DOCSLIB.ORG

Cranial Morphology of Some Oligocene Artiodactyla

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Cranial Morphology of Some Oligocene Artiodactyla Cranial Morphology of Some Oligocene / Artiodactyla GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 243-H Cranial Morphology of Some Oligocene Artiodactyla By FRANK C. WHITMORE, JR. SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY 1952, PAGES 117-160 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 243-H UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1953 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Douglas McKay, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY W. E. Wrather, Director For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office Washington 25, D. C. - Price 35 cents (paper cover) CONTENTS Page Cranial morphology of some Oligocene Artiodactyla—Con. Page Abstract_--_-------___________-__________________ 117 Cranial morphology of Poebrotherium—Continued Introduction _______________________________________ 117 Circulatory system of the skull—Continued Acknowledgments_ ____________________________ 117 Veins and venous sinuses____----___---_- 147 Cranial morphology of some Oligocene Artiodactyla____- 118 Dorsal sinus system_______-___-_-.__ 147 Cranial morphology of Merycoidodon ______________ 118 Basilar sinus system——____________ 147 Bones of the skull___.__________________ 118 Sinus venosus ossis sphenoidalis- _ 147 Occipital.__________________________ 118 Nerves of the skull region.— ____-----------_ 147 Basisphenoid_ ________________________ 120 Cranial morphology of Leptomeryx. _______________ 148 Alisphenoid_ __________________________ 123 Bones of the skull_________________________ 148 Presphenoid_ _________________________ 123 Tympanic region____________--_------_--_-- 149 Orbitosphenoid— _ ______________________ 124 Pars petrosa of the periotic bone_____.__._ 149 Ethmoid and turbinals________________ 124 Middle ear and surrounding structures 150- Vomer__________________________ 126 External auditory meatus— _____________ 150 Preinterparietal and interparietal— _______ 126 Pars mastoidea of the periotic bone.______ 150 Parietal.. ______________________ 126 Pneumatic sinuses__________________________ 150 Frontal—_____________________ 126 Circulatory system of the skull____---____-_-- 150 SquamosaL ____________________________ 127 Arteries ______________-____---___------ 150 Tympanic region. __________________________ 131 Veins____________________---___----__ 151 Pars petrosa of the periotic bone________ 131 Dorsal sinus system_________________ 151 Middle ear and surrounding structures- - _ _ 132 Basilar sinus system———____________ 151 External auditory meatus______________ 135 Sinus venosus ossis sphenoidalis-_____ 151 Pars mastoidea of the periotic bone _______ 135 Morphological conclusions______-_____---_---_----_-- 151 Pneumatic sinuses__________________________ 136 Bones of the skull_____________________________ 151 Circulatory system of the skull-______________ 137 Primitive characteristics_____________________ 151 Arteries _______________________________ 137 Characteristics of doubtful significance__ ______ 151 152 Veins and venous sinuses._______________ 138 Tympanic region. ______________________________ Primitive characteristics_____________________ 152 Dorsal sinus system_________________ 138 Characteristics of doubtful significance. _______ 152 Basilar sinus system_______________ 139 Pneumatic sinuses._____________________________ 152 Subsphenoid veins and sinus venosus Primitive characteristics.____________________ 152 ossis sphenoidalis_________________ 140 Arteries.-________--_____-----_--------------_- 152 Nerves of the skull region__________________ 141 Primitive characteristics _____________________ 152 Cranial morphology of Poebrotherium______________ 141 Veins and venous sinuses--__-_--_-------_------- 153 Bones of the skull_________________________ 141 Primitive characteristics.____________________ 153 Tympanic region.__________________________ 144 Anatomical peculiarities indicating habits, evolution­ Pars petrosa of the periotic bone________ 144 ary trends, relationships.---------------------- 153 154 Middle ear and surrounding structures. _ _ _ 145 Phylogenetic conclusions___________________________ Tylopoda._______________________-_--_--__--- 154 External auditory meatus______________ 146 Mery coidodontidae. _____________ _______________ 154 Pars mastoidea of the periotic bone _______ 146 Leptomerycinae. ______________---___-----_----_ 155 Pneumatic sinuses__________________________ 146 Summary of phylogenetic conclusions _____________ 155 Circulatory system of the skull— _____________ 147 Selected bibliography.