The Story of Canal Zone Stamps

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

The Story of Canal Zone Stamps The Story of Canal Zone Stamps By Philip L. Dade and Gustavo Schay This Dade-Schay copy should (must) be read in conjunction with “Canal Zone Stamps” by Plass, Brewster, and Salz. Parts of sections and chapters have not been copied here because they are complete and well described in that book. A reprint of the book may be purchased from the Canal Zone Study Group. The Dade-Schay copy from which this present work is produced did not reproduce well on some pages. This has led to unforced errors and omitted letters and words. There are mistakes which are mine and beg forgiveness. I do not have an original copy from which to work. This work has been done with Dragon Naturally Speaking and often I was misunderstood by the program. Thanks to Chris DeVoe for his excellent proofreading which has reduced the errors considerably. Thanks to George Campbell for images. Thanks to Richard Bates for his work at the National Postal Museum in researching the original document. Thanks to David Zemer who kept encouraging me to finish this task when I thought nobody cared. Respectfully submitted: Ralph Weil. Index ii Foreword iv Preface vi Chapter 1: The Basic Panama Stamps and Their Overprints 1 The Third Panama Issue 1 The Fourth Panama Issue 4 The First Plate 4 The Second Plate 5 The Third Plate 5 The Fourth Plate 6 Basic stamps for No. 9 and 10 8 Chapter 2: The First Series 8 Scott No. 1, 2, 3 Chapter 3: The Second Series 10 Scott No. 4 - 8 Chapter 4: The Taft Agreement 11 Chapter 5: The Third Series 12 The “Canal Zone” Overprint 12 The First Stage 13 The Second Stage 13 The Third Stage 13 The Fourth Stage 14 The Fifth Stage 14 The Sixth Stage 14 The Panama Overprints 16 The 8 Cent Surcharges 16 Chapter 6: The Boyd Report and its Effect on the Third Series 20 Chapter 7: The Fourth Series: 24 Scott No. 16 and 17 Chapter 8: The Fifth and Sixth Series 27 The Fifth Series - Scott No. 21-26 27 The Sixth Series - Scott No. 27-30 28 Chapter 9: The Seventh Series 29 Scott Nos. 31-35, 38-41, 46-48, 52-54, 55-57 Chapter 10: A Few Notes 30 Early Overprints 30 Method of Ordering Stamps 31 Early Post Offices 31 Payment for Stamps 32 All Issues Gummed 32 Slogan Dies 33 Official Seals 33 Chapter 11: The Eighth and Ninth Series 34 The Eighth Series - Scott No. 36 and 37 34 The Ninth Series – Scott No. 42-45, 49-51, 58-59 35 Chapter 12: The Tenth and Eleventh Series 36 The Tenth Series - Scott No. 60-67 36 The Eleventh Series – Scott No. 68-69 37 ii Chapter 13: Panama’s Honored Great (persons on stamps) 39 Chapter 14: The Abrogation of the Taft Agreement 41 Chapter 15: Dispute of 1924 - 1927 and the Big Burning 41 Chapter 16: Background of the U.S. Issues and Basic U.S. Stamps 49 The Basic Stamps 55 Chapter 17: The Twelfth Series 58 The Flat A - U.S. Overprints - Scott No. 70-81 Chapter 18: The Thirteenth Series 63 The Sharp A - U.S. Overprints - Scott No. 84-95 Chapter 19: The Fourteenth Series 70 Rotary Press U.S. Overprints 70 Scott Nos. 97-104, 115, 116, 118, 119 Perforated 10 x 10 71 Perforated 11 x 10½ 71 Chapter 20: The Fifteenth Series 75 Canal Zone Permanent Issue Scott Nos. 105-13, 116, 117, 136, 137, 139-41, 146 75 Chapter 21: Commemorative Issues 86 Liberty Bell 87 Twenty-Fifth Anniversary 88 Barro Colorado Anniversary 90 Gold Rush Centennial 90 Chapter 22: Air Mail Issues 91 Permanent Series 94 First Coast-to-Coast Air Mail 96 First Flight and Commemorative Cachets 96 Chapter 23: Postage Dues Stamps 98 Mount Hope Printing 103 U.S. Overprints 104 Permanent Canal Zone Issue 106 Chapter 24: Official Stamps 107 Perforated “P” 108 Official Overprints 109 Chapter 25: Postal Stationary 116 Envelopes 116 U.S. Overprints 119 Local Overprints 119 Canal Zone Seal Type Stamped Envelopes 119 Canal Issues 121 Air Post Envelope 125 Registration Envelope 126 Postal Cards 127 U.S. Overprints and C.Z. Originals 130 Chapter 26: Booklets 131 U. S. Overprints 133 Permanent Series 133 Chapter 27: Precancelled Stamps 135 Chapter 28: Counterfeits 140 Chapter 29: Check List 143 iii FORWORD Two generations of stamp collectors have seen comparatively little published information concerning Canal Zone stamps. Since the days of Colman, Bartels, and Evans, such writings on Canal Zone stamps as have appeared have been sporadic, unrelated, and unfortunately in many instances, inaccurate. It would be unfair to point out any special reason for the inaccuracy of the information but the extraordinary thing is that incorrect data continues to be published to this day. As a specialist in the Canal Zone postage, this author on several occasions requested information from official postal sources and from the Record