and on peoples‟ environmental rights be anticipated and prevented, and where they cannot be altogether prevented are minimised and remedied.
Environmental management must place people and their needs at the forefront of its concern, therefore any environmental impacts resulting from the development activities are not distributed in such a manner as to unfairly discriminate against any persons, particularly vulnerable and disadvantaged persons.
The developer is required to undertake Environmental Impact Assessments (EIA) for all projects listed as a Schedule 1 activity in the EIA regulations in order to control activities that might have a detrimental effect on the environment. Such activities will only be permitted with written authorisation from a competent authority.
National Heritage Resources Act 25 of 1999 • No person may alter or demolish any structure or part of a structure, which is older than 60 years without a permit issued by the relevant provincial heritage resources authority. • No person may, without a permit issued by the responsible heritage resources authority destroy, damage, excavate, alter, deface or otherwise disturb any archaeological or palaeontological site. • The protection of archaeological and palaeontological sites and material is the responsibility of a provincial heritage resources authority and all archaeological objects, palaeontological material and meteorites are the property of the state. Any person who discovers archaeological or palaeontological objects or material or a meteorite in the course of development must immediately report the find to the responsible heritage resources authority, or to the nearest local authority offices or museum, which must immediately notify such heritage resources authority. • No person may, without a permit issued by SAHRA or a provincial heritage resources authority destroy, damage, alter, exhume, remove from its original position or otherwise disturb any grave or burial ground older than 60 years which is situated outside a formal cemetery administered by a local authority. “Grave” is widely defined in the Act to include the contents, headstone or other marker of such a place, and any other structure on or associated with such place. • A permit will only be granted if SAHRA is satisfied that the applicant has made satisfactory arrangements for the exhumation and re-interment of the contents and reached agreement with the affected communities regarding the future of such grave or burial ground.
If any archaeological remains are uncovered during the construction of the road, then an archaeologist must be advised.
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Eastern Cape Environmental Conservation Bill, 2003 To provide for the consolidation and the repeal of certain laws relating to environmental conservation applicable in the Province, including the Sea-shore Act, 1935, Mountain Catchment Areas Act, 1970, and the Environmental Conservation Act, 1989; to provide for the declaration of Provincial protected areas; to provide for the management of biodiversity in the Province; to provide for Provincial coastal management; to regulate air quality and waste management in the Province; and to provide for matters connected therewith.
This bill provides a number of schedules which protect endangered flora and for which a permit is required. According to Chapter 12 „Miscellaneous provisions relating to endangered flora‟ 112. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Act, no person may – in respect of flora listed in Schedule 4, without a possession permit (iii) pick, uproot, damage or destroy any endangered flora.
Provincial Nature Conservation Ordinance (PCNO) This regulation provides protection of certain fauna and flora within the Eastern Cape.
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4. SITE DESCRIPTION
The study area has been described in great detail in the various studies already undertaken for the Coega IDZ and the Port of Ngqura. What follows is a brief description of the physical characteristics of the study site.
4.1 CLIMATE
The Coega area is subject to strong winds from the west and west-south-west (41% combined frequency) all year round, and east (15%) from October through to March. These winds occur mainly throughout the day and can generate a significant amount of fugitive dust. Diurnal variations in the wind regime occur which are due to the influence of land-sea breeze circulation on the airflow of the region. Port Elizabeth has an average of 624mm of rainfall annually and the area has a warm temperate climate with the average daily temperature ranging from 210C (summer) to 140C (winter).
4.2 GEOLOGY
The geology of the Coega IDZ and Port is characterised by coastal limestone, overlaid by calcareous sands blown onshore. Three marine incursions and subsequent limestone deposition phases seem to have occurred, each progressively younger and at lower altitude seaward.
The geology towards the sea consists of unconsolidated sands and fluvial sediments within the Coega floodplain. The land north of the N2 is dominated by coastal limestone.
The site is underlain by the following formations: 1) Salnova Formation: Intermediate and low level fluvial terrace gravel, estuarine sand and gravel deposits. 2) Alexandria Formation: Calcareous sandstone, shelly limestone. 3) Kirkwood Formation: Reddish to greenish mudstone and sandstone. 4) Sundays River Formation: Greenish to gray mudstone and sandstone (Ninham Shand, 2005a).
A relatively thin layer of topsoil with an average depth of about 100mm to 200mm was identified, up to a maximum depth of 500mm.
Blasting may be required in some of the mudstone that forms part of the Kirkwood formation and on the calcareous limestone and sandstone that forms part of the Alexandria formation.
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4.3 SOILS
In the south-eastern coastal region, sandy soils with variable depth and deep red sandy clay loams overlying limestone are common. The southern coastal belt is characterised by coastal sands, sandy soils, lime-containing lithosols and weakly developed soils on rock. The soils of the IDZ can be described as relatively deep, red, lime-rich sandy clay loams.
The soils along almost the entire length of the route are shallow, sandy soils of the Mispah form overlying limestone, except within the Coega River floodplain where they are deep, sandy and unconsolidated. In areas, the limestone is visible on the surface and the geology and soils here are a typical habitat for Bontveld vegetation.
4.4 GEOHYDROLOGY
The Coega River valley represents the only major incision into the coastal landform in the area between the Swartkops and Sundays rivers. Over time, the Coega River has created a floodplain valley between 400 and 1 000m wide. It is a relatively small sand-bed river, and is the most significant surface water feature associated with the Coega IDZ. Due to the absence of water within the Coega River for most of the year and the impermeability of underlying clays, flow may primarily be made up of run-off and effluent.
The southern portion of the IDZ is underlain at depth by an artesian aquifer formed by sandstones and quartzites of the Table Mountain Group. Confining this aquifer are a succession of eastward- thickening Cretaceous formations (Uitenhague Group) up to 1 200m thick near the coast.
4.5 VEGETATION AND FLORISTICS
The majority of the MR435 is situated within the Core Development Area (CDA) of Coega IDZ, which is located at the Coast and is traversed by habitats that are considered under threat from a bio-diversity point of view. It is essential that the integrity of these habitats is protected if bio- diversity is to be maintained in the area. The initial 600m of the road is located outside the CDA and runs through a highly disturbed industrial area.
Map 1 indicates the vegetation of the Coega IDZ in relation to the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan Municipality area (Appendix 3).
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4.5.1 METHODOLOGY OF INVESTIGATION
CES has been extensively involved in the Coega IDZ development, not only regarding the Environmental Impact Assessment but the Open Space Management Plan and the Port of Ngqura Long Term Rehabilitation Programme. As a result, CES is very familiar with the study area, particularly the vegetation.
In order to meet the objective of the study the following activities were undertaken: Desktop overview of the Subtropical Thicket Ecosystem Planning (STEP) Project literature and map book for the area. Desktop overview of current Open Space Management Plan and no-go areas and the Coega IDZ Environmental Impact Assessment. A rapid botanical assessment was undertaken on site, 11 March 2005. Vegetation identification and sampling was conducted every km for the entire length of the M345 as part of the process to verify vegetation literature sourced. 8 relevés or sample sites were assessed and recordings made.
4.5.2 VEGETATION OF THE EASTERN CAPE
The vegetation of the Eastern Cape is complex and is transitional between the Cape and subtropical floras and many taxa of diverse phytogeographical affinities reach the limits of their distribution in this region. The region is best described as a tension zone where four major biomes converge and overlap (Lubke et al. 1988). The dominant vegetation is Succulent Thicket (Spekboomveld or Valley Bushveld), a dense, spiny vegetation type unique to this region. While species in the canopy are of subtropical affinities and are generally widespread species, the succulents and geophytes that comprise the understorey and are of karroid affinities, are often localised endemics.
4.5.3 VEGETATION OF THE COEGA AREA
Information regarding the vegetation of the Coega IDZ was extracted from the Coega Port Environmental Impact Report (CES, 2003), which was extracted from the vegetation analysis report compiled by Campbell (1998). In addition, STEP data (2004) and the Coega Open Space Management Plan were utilised. (Appendix 4 and Appendix 5).
The vegetation types of the proposed IDZ area can be broadly divided into dune vegetation and inland vegetation types. All the areas in which the road upgrade will occur comprise inland vegetation types, more specifically Mesic Succulent Thicket (MST) and Bontveld. The dominant vegetation is represented by the MST. The STEP data‟s (Vlok & Euston Brown, 2002) Sundays
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River Thicket corresponds to the MST and the Bontveld type found within the vicinity of the road. The MST forms a band of vegetation of varying density running parallel to the MR435 on either side. There is significant disturbance due to human activity where impacted areas are invaded by alien invasive woody species such as rooikrans (Acacia cyclops) and prickly-pear (Opuntia ficus- indica).
4.5.4 MESIC SUCCULENT THICKET OR SUNDAYS RIVER THICKET
The Mesic Succulent Thicket corresponds to the Sundays River Thicket (STEP, 2002), which comprises of: 1. Grass Ridge Bontveld 2. Motherwell Karroid Thicket 3. Sundays Valley Thicket
Further north towards the Coega River, the dominant vegetation type is Mesic Succulent Thicket (Plate 4.1a & b), which is in an almost pristine state in some parts along the road.
Euclea undulata is the dominant species in the MST of the area. Sub-dominant species include Rhus longispina, Cassine tetragona, Schotia afra, Sideroxylon inerme, Azima tetracantha and the climber Rhoicissus tridentata. Both Aloe ferox and Aloe africana are prominent too. The taller form of Thicket in the Coega River valley also has Aloe pluridens in abundance. Destruction or damage to elements of thicket causes it to become replaced by grassland or Grassy Fynbos. Once disturbed MST does not regenerate to its original form.
(a) (b)
Plate 4.1a & b: Vegetation of the Coega IDZ. The areas in which the road upgrade will occur are comprised of Mesic Succulent Thicket. (a) Note the disturbance created within the impenetrable thicket band, which occurs along sections either side of the road.
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Succulent thicket is extensive along the coastal region stretching inland towards Uitenhage and Addo (CEN 1997). This succulent type is an extremely dense, impenetrable thicket in the coastal areas. Dense Mesic Succulent thicket is common along the Coega estuary and is mostly found as patches inland along the Coega River. Mesic Succulent Thicket Mosaic is evident in linear bands in the Development Zone, which appear to indicate slight depression areas where more dense and taller-growing thicket occurs. Denser and taller thicket occurs more often in valleys (Plate 4.2).
Plate 4.2: Typical view of the vegetation type along the route. Note the Aloe species in the background
Bontveld Open Bontveld occurs on the crests or plateau‟s. The Bontveld of the area is known as Grass Ridge Bontveld. This unit, a mosaic of the Sundays River Thicket, is restricted to outcrops of limestone.
The community composition of species is distinct from thicket. It is therefore not a remnant of thicket or a successional state, but a separate and distinct community type (J. Watson, pers. comm.). In the EIA for the proposed zinc smelter at Coega, Campbell (1996) described and mapped Bontveld as a separate community. In addition, Bontveld was found to have three times the level of endemism (18%) of other vegetation communities in the Coega IDZ and was thus given a high conservation status. Its distribution in a regional context is not clear at this time, but it is currently thought to only occur in four or five places in the Eastern Cape, most of which are under threat from mining (J. Watson, pers. comm.).
More than 30 Eastern Cape endemic species are found in the proposed IDZ area. The most important of these are the endangered Orthopterum coegana and Aloe bowiea, a small endangered grass aloe known from only a few sites in the region. Therefore, much of the vegetation of the area is of high conservation importance. However, the presence of areas of lower conservation importance, such as areas that are already impacted by agriculture, development and
Upgrading of Main Road 435, Coega: Final Scoping Report 15 Coastal and Environmental Services alien plants, means there are areas suitable for development that do not deplete or reduce the integrity of the natural vegetation.
Motherwell Karroid Thicket The Motherwell Karroid Thicket, another mosaic of the Sundays River Thicket, harbours a rich component of geophytes and succulents many of which are rare or localized endemics such as Apodolirion macowanii, Aloe bowiea and Euphorbia meloformis.
Sundays Valley Thicket The Sundays Valley Thicket represents another of mosaic of the Sundays River Thicket where both the woody and trees and shrubs and the succulent component is well developed with many of the species spinescent. A number of rare and highly localized endemic species occur here, such as Aloe gracilis, Ceropegia zeyheri, Encephalartos horrida, Fockea gracilis, Lauridea retuculata, Orthopterum waltoniae and Streltitzia juncea within the thicket clumps and Brachystelma cummingii, Glottiphyllum grandiflorum, Orthopterum coeganum, Pelargonium ochroleucm and Tritonia dubia in the patches between the thicket clumps.
4.5.5 SPECIES OF SPECIAL CONCERN
There are a number of species that are either rare, vulnerable, endangered or endemic within this study site. These are listed in the table in Appendix 6. Endemic species are those that are unique to a defined area; endangered species are in danger of extinction. Vulnerable species are likely to move into the endangered category and rare species have small world populations that are not at present endangered or vulnerable but are at risk, as a threat could cause a critical decline. Both the Bontveld and Mesic Succulent Thicket display high species richness.