-________-_---_---------_-----_ 155 Arteries.,_____________________________ 147 Index.______________________---___------_--_-----_ 159 ILLUSTRATIONS Page FIGURE 14. Merycoidodon culbertsonii. Lateral view of skull__-____________________-_---_____---_-_- 118 15. M. culbertsonii. Ventral view of basis cranii.__________________________________________ 119 16. M. culbertsonii. Internal view of basis cranii, from above________________-_-___-__------ 120 17. M. culbertsonii. Ventral view of basis cranii, with restoration of blood vessels..____________ 121 18. Frontal sections of the skulls of M. culbertsonii and Dicotyles labiatus... ______-_____--__-_- 124 19. M. culbertsonii. Thick section of skull, viewed posteriorly into cerebellar fossa.____________ 128 20. M. culbertsonii. Thick section of skull in region of auditory bulla___________.______--_--- 128 21. M. culbertsonii. Thick section of skull at level of post-glenoid processes._._________---_--- 129 22. M. culbertsonii. Thick section of skull, looking anteriorly into olfactory lobes_______--__-_- 129 23. M. culbertsonii. Thick section of skull, looking anteriorly through nasal cavity___________ 130 24. M. culbertsonii. Same as figure 1, with nasal cavity and pneumatic sinuses outlined.. ______- 136 25. Poebrotherium wilsoni. Lateral view of skull____________________-___-_____-_______-_--- 141 26. P. wilsoni. Ventral view of basis cranii.______________________________________________ 142 27. P. wilsoni. Thick section of skull, looking posteriorly from level of vagina processus hyoidei. 143 28. P. wilsoni. Thick section of skull, looking anteriorly into olfactory lobes__________________ 145 29. Leptomeryx evansi. Lateral view of skull_________________________-__-_-______-___-_-_- 148 30. L. evansi. Ventral view of basis cranii______________________________._________________ 149 31. L. evansi. Thick section of skull, looking anteriorly from region of bulla._____-___-__-_-__- 140 CRANIAL MORPHOLOGY OF SOME OLIGOCENE ARTIODACTYLA By FRANK C. WHITMOKB, JR. ABSTRACT eminence on the posterior side of the bone which selves A study of the cranial morphology of three Oligocene Artio- as a muscle attachment in some mammals. The second dactyla (Merycoidodon, Poebrotherium, and Leptomeryx), and even more useful criterion is the presence upon the based largely on serial sections, reveals many cranial charac­ astragalus of a distal roller surface (for articulation teristics found only in the most primitive Recent mammals. with the navicular and cuboid bones) in addition tc the The Oligocene genera had several cranial veins which indicate that these artiodactyls were not far removed from a primitive proximal roller surface present in other mammals. insectivore-like ancestor. They had a well-developed internal Many years of study by zoologists have clarified the carotid artery in contrast to the Recent Artiodactyla, very few relationships among the many living artiodactyl of which retain this structure. The cranial circulation pattern groups, diverse as they are; but paleontology har re­ of the Oligocene forms shows an evolutionary tendency in the vealed a tangle of problems in the many extinct artio­ Artiodactyla to abandon endocranial for extra-cranial paths. Other primitive characteristics are the lateral partitions of dactyl genera. The relationships of the extinct the pituitary fossa (representing the primitive side wall of the genera with each other and with modern types are often skull) and large temporal venous sinus in Merycoidodon, and only a matter of conjecture; their ancestry is unknown. the simple pneumatic sinus system in all three genera. Therefore many uncertainties exist concerning the The selenodont Artiodactyla exhibit an evolutioaary trend stratigraphic and paleoecologic significance of many toward the amastoid skull pattern now found only in bunodont families. extinct genera and species. Their morphology if, of The subarcuate fossa of the pars petrosa of the periotic bone course, less well known than that of the modern Artio­ in the Tylopoda has a peculiar shape, constant in the suborder dactyla. It is the purpose of this study to examir e in and differing from the condition in other selenodont Artio­ detail the cranial anatomy of some of these extinct dactyla. This is added