Bureau of The Panama Canal, in an effort to obtain facts and figures never before brought to light. Being very well aware that the task was one requiring a considerable outlay of time, the author suggested to Panama Canal authorities that he be permitted to seek the information himself from the official files. Early in 1945, it was suggested to Mr. C. M. Lupfer, Assistant Executive Secretary of The Panama Canal that enough hitherto undisclosed information very well might be obtained from the official records to make the publication of a book on Canal Zone stamps possible. Mr. Lupfer, himself an ardent stamp collector and one of the Canal's real "old timers," was sympathetic to the idea and granted permission to study exceptionally complete Executive Office files on the Canal Zone postal system and its history. This is believed to be the first time that permission has been granted any individual to work on official files in a non-official capacity. Following the retirement of Mr. Lupfer in 1948, permission was requested and obtained from the newly appointed Assistant Executive Secretary (who in 1949 became Executive Secretary) Mr. E. C. Lombard to continue the work. Mr. Arnold Bruckner, Director of Finance of The Panama Canal also granted permission to use the files in his department. Much of the information contained in this book will be found at variance with heretofore published and generally accepted data on Canal Zone issues. It can be stated here that all data published in this volume has been compiled by the authors from official records, personally perused, checked, and verified and, in no instance, has the work of any other government employee been used for this purpose. By the same token, any errors appearing in this work are the fault and responsibility of the authors, who herewith expresses willingness to accept this responsibility. It is sincerely hoped that other students in correcting such errors as may be found to exist here will be willing to furnish the authors with proof of their claims. That there are errors in this work, we have not the slightest doubt. That there has been guesswork from time to time in compiling the data and some trick mathematics, we freely admit. But guesswork and calculations are definitely labeled as such in the book and the reader is free to agree or disagree with our conclusions as he chooses. That there are omissions is also acknowledged. One of the problems which early had to be resolved by the authors was the decision on what to include and what to leave out. The official files of The Panama Canal are so vast, so all-inclusive that sufficient material to write ten volumes the size of this one was on hand. Each of those volumes and each subject therein could have been expanded ten times again. Obviously, such a project was out of the question and, regretfully, many important subjects have been left out entirely and others, barely touched upon. Nothing, for example, has been written about the passage of mail across the Isthmus before the Canal was constructed; the paquebot service and cancellations; railroad cancellations and mail; cancellations in general; the chronological initiation and closure of the various post offices; the physical handling of international mail and The Panama Canal Zone mail; registration; postal service during Canal construction days; sale of United States stamps on the Zone; stamp vending machines; the postal money order business and its most interesting history; internal operations of the Canal Zone postal system such as classification of post offices, fiscal reports and accounting, etc., and many more interesting subjects on which many volumes of files and records exist. iv If you, our readers, through your reception of this first book, appear to be sufficiently interested, per- haps the authors can prepare successive volumes on these fascinating, now reluctantly omitted stories of a period unique in the Western world's philatelic history. Our co-author, Mr. Gustavo Schay, unlike the undersigned (who originated this task primarily from an ex-newspaperman’s viewpoint as an interesting writing and research problem) is a philatelic student. His vast collection of Panama stamps is without question one of the finest in the world. Mr. Schay, professionally an architect, found the early Panama issues to be the intriguing problem that they are, and for twenty-five years has been an avid student of these overprints and early issues. Needless to say, it was only Mr. Schay’s intimate and personal knowledge of these issues which made this book at all possible. Mr. George Brett needs no introduction to collectors having been a contributor to philatelic publications for the past decade, particularly on Bureau issues.