Appendix 7 lists those species requiring rescue and propagation that are protected in terms of the National Forest Act (NFA) and the Provincial Nature Conservation Ordinance (PNCO). Specimens as well as seeds should be rescued from the Coega IDZ.
4.5.6 ALIEN INVASION
Certain areas of the inland vegetation are invaded by alien plant species. The most common invader species is Acacia cyclops (Rooikrans), Acacia saligna (Port Jackson) and Opuntia ficus- indica (Prickly Pear) which was used in the past to stabilise the dunes, and presently forms large monospecific stands in areas throughout the proposed IDZ. There are several other aliens present that pose a threat to the flora of this area, including Acacia longifolia.
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4.6 FAUNA
There is a general lack of pristine terrestrial habitats in the Coega region. This means that some components of the terrestrial fauna have been severely impacted by previous human activity, particularly the loss of vegetation, invasion of alien vegetation, local extinction of large mammals, and varied industrial developments, most conspicuously the salt works. A general overview of the fauna follows.
4.6.1 BIRDS
Due to its varied habitats, the Coega region has a diverse avifauna and over 150 species are resident or common visitors to the region. Most diversity occurs in the thicket clumps, although the shore and estuary both support specialised avifaunas. The salt pan has also been identified as an important feeding ground. A range of terrestrial, estuarine and marine birds of conservation importance are found in significant numbers in the area.
4.6.2 REPTILES
Within the proposed project area and adjacent coastal region there are a possible 56 species of reptile. This includes 21 snakes, 27 lizards and eight chelonians (tortoises and turtles). The majority of these are found in MST and riverine habitats. The list of reptiles of special concern is significant since it includes five endemic species (two of which are endangered), four endangered sea turtles, one rare species and four species at the periphery of their range. More than a third of the species found are described as relatively tolerant of disturbed environments, provided migration corridors between suitable habitats are maintained.
4.6.3 AMPHIBIANS
Knowledge of amphibian species diversity in the Coega region is limited and based on collections housed in national and provincial museums. It is estimated that as many as 17 species may occur. However, none of these species are endemic or of conservation concern.
4.6.4 MAMMALS
Of the 63 mammal species known or expected to occur in the Coega area, one endemic species occurs, the pygmy hairy-footed gerbil (Gerbillurus paeba exilis). This species, however, only occurs in the dune vegetation, which forms only a limited area of the Port area. Thirteen of the 63 species are Red Data Book species, and five of these are medium to large in size, occupying relatively large ranges, and will be adversely affected by development as their ranges become restricted.
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The Open Space Management Plan has taken this aspect into consideration and does not need additional mention for the upgrade of MR 435.
4.6.5 TERRESTRIAL INVERTEBRATES
There are three rare butterflies which are known from a number of scattered localities in the Coega region. The rare lycaenid butterfly Aloeides clarki inhabits coastal flats to the north of Port Elizabeth and along the Sundays River. Butterfly Valley, within the back-of-port area, is of critical importance to this localised species, and three areas within the IDZ have been identified as important habitats and excluded from further development. The upgrade of MR435, however, will not impact on these habitats.
4.7 AREAS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE
No areas of archaeological or cultural significance were found in the study are. A grave exists some distance from the road and will not be impacted on by the upgrade of MR435.
4.8 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT
In the context of the present study, a detailed description of the socio economic environment is not relevant, but the following points are worth noting:
No people will be resident within the IDZ, and all people who were resident have been relocated.
The area is an IDZ, and therefore the landscape quality will be significantly impacted through the establishment of the port and in time various industries.
Upgrading of Main Road 435, Coega: Final Scoping Report 18 Coastal and Environmental Services 5. PROJECT DESCRIPTION
5.1 INTRODUCTION
The existing MR435 was the original main road between Port Elizabeth and Grahamstown and is a single carriageway, running in an east-west direction. It crosses the Coega River, and has a total length of ± 10.0 km. The road runs from the intersection with Main Road 450 (the Addo road) to the intersection with Ring Road (the link from MR435 to the N2).
With the development of the Coega IDZ, the MR435 will initially serve as a major link with the surrounding regional road network and finally as a major internal distributor/collector as well as providing access to the adjacent development zones. The anticipated growth of traffic from 1300 vph (vehicles per hour) in 2005 to about 3824 vph in 2025 necessitates that the road be upgraded. The project involves upgrading of the MR435 along its entire length.
5.2 GENERAL DESCRIPTION
A graphic description of the proposed MR435 alignment is shown in Appendix 8. It is proposed that the new MR435 will follow closely the alignment of the existing MR435. The road crosses the future Motherwell double rail commuter line with a road over rail bridge. The existing Recruitment Centre, located approximately 700m from the start, is currently served by two accesses. For the doubling phase only the one access will be retained. The road, still following a straight and fairly flat alignment (except for crossing the railway line), has an intersection at Ranger Road on the right and the access to Zone 4 on the left.
A temporary haul road provides access for dump trucks hauling rock fill from the quarry west of MR435 to the new Coega Harbour construction site. This haul road was constructed for the sole purpose of transporting the quarry materials to the new port during construction and will be demolished after completion of all haul activities.
Neptune Road, a double carriageway road providing access to the IDZ area east of MR435, currently forms a T-junction with MR435. This intersection is too close to the haul road intersection according to the design standards, but it is not a permanent arrangement as the haul road will be discarded on completion of construction activities in the harbour. Neptune Road will then be re-aligned to form a 4-legged junction with MR435.
A new road over Rail Bridge is planned where MR435 crosses the future double track Coega/Motherwell commuter line. At this point there is currently a temporary access road to
Upgrading of Main Road 435, Coega: Final Scoping Report 19 Coastal and Environmental Services the east to provide an entrance to the proposed Pechiney Construction site. As with the upgrading of the first 4,0km of MR435, this access was constructed as a temporary measure to ensure access to the Pechiney site. Since then, Neptune Road has been completed and will provide permanent access to the proposed Pechiney site.
From Ch 3500 to Ch 5600 two route alignments were considered, as indicated on the drawings. Option 1 follows a curvilinear alignment with three right hand turns and one to the left, basically keeping to the route of the existing road alignment through a valley to then enter into the flood plain of the Coega River. Option 2 follows an alignment 130m to the west with the benefit of only one right hand curve, but traversing a hillside which requires an 11,5m deep cutting at the deepest point.
The Coega River floodplain crossing is generally in fill to ensure that the road levels are kept above 17m amsl, as recommended in the Coega River hydrological study (Ninham Shand 2005b).
Further along, the Uitenhage Road (MR460) joins the new alignment from the left (western side). This connecting road will be raised from the current level of 17,0m to the proposed road level of 21,6m. The Uitenhage road is also re-aligned horizontally to improve the current skew and dangerous junction.
From the Uitenhage Road intersection MR435 passes the old Coega Hotel, over the Coega River and then crosses the existing Coega-Grassridge railway line with a road-over-rail bridge. The river crossing is described in more detail below in Section 3.12.
The existing road to Grass Ridge will be lifted to form a berm that will also protect the railway line in the event of a flood. A new upgraded access to the brickyard will be provided from where MR435 continues until it turns slightly further eastwards to run parallel to the existing N2.
5.3 ALIGNMENT
5.3.1 HORIZONTAL
From the start, the road follows a fairly straight alignment, until the point at which the alternative alignment is proposed. The original alignment follows the existing road and contains 4 curves before entering the watercourse and the Coega River Floodplain. The alternative alignment – approximately 130m to the west, requires only one curve. From this
Upgrading of Main Road 435, Coega: Final Scoping Report 20 Coastal and Environmental Services point, the proposed new road follows the existing MR435 closely, with a straightening over the Coega River and large curves to avoid the Mesic Succulent Vegetation occurring in this section. A large radius curve is used near the end of the road to allow the new MR435 to run parallel to the N2.
5.3.2 VERTICAL
The vertical alignment ranges from 1.18% at the start of the road to 3% over the future Coega-Motherwell commuter railway line. The road is kept elevated slightly to ensure drainage and allow cross stormwater drainage from the zones to pass underneath.
A deep cut (approximately 11.5m) is required for Option 2. This cut is relatively short longitudinally and will generate good material needed for the fill over the next section of the roadway.
The vertical alignment over the Coega floodplain has been determined by the recommendations of the preliminary hydrological and hydraulic analysis (Ninham Shand, 2005b). This report recommended that a minimum soffit level of 16,9m and a minimum embankment elevation of 17,0m above mean sea level be used. As a result of this, the section of MR435 crossing the Coega River flood plain has to be lifted substantially, with an average fill height in the order of three to four meters.
The Spoornet railway crossing requires a vertical clearance of 6,4m. This increases the fill as the road progresses over the Coega River floodplain to a maximum of about 8m at the rail crossing.
The road level after the railway crossing was maintained at an elevated level to ensure a smooth transition up the other side of the Coega valley and to achieve good sight distances for the proposed access to the brickyard and the other future CDC areas.
The pavement cross-section will be expanded from its current 5.5 m to 30.2 m, contained within a 50 m road reserve.
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5.4 WIDTH
The total proposed road cross section is 40.2m. The road will ultimately consist of four lanes in each direction, two of 3,7m and two of 3,4m wide. A 2,5m sidewalk, 5m median width and kerb & channel arrangements on both sides make up the balance of the total width.
5.5 LINK ROADS
The proposed intersection to the Recruitment Centre will also provide access to Zone 4. The proposed width is two 3.4m wide lanes with 2m wide sidewalks on either side, with a road reserve of 30m.
The Ranger Road link will also provide access to Zones 3 & 4 and has a road reserve of 40m.
The haul road currently crossing the MR435 was constructed for the transport of rock from the quarry to the Ngqura Port. This will be abandoned after port completion. The Neptune Road/Uitenhage Link Road will be constructed and consists of 2x11.1m carriageways with a 5m median.
The last 300m of the existing Uitenhage Road will be deviated by means of a left hand 110m- radius curve followed by a right hand 80m-radius curve to join MR435.
The existing gravel road to Grass Ridge will be re-aligned slightly to join MR435 from a northerly direction. It will be lifted by about 6m to also act as a berm to protect the existing Spoornet railway line from flooding.
Access to the brickyard and quarry will be shifted to allow for access to northern sections of the IDZ. The shift in the access road is due to the limitations presented by the Brak River.
5.6 STORMWATER MANAGEMENT
Generally, a dual drainage system is provided with the standard kerb/channel arrangement designed to drain a 1:2 year flood and the road and drainage channel network designed to drain a 1:50 year flood. This is in accordance with standards adopted by the CDC for some of the other zones in the IDZ.
Any substantial fills will be protected with a lined toe drain, and substantial cuts will be protected using an earth berm and lined channel arrangement. Upgrading of Main Road 435, Coega: Final Scoping Report 22 Coastal and Environmental Services
Subsoil drainage will be provided in all road cuttings with a standard side lined drain to prevent infiltration of water into the pavement layers.
Kerb inlets will be spaced as dictated by capacity requirements or the location of low points in the road. The maximum distance in-line from kerb inlet to kerb inlet is limited to 80m as determined by NMMM maintenance requirements. Minimum pipe sizes of 450mm diameter are used in road reserves, with a minimum of 600mm diameter specified for all road crossings.
5.7 PHASES OF CONSTRUCTION
The first phase of the upgrading comprises the construction of a new carriageway adjacent to the existing road. The second phase comprises the reconstruction of the existing road. The following phasing strategy is proposed by Ninham Shand/Manong & Associates Joint Venture: 1. Single carriageway construction of black top width 11.1m allowing for two lanes of 3.7m lane width and 1.850m shoulders either side. This configuration can also accommodate two lanes of width 3.4m and one turning lane of 3.3m. 2. Double carriageway with two lanes in each direction, allowing for 2 lanes 3.7m width, one shoulder of 2.7m width and one of 1.0m width. 3. Double carriageway with 3 lanes of 3.7m width, no shoulders. 4. The addition of a 3.1m lane on the inside to allow for the ultimate double carriageway stage with 2 lanes of 3.7m width and 2 lanes of 3.4m width.
5.8 PEDESTRIAN/CYCLIST ACCOMMODATION
Pedestrians and cyclists are generally accommodated on the 2.5m wide sidewalk along the road. Detail design of these routes will be done in conjunction with the outcome of the Public Transport report.
5.9 STREET LIGHTING
It is proposed that street lighting will be provided in accordance with NMMM standards, with poles of length 10m set back 1.5m from the road edge.
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5.10 STEEP SLOPES
There are some steep inclinations in the proposed new road where the loss of surface material due to erosion can be expected. Finer grained materials with minimal coarse aggregate are particularly susceptible to erosion. Those with relatively high plasticity may resist erosion, but will usually become slippery when wet. This effect becomes greater when the slope is increased. Erosion of the wearing course results in a change in the properties of the material, as certain particles of the material is selectively removed.
