MILTON LOGISTICS HUB - Technical Data Report Terrestrial (Appendix E.16)
MILTON LOGISTICS HUB - Technical Data Report Terrestrial (Appendix E.16)
Prepared for: Canadian National Railway Company 935 de La Gauchetière Street W Montreal, Quebec, H3B 2M9
Prepared by: Stantec Consulting Ltd. 70 Southgate Drive, Suite 1 Guelph, Ontario, N1G 4P5
File No. 160960844 December 7, 2015
MILTON LOGISTICS HUB - TECHNICAL DATA REPORT TERRESTRIAL (APPENDIX E.16)
Table of Contents
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...... I
ABBREVIATIONS ...... III
GLOSSARY ...... V
1.0 INTRODUCTION ...... 1 1.1 PROJECT OVERVIEW ...... 1 1.2 STUDY OBJECTIVES ...... 2 1.3 OVERVIEW OF SPECIES AT RISK LEGISLATION ...... 3 1.3.1 Federal Species at Risk Act ...... 3 1.3.2 Provincial Endangered Species Act ...... 3
2.0 REGIONAL SETTING ...... 5
3.0 STUDY AND ASSESSMENT AREAS ...... 7 3.1 PROJECT DEVELOPMENT AREA ...... 7 3.2 LOCAL ASSESSMENT AREA ...... 7 3.3 REGIONAL ASSESSMENT AREA ...... 7
4.0 METHODOLOGY ...... 9 4.1 DESKTOP REVIEW AND DATA SOURCES ...... 9 4.2 FIELD SURVEYS...... 9 4.3 LAND USE AND VEGETATION COMMUNITIES ...... 12 4.3.1 Botanical Inventory ...... 12 4.4 AMPHIBIAN SURVEYS ...... 13 4.4.1 Frog and Toad Calling Surveys ...... 13 4.4.2 Salamanders ...... 13 4.5 BREEDING BIRDS SURVEYS ...... 14 4.6 TURTLE SURVEYS ...... 14 4.7 BAT SURVEYS ...... 15 4.7.1 Bat Habitat Assessment – Maternity Roosts...... 15 4.7.2 Bat Maternity Roost Surveys – Acoustic Monitoring ...... 15 4.8 SNAKE SURVEYS ...... 16
5.0 RESULTS ...... 17 5.1 BACKGROUND REVIEW ...... 17 5.1.1 Natural Heritage Features ...... 17 5.1.2 Species ...... 18 5.2 LAND USE AND VEGETATION COMMUNITIES ...... 20 5.2.1 Botanical Inventory ...... 23 5.3 AMPHIBIANS ...... 24 5.3.1 Frog and Toad Calling Surveys ...... 24 5.3.2 Salamanders ...... 29
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5.4 BREEDING BIRDS ...... 29 5.5 TURTLE SURVEYS ...... 35 5.6 BAT SURVEYS ...... 36 5.6.1 Bat Habitat Assessment ...... 36 5.6.2 Bat Acoustic Surveys ...... 37 5.7 SNAKE HABITAT ASSESSMENT AND AREA SEARCHES ...... 37
6.0 CONCLUSION ...... 39
7.0 REFERENCES ...... 41
LIST OF TABLES Table 4.1: Survey Dates, Times, and Weather – Field Surveys (AECOM and Stantec) ...... 10 Table 4.2: Bat Detector Settings ...... 16 Table 5.1: Species at Risk Potentially Found in the RAA ...... 18 Table 5.2: ELC Vegetation Communities Found in the LAA ...... 21 Table 5.3: Amphibian Calling Survey Results ...... 24 Table 5.4: Western Chorus Frog Critical Habitat Assessment ...... 27 Table 5.5: Salamander Habitat Characteristics ...... 29 Table 5.6: Breeding Bird Survey Summary ...... 30 Table 5.7: Summary of Breeding Bird Densities of 20 Most Common Species Observed in each Habitat Type, as Measured by the Point Count Surveys...... 33 Table 5.8: Turtle Survey Results ...... 35
LIST OF APPENDICES
APPENDIX A FIGURES Figure 1: Background Review Figure 2: Stantec Field Survey Locations Figure 3: Aecom Field Survey Locations Figure 4: Ecological Land Classification Figure 5: Migratory Bird and Species At Risk Habitat
APPENDIX B BOTANICAL LIST
APPENDIX C WILDLIFE LIST
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Executive Summary
Stantec Consulting Ltd. (Stantec) was retained by the Canadian National Railway Company (CN) to conduct the terrestrial and wildlife existing conditions assessment in the vicinity of the proposed Milton Logistics Hub (the Project) within the Town of Milton in the Regional Municipality of Halton, Ontario. The information contained in this report is based on assessments completed by AECOM in 2013 and by Stantec in 2014 and 2015.
The following surveys were completed:
• Ecological Land Classification (ELC) and spring/summer botanical surveys;
• Amphibian call surveys;
• Salamander egg mass surveys;
• Bat habitat assessments and acoustic surveys;
• Snake habitat assessments and area searches;
• Turtle overwintering and nesting surveys; and,
• Breeding bird surveys.
Species at Risk (SAR) observed during these surveys included Barn Swallow (Hirundo rustica), Bobolink (Dolichonyx oryzivorus), and Eastern Meadowlark (Sturnella magna), all of which are classified as threatened under the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC). These species may be added in the future to the Species at Risk Act (SARA). It is noted for information and reference purpose only that these species are also classified as threatened under the Endangered Species Act of Ontario (ESA), which is often a precursor to recognition under SARA. The Little Brown Myotis (Myotis lucifugus), which is listed as endangered under SARA and the ESA, was identified as occurring in the area. Eastern Wood-Pewee (Contopus virens) and Snapping Turtle (Chelydra serpentine), classified as special concern under COSEWIC (Eastern Wood-Pewee has not been added to the SARA schedule; Snapping Turtle is ranked special concern under SARA) and ESA were also observed in the area. The habitat locations for these species were identified and are generally restricted to the wetland, woodland, and grassland (hay/pasture/meadow) features found on and in the vicinity of the site.
Butternut tree (Juglans cinerea), Grasshopper Sparrow (Ammodramus savannarum), Wood Thrush (Hylocichla mustelina), Chimney Swift (Chaetura pelagica), Eastern Milksnake (Lampropeltis triangulum), Western Chorus Frog (Pseudacris triseriata), Jefferson Salamander (Ambystoma jeffersonianum), Northern Myotis (Myotis septentrionalis), Small-footed Myotis (Myotis leibii) and Tri-coloured Bat (Perimyotis subflavus), which are identified as endangered,
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threatened or special concern federally and/or provincially, have known occurrences in the region. However, these species were not observed within the Local Assessment Area (LAA).
Critical habitat for one SAR – Western Chorus Frog – was identified within the LAA (Figure 1, Appendix A). Although the species was not observed during field surveys, critical habitat for the Western Chorus Frog was identified in a forest and wetland complex at the south end of the LAA, as defined in the species’ federal recovery strategy.
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Abbreviations
ANSI Area of Natural and Scientific Interest
CC Coefficient of conservatism cm Centimetre
CN Canadian National Railway Company
COSEWIC Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada COSSARO Committee on the Status of Species at Risk in Ontario dB Decibel dbh Diameter at breast height e.g. exempli gratia (or ‘for example’)
EIS Environmental Impact Statement
ELC Ecological Land Classification
ESA Endangered Species Act, 2007
GTHA Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area i.e. id est (or ‘that is’) kHz Kilohertz km Kilometre
LAA Local Assessment Area
LIO Land Information Ontario m Metre m2 Square Metre
MNR Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources (pre-2014)
MNRF Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry (post-2014)
NHIC Natural Heritage Information Centre PDA Project Development Area
RAA Regional Assessment Area
ROPA Region Official Plan Amendment SAR Species At Risk
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Abbreviations Cont’d
SARA Species at Risk Act (S.C. 2002, c. 29)
SARO Species at Risk in Ontario Stantec Stantec Consulting Ltd.
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Glossary
administration building Building for terminal operations consisting of an office area (offices/cubicles), a lunchroom/kitchen, lockers and washrooms and shower facilities.
Lower Base Line crossing The existing at grade crossing where Lower Base Line crosses the CN Halton Subdivision.
Lower Base Line grade Construction of a grade separation (road underpass) where separation Lower Base Line crosses beneath the existing mainline and proposed new tracks east of Tremaine Road.
mainline Track that is used for through trains or is the principal artery of the railway system from which branch lines, yards, etc. are connected. maintenance garage Attached to the administration building for terminal equipment maintenance. pad tracks Type of yard tracks primarily used to accommodate the loading and unloading of intermodal railcars. rail yard or terminal yard Area in which the yard tracks are located. service tracks Type of yard tracks used to hold railcars; where railcars are staged for their next movement. terminal truck gate Truck access into and out of the Terminal; serves as a checkpoint where all drivers, trucks, chassis and containers are checked for documentation and authorization. work pads Hard surface area used for train loading/unloading activities as well as for the temporary storage of containers. yard tracks Tracks branching off from the mainline and located within the rail/terminal yard; comprised of pad tracks and service tracks; used for switching, making up trains, or storing railcars.
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Introduction December 7, 2015
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Stantec Consulting Ltd. (Stantec) has been retained by the Canadian National Railway Company (CN) to conduct an assessment of the existing terrestrial and wildlife conditions for the Milton Logistics Hub (the Project) in the Town of Milton, within the Regional Municipality of Halton (Halton Region), Ontario.
This terrestrial study has been completed in support of the CN Milton Intermodal Hub Environmental Impact Statement (EIS), pursuant to the Canadian Environmental Assessment Act, 2012 (CEAA, 2012) and the Guidelines for the Preparation of an Environmental Impact Statement – Milton Logistics Hub Project (Canadian Environmental Assessment Agency (CEAA) 2015). The information presented within this technical data report is intended to document the terrestrial existing conditions to support the assessment of potential environmental effects provided in the EIS. This document should be read in conjunction with the EIS.
The information contained in this report is based on assessments completed by AECOM in 2013 and Stantec in 2014 and 2015.
1.1 PROJECT OVERVIEW
To accommodate the growing demand for intermodal services and ensure service and fluidity through the Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area (GTHA), CN proposes to construct and operate the Project, which consists of a new satellite intermodal terminal (the Terminal) and the realignment and extension of the existing mainline. The need for a satellite intermodal terminal is prompted by market growth in the western GTHA and the limited expansion opportunities at the existing Brampton Intermodal Terminal.
The Project is forecasted to handle approximately 350,000 containers annually at the start of operation and approximately 450,000 containers annually at full operation. The Terminal is anticipated to be operational for 24 hours a day, seven days a week with the predominant flow of truck traffic occurring on weekdays, during the daytime. It is estimated that approximately 650 trucks per day will be entering and subsequently exiting the Terminal at the beginning of operation and approximately 800 trucks per day each way at full operation. Truck access to the Terminal will be through a CN-owned private access road off Britannia Road. The access road will include a new two-lane overpass to enable truck access over the CN mainline and yard tracks, which will accommodate trucks entering and exiting the Terminal.
The Terminal will be served by four intermodal trains per day. Two of the trains to be handled in the Terminal are already part of the 25 to 30 trains/day currently moving along the Halton Subdivision mainline while two new trains are forecasted to be added to service the Terminal. The Terminal is designed to accommodate trains directly from the mainline to either a pad track
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Introduction December 7, 2015
or to a service track, based on the train’s design. Once on the pad tracks, containers will be unloaded and loaded from railcars and chassis using mobile reach stacker-type cranes. There will be space available on the work pads to allow for temporary staging of containers and chassis, loading/unloading activities, and to facilitate container, crane and truck movements throughout the Terminal. Service tracks will provide additional space to stage receiving and departing trains.
To avoid disruption to vehicular traffic while trains enter or exit the Terminal, a grade separation is proposed where Lower Base Line crosses the existing mainline, just east of Tremaine Road. An underpass will route Lower Base Line beneath the existing tracks and the Terminal.
Berms and barriers will be constructed, as required, to minimize effects on the community.
A 2,500 square metre (m2) administration building with an attached 1,200 m2 maintenance garage will be built on the site. Employee access to the administration building will be provided through a new entrance off Tremaine Road.
Indian Creek and Tributary A will be realigned to avoid and mitigate potential impacts of the development and operation of the Terminal, and will be enhanced to improve existing fish habitat and revitalize riparian and floodplain areas.
Further details regarding the Project components and activities are provided in Chapter 3 of the EIS.
1.2 STUDY OBJECTIVES
Field investigations were undertaken by AECOM in 2013 and by Stantec in 2014 and 2015 (Figure 2 and 3, Appendix A). The focus of AECOM’s terrestrial and wildlife investigations were on a select portion of CN property adjacent to the existing railway, roughly bounded by Britannia Road to the north, the CN mainline and adjacent property to the east, Lower Base Line to the south and Tremaine Road to the west (Figure 3, Appendix A). Additional assessments conducted by Stantec in 2014 and 2015 were completed for the full Local Assessment Area (LAA) (Figure 1, Appendix A). Further details regarding the study areas including the LAA are discussed in Section 3.
The information used for these assessments was derived through a detailed review of available background information and requests for information, followed by multiple field investigations to verify and validate findings from the background review.
The objectives of the detailed background review of available information and field surveys in 2013, 2014 and 2015 were to confirm the locations of natural heritage features, migratory bird habitat, Species at Risk (SAR) or SAR habitat and understand the potential impacts on these features. This informs the mitigation measures proposed to minimize potential impacts.
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Introduction December 7, 2015
1.3 OVERVIEW OF SPECIES AT RISK LEGISLATION
CN holds a federal certificate of fitness issued by the Canadian Transportation Agency under section 92 of the Canada Transportation Act. CN has been declared a work for the general advantage of Canada by Section 16 of the Commercialization Act. As a federally regulated railway, CN is subject to applicable federal legislation. As such, the federal Species at Risk Act (SARA) is the applicable legislation for the purposes of this report. In addition to the applicable federal legislation, CN has chosen to examine species that may be designated by other authorities in this report.