Recommended publications
  • This Constitution: a Bicentennial Chronicle, Nos. 14-18
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 300 290 SO 019 380 AUTHOR Mann, Shelia, Ed. TITLE This Constitution: A Bicentennial Chronicle, Nos. 14-18. INSTITUTION American Historical Association, Washington, D.C.; American Political Science Association, Washington, D.C.; Project '87, Washington, DC. SPONS AGENCY National Endowment for the Humanities (NFAH), Washington, D.C. PUB DATE 87 NOTE 321p.; For related document, see ED 282 814. Some photographs may not reproduce clearly. AVAILABLE FROMProject '87, 1527 New Hampshire Ave., N.W., Washington, DC 20036 nos. 13-17 $4.00 each, no. 18 $6.00). PUB TYPE Collected Works - Serials (022) -- Historical Materials (060) -- Guides - Classroom Use - Guides (For Teachers) (052) JOURNAL CIT This Constitution; n14-17 Spr Sum Win Fall 1987 n18 Spr-Sum 1988 EDRS PRICE MFO1 Plus Postage. PC Not Available from EDRS. DESCRIPTORS Class Activities; *Constitutional History; *Constitutional Law; History Instruction; Instructioral Materials; Lesson Plans; Primary Sources; Resource Materials; Secondary Education; Social Studies; United States Government (Course); *United States History IDENTIFIERS *Bicentennial; *United States Constitution ABSTRACT Each issue in this bicentennial series features articles on selected U.S. Constitution topics, along with a section on primary documents and lesson plans or class activities. Issue 14 features: (1) "The Political Economy of tne Constitution" (K. Dolbeare; L. Medcalf); (2) "ANew Historical Whooper': Creating the Art of the Constitutional Sesquicentennial" (K. Marling); (3) "The Founding Fathers and the Right to Bear Arms: To Keep the People Duly Armed" (R. Shalhope); and (4)"The Founding Fathers and the Right to Bear Arms: A Well-Regulated Militia" (L. Cress). Selected articles from issue 15 include: (1) "The Origins of the Constitution" (G.
    [Show full text]
  • Guam Guard Mail, Part Two by H
    From the Stamp Specialist: Guam Guard Mail, Part Two by H. F. Bowker (From The 1939 Stamp Specialist, with images added) Continued from SNO June 2012 All the cancellation stamps used by the Guard Mail were destroyed when the affairs of that service were liquidated after 8 April 1931. While no record of the manner of their destruction is available, it is understood that they were burned in the furnace of the Naval Station power plant, in accordance with the terms of Naval Station Order Number 286, announcing the discontinuance of all service on the first anniversary of its establishment. U. S. NAVAL STATION GUAM COMMANDANT’S OFFICE NAVAL STATION ORDER NO. 286. 21 February, 1931. 1. On 8 April, 1931, after one year of satisfactory opera- tion, the Guam Guard Mail will be discontinued, since at that time it will have been replaced, in whole or in part, by service of the U.S. Post Office Department. 2. All unused stamped paper will be turned over to the Naval Government of Guam, without charge, for sale, the proceeds from such sale to be used for the amortization of indebtedness on land and buildings used as public recreation places. All equipment, other than cancellation stamps, will be turned over to the Government of Guam for such use as it may see fit. All cancellation stamps will be destroyed in the pres- ence of the Superintendent of the Guam Guard Mail, in order that their use in the future may be rendered impossible. Willis W. Bradley, Jr. Commander, U. S. Navy, Commandant, U.
