Fairwest Village: Ecological Assessment Report

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Fairwest Village: Ecological Assessment Report ` Fairwest Village: Ecological Assessment Report Report Prepared by: Engineering Advice & Services (Pty) Ltd EAS Project Number: 1470 20 October 2017 Fairwest Village: Ecological Assessment Report Prepared for: Imizi Housing Utility (NPO) 7 Upper Dickens Road, Central, Port Elizabeth, 6001 Tel:(041) 508 5800 Fax: (041) 373 1838 Prepared by: Engineering Advice & Services (Pty) Ltd 73 Heugh Road, Walmer, Port Elizabeth, 6013 Tel: +27 (0) 41 581 2421 Fax: +27 (0) 86 683 9899 EAS Project Number: 1470 20 October 2017 This Report has been prepared by Engineering Advice and Services, with all reasonable skill, care and diligence within the terms of the contract with the client, incorporating our standard terms and conditions of business and taking into account the resources devoted to it by agreement with the client. EAS disclaims any responsibility to the client and others in respect of any matters outside of the scope of the above. This report is exclusive to the client and the described project. EAS accepts no responsibility of whatsoever nature to third parties to whom this Report, or any part thereof, is made known. Any such persons or parties rely on the report at their own risk. Compiled by: Name Company Email Mr Jamie Pote (Ecology) Engineering Advice & Services [email protected] Mr Daniel Schroeder (GIS) Engineering Advice & Services [email protected] EAS Ref: F:\1400-1499\1470\Environmental\Reports\Biophysical Reports\1470 Fairwest EAR 14082017.docx Fairwest Village: Ecological Assessment Report 20 October 2017 Table of Contents 1 Introduction & Background ..................................................................................................................1 1.1 Methodology and Approach ..........................................................................................................1 1.2 Proposed Approach........................................................................................................................1 1.3 Legislation Framework ..................................................................................................................1 1.4 Systematic Planning Frameworks .................................................................................................3 1.4.1 Vegetation of Southern Africa ...............................................................................................1 1.4.2 Eastern Cape Biodiversity Conservation Plan (ECBCP) ......................................................1 1.4.3 Nelson Mandela Bay Bioregional Plan .................................................................................1 1.5 Implications of Systematic Planning frameworks .........................................................................2 1.6 Systematic Planning Maps ............................................................................................................3 2 Description of the Terrestrial Environment ..........................................................................................9 2.1 Site Locality ..................................................................................................................................9 2.2 Summary of Terrestrial Environment ............................................................................................9 2.3 Ecological Processes ...................................................................................................................10 2.4 On-site vegetation and Sensitivity ............................................................................................... 11 2.5 Flora ............................................................................................................................................12 2.5.1 Species of Special Concern .................................................................................................12 2.5.2 Alien Invasive species .........................................................................................................13 2.6 Fauna ...........................................................................................................................................14 2.6.1 Permit Requirements ...........................................................................................................15 2.7 Conclusions and Recommendations ............................................................................................15 2.8 List of Site Maps .........................................................................................................................15 3 Impact Assessment .............................................................................................................................17 3.1 Assessment of the significance of the potential impacts .............................................................17 3.1.1 Criteria of assigning significance to potential impacts ........................................................17 3.1.2 Significance Rating .............................................................................................................17 3.2 Identification of potential impacts ...............................................................................................18 3.2.1 Possible impacts on biodiversity during construction and operations .................................18 3.2.2 Summary of actions, activities, or processes that have sufficiently significant impacts to require mitigation ...............................................................................................................................18 3.2.3 Potential cumulative impacts ...............................................................................................18 4 Mitigation and Management ...............................................................................................................20 4.1 Vegetation and Flora Clearing and Relocation Plan ....................................................................20 5 Conclusions ........................................................................................................................................20 6 References ..........................................................................................................................................21 7 Appendix B: Site Photographic Record ..............................................................................................23 List of Figures Figure 1: Map indicating locality of the site within NMB. .............................................................................3 Figure 2: Rivers and Wetlands. ......................................................................................................................3 Figure 3: Vegetation units and status, as per Nelson Mandela Bay Bioregional Conservation Plan. ............3 Figure 4: Critical Biodiversity Areas, as per Nelson Mandela Bay Bioregional Conservation Plan. ...............3 i Fairwest Village: Ecological Assessment Report 20 October 2017 Figure 5: Aerial Map. .....................................................................................................................................3 Figure 6: Critical Biodiversity Areas and corridors ...................................................................................... 