1.3.1 Federal Species at Risk Act
SARA was created to protect wildlife species at risk. SARA, which became law in June 2003, protects federally listed SAR and their critical habitats. SARA also contains provisions to help manage species of special concern in order to prevent them from becoming endangered, extinct or extirpated. Environment Canada administers SARA for terrestrial species in Canada. SARA includes prohibitions against killing, harming, harassing, capturing or taking SAR, which makes it illegal to destroy their critical habitats, and can impose restrictions on development and construction projects.
The federal process through which species status are designated begins with an assessment by the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC), involving a review of status reports and other available information. COSEWIC makes one of the following status designations: extinct, extirpated, endangered, threatened, special concern or not at risk. They may also determine that they do not have sufficient information to classify the species. The status designation is provided to the Minister of the Environment and Canadian Endangered Species Conservation Council for review and consideration. The species status may then be added to a schedule of SARA, which requires an amendment to the Act. Once the species has been added to a schedule, it is afforded legal protection under the SARA. There may be a timeline of several years between the COSEWIC status designation and addition of a species to a SARA schedule.
1.3.2 Provincial Endangered Species Act
The Ontario Endangered Species Act, 2007 (ESA) protects threatened and endangered species and their habitats by prohibiting anyone from killing, harming, harassing or possessing protected species, as well as prohibiting any damage or destruction to the habitat of species identified on the Species at Risk in Ontario (SARO) List. The ESA is administered by the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry (MNRF).
Provincial SAR are identified and assessed by the Committee on the Status of Species at Risk in Ontario (COSSARO), which is a committee of wildlife experts, scientists and individuals who provide Aboriginal traditional knowledge. COSSARO classifies species according to their degree
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of risk based on the best available scientific information, community knowledge and Aboriginal traditional knowledge. When COSSARO classifies a SAR, the classification applies throughout Ontario, unless COSSARO indicates that the classification applies only to a specified geographic area in Ontario. Once the COSSARO classification is approved by the Ontario Minister of the Environment and Climate Change, the species is added to the SARO List. Threatened and endangered species on the SARO List receive immediate general habitat protection; general habitat is defined as areas on which the species depends, directly or indirectly, to carry out its life processes. For some species, general habitat is defined according to three categories (red, orange, and yellow), which reflect how tolerant the species is to change in that habitat before its usefulness for the species is compromised. Some species have regulated habitat, which is species-specific and is more precisely defined than general habitat to include specific habitat features and geographic boundaries.
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Regional Setting December 7, 2015
2.0 REGIONAL SETTING
The Project is located in the GTHA, within the Town of Milton in the Regional Municipality of Halton. The Terminal is located adjacent and parallel to the existing CN mainline on properties entirely owned by CN.
The Terminal will be built on approximately 400 acres (approximately 160 hectares (ha)) of the 1,000 acres (approximately 400 ha) of CN-owned land adjacent to CN’s Halton Subdivision, which is one of CN‘s existing mainline corridors in the western half of the GTHA. The extent of the realignment and extension of the mainline are within CN’s property and are bounded by Derry Road to the north and 2nd Sideroad to the south. The Project components as they relate to the Terminal will generally be bounded by Britannia Road to the north, First Line to the east, Tremaine Road to the west, and Lower Base Line to the south.
Portions of the CN-owned lands west of the existing mainline are located within the Region’s Urban Boundary for the Town of Milton and are designated as employment lands while the CN- owned lands to the east of the existing mainline are designated future strategic employment areas (Halton Region 2014). The existing Halton Region Waste Management Site is located east of the Project site on First Line, Highway 407 is located to the south and the Burlington Airpark Airport is located approximately1.4 kilometres (km) to the southwest.
Land use in this area is composed of agricultural land, the majority of which is row crops (i.e., soybeans, corn, wheat, etc.) with some of the fields also used to grow hay. Properties owned by CN are currently leased to local farmers and residents. The ground surface cover across the Project site is composed largely of farm fields, sparse hedgerows and drainage features including Indian Creek and its tributaries. There are a few residences fronting First Line, Tremaine Road and Lower Base Line which include landscaped grass and hard cover (driveways, walkways, and similar). Future residential development is proposed north of Britannia Road.
The Project site is located within the Indian Creek sub-watershed of Bronte Creek. The headwaters of much of this sub-watershed drain from the Niagara Escarpment and descend the slopes to the Peel Plain south of Derry Road (Conservation Halton 2002). The characteristic fine textured soils and extensive vegetation clearing over the Peel Plain generally limits the groundwater recharge. Vegetation cover within the sub-watershed is sparse and fields extend to the stream banks (Conservation Halton 2002).
Recognized natural features occur in proximity to the Project, including the Trafalgar Moraine Candidate Earth Science Area of Natural and Scientific Interest (ANSI) located several hundred metres south of the Project site and the Indian Creek Wetland Complex and North Oakville- Milton West Wetland Complex, located within approximately 1 km of CN-owned lands. None of these features occur within the PDA.
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Regional Setting December 7, 2015
The Project will not require access to, use of, or the exploration, development, and production of resources or lands currently known to be used for traditional purposes by Aboriginal peoples. The Project site has been privately owned since the 19th century and is not known to be used for traditional purposes by Aboriginal peoples identified by the CEAA to be consulted in the context of the Environmental Assessment.
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Study and Assessment Areas December 7, 2015
3.0 STUDY AND ASSESSMENT AREAS
3.1 PROJECT DEVELOPMENT AREA
The Project Development Area (PDA) has been defined as the area of physical disturbance directly associated with the Project footprint. The PDA incorporates all project components and area grading, which covers approximately 185 ha of CN-owned property as shown in Figure 1, Appendix A.
3.2 LOCAL ASSESSMENT AREA
The Local Assessment Area (LAA) encompasses the area where there is potential for disturbance effects on the terrestrial environment from the Project. The LAA extends 120 m from the PDA as shown in Figure 1, Appendix A. The LAA contains the PDA. The boundaries of the LAA are intended to capture the potential disturbance to sensitive species, habitat requirements and the extent of influence of development and site alteration.
3.3 REGIONAL ASSESSMENT AREA
The Regional Assessment Area (RAA) boundaries include the areas within which the Project will be developed, and the surrounding areas which have the potential to experience environmental effects from construction and operation of the Project. The RAA extends 1 km beyond the LAA as shown in Figure 1, Appendix A. The RAA contains the LAA and, by extension, the PDA.
The 1 km area is an area for which effects of the Project can be assessed in combination with those of past, present and reasonably foreseeable projects. In addition, species occurrences in background data are usually provided in 1 km by 1 km squares (e.g. Natural Heritage Information Centre (NHIC) and Ontario Breeding Bird Atlas). As such the 1 km unit is suitable for collecting background wildlife occurrences that may overlap with the PDA.
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Study and Assessment Areas December 7, 2015
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Methodology December 7, 2015
4.0 METHODOLOGY
4.1 DESKTOP REVIEW AND DATA SOURCES
In developing an understanding of the natural environment features within the LAA, Stantec conducted a preliminary background review of relevant secondary source information. For terrestrial investigations, this included a search of provincial databases in 2015 such as the Natural Heritage Information Centre (NHIC 2015), Ontario Breeding Birds Atlas (Cadman et al. 2007), Ontario Mammal Atlas (Dobbyn 1994; Eder 2002), and Ontario Reptile and Amphibian Atlas (Ontario Nature 2013) to identify known species of concern and SAR. Federal Recovery Strategies for potential SAR where reviewed to identify any overlap with critical habitat. The desktop review included the Halton Region Official Plan, including the Region Office Plan Amendment 38 (ROPA 38), the Bronte Creek Watershed Study (Conservation Halton 2002), and the Bronte Creek and Supplemental Monitoring Study (Conservation Halton 2009).
In addition, Stantec reviewed available background material including the Toronto West Terminal Environmental Investigation Study (AECOM 2013a), the Toronto West Terminal Environmental Reconnaissance Study (AECOM 2013b) and online information available through Land Information Ontario (LIO 2015). Consultation with Conservation Halton included discussions regarding natural features, required field surveys, and wildlife habitat. Consultation with MNRF regarding SAR records in the RAA is ongoing.
4.2 FIELD SURVEYS
Initial field investigations completed by AECOM took place in 2013. Terrestrial ecology and wildlife assessments completed by AECOM include:
• Ecological Land Classification (ELC) and spring/summer botanical surveys; • Amphibian surveys;
• Breeding bird surveys; and,
• SAR habitat assessments.
Based on the information gathered during the desktop review and AECOM’s findings (see Section 5.1), further targeted investigation into potential habitat for SAR was completed by Stantec in 2014 with focus on federally and provincially listed species. This was completed through:
• Grassland breeding bird surveys targeting Bobolink, Eastern Meadowlark, Barn Swallow and Grasshopper Sparrow;
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• Maternity roost habitat assessments targeting Little Brown Myotis, Northern Myotis, Small- footed Myotis, and Tri-coloured Bat; and,
• Habitat assessment and area searches targeting Eastern Milksnake. Finally, the following surveys were completed in 2015 to update survey information and provide more details on specific species:
• Grassland breeding bird habitat assessment and surveys targeting Bobolink, Eastern Meadowlark, Barn Swallow and Grasshopper Sparrow;
• Woodland breeding bird surveys targeting Wood Thrush and Eastern Wood-Pewee; • Maternity roost habitat assessments, exit surveys and acoustic monitoring surveys targeting Little Brown Myotis, Northern Myotis, Small-footed Myotis, and Tri-coloured Bat;
• Turtle surveys for general habitat use and specifically for Snapping Turtle;
• Amphibian call and egg mass surveys for general habitat use and specifically for Jefferson Salamander habitat; and,
• Update to ELC surveys, with spring/summer botanical surveys.
Dates, times and weather conditions for all surveys are provided in Table 4.1 below.
Table 4.1: Survey Dates, Times, and Weather – Field Surveys (AECOM and Stantec)
Weather
Company Survey Date/Time Temp. Wind Cloud PPT/PPT last 24 Surveyor (°C) (Beaufort (%) hours Scale) AECOM Breeding Bird May 30, 2013 17 2 0 none/none AECOM Env Survey personnel AECOM Amphibian Call June 12, 2013 20 0 90 none/drizzle AECOM Env Survey 21:04-22:55 personnel AECOM Breeding Bird June 21, 2013 10 1 0 none/none AECOM Env Survey personnel AECOM ELC Survey July 4, 2013 20 3 100 rain/rain AECOM Env personnel Stantec Breeding bird June 6, 2014 10 1 10 None/none C. Ross survey 06:10-08:22 Stantec Bat maternity June 6, 2014 10 1 10 None/none C. Ross roost habitat 08:00-09:15 assessment Stantec Snake area June 6, 2014 10 1 10 None/none C. Ross search and 08:00-09:15 habitat assessment Stantec Breeding bird June 19, 2014 19 2-3 100 None/none C. Ross survey 07:30-09:33
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Table 4.1: Survey Dates, Times, and Weather – Field Surveys (AECOM and Stantec)
Weather
Company Survey Date/Time Temp. Wind Cloud PPT/PPT last 24 Surveyor (°C) (Beaufort (%) hours Scale) Stantec Snake area June 19, 2014 19 2-3 100 None/none C. Ross search 07:30-09:30 Stantec Breeding bird July 3, 2014 16 1 20 None/none C. Ross survey 07:45-09:31 Stantec Snake area July 3, 2014 16 1 20 None/none C. Ross search 07:30-09:45 Stantec Bat habitat November 25, 0 4 100 None/none K. St. James assessment 2014 14:00-14:30 Stantec Amphibian Call Apr 20, 2015 16 2-3 50 None/rain J. Ball Survey 20:36-00:12 B. Holden Stantec Bat Maternity Apr 30, 2015 15 2 35 None/none B. Holden Roost Habitat 11:00-17:45 Assessment, Amphibian Egg Mass Survey Stantec Amphibian Egg May 14, 2015 15 1 0 None/none J. Ball Mass Survey, 11:40-14:00 Turtle Survey, Grassland Bird Habitat Assessment Stantec Turtle Survey, May 27, 2015 27 3 50 None/rain J. Ball Breeding Bird 6:00-11:37 Survey (Woodland and Grassland), Spring Botanical Survey Stantec Amphibian Call May 28, 2015 17-20 0 30 None/unknown J. Ball Survey 21:22-00:03 C. Pengelly Stantec Breeding Bird June 5, 2015 12-22 0 20 None/none K. St. James Survey 5:23-9:26 (Woodland and Grassland) Barn Swallow Survey Stantec ELC Survey May 11, 2015 20 2-3 15 None/rain B. Miller 9:00-15:00 Stantec ELC Survey May 12, 2015 15 2 10 None/none J. Ball 9:30-
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Table 4.1: Survey Dates, Times, and Weather – Field Surveys (AECOM and Stantec)
Weather
Company Survey Date/Time Temp. Wind Cloud PPT/PPT last 24 Surveyor (°C) (Beaufort (%) hours Scale) Stantec Breeding Bird June 15, 2015 18-22 1 100 Fog/rain K. St. James Survey 5:30-9:07 (Woodland and Grassland) Stantec ELC Survey, June 16, 2015 27 3 40 None/rain J. Ball Turtle Survey 10:00-13:25 Stantec Amphibian Call June 23, 2015 19 2 0 None/none J. Ball Survey, Bat 21:53-00:29 C. Pengelly Acoustic Survey Stantec Bat Acoustic June 25, 2015 19 0 50 None/none C. Pengelly Survey 20:35-21:25 Stantec Summer July 22, 2015 24 2 0 None/none J. Ball Botanical 09:00-14:30 Survey
Further details regarding the methods used to complete the various field investigations are described in the following sections.
4.3 LAND USE AND VEGETATION COMMUNITIES
In 2013, AECOM identified and delineated the vegetation communities at the site using the ELC for Southern Ontario (Lee et al. 1998). In 2015, vegetation community boundaries were updated by Stantec. Community characterizations were based on the ELC system (Lee et al. 1998), using the updated 2008 community codes. Vascular plant species lists were also recorded separately for each community.
4.3.1 Botanical Inventory
A botanical inventory of all natural vegetation communities (e.g., thickets, forests, wetlands, etc.) was completed by AECOM for the original LAA (see Figure 3, Appendix A) in the spring and summer of 2013 (May 30 to July 4, 2013). Botanical inventories were conducted in 2015 by Stantec to incorporate the expanded LAA. A random meander method was used to collect botanical data. Flora nomenclature was based on the Ontario Plant List (Newmaster et al. 1998). However, many updates to genera, specific epithets and family names have been made to reflect recent taxonomic revisions. The primary source of these updates is Michigan Flora Online (Reznicek 2011). For Ontario species not present in the Michigan Flora, the NHIC (2010) was consulted to obtain an updated name if applicable.