5.11 BORROW PITS
Currently, no borrow pits will be opened for the road construction. Ninham Shand/Manong & Associates Joint Venture is investigating the use of overburden from the coega Kop quarry to use as fill material. Other material will be sourced from commercial sources. Haulage of suitable material is very costly, thus material will preferably be sourced from borrow pits close to project sites.
5.12 RIVER CROSSINGS
The existing road crosses two rivers – The Coega and Brak Rivers. The Brak River is a tributary of the Coega River.
5.12.1 COEGA RIVER
The existing bridge is relatively small and is expected to be overtopped by floods in excess of the 1:20 year event. The vertical alignment of the existing road crossing the floodplain and is such that it would also be overtopped during significant flood events. In terms of the Code of Procedure for the Planning and Design of Highway and Road Structures in South Africa (SANRAL, February 2002), the upgraded MR435 is classified as a Class B road requiring that the bridge be sized to pass the 1:50 year flood with appropriate freeboard and the 1:100 year flood without overtopping of the road embankment (i.e. surcharged conditions would be permitted).
In order to ensure that calculations for the design of structures were accurately calculated, a complete river model was determined which covered an 11km stretch of the Coega River extending from approximately 5km upstream of the MR435 to 2km downstream of the N2 to ensure that all bridges downstream were included.
Upgrading of Main Road 435, Coega: Final Scoping Report 24 Coastal and Environmental Services
Calculations for a 1:100 year flood show that a flow of 850m3/sec can be expected and 610 m3/sec for a 1:50 year flood event. An 80m conventional bridge with four spans of 20m each is therefore proposed. Special scour protection will be provided for the fill around the Coega River crossing, as well as in the watercourse below the Coega River Bridge.
Ninham Shand have noted that the normal direction of flow of the Coega River under low flow conditions, may vary from the flow direction during a 1:100 year flood event and this will be taken into account during the detail design stage.
Upgrading of Main Road 435, Coega: Final Scoping Report 25 Coastal and Environmental Services
Two issues, however, are yet unresolved and could impact on the final design of the bridge: (i) The possible construction of a new railway bridge and approach embankments across the Coega River downstream of the existing railway bridge, which will affect the height of the proposed bridge. (ii) The possible implementation of a flood control scheme on the Coega River, which will lower the level of the required bridge.
With regard to the possible implementation of a flood control scheme on the Coega River, it is understood that CDC have yet to appoint consultants to investigate this. There is no clarity at present as to what the flood control scheme may comprise or of its impact on flood flows in the Coega River.
5.12.2 BRAK RIVER
The second major watercourse, the Brak River must be designed for a 1:40 years flood. The Brak River generates a design peak flow of 158m3/sec for a 1:40 year flood. Although a major bridge is not required, a fairly large structure consisting of 13 by 2.1m wide culverts will be required. Due to the depth of fill over this culvert structure, a standard culvert section will not suffice and special sections will have to be made up.
5.13 RAILWAY BRIDGES
5.13.1 ROAD-OVER-RAIL: MOTHERWELL COMMUTER LINE
The MR435 crosses the proposed Motherwell commuter railway line. A bridge with 1 span of 13m and two spans of 10m is proposed. Allowance is made for a 6.4m clearance from rail level to bridge soffit. The Motherwell Commuter line is due for construction in 2005 or 2006 and the road over rail bridge be built at the same time as the new road.
5.13.2 ROAD-OVER-RAIL: COEGA /MOTHERWELL COMMUTER LINE.
A double track commuter line is crossing at Ch 3420. A bridge with one 13.0m centre span and two 10 m spans is allowed for over the Coega/Motherwell commuter line. A clear height of 6.4m is provided between the rails to bridge soffit. This bridge may only be required in 20 – 30 years time and is unlikely to be built in the medium term.
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5.13.3 ROAD-OVER-RAIL: SPOORNET & FUTURE SARCC COMMUTER LINES
Current SARCC planning indicates four possible future commuter lines in addition to the existing Spoornet line. Three lines from the Coega station and the new Nqura harbour converge at the MR435 crossing as well. Allowance is made for a bridge with 2 spans of 20m each, the first span accommodating three commuter lines and a service road of width 5,5m and the second span accommodating one commuter line, the Spoornet line and an access road of 7,4m. Parallel tracks are assumed to be at 4m minimum centres or 5,5m where signalling masts are placed between the tracks.
5.13.4 RAIL OVER ROAD BRIDGES ON LINK ROADS
The Uitenhage link road crosses two portions of the proposed S.A. Rail Commuter lines. In both cases the alignment is such that the rail lines will pass over the road and the bridges will therefore only be needed when the rail line is built.
5.13.5 SARCC COMMUTER LINE, COEGA LOOP.
A bridge structure with a span of 30m is required, with piers located in such a way that there is no interference with the line of sight from the Mission link road intersection.
5.13.6 SARCC COMMUTER LINE, MOTHERWELL LOOP.
As with bridge structure No 6, a bridge with a span of 30m is required, with piers located in such a way that there is no interference with the line of sight from the Motherwell link road intersection.
All railway lines and rail bridges will be confirmed during the final design stage.
5.14 MATERIALS BALANCE
During the construction of the MR435, the majority of the cut will take place in the section before the Coega River crossing (approximately 160 000 m3) and the section immediately after the Coega River crossing (approximately 80 000 m3). The Coega River crossing will require the bulk of the fill with the balance mostly required for the bridge abutments. The material balance can be summarised as follows:
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MATERIAL BALANCE
m3
Total cut available 295 000
Total fill required 890 000
Shortfall 595 000
It is uncertain as yet where the shortfall will be obtained. Ninham Shand/Manong & Associates Joint Venture is investigating the possibility of using the “spoil” from the Western Coega Kop quarry.
According to the Department of Minerals and Energy (DME), there are two types of materials involved: The overburden that was stripped and stockpiled and which contains a big portion of calcareous type materials. This is reserved for the rehabilitation as this type of material influence the type of plants growing on the koppie, and The balance of the quarry operations or spoil.
DME have stated that the spoil material may not be used "for commercial gain", or rather in competition with commercial quarries since this might come with some legal implications and action thereafter if this material is used where materials from commercial quarries could be used. However, the material that is needed is classified as "fill material" which would not normally be purchased from a commercial quarry as it does not have to conform to as high specifications as for instance subbase or base materials. The alternative, is to open a 600 000m3 borrow pit to obtain the fill. The subbase, base & concrete stone materials could nevertheless, still be purchased commercially.
Alternative fill material will be investigated should the quarry overburden not be available as fill. A separate application for the use of a borrow pit will be applied for from Department of Minerals and Energy (DME).
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5.15 SERVICES
Ninham Shand obtained comment from all service authorities regarding existing and proposed services either crossing MR435 or running in close proximity to it.
5.15.1 ESKOM
There is a proposed Eskom servitude between the Coega River bridge and the Spoornet railway bridge. Details are not yet available.
5.15.2 NELSON MANDELA METROPOLITAN MUNICIPALITY Electricity Two 11kv power lines intersect with MR435. Two pylons will have to be relocated and it has been recommended that the overhead cables be substituted with underground cables, because the fill required of the road-over-rail bridge will make it difficult to achieve the required 6.1m clearance between the road surface and the overhead cables.
Four 132kV power lines in a 62m servitude are proposed along the road. A 100mx100m substation is also indicated, but this is below the 1:100yr floodline and Ninham Shand has recommended this be relocated. The design for these lines and substation are preliminary and subject to change.
Water An 850mm GRP water main crosses MR435 at Ch3000. This pipe will be protected by a 1.8mx1.8m box culvert. The re-location and protection of valve chambers for this pipe will also be investigated.
Sewer An existing 300mm diameter sewer line crosses MR435 at Ch30. The pipe is deep enough not to require any measures of protection.
Stormwater A connection from MR435 to an upgraded MR450 stormwater system will be required.
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5.15.3 TELKOM
There is an existing Telkom fibre optic cable that runs along the existing road from just after the Neptune Road intersection to the junction of the existing road with the N2. The proposed alignment has been designed to avoid this cable where possible. This cable will cross the MR435 and special measures will be required to protect or realign it. This will be finalised during final design.
5.15.4 EASTERN CAPE PROVINCIAL ROADS AUTHORITY
CDC is still required to make a decision regarding the status of the MR435 and the link roads as to whether they will be maintained as provincial roads, in which case they will need to be proclaimed as such and maintenance will rest with the provincial authority. The other option is to maintain them as private roads, in which case CDC will be responsible for road maintenance.
5.16 TOWN PLANNING
Disused sections of the MR435 will need to be de-proclaimed when the new road has been built.
5.17 SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY
In accordance with CDC requirements, the detail design will make allowance for the maximisation of job opportunities as well as the employment of SMME‟s. The following work items have been identified by Ninham Shand/Manong & Associaets joint Venture:
Cutting of vegetation where required during clearing and grubbing.
Small brick and concrete works like manholes, kerb inlets, stormwater channels, inlets and outlets.
Pipelaying – stormwater pipes and sleeves for services, subsoil drains.
Laying of kerbs and paving.
Stormwater protection: gabion and reno-mattresses, energy dissipation structures at stormwater outlets.
Ancillary works like fencing, guardrail, sidewalks, road signs and roadmarking.
Upgrading of Main Road 435, Coega: Final Scoping Report 30 Coastal and Environmental Services 6. IDENTIFIED ISSUES
The following issues were identified by CES and DEAET and relate to the proposed alternative route (Option 2). Option 2 is the preferred route from an engineering perspective and the majority of the issues presented below are relevant to both routes. An additional issue, however, related to Option 1 is the loss of the watercourse. Option 1 would destroy the watercourse due to the widening of the road and due to the amount of fill that would be required. The watercourse will be re-instated after removal of the old road.
No comments were received from IAPs as a result of the advertisement and BID.
6.1 ISSUE 1: NATURAL VEGETATION
The following significance rating, comment and mitigation refers to the section of the road running through the MST. There are no significant impacts regarding vegetation within the first 600m of the road since this portion runs through a highly disturbed industrial area.
The MR435 crosses Mesic Succulent Thicket, a vegetation type classified as threatened. The natural indigenous vegetation has a high conservation potential, contains a high species diversity and a large number of Species of Special Concern. An substantial amount of clearing will be involved in this project and this could be detrimental to the surrounding vegetation and fauna particularly in areas of the road running through the MST.
Impact 1: Loss of indigenous vegetation Comment: The construction and upgrade of the road will increase the loss of indigenous vegetation. Sections of the land traversed by the proposed alignment have been disturbed. This is indicated by the presence of various alien invasive species, namely Acacia cyclops, Acacia saligna, Opuntia ficus-indica and Eucalyptus sp.
SIGNIFICANCE RATING
Pre-mitigation Post Mitigation
Moderate Low
Mitigation: Any excessive removal of vegetation other than is strictly necessary must not be allowed. Indigenous species, which are not species of special concern that are removed, should be transplanted immediately in the surrounds, with the advice of a horticulturist.
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Any existing bare patches must also be rehabilitated. This should be assessed in an external audit after construction. No fires must be allowed in and around the natural vegetation.
The CEMP (Section 2) contains guidelines for the removal, storage and re-planting of indigenous plant species.
Impact 2: Loss of species of special concern Comment: Species of special concern are mainly endemic, rare and endangered species and especially those found in extremely small isolated regions. The vegetation within the study area contains a number of such species. The potential for such species occurring within the proposed alignment exists, as the endemic species Platythyra haeckeliana was identified on site.
Various species are protected under the National Forest Act and the Eastern Cape Provincial Nature Conservation Ordinance (PCNO), Appendix 7. The protected tree species Sideroxylon inerme, Pappea capensis, Cassine aethiopicac, Rapanea melanophloeos and Euclea undula was also identified. Other protected species identified include Pachypodium, Rhoicissus digitata
SIGNIFICANCE RATING
Pre-mitigation Post Mitigation
High Moderate
Mitigation: A „Plant Rescue and Translocation Programme‟ must be compiled by a suitably qualified/experienced person. Species of special concern must be identified and removed prior to vegetation clearing by an experienced botanist. The proposed CDC nursery operator (Ms Linda Redfern „Landscape & Environmental Services‟) is recommended to undertake the „Rescue and Translocation Programme‟.
The EMP (Section 2) contains guidelines for the removal, storage and re-planting of indigenous plant species.
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Impact 3: Increased run-off and change in drainage patterns Comment: Increased water availability will alter the plant species composition.
SIGNIFICANCE RATING
Pre-mitigation Post Mitigation
Moderate Low
Mitigation: Ensure all run-off is drained towards naturally wet communities and impeded flow is avoided and that increased run-off does not increase the potential for erosion.
Impact 4: Invasion of alien species Comment: A major change in plant communities where road development has occurred is the invasion of alien weeds and invasive plants, as there are a large number of alien weeds and invasive plants within this area.
The disturbance associated with the construction/upgrade of the road may lead to the introduction of alien plants species, or the further spread of existing alien species along the route. Further disturbance of the landscape through the development of the road may exacerbate this problem within the areas.