10 Figure 7: Vegetation (NMB Bioregional Plan) ............................................................................................. 10 Figure 8: Critical Biodiversity Areas and corridors. ..................................................................................... 10 Figure 9: Mapped Vegetation and Sensitivity ............................................................................................. 15 List of Tables Table 1: Summary of Biodiversity features. ...................................................................................................1 Table 2: Flora Species of Special Concern known to occur in the vicinity of the site ................................. 13 Table 3: Alien Invasive plants and common weeds present and respective NEMBA classifications. ......... 14 Table 4: Summary indicating significance of potential impacts (SB = Significance BEFORE Mitigation; SA = Significance AFTER Mitigation) ................................................................................................................. 19 ii Fairwest Village: Ecological Assessment Report 20 October 2017 Abbreviations CARA Conservation of Agricultural Resources Act 43 of 1983 CBA Critical Biodiversity Area DEDEAT Department of Economic Development, Environmental Affairs and Tourism DEMC Desired Ecological Management Class DWS Department of Water Affairs and Sanitation DWAF Department of Water Affairs and Forestry (former department name) EA Environmental Authorisation ECO Environmental Control Officer EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EIR Environmental Impact Report EMC Ecological Management Class EMP Environmental Management Plan EMPr Environmental Management Programme report ER Environmental Representative ESS Ecosystem Services IAP’s Interested and Affected Parties IEM Integrated Environmental Management LM Local Municipality masl meters above sea level NBA National Biodiversity Assessment NEMA National Environmental Management Act 107 of 1998 NFA National Forests Act NEMBA National Environmental Management: Biodiversity Act 10 of 2004 NFA National Forest Act 84 of 1998 PEMC Present Ecological Management Class PES Present Ecological State PNCO Provincial Nature and Environment Conservation Ordinance (No.
Recommended publications
  • Upgrade of Main Road 435, Coega Industrial Development Zone, Eastern Cape
    UPGRADE OF MAIN ROAD 435, COEGA INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ZONE, EASTERN CAPE FINAL SCOPING REPORT Prepared by Coastal & Environmental Services P.O. Box 934 Grahamstown 6140 For Coega Industrial Development Zone and Port Libra Chambers Oakworth Road Humerail Port Elizabeth 6001 C/O Ninham Shand/Manong & Associates Joint Venture 120 Villiers Road Walmer 6070 Port Elizabeth March 2005 Coastal & Environmental Services TABLE OF CONTENT SECTION 1: SCOPING REPORT ................................................................................................... 1 1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Background ............................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Brief project description ........................................................................................... 1 1.3 Alternatives .............................................................................................................. 2 1.4 Project methodology ................................................................................................ 2 1.5 Scope of work .......................................................................................................... 3 1.6 Study team .............................................................................................................. 4 1.7 Structure of report ...................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • NELSON MANDELA BAY MUNICIPALITY Transactional
    NELSON MANDELA BAY MUNICIPALITY Environmental Health Directorate Environmental Management Sub-directorate Transactional Advisor Synthesis Report On proposed Ecotourism Projects November 2009 Kyle BusineBusinessss Projects Nightsky Ideas Trust TABLE OF CONTENTS No. CONTENT Page 1. Conditions of Contract 1 2. Literature Review and Site Visits 2 3. Sustainable Tourism 4 4. Relationship between tourism and the environment 6 5. Biological Diversity and Climate Change 11 6. The importance of Blue Flag Beaches 13 7. Shift towards Learning Experience and Creative Tourism 14 8. Impact Assessment Grids 19 9. Checklist for identifying tourism potential of Protected Areas 23 10. Overview of Tourism 24 11. Tourism Potential Assessment (TPA) 34 12. Tourism Asset Grid 34 12. Tourism Asset Grid Maitland River Mouth 35 12.1 Tourism Potential Grid 37 12.1 Tourism Potential Grid Maitland River Mouth 37 13. Tourism Potential Assessment Van Stadens Nature Reserve 39 13.8 Tourism Asset Grid Van Stadens Wild Flower Reserve 55 13.9 Tourism Potential Grid Van Stadens Wild Flower Reserve 57 14. Characteristics of Urban Parks 59 15. Appendix One: Tourism Definitions 16. Appendix Two: References NMBM Transactional Advisor Synthesis Report Ecotourism Projects 1. Conditions of Contract To conduct eco-tourism project viability, planning study and provide appropriate advice to Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality on the correct strategic direction essential for developing a healthy biodiversity economy for the NMBM’s Nature Reserves. The NMBM is working at the frontline of development and biodiversity conservation. This includes perfecting its Metropolitan Open Space System (MOSS) conservation plan and action plans; to achieve the conservation of biodiversity in “biodiversity priority areas”.