Following conventional assessment practice protocols, the provincial status of all plant species is noted and is based on Newmaster et al. (1998), with updates from NHIC (2010). Identification of
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potentially sensitive native plant species is based on their assigned coefficient of conservatism (CC) value, as determined by Oldham et al. (1995). This CC value, ranging from zero (low) to ten (high), is based on a species’ tolerance of disturbance and fidelity to a specific natural habitat. Species with a CC value of nine or ten generally exhibit a high degree of fidelity to a narrow range of habitat parameters.
4.4 AMPHIBIAN SURVEYS
4.4.1 Frog and Toad Calling Surveys
Calling amphibian surveys followed the protocols identified in the Marsh Monitoring Program Manual (Bird Studies Canada 1994; Bird Studies Canada 2003). Surveys were conducted by Stantec in 2015 between one-half hour after sunset and midnight, once in each of April, May, and June at 12 locations in the LAA (Figure 2, Appendix A). Previously, one (1) survey had been completed by AECOM in June 2013 at four (4) locations in the LAA (Figure 3, Appendix A).
The protocol involves the surveyor standing at each selected station and listening for three (3) minutes. Amphibians were recorded to be within each surveyed station if they are within 100 m of the surveyor. Consistent with the Marsh Monitoring Program protocol, all calling activity was ranked using one of the following three (3) abundance code categories:
• (1) calls not simultaneous – number of individuals can be accurately counted;
• (2) some calls simultaneous – number of individuals can be reliably estimated; and,
• (3) full chorus – calls continuous and overlapping, so number of individuals cannot be reliably estimated.
Observers recorded the following information: date, names of observers, time, weather conditions (temperature, % cloud cover, Beaufort wind scale, and precipitation), location of each survey, species observed, total number of individuals of each species, and direction. Incidental observations of amphibians were also recorded during the other field surveys. 4.4.2 Salamanders
Area searches for amphibian egg masses were conducted at vernal pools within woodland habitat between April 30 and May 14, 2015 (targeting the salamander breeding period). Egg masses found were identified to species. Characteristics of each vernal pool, such as size, depth and presence of vegetation or woody debris were recorded.
Furthermore, habitat assessments for salamanders were conducted, recording occurrences of potential breeding habitat and the presence of the following characteristics:
• Spring pooling, fed by groundwater, snowmelt or surface water that is retained through mid to late summer;
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• Located within or near a woodland;
• Egg attachment sites available such as low shrubs, twigs, fallen tree branches, submerged riparian vegetation or emergent vegetation;
• Food present in pool, including small aquatic invertebrates and amphibian larvae; and,
• No predatory fish present which would prey on egg masses and juvenile salamanders. 4.5 BREEDING BIRDS SURVEYS
Breeding bird surveys were conducted in 2013 (AECOM), 2014 (Stantec) and 2015 (Stantec) within the LAA and encompassed a variety of habitats for birds including grasslands, woodlands, and wetlands. Bird breeding habitat assessments were conducted to classify vegetation communities and identify potential bird habitat where specific breeding bird surveys would be conducted.
In 2013, AECOM conducted two (2) rounds of surveys for breeding birds in grassland, woodland, and wetland habitats on May 30 and June 21, 2013 (Figure 3, Appendix A). In 2014, Stantec conducted three (3) rounds of surveys for breeding birds in all grassland (fallow, meadow, hay, and pasture) habitats within the LAA, targeting Bobolink and Eastern Meadowlark. Surveys in 2014 were conducted between June 6 and July 3 (Figure 2, Appendix A). In 2015, Stantec conducted three (3) rounds of surveys for breeding birds in all grassland (fallow, meadow, hay, and pasture), woodland, and wetland habitats within the LAA between May 27 and June 15 (Figure 2, Appendix A). Surveys were comprised of ten-minute point counts within each habitat, spread approximately 250 m apart or closer when specific habitats were targeted. Surveys began at, or within, half an hour of sunrise and were completed by 10:00 a.m.
In addition, a Barn Swallow survey was conducted at a barn proposed for removal (Figure 2, Appendix A) on June 5, 2015 by Stantec. This structure consisted of a large barn with three separate levels with rafters and many locations for Barn Swallows to build nests. The doors to these barns are typically left open, providing constant access for birds to enter and exit. Breeding behavior and the number of active and inactive nests was recorded.
For Stantec’s bird surveys, observers recorded the following information: date, names of observers, time, weather conditions (temperature, % cloud cover, Beaufort wind scale, visibility, and precipitation), location, species observed and number of individuals of SAR. Although these surveys targeted breeding birds, non-breeding bird observations were also recorded. Birds documented as flyovers or otherwise not using the LAA as nesting habitat were clearly indicated at the time of observation.
4.6 TURTLE SURVEYS
Three (3) surveys for turtle were conducted by Stantec at each turtle habitat feature between May 14 and June 16, 2015. Each survey consisted of conducting a habitat assessment of each
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wetland feature, scanning for basking turtles, and searching for evidence of nesting. Given basking habits of the turtle species, scans focused on turtles near the surface of open water. Any turtles observed basking in early spring at suitable ponds would be considered overwintering in that habitat. For nesting behaviour, searches consisted of looking for signs of nesting turtles in areas of sand/gravel outcrops and along roadsides. Surveyors recorded all species observed, along with an estimate of the number of individuals of each species and behaviour observed. If nests were observed, the location of each nest, and a description of the nest and any eggs observed was recorded. Additional information recorded on the data forms included: weather conditions [temperature, wind speed (on a Beaufort scale), % cloud cover, and presence of any precipitation should be recorded], date and time of day, and the name of the observer.
4.7 BAT SURVEYS
4.7.1 Bat Habitat Assessment – Maternity Roosts
The LAA was surveyed for potential maternity roosts on June 6, 2014 and on April 30, 2015 by Stantec. Large diameter trees provide potential maternity roosting opportunities for bat species, and contain larger and more variable colony sizes than do smaller diameter trees (Olson and Barclay 2013). For this reason, the methods used for the bat survey focused on identifying and quantifying large diameter trees to evaluate the potential for roost sites. For this survey, it was assumed that trees greater than 25 centimetre (cm) diameter-at-breast-height (dbh) have the highest probability of being used as a maternity roost, as per MNR’s Bats and Bat Habitats Guidelines (2011). Not all trees over 25 cm dbh provide suitable roosting sites. Suitable roost trees are typically in early stages of decay (decay class 1-3), with large cavities greater than 10 m high and entrances small enough to exclude predators (e.g., raccoons) and protected from the elements (MNR 2011).
The location of potential cavity trees identified within the LAA was recorded, and these resources were evaluated as potential bat maternity colony habitat.
4.7.2 Bat Maternity Roost Surveys – Acoustic Monitoring
Candidate roost trees identified within the LAA and the associated forested habitat were surveyed for bat activity using acoustic monitoring.
Acoustic monitoring of the woodland feature in the south end of the LAA was completed by Stantec on June 23 and June 25, 2015 around dusk. The length of the woodland edge and clearings within the woodland were surveyed using one walking transect. Surveys occurred on warm/mild nights (i.e., ambient temperature above approximately 10°C) with low winds and no precipitation. Each survey lasted for approximately one hour. Handheld broadband bat detectors with condenser microphones were used. The specific type of equipment used was the EM3+ Echo Meter by Wildlife Acoustics, with the following settings provided in Table 4.2. The
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Table 4.2: Bat Detector Settings
Setting Level Sample rate 256 kHz Format WAV Frequency threshold 12 kHz Amplitude threshold 18 dB Gain 36 dB
4.8 SNAKE SURVEYS
Areas throughout the LAA providing potential snake habitat (generally meadows and fallow communities) were searched by Stantec using walking transects on June 6, 2014. The habitat assessment involved the identification of potential hibernacula, potential nesting sites and foraging/summer habitat. Three (3) rounds of area searches (June 6, June 19, and July 3, 2014) were conducted for Eastern Milksnake, as well as incidental observations of any snake species throughout other field surveys.
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5.0 RESULTS
5.1 BACKGROUND REVIEW
5.1.1 Natural Heritage Features
The desktop review resulted in six significant natural areas identified in the RAA (shown on Figure 1, Appendix A):
• Trafalgar Moraine Provincially Significant Earth Science ANSI; • Britannia Wetlands Candidate Provincially Significant Life Science ANSI;
• Oakville-Milton Wetlands and Uplands Candidate Provincially Significant Life Science ANSI;
• North Oakville-Milton West Provincially Significant Wetland Complex;
• Indian Creek Provincially Significant Wetland Complex; and,
• Greenbelt Protected Countryside Area. Only the Trafalgar Moraine Provincially Significant Earth Science ANSI occurs in the PDA along the existing CN mainline. The Britannia Wetlands Candidate Provincially Significant ANSI and the Greenbelt Protected Countryside Area occur within the LAA but not within the PDA.
The Halton Region ROPA 38 identifies the Indian Creek corridor and other drainage features in the LAA as Key Features, which are defined as:
• significant habitat of endangered and threatened species;
• significant wetlands;
• significant coastal wetlands;
• significant woodlands;
• significant valleylands; • significant wildlife habitat;
• significant areas of natural and scientific interests; and,
• fish habitat. Presence of wetlands, woodlands and wildlife habitats within the LAA, that fit the definition of a Key Feature under the Halton Region ROPA 38, were further considered through the field studies; the results of which are presented in the following sections. The Bronte Creek Watershed Study identifies the Indian Creek corridor as an area for linkage enhancement opportunities. Furthermore, the watershed study includes recommendations for studies to be undertaken and enhancement opportunities should CN decide to develop the
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• increase riparian habitat;
• enhance and protect forest habitat;
• increase corridor and linkages; and, • reestablish linkages between forest blocks.
5.1.2 Species
A list of SAR species that are potentially found within the RAA, based on the review of background sources, is presented in Table 5.1. The list includes two plants, seven migratory birds, two reptiles, two amphibians, and four mammals. Table 5.1: Species at Risk Potentially Found in the RAA
Common COSEWIC SARA SARO Potential for Scientific Name Habitat Requirements4 Name Status1, 5 Status2, 5 Status3, 5 Habitat in LAA Plants Butternut Juglans cinerea END END END Woodlands Yes – (deciduous or mixed) hedgerows or hedgerows and woodlands Eastern Cornus florida END END END Woodlands Yes – Flowering (deciduous) woodlands Dogwood Birds Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica THR - THR Structures for nesting Yes – existing (barns, houses) barn to be removed Bobolink Dolichonyx THR - THR Grasslands (hay, Yes – hay and oryzivorus pasture, meadow) pasture fields Chimney Swift Chaetura THR THR THR Structures for nesting No – no pelagica (with chimneys or structures with other roof structures), suitable usually anthropogenic chimneys to be removed Eastern Sturnella magna THR - THR Grasslands (hay, Yes – hay and Meadowlark pasture, meadow) pasture fields Eastern Wood- Contopus virens SC - SC Woodlands Yes – Pewee (deciduous) deciduous woodlands Grasshopper Ammodramus SC - SC Grasslands (hay, Yes – hay and Sparrow savannarum pasture, meadow) pasture fields
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Table 5.1: Species at Risk Potentially Found in the RAA
Common COSEWIC SARA SARO Potential for Scientific Name Habitat Requirements4 Name Status1, 5 Status2, 5 Status3, 5 Habitat in LAA Wood Thrush Hylocichla THR - SC Woodlands Yes – mustelina (deciduous) deciduous woodlands Reptiles Eastern Lampropeltis SC SC SC Meadows and other Yes – hay and Milksnake triangulum open habitat for pasture fields summer; rock fissures extending below frost line for hibernation Snapping Chelydra SC SC SC Permanent or semi- Yes – wetlands Turtle serpentina permanent fresh and water including watercourses marshes, swamps, bogs, and rivers and streams with soft muddy banks or bottoms Amphibians Western Western Chorus THR THR - Wooded and open Yes – Chorus Frog Frog wetlands woodlands and seasonally inundated agricultural fields Jefferson Ambystoma END END END Vernal pools for Yes – Salamander jeffersonianum breeding; woodlands deciduous for hibernation woodlands and vernal pooling Mammals Little Brown Myotis lucifugus END END END Cavity trees and Yes – cavity Myotis structures for maternity trees could be roosts and caves or found in structures for woodlands hibernation Northern Myotis END END END Cavity trees and Yes – cavity Myotis septentrionalis structures for maternity trees could be roosts and caves or found in structures for woodlands hibernation
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Table 5.1: Species at Risk Potentially Found in the RAA
Common COSEWIC SARA SARO Potential for Scientific Name Habitat Requirements4 Name Status1, 5 Status2, 5 Status3, 5 Habitat in LAA Small-footed Myotis leibii - - END Cavity trees and Yes – cavity Myotis structures for maternity trees could be roosts and caves or found in structures for woodlands hibernation Tri-coloured Perimyotis END END - Cavity trees and Yes – cavity Bat subflavus structures for maternity trees could be roosts and caves or found in structures for woodlands hibernation NOTES: 1 Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC 2015) 2 Species at Risk Act status (Government of Canada 2015) 3 Species at Risk in Ontario List (MNRF 2015) 4 MNR (2000) Significant Wildlife Habitat Technical Guide 5 Legend: END: Endangered; THR: Threatened; SC: Special Concern
5.2 LAND USE AND VEGETATION COMMUNITIES
The breakdown of the land cover at the site is comprised of agricultural land, which mainly consists of row crops (i.e., soybeans, corn, wheat, etc.) with some of the fields also used to grow hay.
In 2013, ecological communities within the LAA identified by AECOM were all determined to have been altered or influenced by anthropogenic disturbances. In 2015, the ELC boundary delineations were updated and the classifications updated using the 2008 ELC codes by Stantec (Figure 4, Appendix A). Table 5.2 below includes the community descriptions for these vegetation communities.
