Carrickmines Castle Conservation Plan 2015-2025 DRAFT 2.9.15
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Carrickmines Castle Conservation Plan 2015-2025 DRAFT 2.9.15 DRAFT Carrickmines Castle Conservation Plan, February 2014 Contents Executive Summary PART ONE: BACKGROUND AND PROCESS 1.1 Introduction 1.2 The Conservation Plan process 1.3 Scope of the Carrickmines Castle Conservation Plan 1.4 Archaeological Investigations 1.5 Location and extent of the Conservation Plan Area 1.6 Statutory policy and protection 1.7 Current management PART TWO: UNDERSTANDING THE PLACE 2.1 The Castle in Ireland 2.2 The Pale 2.3 Summary description of the site of Carrickmines Castle 2.4 History and archaeology 2.5 Controversy 2.6 Surviving structures at the site of Carrickmines Castle 2.6.1 The Gatehouse 2.6.2 The North Fosse 2.6.3 The East Fosse 2.6.4 The Farm Buildings 2.7 Natural heritage 2.8 Public engagement PART THREE: STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE PART FOUR: CURRENT VULNERABILITIES 4.1 Limitations to existing knowledge 4.2 Lack of Maintenance of Structures 4.3 Misconceptions and Lack of Knowledge 4.4 Lack of Access 4.5 Security 4.6 Vegetation 4.7 Safety 4.8 Zoning PART FIVE : CONSERVATION PLAN POLICIES 5.1 Vision for Carrickmines Castle 5.2 Heritage policies 5.3 Management policies 5.4 Education and research policies PART SIX: MANAGEMENT ACTIONS 7.1 Heritage actions 7.2 Management actions 7.3 Education and research actions 1 DRAFT Carrickmines Castle Conservation Plan, February 2014 Reports prepared for the Carrickmines Castle site Bibliography Endnotes 2 DRAFT Carrickmines Castle Conservation Plan, February 2014 PART ONE BACKGROUND AND PROCESS 1.1 Introduction This Conservation Plan for the site of Carrickmines Castle has been prepared by Dún Laoghaire-Rathdown County Council in fulfilment of a Ministerial Directive issued by the Department of Environment, Heritage and Local Government dated 5th August 2004. One part of this directive stated that: ‘A Conservation Plan for the area containing the structures and features to be preserved in situ should be submitted to the NMS [National Monuments Service] before the completion of the archaeological mitigation works. The plan should include a detailed architectural assessment of the farmhouse and other structures. Proposals for the long-term conservation of the area of the monument to be preserved in situ should also be included'. The final report on the archaeological excavations at the site were submitted to the Council in August 2012, allowing the conservation process to begin with full knowledge of what has been discovered during archaeological investigations. To fulfil this Ministerial Directive the Council established a Steering Committee consisting of the following members1: Tim Carey, Heritage Officer, Dún Laoghaire-Rathdown County Council Gerry Concannon, Senior Executive Engineer, Dún Laoghaire-Rathdown County Council Ian Doyle, Head of Conservation, The Heritage Council Rónán Swan, Head of Archaeology, National Roads Authority Pamela O’Connor, Senior Architect, Dún Laoghaire-Rathdown County Council. 3 DRAFT Carrickmines Castle Conservation Plan, February 2014 1.2 The Conservation Plan process The Conservation Plan is a process that seeks to guide the future development of a place through an understanding of its significance James Semple Kerr2 A Conservation Plan is a document3 that states why a place is significant, and develops policies to ensure that significance is retained in the long-term. It is driven by the need to understand why a place is important, and it provides a framework for managing the place so that its cultural significance is not lost in the future. The Conservation Plan process was developed after the 1981 Burra Charter of ICOMOS (International Council on Monuments and Sites) which introduced the concept of cultural significance as the basis for conservation policy making and management. Conservation Plans were introduced to Ireland in 1998 by The Heritage Council as a useful tool to understand and protect historic sites, to secure funding for conservation works and particularly to achieve consensus for historic places where there are several elements of historic significance and conflicting priorities. Above: The farmhouse at Carrickmines, c.1960 (left) and the site during archaeological excavations (right). The Conservation Plan differs from other types of reports used for historic places such as management plans (which can have a wider scope and include financial planning and immediate works) and archaeological or architectural heritage reports (which are often prepared in response to a particular development proposal). A Conservation Plan instead 4 DRAFT Carrickmines Castle Conservation Plan, February 2014 focuses on understanding a place, and then translating that understanding into specific policies and actions to care for what is important about a site. Conservation, at its most basic, involves handing on to future generations what we value. Conservation advisors are not there to stand in the way of change, but to negotiate the transition from the past to the present in ways