Bulletin of Fish Biology Volume 19 15.06.2020 1-25 Changes of water temperature caused by deforestation are of major concern for the future of many species of Apistogramma (Regan, 1913) (Teleostei, Perciformes, Cichlidae, Geophaginae) Veränderungen der Wassertemperatur durch Entwaldung sind für die Zukunft vieler Apistogramma-Arten (Regan, 1913) (Teleostei; Perciformes; Cichlidae; Geophaginae) von großer Bedeutung Joscha Beninde1,2*, Uwe Römer1,3,4*, Antonia Vela Diaz1,5 & Fabrice Duponchelle1,5,6 1 Laboratoire Mixte International – Evolution et Domestication de l’Ichtyofaune Amazonienne (LMI – EDIA), 44, boulevard de Dunkerque, CS 90009, F-13752 Marseille cedex 02, France 2 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, La Kretz Center for California Conservation Science, and Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California, Los Angeles, USA 3University of Trier, Institute for Biogeography, Department of Geo-Sciences, Universitätsstraße D-54286 Trier, Germany 4 Österwieher Straße 196, D-33415 Verl, Germany 5 Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonia Peruana (IIAP), km 2.5, Avenida Abelardo Quiñones, Iquitos, Perú 6 Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR MARBEC (Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD), Montpellier, France *Corresponding authors:
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[email protected] Summary: The Iquitos Paleoarch is decisive for the restricted distribution of many Apistogramma species in the region. Distinguishing it from large parts of the Amazonian basin, only few seasonal rhythmic inundations trigger frequent isolation events and create a setting favourable for diversifi cation and speciation. Iquitos, probably the fastest expanding city in Amazonia, is located within the Iquitos Paleoarch. Here local resource harvesting frequently leads to small-scale deforestation.