    [Show full text]
  • Coins, Postage Stamps & Bank Notes
    COINS, POSTAGE STAMPS & BANK NOTES Monday, May 1, 2017 NEW YORK Monday, May 1, 2017 COINS, POSTAGE STAMPS & BANK NOTES AUCTION Monday, May 1, 2017 at 2pm EXHIBITION Friday, April 28, 10am – 5pm Saturday, April 29, 10am – 5pm Sunday, April 30, Noon – 5pm LOCATION Doyle New York 175 East 87th Street New York City 212-427-2730 www.Doyle.com SHIPPING INFORMATION Shipping is the responsibility of the buyer. Upon request, our Client Services Department will provide a list of shippers who deliver to destinations within the United States and overseas. Kindly disregard the sales tax if an I.C.C. licensed shipper will ship your purchases anywhere outside the state of New York or the District of Columbia. Catalogue: $25 CONTENTS BIBLIOGRAPHY POSTAGE STAMPS 1001-1053 WORLD COINS 1130-1158 Bale, Specialized Catalogue of Israel Stamps. British Omnibus 1001 Ancients 1130 Breen, Walter. Complete Encyclopedia of U.S. and Colonial Coins. Australia 1002 Austria 1131 Bresset, K. ANA Grading Standards. Davenport, J. European Crowns and Thalers. Austria 1003 Asia 1132 Friedberg, A. Gold Coins of the World. Cyprus 1004 Bolivia 1133 Friedberg, I. Paper Money of The United States. Falkland Islands 1005 Canada 1134 IGCMC. Israel Government Coins and Medals Corporation. France 1006 China 1135 Judd, J.H. Pattern Coins. Germany 1007-1008 Colombia 1136 Krause, C. World Gold Coins. Great Britain 1009 France 1137-1138 Newman, Eric P. The Early Paper Money of America. Isle of Wight 1010 Great Britain 1139 Seaby H. and P. Coins of England and The United Kingdom. Ireland 1011 Japan 1140 Schjöth, Fredrik.
    [Show full text]
  • Part 1—Sale 993 1845-69 Issues Wednesday, September 29, 2010
    The Wagshal Collection of Classic United States Stamps Part 1—Sale 993 1845-69 Issues Wednesday, September 29, 2010 ROBERT A. SIEGEL AUCTION GALLERIES, INC. The Wagshal Collection of Classic United States Stamps Part 1—Sale 993 1845-69 Issues Wednesday, September 29, 2010 Session 1.1 (lots 1-119) at 10:30 a.m. Session 1.2 (lots 120-552) at 1:30 p.m. A 15% buyer’s premium will be added to the hammer price of each lot sold. Lots will be available for viewing on Monday & Tuesday, September 27-28, from 10-4 and by appointment (please call 212-753-6421). AUCTION GALLERIES, INC. 60 EAST 56TH STREET, 4TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, N.Y. 10022 Phone (212) 753-6421 • Fax (212) 753-6429 • E-mail: [email protected] siegelauctions.com AUCTION GALLERIES, INC. 60 EAST 56TH STREET, 4TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, N.Y. 10022 Phone (212) 753-6421 • Fax (212) 753-6429 • E-mail: [email protected] siegelauctions.com Scott R. Trepel John P. Zuckerman Corey Long Starr Tucker-Ortega Carlene Okola President Senior Vice President Vice President Accounts Bids and Inquiries strepel jzuckerman clong stamps carlene @siegelauctions.com @siegelauctions.com @siegelauctions.com @siegelauctions.com @siegelauctions.com Scott R. Trepel Principal Auctioneer (licensed by NYC Dept. of Consumer Affairs, #795952) Nathaniel Estes Catalogue and Digital Production Information for Bidders Bidding Pre-Sale Viewing The following means are available for placing bids: Subject to availability, certain lots (except group lots) can be sent 1) Attending the Live Auction in Person: All bidders must register to known clients for examination.
    [Show full text]
  • Copyright by Jeffrey Wayne Parker 2013
    Copyright by Jeffrey Wayne Parker 2013 The Dissertation Committee for Jeffrey Wayne Parker Certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: Empire’s Angst: The Politics of Race, Migration, and Sex Work in Panama, 1903-1945 Committee: Frank A. Guridy, Supervisor Philippa Levine Minkah Makalani John Mckiernan-González Ann Twinam Empire’s Angst: The Politics of Race, Migration, and Sex Work in Panama, 1903-1945 by Jeffrey Wayne Parker, B.A.; M.A. Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Austin in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Texas at Austin August 2013 Dedication To Naoko, my love. Acknowledgements I have benefitted greatly from a wide ensemble of people who have made this dissertation possible. First, I am deeply grateful to my adviser, Frank Guridy, who over many years of graduate school consistently provided unwavering support, needed guidance, and inspiration. In addition to serving as a model historian and mentor, he also read countless drafts, provided thoughtful insights, and pushed me on key questions and concepts. I also owe a major debt of gratitude to another incredibly gifted mentor, Ann Twinam, for her stalwart support, careful editing, and advice throughout almost every stage of this project. Her diligent commitment to young scholars immeasurably improved my own writing abilities and professional development as a scholar. John Mckiernan-González was also an enthusiastic advocate of this project who always provided new insights into how to make it better. Philippa Levine and Minkah Makalani also carefully read the dissertation, provided constructive insights, edited chapters, and encouraged me to develop key aspects of the project.