evidence that the Tylopoda must have genera, because endocranial characteristics are p^ob- separated from other artiodactyl lines of evolution no later than the middle Eocene. The simpler subarcuate fossa of Merycoido­ ably nonadaptive, that is, unlikely to be influenced by don and Leptomeryx indicates their alliaace with the suborder the environment, and therefore useful in determining Pecora. the taxonomic position of groups of animals. On the basis of cranial structure, the family Hypertragulidae These studies were made with the aid of serial sections, is divided into the subfamilies Hypertragulinae and Leptomery- a technique used by several workers in the study of cinae, both of which existed from the early Oligocene through the early Miocene. fossil skulls (Darrah, 1936;
Load more

Recommended publications
  • JVP 26(3) September 2006—ABSTRACTS
    Neoceti Symposium, Saturday 8:45 acid-prepared osteolepiforms Medoevia and Gogonasus has offered strong support for BODY SIZE AND CRYPTIC TROPHIC SEPARATION OF GENERALIZED Jarvik’s interpretation, but Eusthenopteron itself has not been reexamined in detail. PIERCE-FEEDING CETACEANS: THE ROLE OF FEEDING DIVERSITY DUR- Uncertainty has persisted about the relationship between the large endoskeletal “fenestra ING THE RISE OF THE NEOCETI endochoanalis” and the apparently much smaller choana, and about the occlusion of upper ADAM, Peter, Univ. of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; JETT, Kristin, Univ. of and lower jaw fangs relative to the choana. California, Davis, Davis, CA; OLSON, Joshua, Univ. of California, Los Angeles, Los A CT scan investigation of a large skull of Eusthenopteron, carried out in collaboration Angeles, CA with University of Texas and Parc de Miguasha, offers an opportunity to image and digital- Marine mammals with homodont dentition and relatively little specialization of the feeding ly “dissect” a complete three-dimensional snout region. We find that a choana is indeed apparatus are often categorized as generalist eaters of squid and fish. However, analyses of present, somewhat narrower but otherwise similar to that described by Jarvik. It does not many modern ecosystems reveal the importance of body size in determining trophic parti- receive the anterior coronoid fang, which bites mesial to the edge of the dermopalatine and tioning and diversity among predators. We established relationships between body sizes of is received by a pit in that bone. The fenestra endochoanalis is partly floored by the vomer extant cetaceans and their prey in order to infer prey size and potential trophic separation of and the dermopalatine, restricting the choana to the lateral part of the fenestra.
    [Show full text]
  • The World at the Time of Messel: Conference Volume
    T. Lehmann & S.F.K. Schaal (eds) The World at the Time of Messel - Conference Volume Time at the The World The World at the Time of Messel: Puzzles in Palaeobiology, Palaeoenvironment and the History of Early Primates 22nd International Senckenberg Conference 2011 Frankfurt am Main, 15th - 19th November 2011 ISBN 978-3-929907-86-5 Conference Volume SENCKENBERG Gesellschaft für Naturforschung THOMAS LEHMANN & STEPHAN F.K. SCHAAL (eds) The World at the Time of Messel: Puzzles in Palaeobiology, Palaeoenvironment, and the History of Early Primates 22nd International Senckenberg Conference Frankfurt am Main, 15th – 19th November 2011 Conference Volume Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung IMPRINT The World at the Time of Messel: Puzzles in Palaeobiology, Palaeoenvironment, and the History of Early Primates 22nd International Senckenberg Conference 15th – 19th November 2011, Frankfurt am Main, Germany Conference Volume Publisher PROF. DR. DR. H.C. VOLKER MOSBRUGGER Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany Editors DR. THOMAS LEHMANN & DR. STEPHAN F.K. SCHAAL Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany [email protected]; [email protected] Language editors JOSEPH E.B. HOGAN & DR. KRISTER T. SMITH Layout JULIANE EBERHARDT & ANIKA VOGEL Cover Illustration EVELINE JUNQUEIRA Print Rhein-Main-Geschäftsdrucke, Hofheim-Wallau, Germany Citation LEHMANN, T. & SCHAAL, S.F.K. (eds) (2011). The World at the Time of Messel: Puzzles in Palaeobiology, Palaeoenvironment, and the History of Early Primates. 22nd International Senckenberg Conference. 15th – 19th November 2011, Frankfurt am Main. Conference Volume. Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Frankfurt am Main. pp. 203.
