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Asmaa Al Mohannadi OGS Approved Thesis QATAR UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING THE SPATIAL CULTURE OF TRADITIONAL AND CONTEMPORARY HOUSING IN QATAR: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS BASED ON SPACE SYNTAX BY ASMAA SALEH M AL-MATWI AL-MOHANNADI A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the College of Engineering in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Masters of Science in Urban Planning and Design January 2019 © 2019. Asmaa Saleh M Al-Matwi Al-Mohannadi. All Rights Reserved. COMMITTEE PAGE The members of the Committee approve the Thesis of Asmaa Saleh M AL-Matwi AL-Mohannadi defended on 22nd of November 2018 Professor Kasper Oosterhuis Chair, Thesis/Dissertation Committee Dr. Raffaello Furlan Supervisor, Committee Member Dr. Mark David Major Supervisor, Committee Member Professor Neil Sipe External Examiner Dr. Madhavi Indraganti Internal Examiner Approved: Abdel Magid Hamouda, Dean, College of Engineering ii ABSTRACT AL-MOHANNADI, ASMAA, S. Masters : January : 2019 :, Masters of Science in Urban Planning and Design Title: The Spatial Culture of Traditional and Contemporary Housing in Qatar. A Comparative Analysis based on Space Syntax Supervisor of Thesis: Raffaello Furlan and Mark D. Major. Residential architecture is the product of various influential factors that directly relate to the needs and wants of the occupants, subjecting residential architecture to transformation on an urban scale. In the context of the State of Qatar, the forces of globalization have affected socio-cultural factors, and this change is reflected in the spatial form of Qatari houses during rapid urbanization over the previous decades. The contemporary construction of housing tends to reflect the requirements of a global market instead of local architectural identity. Thus, a comparative assessment is established to contemplate the housing transformation in Qatar over the history of its urban development. A comparative investigation of spatial form in traditional and contemporary Qatari houses can provide useful insights into the embedded socio-cultural patterns influencing the development of housing in Qatar ever since the discovery of oil in the 1930s-50s. This research study uses space syntax analysis, supported by other simulation and visualization techniques, to examine these socio-cultural patterns in a selected sample of traditional and contemporary Qatari houses. Despite changes over time and across different eras, the study reveals that specific factors such as (1) privacy, (2) gender segregation and (3) hospitality tend to determine the spatial form of both vernacular and modern models of Qatari housing. The study concludes that these findings can help positively contribute towards the development of a distinctive architectural identity based on iii social sustainability and tradition for the urban regeneration of the built environment. Such efforts are directed toward fulfilling the future urban strategies defined by Qatar National Vision 2030 and Qatar National Development Framework that seek to guide the development process of the country to a sustainable path for achieving a balanced growth model between locality and globalization. iv نبذة مختصرة العنوان: اﻵثار اﻻجتماعية والثقافية في تشكيل المسكن التقليدي والمعاصر في دولة قطر: دراسة مقا ِرنة و ْفق المنطق اﻻجتماعي للفراغات الحضرية (Space Syntax) تُعد العمارة السكنية نِتاجاً للعديد من العوامل المتأثرة باحتياجات السكان ورغباتهم، والتي تُسهم في تح ّول النطاق العمراني العام ﻻرتباطها بالمكون اﻻجتماعي ذي التأثير الواضح في عملية التط ّور والتغيّر في البناء والعمارة. خﻻل العقود القليلة الماضية، طرأ ْت على البيئة العمرانية لدولة قطر تغيّرا ٌت كبيرة بسبب العولمة واﻻنفتاح والنم ّو المتسارع، مما أعادَ تشكيل الهوية اﻻجتماعية والثقافية لﻷنماط السكنية في الدولة، وباﻷخص هوية البيت القطري، ممث ًﻻ الشكل اﻷكثر شيوعاً للسكن العائلي في قطر .يميل البناء المعاصر لﻹسكان في قطر إلى نقل متطلبات السوق العالمية بدﻻً من استلهام المعاني من الهوية المعمارية المحلية، وذلك يستوج ُب تحليل الوضع الحالي استناداً إلى دراسا ٍت مقارن ٍة تسمح بإعادة تقييم التح ّول اﻹسكاني في الدولة بين الماضي والحاضر، باﻹضافة لتحليل اﻷنماط الثقافية وأنماط الحياة اﻻجتماعية في تشكيل هوية البيت القطري منذ فترة ماقبل اكتشاف النفط في ثﻻثينات إلى خمسينات القرن الماضي، حتى المرحلة المعاصرة المتمثّلة في غياب الهوية واﻻحتكام إلى معايي ٍر وطرق بنا ٍء حديثة استجابةً للتض ّخم السكاني. تستند هذه الدراسة المقا ِرنة إلى نظرية المنطق اﻻجتماعي للفراغات الحضرية أو مايعرف بتركيب جملة الفضاء )Space Syntax(، باستخدام برامج المحاكاة التقنية وتصورات جرافيكية أخرى لتحليل اﻷنماط اﻻجتماعية والثقافية في عينة مختارة من المنازل القطرية التقليدية والمعاصرة. تشي ُر النتائج إلى اﻷثر الكبير لعوامل محددة مثل )1( الخصوصيّة، )2( الفصل بين الجنسين، )3( الضيافة في التركيب المكاني للبيوت القطرية بدرجا ٍت متفاوتة، والتي ﻻزال ْت ترسخ للقيم اﻻجتماعية والثقافية في