    [Show full text]
  • Threatened Ecosystems in South Africa: Descriptions and Maps
    Threatened Ecosystems in South Africa: Descriptions and Maps DRAFT May 2009 South African National Biodiversity Institute Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism Contents List of tables .............................................................................................................................. vii List of figures............................................................................................................................. vii 1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 8 2 Criteria for identifying threatened ecosystems............................................................... 10 3 Summary of listed ecosystems ........................................................................................ 12 4 Descriptions and individual maps of threatened ecosystems ...................................... 14 4.1 Explanation of descriptions ........................................................................................................ 14 4.2 Listed threatened ecosystems ................................................................................................... 16 4.2.1 Critically Endangered (CR) ................................................................................................................ 16 1. Atlantis Sand Fynbos (FFd 4) .......................................................................................................................... 16 2. Blesbokspruit Highveld Grassland
    [Show full text]
  • The Van Stadens Wildflower Reserve
    • The Van Stadens Wildflower Reserve The Van Stadens Wildflower Reserve, about 40 km west of Port Elizabeth, conserves a number of endemic, rare and threatened plants in the Albany Centre of Endemism and serves as an important environmental education centre to local communities in the Nelson Mandela Metropole and outlying regions. by Wesley Berrington, Nelson Mandela Metropole Municipality, Port Elizabeth and Tony Dold, Selmar Schonland Herbarium, Rhodes University, Grahamstown In the 1700s the rather sinister name Galgenbosch (Dutch for 'Gallow's Wood 1 referred to the greater Thornhill area of the Eastem Cape, including the Galgenbosch Hoogte that is now the Van Stadens Berg. Army ensign August Beutler camped at Galgenbosch in 1752, so named because some travellers had cut their names on a tree and someone else had added a gallows above them. Although it remains unclear who Van Staden was, the grassy flats and steep mountains of that name were much admired by early travellers from as early as 1773 when the Swedish botanist Carl Peter Thunberg wrote, 'In the environs of Van Stade's river, were the finest woods I had seen in the whole country.' Many other famous early explorers like Sparrman in 1775, Lichtenstein in 1804, La Trobe in 1816, Moodie in 1820, Backhouse in 1838 and Krauss in 1839 mention Van Stadens TOP: The summit of the Van Stadens Berg looking southwards towards River and the Van Stadens Berg in their writings. In 1838 Sir Jeffrey's Bay. The rush lily, Bobartia macrocarpa in the foreground. Photo: Charles Bunbury, who collected plants at the Cape of Good Hope Tony Oold.
    [Show full text]
  • EC108 Kouga Annual Report 2005-06
    1 ANNUAL REPORT 2005/2006 Kouga Municipality: Tel: 042 293 1111 The Municipal Manager Fax: 042 293 1114 P.O. Box 21 Email: [email protected] KOUGA LOCAL MUNICIPALITY’S ANNUAL REPORT 2005/06 2 Jeffreys Bay, 6330 [email protected] W A R D C O U N C I L L O R S WARD NAME ADDRESS TEL.NO. CELL. NO. Ward 1 B Rheeder P O Box 228 042-2980269 St Francis Bay 6312 Ward 2 R Dennis 15 Rob Street 042-2932651 083 687 7757 Jeffreys Bay 6330 Ward 3 F Cloete P O Box 59 042-2961234 082 651 2623 Jeffreys Bay 6330 Ward 4 V Stuurman P O Box 625 083 350 6022 Humansdorp 6300 Ward 5 H Coenraad 26 Hobson Street 042-2911478 083 670 7738 Humansdorp 6300 Ward 6 N Majola P O Box 1035 042-2952302 072 427 3393 Humansdorp 6300 Ward 7 E Ungerer P O Box 3 042-2931056 082 442 8710 Jeffreys Bay 6330 Ward 8 A Mabukane 33 Prina Street 042-2830563 083 6555 173 Patensie 042-2830623 6335 Ward 9 M Tshume P O Box 3 082 724 0544 Hankey 6350 Ward 10 F Lloyd P O Box 1540 084 514 3782 Thornhill 6375 KOUGA LOCAL MUNICIPALITY’S ANNUAL REPORT 2005/06 3 PR COUNCILLORS NAME ADDRESS TEL. NO. CELL. NO. J Cawood P O Box 241 042-2940025 083 516 9560 St Francis Bay 6312 H Plaatjies P O Box 448 042-2840122 072 480 8281 Hankey 6350 NAME ADDRESS TEL. NO. CELL. NO.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Pa Art B: Biodiv Versity Y Prof File