that minimize the damage that change can cause, and maximize the benefits. Kate Clarke 4 Conservation Plans are often the first step in a design process for a historic place. However, it must be stressed that the situation at Carrickmines is an atypical one. Theisplan is being produced at the end of an incomplete process of discovery about the site. There are limited upstanding remains and these upstanding remains tell, in and of themselves, an incomplete story. There remains almost a complete lack of knowledge of the archaeology of the unexcavated core of the site and there is no intention to recommence excavations. Despite all of this the Conservation Plan and the process of its production remains a useful to tool to re-assess the significance of the place, and provides a focus on the policies for the future of the Carrickmines Castle site. 1.3 Scope of the Carrickmines Castle Conservation Plan The area that is covered by the Conservation Plan is the area that has been enclosed by the security fencing since the motorway works. This contains what is believed to be the unexcavated core of the Carrickmines complex. Most of the surrounding area has been archaeologically ‘resolved’ and is not dealt with in this document apart from its importance for providing access to the site. In accordance with the principles of the Australian ICOMOS charter for the Conservation of Places of Cultural Significance (the Burra Charter) as revised (2013) and other guidance documents, this conservation plan intends to: • Understand the Carrickmines Castle site within the limitations set by the low level of knowledge about the site 5 DRAFT Carrickmines Castle Conservation Plan, February 2014 • Assess the significance of the Carrickmines Castle site (including all values) • Explore and identify issues which threaten that significance • Set appropriate policy aims and objectives to guide the management of the heritage of the place • Agree a series of management actions to care for the site by implementing the objectives of the Conservation Plan and its agreed policies. • Monitor and review the plan The Conservation Plan has drawn heavily on the information generated through previous historical and archaeological research arising from past development work at the site including a proposed realignment of Ballyogan Road c.1983, sewerage works c.1996, the laying of a gas pipeline c.1998, and especially the final excavation report arising from archaeological resolution of Carrickmines accompanying the construction of the M50 motorway c.1999-2005. These sources are listed in Table 1. It is fully recognised that there are gaps in our understanding of the site due to the absence of knowledge of the unexcavated core of the site, believed to contain the site of the castle. Extensive efforts have been made to synthesis the very large body of archaeological evidence collected during excavations at this location into a meaningful story which explains the history and significance of the place and the sequence of events and developments at the site. 1.4 Archaeological Investigations "…the most extensive rural settlement to have been excavated in the Dublin area…" Thaddeus Breen Though a considerable amount of information has been generated about the site of Carrickmines Castle, only selected aspects have been published to date. Much of the area surrounding the site was excavated in advance of the construction of the M50 motorway after a series of desktop, aerial and geophysical surveys. This external area was excavated in two phases: first between August 2001 and July 20025, followed by a second phase from September 2002 until March 20056. Therefore most of the area surrounding the site 6 DRAFT Carrickmines Castle Conservation Plan, February 2014 was archaeologically investigated. The final report7 issued to Dun Laoghaire-Rathdown County Council and the National Roads Authority was by Valerie J. Keely Ltd. in 2012. Timeline of Historical and Archaeological Research Year Report 1983 An archaeological report by P. Healy of July 1983 was commissioned by Dublin County Council in relation to a proposed realignment of Ballyogan Road. This identified 23 sites, including Carrickmines Castle8. 1993-6 Ten (10) archaeological reports and surveys produced by Valerie J. Keeley Ltd. on proposed routes, including: 1993, April: Archaeological Report as part of Environmental Impact Assessment REF: Keeley 1993b 1994, February: Revised Assessment based on revised maps. This report noted 'the remains of an old wall ... visible as part of a farm shed' tentatively suggested as part of the castle, and earthworks. 1996, February: Archaeological Assessment of three proposed routes (A, B & 5) Ref: Keeley 1996a 1996, July: 96E236 Archaeological Monitoring of Carrickmines-Shanganagh Main Drainage Scheme by Archaeological Services Unit on behalf of Valerie J. Keeley Ltd. noted post-medieval burning sites (2) and a post-medieval stone drain. 1996, August: Geophysical survey by Valerie J. Keeley Ltd. & Geoquest Associates (REF: VJKeeley & Geoquest 1997) indicated rectangular enclosures and a ditch south of the farmhouse. The earthworks were not surveyed.