    [Show full text]
  • The Ossicular Chain of Cainotheriidae (Mammalia, Artiodactyla)
    Dataset 3D models related to the publication: The ossicular chain of Cainotheriidae (Mammalia, Artiodactyla) Assemat Alexandre1, Mourlam Mickael¨ 1, Orliac Maeva¨ J1* 1Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution´ de Montpellier (UMR 5554, CNRS, UM, IRD, EPHE), c.c. 064, Universite´ de Montpellier, place Eugene` Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France *Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract This contribution includes the 3D models of the reconstructed ossicular chain of the cainotheriid Caenomeryx filholi from the late Oligocene locality of Pech Desse (MP28, Quercy, France) described and figured in the publication of Assemat et al. (2020). It represents the oldest ossicular chain reconstruction for a Paleogene terrestrial artiodactyl species. Keywords: Caenomeryx, incus, Late Oligocene, malleus, Stapes Submitted:2020-03-09, published online:2020-04-08. https://doi.org/10.18563/journal.m3.110 INTRODUCTION Model IDs Taxon Description UMPDS3353 Caenomeryx filholi middle ear with The 3D models presented here represent the first reconstruction petrosal, bulla, of a Paleogene terrestrial artiodactyl ossicular chain (see table stapes, incus, 1 and fig.1). It is based on ossicles preserved in the middle malleus ear cavity of the basicranium UM PDS 3353 from Pech Desse Table 1. Model. Collection: University of Montpellier. (MP 28, Quercy) referred to the cainotheriid Caenomeryx fil- holi. Cainotheriidae are an extinct family of small European en- Desse exceptionally preserves a complete set of ossicles: the demic artiodactyls (even-toed ungulates) documented between malleus and the stapes are preserved within the left bullar space, the Late Eocene and the Middle Miocene in Western Europe while the malleus and the incus are preserved on the right side.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 1 - Introduction
    EURASIAN MIDDLE AND LATE MIOCENE HOMINOID PALEOBIOGEOGRAPHY AND THE GEOGRAPHIC ORIGINS OF THE HOMININAE by Mariam C. Nargolwalla A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Department of Anthropology University of Toronto © Copyright by M. Nargolwalla (2009) Eurasian Middle and Late Miocene Hominoid Paleobiogeography and the Geographic Origins of the Homininae Mariam C. Nargolwalla Doctor of Philosophy Department of Anthropology University of Toronto 2009 Abstract The origin and diversification of great apes and humans is among the most researched and debated series of events in the evolutionary history of the Primates. A fundamental part of understanding these events involves reconstructing paleoenvironmental and paleogeographic patterns in the Eurasian Miocene; a time period and geographic expanse rich in evidence of lineage origins and dispersals of numerous mammalian lineages, including apes. Traditionally, the geographic origin of the African ape and human lineage is considered to have occurred in Africa, however, an alternative hypothesis favouring a Eurasian origin has been proposed. This hypothesis suggests that that after an initial dispersal from Africa to Eurasia at ~17Ma and subsequent radiation from Spain to China, fossil apes disperse back to Africa at least once and found the African ape and human lineage in the late Miocene. The purpose of this study is to test the Eurasian origin hypothesis through the analysis of spatial and temporal patterns of distribution, in situ evolution, interprovincial and intercontinental dispersals of Eurasian terrestrial mammals in response to environmental factors. Using the NOW and Paleobiology databases, together with data collected through survey and excavation of middle and late Miocene vertebrate localities in Hungary and Romania, taphonomic bias and sampling completeness of Eurasian faunas are assessed.
    [Show full text]
  • 71St Annual Meeting Society of Vertebrate Paleontology Paris Las Vegas Las Vegas, Nevada, USA November 2 – 5, 2011 SESSION CONCURRENT SESSION CONCURRENT
    ISSN 1937-2809 online Journal of Supplement to the November 2011 Vertebrate Paleontology Vertebrate Society of Vertebrate Paleontology Society of Vertebrate 71st Annual Meeting Paleontology Society of Vertebrate Las Vegas Paris Nevada, USA Las Vegas, November 2 – 5, 2011 Program and Abstracts Society of Vertebrate Paleontology 71st Annual Meeting Program and Abstracts COMMITTEE MEETING ROOM POSTER SESSION/ CONCURRENT CONCURRENT SESSION EXHIBITS SESSION COMMITTEE MEETING ROOMS AUCTION EVENT REGISTRATION, CONCURRENT MERCHANDISE SESSION LOUNGE, EDUCATION & OUTREACH SPEAKER READY COMMITTEE MEETING POSTER SESSION ROOM ROOM SOCIETY OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS SEVENTY-FIRST ANNUAL MEETING PARIS LAS VEGAS HOTEL LAS VEGAS, NV, USA NOVEMBER 2–5, 2011 HOST COMMITTEE Stephen