    SRK Consulting NMBM Draft Bioregional Plan – Extended Biodiversity Profile Page 1 1 Part B: Biodiversity Profile 1.1 Significance of the biodiversity within the bioregion The biodiversity of the Nelson Mandela Bay municipal area is globally siiggnificant. The area falls within both the Cape Floristic Region and the Maputaland-Pondoland-Albany Centre of Endemism, two recognised centres of diversity and endemism. Both of these areas have experienced severe transformation of natural habitat and continue to face land use pressures to the extent that they are now accepted as global biodiversity hotspots (Myers et al., 2000; Mittermeier, 2004). Biodiversity hotspots are internationally recognised as the richest and most threatenedd reservoirs of plant and animal life on earth. Endemism is a situation in which a species or other taxonomic group is restricted to a particular geographic region. A Centre of Endemism is a localised area that has a high occurrence of endemic species. A biome is a regional-scale ecosystem characterized by distinct types of vegetation, animals, and microbes that have developed under specific soil and climatic conditions. Figure 1-1: Biodiversity Hotspots of thhe World (Conservation International, 2004) The rich biological diversity of the Nelson Mandela Bay is partly attributed to the fact that it is an area of convergence of five of South Africa’s nine biomes (see Figure 1-2): the Fynbos, Subtropical Thicket, Forest, Nama Karoo, and Grassland biomes (Low & Rebelo, 1998). Such a juxtaposition of biomes within a city
    [Show full text]
  • Heritage Impact Assessment for the ESKOM THYSPUNT
    Heritage impact assessment for the ESKOM THYSPUNT TRANSMISSION LINES INTEGRATION PROJECT 400KV ELECTRICITY TRANSMISSION LINES, GRASSRIDGE TO THYSSPUNT, PORT ELIZABETH REGION, EASTERN CAPE PROVINCE Heritage Impact Assessment Grassridge-Thyspunt 400kV Lines HERITAGE IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE ESKOM THYSPUNT TRANSMISSION LINES INTEGRATION PROJECT 400KV ELECTRICITY TRANSMISSION LINES, GRASSRIDGE TO THYSSPUNT, PORT ELIZABETH REGION, EASTERN CAPE PROVINCE Report No: 2010/JvS/001 Status: Final Revision No: 0 Date: December 2010 Prepared for: SIVEST ENVIRONMENTAL DIVISION Representative: Mr P da Cruz Tel: (011) 798 0600 E-mail: [email protected] Postal Address: P O Box 2921, Rivonia, 2128 Prepared by: J van Schalkwyk (D Litt et Phil), Heritage Consultant ASAPA Registration No.: 168 Principal Investigator: Iron Age, Colonial Period, Industrial Heritage Postal Address: 62 Coetzer Avenue, Monument Park, 0181 Mobile: 076 790 6777 Fax: 012 347 7270 E-mail: [email protected] Declaration: I, J.A. van Schalkwyk, declare that I do not have any financial or personal interest in the proposed development, nor its developers or any of their subsidiaries, apart from the provision of heritage assessment and management services. J A van Schalkwyk (D Litt et Phil) Heritage Consultant December 2010 i Heritage Impact Assessment Grassridge-Thyspunt 400kV Lines EXECUTIVE SUMMARY HERITAGE IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE ESKOM THYSPUNT TRANSMISSION LINES INTEGRATION PROJECT -400KV ELECTRICITY TRANSMISSION LINES, GRASSRIDGE TO THYSSPUNT, PORT ELIZABETH REGION, EASTERN CAPE PROVINCE Eskom propose to develop a nuclear powered electricity generation facility at Thyspunt, southwest of Port Elizabeth. Some of this electricity will be fed into the national grid by means of transmission lines to the Grassridge substation, located to the northeast of Port Elizabeth.