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Table 5.2: ELC Vegetation Communities Found in the LAA
ELC Type Community Description
Forest (FO) Deciduous Forest (FOD) FODM2 This mature woodland community occurred in the south part of the LAA. The Dry-Fresh Oak-Maple- canopy contained abundant shagbark hickory, American beech, and sugar Hickory Deciduous maple. The understorey included small shagbark hickory, American beech, sugar Forest maple and choke cherry. The groundcover included poison ivy, enchanter’s nightshade and Pennsylvania sedge. Some areas of vernal pooling were found throughout this woodland. FODM9-3 This mature woodland community occurred northeast of the LAA. It was dominated Fresh-Moist Bur Oak by bur oak, with green ash and basswood associates. The understorey included Deciduous Forest common buckthorn and gray dogwood, and the groundcover included Canada anemone, ragweed, and bitter nightshade. This woodland appeared to be greatly affected by Emerald Ash Borer. A tributary to Indian Creek runs through this community. FODM9 This mature woodland community occurred northeast of the LAA. It was dominated Fresh-Moist Oak- by shagbark hickory and white oak, with bur oak, green ash, American elm, and Maple-Hickory basswood associates. The understorey included abundant common buckthorn and Deciduous Forest gray dogwood, and the groundcover included garlic mustard, wild geranium, yellow avens, and grass species. FODM11 This mid-age hedgerow community occurred east of the railway tracks. It was Naturalized Deciduous dominated by ash species, with occasional basswood and bur oak. Gray dogwood Hedgerow was found abundantly in the understorey. Thicket (TH) Deciduous Thicket (THD) THDM2-4 This pioneer thicket community occurred in the northeast part of the LAA. It was Gray Dogwood dominated by gray dogwood with occasional American elm. Deciduous Shrub Thicket THDM2-11 This young thicket community occurred west of the railway tracks, on rural property Hawthorn Deciduous set back from the road. It was dominated by hawthorn species, with occasional Thicket common crab-apple and Manitoba maple. The groundcover included bird’s foot trefoil, goldenrod species, prickly cucumber and yellow avens. Marsh (MA) Meadow Marsh (MAM) MAMM1 This pioneer marsh community occurred within the agricultural fields in the northeast Graminoid Mineral corner of the LAA as well as in the proposed restoration area. The community in the Meadow Marsh northeast was dominated by meadow foxtail, with abundant broad-leaved cattail along the watercourse feature. The community in the proposed restoration area contained abundant fox sedge and panicled aster, with occasional broad-leaved cattail, bird’s foot trefoil and soft rush.
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Table 5.2: ELC Vegetation Communities Found in the LAA
ELC Type Community Description
MAMM1-3 This young marsh community occurred within the agricultural fields northeast of the Reed-canary Grass LAA. The community was dominated by reed canary grass. Graminoid Mineral Meadow Marsh Type Shallow Marsh (MAS) MASM1 This marsh community occurs as an inclusion in the WOD community near the ditch Graminoid Mineral along Lower Base Line Road. It contains abundant Carex species, grass species, Shallow Marsh and goldenrod. Cultural Open Agriculture (OAG) OAGM1 Agricultural fields containing row crops were abundant throughout the LAA Annual Row Crops OAGM2 Agricultural fields consisting of hay crop or fallow fields occurred occasionally Perennial Cover Crops throughout the LAA. These features may contain grassland bird breeding habitat. OAGM4 Pasture fields for farm animals occurred occasionally throughout the LAA. These Open Pasture features may contain grassland bird breeding habitat. Treed Agriculture (TAG) TAGM1 This young pine plantation occurred just west of the railway tracks at the back of Coniferous Plantation rural property. TAGM5 Hedgerow communities were commonly found along property and field Fencerow boundaries throughout the LAA. Deciduous Woodland (WOD) WOD This mid-aged to mature woodland community occurred west of the railway tracks Deciduous Woodland along Lower Base Line Road. It was dominated by bur oak, with ash species, shagbark hickory and Manitoba maple associates. The understorey included common buckthorn and hawthorn species, and the groundcover included Carex species, goldenrod species, enchanter’s nightshade and garlic mustard. This woodland continues into a hedgerow to the west. Meadow (ME) Graminoid Meadow (MEG) MEGM3 This pioneer meadow community occurred west of the railway tracks, on rural Dry-Fresh Graminoid property set back from the road. It contained occasional hawthorn species and Meadow Manitoba maple. The groundcover was dominated by reed canary grass, with occasional bird’s foot trefoil, butter-and-eggs, teasel, goldenrod species and awnless brome. MEGM3-8 This pioneer meadow community occurred just east of the railway tracks. It was Reed Canary Grass dominated by reed canary grass, with occasional spreading dogbane, thistle Graminoid Meadow species, goldenrod species, sugar maple, and riverbank grape.
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Table 5.2: ELC Vegetation Communities Found in the LAA
ELC Type Community Description
MEGM4 This pioneer meadow community occurred along Tremaine Road near the Fresh-Moist Graminoid proposed restoration area. It contained occasional silver maple, and the Meadow groundcover was dominated by reed canary grass, with awnless brome, Kentucky bluegrass and orchard grass. Mixed Meadow (MEM) MEMM4 This pioneer meadow community occurred in the southeast corner of the LAA. It Fresh-Moist Mixed contained occasional willow shrubs. The groundcover contained abundant Meadow meadow foxtail, goldenrod species, leafy spurge, Kentucky bluegrass, and patches of Phragmites. Savanna (SV) Deciduous Savanna (SVD) SVDM3 This young savanna community occurred west of the railway tracks, on rural Dry-Fresh Deciduous property set back from the road. It contained crab-apple trees, with occasional Savanna hawthorn species and grass species. It is likely an old orchard. Shallow Water (SA) Submerged Shallow Aquatic (SAS) SAS1-1 Two areas of shallow water were identified near the woodland in the south end of Pondweed the LAA. The feature at the east edge of the woodland was approximately 50 m x Submerged Shallow 75 m, 0.5 m deep, and had muck substrate with pondweed at the surface. The Aquatic feature at the west edge of the woodland was approximately 100 m x 20 m in size, 0.5 m deep, and had a muck substrate with pondweed at the surface.
5.2.1 Botanical Inventory
A total of 193 species of vascular plants were recorded from the LAA, of which 64% were native and 36% were non-native. 93% of the native plants have a rank of S5, indicating they are common and secure within Ontario, and eight (8) species (7%) have a rank of S4 (apparently secure) (NHIC 2015).
None of the species observed had a CC value of nine or ten. No federally or provincially endangered, threatened, or special concern species were found. A full botanical list is provided in Appendix B.
Two species of SAR plant were identified in the background review: Butternut and Eastern Flowering Dogwood. These species are identified as endangered both provincially and federally. Neither species was observed in the LAA during the field investigations.
No threatened or endangered plant species were identified through the field surveys, and no critical habitat for plant species at risk was identified within the LAA.
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5.3 AMPHIBIANS
5.3.1 Frog and Toad Calling Surveys
A total of five species of amphibians were heard during amphibian surveys. Table 5.3 summarizes the results of the surveys by AECOM in 2013 and Stantec in 2015; feature number refers to those as shown in Figure 2, Appendix A.
The numbers in Table 5.3 indicate the highest call code activity observed for each species on each survey and the estimated number of individuals.
Table 5.3: Amphibian Calling Survey Results
Species Present (Highest Call Code – Estimated Number of Water Present Individuals)
Feature # Round y/n SPPE NLFR GRTR GRFR CHFR WOFR AMTO
AECOM - - 1-1; 1-2* - - - - y 1 - - - - 2-5 - - y 1 2 1-1 - - - - - 1-2 y 3 ------1-1 y AECOM - - 1-1; 1-1* - - - - y 1 - - - - 1-3 - - y 2 2 1-2 - - - - - 1-1 y 3 ------2-5 y 1 - - - - 2-8 - - y 3 2 1-2* ------n 3 ------y AECOM 1-1* - 2* - - - - y 1 1-1 ------y 4 2 ------1-8 y 3 ------n 1 - - - - 2-15 - - y 5 2 ------n 3 ------y 1 - - - - 2-10* - - y 6 2 - - - - 1-1* - - n 3 ------y
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Table 5.3: Amphibian Calling Survey Results
Species Present (Highest Call Code – Estimated Number of Water Present Individuals)
Feature # Round y/n SPPE NLFR GRTR GRFR CHFR WOFR AMTO
1 - - - - 1-1 - - y 7 2 ------y 3 ------1-4 y 1 - - - - 3 - - y 8 2 - - 2-7 - 1-1 - 1-3 y 3 ------1-3 y 1 1-1* - - 1-1 1-1* - - y 9 2 - - 1-1 - - - - y 3 ------1-1* y 1 - - - - 2-10* - - y 10 2 1-1* 1-1* n
3 ------y 1 - - - - 3 - - y 12 2 - - 2-8 - 1-2 - - y 3 ------y 1 n/a - 13 2 - - 2-12 - - - - y 3 ------1-2 y Legend: * indicates outside feature - indicates that none were observed AMTO-American Toad (Anaxyrus americanus) CHFR-Western Chorus Frog (Pseudacris triseriata) GRTR-Tetraploid Gray Tree Frog (Hyla versicolor) NLFR-Northern Leopard Frog (Lithobates pipiens) SPPE-Spring Peeper (Pseudacris crucifer) WOFR-Wood Frog (Lithobates sylvatica) GRFR-Green Frog (Lithobates clamitans)
One frog species with a SAR status was identified in the background review: Western Chorus Frog. This species is designated as threatened federally. The Western Chorus Frog was not observed within the LAA during the field investigations.
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The Proposed Recovery Strategy for the Western Chorus Frog (Environment Canada 2014) partially identifies critical habitat locations for the species in Canada. The Recovery Strategy outlines the geographic areas (in 10 by 10 km squares) where critical habitat occurs and provides a description of suitable habitat. Although this species may only occur in a small portion of each parcel, the entire suitable habitat complex is identified as critical habitat. The LAA occurs within a 10 by 10 km standard UTM grid within which critical habitat for the Western Chorus Frog is found. As such, a habitat suitability assessment was conducted to identify critical habitat for the species.
No critical habitat was identified in the PDA; however, the habitat assessment did consider three potential habitat patches that overlap with the LAA:
• The wetland in the northeast corner of the LAA comprised of the meadow marsh community (MAMM1);
• The wetland along the western boundary of the LAA comprised of MAMM1 and the on-line agricultural pond; and,
• The wetland/woodland/cultural meadow complex at the south end of the LAA.
The habitat assessment is summarized in Table 5.4. Based on this analysis, a single area of critical habitat for Western Chorus Frog was identified. This area overlaps the southern end of the LAA, Figure 5, Appendix A. No critical habitat was identified within the PDA.
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Table 5.4: Western Chorus Frog Critical Habitat Assessment
Recovery Strategy Criteria Potential Critical Habitats within the LAA Life Cycle Stage Habitat Type Biophysical Attributes Northeast MAMM1 Western MAMM1 Southern Wetland/Woodland Complex Breeding Wetlands Temporary or shallow portions Occurred along a drainage Permanent on-line Two ponds, each (ponds, basins, marshes, of permanent wetland feature which occasionally agricultural pond surrounded approximately 50 cm deep swamps, drainage AND holds water. Vegetation by meadow marsh. with submergent vegetation. ditches) includes meadow foxtail, with Vegetation included fox Grassy vegetation around Vegetation structure and broad-leaved cattail along sedge and panicled aster, margins of the pond. In composition the ditch. During field surveys, with broad-leaved cattail, addition, one vernal pool was AND no amphibian observed using bird’s foot trefoil and soft rush. present within the woodland. Absence or limited presence this feature. Habitat not Wetland supported small Approximately 20 cm deep of fish. considered suitable for number of American Toad, with grassy vegetation. breeding due to intermittent Green Frog and Spring nature of the standing water. Peeper. Fish present. Foraging and Terrestrial (lowlands such Vegetation structure and None present. Small cultural meadow Cultural meadow located to movement as pastures, clearing, composition correspond to Adjacent areas consist of occurs adjacent to the on- the east of the woodland, within a local meadow, wildlands, those of breeding sites. agricultural fields. line agricultural pond. adjacent to the breeding population shrublands) habitat. Hibernation Terrestrial (lowlands) Vegetation and structure None present. None present. Woodland provides suitable correspond to those of Adjacent areas consist of Required soft substrate not hibernation habitat with soft wetlands used as breeding agricultural fields. present in adjacent meadow. substrate and dead leaves. and foraging AND soft substrate with dead leaves, woody debris or burrows
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Table 5.4: Western Chorus Frog Critical Habitat Assessment
Recovery Strategy Criteria Potential Critical Habitats within the LAA Life Cycle Stage Habitat Type Biophysical Attributes Northeast MAMM1 Western MAMM1 Southern Wetland/Woodland Complex Dispersal Wetlands and/or Terrestrial Vegetation and structure None present. None present. Potential dispersal habitat between local (lowlands) correspond to those of Adjacent areas consist of No other wetlands identified within woodland, between populations wetlands used as breeding agricultural fields. within 900m. wetland areas. and foraging No other wetlands identified AND within 900m. Mosaic of interconnected wetlands and terrestrial environments No critical habitat identified. No critical habitat identified. Breeding wetlands, as well as Limited potential for breeding Limited potential for breeding adjacent woodland and Critical Habitat Present? and life cycle habitats not and life cycle habitats not meadow habitat identified a present. present. critical habitat.
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5.3.2 Salamanders
One salamander SAR was identified through the background review; Jefferson Salamander, which is designated as endangered both provincially and federally. In order to assess suitability of each habitat for Jefferson Salamander, three areas of potential vernal pooling were assessed for habitat characteristics (Table 5.5) necessary to support this species. Egg mass searches in these vernal pools were also conducted.
Table 5.5: Salamander Habitat Characteristics
Located Egg Aquatic Vernal Predatory Suitability for Jefferson Feature Near Attachment Invertebrates/ Pooling Fish Salamander Woodland Sites Larvae 1 Yes, 20 cm Yes Yes –grasses Unknown No Unsuitable due to depth depth of vernal pooling 2 Yes, 50 cm Yes Yes – grasses Unknown No Suitable depth and shrubs 3 No Yes No Unknown No Unsuitable due to lack of vernal pooling
During egg mass searches, one Spotted Salamander egg mass was identified in Feature 1 – vernal pooling located at the eastern edge of the woodland in the south end of the LAA (Figure 2, Appendix A). No Jefferson Salamander egg masses were observed in the LAA.