Rowland, Co-Chair; Aubrey Bonde, Co-Chair; Joshua Bonde; David Elliott; Lee Hall; Jerry Harris; Andrew Milner; Eric Roberts EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE Philip Currie, President; Blaire Van Valkenburgh, Past President; Catherine Forster, Vice President; Christopher Bell, Secretary; Ted Vlamis, Treasurer; Julia Clarke, Member at Large; Kristina Curry Rogers, Member at Large; Lars Werdelin, Member at Large SYMPOSIUM CONVENORS Roger B.J. Benson, Richard J. Butler, Nadia B. Fröbisch, Hans C.E. Larsson, Mark A. Loewen, Philip D. Mannion, Jim I. Mead, Eric M. Roberts, Scott D. Sampson, Eric D. Scott, Kathleen Springer PROGRAM COMMITTEE Jonathan Bloch, Co-Chair; Anjali Goswami, Co-Chair; Jason Anderson; Paul Barrett; Brian Beatty; Kerin Claeson; Kristina Curry Rogers; Ted Daeschler; David Evans; David Fox; Nadia B. Fröbisch; Christian Kammerer; Johannes Müller; Emily Rayfield; William Sanders; Bruce Shockey; Mary Silcox; Michelle Stocker; Rebecca Terry November 2011—PROGRAM AND ABSTRACTS 1 Members and Friends of the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, The Host Committee cordially welcomes you to the 71st Annual Meeting of the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology in Las Vegas.
    [Show full text]
  • GEOL 204 the Fossil Record Spring 2020 Section 0109 Luke Buczynski, Eamon, Doolan, Emmy Hudak, and Shutian Wang
    ENTELODONT: The Hellacious Pigs of the Cenozoic GEOL 204 The Fossil Record Spring 2020 Section 0109 Luke Buczynski, Eamon, Doolan, Emmy Hudak, and Shutian Wang Entelodont Overview: From the family Entelodontidae, these omnivorous mammals had a wide geographic variety, as seen in image B. They first inhabited Mongolia then spread into Eurasia and North America, while in North America they preferred flood plains and woodlands. Entelodont were fairly aggressive and would fight with their own kind, using their strong jaws and large heads. They survived from the middle of Eocene to the middle of Miocene. Size and Diet: Skull Features: Figure D shows one of the largest Entelodont, Daedon, compared to an As seen on Figure C, the skull of the Entelodont is massive. They all 1.8 meter tall human, illustrating how immense they really were. contained large Neural Spines, most likely to hold up their huge head, Entelodont weighed from 150 kg on the small size, up to 900 kg (330 to which in turn created a hump. Entelodont contained a pretty small 2,000 pounds) and 1 to 2 meters in height. They had teeth that made them brain, but large olfactory lobes, giving them an acute sense of smell. capable of consuming meat, but the overall structure and wear on the the They held sturdy canines, long incisors, sharp serrated premolars, and suggest the consumption of plant matter as well. Although these large blunt square molars (a sign of omnivory), all of which were covered in a animals might not look it, their limbs were fully terrestrial and adept for very thick layer of enamel.
    [Show full text]
  • Issn: 2250-0588 Fossil Mammals
    IJREISS Volume 2, Issue 8 (August 2012) ISSN: 2250-0588 FOSSIL MAMMALS (RHINOCEROTIDS, GIRAFFIDS, BOVIDS) FROM THE MIOCENE ROCKS OF DHOK BUN AMEER KHATOON, DISTRICT CHAKWAL, PUNJAB, PAKISTAN 1Khizar Samiullah* 1Muhammad Akhtar, 2Muhammad A. Khan and 3Abdul Ghaffar 1Zoology department, Quaid-e-Azam campus, Punjab University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan 2Zoology Department, GC University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan 3Department of Meteorology, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (CIIT), Islamabad ABSTRACT Fossil site Dhok Bun Ameer Khatoon (32o 47' 26.4" N, 72° 55' 35.7" E) yielded a significant amount of mammalian assemblage including two families of even-toed fossil mammal (Giraffidae, and Bovidae) and one family of odd-toed (Rhinocerotidae) of the Late Miocene (Samiullah, 2011). This newly discovered site has well exposed Chinji and Nagri formation and has dated approximately 14.2-9.5 Ma. This age agrees with the divergence of different mammalian genera. Sedimentological evidence of the site supports that this is deposited in locustrine or fluvial environment, as Chinji formation is composed primarily of mud-stone while the Nagri formation is sand dominated. Palaeoenvironmental data indicates that Miocene climate of Pakistan was probably be monsoonal as there is now a days. Mostly the genera recovered from this site resemble with the overlying younger Dhok Pathan formation of the Siwaliks while the size variation in dentition is taxonomically important for vertebrate evolutionary point of view and this is the main reason to conduct this study at this specific site to add additional information in the field of Palaeontology. A detailed study of fossils mammals found in Miocene rocks exposed at Dhok Bun Ameer Khatoon was carried out.
