Kurgantaite Casr[B5O9]Cl·H2O

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Kurgantaite CaSr[B5O9]Cl·H2O - Crystal Data: Triclinic. Point Group: 1 . Forms fine-grained nodules, to 4 cm; also as spherulites of crystals with wedge-shaped terminations, to 0.7 mm. Physical Properties: Cleavage: Present in two directions. Fracture: Uneven. Tenacity: Brittle. Hardness = 6-6.5 D(meas.) = 2.99(1) D(calc.) = 3.07(1) Optical Properties: Transparent. Color: Colorless to white, light to dark yellow-orange to orange. Streak: White. Luster: Vitreous. Optical Class: Biaxial (+). α = 1.637(1) β = 1.638(1) γ = 1.675(1) 2V(meas.) < 10° 2V(calc.) = 19(19)° - Cell Data: Space Group: P1 . a = 6.573(1) b = 6.445(1) c = 6.369(1) α = 60.995(2)° β = 61.257(2)° γ = 77.191(2)° Z = 1 X-ray Powder Pattern: Chelkar, Kazakhstan. 2.92 (100), 3.22 (90), 2.84 (90), 5.69 (80), 2.79 (80), 3.13 (70), 2.14 (70) Chemistry: (1) (2) (3) CaO 14.69 15.06 16.19 SrO 26.43 26.34 25.51 B2O3 45.31 44.93 46.29 Cl 9.58 9.22 9.22 H2O [4.69] [4.65] [4.79] -O = Cl 2.16 2.08 2.08 Total 98.54 98.12 99.92 (1) Kargan-tau, Kazakhstan; electron microprobe analysis, H2O calculated from structure refinement; corresponding to Ca1.01Sr0.98[B5.02O9]Cl1.04·H2O. (2) Nepskoye, Russia, electron microprobe analysis, H2O calculated from structure refinement; corresponding to Ca1.04Sr0.98[B4.99O9]Cl1.01·H2O. (3) Penobsquis deposit, New Brunswick, Canada; average of 3 electron microprobe analyses, H2O calculated; corresponding to Ca1.08Sr0.93[B5O9]Cl0.98·H2O. Mineral Group: Hilgardite group. Occurrence: In marine evaporite salt deposits and salt domes. Association: Sylvite, halite, boracite, anhydrite, gypsum, magnesite, quartz (Kazakhstan); hydroboracite, boracite, walkerite, veatchite, szaibélyite, pringleite, congolite, a clay-group mineral (New Brunswick, Canada). Distribution: In western Kargan-tau, Inder uplift and from Chelkar, Caspian region, Kazakhstan; in the Nepskoye potassium salt deposit, near Ust’-Kut, Irkutsk district, Siberia, Russia. In the Penobsquis evaporite deposits, 12 km NE of Sussex, New Brunswick, Canada. Name: For the region, Kargan-tau, Kazakhstan, that produced the first specimens. Type Material: A.E. Fersman Mineralogical Museum, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia. References: (1) Pekov, I.V., E.V. Lovskaya, N.V. Chukanov, A.E. Zadov, V.N. Apollonov, D.Yu. Pushcharovsky, O. Ferro, S.A. Vino-gradova (2001) Kurgantaite, CaSr[B5O9]Cl·H2O, revalidation of the mineral species and new data. Zap. Vseross. Mineral. Obshch., 130(3), 71-79 (in Russian, with English abs.). (2) (2002) Amer. Mineral., 87, 1510-1511 (abs. ref. 1). (3) Grice, J.D., R.A. Gault and J. Van Velthuizen (2005) Borate minerals of the Penobsquis and Millstream deposits, Southern New Brunswick, Canada. Can. Mineral., 43, 1469-1487. Mineralogical Society of America Handbook of Mineralogy Revised 3/2/2015 .

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1469 Vol 43#5 Art 03.Indd
1469 The Canadian Mineralogist Vol. 43, pp. 1469-1487 (2005) BORATE MINERALS OF THE PENOBSQUIS AND MILLSTREAM DEPOSITS, SOUTHERN NEW BRUNSWICK, CANADA JOEL D. GRICE§, ROBERT A. GAULT AND JERRY VAN VELTHUIZEN† Research Division, Canadian Museum of Nature, P.O. Box 3443, Station D, Ottawa, Ontario K1P 6P4, Canada ABSTRACT The borate minerals found in two potash deposits, at Penobsquis and Millstream, Kings County, New Brunswick, are described in detail. These deposits are located in the Moncton Subbasin, which forms the eastern portion of the extensive Maritimes Basin. These marine evaporites consist of an early carbonate unit, followed by a sulfate, and fi nally, a salt unit. The borate assemblages occur in specifi c beds of halite and sylvite that were the last units to form in the evaporite sequence. Species identifi ed from drill-core sections include: boracite, brianroulstonite, chambersite, colemanite, congolite, danburite, hilgardite, howlite, hydroboracite, kurgantaite, penobsquisite, pringleite, ruitenbergite, strontioginorite, szaibélyite, trembathite, veatchite, volkovskite and walkerite. In addition, 41 non-borate species have been identifi ed, including magnesite, monohydrocalcite, sellaite, kieserite and fl uorite. The borate assemblages in the two deposits differ, and in each deposit, they vary stratigraphically. At Millstream, boracite is the most common borate in the sylvite + carnallite beds, with hilgardite in the lower halite strata. At Penobsquis, there is an upper unit of hilgardite + volkovskite + trembathite in halite and a lower unit of hydroboracite + volkov- skite + trembathite–congolite in halite–sylvite. At both deposits, values of the ratio of B isotopes [␦11B] range from 21.5 to 37.8‰ [21 analyses] and are consistent with a seawater source, without any need for a more exotic interpretation.