    [Show full text]
  • Philatelist Annals
    VOLUME VI, No. 1 JULY, 1958 PHILATELIST ANNALS * * A QUARTERLY MAGAZINE ON AERO-PHILATELY • • • UNITED STATES RF OVERPRINTS ( Part 3 ) • BRAZIL ETA CO. AIRS • INDEX OF VOLUME V DIRECTORY OF DEALER 1'1IEi\IBERS BILLIG & RICH IRWIN HEIMAN 55 West 42nd St. 2 West 46th St. New York 18, N. Y. New York 36, N. Y. L. W. CHARLAT F. W. KESSLER 180 Broadway 500 Fifth Ave. New York 7 , N. Y. New York 36, N. Y. P. J. DROSSOS JOHN W . NICKLIN 1 St. Denys Place 110 West 42nd St. Athens, Greece New York 18, N. Y. FATOULLAH & LAZAR PENNY BLACK STAMP CO. 116 Nassau St. 116 Nassau Street New York 38, N. Y. New York 38, N. Y. GIMBEL'S STAMP DEPT. H. REICHENTHAL B'way & 33rd St. ("Mr. Aero-World") New York 1, N. Y. P. 0. Box 870 Miami 5, Florida ·' H. R. HARMER. INC. NICOLAS SANABRIA CO., 6 West 48 St. INC. New York 36, N. Y. 521 Fifth Ave. New York 17, N. Y. H. E. HARRIS & CO. S. SEREBRAKIAN, INC. 108 Mass. Ave. P. O. Box 448 Boston 17, Mass. MONROE, N. Y. Vol. VI No. 1 THE AERO PHILATELIST ANNALS BRAZIL (Zoran N initch l ········································································ 3 Tlir /:. T A Cr1111pn11J ./ir ,1/(li/ tnm/>s 1958 EXHIBITION and CONVENTION ·· ······· ······ ··································· 5 Plii/flll1 /phio, Pa. OcttJb1 r. ll):;8 VENEZUELA <Henry Kraemer ) ................. ............................................. 6 T /11 z lJs. "/ ll)J7 u ith Tnp/1 Ot•..rpr111t UNITED STATES (Henry M . Coodkind l ................................................ 7 RF (1'•1·rpri111s 19++-+5 <111 A 1r ,\/riil tamps anti totir1111 r\ (Crmd11siu11} EDITORIAL ............................................................
    [Show full text]
  • HISTORY by MAIL by JOHN DUEHRKOPP T Is a Rare Event for Us to Receive A
    TheMe who do not COUec4 IItamplI will be llUrpri.&ed to dillco'ver how mucJ~ of Europe'II recent hilltonJ t" mirrored in IItampll. HISTORY BY MAIL By JOHN DUEHRKOPP T is a rare event for us to receive a. soon replaced by Polish stamps captured in letter from Europe; and when we do Warsaw and overprinted with the German happen to be the lucky recipient of such national emblem and the designation "Gen­ uncommon object, we hardly pay any eral-Gouvernement" (FIo. 23). It might tion to that little square of colored seem like an irony of fate that these over­ sticking modestly in the comer of the printed stamps were the very ones which .,-elope. And yet how much these stamps had been printed in commemoration of the tell us about their countries. For, after twentieth anniversary of the PoliRh Republic Ill, they are not only the post office's receipt and which showed outstanding events from postage paid but in addition a sort of the past history of Poland. When the niiting card of their country, whose history, stocks of these stamps had been used op, 'tOOI!omicB, science, art, culture and, last but the new final issue appeared in the autumn least, Bcenic beauties they reflect in a of 1940. Famous buildings of Warsaw, tholl8and ways. Cracow (ll'l:o. 9), and Lublin are reproduced in this beautiful set. It is by no means the intention of this ,erticle to initiate the reader into the mys­ The occupation of Denmark and Norway ~ of philately with all its technical found no philatelic expression, all current tomplications of counting perforations or stamps being recognized by tho Germau ,looking for secret watermarks.