It must be noted that the removal of aliens allows for re-growth of indigenous vegetation and must be encouraged.
SIGNIFICANCE RATING
Pre-mitigation Post Mitigation
High Moderate
Mitigation: To implement an alien monitoring programme in areas disturbed by road construction. Alien vegetation must be removed immediately once identified. To allow re- establishment of indigenous vegetation.
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Impact 5: Chemical pollution Comment: Chemical pollution caused by the use of herbicides and other chemicals during the construction and/or operation phases.
SIGNIFICANCE RATING
Pre-mitigation Post Mitigation
High Low
Mitigation: Limitations on the use of herbicides for the control of all plant growth in the road reserve must be developed and enforced.
6.2 ISSUE 2: FAUNA
The following significance rating, comment and mitigation refers to the section of the road running through the MST. There are no significant impacts within the first 600m of the road since this portion runs through a highly disturbed industrial area.
Although not a high faunal diversity exists in the area, one rare species and four species at the periphery of their range are likely to occur in the Coega area. More than a third of the species found are described as relatively tolerant of disturbed environments, provided migration corridors between suitable habitats are maintained.
Impact 1: Fragmentation of habitat Comment: Road construction causes a fragmentation of ecosystems and consequently a number of changes to the ecosystem due to changing conditions within it. The major impacts in terms of function are due to alterations to microclimate and the isolation of ecosystem patches for faunal species, especially small species. Fragmentation has already occurred as the road already exists and if the road is widened as proposed this might lead to even greater fragmentation.
SIGNIFICANCE RATING
Pre-mitigation Post Mitigation
Moderate Low
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Mitigation: Monitor faunal road deaths and install underpasses, culverts or overpasses if necessary to facilitate animal movement across the road. Stormwater outlets must not drain into natural drainage and/or wetlands.
6.3 ISSUE 3: LOSS OF TOPSOIL AND SOIL EROSION
Comment: During the construction phase vegetation will be cleared and soil removed. Removal of vegetation can lead to increased soil erosion. Some sections will require cut and fill, which will result in areas of high soil erosion potential. This issue is relevant to both proposed alignments.
SIGNIFICANCE RATING
Pre-mitigation Post Mitigation
Moderate Low
Mitigation: There should be minimum clearing of vegetation and disturbed areas must be rehabilitated as soon as possible after construction is complete. Some areas e.g. steep slopes, where erosion is more likely, may require other measures to reduce erosion.
Topsoil must be stockpiled and used for rehabilitation purposes. Returned soil should not be heavily compacted and traffic kept to a minimum. Any soil excavated and not utilised for rehabilitation must be removed from site and no large mounds of soil should be left behind after construction. If the un-utilized soil is not excessive in quantity, it may be carefully spread within the environs. This must be executed without smothering surrounding plants.
Areas, which have been identified as being highly susceptible to erosion, must be subject to special measures to prevent erosion, especially in design of the road in final design stage. This applies to gravelled and surfaced roads as well as road edges and rehabilitated areas.
6.4 ISSUE 4: CROSSING THE COEGA AND BRAK RIVERS
Impact 1: Changes in ecosystem structure and functioning Comment: The MR435 will cross the Coega and Brak Rivers. The river crossings must ensure that the integrity of the rivers is maintained and that loss of in-stream biota does not occur.
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SIGNIFICANCE RATING
Pre-mitigation Post Mitigation
High Low
Mitigation: The recommendations of the hydrological assessment will be adhered to, thus lowering the significance of this impact. In addition, the design phase must ensure:
The bridges must span enough of the channel and floodplain so as to avoid disturbance to the riparian zones of the river.
Pillars, columns or bridge buttresses must not be placed in in-stream or in riparian zones.
Vegetation stripping shall occur in parallel with the progress of road construction to minimise erosion and/or runoff from extensive cleared areas.
Riparian zones shall be rehabilitated after construction so as to maintain the integrity and functional capacity of intact riparian zones.
Culverts must ensure the normal flow of the Brak River is maintained.
Impact 2: Increased sedimentation Comment: Stockpiles of material, located close to drainage areas could cause increased sedimentation in the rivers.
SIGNIFICANCE RATING
Pre-mitigation Post Mitigation
High Low
Mitigation: The following mitigation measures apply mainly to the construction phase and are reiterated in the Construction Environmental Management Plan (CEMP), but are also given here:
All stockpiles must be protected from erosion, stored on flat areas where run-off will be minimised, and if closer than 500m on upland positions, they must be protected by bunds.
Stockpiles must be located away from river channels.
Erosion control measures of all banks and cut and fill must take place so as to reduce erosion and sedimentation into river channels.
Rehabilitation of banks must take place so as to avoid excessive erosion.
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Silt traps, berms or other suitable structures must be placed down slopes where vegetation stripping is taking place close to the rivers, so as to catch any silt which may move into the rivers.
Silt traps and culverts shall be regularly maintained and cleared so as to ensure effective drainage (Operation phase).
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Impact 3: Changes in drainage patterns Comment: Changes in drainage patterns of the catchment and river could occur due to the construction of the road and bridge.
SIGNIFICANCE RATING
Pre-mitigation Post Mitigation
High Low
Mitigation: Ninham Shand/Manong & Associates Joint Venture has undertaken an assessment of the rivers to determine the optimal bridge construction. In addition: Adequate drainage must be included in road design so as to ensure ongoing ecological functioning of the surrounding natural communities. Rehabilitation of slopes must be carried out so as to ensure the recovery of established drainage patterns.
Impact 4: Changes in water quality (other than sedimentation) Comment: The Coega River is not a pristine river, but additional changes due to construction and operation phases must be avoided.
SIGNIFICANCE RATING
Pre-mitigation Post Mitigation
High Low
Mitigation: Emergency plans must be in place in case of spillages onto road surfaces and/or into river systems. All chemicals used during the construction phase must be stored on site for a short time as possible and in suitably approved storage areas. Littering and contamination of the rivers must be prevented.
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6.5 ISSUE 5: VISUAL INTRUSION
Comment: The upgrade of the MR45 will culminate in a very wide and visible road. It will be visible from most angles, but the road will fall within an industrial development zone and thus this impact will have no significance
SIGNIFICANCE RATING
Pre-mitigation Post Mitigation
None None
6.6 ISSUE 6: CONSTRUCTION RELATED ISSUES
Comment: The construction of the MR435 will result in a number of construction related impacts.
SIGNIFICANCE RATING
Pre-mitigation Post Mitigation
High Low
Mitigation The EMP contained in Chapter 13 should be strictly adhered to and an Environmental Control Officer must be present for the duration of the construction phase.
7. CONCLUSION
The following table summarises the significance of the impacts, before and after mitigation, associated with the upgrade of MR435. The phase in which the mitigation measure should be applied is given in the last column. Recommended mitigation measures, for the construction phase, are included in Section 2, the CEMP.
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Table 7.1: Summary of the impacts and their significance resulting from the upgrade of MR435, Coega IDZ.
Significance Impact Before After mitigation Phase mitigation Issue: Natural Vegetation Loss of indigenous Moderate Low Design/Construction vegetation Loss of species of special High Moderate Design/Construction concern Increased run-off and Moderate Low Design/Construction change in drainage patterns Invasion of alien species High Moderate Construction/Operation Chemical pollution High Low Design/Construction/Operation Issue: Fauna Fragmentation of habitat Moderate Low Design/Construction/Operation Issue: Loss of topsoil and soil erosion Loss of topsoil and soil Moderate Low Design/Construction erosion Issue: Crossing the Coega and Brak Rivers Changes in ecosystem High Low Design structure and functioning Increased sedimentation High Low Design Changes in drainage High Low Design pattern Changes in water quality High Low Design/Construction (other than sedimentation) Issue: Visual intrusion Visual intrusion of the road None None Issue: Construction related issues Construction related High Low Design/Construction issues
A total of 8 impacts were rated as High, 4 as Moderate and 1 as none before mitigation. After mitigation, there are no impacts of High significance, 2 of Moderate, 10 of Low significance and 1 of none.
The upgrade of MR435 will thus have an overall environmental impact of Low significance, provided that the mitigation measures contained in Section 2 (CEMP) are strictly adhered to.
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8. REFERENCES
Campbell, E E. 1998. The Vegetation of the Coega Harbour Area and Well‟s Estate: Importance of the Vegetation Types. University of Port Elizabeth. Port Elizabeth CEN, 1997. Environmental impact assessment of the Coega Kop for the construction of reservoirs to service the proposed industrial development zone. CEN Integrated Environmental Management CC, Port Elizabeth. CES & Metroplan. 2003. Coega Open Space Management Plan. Metroplan. Port Elizabeth CES. 2003. Environmental Impact Report for the Port of Ngqura. Chapter 4: Terrestrial Description. CES. Grahamstown. Ninham Shand, 2005a. MR435: Basic Planning. Ninham Shand, 2005b. Preliminary Hydrological and Hydraulic Analysis for Main Road 435 Bridge over Coega River. STEP 2004. The STEP Mapbook. Subtropical Thicket Ecosystem Planning Project: Sundays River Mapbook. NMMM. 2004. Nelson Mandela Metropolitan Municipality Spatial Development Framework. Port Elizabeth. Vlok, JHJ & Euston-Brown, DIW. (2002) The Patterns within, and the Ecological Process that Sustain the Subtropical Thicket Vegetation in the Planning Domain for the Subtropical Thicket Ecosystem Planning (STEP) Project. University of Port Elizabeth.
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SECTION 2: CONSTRUCTION ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
1. INTRODUCTION
The purpose of the Construction Environmental Management Plan (CEMP) is to provide specifications for "good environmental practice" into a contractual environmental specification for application during construction. The CEMP provides specifications that the Contractor shall adhere to, to minimise adverse environmental impacts associated with construction activities. The CEMP forms part of the contract document and must be read in conjunction with the contract documents including the specifications and where applicable, the Bill of Quantities. This CEMP must be read in conjunction with CDC‟s EMP.
2. ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY
2.1 CONSTRUCTION ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY
The contractor (contractor is defined as principal contractor, sub-contractors and any employees retained on this project) is required to be familiar with the construction environmental policy and all that it implies, and to adopt and implement the policy throughout the course of construction. The environmental policy is as follows: The environmental specifications and intentions of the specifications must be upheld. Natural resources will not be degraded, and no environmental degradation must take place. Site activities will be conducted in a manner that does not create a nuisance, risk or hazard to the natural environment. Employee and public health and safety must be considered a priority. The whole site and its surrounds are considered environmentally sensitive and protected within the CDC‟s open space system.
2.2 ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION AND GUIDELINES
The Contractor must ensure that all South African legislation concerning the natural environment, pollution and the built environment is strictly enforced. Such legislation must include, but is not limited to: Constitution of the Republic of South Africa Act No. 108 of 1996. Water Act 54 of 1956 and National Water Act No. 36 of 1998.
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Environment Conservation Act No. 73 of 1989 and National Environmental Management Act No. 107 of 1998. Hazardous Substances Act No. 15 of 1973.
2.3 METHOD STATEMENTS
The contract manager must submit written method statements for all activities that could be potentially harmful to the environment. The project manager will be responsible for ensuring the Method Statements are submitted before construction begins. The project manager/ ECO will also be responsible for monitoring compliance with the CEMP.
3. SITE PROCEDURES
3.1 ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS TRAINING
The project manager, before commencement of any construction activities, must implement an environmental awareness programme. All construction personnel, including senior staff, sub- contractors and suppliers, must attend the training programme.
The programme must include all aspects covered in the EMP and must be repeated for all new or temporary staff.
3.2 DEMARCATION OF THE SITE
The “site” refers to all areas required for construction purposes. The boundary of the site must be agreed with the project manager. All activities must be conducted within this area so as to facilitate control and to minimise the impact on the existing natural environment.
The contractor must demarcate the boundaries of the site in order to restrict construction and other (eating, washing and ablution) activities. The contractor must ensure that all his plant, labour and materials remain within the demarcated boundaries. The “site” should preferably comprise the development footprint only. Areas outside of the “site”, especially in the MST and the rivers are considered “no-go” and any contravention will be penalised.
All plant material to be removed must be done at this stage.
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3.3 LOCATION OF SITE OFFICE AND DEPOT
The site office and depot must be located within a previously disturbed area, preferably within the development footprint or in an area agreed on by an Environmental Consultant and the project manager.
3.4 TOILETS
The contractor must provide the necessary ablution facilities for all his employees. These must be easily accessible, transportable, and there should be a minimum of 1 toilet per 15 persons. The toilets should be secured, and be provided with an external closing mechanism to prevent toilet paper from being blown out. A rented chemical toilet must be used, and the rental company will be responsible for emptying the toilet, which must be done on a daily basis.
3.5 REFUSE
The contractor must institute an on-site waste management system in order to prevent the spread of refuse within and beyond the site. Refuse refers to all solid waste, including construction debris (wrapping materials, timber, cans etc.), food packaging, cement, rubble and other construction materials, etc.