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minerals Review Evolution of the Astonishing Naica Giant Crystals in Chihuahua, Mexico Iván Jalil Antón Carreño-Márquez 1 , Isaí Castillo-Sandoval 2, Bernardo Enrique Pérez-Cázares 3, Luis Edmundo Fuentes-Cobas 2 , Hilda Esperanza Esparza-Ponce 2 , Esperanza Menéndez-Méndez 4, María Elena Fuentes-Montero 3 and María Elena Montero-Cabrera 2,* 1 Department of Engineering, Universidad La Salle Chihuahua, Chihuahua 31625, Mexico; [email protected] 2 Department of Environment and Energy, Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados, Chihuahua 31136, Mexico; [email protected] (I.C.-S.); [email protected] (L.E.F.-C.); [email protected] (H.E.E.-P.) 3 Department of Computational Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua 31125, Mexico; [email protected] (B.E.P.-C.); [email protected] (M.E.F.-M.) 4 Department Physicochemical Assays, Instituto Eduardo Torroja de Ciencias de la Construcción, 28033 Madrid, Spain; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Calcium sulfate (CaSO4) is one of the most common evaporites found in the earth’s crust. It can be found as four main variations: gypsum (CaSO4·2H2O), bassanite (CaSO4·0.5H2O), soluble Citation: Carreño-Márquez, I.J.A.; anhydrite, and insoluble anhydrite (CaSO4), being the key difference the hydration state of the Castillo-Sandoval, I.; Pérez-Cázares, sulfate mineral. Naica giant crystals’ growth starts from a supersaturated solution in a delicate B.E.; Fuentes-Cobas, L.E.; Esparza- thermodynamic balance close to equilibrium, where gypsum can form nanocrystals able to grow Ponce, H.E.; Menéndez-Méndez, E.; up to 11–12 m long.
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Ancient Potash Ores
www.saltworkconsultants.com John Warren - Friday, Dec 31, 2018 BrineSalty evolution Matters & origins of pot- ash: primary or secondary? Ancient potash ores: Part 3 of 3 Introduction Crossow of In the previous two articles in this undersaturated water series on potash exploitation, we Congruent dissolution looked at the production of either Halite Mouldic MOP or SOP from anthropo- or Porosity genic brine pans in modern saline sylvite lake settings. Crystals of interest formed in solar evaporation pans Dissolved solute shows stoichiometric match to precursor, and dropped out of solution as: dissolving salt goes 1) Rafts at the air-brine interface, A. completely into solution 2) Bottom nucleates or, 3) Syn- depositional cements precipitated MgCl in solution B. 2 within a few centimetres of the Crossow of depositional surface. In most cases, undersaturated water periods of more intense precipita- Incongruent dissolution tion tended to occur during times of brine cooling, either diurnally Carnallite Sylvite or seasonally (sylvite, carnallite and halite are prograde salts). All Dissolved solute does not anthropogenic saline pan deposits stoichiometrically match its precursor, examples can be considered as pri- while the dissolving salt goes partially into solution and a mary precipitates with chemistries new daughter mineral remains tied to surface or very nearsurface Figure 1. Congruent (A) versus incongruent (B) dissolution. brine chemistry. In contrast, this article discusses the Dead Sea and the Qaidam sump most closely resemble ancient potash deposits where the post-deposition chem- those of ancient MgSO4-depleted oceans, while SOP fac- istries and ore textures are responding to ongoing alter- tories in Great Salt Lake and Lop Nur have chemistries ation processes in the diagenetic realm.
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OCCURRENCE of BROMINE in CARNALLITE and SYLVITE from UTAH and NEW MEXICO* Manrr Loursp Lrnosonc
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Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy 96 (2012) 946–951 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/saa Assessment of the molecular structure of the borate mineral boracite Mg3B7O13Cl using vibrational spectroscopy ⇑ Ray L. Frost a, , Yunfei Xi a, Ricardo Scholz b a School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, G.P.O. Box 2434, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia b Geology Department, School of Mines, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Campus Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto, MG 35400-00, Brazil highlights graphical abstract " Boracite is a magnesium borate mineral with formula: Mg3B7O13Cl. " The crystals belong to the orthorhombic – pyramidal crystal system. " The molecular structure of the mineral has been assessed. " Raman spectrum shows that some Cl anions have been replaced with OH units. article info abstract Article history: Boracite is a magnesium borate mineral with formula: Mg3B7O13Cl and occurs as blue green, colorless, Received 23 May 2012 gray, yellow to white crystals in the orthorhombic – pyramidal crystal system. An intense Raman band Received in revised form 2 July 2012 À1 at 1009 cm was assigned to the BO stretching vibration of the B7O13 units. Raman bands at 1121, Accepted 9 July 2012 1136, 1143 cmÀ1 are attributed to the in-plane bending vibrations of trigonal boron. Four sharp Raman Available online 13 August 2012 bands observed at 415, 494, 621 and 671 cmÀ1 are simply deﬁned as trigonal and tetrahedral borate bending modes. The Raman spectrum clearly shows intense Raman bands at 3405 and 3494 cmÀ1, thus Keywords: indicating that some Cl anions have been replaced with OH units.
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