    [Show full text]
  • The Journal of American Postal History Vol
    La Posta Posta La Vol. 45, No. 4 PRSRT STD Whole Number 260 US POSTAGE Fourth Quarter 2014 PAID Permit No. 811 La Posta: Toledo, Ohio. La Posta Publications The Journal of POB 6074 Fredericksburg, VA 22403 American Postal History Vol. 45, No. 4 No. 45, Vol. An Early Postal Card From Yellowstone National Park In all of United States philately... 260 Number Whole There is no better source for—nor venue for selling— U.S. Postal History than right here. Fourth Quarter 2014 Quarter Fourth Consignments for upcoming sales or Outright Purchase welcomed. Contact us today to discuss your needs! Daniel F. Kelleher Auctions, LLC America’s Oldest Philatelic Auction House • Established 1885 [email protected] 4 Finance Drive • Suite 100 Danbury, CT 06810 OUR 45TH YEAR OF PUBLISHING AMERICAN POSTAL HISTORY 1969-2014 www.kelleherauctions.com 203.297.6056 • Fax: 203.297.6059 LP 2014 4Q Cover.indd 1 1/2/15 1:20 PM La Posta 2012-05-15_Layout 1 5/15/12 4:40 PM Page 1 SCHUYLER J. RUMSEY AUCTIONS IS IN NEED OF esources STAMPS AND POSTAL HISTORY! [email protected] CATALOGUES AND PRICES REALIZED Images and descriptions for all current sale catalogues are avail- able from our website, as well as all sales going back to 1992, our Rarities sales from 1964 and selected name sales. POWER SEARCHTM Search by Scott number or keyword through all of the sales at our website. The best resource in philately for research. MY SIEGELTM The "Queen" of First Day Covers Sold $115,000 Save your Power Searches as want lists.
    [Show full text]
  • Birth of a Republic
    Chapter 3 Pre-Natal Labor in the Birth of a Republic Cromwell had on the Isthmus both American and Pana- de- pendent dnTrrrgoodwill forTheir livelihood. They were ac> "cusiomed to taking orders fr6m liliu because he, as general counsel of the railroad and of its owner, the New Panama Canal Company of France, was virtually the head of the operation. These potential instruments for revolution were Jose Augustin Arango, land agent and local attorney for the railroad, who was also its lobbyist in Bogota as Senator representing the Department of Panama; Captain James PL and port R. Beer^Jreight agent captain; James ^ perintendent; Herbert G. Prescott assist^FTuperintend- ent; and DrManuel Amador Guerrero, the railroad's med- """ ical officer! Senator Arango told some, but by no means all of the story of the "revolution" in his pamphlet, "Data for a His- 23 24 The Untold Story of Panama tory of the Independence^ It was printed in pamphlet form in 1905. Telltale data in an earlier version were de- leted. Even the 1905 pamphlet was removed from the Con- gressional Library in Washington. In it Arango said he re- fused to attend the 1903 session of the Colombian Congress because he was convinced the Hay-Herran Treaty would be rejected and that secession would be "the only way for the salvation of the Isthmus." Arango's official version was that he sought out Captain Beers, "a man of entire trustworthiness and excellent judg- ment having influence with persons in high places," and asked him to go to New York. Also that "Captain Beers ac- cepted the delicate mission and immediately left for the United States." The persons with influence in high places whom Beers knew were in Cromwell s office.