All waste must be collected and contained immediately. The Contractor must not dispose of any waste and/or construction debris by burning or burying. Waste bins must be used, and these must be provided with lids and external closing mechanisms to be scavenger proof and to prevent their contents blowing out. The Contractor must ensure that his employees deposit all waste in the waste bins. Bins must not be used for any other purposes than waste collection and must be emptied on a regular basis. All waste must be disposed of off-site at approved landfill sites.
3.6 STORAGE AND USE OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
Petrochemicals, oils and identified hazardous substances shall only be stored under controlled conditions within a bunded area. All hazardous materials e.g. tar or bitumen binders shall be stored in a secured, appointed area that is fenced and has restricted entry. Storage of tar or bitumous products shall only take place using suitable containers approved by the Engineer.
Use of hazardous materials, including surface spraying, must be under controlled conditions. Surface spraying must only be done in suitable weather conditions, by qualified sprayers and must be controlled at all times by the Engineer.
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3.7 HAZARDOUS WASTE
Hazardous materials such as bitumen, tar, oil, lubricants and cleaning materials shall be collected in a holding tank and returned to the supplier.
Special care shall be taken to avoid spillage or tar or bitumen products such as binders or pre- coating fluid to avoid water-soluble phenols from entering the ground or contaminating water. Should this occur, affected areas shall be promptly reinstated to the satisfaction of the Engineer.
Any contaminated soil shall be removed and replaced. Soils contaminated by oils and/or lubricants shall be collected and disposed of at a facility designated by the local authority to accept contaminated materials.
Under no circumstances shall the spoiling of tar or bitumous products on the site, over embankments, in borrow pits or any burying, be allowed. Unused or rejected tar or bituminous products shall be returned to the supplier‟s production plant.
3.8 PROTECTION OF NATURAL RESOURCES
All indigenous fauna and flora must be protected. Wild animals must not be disturbed, caught or injured by any means.
Defacement of natural features or environmental damage outside of the demarcated site must not occur. No fires must be lit by the Contractor and employees anywhere other than in areas specified within the construction camp.
3.9 STOCKPILING OF MATERIALS
The Contractor shall plan his activities so that materials excavated from the road cuts or imported can be transported directly to and placed at the point where it is to be used.
Should stockpiling be necessary, materials must be stored within the road reserve in areas identified by the Engineer. These areas must be away from the sensitive vegetation and from the streams. Stokpiles must be maintained so as to avoid erosion and contamination of the surrounding environment. Stockpiles must be kept free of alien vegetation.
Vehicles being used for cartage must be in good working order and tyres must be clean before exiting the work area.
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3.10 BLASTING ACTIVITIES
Should blasting activities be required, the Contractor shall rigorously adhere to the relevant statutes and regulations that control the use of explosives. The Contractor shall supply the Engineer with a locality plan of the blast site on which shall be shown the zones of influence of the ground and air shock-waves.
No fly-rock will be allowed, and blasting using a cover technique will be required.
3.11 CUT AND FILL SLOPES
Slopes shall be cut to gradients that will ensure stability. All new cut and fill forms shall be rounded on the edges to allow them to blend with the surrounding landforms, and shall, as far as possible, reflect the natural form of the landscape. Slopes with a constant gradient from top to bottom and across the face must be avoided.
Cut slopes must be self-sustaining. Where it is necessary to use retaining structures, gabions must be designed to minimise visual intrusiveness.
Backfilling and finished slopes must not be greater than 300, such that they are stable and can be rehabilitated.
3.12 BATCHING SITES
Asphalt plants are considered scheduled processes listed in the second schedule to the Atmospheric Pollution Prevention Act, 1965 (Act No. 45 of 1965). Should the use of an asphalt plant be necessary, the Contractor shall be responsible to obtain the necessary permit from the Department of Environment Affairs and Tourism and is also obliged to comply with all conditions attached thereto.
3.13 POLLUTION AND STORMWATER MANAGEMENT
The Contractor must ensure that erosion or pollution of ground or surface water does not occur as a result of site activities. Pollution could result from the release, accidental or otherwise, of contaminated runoff from construction camps, discharge of contaminated construction water, chemicals, oils, fuels, sewage, run off from stockpiles, solid waste, litter, etc. All equipment and machinery, e.g. cement mixers, generators etc., must be placed on drip trays.
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The Contractor shall ensure that polluted runoff, such as runoff from the construction camp where equipment is cleaned and/or serviced, fuel stores, workshops, etc. is not discharged overland.
Natural run-off shall be diverted away from the work site and storage areas. The Contractor shall take appropriate measures e.g. the erection of silt traps, or drainage retention areas, to prevent silt and sand entering drainage courses.
3.14 DISCHARGE OF CONSTRUCTION WATER
Construction water refers to all water dirtied as a result of construction activities. Silt laden water may be discharged overland and be allowed to filter into the ground, but the Contractor shall ensure that no erosion results from this procedure. The contractor shall ensure that silt-laden water is not discharged directly into any surface water courses, and shall take suitable measures to prevent this. Cement-laden water, i.e. water from washings from trowels, wheelbarrows, etc., may not be discharged overland. Where possible, water should be collected and reused for mixing new concrete.
3.15 SERVICING/REFUELLING OF CONSTRUCTION VEHICLES
Servicing and fuelling should preferably occur off-site. If these activities occur on-site, the Contractor shall ensure that it takes place in designated areas. All waste generated during these activities shall be collected and disposed of off site at an appropriate off site facility capable of handling such waste. All equipment that leaks shall be repaired immediately. In the case of changing oil or lubricants on-site, the Contractor shall have Drizit pads (or equivalent) and/or drip trays available to collect any oil, fluid etc.
The Contractor shall take all reasonable precautions to prevent the pollution of the ground and/or water resources by fuels and chemicals as a result of his activities. No oil, diesel, petrol, etc., must be discharged onto the ground. Pumps and other machinery requiring oil, diesel, etc. that are to remain in one position for longer than two days shall be placed on drip trays. The drip trays shall be emptied regularly and the contaminated water disposed of off site at a facility capable of handling such waste water. Drip trays shall be cleaned before any possible rain events that may result in the drip trays overflowing and before weekends and holidays.
The Contractor shall remove all oil-, petrol-, and diesel-soaked sand immediately and shall dispose of it as hazardous waste.
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Tanks containing fuel shall have lids and shall remain firmly shut. Fuel stores shall be placed on a bunded seal base, and waste water or spilled fuel collected within the bund shall be disposed of as hazardous waste. Only clean, empty tanks may be stored on the ground.
The Contractor shall take the necessary precautions to prevent fires or spills at the fuel stores. No smoking shall be allowed in the vicinity of the stores, or activities that can initiate fires.
Any hazardous waste substances must be disposed of off-site at a licensed landfill site.
3.16 USE OF CEMENT/CONCRETE
The contractor is advised that cement and concrete are regarded as highly hazardous to the natural environment, especially to gilled animals, due to the very high pH of the material, and the chemicals contained therein. The Contractor shall therefore ensure that:
Dry cement is stored above ground level and any spillage is immediately cleared.
Concrete is mixed on mortar boards, and not directly on the ground.
The visible remains of concrete are physically removed immediately and disposed of as waste. Washing it into the ground is not acceptable.
All aggregate is also removed.
No dry cement must be allowed to enter the river.
3.17 SAFETY
The contractor shall ensure that all construction vehicles using public roads are in a roadworthy condition, that they adhere to speed limits, that their loads are secured and that all other regulations are adhered to.
3.18 NOISE
The Contractor shall take all reasonable precautions to minimise noise generated on site as a result of his operations. The Contractor shall comply with the National Building Regulations with regard to noise.
3.19 DUST CONTROL
Appropriate dust-suppression techniques shall be employed on all exposed surfaces, especially during periods of strong wind. Potential methods include:
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Remove only limited vegetation to accommodate construction activities.
Spray unpaved roads and construction areas, including stockpiles and spoil, with water routinely throughout construction.
Implement traffic control measures to limit vehicle entrained dust from unpaved roads.
Re-vegetate verges and cuttings once all of the construction is completed, and when the lay down area/construction camp is vacated.
3.20 AIR POLLUTION
All vehicles must be kept in good working order. Vehicles emitting black smoke and fumes must be repaired and maintained. No burning of waste material shall be allowed.
3.21 SOURCE OF MATERIALS
All construction material, including sand, must be from an alien plant free source, to ensure no alien seeds are brought into the area. Any alien plants accidentally introduced must be eliminated.
3.22 EMERGENCY PROCEDURES
The Contractor shall know emergency procedures for events such as fire, accidents and leakage of petroleum, chemicals and other harmful substances. The Contractor shall be responsible for informing the staff of these procedures.
3.23 SITES OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL OR CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE
The contractor shall stop work immediately and inform the Engineer if any palaeontological and/or archaeological material is uncovered during the construction. The Engineer will inform the South African Heritage Resources Agency (SAHRA) and arrange for a palaeontologist/archaeologist to inspect and excavate the area if necessary, subject to acquiring the requisite permits from SAHRA who can be contacted at: 111 Harrington Street, Cape Town, 8001 P O Box 4637, Cape Town, 8000 Tel: (021) 462 4502 Fax: (021) 462 4509 Email: [email protected]
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3.24 GENERAL
Any disruption or damage to fences, roads and any other infrastructure resulting from the proposed project must be repaired, to the Contractor‟s account. Traffic control, i.e. the opening and closing of gates on private land, must be respected during construction.
4. REHABILITATION
4.1 REMOVAL OF VEGETATION AND EXCAVATION
The vegetation of the construction site shall be cleared, after plants have been removed by the proposed CDC nursery operator (Ms Linda Redfern „Landscape & Environmental Services‟).
Topsoil must be removed to a depth of 30cm - 50cm, depending on the area. The topsoil will be stockpiled in piles not higher than 2m, and not compacted. Subsoil must be kept separate from the topsoil, and should be reinstated in the same sequence as on removal. This topsoil must be kept for rehabilitation at the completion of construction.
Sites for topsoil stockpiles must be selected by the Contractor and approved by the Engineer and must not be within sensitive vegetation and not within 50m of the rivers.
4.2 SITE REHABILITATION
The Contractor shall be responsible for the cost of rehabilitating any areas cleared or disturbed for construction purposes at the completion of construction. He will also be responsible for repairing any damage to fences and other infrastructure as a result of construction activities. All construction equipment and excess aggregate, stone, gravel, concrete, etc. shall be removed from the site upon completion of work. No discarded materials shall be buried.
5. COMPLIANCE AND PENALTIES
The Contractor shall act immediately when such notice of non-compliance is received and correct whatever is the cause for the issuing of the notice. Complaints received regarding activities on the construction site pertaining to the environment shall be recorded in a dedicated register and the response noted with the date and action taken.
Any non-compliance with the agreed procedures of the CEMP is a transgression of the various statutes and laws that define the manner by which the environment is managed. Any avoidable non-compliance with the above-mentioned measures shall be considered sufficient grounds for the
Upgrading of Main Road 435, Coega: Final Scoping Report 50 Coastal & Environmental Services imposition of a penalty. The value of the penalty per non-compliance must be determined by the Engineer and CDCs environmental officer.
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APPENDICES
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APPENDIX 1
LOCALITY MAP INDICATING THE POSITION OF THE MR435 WITHIN THE COEGA IDZ
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MR435
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APPENDIX 2
ADVERTISEMENT
BACKGROUND INFORMATION DOCUMENT
LETTER SENT TO IAPS REGISTERED ON CDC DATABASE
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NOTICE OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT PROCESS
Notice is given in terms of Regulation 4(6) of the regulations published in Government Notice No. R. 1183 under Section 26 of the Environment Conservation Act (Act No. 73 of 1989) of intent to carry out the following activity:
Proposed activities: To upgrade Main Road 435 (MR 435), located on the northern boundary of the Coega Industrial Development Zone. MR435 can be classified as a major internal collector/distributor and will be expected to carry significant numbers of vehicles once the IDZ is developed. The existing MR435 is a single carriageway and runs in east-west direction, stretching over a total length of 10 km, crossing the Coega River. The road will be upgraded along its entire length and the phasing of the road upgrade will start as a single carriageway, 2 lane standard road (i.e. total of two lanes), which will be expanded to a dual carriageway with 3 or 4 lanes in each direction (i.e. total of six to eight lanes). The pavement cross-section will be expanded from its current 5.5 m to 39.4 m, contained within a 50 m road reserve.
Proponent: Coega Development Corporation (Pty) Ltd, Contact Person: Jackie Fort (082 464 7785, Email: [email protected])
Consultant: Coastal & Environmental Services P.O. Box 934, Grahamstown Tel: 046-622 2364; Fax: 046-622 6564 Contact: Dr Goddy Enongene (if unavailable Ms Michelle Griffith) OR Email: [email protected] (m.griffith@cesnet .co.za)
In order to ensure that you are identified as an interested and/or affected party please submit your name, contact information and interest in the matter to the contact person given above from 7-21 February 2005. Subsequent to your registration a comments period will be allocated from 23 February - 9 March 2005.Written comment must be sent to the above contact details via post, fax or email. The draft report will be made available at key public libraries, municipal offices and on the Coega and Coastal & Environmental Services website.