تكوين المسكن القطري بالرغم من كل عوامل التغيير الحديثة التي شكلت الوجه الجديد للتصميم الحضري في الدولة. تُسهم نتائج هذه الدراسة في تحديد تو ُّجه الهوية العمرانية للمسكن القطري وفقاً لمبادئ اﻻستدامة اﻻجتماعية وتقييم مستقبل النمو الحضري للمدن والمناطق السكنية في ظل التوازن المنشود بين اﻹرث المحلي واﻻنفتاح العالمي، مما يص ٌّب في توجيه الجهود نحو تحقيق استراتيجيات النمو العمراني للدولة كما تتط ّلع إليه رؤية قطر الوطنية 2030. v STATEMENT The following papers, which are derived from the author’s master’s thesis, were published and accepted for publication: • AL-Mohannadi, A., Furlan, R. (2018), ‘The Practice of City Planning in the Gulf Region: The Case of Abu Dhabi, Doha and Manama’ , ‘International Journal of Architectural Research-ArchNet-IJAR’ , 12(2), 126- 145. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.26687/archnet-ijar.v12i2.1460 • AL-Mohannadi, A., Furlan, R. (2019), ‘Socio-Cultural Patterns in Domestic Spatial Form: A Comparative Study of Traditional and Modern Qatari Houses’, Journal of Urban Regeneration and Renewal, (Accepted for publication). • AL-Mohannadi, A., Furlan, R. (2019), ‘Transit Oriented Developments in Qatar: Towards an Integrated Urban Design Strategy for the Urban Regeneration of the Souq Waqif’, City, Territory and Architecture, (Accepted for publication). vi AKNOWLEDGMENTS Prior to kindly acknowledging the respected individuals and organizations who supported the development of this theoretical endeavour, I would like to share that the master’s journey was a lifetime experience beyond expectation. It has taught me the value of research, academic writing, discipline and planning, which are often undervalued and sometimes difficult for architects and urban designers—the creative folks—to understand. Thus, the journey has been a tough one in terms of closing the gap between theory and practice and a pleasant one in terms of process and outcome. Meanwhile, the continuous encouragement of my thoughtful, inspiring supervisor, Dr Raffaello Furlan, and co-supervisor, Dr Mark Major, made it possible to direct creative ideas and thoughts into proper theoretical channels. Our meetings were both light-hearted and rich with discussion so that we learned together and shared our experiences as a team. I would like to thank them for their valuable time and great efforts in challenging the researcher in the architect in me. Appreciation extends beyond the small team to include the whole Department of Architecture and Urban Planning - College of Engineering for being the best possible place of association in the entire institution. I would like to acknowledge the support of Qatar University for creating an environment that supports academic research. Joining the university in 2008 as an undergraduate student, graduating in 2014 as an architect, leaving briefly before returning as a research enthusiast, and now finalizing a master’s thesis in 2018 as an achiever: these milestones mark my time at an institute that appreciates human potential and devotes part of its vision to developing a nation. Many thanks go to the architecture and urban planning community in Qatar, represented by leading planners and architects from the Ministry of Administrative vii Development - Public Housing Department, Ministry of Municipality and Environment, Ashghal Public Works Authority, Msherieb Properties, Private Engineering Office, and Arab Engineering Bureau (AEB) for their collaboration, participation in meetings and dialogues and for handling relevant visual data and cardinal documents when needed. A special thanks goes to the budding career architects and colleagues, namely Al-Bandari Al-Harami, Heba Al-Gehani, Moza Al-Marri, Najeeba Kuty, Noof Al- Mutawa and Information Systems (IS) specialist Eng. Felwa Al-Senaid, for their help in collecting required architectural plans and drawings. I also cannot forget my colleagues in the master’s cohort for 2018 who have been consistently supportive during tough times and friendly all the time. Thanks to Albandari, Heba, Maryam Al- Suwaidi, Maryam Al-Faraidy and Mahmoud for representing the true essence of knowledge seekers. We worked together on outstanding projects that hopefully will be developed into real urban design schemes. Thanks to the co-author of the journal article Privacy and Gendered Spaces in Arab Gulf Homes, Dr Rana Sobh, for sharing the article. It is one of the few recent references that align with my thesis in analysing socio-cultural effects in housing. In addition, I am grateful for the editing efforts of Dr Nancy Jane Allen. Thanks to Samantha L. from Cambridge Proofreading and Editing LCC for working on the structure of the manuscript. A good journey never comes to an end. Like good design, it tends to re-evolve and re-evaluate itself with refinements and advancement. I hope that the ideas contained within this thesis
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