Environment Canada’s (2015) Proposed Recovery Strategy for the Jefferson Salamander provides a definition of critical habitat for the species which is based on the habitat regulation under the provincial ESA. The definition identified breeding pools and surrounding foraging, dispersal, migration and hibernation areas as critical habitat. Based on the results of the background review and field studies, no Jefferson Salamander breeding pools were identified within the LAA and as such, no critical habitat for the species has been identified.
5.4 BREEDING BIRDS
In total, 64 species of birds were observed, 57 of which are likely to be breeding in the LAA. Seven species not expected to be breeding within the LAA due to lack of suitable breeding habitat and/or no evidence of breeding were observed: Canada Goose, Wild Turkey, Great Blue Heron, Red-tailed Hawk, Ring-billed Gull, Herring Gull and Cliff Swallow. All species observed are ranked S5 (Secure; common and widespread), or S4 (Apparently secure; uncommon but not rare). S-ranks are determined by NHIC (2015). The surveys did not identify any rare birds in Ontario or specialized habitat such as breeding colonies. Table 5.6 lists all species observed during breeding bird surveys in the LAA.
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Table 5.6: Breeding Bird Survey Summary
Highest Breeding Evidence 4
2 3 Observed1 5 SARA SARO AECOM Stantec Stantec Status Ontario (2013) (2014) (2015) Common Name Scientific Name COSEWIC X X Canada Goose Branta canadensis S5 H Wood Duck Aix sponsa S5 X H X Mallard Anas platyrhynchos S5 X Wild Turkey Meleagris gallopava S5 X X X Great Blue Heron Ardea herodias S5 H Green Heron Butorides virescens S4B X X H Turkey Vulture Cathartes aura S5B X S Northern Harrier Circus cyaneus S4B NAR NAR X Red-tailed Hawk Buteo jamaicensis S5 NAR NAR T A S Killdeer Charadrius vociferus S5B, S5N S S Spotted Sandpiper Actitis macularia S5 X X Ring-billed Gull Larus delawarensis S5B,S4N X Herring Gull Larus argentatus S5B,S5N P Rock Pigeon Columba livia SNA S P Mourning Dove Zenaida macroura S5 X H Ruby-throated Archilochus colubris S5B Hummingbird H Yellow-bellied Sphyrapicus varius S5B Sapsucker S H Downy Woodpecker Picoides pubescens S5 S H H Northern Flicker Colaptes auratus S4B S Eastern Wood-Pewee Contopus virens S4B SC SC T T S Willow Flycatcher Empidonax traillii S5B S Great Crested Myiarchus crinitus S4B Flycatcher T Eastern Phoebe Sayornis phoebe S5B T S A Eastern Kingbird Tyrannus tyrannus S4B T S Warbling Vireo Vireo gilvus S5B S S Red-eyed Vireo Vireo olivaceus S5B S A S Blue Jay Cyanocitta cristata S5 S H American Crow Corvus brachyrhynchos S5B H Common Raven Corvus corax S5 T T S Horned Lark Eremophila alpestris S5B X X Tree Swallow Tachycineta bicolor S4B
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Table 5.6: Breeding Bird Survey Summary
Highest Breeding Evidence 4
2 3 Observed1 5 SARA SARO AECOM Stantec Stantec Status Ontario (2013) (2014) (2015) Common Name Scientific Name COSEWIC X Cliff Swallow Petrochelidon S4B pyrrhonota P X P Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica S4B THR THR S S Black-capped Poecile atricapillus S5 Chickadee S House Wren Troglodytes aedon S5B S A T American Robin Turdus migratorius S5B S T T Gray Catbird Dumetella carolinensis S4B S S S Brown Thrasher Toxostoma rufum S4B S S Northern Mockingbird Mimus polyglottos S4 S X P European Starling Sturnus vulgaris SNA X X S Cedar Waxwing Bombycilla cedrorum S5B S T T Common Yellowthroat Geothlypis trichas S5B T T T Yellow Warbler Setophaga petechia S5B S Yellow-rumped Warbler Dendroica coronata S5B S S Chestnut-sided Warbler Setophaga S5B pensylvanica T P Chipping Sparrow Spizella passerina S5B T Field Sparrow Spizella pusilla S4B T Vesper Sparrow Pooecetes gramineus S4B T A T Savannah Sparrow Passerculus S4B sandwichensis S Grasshopper Sparrow Ammodramus S4B SC SC savannarum A T Song Sparrow Melospiza melodia S5B S S Northern Cardinal Cardinalis cardinalis S5 S Rose-breasted Pheucticus S4B Grosbeak ludovicianus T S S Indigo Bunting Passerina cyanea S4B A D P Bobolink Dolichonyx oryzivorus S4B THR THR T FY FY Red-winged Blackbird Agelaius phoeniceus S4 T A A Eastern Meadowlark Sturnella magna S4B THR THR S X P Common Grackle Quiscalus quiscula S5B S X P Brown-headed Molothrus ater S4B Cowbird S S Baltimore Oriole Icterus galbula S4B
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Table 5.6: Breeding Bird Survey Summary
Highest Breeding Evidence 4
2 3 Observed1 5 SARA SARO AECOM Stantec Stantec Status Ontario (2013) (2014) (2015) Common Name Scientific Name COSEWIC S Purple Finch Carpodacus purpureus S4B S House Finch Haemorhous SNA mexicanus P S P American Goldfinch Carduelis tristis S5B S House Sparrow Passer domesticus SNA Legend: Breeding Evidence Codes - Descriptions 1- Ontario Bird Breeding Atlas Breeding Evidence Codes No Breeding Evidence Observed (Cadman et al. 2007) – see code descriptions in X-Species observed in its breeding season (no evidence of column to the right breeding). Presumed migrants should not be recorded 2 – Ontario Status (NHIC 2015) Possible Breeding Evidence S4: Apparently Secure—Uncommon but not rare H-Species observed in its breeding season in suitable S5: Secure—Common, widespread, and abundant in nesting habitat the province S-Singing male present or breeding calls heard, in its SNA: Not applicable—A conservation status rank is not breeding season in suitable nesting habitat applicable because the species is not a suitable target Probable Breeding Evidence for conservation activities. P-Pair observed in their breeding season in suitable nesting S#S#: Range Rank—A numeric range rank (e.g., S2S3) is habitat used to indicate any range of uncertainty about the T-Permanent territory presumed through registration of status of the species territorial song on at least two days, a week or more apart, S#B- Breeding status rank at the same place S#N- Non Breeding status rank D-Courtship or display between a male and female or two ?: Indicates uncertainty in the assigned rank males, including courtship feeding or copulation 3 – SARO - Species at Risk in Ontario (MNRF 2015) A-Agitated behavior or anxiety calls of an adult 4 – COSEWIC – Committee on the Status of Endangered N-Nest-building or excavation of nest hole Wildlife in Canada, Wildlife Species Assessment (COSEWIC Confirmed Breeding Evidence 2015) FY-Recently fledged young or downy young, including 5 – SARA – Species at Risk Act, List of Wildlife Species at Risk young incapable of sustained flight (Government of Canada 2015) END: Endangered; THR: Threatened; SC: Special Concern; NAR: Not at Risk.
The majority of the species that were identified at the site are designated as migratory birds under the Migratory Birds Convention Act. Habitat for migratory birds within the LAA generally falls into three categories, which are common of agricultural settings:
• Woodlands – The Oak-Maple dominated forest at the south end of the LAA;
• Grassland – Consisting of hay, pasture and cultural meadows as well as some early successional/shrubland areas; and,
• Wetlands – Consisting of meadow marsh habitat.
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These habitat types are shown on Figure 5, Appendix A. The most common species and their densities, as measured by the point count surveys, are summarized in Table 5.7.
Table 5.7: Summary of Breeding Bird Densities of 20 Most Common Species Observed in each Habitat Type, as Measured by the Point Count Surveys.
Woodland Habitat Grassland Habitat Wetland Habitat Species Pairs/10 ha Species Pairs/10 ha Species Pairs/10 ha American Robin 11.1 Red-winged 17.3 Red-winged 12.7 Blackbird Blackbird Red-winged 11.1 Bobolink 10.4 Killdeer 6.4 Blackbird American Goldfinch 8.0 Savannah Sparrow 7.0 Mourning Dove 6.4 Song Sparrow 6.4 American Robin 4.8 Horned Lark 6.4 Eastern Wood- 4.8 Song Sparrow 4.6 Spotted Sandpiper 3.2 Pewee Blue Jay 3.2 Common Grackle 4.4 Song Sparrow 3.2 Black-capped 3.2 European Starling 3.8 Chickadee House Wren 3.2 Eastern Meadowlark 3.4 Field Sparrow 3.2 Mourning Dove 2.4 Mallard 1.6 Cedar Waxwing 2.4 Ruby-throated 1.6 American Goldfinch 2.4 Hummingbird Yellow-bellied 1.6 Brown-headed 2.2 Sapsucker Cowbird Northern Flicker 1.6 Yellow Warbler 2.0 Great Crested 1.6 Horned Lark 1.6 Flycatcher Red-eyed Vireo 1.6 Gray Catbird 1.6 American Crow 1.6 Killdeer 1.4 Gray Catbird 1.6 Mallard 1.0 Cedar Waxwing 1.6 Rock Pigeon 1.0 Chestnut-sided 1.6 Willow Flycatcher 1.0 Warbler Yellow-rumped 1.6 Brown Thrasher 0.6 Warbler
The most commonly observed species in the Woodland Migratory Bird habitat are relatively common and widespread in Ontario. No species were observed that are considered area sensitive (Cadman et al. 2007). Species of Special Concern, specifically Eastern Wood-Pewee
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were observed in the habitat. Presence of species such as Red-winged Blackbird and Song Sparrow are indicative to the woodland with clearings, some of which contained ponds. The Woodland Migratory Bird habitat occurred within the LAA and RAA, but outside of the PDA.
The most commonly observed species in the Grassland Migratory Bird habitat, including Red- winged Blackbird, Bobolink and Savannah Sparrow, are common species of agricultural lands. The grassland habitat also has representation of hedgerow or early successional species, such as Song Sparrow, Yellow Warbler, Gray Catbird and Brown Thrasher. Although not recorded by the point counts, the Northern Harrier, an area sensitive grassland species, was also recorded during breeding bird surveys. Grassland Migratory Bird habitat occurred, in the PDA, LAA and RAA.
Few species were recorded in the Wetland Migratory Bird habitats point counts; likely the result of the small size of these features. The meadow marsh/farm pond composition of these features is indicative of some of the bird species observed, such as Red-winged Blackbird (meadow) and Spotted Sandpiper (pond). Other species observed, such as the Killdeer and Horned Lark are characteristic of the agricultural fields that surround these wetlands. Wetland Migratory Bird habitat occurred in the PDA, LAA and RAA.
Seven bird species with SAR status were identified through the background review as potentially occurring with the LAA. Of these, five were identified during the field investigations.
• Barn Swallow – identified as Threatened federally by the COSEWIC and provincially (not yet listed on a SARA schedule);
− This species was observed in the barn in the western edge of the LAA. Eleven active nests were observed in this barn along the east side of Indian Creek on June 5, 2015. An additional pair of Barn Swallows was observed nesting under the bridge along Tremaine Road at the more southern crossing of Indian Creek (Figure 5, Appendix A). A total of 18 Barn Swallows were observed foraging in the LAA across the 2015 point counts.
• Bobolink – identified as Threatened federally by the COSEWIC and provincially (not yet on a SARA schedule);
− This species was found in the hay and meadow fields in the LAA. Figure 5, Appendix A shows the fields where Bobolink were observed. Within grassland habitat, Bobolink was recorded at a density of 10.4 pairs per ten hectares
• Eastern Meadowlark– ranked Threatened federally by the COSEWIC and provincially (not yet listed on a SARA schedule);
− This species was found in the hay and meadow fields in the LAA. Figure 5, Appendix A shows the fields where Eastern Meadowlark were observed. Within grassland habitat, Eastern Meadowlark was recorded at a density of 3.4 pairs per ten hectares.
• Eastern Wood-Pewee – identified as Special Concern federally by the COSEWIC and provincially (not yet listed on a SARA schedule);
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− This species was observed in the southern woodland (FODM2) in the LAA (Figure 5, Appendix A).
• Grasshopper Sparrow – identified as Special Concern federally by the COSEWIC and provincially (not yet listed on a SARA schedule);
− This species was observed by AECOM in 2013; however, no observations of this species were made in 2014 or 2015. It is assumed that this species is not breeding in the LAA.
No bird species identified through the field surveys are currently listed on a schedule under SARA. As such, no critical habitat for breeding birds has been identified within the LAA or the PDA.
5.5 TURTLE SURVEYS
Two species of turtle were observed in the RAA: Midland Painted Turtle and Snapping Turtle. Four wetland areas had turtle observations, two of which were within the LAA and PDA (Figure 5, Appendix A).
One turtle SAR was identified in the background review: Snapping Turtle, which is ranked special concern both provincially and federally. During the field investigations eight Snapping Turtle observations were made, with three observations made in the PDA, all within the proposed restoration areas. A summary of the turtle survey results is provided in Table 5.8. Locations of the Snapping Turtle habitats are shown in Figure 5, Appendix A.
Table 5.8: Turtle Survey Results
Feature Description of Habitat Occurrences Within PDA SNTU-1 Submerged shallow aquatic feature with duckweed at the 3 Snapping Turtles No surface. Approximate size is 150 m x 75 m, and 0.5 m deep with (basking) muck substrate. Approximately 20 logs and stumps in water for 10 Painted Turtles basking. 500 m to permanent watercourse, and road adjacent (basking) to pond. Gravel road/pile south of pond approximately 500 m long, receives sunlight most of the day, north facing. SNTU-2 Submerged shallow aquatic feature with duckweed at the 2 Snapping Turtles No surface, and graminoid shallow marsh surrounding with a (basking) dogwood thicket to the south. Approximate size is 100 m x 20 m, 11 Painted Turtles and 0.5 m deep with muck substrate. Approximately ten (basking) logs/stumps for basking. Gravel along tracks available for potential nesting, located ~1km away, south facing.