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BACKGROUND INFORMATION DOCUMENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR PROPOSED UPGRADING OF MAIN ROAD 435, IN VICINITY OF COEGA IDZ
INTRODUCTION The Coega Industrial Development Zone (IDZ) is situated in the Eastern Cape Province, along the north-eastern coastline of Algoa Bay, approximately 20km from Port Elizabeth. The Main Road 435 (MR435) is one of the main roads serving the Coega Development Area and is expected to play a significant role both during phase I and the full IDZ development. The existing MR435 is a single carriageway and runs in an east-west direction, crossing the Coega River, and has a total length of ± 10.0 km. Consequently, with the anticipated growth of traffic from 1300 vph in 2005 to about 3824 vph in 2025, it is therefore imperative that the road be upgraded to at least a dual carriageway with three or four lanes in each direction to meet the expected demand.
Coastal & Environmental Services (CES) have been commissioned to complete the scoping phase for the proposed project to comply with the Environmental Impact Assessment regulations.
PROJECT PROPOSAL In terms of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) regulations 1182 of the Environmental Conservation Act (No 73 of 1989) the construction, and/or upgrading of roads, has been identified as activities that may have a substantial detrimental effect on the environment. The proposed upgrading of MR435 is therefore subject to an EIA outlined in regulation 1183.
The MR 435 is located on the northern boundary of the Coega Industrial Development Zone. MR435 can be classified as a major internal collector/distributor and will be expected to carry significant numbers of vehicles once the IDZ is developed.
The existing MR435 is a single carriageway and runs in east-west direction, stretching over a total length of about 10.0 km, crossing the Coega River. The project involves upgrading of the MR 435 along its entire length. The phasing of the road upgrade will start as a single carriageway, 2 lane standard road (i.e. total of two lanes), which will be expanded to a dual carriageway with 3 or 4 lanes in each direction (i.e. total of six to eight lanes). The pavement cross-section will be expanded from its current 5.5 m to 39.4 m, contained within a 50 m road reserve.
The road runs through an area containing sensitive vegetation, ecological process area and crosses the Coega River. There are no alternatives for the road route, as the road is existing, thus it is important to identify impacts that can be managed in the design, construction and operation phases.
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PROCESS OF THIS SCOPING STUDY This scoping study is guided by the principles outlined in the Environmental Impact Management Guideline document published by the then Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism (DEAT, 1998). This implies an open, participatory approach to the study and the full involvement of Interested & Affected parties (IAPs) in order to ensure that all the impacts are identified and that planning and decision-making is informed, transparent and accountable.
The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for the proposed upgrading of the MR 435 is presently in the scoping phase (Figure 1). This phase serves primarily to inform the public and relevant authorities about the proposed project and to determine any impacts. Any impacts that require additional studies will be carried through to the EIA stage. Should all impacts and issues be adequately addressed in the scoping phase, the scoping report will serve as the final document.
Authority involvement: A site visit was held with Mr Vincent Matabane of the Department of Environmental Affairs and Forestry, Mr Andries Struwig of the Department of Economic Affairs, Environment and Tourism (DEAET), Port Elizabeth and Ms Jackie Fort of the Coega Development Corporation (Pty) Ltd at the onset of the project. The purpose of this consultation was to introduce the authority concerned to the project and to discuss the Plan of Study and identified issues. The original application for authorisation as well as a Plan of Study was submitted by Ninham Shand to Ms Ntombizodwa Zimu (DEAT) and was approved on the 1 October 2004. However, CES is now completing the Scoping phase of the project and have re-submitted the application for authorization.
Public Involvement Opportunities for the involvement of Interested and Affected Parties included: An advertisement was placed in the Die Burger on the 9 February 2005 and in the E.P. Herald on the 10 February 2005, informing the public of the project and affording them the opportunity to register as Interested & Affected Parties. This document, the Background Information Document (BID), has been posted to all identified and registered IAPs. A copy of the draft scoping report will be submitted to the registered IAPs, for a two-week period, for review and comment.
IDENTIFIED ISSUES The impact of the enormous amount of clearing that will be done on the vegetation The determination of material balance of the cut and fill for the road construction Construction related issues Crossing the Coega river
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Review of previous studies (i.e. EIA for the IDZ)
Acceptance, by DEAET, of scope and plan of study
WE ARE Background Information Document and notification of the proposed HERE project to all identified IAPs
Preparation of draft scoping report
Review of draft scoping by authorities and public
Submission of final scoping report to DEAET
Record of decision or terms of reference for environmental impact assessment
Figure 1: Schematic representation of the process being followed for the scoping phase of this EIA
HOW CAN YOU BE INVOLVED? A Public Participation Process (PPP) is being conducted as part of the scoping exercise. The aim of the PPP is to allow everyone who is interested in, or likely to be affected, by the proposed sewage upgrade, to provide input into the process.
COMMENTS Please address any queries, comments or concerns you might have to: Dr. Goddy Enongene
CES Tel: (046) 622 2364 P.O. Box 934 Fax:(043) 622 6564 Grahamstown 6140 Email: [email protected]
By Monday, 21 February 2005
Upgrading of Main Road 435, Coega: Final Scoping Report 59 Coastal & Environmental Services
Dear Identified Interested and Affected Party
Re: Information on the proposed MR435 upgrade
Coastal and Environmental Services (CES) have been appointed to undertake an environmental scoping study for the proposed upgrade of the Main Road 435 (MR435).
The MR435 is located on the northern boundary of the Coega IDZ and is one of the main roads serving the Coega development area. The road is expected to play a significant role both during phase I and during the full IDZ development. It is proposed to upgrade the existing MR435 from a single carriageway to a dual (ultimate 8-lane) carriageway, in two phases, to accommodate the anticipated increase in traffic due to the development of the Coega Industrial Development Zone. The road is approximately 10 km long and will require substantial cut and fill to accommodate the proposed alignment, the crossing of the Coega River and the existing railway line. The majority of the MR435 falls within the Core Development Area (CDA) with the initial approximately 600m, falling outside the CDA.
As you are in the list of registered Interested and Affected Parties (I&APs) within the Coega Development Zone, we are informing you of the project. The draft scoping report will be available on our webpage at: http://www.cesnet.co.za/IAPS/MR435.htm
Should you have any queries or concerns or should you wish to review the draft scoping report, please contact Mr. Lungisa Bosman or Dr Goddy Enongene at CES: Tel: 046 622 2364 Fax: 046 622 6564 or Lungisa at 083 5155 938.
You can also send email to [email protected] or [email protected]
Yours sincerely
Lungisa Bosman
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APPENDIX 3
MAP SHOWING THE IDZ IN RELATION TO NMMM
Upgrading of Main Road 435, Coega: Final Scoping Report 61 Extent of non-restorable deveCoastallop &m Envieronmentalnt of Services Gra ssridge bontveld in the NMMM
Trans10 Agric (cult) Airfield (cult) Commercial Plantations Dams Dumping Mine Rail Recreational Openspace Roads Urban formal Urban informal Waste site Idz.shp Natveg21.shp Albany dune thicket Algoa dune thicket Baakens Mesic Succulent Thicket Forest Mosaic Baakens grassy fynbos Baviaans Spekboom thicket Bethelsdorp mesic succulent thicket Cape Recife bypass dunefield Coastal hummock dunes Coega estuary Coega estuary floodplain Colchester Strandveld Colleen Glen grassy fynbos Driftsands bypass dunefield Driftsands dune fynbos Goudini grassy fynbos Grass Ridge bontveld Groendal fynbos Groendal fynbos thicket Humewood Dune Fynbos Indian Ocean Dune thicket, forest mosaic Indian Ocean Dune thicket, fynbos savanna mosaic Indian Ocean Forest, thicket, fynbos, savanna mosaic Intermediate beach Koedoeskloof karroid thicket Lady Slippper mountain fynbos Lorraine transitional grassy fynbos Maitlands dunefield Malabar grassy fynbos Motherwell karroid thicket Pan Rocky beach Rowallan Park grassy fynbos Sandy beach Schoenmakerskop rocky shelf fynbos Short Form Indian Ocean Forest Skurweberg grassy fynbos St Francis dune fynbos thicket mosaic Sundays Cape Supergroup renoster bontveld Sundays Cape Supergroup valley thicket Sundays River Sundays River Floodplain Sundays doringveld thicket Sundays spekboom thicket Sundays thicket Sundays valley thicket Swartkops River Swartkops River floodplain Swartkops escarpment valley thicket Swartkops estuarine floodplain Swartkops estuary Swartkops salt marsh Tall Form Indian Ocean Forest Van Stadens Afromontane Indian Ocean Forest Mosaic Van Stadens Forest Thicket Van Stadens River Walmer grassy fynbos Wetland N
W E 0 9 18 27 36 Kilometers
S
Map 1: The Coega IDZ is represented here against the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan boundary identifying the vegetation types within the IDZ. The vegetation specific to where the road crosses includes the Sundays River Thicket or Mesic Succulent Thicket, which comprises Grass Ridge Bontveld, Sundays Valley Thicket and Motherwell Karroid Thicket
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APPENDIX 4
MAP SHOWING THE CONSERVATION STATUS OF THE IDZ (STEP DATA)
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APPENDIX 5
MR435 SHOWN IN THE OPEN SPACE MANAGEMENT PLAN
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MR435
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APPENDIX 6
LIST OF RARE, ENDANGERED, ENDEMIC AND PROTECTED SPECIES COMPILED FROM CAMPBELL (1998) AND CES (1997) RELATING TO THE BONTVELD AND MST.
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Species Family Community Status Foredune & Pentaschistis heptamera Poaceae hummocks, Dune Endemic grassland, Bontveld Dune Woodland, Chondropetalum Restionaceae Bontveld, Grassy Protected microcarpum Fynbos Dune Woodland, Endemic, Aloe africana Asphodelaceae Bontveld Protected Aloe humilis Asphodelaceae MST, Bontveld Protected Aloe lineata Asphodelaceae MST Protected Aloe pluridens Asphodelaceae MST Protected Aloe ciliaris Asphodelaceae Bontveld Protected Aloe striata Asphodelaceae Bontveld Protected Bontveld, Grassy Bulbine frutescens Asphodelaceae Endemic Fynbos, Pastures Haworthia cooperi Asphodelaceae Bontveld Protected Haworthia transluscens Asphodelaceae Bontveld Protected Kniphofia citrina Asphodelaceae Dune woodland Protected Endemic, Gasteria croucheri Asphodelaceae Dune woodland vulnerable Protasparagus Asparagaceae Bontveld Endemic crassicladus Brunsvigia gregaria Amaryllidaceae Dune woodland Endemic Cyrtanthus spiralis Amaryllidaceae Dune woodland Vulnerable Cyrthanthus clavatus Amaryllidaceae Bontveld Rare Boophane disticha Amaryllidaceae MST Protected Dune woodland, Hypoxis stellipilis Hypoxidaceae MST, Bontveld, Endemic Grassy Fynbos Dune woodland, Hypoxis zeyheri Hypoxidaceae Bontveld, Grassy Endemic Fynbos Foredune & Chasmanthe aethiopica Iridaceae hummocks, Dune Protected grassland Dune woodland Aristea anceps Iridaceae Protected Bontveld, Dune woodland, Aristea pusilla Iridaceae Protected Bontveld Dune woodland, Gladiolus maculatus Iridaceae Protected Bontveld Dune woodland, Tritonia lineata Iridaceae Protected Bontveld Satyrium Orchidaceae Bontveld Endemic membranaceium Thesium scandens Santalaceae Dune woodland, MST Endemic Rhoiacarpos capensis Santalaceae Bontveld Endemic Mesembryanthema Dune woodland, Lampranthus productus Endemic ceae Bontveld Mesembryanthema Lampranthus spectabilis MST, Bontveld Endemic ceae Platythyra haeckeliana Mesembryanthema MST, Bontveld Endemic
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Species Family Community Status ceae Rhombophyllum Mesembryanthema Bontveld, Grassy Endemic rhomboideum ceae Fynbos Foredune & Silene primuliflora Caryophyllaceae hummock, Dune Endemic grassland Dune woodland, Adromischus cristatus Crassulaceae Bontveld, Grassy Endemic Fynbos Dune woodland, Cotylendon velutina Crassulaceae Endemic MST, Bontveld Crassula intermedia Crassulaceae MST, Bontveld Endemic Crassula perfoliata Crassulaceae MST Protected Crassula Crassulaceae Bontveld Endemic mesembryanthhoides Crassula pyramidalis Crassulaceae Bontveld Protected Dune woodland, Indigofera glaucencens Fabaceae Bontveld, Grassy Endemic Fynbos Bontveld, Grassy Indigofera disticha Fabaceae Endemic Fynbos Indigofera sulcata Fabaceae Dune woodland Endemic Psoralea repens Fabaceae Dune woodland Vulnerable Dune woodland, Zygophyllum Zygophyllaceae Bontveld, Grassy Endemic uitenhagense Fynbos Polygala ericifolia Polygalaceae Dune woodland Endemic Dune woodland, Muraltia squarrosa Polygalaceae Endemic Bontveld Euphorbia coerulescens Euphorbiaceae MST Endemic Euphorbia fimbriata Euphorbiaceae MST, Bontveld Endemic Euphorbia ledienii Euphorbiaceae MST, Bontveld Endemic Endemic, Euphorbia meloformis Euphorbiaceae MST, Bontveld Endangered, Protected Rare, Euphorbia globosa Euphorbiaceae Bontveld Protected, Endemic Bontveld, Grassy Euphorbia gorgonis Euphorbiaceae Endemic Fynbos Euphorbia polygona Euphorbiaceae Bontveld Endemic Euphorbia stellata Euphorbiaceae Bontveld Endemic Dune woodland, Erica glumoflora Ericaceae Bontveld, Grassy Endemic Fynbos Dune woodland, Endangered, Rapanea gilliana Myrsinaceae Bontveld Endemic Sideroxylon inerme Saptaceae MST, Bontveld Protected Pachypodium Endemic, Apocynaceae MST, Bontveld bispinosum Protected Pachypodium Apocynaceae Bontveld Protected succulentum Walafrida nitida Selaginaceae Dune woodland Endemic Blepharis procumbens Acanthaceae Dune woodland, Endemic
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Species Family Community Status Bontveld, Grassy Fynbos Vulnerable, Syncarpha recurvata Asteraceae Bontveld Endemic Metalasia aurea Asteraceae Bontveld Endemic Othonna rufibarbis Asteraceae Bontveld1 Endemic
1 Red data categories have been developed by the World Conservation Union (IUCN). The following categories are briefly outlined below: Endangered – Taxa in danger of extinction and whose survival is unlikely if the causal factors continue operating. Vulnerable – Taxa believed likely to be moved into the endangered category in the near future if the causal factors continue operating. Included are species of which all or most of the populations are decreasing because of overexploitation, extensive destruction of habitat or other environmental disturbance and species with populations which have been seriously depleted and whose ultimate security is not yet assured. Rare – Taxa with small or restricted populations which are not at present endangered or vulnerable but which are at risk. These species are usually localised within restricted geographical areas and habitats, or are thinly scattered over a more extensive range. Indeterminate – Species that are suspected of being threatened but for which insufficient information is currently available. Endemic – Native, restricted or found naturally only in a particular locality or distribution range.