    [Show full text]
  • Species Were Accidentally Lost,But Future Shipments Will Probably
    59.9(728) Article XXXIV.- MAMMALS FROM NICARAGUA. BY J. A. ALLEN. During the last two years the Museum has received several collections of birds and mammals from Nicaragua, made by Mr. William B. Richardson, who for many years was in the employ of Messrs. Salvin and Godman as an ornithological collector in Mexico and Central America. The mammals thus far received comprise about 400 specimens, representing nearly 60 species, of which about one-fourth appear to be undescribed. This is perhaps not surprising, in view of the fact that very few mammals have been previously received from Nicaragua. The most important of Mr. Richardson's discoveries are a new and very distinct species of Bassaricyon, and a new species of spiney rat, allied to the Ecuadorian Echimys gymnurus Thomas, and representing a hitherto unrecognized genus. The collection contains also several other species which are quite differentt from any previously known. Mr. Richardson's collecting trips have covered a wide extent of country. From his home at Matagalpa, in the central part of Nicaragua, he visited the highlands to the northward and northwestward, and also the Pacific coast; eastward his explorations extended from Lake Nicaragua to the vicinity of the Atlantic coast. The principal points at which collections were made are as follows: Matagalpa, altitude about 3000 feet. San Rafael del Norte, altitude about 5000 feet. Ocotal, altitude about 4500 feet. Chinandega, on the Pacific slope, about 700 feet. Chontales, lowlands east of Lake Nicaragua, altitude about 500 to 1000 feet. Tuma and Lavala, east of Matagalpa, on the Atlantic slope, below 1000 feet.
    [Show full text]
  • MALE GENITAL ORGANS and ACCESSORY GLANDS of the LESSER MOUSE DEER, TRAGULUS Fa VAN/CUS
    MALE GENITAL ORGANS AND ACCESSORY GLANDS OF THE LESSER MOUSE DEER, TRAGULUS fA VAN/CUS M. K. VIDYADARAN, R. S. K. SHARMA, S. SUMITA, I. ZULKIFLI, AND A. RAZEEM-MAZLAN Faculty of Biomedical and Health Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia (MKV), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia (RSKS, SS, /Z), Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/jmammal/article/80/1/199/844673 by guest on 01 October 2021 Department of Wildlife and National Parks, Zoo Melaka, 75450 Melaka, Malaysia (ARM) Gross anatomical features of the male genital organs and accessory genital glands of the lesser mouse deer (Tragulus javanicus) are described. The long fibroelastic penis lacks a prominent glans and is coiled at its free end to form two and one-half turns. Near the tight coils of the penis, on the right ventrolateral aspect, lies a V-shaped ventral process. The scrotum is prominent, unpigmented, and devoid of hair and is attached close to the body, high in the perineal region. The ovoid, obliquely oriented testes carry a large cauda and caput epididymis. Accessory genital glands consist of paired, lobulated, club-shaped vesic­ ular glands, and a pair of ovoid bulbourethral glands. A well-defined prostate gland was not observed on the surface of the pelvic urethra. Many features of the male genital organs of T. javanicus are pleisomorphic, being retained from suiod ancestors of the Artiodactyla. Key words: Tragulus javanicus, male genital organs, accessory genital glands, reproduc­ tion, anatomy, Malaysia The lesser mouse deer (Tragulus javan­ gulidae, and Bovidae (Webb and Taylor, icus), although a ruminant, possesses cer­ 1980).