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Table 5.8: Turtle Survey Results
Feature Description of Habitat Occurrences Within PDA SNTU-3 Open aquatic/watercourse with sparse occurrences of marsh 2 Snapping Turtles (in Yes plant species on either side then agricultural lands, creek) approximately 1.2 km long, maximum 0.4 m depth. Varied flow 1 predated turtle nest throughout watercourse, and rocky/muck substrate. Very limited (species unknown, basking opportunities. All areas surrounding creek are culturally located along influenced. northern bank of creek) SNTU-4 Consists of two ponds: one pond with shallow graminoid marsh 1 Snapping Turtle Yes along the edge (cattails and rushes), approximately 75 m x 20 m, (basking) with max depth of 0.25 m (likely too shallow to support turtle 1 Painted Turtle overwintering). Muck substrate. Very limited basking (basking) opportunities and no nesting habitat observed. Second pond is a submerged shallow aquatic feature, approximately eight m x six m with a max depth of 0.5 m. Muck substrate. Very limited basking opportunities observed, and shoreline is a cultural meadow. Gravel shoulder of Tremaine Road the only nearby nesting habitat observed (north facing). All areas surrounding ponds are disturbed by agriculture.
As no threatened or endangered turtle species were identified through the background review or field surveys, no critical habitat for turtle species at risk was identified within the LAA or PDA.
5.6 BAT SURVEYS
The Little Brown Myotis (formerly Little Brown Bat), Northern Myotis (formerly Northern Long-eared Bat) and Tri-coloured Bat (formerly Eastern Pipistrelle) are designated as Endangered by COSEWIC and have recently been added to Schedule 1 of SARA. In Ontario, the Little Brown Myotis and Northern Myotis are listed as Endangered, with the species and their habitats protected under the provincial ESA. The Small-footed Bat is also listed as Endangered in Ontario and protected under the ESA. The status of the Tri-coloured Bat is currently being evaluated in Ontario.
5.6.1 Bat Habitat Assessment
A thorough area search of the LAA was conducted for potential bat maternity colony habitat. Forty-three trees with at least one cavity that were greater than 25 cm dbh were identified in the woodland in the south end of the LAA (Figure 2, Appendix A). This site was identified as a candidate maternity roost habitat, which was further evaluated with acoustic surveys (see Section 5.6.2).
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The deciduous thicket community located just north of the intersection of Lower Base Line Road and Tremaine Road had eight trees over 25 cm dbh. Based on the small number of large diameter trees, it was not considered candidate maternity roost habitat (MNR 2011).
5.6.2 Bat Acoustic Surveys
Seven bat calls were recorded in the woodland located in the south end of the LAA (Figure 2, Appendix A); all during the June 23, 2015 survey. Six of the calls were identified as Little Brown Myotis. In addition, a single low-frequency call was also recorded, which is characteristic of either Big Brown Bat (S5 - Secure; common and widespread, no SAR status) or Silver-haired Bat (S4 - Apparently secure; uncommon but not rare, no SAR status), neither of which are species at risk.
The six Little Brown Myotis calls were recorded over a one minute period, between 9:46 p.m. and 9:47 p.m. and likely represented a single individual. Nautical twilight on this date ended at 9:27 p.m., which suggests that the bat left its roost approximately 20 minutes before being detected in the woodland. As such, the occurrence is not considered evidence of a maternity roost.
Results of the field surveys identified the presence of one federally endangered bat species, the Little Brown Myotis, which was added to Schedule 1 under SARA through an emergency order in December 2014. A recovery strategy or critical habitat definition for the species has not yet been developed. Regardless, no significant habitat components (i.e., maternity colony or hibernacula) have been identified through the background review or field surveys. As such, no critical habitat for the species has been identified within the LAA or PDA.
5.7 SNAKE HABITAT ASSESSMENT AND AREA SEARCHES
The Eastern Milksnake is listed as Special Concern by COSEWIC and is listed on Schedule I of the SARA. In Ontario, this species is considered a provincial species of Special Concern under the ESA, and may be up-listed provincially in the near future. Eastern Milksnake occurs throughout southern Ontario and is considered uncommon and local throughout its range (Lamond 1994). The Eastern Milksnake is frequently reported in and around buildings, especially old structures.
Area searches for habitat features and observations of Eastern Milksnake were conducted in the LAA. No specialized snake habitat components, such as potential hibernacula or nesting sites were observed during area searches for this habitat type or incidentally during other field surveys. No snakes were observed during area searches throughout the LAA or PDA.
While no snakes were observed during the various surveys, it is likely that snakes are present within this agricultural environment (Ontario Nature 2013). However, they are not considered to occur in high concentrations based on the habitat features present and the results of field surveys.
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As no threatened or endangered snake species were identified through the background review or field surveys, no critical habitat for snake species at risk was identified within the LAA or PDA.
A list of the wildlife species recorded during the various surveys is provided in Appendix C.
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6.0 CONCLUSION
The following conclusions have been made based on observations over the course of multiple site visits completed in 2013, 2014, and 2015. Surveys completed during the 2013 site visits included the identification and classification of vegetation communities at the site using ELC for Southern Ontario (Lee et al. 1998), amphibian surveys and breeding bird surveys. The potential habitat for SAR were also identified and further investigated through targeted habitat assessments for grassland breeding birds, bat habitat assessments and snake habitat searches completed in 2014. ELC, botanical, amphibian, breeding bird, turtle, and bat surveys were conducted by Stantec in 2015 to update and assess the full LAA.
The following SAR and their habitats were observed in the LAA:
• Snapping Turtle – designated as special concern under the SARA and ESA – observed in the PDA and LAA;
• Eastern Wood-Pewee – designated special concern under the ESA and by COSEWIC (has not been added to a SARA schedule) – observed in the LAA but not in the PDA;
• Barn Swallow – designated as threatened under the ESA and by COSEWIC (has not been added to a SARA schedule) – observed in the PDA and LAA;
• Bobolink – designated as threatened under the ESA and by COSEWIC (has not been added to a SARA schedule) – observed in the PDA and LAA;
• Eastern Meadowlark – designated as threatened under the ESA and by COSEWIC (has not been added to a SARA schedule) – observed in the PDA and LAA; and,
• Little Brown Myotis – designated as endangered under the SARA and ESA – observed in the LAA, but not in the PDA.
Other SAR identified through the background review, including Butternut, Grasshopper Sparrow, Wood Thrush, Chimney Swift, Eastern Milksnake, Western Chorus Frog, Jefferson Salamander, Northern Myotis, Small-footed Myotis and Tri-coloured Bat were not recorded within the LAA during field surveys.
Critical habitat for one SAR – Western Chorus Frog – was identified within the LAA. Although the species was not observed during field surveys, critical habitat for the Western Chorus Frog was identified in a forest and wetland complex at the south end of the LAA, as defined in the species federal recovery strategy. No critical habitat for SAR was identified within the PDA, and no critical habitat for any other SAR was identified in the LAA. Results of the breeding bird surveys confirmed habitat was present for grassland and wetland migratory birds within the PDA. Woodland migratory bird habitat was present within the LAA, but outside of the PDA.
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The results presented in this report are accurate as of the date of the individual surveys and data collection.
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References December 7, 2015
7.0 REFERENCES
AECOM. 2013a. Toronto West Terminal Environmental Investigation Study. Prepared for Canadian National Railway Company.
AECOM. 2013b. Toronto West Terminal Environmental Reconnaissance Study. Prepared for Canadian National Railway Company.
Bird Studies Canada. 1994. Marsh Monitoring Program Protocol.
Bird Studies Canada. 2003. The Marsh Monitoring Program – Training Kit and Instructions for Surveying Marsh Birds, Amphibians and Their Habitats. 2003 Edition. 40 pages. Published by Bird Studies Canada in cooperation with Environment Canada and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. March 2003.
Cadman, M.D., D.A. Sutherland, G.G. Beck, D. Lepage, and A.R. Couturier (eds). 2007. Atlas of the Breeding Birds of Ontario 2001- 2005. Bird Studies Canada, Environment Canada, Ontario Field Ornithologists, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, and Ontario Nature, Toronto. 448 pp.
Canadian Environmental Assessment Agency. 2015. Guidelines for the Preparation of an Environmental Impact Statement pursuant to the Canadian Environmental Assessment Act, 2012 – Milton Logistics Hub Project, Canadian National Railway Company. July 2015.
Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC). 2015. Species information. Available online at: http://www.cosewic.gc.ca/eng/sct5/index_e.cfm.
Conservation Halton. 2002. Bronte Creek Watershed Study.
Conservation Halton. 2009. Bronte Creek and Supplemental Monitoring Study.
Dobbyn, J. 1994. Atlas of the Mammals of Ontario. Federation of Ontario Naturalists.
Eder, T. 2002. Mammals of Ontario. Lone Pine Publishing, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. pp. 184.
Environment Canada. 2014. Recovery Strategy for the Western Chorus Frog (Pseudacris triseriata), Great Lakes / St. Lawrence – Canadian Shield Population, in Canada [Proposed], Species at Risk Act Recovery Strategy Series, Environment Canada, Ottawa, v + 46 pp.
Environment Canada. 2015. Recovery Strategy for the Jefferson Salamander (Ambystoma jeffersonianum), in Canada [Proposed], Species at Risk Act Recovery Strategy Series, Environment Canada, Ottawa.
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Government of Canada. 2015. Species at Risk Public Registry. Last accessed June 2015. Available online at: http://www.registrelep-SARAregistry.gc.ca/species/default_e.cfm.
Halton Region. 2014. Interim Office Consolidation of the Regional Official Plan. Last accessed on June 25, 2015. Available online at: http://www.halton.ca/cms/One.aspx?portalId=8310&pageId=115808.
Lamond, William G. 1994. The Reptiles and Amphibians of the Hamilton Area, An Historical Summary and the Results of the Hamilton Herpetofaunal Atlas. Hamilton Naturalists’ Club. 174 pp.
Land Information Ontario (LIO). 2015. Digital mapping of natural heritage features. Available online at: http://www.MNRF.gov.on.ca/en/business/lio/index.html. Accessed May 2015.
Lee, H.T., W.D., Bakowsky, J. Riley, Bowles, M. Puddister, P. Uhig, and S. McMurray. 1998. Ecological Land Classification for Southern Ontario: First Approximation and its Application. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Southcentral Science Section, Science Development and Transfer Branch. SCSS Field Guide FG-02.
Newmaster, S.G., A. Lehela, P.W.C. Uhlig, S. McMurray, and M. J. Oldham. 1998. Ontario plant list. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Ontario Forest Research Institute. Sault Ste. Marie, ON, Forest Research Information Paper No. 123. 550 pp. + appendices.
Natural Heritage Information Centre (NHIC). 2010. Element summary for plants, wildlife and vegetation communities. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Peterborough. Available online at: http://www.biodiversityexplorer.mnr.gov.on.ca/nhicWEB/mainSubmit.do.
Natural Heritage Information Centre (NHIC). 2015. Natural Areas and Species records search. Biodiversity explorer. Available online at: http:/nhic.mnr.gov.on.ca. MNR, Peterborough. Accessed May 2015.
Oldham, M. J., W. D. Bakowsky, and D. A. Sutherland. 1995. Floristic quality assessment system for southern Ontario. Natural Heritage Information Centre, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources. Peterborough, Ontario. 23 pages + checklist for southern Ontario.
Olson C.R. and R.M.R Barclay. 2013. Concurrent changes in group size and roost use by reproductive female little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus). Canadian Journal of Zoology. 91:149.155.
Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources (MNR). 2000. Significant Wildlife Habitat Technical Guide. 151 pp. ISBN 0-7794-0262-6-6.
Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources (MNR). 2011. Bats and Bat Habitats: Guidelines For Wind Power Projects. 24 pp.
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Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry (MNRF). 2015. Species at Risk in Ontario (SARO) List. Available: http://www.ontario.ca/environment-and-energy/species-risk-ontario-list
Ontario Nature. 2013. Reptiles and Amphibians of Ontario. Last accessed May 2015. Available online at: http://www.ontarionature.org/protect/species/reptiles_and_amphibians/index.php.
Reznicek, A. A., E. G. Voss, and B. S. Walters. 2011. Michigan Flora Online. University of Michigan. Last accessed on June 28, 2015. Available online at: http://michiganflora.net/family.aspx?id=CORNACEAE
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APPENDIX A: FIGURES
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MILTON LOGISTICS HUB - TECHNICAL DATA REPORT TERRESTRIAL (APPENDIX E.16)
APPENDIX B: BOTANICAL LIST
File No. 160960844
List of Plant Species Recorded for the Milton Logistics Hub
SPECIES COEFFICIENT OF WETLAND PLANT WEEDINESS PROVINCIAL COSEWIC LOCAL STATUS COMMON NAME CONSERVATISM WETNESS INDEX SPECIES INDEX STATUS SARO STATUS STATUS HALTON CODE AUTHOR
AECOM Stantec spring - Stantec summer - LATIN NAME
PTERIDOPHYTES FERNS & ALLIES
Dryopteridaceae Wood Fern Family x Dryopteris carthusiana Spinulose Wood Fern 5 -2 T S5 X DRYCART (Vill.) H.P. Fuchs x Polystichum acrostichoides Christmas Fern 5 5 S5 X GYMBRIT (Michx.) Schott
Equisetaceae Horsetail Family xx Equisetum arvense Field Horsetail 0 0 T S5 X EQUARVE L.
Onocleaceae Sensitive Fern Family x Onoclea sensibilis Sensitive Fern 4 -3 I S5 X ONOSENS L.
GYMNOSPERMS CONIFERS
Pinaceae Pine Family xxxPinus strobus Eastern White Pine 4 3 T S5 X PINSTRO L. xxPinus sylvestris Scotch Pine 5 -3 SE5 X PINSYLV L.
DICOTYLEDONS DICOTS
Anacardiaceae Sumac or Cashew Family xx Rhus typhina Staghorn Sumac 1 5 S5 X RHUTYPH L. xx Toxicodendron rydbergii Poison-ivy 0 0 S5 X TOXRADI (Small ex Rydberg) Erskine
Apiaceae Carrot or Parsley Family x Aegopodium podagraria Goutweed 0 -3 SE5 X AEGPODA L. xxxDaucus carota Wild Carrot 5 -2 SE5 X DAUCARO L.
