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Archaeological Monitoring Report

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Archaeological Monitoring Report AJ/CRDS Ltd 07E0095 Monitoring Job No. 679 Luas B1-Sandyford to Cherrywood List of Plates iii Project Team v Railway Procurement Team v Abstract 1 1. Introduction 2 1.1. Site location 2 1.2. The nature of the development 2 1.3. Circumstances and dates of fieldwork 2 2. Geology and Topography 2 2.1. Solid geology and soils 2 2.2. Topography and landscape 3 3. Archaeological and Historical Background 3 3.1. Baseline survey 3 3.2. Previous archaeological work in the vicinity of the development 4 3.3. Previous archaeological work in advance of the Luas B1 extension 7 3.4. Prehistoric period (c. 7000 BC - AD 500) 9 3.5. Early medieval period (c. AD 500 - 1170) 10 3.6. Late medieval and post-medieval period (c. AD 1170 - 1900) 11 4. Stratigraphic Report on results of Archaeological Excavation 16 4.1. Introduction 16 4.2. Results 16 4.3. Sites of low significance/Importance 17 4.4. Sites of significance 21 5. Archaeological Finds 27 5.1. Overview 27 5.2. Prehistoric finds (c. 7000 BC-AD500) 27 6. Archaeological samples 29 6.1. Bulk soil samples 29 6.2. Soil samples 29 6.3. Stone samples 29 7. Discussion 30 7.1. The archaeological evidence 30 8. Recommended Avoidance, Remedial or Reductive Measures 32 Bibliography 33 Appendix 1: Recorded archaeological sites and monuments in the vicinity 35 Appendix 2: Recorded archaeological finds in the vicinity 40 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ July 2009 i Final Monitoring Report AJ/CRDS Ltd 07E0095 Monitoring Job No. 679 Luas B1-Sandyford to Cherrywood Appendix 3: Previous excavations relevant to the current project. 44 Appendix 4: Monitoring 07E0095: feature register 88 Appendix 5: Excavation 07E0095: finds register 110 Appendix 6: Excavation 07E0095: soil samples register 114 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ July 2009 ii Final Monitoring Report AJ/CRDS Ltd 07E0095 Monitoring Job No. 679 Luas B1-Sandyford to Cherrywood List of Figures Figure 1: Extract from Discovery Series Map, Sheet 50, showing approximate location of the Luas B1 route, County Dublin. Figure 2: Ordnance survey map 1 st Edition of the area around Site 3 Brenanstown. Figure 3: Luas B1 archaeological monitoring locations of feature groups exposed. Figure 4: Pre-excavation plan, 07E0095 Brenanstown site 3, possible Late Neolithic to Early Bronze Age structure. Figure 5: Post-excavation plan, 07E0095, Brenanstown site 3, Late Neolithic to Early Bronze Age, possible structure. Figure 6: Site plan showing Brenanstown Site 3 and other possible areas of prehistoric activity exposed during testing and monitoring. Figure 7: 07E0095 Brenanstown Site 3, sections through features. Figure 8: Ordnance survey map, 1st Edition (1843), of the area around Kilgobbin Site 1, Co. Dublin Figure 9: Figure 9: Overall plan of features exposed at Kilgobbin Site 1. Figure 10: Figure 10: Plan of features exposed at Kilgobbin Site 1 in relation to Ballyogan road. Figure 11: Sections of features uncovered at Kilgobbin List of Plates Plate 1: Ballyogan Site 1. Mid-excavation photograph showing possible posthole, (F400 & F401), facing north Plate 2: Ballyogan Site 2. Pre-excavation photograph showing field drain, (F500), facing east Plate 3: Ballyogan Site 3. Mid-excavation photograph showing possible pit/trough, (F702 & F703), facing east Plate 4: Ballyogan Site 3. Post-excavation photograph showing pit (F703) and field drain (F704), facing east Plate 5: Ballyogan Site 4. Mid-excavation photograph showing field drain, (F1300), facing northeast Plate 6: Brenanstown Site 1. Mid-excavation photograph showing charcoal patch, (F100), facing east Plate 7: Brenanstown Site 2. Mid-excavation photograph showing possible posthole (F201, F202) and in-situ bunt patch, (F200), facing west. Plate 8: Brenanstown Site 4. Pre-excavation photograph showing small burnt patch, (F300), facing south. Plate 9: Brenanstown Site 3. Photograph of pre-excavation hand cleaning around features, facing southeast. Plate 10: Brenanstown Site 3. Mid-excavation photograph showing general area around site, facing southeast Plate 11: Brenanstown Site 3. Mid-excavation photograph showing possible pit (F12, F23) and hearth (F3), facing south Plate 12: Brenanstown Site 3. Mid-excavation photograph showing possible pit (F4, F5) and hearth (F3), facing north Plate 13: Brenanstown Site 5. Pre-excavation photograph showing in-situ burnt patch (F1000), facing north Plate 14: Kilgobbin Site 2. Mid-excavation photograph showing possible ditch (F1100), facing east Plate 15: Carmanhall Site 1. Pre-excavation photograph showing area of fence foundation pits, facing east. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ July 2009 iii Final Monitoring Report AJ/CRDS Ltd 07E0095 Monitoring Job No. 679 Luas B1-Sandyford to Cherrywood Plate 16: Carmanhall Site 1. Mid-excavation photograph showing possible wall foundation (F900), facing north. Plate 17: Kilgobbin Site 1. Mid-excavation photograph showing section of ditch, (F600, F601), facing northwest Plate 18: Kilgobbin Site 1. Mid-excavation photograph showing possible metalled surface, (F604), facing east Plate 19: Kilgobbin Site 1. Mid-excavation photograph showing section of wall foundation, (F615), facing southeast. Plate 20: Kilgobbin Site 1. Mid-excavation photograph showing possible wall foundation, (F615), facing east Plate 21: Kilgobbin Site 3. Pre-excavation photograph showing field drain, (F1200), facing east Plate 22: Laughanstown Site 1. Mid-excavation photograph showing possible posthole (F801, F802), and small in-situ burnt patch, facing east Plate 23: Brenanstown Site 6. Photograph showing stone lined culvert, (F1400). facing north Plate 24: Brenanstown Site 6. Photograph showing stone lined culvert behind embankment wall, facing north ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ July 2009 iv Final Monitoring Report AJ/CRDS Ltd 07E0095 Monitoring Job No. 679 Luas B1-Sandyford to Cherrywood Project Team Director: Aaron Johnston Project Managers: Richard Clutterbuck Stephen Mandal Post-Excavation Team: Ludovic Beaumont Post-Excavation Manager: Milica Rajic Report Production: Aaron Johnston Editor: Donal Fallon Historical Background: Clíodhna Tynan/Madeline Parker Illustrations: Niall Lynch/Vera Power Photographs: Aaron Johnston Excavation Team: Site Director: Aaron Johnston Safety Officer: Bairbre Mullee Supervisor: Ludovic Beaumont Supervisor: Liam Chambers Assistant: Madeline Parker Surveyor: Niall Lynch Railway Procurement Team Environmental Manager Anne Lillis Project Archaeologist Sylvia Desmond Project Archaeologist Frank Mallon ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ July 2009 v Final Monitoring Report AJ/CRDS Ltd 07E0095 Monitoring Job No. 679 Luas B1-Sandyford to Cherrywood Project Archaeological monitoring of groundwork on LUAS B1 Sandyford to Cherrywood extension Licence No. 07E0095 Licensee Aaron Johnston Project Managers Richard Clutterbuck/Stephen Mandal Consultant Cultural Resource Development Services Ltd Archaeological and Historical Consultants Unit 4A, Dundrum Business Park, Dundrum Dublin 14 Client Railway Procurement Agency Project Luas B1, Sandyford to Cherrywood Extension Townlands Tipperstown, Carmanhall/Leopardstown, Murphystown, Kilgobbin, Ballyogan, Jamestown, Carrickmines Little, Brenanstown, Laughanstown and Cherrywood. Civil Parishes Kill, Tully and Killiney. County South County Dublin. Nat. Grid Ref. Sandyford NGR 319900E, 226600N; To Cherrywood NGR 324200E, 222800N Project Duration 24 Weeks Excavation Start Date 12 th March 2007 Report Date July 2009 Report signed off by, __________________________ EurGeol Dr Stephen Mandal MIAI PGeo Managing Director CRDS Ltd ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ July 2009 vi Final Monitoring Report AJ/CRDS Ltd 07E0095 Monitoring Job No. 679 Luas B1-Sandyford to Cherrywood Abstract The following is a final report on archaeological monitoring of ground works associated with the Luas B1 development. The works were carried out by Aaron Johnston of CRDS on behalf of the Railway Procurement Agency. The development extends for 7.6km between Sandyford and Cherrywood in County Dublin, crossing the townlands of Tipperstown, Carmanhall/Leopardstown, Murphystown, Kilgobbin, Ballyogan, Jamestown, Carrickmines Little, Brenanstown, Laughanstown and Cherrywood. Monitoring of ground-works was undertaken to determine if any archaeological features were located within the development area which would impacted upon by ground works associated with the development. Funding was provided by the Railway Procurement Agency. The works were carried out under a licence issued by the National Monuments Section of the Department of the Environment (07E0095). An initial desk-based assessment selected areas of higher archaeological potential where archaeological monitoring was deemed appropriate; groundworks across c. 3.9km or approximately fifty-one per cent of the proposed route were monitored. The areas selected were either previously undeveloped greenfield, or areas considered to be of higher archaeological potential based on proximity to known archaeological sites. A number of previous excavations were
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