    [Show full text]
  • SMC 11 Gill 1.Pdf
    SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS. 230 ARRANGEMENT FAMILIES OF MAMMALS. WITH ANALYTICAL TABLES. PREPARED FOR THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION. BY THEODORE GILL, M.D., Ph.D. WASHINGTON: PUBLISHED BY THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION. NOVEMBER, 1872. ADVERTISEMENT. The following list of families of Mammals, with analytical tables, has been prepared by Dr. Theodore Gill, at the request of the Smithsonian Institution, to serve as a basis for the arrangement of the collection of Mammals in the National Museum ; and as frequent applications for such a list have been received by the Institution, it has been thought advisable to publish it for more extended use. In provisionally adopting this system for the purpose mentioned, the Institution, in accordance with its custom, disclaims all responsibility for any of the hypothetical views upon which it may be based. JOSEPH HENRY, Secretary, S. I. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, October, 1872. (iii) CONTENTS. I. List of Families* (including references to synoptical tables) 1-27 Sub-Class (Eutheria) Placentalia s. Monodelpbia (1-121) 1, Super-Order Educabilia (1-73) Order 1. Primates (1-8) Sub-Order Anthropoidea (1-5) " Prosimiae (6-8) Order 2. Ferae (9-27) Sub-Order Fissipedia (9-24) . " Pinnipedia (25-27) Order 3. Ungulata (28-54) Sub-Order Artiodactyli (28-45) " Perissodactyli (46-54) Order 4. Toxodontia (55-56) . Order 5. Hyracoidea (57) Order 6. Proboscidea (58-59) Diverging (Educabilian) series. Order 7. Sirenia' (60-63) Order 8. Cete (64-73) . Sub-Order Zeuglodontia (64-65) " Denticete (66-71) . Mysticete (72-73) . Super-Order Ineducabilia (74-121) Order 9. Chiroptera (74-82) . Sub-Order Aniinalivora (74-81) " Frugivora (82) Order 10.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogenetic Relationships and Evolutionary History of the Dental Pattern of Cainotheriidae
    Palaeontologia Electronica palaeo-electronica.org A new Cainotherioidea (Mammalia, Artiodactyla) from Palembert (Quercy, SW France): Phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary history of the dental pattern of Cainotheriidae Romain Weppe, Cécile Blondel, Monique Vianey-Liaud, Thierry Pélissié, and Maëva Judith Orliac ABSTRACT Cainotheriidae are small artiodactyls restricted to Western Europe deposits from the late Eocene to the middle Miocene. From their first occurrence in the fossil record, cainotheriids show a highly derived molar morphology compared to other endemic European artiodactyls, called the “Cainotherium plan”, and the modalities of the emer- gence of this family are still poorly understood. Cainotherioid dental material from the Quercy area (Palembert, France; MP18-MP19) is described in this work and referred to Oxacron courtoisii and to a new “cainotherioid” species. The latter shows an intermedi- ate morphology between the “robiacinid” and the “derived cainotheriid” types. This allows for a better understanding of the evolution of the dental pattern of cainotheriids, and identifies the enlargement and lingual migration of the paraconule of the upper molars as a key driver. A phylogenetic analysis, based on dental characters, retrieves the new taxon as the sister group to the clade including Cainotheriinae and Oxacron- inae. The new taxon represents the earliest offshoot of Cainotheriidae. Romain Weppe. Institut des Sciences de l’Évolution de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France. [email protected] Cécile Blondel. Laboratoire Paléontologie Évolution Paléoécosystèmes Paléoprimatologie: UMR 7262, Bât. B35 TSA 51106, 6 rue M. Brunet, 86073 Poitiers Cedex 9, France. [email protected] Monique Vianey-Liaud.
    [Show full text]
  • Agate Fossil Beds
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln U.S. National Park Service Publications and Papers National Park Service 1980 Agate Fossil Beds Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/natlpark "Agate Fossil Beds" (1980). U.S. National Park Service Publications and Papers. 160. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/natlpark/160 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the National Park Service at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in U.S. National Park Service Publications and Papers by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Agate Fossil Beds cap. tfs*Af Clemson Universit A *?* jfcti *JpRPP* - - - . Agate Fossil Beds Agate Fossil Beds National Monument Nebraska Produced by the Division of Publications National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Washington, D.C. 1980 — — The National Park Handbook Series National Park Handbooks, compact introductions to the great natural and historic places adminis- tered by the National Park Service, are designed to promote understanding and enjoyment of the parks. Each is intended to be informative reading and a useful guide before, during, and after a park visit. More than 100 titles are in print. This is Handbook 107. You may purchase the handbooks through the mail by writing to Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC 20402. About This Book What was life like in North America 21 million years ago? Agate Fossil Beds provides a glimpse of that time, long before the arrival of man, when now-extinct creatures roamed the land which we know today as Nebraska.
    [Show full text]