    [Show full text]
  • NMBM Glen Hurd Road Upgrade & Baakens River Bridge
    NMBM Glen Hurd Road Upgrade & Baakens River Bridge – May 2015 NMBM Glen Hurd Road Upgrade & Baakens River Bridge VEGETATION ASSESSMENT AND SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS Prepared for: Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality P.O Box 116 Port Elizabeth 6000 Prepared by: EOH: Coastal & Environmental Services P.O. Box 934 Grahamstown, 6140 046 622 2364 South Africa Also in East London, Cape Town, Port Elizabeth, Johannesburg and Maputo www.cesnet.co.za May 2015 NMBM Glen Hurd Road Upgrade & Baakens River Bridge – May 2015 This Report should be cited as follows: EOH Coastal & Environmental Services, May 2015: NMBM Glen Hurd Road Upgrade & Baakens River Bridge: Vegetation assessment and Sensitivity Analysis, CES, Grahamstown. REVISIONS TRACKING TABLE EOH Coastal and Environmental Services Report Title: Vegetation assessment and Sensitivity Analysis Report Version: Draft Report Project Number: 226 Name Responsibility Signature Date Ayanda Zide Report Writer April 2015 Craig Sholto-Douglas Report Writer April 2015 Dr Chantel Report Reviewer May 2015 Bezuidenhout Copyright This document contains intellectual property and propriety information that are protected by copyright in favour of EOH Coastal & Environmental Services (CES) and the specialist consultants. The document may therefore not be reproduced, used or distributed to any third party without the prior written consent of CES. The document is prepared exclusively for submission to Nelson Mandela Municipality in the Republic of South Africa, and is subject to all confidentiality, copyright and trade secrets, rules intellectual property law and practices of South Africa. NMBM Glen Hurd Road Upgrade & Baakens River Bridge – May 2015 THE PROJECT TEAM Ms Ayanda Zide, Environmental Consultant and Botanical Specialist Ayanda holds a BSc in Botany, Microbiology and Chemistry and a Bsc (Hons) in Botany where her thesis focused on identifying and characterising galls and gall forming insects and associated pathogens (Fungi) on the mangrove species Avicennia marina.
    [Show full text]
  • Provincial Gazette for Eastern Cape No 3362 of 30-March-2015, Volume
    REPUBLIC REPUBLIIEK OF VAN SOUTH AFRICA SUID-AFRIKA PROVINCE OF THE EASTERN CAPE IPHONDO LEMPUMA KOLONI PROVINSIE OOS-KAAP Provincial Gazette Igazethi Yephondo Provinsiale Koerant BISHO/ No. 3362 Vol. 22 3130 MARCH 2015 KING WILLIAM’S TOWN, (Extraordinary) We oil hawm he power to preftvent kllDc AIDS HEIRINE 0800 012 322 DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH Prevention is the cure N.B. The Government Printing Works will not be held responsible for the quality of “Hard Copies” or “Electronic Files” submitted for publication purposes 501128—A 3362—1 2 No. 3362 PROVINCIAL GAZETTE EXTRAORDINARY, 30 MARCH 2015 IMPORTANT NOTICE The Government Printing Works will not be held responsible for faxed documents not received due to errors on the fax machine or faxes received which are unclear or incomplete. Please be advised that an “OK” slip, received from a fax machine, will not be accepted as proof that documents were received by the GPW for printing. If documents are faxed to the GPW it will be the sender’s respon- sibility to phone and confirm that the documents were received in good order. Furthermore the Government Printing Works will also not be held responsible for cancellations and amendments which have not been done on original documents received from clients. CONTENTS • INHOUD Page Gazette No. No. No. PROVINCIAL NOTICE 13 National Environmental Management: Biodiversity Act (10/2004): Publishing of the Final Bioregional Plan for the Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality.................................................................................................................................. 3 3362 PROVINCIAL GAZETTE EXTRAORDINARY, 30 MARCH 2015 No. 3362 3 PROVINCIAL NOTICE No. 13 DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL AFFAIRS AND TOURISM PUBLISHING OF THE FINAL BIOREGIONAL PLAN FOR THE NELSON MANDELA BAY MUNICIPALITY AS PER SECTIONS 47 (2), 99 (1), 99 (2)(C), 100 (1)(a) AND 100(2).