    [Show full text]
  • VIRGINIA the Birthplace of a Nation
    VIRGINIA The Birthplace of a Nation Created for free use in the public domain American Philatelic Society ©2010 • www.stamps.org Financial support for the development of these album pages provided by Mystic Stamp Company America’s Leading Stamp Dealer and proud of its support of the American Philatelic Society www.MysticStamp.com, 800-433-7811 Virginia Discovered The history of Virginia begins long before the Englishmen set foot in the New World. The land had been inhabited by Native Americans for several thousand years. The Algonquian, Iroquoian, Siouan all resided along the Central Atlantic coast. After the discovery of the New World, England, the Dutch Republic, France, Portugal, and Spain all attempted to establish New World colonies. A Spanish exploration party had come to the lower Chesapeake Bay region of Virginia about 1560 and met the Native Americans living on the Virginia Peninsula. The first English settlers arrived at Jamestown in 1607. Jamestown Exposition Issue Jamestown Exposition Issue Founding of Jamestown, 1607 Captain John Smith 1907 • Scott 329 1580–1631 1907 • Scott 328 Jamestown was founded in 1607 by a group of 104 English “gentlemen” who were sent by King James I to John Smith is remembered as the leader of the first English search for gold and a water route to the Orient. Disease, settlement in Virginia. Having endured the four month famine, and attacks from the Algonquians, took a toll on journey (from December 1606 to April 1607) to the New the initial population. However, with the determination World, the colonists only survived because of Smith’s “He of John Smith and the trading with Powhatan (chief of who does not work, will not eat” policy.
    [Show full text]
  • And the Interrelatioo' of the Panama Canal Jith Panama' S
    PANAMA' S VIEWPOINT OF THE REVOLUTION OF 1903 AND THE INTERRELATIOO' OF THE PANAMA CANAL JITH PANAMA ' S DEVELOP100IT i PA. •s VIEWPOil.YT OF TnE REVOLtrfI<! OF 190') D By ROBERT A. BRIG II llachcl.or of Arts Oklahoma. A & U College illmter, Okl.aho 1935 Subr:tl.tted to the Dopartrmnt of Eistory Oklaho1:1a At.,"l"icultural and { chanieal College In Partial FuU'il.lnent of tho Roquiremcnts For the Dozree of MASTER OF TS 1946 ii OKLAHffMA !61ICULTURAL &MECHAN1CAL COL LIBRARY JUN 24 1947 APPROVED BY: c;:-lii·hairm~ ~ esi ~~olDIDittee c;;-:d{QHead of thebetment~ " ill PREFACE The construction of a canal across the Isthmus of Panama ha.s been a subject for co.tl'lersation for the past four hundred years. It 111as first knovm by the µ-elates of Spain that a canal across the Isthmus of Panama v.ould be like a Deba,jo ~ llave to the King of Spain.J Bolivar~ the great emancipator of Colombia., assez:ted that a canal Fould soim day be built across the Isthnru.s of Pana.ma .. Several leading nations have considered the possibility of building a canal across the Isthmus: England, France and the United States. England never attempted it; . .,,y France tried, but finally gave it up as an impossi ble undertaking. I3-storians have written_ int(_? t!ieir _!rl.s_!.9ries ~~a~h~ United States., under Theod_s>!:_e Roosevelt, merel_y_ took_their navy and went do,m and took P~ama aw from Colombia. Historians fail to show that according to the Treaty of 1846., bet\7een }Jew Granada and the United States, Colombia had given the United States the right to construct, maintain and protect any type of transportation across the Isthmus of Pana.ma.
    [Show full text]
  • Settlement Colonialism: Compensatory Justice in United States Expansion, 1903-1941
    Settlement Colonialism: Compensatory Justice in United States Expansion, 1903-1941 Allison Powers Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Art and Sciences Columbia University 2017 © 2017 Allison Powers All rights reserved ABSTRACT Settlement Colonialism: Compensatory Justice in United States Expansion, 1903-1941 Allison Powers Between the mid nineteenth century and the early twentieth, the United States transformed from a set of contiguous states into a far-flung global empire. As foreign policymakers sought to justify this expansion through the framework of law, they turned to the concept of compensation to reconcile the large-scale dispossession that resulted from territorial acquisition with a political system committed to the protection of private property. The United States became a leading advocate of international claims settlement to resolve the legal problems that arose out of imperial expansion, submitting to a series of tribunals designed to award monetary compensation for life and property lost as a result of annexation. At face value, these Claims Commissions secured the peaceful resolution of political conflict through the seemingly neutral mechanism of the market. However, the arbitrations had unanticipated consequences for the U.S. government. When denied remedies in domestic forums, foreign nationals living in American territories used the process of international claims settlement to demand their own visions of justice. “Settlement Colonialism:
    [Show full text]