Apocynaceae Dogbane Family xxxAsclepias syriaca Common Milkweed 0 5 S5 X ASCSYRI L.
x Araliaceae Ginseng Family x Aralia nudicaulis Wild Sarsaparilla 4 3 S5 X ARANUDI L.
Asteraceae Composite or Aster Family x Achillea millefolium ssp. millefolium Yarrow 3 -1 SE? X ACHMIMI L. xxxAmbrosia artemisiifolia Common Ragweed 0 3 S5 X AMBARTE L. xxxArctium minus Common Burdock 5 -2 SE5 X ARCMINU (Hill) Bernh. xxBidens frondosa Devil's Beggar-ticks 3 -3 I S5 X BIDFRON L. x Bidens vulgata Tall Beggar-ticks 5 -3 T S5 U BIDVULG Greene xxCichorium intybus Chicory 5 -1 SE5 X CICINTY L. xxxCirsium arvense Canada Thistle 3 -1 SE5 X CIRARVE (L.) Scop. xxCirsium vulgare Bull Thistle 4 -1 SE5 X CIRVULG (Savi) Ten. x Cota tinctoria Yellow Chamomille 5 -1 SE1 X COTTINC L. x Erigeron annuus Annual Fleabane 0 1 S5 ERIANNU (L.) Pers.
Aristolochiaceae Duchman's-pipe Family xx Erigeron philadelphicus Philadelphia Fleabane 1 -3 T S5 X ERIPHIL L. x Eurybia macrophylla Large-leaved Aster 5 5 S5 X EURMACR (L.) Cassini xxxEuthamia graminifolia Grass-leaved Goldenrod 2 -2 S5 X EUTGRAM (L.) Nutt. x Eutrochium maculatum Spotted Joe-pye-weed 3 -5 I S5 X EUTMACU L. xxxInula helenium Elecampane 5 T -2 SE5 X INUHELE L. x Lapsana communis Nipplewort 5 -2 SE5 X LAPCOMM L.
Stantec Consulting Ltd. Page 1 of 7 List of Plant Species Recorded for the Milton Logistics Hub
SPECIES COEFFICIENT OF WETLAND PLANT WEEDINESS PROVINCIAL COSEWIC LOCAL STATUS COMMON NAME CONSERVATISM WETNESS INDEX SPECIES INDEX STATUS SARO STATUS STATUS HALTON CODE AUTHOR
AECOM Stantec spring - Stantec summer - LATIN NAME x Lactuca species Lettuce species x Leucanthemum vulgare Ox-eye Daisy 5 -1 SE5 X LEUVULG Lam. x Matricaria discoidea Pineapple-weed SE5 X MATDISC DC. xxSolidago altissima Tall Goldenrod 1 3 S5 X SOLALTI L. xxSolidago canadensis Canada Goldenrod 1 3 S5 X SOLCANA L. x Solidago flexicaulis Zig-zag Goldenrod 6 3 S5 X SOLFLEX L. xxSolidago gigantea Giant Goldenrod 4 -3 T S5 U SOLGIGA Aiton x Solidago juncea Early Goldenrod 3 5 S5 U SOLJUNC Aiton xxSonchus arvensis ssp. arvensis Field Sow-thistle SE5 X SONARAR L. x Symphyotrichum ericoides var. ericoides Heath Aster S5 X SYMERER (L.) G.L. Nesom xxxSymphyotrichum lanceolatum ssp. lanceolatum Panicled Aster 3 -3 I S5 X SYMLANC (Willdenow) G.L. Nesom x Symphyotrichum lateriflorum var. lateriflorum Calico Aster 3 -2 T S5 X SYMLATE (L.) Á. Löve & D. Löve xx Symphyotrichum novae-angliae New England Aster 2 -3 S5 X SYMNOVA (L.) G.L. Nesom x Taraxacum officinale Common Dandelion 3 -2 SE5 X TAROFFI G. Weber xxTragopogon dubius Doubtful Goat's-beard 5 -1 SE5 X TRADUBI Scop. x Tragopogon pratensis Meadow Goat's-beard 5 -1 SE5 X TRAPRAT L.
Balsaminaceae Touch-me-not Family xxxImpatiens capensis Spotted Touch-me-not 4 -3 I S5 X IMPCAPE Meerb.
Berberidaceae Barberry Family x Podophyllum peltatum May-apple 5 3 S5 X PODPELT L.
Betulaceae Birch Family x Ostrya virginiana Hop Hornbeam / Ironwood 4 4 S5 X OSTVIRG (Miller) K. Koch
Boraginaceae Borage Family x Echium vulgare Blueweed 5 -2 SE5 X ECHVULG L. x Hydrophyllum virginianum Virginia Water-leaf 6 -2 S5 X HYDVIRG L.
Brassicaceae Mustard Family xx Alliaria petiolata Garlic Mustard 0 -3 SE5 X ALLPETI (M. Bieb.) Cavara & Grande xx Hesperis matronalis Dame's Rocket 5 -3 SE5 X HESMATR L.
Caprifoliaceae Honeysuckle Family x Lonicera dioica Glaucous Honeysuckle 5 3 S5 X LONDIOI L. xxxLonicera tatarica Tartarian Honeysuckle 3 -3 SE5 X LONTATA L.
Caryophyllaceae Pink Family xxDianthus armeria Deptford Pink 5 -1 SE5 X DIAARME L. x Stellaria graminea Grass-leaved Stitchwort 5 T -2 SE5 X STEGRAM L.
Celastraceae Staff-tree Family xxEuonymus obovata Running Strawberry-bush 6 5 S5 X EUOOBOV Nutt.
Convolvulaceae Morning-glory Family x Calystegia sepium ssp. angulatum Hedge Bindweed SU CALSEAN (L.) R. Br.
Cornaceae Dogwood Family xxxCornus foemina ssp. racemosa Red Panicled Dogwood 2 -2 T S5 X CORFORA Miller xx Cornus sericea Red-osier Dogwood 2 -3 I* S5 X CORSERI Michx.
Cucurbitaceae Gourd Family xxxEchinocystis lobata Prickly Cucumber 3 -2 T S5 X ECHLOBA (Michx.) Torr. & A. Gray
Stantec Consulting Ltd. Page 2 of 7 List of Plant Species Recorded for the Milton Logistics Hub
SPECIES COEFFICIENT OF WETLAND PLANT WEEDINESS PROVINCIAL COSEWIC LOCAL STATUS COMMON NAME CONSERVATISM WETNESS INDEX SPECIES INDEX STATUS SARO STATUS STATUS HALTON CODE AUTHOR
AECOM Stantec spring - Stantec summer - LATIN NAME
Dipsacaceae Teasel Family xxxDipsacus fullonum Wild Teasel 5 -1 SE5 X DIPFULL L.
Euphorbiaceae Spurge Family x Euphorbia esula Leafy Spurge 5 -2 SE5 X EUPESUL L.
Fabaceae Pea Family xxAmphicarpaea bracteata Hog Peanut 4 0 T S5 X AMPBRAC (L.) Fern. x Coronilla varia Variable Crown-vetch 5 -2 SE5 X CORVARI L. xxxLotus corniculatus Bird's-foot Trefoil 1 -2 SE5 X LOTCORN L. xxMedicago sativa ssp. sativa Alfalfa 5 -1 SE5 X MEDSASA L. xxMelilotus alba White Sweet-clover 3 -3 SE5 X MELALBA Medik. x Melilotus officinalis Yellow Sweet-clover 3 -1 SE5 X MELOFFI (L.) Pall. x Robinia pseudo-acacia Black Locust 4 -3 SE5 X ROBPSEU L. xxTrifolium hybridum ssp. elegans Alsike Clover 1 -1 SE5 X TRIHYBR L. x Trifolium pratense Red Clover 2 -2 SE5 X TRIPRAT L. xxxVicia cracca Tufted Vetch 5 -1 SE5 X VICCRAC L.
Fagaceae Beech Family x Fagus grandifolia American Beech 6 3 S5 X FAGGRAN Ehrh. x Quercus alba White Oak 6 3 S5 X QUEALBA L. xx Quercus macrocarpa Bur Oak 5 1 T S5 X QUEMACR Michx. xx Quercus rubra Red Oak 6 3 S5 X QUERUBR L.
Geraniaceae Geranium Family x Geranium maculatum Wild Geranium 6 3 S5 X GERMACU L. xxGeranium robertianum Herb-robert 5 -2 SE5 X GERROBE L.
Grossulariaceae Currant Family x Ribes cynosbati Prickly Gooseberry 4 5 S5 X RIBCYNO L.
Hypericaceae St. John's-wort Family x Hypericum perforatum Common St. John's-wort 5 -3 SE5 X HYPPERF L.
Juglandaceae Walnut Family x Carya cordiformis Bitternut hickory 6 0 S5 X CARCORD (Wangenh.) K. Koch xx Carya ovata Shagbark Hickory 6 3 T S5 X CAROVAT (Miller) K. Koch xx Juglans nigra Black Walnut 5 3 S4 X JUGNIGR L.
Lamiaceae Mint Family x Galeopsis speciosa Hemp-nettle SE1 GLEHEDE Miller xxxLycopus americanus Cut-leaved Water-horehound 4 -5 I S5 X LYCAMER Muhlenb. ex Bartram x Lycopus uniflorus Northern Water-horehound 5 -5 I S5 X LYCUNIF Michx. x Leonurus cardiaca Motherwort 5 -2 SE5 X LEOCARD L. x Monarda fistulosa Wild Bergamot 6 3 S5 X MONFIST L.
Lythraceae Loosestrife Family xxxLythrum salicaria Purple Loosestrife -5 I -3 SE5 X LYTSALI L. xxLythrum hyssopifolia Hyssop-leaved Loosestrife T SE1 LYTHYSS L.
Malvaceae Mallow Family x Tilia americana Basswood 4 3 S5 X TILAMER L.
Stantec Consulting Ltd. Page 3 of 7 List of Plant Species Recorded for the Milton Logistics Hub
SPECIES COEFFICIENT OF WETLAND PLANT WEEDINESS PROVINCIAL COSEWIC LOCAL STATUS COMMON NAME CONSERVATISM WETNESS INDEX SPECIES INDEX STATUS SARO STATUS STATUS HALTON CODE AUTHOR
AECOM Stantec spring - Stantec summer - LATIN NAME
Moraceae Mulberry Family x Morus alba White Mulberry 0 -3 SE5 X MORALBA L.
Myrsinaceae Myrsine Family xxLysimachia nummularia Moneywort -4 -3 SE5 X LYSNUMM L.
Oleaceae Olive Family x Fraxinus nigra Black Ash 7 -4 I S5 X FRANIGR Marshall xx Fraxinus pennsylvanica Green / Red Ash 3 -3 T S5 X FRAPENN Marshall
Onagraceae Evening-primrose Family xxxCircaea canadensis Enchanter's Nightshade 3 3 S5 X CIRCANA L. x Epilobium hirsutum Great Hairy Willow-herb -4 I -2 SE5 X EPIHIRS L. xxOenothera biennis Common Evening-primrose 0 3 S5 ? OENBIEN L.
Oxalidaceae Wood Sorrel Family xxOxalis stricta Yellow Wood-sorrel 0 3 S5 X OXASTRI L.
Papaveraceae Poppy Family x Sanguinaria canadensis Bloodroot 5 4 S5 X SANCANA L.
Phrymaceae Lopseed Family x Mimulus ringens Square-stemmed Monkey-flower 6 -5 I S5 U MIMRING L.
Plantaginaceae Plantain Family xxxLinaria vulgaris Butter-and-eggs 5 -1 SE5 X LINVULG Miller x Veronica officinalis Common Speedwell 5 -2 SE5 X VEROFFI L.
Polygonaceae Smartweed Family x Persicaria lapathifolia Pale Smartweed 2 -4 T S5 U PERLAPA (L.) Gray x Persicaria pensylvanica Pennsylvania Smartweed 3 -4 I S5 U PERPENS (L.) M. Gómez de la Maza xxRumex crispus Curly-leaf Dock -1 T -2 SE5 X RUMCRIS L.
Ranunculaceae Buttercup Family xxAnemone canadensis Canada Anemone 3 -3 T S5 X ANECANA L. x Anemone quinquefolia Wood Anemone 7 0 S5 X ANEQUIN L. x Ranunculus abortivus Kidney-leaf Buttercup 2 -2 S5 X RANABOR L. xxRanunculus acris Tall Buttercup T -2 SE5 X RANACRI L. x Ranunculus recurvatus Hooked Buttercup 4 -3 S5 X RANRECU Poir. x Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup -1 -1 SE5 X RANREPE L.
Rhamnaceae Buckthorn Family xxxRhamnus cathartica Common Buckthorn 3 T -3 SE5 X RHACATH L.
Rosaceae Rose Family x Amelanchier species Juneberry species xxxCrataegus sp. Hawthorn species x Crataegus punctata Large-fruited Thorn 4 5 S5 X CRAPUNC Jacq. x Fragaria vesca Woodland Strawberry 4 4 S5 X FRAVESC L. xxxFragaria virginiana Wild Strawberry 2 1 S5 X FRAVIRG Miller xxGeum aleppicum Yellow Avens 2 -1 T S5 X GEUALEP Jacq. xx Malus pumila Common Crabapple 5 -1 SE5 X MALPUMI Miller xxPotentilla recta Rough-fruited Cinquefoil 5 -2 SE5 X POTRECT L.
Stantec Consulting Ltd. Page 4 of 7 List of Plant Species Recorded for the Milton Logistics Hub
SPECIES COEFFICIENT OF WETLAND PLANT WEEDINESS PROVINCIAL COSEWIC LOCAL STATUS COMMON NAME CONSERVATISM WETNESS INDEX SPECIES INDEX STATUS SARO STATUS STATUS HALTON CODE AUTHOR
AECOM Stantec spring - Stantec summer - LATIN NAME x Prunus armeniaca Apricot SE PRUARME x Prunus serotina Black Cherry 3 3 S5 X PRUSERO Ehrh. x Prunus virginiana Choke Cherry 2 1 S5 X PRUVIRG L. x Pyrus communis Common Pear 5 -1 SE4 X PYRCOMM L. xxxRubus idaeus ssp. idaeus Red Raspberry SE1 X RUBIDID L. x Rubus strigosus Wild Red Raspberry 0 -2 S5 X RUBSTRI (Michaux) Focke xxRubus occidentalis Thimble-berry 2 5 S5 X RUBOCCI L.