    [Show full text]
  • Eskom Thuyspunt Nuclear 400Kv Integration Lines Eia: 1
    ESKOM THUYSPUNT NUCLEAR 400KV INTEGRATION LINES EIA: 1. REVISED NORTHERN ROUTE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT: BOTANY A BARRIE LOW SEPTEMBER 2010 coastal and environmental consultants P O Box 370 Rondebosch 7701 Tel/Fax: 021-685 5445 Cell: 082 579 7040 email: [email protected] VAT reg no: 4580173914 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY A botanical assessment of a proposed transmission line route between Thyspunt and Grassridge/Port Elizabeth was undertaken. The proposed transmission lines cross three Biomes (natural regions) and 10 vegetation types . Two and one Vulnerable, providing an indication of localised rarity in the area. Two VT's have more than 5% of their total area confined to the proposed routes, whilst several are extremely transformed and fragmented due to urbanisation, agriculture and infestation by alien vegetation. extensively and frequently burned, generally for grazing. The proposed routing needs to be amended to accommodate VT rarity and sensitivity, and to focus on those areas which are already transformed and fragmented. Impact assessment and mitigation Impact assessment in this study is influenced by the following factors: presence of rare/endemic vegetation, habitats and species, fragmentation of habitat and height of vegetation with respect to powerlines. Assessment of impacts together with mitigation measures is shown in Table 1.4. 1. Rarity and endemism HShR is Endangered (Table 1.1 and Figure 1.5 and has a fairly high fragmentation index (5.5 Table 1.2). Likewise Albany Alluvial Vegetation is Endangered, with a fragmentation index of 2.2. Tsitsikamma Sandstone Fynbos is Vulnerable (Table 1.1 and Figure 1.5), but has an extremely low fragmentation index of 0.4.
    [Show full text]
  • PHYTOPLANKTON CHLOROPHYLL a CONCENTRATION and COMMUNITY STRUCTURE of TWO TEMPORARILY OPEN/CLOSED ESTUARIES
    PHYTOPLANKTON CHLOROPHYLL a CONCENTRATION AND COMMUNITY STRUCTURE OF TWO TEMPORARILY OPEN/CLOSED ESTUARIES Report to the Water Research Commission by PT Gama, JB Adams, DM Schael, and T Skinner Department of Botany, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University PO Box 1600, Port Elizabeth 6000, South Africa WRC Report No. 1255/1/05 ISBN: 1-77005-326-3 JUNE 2005 Disclaimer This report emanates from a project financed by the Water Research Commission (WRC) and is approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views and policies of the WRC or the members of the project steering committee, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1.1 BACKGROUND AND OVERVIEW OF THE PROJECT This project investigated phytoplankton chlorophyll a (chl-a) concentration and community composition along a spatio-temporal scale in two temporarily open/closed estuaries (TOCE’s). Primary productivity measurements were also made seasonally over a one year period. In South Africa, TOCE’s make up nearly two thirds of the estuaries along the length of the coastline, however little is known regarding benthic and planktonic microalgal composition and trophic function. There is a lack of knowledge on the importance and role of various phytoplankton size fractions in microalgal production and on community structure under different mouth conditions. This work addressed the gaps in our knowledge of phytoplankton temporal and spatial dynamics in temporarily open/closed estuaries. 1.2 STUDY SITE The Maitland and Van Stadens estuaries were selected as study sites with the aim of determining whether their close proximities would present similar phytoplankton responses to changes in river inflow and mouth condition.
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix 4: Kouga Local Municipality
    Appendix 4: Kouga Local Municipality Overview of the coastal zone The Kouga Local Municipality (LM) coastal zone extends from east of the Tsitsikamma River mouth to the western side of the Van Stadens River mouth. For the purposes of this Coastal Management Programme (CMPr), the coastal zone has been divided into 8 management segments (2A to 2H) (see Figure 14). The ‘catchment area’ of the segments is also shown in the image, as activities within the catchment have bearing on what happens at the coast (for e.g. poor waste management in the catchment may impact on the coastal zone). A broad description of the key features of the Kouga LM coastal zone is given below, for each of the 3 priority areas. Natural, archaeological and cultural diversity and resource management Seven warm temperate estuaries occur in the Kouga LM (Klipdrift, Slang, Kromme, Seekoei, and ‘unknown’ estuary to the east of the Seekoei, Kabeljous, and Gamtoos). An additional two estuaries are shared with the Koukamma and Nelson Mandela Bay Municipal areas (i.e. Tsitsikamma and Van Stadens estuaries respectively). The area between Tsitsikamma and Cape St Francis and a section between the Gamtoos and Van Stadens River areas is part of the Tsitsikamma Strategic Surface Water Area (SWSA). The coastal zone is classified as a ‘major aquifer’ – these areas are high-yielding system of good water quality (DWS, 2012). The Tsitsikamma, Klipdrift, Kromme, Seekoei, Swart that drains into the Seekoei, Kabeljous and Gamtoos Rivers are identified as National Freshwater Ecosystem Priority Areas (NFEPAs). Numerous wetlands occur in the coastal zone and catchment as reflected in the most recent National Biodiversity Assessment (NBA) (2018) aquatic areas layer.
    [Show full text]