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APPENDIX 7
PROPOSED LIST OF SPECIES TO BE RESCUED (those species occurring in the IDZ that are listed in National Forest Act and Provinical Nature Conservation Ordinance)
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1 Acrolophia micrantha (Lindl.) Schltr. & H. Bol. 46 Duvalia caespitosa (Mass.) Haw. 2 Aloe africana Mill. 47 Erica cerinthoides L. var. cerinthoides 3 Aloe ferox Mill. 48 Erica glumiflora Klotzsch ex Benth. 4 Aloe humilis (L.) Mill. 49 Eulophia tuberculata H. Bol. 5 Aloe lineata (Ait.) Haw. var. lineata 50 Euphorbia bupleurifolia Jacq. 6 Aloe maculata All. 51 Euphorbia globosa (Haw.) Sims 7 Aloe pluridens Haw. 52 Euphorbia meloformis Ait. 8 Aloe striata Haw. 53 Fockea edulis (Thunb.) K. Schum. 9 Apodolirion macowanii Bak. 54 Freesia corymbosa (Burm. F.) Gladiolus maculatus Sweet subsp. meridionalis 10 Aristea anceps Eckl. ex Klatt 55 (G.J. Lewis) Oberm. 11 Aristea cognata N.E. Br. ex Weim. 56 Gladiolus permeabilis Delarche Glottiphyllum depressum (Haw.) N.E.Br. 12 Aristea pusilla (Thunb.) Ker-Gawl. subsp. pusilla 57 (=Glottiphyllum haagei Tischer) 13 Asclepias crispa Berg. 58 Haemanthus albiflos Jacq. 14 Asclepias fruticosa L. 59 Haemanthus coccineus L. 15 Astephanus marginatus Decne. 60 Haemanthus humilis Jacq. subsp. humilis 16 Babiana patersoniae L. Bol. 61 Haworthia cooperi Bak. 17 Bergeranthus addoensis L. Bol. 62 Haworthia translucens Haw. 18 Bergeranthus longisepalus L. Bol. 63 Huernia sp. 19 Bergeranthus scapiger (Haw.) N.E. Br. 64 Kniphofia citrina Bak. 20 Bonatea speciosa (L.f.) Willd. 65 Lampranthus hollandii (L. Bol.) L. Bol. Boophone disticha (L. f.) Herb. (formerly Lampranthus productus (Haw.) N.E.Br. var. 21 Boophane disticha) 66 productus 22 Brachystelma sp. 67 Lampranthus spectabilis (Haw.) N.E. Br. 23 Brunsvigia gregaria R.A. Dyer 68 Micranthus alopecuroides (L.) Rothm. 24 Carpobrotus sp 69 Microloma tenuifolium K. Schum. 25 Ceropegia ampliata E. Mey. 70 Orbea pulchella (Mass.) Leach 26 Ceropegia carnosa E. Mey. 71 Orthopterum coegana L. Bol. 27 Ceropegia dubia R.A. Dyer 72 Pachypodium bispinosum (L. f.) A. DC. 28 Chasmanthe aethiopica (L.) N.E. Br. 73 Pachypodium succulentum (L. f.) Sweet 29 Chondropetalum microcarpum (Kunth) Pillans 74 Platythyra haeckeliana (Berger) N.E. Br. Crassula perfoliata L. var coccinea (Sweet) Rhombophylum rhomboideum (Salm-Dyck) 30 Rowley 75 Schwant. 31 Crassula pyramidalis Thunb. 76 Ruschia cymbifolia (Haw.) L. Bol. 32 Cynanchum gerrardii (Harv.) Liede 77 Ruschia congesta (Salm-Dyck) L. Bol. 33 Cynanchum natalitium Schltr. 78 Sarcostemma viminale (L.) R. Br. 34 Cynanchum obtusifolium L. f. var. obtusifolium 79 Satyrium membranaceum Swartz 35 Cyrtanthus clavatus (L'Her.) R.A. Dyer 80 Scadoxus puniceus (L.) Friis & Nordal 36 Cyrtanthus spiralis Burch. Ex Ker-Gawl. 81 Secamone alpini Schultes Delosperma ecklonis (Salm-Dyck) Schwant. var. 37 ecklonis 82 Secamone filiformis (L. f.) J.H. Ross 38 Delosperma lehmannii (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Schwant. 83 Sideroxylon inerme L. 39 Delosperma litorale (Kensit) L. Bol. 84 Stapelia grandiflora Mass. 40 Delosperma pruinosum (Thunb.) J. Ingram 85 Stenoglottis fimbriata Lindl. 41 Dietes grandiflora N.E. Br. 86 Strumaria gemmata Ker-Gawl 42 Drosanthemum ambiguum L. Bol. 87 Trichodiadema bulbosum (Haw.) Schwant. 43 Drosanthemum brevifolium (Ait.) Schwant. 88 Tritonia lineata (Salisb.) Ker-Gawl. var. parvifolia 44 Drosanthemum hispidum (L.) Schwant. 89 Veltheimia bracteata Harv. ex Bak. 45 Drosanthemum parvifolium (Haw.) Schwant.
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Other species that are deemed suitable for rehabilitation and landscaping should also be collected.
The nursery will be given the first opportunity to rescue plants, after which other nurseries will be allowed in the area to rescue specimens for sale.
Number of specimens to be rescued The number of specimens of each species to be collected is difficult to determine. In practical terms, samples of perhaps fewer than 20 genetically distinct individuals of each species are unlikely to be successfully established as viable populations after relocation. Larger samples would certainly stand a better chance of successful establishment.
Upgrading of Main Road 435, Coega: Final Scoping Report 73 Coastal & Environmental Services
APPENDIX 8 GRAPHIC REPRESENTATION OF THE PROPOSED UPGRADE OF MR435
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Alternative Alignment
Original Alignment
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APPENDIX 9
LIST OF INTERESTED AND AFFECTED PARTIES CONTACTED DURING THE SCOPING PROCES FOR THE PROPOSED UPGRADE OF MAIN ROAD 435
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Last Name Initial First Name Capacity Organisation Abdol H Hadeeyah SADTU Adshade A Swartkops Trust Allan C Colm Rhodes University Allan D Director Bird Life South Africa Allison B Bivian Metroplan Ward 4 Ratepayers Aston PD Association Environmental Bailey D Darrell Health Officer Western District Council Bain J COEGA Bosho Steel (Ballast Bakker N Nedham) Balley M Maweza WDM Manager: Member Barnes S Samantha Participation PERCCI Barrett P Pam Endangered Wildlife Trust Barrett L Liz Director Wildright Marketing International Fund for Bell J Jason Animal Welfare COEGA Development Benya N Nokwanda The Office Manager Corporation Bevu I SANCO Motherwell Biljon K Kieth Classic Exposure COEGA Development Billings L Lionel Finance Specialist Corporation Blaauw G Godfrey A CHIB Bluewater Bay Blacklaws A Alex Ratepayers Association Anton Bok & Associates Bok A Anton CC Booi N Ndzuzo ANCSACP Youth Forum Terrestrial Ecology Boshoff A Andre Research Unit UPE The Managing Bohlweki Environmental- Boswell J Jeremy Director Vorna Valley Bouwer D SRV Citrus Farmer South Africa Boyce W William Environmental Project Eastern Cape Wild Bird Brett P Patrick Society Brown D Portnet - Port Elizabeth Bucwa L Les Bulbanu MH PERRA P E Ratepayers Bulbring W Wally Association Button SC CSIR - Nelspruit Campbell H Mr Helenvale Resource Camphor Y Centre Department of Mineral Carr J John The Director and Energy Scientific Services Port Castley G Guy Animal Ecologist Elizabeth SANP Cawe D Douglas NUMSA Cekisani M Moki Ubuntu Environmental
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Last Name Initial First Name Capacity Organisation Trust Chabula The Director Western District Council Chairman of Trustees Executive Cape Recife Environment Committee Chairman & Educational Trust Chait S Sidney Portnet Wildlife and Environment Chalmers J Judy Society of SA - PE National Ingredient Chandler L Len The Manager Suppliers / Cerebos Salt Helenvale Resource Claasen D Dorothy Centre SAEP - Mandela Metropole Sustainability Clark J Jenni Coalition Bayworld Centre for Cockcroft V Vic Director Dolphin Studies Coetzee D ANC Youth League - PE Cook B Bruce The Manager Outspan Director Wildlife and Environment Cooper K Keith Conservation Society of SA - PE Wildlife and Environment Cooper K Society of SA ISSC - University Of Port Coopoo S Elizabeth Department Of Water Couldridge S Sam Affairs - PE Couldridge J Joan Swartkops Trust Crews DG Hougham Park Crews K Kate Hougham Park Crews D David Crooijmans H Hedwig Urban Service Group The Chief Executive PE Regional Chamber of Da Costa A Alfred Officer Commerce ANC Port Elizabeth Dano M Mabhuti Region Davids Mrs Arcadia Skool The Regional Wildlife and Environment Davies D Denise Manager Society of SA - PE SA Rail Commuter De Beer T Tuli Corporation PEM & EP Shore Anglers De Klerk A Abra Association Goldberg & De Villiers De Villiers C Colin Attorneys Wildlife and Environment Dechant T Tony Society of SA - PE Dechant A Chairman Baakens Trust Sundays River Citrus Deetlefs PP General Manager Cooperative Delport & Pieterse Delport & Pieterse Attorneys Des-Fountain RC Rod The Manager Lafarge SA (Pty) Ltd Ditala M Mpumelelo POPCRU Selmar Schonland Dold T Tony Herbarium Driver M Mandy Development Policy
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Last Name Initial First Name Capacity Organisation Research Unit Du Plessis JHH SRIB Du Preez WM Patensie Citrus Dubb E Eric John Price Estates Ehlers H SRV Citrus Farmer Department of Environmental Affairs & Els L Leon The Deputy Director Tourism Eastern Province Erasmus BP Agricultural Union St Croix Development Co. Exley J John Director Sonop Farm 303 Faku N Nceba The Mayor Port Elizabeth TLC Felix C Clive Urban Service Group Ferreira AC Anton Houghan Park 2 Ferreira CF Houghan Park 2 Ferreira D Ferreira E Endulini Estates Ferreira I Ferbo Farming Finn J Joan Swartkops Trust Swartkops Trust E P Finn Mr and Mrs Wildflower Society Wildlife and Environment Finnmore M Society of SA - PE Fisher G J Scientist Blue Horizon Consulting Eastern Province Fouche M Minke The Manager Agricultural Union Fourie G SRV Citrus Farmer Human Resources COEGA Development Fourie J Johan Manager Corporation Department of Environmental Affairs & Fourie W Wynand The Director Tourism Fry M Katco General G The Secretary PE Civil Society Forum Gerhard M Marx Housing and Local Government Planning Gericke B Ben Division Gesundt J Joseph SANCO Wildlife and Environment Gibbs M Matt Society of SA - PE The Managing Gibbs M Marlon Director PERCCI The General Sundays River Citrus Co- Gibbs W Winton Manager operative Bureau of Industrial Gilbert Peter Liaison Economic Affairs Environment & Tourism Godongwana E Enoch MEC EC Goedhart M Marc Council of Geoscience Port Services Goosen E Ester Manager Portnet Gotyi R Roy The Secretary SANCO PE Govender S Portnet