Rubiaceae Madder Family x Galium palustre Marsh Bedstraw 5 -5 I S5 X GALPALU L. x Galium triflorum Sweet-scented Bedstraw 4 2 S5 X GALTRIF Michx.
Salicaceae Willow Family xx Populus deltoides ssp. deltoides Eastern Cottonwood 4 -1 T SU POPDEDE Bartram ex Marshall x Populus tremuloides Trembling Aspen 0 T S5 X POPTREM Michx. x Salix sp. Willow species x Salix amygdaloides Peach-leaved Willow 6 -3 T S5 X SALAMYG Anderss. x Salix discolor Pussy Willow 3 -3 I S5 X SALDISC Muhlenb. xxSalix eriocephala Missouri Willow 4 -3 T S5 X SALERIO Michx. xx Salix interior Sandbar Willow 3 -5 T S5 X SALINTE Rowlee
Sapindaceae Maple Family xxxAcer negundo Manitoba Maple 0 -2 T S5 X ACENEGU L. x Acer rubrum Red Maple 4 0 T S5 X ACERUBR L. x Acer saccharinum Silver Maple 5 -3 I S5 X ACESACI L. x Acer saccharum Sugar Maple 4 3 S5 X ACESACC Marshall x Acer X freemanii Freeman's / Swamp Maple I S4? X ACEFREE E. Murr.
Scrophulariaceae Figwort Family xxVerbascum thapsus Common Mullein 5 -2 SE5 X VERTHAP L.
Simaroubaceae Ailanthus Family x Ailanthus altissima Tree-of-heaven 5 -1 SE5 X AILALTI (Miller) Swingle
Solanaceae Nightshade Family xxxSolanum dulcamara Bitter Nightshade 0 T -2 SE5 X SOLDULC L.
Ulmaceae Elm Family xxxUlmus americana White Elm 3 -2 T S5 X ULMAMER L.
Urticaceae Nettle Family x Boehmeria cylindrica False Nettle 4 -5 I S5 X BOECYLI (L.) Sw. x Pilea fontana Spring Clearweed 5 -3 I S4 U PILFONT (Lunnell) Rydb. x Urtica dioica ssp. dioica European Stinging Nettle -1 -1 SE2 X URTDIDI L. xxUrtica dioica ssp. gracilis American Stinging Nettle 2 -1 T S5 X URTDIGR L.
Verbenaceae Vervain Family xxVerbena hastata Blue Vervain 4 -4 I S5 X VERHAST L.
Violaceae Violet Family x Viola species Violet speces
Stantec Consulting Ltd. Page 5 of 7 List of Plant Species Recorded for the Milton Logistics Hub
SPECIES COEFFICIENT OF WETLAND PLANT WEEDINESS PROVINCIAL COSEWIC LOCAL STATUS COMMON NAME CONSERVATISM WETNESS INDEX SPECIES INDEX STATUS SARO STATUS STATUS HALTON CODE AUTHOR
AECOM Stantec spring - Stantec summer - LATIN NAME
Vitaceae Grape Family xxxParthenocissus inserta Inserted Virginia-creeper 3 3 S5 X PARINSE (A. Kern.) Fritsch xx Vitis riparia Riverbank Grape 0 -2 S5 X VITRIPA Michx.
MONOCOTYLEDONS MONOCOTS
Alismataceae Water-plantain Family x Alisma triviale Northern Water-plantain 3 -5 I S5 X ALITRIV L.
Araceae Arum Family xxArisaema triphyllum Jack-in-the-pulpit 5 -2 T S5 X ARITRIP (L.) Schott x Lemna minor Lesser Duckweed 2 -5 I S5 X LEMMINO L.
Convallariaceae x Maianthemum racemosum False Solomon's Seal 4 3 S5 X MAIRACE (L.) Link x Maianthemum stellatum Star-flowered Solomon's Seal 6 1 S5 X MAISTEL (L.) Link
Cyperaceae Sedge Family x Bolboschoenus fluviatilis River Bulrush 7 -5 I S4S5 R1 BOLFLUV (Torrey) Soják x Carex bebbii Bebb's Sedge 3 -5 I S5 X CARBEBB (L.H. Bailey) Olney ex Fern. x Carex crinita var. crinita Fringed Sedge 6 -4 I S5 U CARCRCR Lam. x Carex gracillima Graceful Sedge 4 3 T S5 X CARGRAC Schwein. x Carex lupulina Hop Sedge 6 -5 I S5 CARLUPU Muhlenb. ex Willd. x Carex molesta Troublesome Sedge 5 2 T S4? U CARMOLE Mack. x Carex pensylvanica Pennsylvania Sedge 5 5 S5 X CARPENS Lam. x Carex rosea Stellate Sedge 5 5 S5 X CARROSE Schkuhr ex Willd. x Carex sparganioides Burreed Sedge 5 0 S5 X CARSPAR Muhlenb. ex Willd. x Carex spicata Spiked Sedge 5 -1 SE5 X CARSPIC Hudson x Carex stipata var. stipata Awl-fruited Sedge 3 -5 I S5 X CARSTIP Muhlenb. ex Willd. xx Carex vulpinoidea Fox Sedge 3 -5 I S5 X CARVULP Michx. x Cyperus esculentus var. leptostachyus Yellow Nut-grass 1 -3 T S5 X CYPESCU Boeckeler x Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani Soft-stemmed Bulrush 5 -5 I S5 X SCHTABE (K.C. Gmel.) Palla
Iridaceae Iris Family x Iris pseudacorus Yellow Iris -5 I -2 SE3 X IRIPSEU L. x Iris versicolor Multi-coloured Blue-flag 5 -5 I S5 X IRIVERS L.
Juncaceae Rush Family xx Juncus effusus ssp. solutus Soft Rush 4 -5 I S5 X JUNEFFU L.
Liliaceae Lily Family x Asparagus officinalis Garden Asparagus 3 -1 SE5 X ASPOFFI L. x Erythronium americanum Yellow Trout-lily 5 5 S5 X ERYAMER Ker Gawl. x Hemerocallis fulva Orange Day-lily 5 -3 SE5 X HEMFULV (L.) L. x Lilium michiganense Michigan Lily 7 -1 T S5 X LILMICH Farw. x Lilium philadelphicum Wood Lily 8 1 S5 R2 LILPHIL L.
Poaceae Grass Family x Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail -3 -1 SE5 X ALOPRAT L. xx Bromus inermis Awnless Brome 5 -3 SE5 X BROINER Leyss. xxDactylis glomerata Orchard Grass 3 -1 SE5 X DACGLOM L. x Echinochloa crus-galli Common Barnyard Grass -3 T -1 SE5 X ECHCRUS (L.) P. Beauv. x Leersia oryzoides Rice Cut Grass 3 -5 I S5 X LEEORYZ (L.) Sw.
Stantec Consulting Ltd. Page 6 of 7 List of Plant Species Recorded for the Milton Logistics Hub
SPECIES COEFFICIENT OF WETLAND PLANT WEEDINESS PROVINCIAL COSEWIC LOCAL STATUS COMMON NAME CONSERVATISM WETNESS INDEX SPECIES INDEX STATUS SARO STATUS STATUS HALTON CODE AUTHOR
AECOM Stantec spring - Stantec summer - LATIN NAME x Elymus canadensis Canada Wild Rye 8 1 S4S5 U ELYCANA L. x Elymus repens Quack Grass 3 -3 SE5 X ELYREPE (L.) Gould x Eragrostis spectabilis Purple Love Grass 6 5 S4 ERASPEC (Pursh) Steud. x Glyceria canadensis Rattlesnake Grass 7 -5 I S4S5 R2 GLYCANA (Michx.) Trin. xxGlyceria striata Fowl Meadow Grass 3 -5 I S5 X GLYSTRI (Lam.) A. Hitchc. xx Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary Grass 0 -4 T S5 X PHAARUN L. xx Phleum pratense Timothy 3 -1 SE5 X PHLPRAT L. xxxPhragmites australis ssp. australis European Reed T SNR PHRAUAU (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. xx Poa pratensis ssp. pratensis Kentucky Bluegrass 0 1 S5 X POAPRPR L.
Trilliaceae Trillium Family x Trillium grandiflorum White Trillium 5 5 S5 X TRIGRAN (Michx.) Salisb.
Typhaceae Cattail Family x Typha angustifolia Narrow-leaved Cattail 3 -5 I S5 X TYPANGU L. xxxTypha latifolia Broad-leaved Cattail 3 -5 I S5 X TYPLATI L.
FLORISTIC SUMMARY & ASSESSMENT
Species Diversity Total Species: 193 Native Species: 124 64% Exotic Species 69 36% Locally Significant Species enter manually S1-S3 Species rare in Ontario 00% S4 Species uncommon in Ontario 87% S5 Species common in Ontario 114 93%
Co-efficient of Conservatism (C) and Floristic Quality Index (FQI) mean C 3.7 C 0 to 3 lowest sensitivity 52 43% C 4 to 6 moderate sensitivity 61 51% C 7 to 8 high sensitivity 76% C 9 to 10 highest sensitivity 00% FQI 41
Presence of Weedy & Invasive Species mean weediness -1.8 weediness = -1 low potential invasiveness 26 42% weediness = -2 moderate potential invasiveness 21 34% weediness = -3 high potential invasiveness 15 24%
Presence of Wetland (W) Species average wetness value 0.7 upland W of 5 46 25% facultative upland W of 4, 3 or 2 43 24% facultative W of 1, 0 or -1 29 16% facultative wetland W of -2, -3 or -4 40 22% obligate wetland W of -5 24 13% Total Wetland Tolerant (T) Plant Species as identified in OWES Manual 40 Total Wetland Indicator (I) Plant Species as identified in OWES Manual 37
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MILTON LOGISTICS HUB - TECHNICAL DATA REPORT TERRESTRIAL (APPENDIX E.16)
APPENDIX C: WILDLIFE LIST
File No. 160960844
List of Wildlife Species Recorded for Milton Logistics Hub
ONTARIO COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME STATUS COSSARO COSEWIC
AMPHIBIANS Spotted Salamander Ambystoma maculatum S4 American Toad Anaxyrus americanus S5 Tetraploid Gray Treefrog Hyla versicolor S5 Spring Peeper Pseudacris crucifer S5 Northern Green Frog Lithobates clamitans S5 Northern Leopard Frog Lithobates pipiens S5 NAR NAR
REPTILES Snapping Turtle Chelydra serpentina S3 SC SC Midland Painted Turtle Chrysemys picta marginata S5
BIRDS Canada Goose Branta canadensis S5 Wood Duck Aix sponsa S5 Mallard Anas platyrhynchos S5 Wild Turkey Meleagris gallopava S5 Great Blue Heron Ardea herodias S5 Green Heron Butorides virescens S4B Turkey Vulture Cathartes aura S5B Northern Harrier Circus cyaneus S4B NAR NAR Red-tailed Hawk Buteo jamaicensis S5 NAR NAR Killdeer Charadrius vociferus S5B, S5N Spotted Sandpiper Actitis macularia S5 Ring-billed Gull Larus delawarensis S5B,S4N Herring Gull Larus argentatus S5B,S5N Rock Pigeon Columba livia SNA Mourning Dove Zenaida macroura S5 Ruby-throated Hummingbird Archilochus colubris S5B Yellow-bellied Sapsucker Sphyrapicus varius S5B Downy Woodpecker Picoides pubescens S5 Northern Flicker Colaptes auratus S4B Eastern Wood-Pewee Contopus virens S4B SC SC-NS Willow Flycatcher Empidonax traillii S5B Eastern Phoebe Sayornis phoebe S5B Great Crested Flycatcher Myiarchus crinitus S4B Eastern Kingbird Tyrannus tyrannus S4B Warbling Vireo Vireo gilvus S5B Red-eyed Vireo Vireo olivaceus S5B Blue Jay Cyanocitta cristata S5 American Crow Corvus brachyrhynchos S5B Common Raven Corvus corax S5 Horned Lark Eremophila alpestris S5B Tree Swallow Tachycineta bicolor S4B Cliff Swallow Petrochelidon pyrrhonota S4B Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica S4B THR THR-NS Black-capped Chickadee Poecile atricapillus S5
Stantec Consulting Ltd. Page 1 of 2 List of Wildlife Species Recorded for Milton Logistics Hub
ONTARIO COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME STATUS COSSARO COSEWIC House Wren Troglodytes aedon S5B American Robin Turdus migratorius S5B Gray Catbird Dumetella carolinensis S4B Brown Thrasher Toxostoma rufum S4B Northern Mockingbird Mimus polyglottos S4 European Starling Sturnus vulgaris SNA Cedar Waxwing Bombycilla cedrorum S5B Common Yellowthroat Geothlypis trichas S5B Yellow Warbler Setophaga petechia S5B Chestnut-sided Warbler Setophaga pensylvanica S5B Yellow-rumped Warbler Setophaga coronata S5B Chipping Sparrow Spizella passerina S5B Field Sparrow Spizella pusilla S4B Vesper Sparrow Pooecetes gramineus S4B Savannah Sparrow Passerculus sandwichensis S4B Grasshopper Sparrow Ammodramus savannarum S4B SC SC-NS Song Sparrow Melospiza melodia S5B Northern Cardinal Cardinalis cardinalis S5 Rose-breasted Grosbeak Pheucticus ludovicianus S4B Indigo Bunting Passerina cyanea S4B Bobolink Dolichonyx oryzivorus S4B THR THR-NS Red-winged Blackbird Agelaius phoeniceus S4 Eastern Meadowlark Sturnella magna S4B THR THR-NS Common Grackle Quiscalus quiscula S5B Brown-headed Cowbird Molothrus ater S4B Baltimore Oriole Icterus galbula S4B Purple Finch Haemorhouspurpureus S4B House Finch Haemorhous mexicanus SNA American Goldfinch Carduelis tristis S5B House Sparrow Passer domesticus SNA
MAMMALS Silver-haired Bat Lasionycteris noctivagans S4 Big Brown Bat Eptesicus fuscus S5 Grey Squirrel Sciurus carolinensis S5 Beaver Castor canadensis S5 Coyote Canis latrans S5 Raccoon Procyon lotor S5 White-tailed Deer Odocoileus virginianus S5
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