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Last Name Initial First Name Capacity Organisation Gqobi TW SANCO Branch 44 Green M PE Civil Society Forum Grundlingh D Swartkops River Rides The Chief Executive Gxilixshe B Bongani Officer Western District Council SA Rail Commuter Hahn P Peter Corporation Director: Research Hall-Martin A Anthony and Development National Parks Board The Executive Manager of COEGA Development Hartle R Raymond Communications Corporation The Executive Manager of COEGA Development Heeger E Eugene Technical Planning Corporation Department of Labour & Hendriks M Economy Hendrikse K Kevin Birdlife SA - PE Heyns E Deputy Mayor City Council Hickson Mr National Botanical Hilton-Taylor C Craig Institute Swartkops Trust / Aloes Hoffman S Sue Environmental CMT Northern Areas Hoggons J Judy Development Trust The Disaster Hopo S Simo Management Officer Western District Council Hosking S Stephen Professor Dept. Economics UPE Wildlife and Environment Hunt V Valerie Society of SA - PE Hunt F W Sundays River Citrus Co- Husselman JH operative Inggs D RCM Department of Housing Ingram CI and Local Government COEGA Development Inman P Peter Technical Specialist Corporation Isaacs ME ANC - PE Jaca N Nompuluko NUMSA Jack M Sport Forum V3 Consulting Engineers - Jack M Mmlungisi PE Louw Strydom Consulting Jack M Mlungisi Development Officer Engineers Jacobs V James F Fanie Black Management forum Addo/ Sundays River Jantjies H Henry Citrus Co-operative Wildlife and Environment Jeffrey C Chris Society of SA - PE Jezi NE SANCO Motherwell Jim I Irvin COSATU Nelson Mandela Johnson L Lulu Metropole Jokazi E Okuselwandle Fishing
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Last Name Initial First Name Capacity Organisation Jonga T Thembakile SANCO PE COEGA Development Jordaan J Julie Corporation Jordaan P Advisor to Minister DTI Jorgenson N Noleen PPC Sandy & Mazizi Jundi W Consulting Kahn A R DWAF Keke Z Zolile Chairman DWAF Terrestrial Ecology Kerley G Graham Research Unit UPE Keulder F Rhodes University Environmental COEGA Development Koza T Themba Scientist Corporation Kilian L Area Manager Blue Circle Marine and Mamal Klages N Norbet Scientist Institute Scientific Services Port Knight MH The Manager Elizabeth SANP Koenaite MM Mike Councillor ANC Kosana V Vukile NEHAWU Kwini W Wandile SANCO Despatch Development Laawu T Thobikile Forum Lake G Tawkatara Coega LW Lake and Sons Lake L Tankatara Department of Environmental Affairs & Langoasa J Jerry The Chairperson Tourism Lawu T Thobile ANC Alliance Despatch SAEP - Mandela Metropole Sustainability Le Quesne T Tom Coalition Le Roux A Proprietor Dun Roven Citrus Ledger J John The Director Endangered Wildlife Trust Executive Manager - COEGA Development Leese P Paul Finance Corporation Billiton Aliminium Project Light W Wayne (Pty) Ltd International Little A Arthur Reviewer Arthur D Little Department of Chief Air Pollution Environmental Affairs & Lloyd M Control Officer Tourism Logie C M Owner Logie Jewellers Department of Civil Engineering PE Long SS Technicon Addo/ Sundays River Lose J Jeremy Citrus Co-operative Marine Mammal Interest Lotz D Co-ordinator Group Luiters J Johan Riverside Construction Lukanyiso T Timisi The Chairperson PE Civil Society Forum Lukwe G George SADTU Lungisa A Andile City Central Branch
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Last Name Initial First Name Capacity Organisation COEGA Development Mabula M Mpumi Technical Specialist Corporation Mabuthi Regional Organiser ANC Manager : Environmental South African National MacGregor M Murray Services Parks (SANP) Madikane NA SANCO Mafana T Themba The Chairperson Port Elizabeth TLC Eastern Cape African Mahlulo K Kraby Chamber of Commerce Majalamba TG SANCO Uitenhage Development Majola M Mzwandile Forum Coega Development Maledu J James The Chairperson Forum Mali AM Agriculture & Land Affairs Mamase M Max EC Fire & Emergency Mangena M Services - PE Maqxwalisa D Duma CSIR - PE Maree G George SEEFF Properties Parks & Recreation PE Martin P Paul Director Municipality Environmental Rights Martindale R Robert Attorney Association Marx G Gerhard Albany Museum Public Works & Transport Masualle P Phumulo EC Department of Environmental Affairs & Matabane V Vincent Tourism Matchett C Chris Senior Engineer Portnet Matenjwa P SANCO PE Matsuso M M SANCO Motherwell Department of Mineral Matthews IP and Energy Matyana S Maweni N Nicholas Black Management forum Mayekiso ZE SANCO PE Department of Economic Deputy Permanent Affairs Environment & Mbengashe M Maria Secretary Tourism Mbikwana S New Mirror Mbujoza PK Swartkops Mc Hugh L Liz Port Elizabeth TLC R G M & M M McGregor G Meintjies R Renier Town Engineer Uitenhage TLC City Engineers Mentz M Muller City Engineer Department Menze L Lex SAMWU Mercer J Jonathan Chief Town Planner Port Elizabeth TLC Mhlaluka S Portnet - Port Elizabeth
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Last Name Initial First Name Capacity Organisation National Ingredient Mill P Suppliers / Cerebos Salt ANC SANCO SACP Mini V Vusi Zwide SA Railways and Harbour Mkefa K Khaya Workers Union Mlomo R Reginald Vista University Department of Environmental Affairs & Mokgohloa F Flora Tourism Mona A Arnold Mondi M Mandisa Portnet - Port Elizabeth Moodley D Danny Town Clerk Uitenhage Municipality Moorehouse S Sherry Moorhouse Consulting cc Department of Environmental Affairs & Moosa V Valli The Minister Tourism Morawasi D SANCO PE Bluewater Bay Township Mowbray J John Chairman Development Motherwell Development Mqcukayitobi Forum Msingizane T Theo CAWU Executive Manager: COEGA Development Msizi N Namawabo Corporate Services Corporation Sandy & Mazizi Msutu M Mazizi Consulting Mtanga M Monde SANCO Mtyeku K Kevin NUMSA The Managing Muller CJ Connie Director Marine Growers (Pty) Ltd Environmental Murrell G Control Officer Western District Council Mxube L Lungile NEHAWU Norman Myers Attorney & Myers NM Norman Notary Department Of Water Mzamo T Thembisile Affairs - PE Ndema S Sandile Govan Mbeki Forum NEHAWU SA Institute of Ndlebe S Sabelo Medical Research Motherwell Community Ndyambo L Chairperson Policing Forum Newington Heather UPE SAB Institute for Environ & Coastal Newman B Brent The Director Management Port Elizabeth City Ngcete M Mthetheleli The Chairperson Council Niven C Clive Director Amanzi Packhouse Community Environment Nkone L Lerato Network Nkumanda G General CEN Nkumanda BB SANCO Branch 42 International Fund for Nkwentsha N Ntombentsha Animal Welfare Nkwinti G Gugile Department of Housing
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Last Name Initial First Name Capacity Organisation and Local Government Uitenhage Development November Y Yoliswa Forum Youth United Against Nyengane N Secretary General Crime O'Conner J Olivier M Marius Setplan Eastern Province O'Moore RP The Manager Agricultural Union Opperman EJ Coega Brick COEGA Development Padayachy S Shrina Personal Assistant Corporation Southern Africa Papu B Boyce Deputy Director Environment Project D W International Development Paterson L & Empowerment Trust Patrick B Brett Birdlife Eastern Cape Pearson R Roald Gqebera Development Peter S Sithembiso The Co-ordinator Trust Petros B PE Civil Society Forum Phiyega R Riah Portnet Eastern Province Pietersen CJ Agricultural Union Potgieter S COEGA The Chief Executive Pretorius A Attie Officer Despatch TLC UPE Institute for Social & Pretorius D Deon Systematic Change Garneri investments/ Price R Rennie Wicklow trust Price J John John Price Estates Proctor-Simms M Mike SABC Eastern Cape UCT Libraries Government Publ. Rademeyer P Pat Dept./UCT Librarie East Cape Development Ramncwana L Lizzie Agencies Environmental Randall P Peter Journalist Algoa Sun Rasmeni M SANCO Motherwell Reed D Doug Coega IDZ Iniative Relese MW SANCO Richards B Bob Nukakamma Canoe Trail Richards J G Town Clerk P E Municipality Riordon R Rori The Director Human Rights Trust - PE Environmental Rogers G Guy Journalist Eastern Province Herald Roux F Francois Swartkoppend Farm Roux W Swartkoppend Farm Rump AN Swartkops Trust The Regional Wildlife and Environment Rump A Arthur Chairman Society of SA - PE Sandi D Dan Chairperson WRDC Department of Scarr N Nicholas Environmental Affairs &
Upgrading of Main Road 435, Coega: Final Scoping Report 84 Coastal & Environmental Services
Last Name Initial First Name Capacity Organisation Tourism Wildlife and Environment Schumann E Eckhart Society of SA - PE Schwartz P Peter The Chairperson Friends of the Beachfront COEGA Development Scott S Susan Corporation Sidonca CN SANCO Branch 2 Sihlwayi N PEM Sikani M Mike P E Civil Society Forum The Chief Executive COEGA Development Silinga P Pepi Officer Corporation Department of Zoology Sims-Castley R Rebecca UPE Mncedisi Pedu SANCO Eastern Sitoto MG Griffiths Official Cape Smale M Malcolm Port Elizabeth Museum Smit K Kobus Ruco Projects Smit A National Party Smith J John Member 8CR Property Trust Provincial Planning Board Smout M Micheal The Chairperson Rhodes University Umtha Welanga Casino Soulo Chairman Bid Company Department of Economic Environmental Affairs Environment & Southwood A Alan Scientist Tourism Stevenson Bobby Democratic Party Environmental Wildlife and Environment Stewart W Warrick Officer Society of SA - PE Stofile A Arnold Eastern Cape Province Struwig A Andries Director DEAE&T Department of Housing Stupart D and Local Government Tabata S Sisa Port Elizabeth TLC Tait Mr SBT Konstrksie Tandon S Sanjiv Port Captain Portnet Southern Africa Tennille N Norton Executive Director Environment Project Thamange T Thobeka Portnet Thus K COSATU / POPCRU - PE Tiem X Xolani Enviro Boosters Titus K Klaas POPCRU Executive Special COEGA Development Tiya K Khwezi Assistant Corporation Tofile M Mike The Secretary SANCO PE Tola N Nonkululeko SANCO Town Clerk Town Clerk Despatch Municipality P E Ratepayers Trader C Colin Association DTI Enterprise Truter F Francois Organisation Van Amstel N Nick Portnet Department of Mineral Van As J Jannie and Energy Affairs - PE Van Der Kooy F Frank Eskom Van Der Riet C Clive Van Der Riet Architects
Upgrading of Main Road 435, Coega: Final Scoping Report 85 Coastal & Environmental Services
Last Name Initial First Name Capacity Organisation Wildlife & Environment Van Der Vyver I Irna Director Soc. Of SA Van Der Westhuizen L IMATU Environmental Van Niekerk L Lisl Journalist PE Express Wildlife and Environment Van Zyl L Leon Society of SA - PE Vena N Nontombi SANCO PE Vermaak C Mimosa Farms Von Wildemann R E Private individual Wayle G Goodman COSATU Sandy & Mazizi Wren S Sandra Consulting Nelson Mandela Zeiss A Alan Metropole Zokufa Z NUMSA The News Desk Radio Kingfisher Mandela Metropole The Manager Sustainability Coalition Apprised Agriculture (Pty) The Manager Ltd Gardeneri Investments The Manager (Pty) Ltd The Tenebrosa Lodge The Manager (Pty) Ltd The Manager Wicklow Trust
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