DOCSLIB.ORG

Periplaneta Americana

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Periplaneta Americana Host-Microbial Symbiosis Within the Digestive Tract of Periplaneta americana. Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Benjamin C. Jahnes Graduate Program in Microbiology The Ohio State University 2020 Dissertation Committee Professor Zakee Sabree, Advisor Professor Kelly Wrighton Professor Virginia Rich Professor Rachelle Adams 1 Copyrighted by Benjamin C. Jahnes 2020 2 Abstract Cockroaches as a model system allow us to explore a self-contained microbial community of incredible complexity, with the gut alone housing numerous members of the Eukarya, Bacteria, and Archaea, often in close symbiotic association with one another. This diversity provides us with the opportunity to examine a plethora of microbe/microbe and microbe/host interactions, with recent work in this area reviewed here. The ease of rearing the cockroach and its great resilience allows us to look at the cockroach as a blank slate, in the absence of gut microbiota, and set a baseline for growth through the establishment of germ-free insects. Assembling an aseptic isolation habitat of low cost and complexity is shown to aid in the maintenance of germ-free insects and allows for the selective reintroduction of gut bacterial isolates to the cockroach. The germ-free cockroach provides the potential to systematically examine interactions between the cockroach and the diversity of life that can be isolated from within the gut of the insect. In this work the germ-free cockroach is inoculated with gut microbiota through coprophagy and compared to wild-type cockroaches to examine the degree to which this behavior serves to provision the gut with symbiotic taxa, and examine the extent of bacterial stimulation of growth and development in wild-type compared to germ-free insects. A brief inoculation by coprophagy appears to endow cockroaches with a subset of the wild-type microbial community that is sufficient to induce growth phenotypes of ii the hindgut that are significantly different from, but intermediate to germ-free and wild- type cockroaches. Histological sectioning along the gut further refines the site of microbial stimulation of host gut development to the posterior midgut and anterior hindgut. Finally, several closely related and strongly host-associated cockroach gut Bacteroides are examined in relation to common mammalian gut Bacteroides, to examine to what extent insect Bacteroides have retained traits that may be required for host association and gut colonization. These native Bacteroides are then introduced to germ- free cockroaches in a defined community to examine genus-specific dynamics of gut colonization and host-growth promotion. The four reintroduced Bacteroides prove to have variable abilities to colonize a naïve gut environment and don’t positively contribute to cockroach development, in a monogeneric community. This demonstrates that more complex microbial community level interactions among gut microbiota and successional dynamics may contribute to preparing the gut environment for colonization by native gut microbiota, and host adaptation alone doesn’t guarantee microbe/host mutualism. iii Dedication I dedicate this work to my mom and dad who fostered a sense of wonder and encouraged my curiosity in the natural world and my brother and sister for being co-conspirators in exploration and general supporters in life. iv Acknowledgments I wish to acknowledge the numerous undergraduates that served as mentees who kept me company in the lab and aided variously in this work, including Sema Osman, Mady Herrmann, Jon Foltz, John Thundathil, Sophia Nicholas, and Keshap Poudel. Thank you to George Keeney for maintenance of the OSU Insectary Greenhouse Periplaneta americana colony. Thanks to Marymegan Daly and John Freudenstein for use of histology preparation equipment and lab space. Thanks to Leslie Jackson for use of a microscope and histology prep equipment. v Vita 1999……………………………………………………….West Muskingum High School 2003…………………………………………B.S. Biological Sciences, Cornell University 2004-2006…………………..……………………...U.S. Peace Corps, Niger, West Africa 2006-2013………………………………………………Flint Ridge Vineyard and Winery 2014-Present………...Graduate Teaching/Research Associate, The Ohio State University Publications Jahnes, B.C., Sabree, Z.L., 2020. Nutritional symbiosis and ecology of host-gut microbe systems in the Blattodea. Curr. Opin. Insect Sci. 39, 35–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cois.2020.01.001 Vera-Ponce de León, A., Jahnes, B.C., Duan, J., Camuy-Vélez, L.A., Sabree, Z.L., 2020. Cultivable, Host-Specific Bacteroidetes Symbionts Exhibit Diverse Polysaccharolytic Strategies. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.00091-20 Jahnes, B.C., Herrmann, M., Sabree, Z.L., 2019. Conspecific coprophagy stimulates normal development in a germ-free model invertebrate. PeerJ 7, e6914. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6914 Garrick, R.C., Sabree, Z.L., Jahnes, B.C., Oliver, J.C., 2017. Strong spatial-genetic congruence between a wood-feeding cockroach and its bacterial endosymbiont, across a topographically complex landscape. J. Biogeogr. 44, 1500–1511. https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.12992 Thirunavukkarasu, N., Jahnes, B., Broadstock, A., Rajulu, M.B.G., Murali, T.S., Gopalan, V., Suryanarayanan, T.S., 2015. Screening marine-derived endophytic fungi for xylan-degrading enzymes. Current Science (Vol. 109). vi Fields of Study Major Field: Microbiology vii Table of Contents Abstract ............................................................................................................................... ii Dedication .......................................................................................................................... iv Acknowledgments............................................................................................................... v Vita ..................................................................................................................................... vi List of Tables ...................................................................................................................... x List of Figures .................................................................................................................... xi General Introduction ........................................................................................................... 1 Chapter 1. Nutritional symbiosis and ecology of host-microbe systems in the Blattodea. 4 ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................... 4 Gut Microbial Diversity .................................................................................................. 4 Host Insect/Microbe Interactions .................................................................................... 7 Microbe/Microbe Interactions ...................................................................................... 10 Microbial Community Assembly .................................................................................. 12 Conclusions and Future Perspectives............................................................................ 14 Chapter 2. A Low Cost and Modular System for Rearing Germ-Free and Gnotobiotic American Cockroaches (Periplaneta americana). ........................................................... 15 ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................. 15 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................ 16 MATERIALS AND METHODS .................................................................................. 30 RESULTS ..................................................................................................................... 38 DISCUSSION ............................................................................................................... 49 Chapter 3. Conspecific Coprophagy Stimulates Normal Development in a Germ-Free Model Invertebrate. ........................................................................................................... 55 ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................. 55 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................ 56 viii MATERIALS AND METHODS .................................................................................. 59 RESULTS ..................................................................................................................... 64 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS ........................................................................ 74 Chapter 4. Microbial Colonization Promotes Epithelial Expansion in Gut Subcompartments of Periplaneta americana. .................................................................. 79 ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................. 79 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................ 80 MATERIALS AND METHODS .................................................................................. 82 RESULTS ..................................................................................................................... 89 DISCUSSION ..............................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The 2014 Golden Gate National Parks Bioblitz - Data Management and the Event Species List Achieving a Quality Dataset from a Large Scale Event
    National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Natural Resource Stewardship and Science The 2014 Golden Gate National Parks BioBlitz - Data Management and the Event Species List Achieving a Quality Dataset from a Large Scale Event Natural Resource Report NPS/GOGA/NRR—2016/1147 ON THIS PAGE Photograph of BioBlitz participants conducting data entry into iNaturalist. Photograph courtesy of the National Park Service. ON THE COVER Photograph of BioBlitz participants collecting aquatic species data in the Presidio of San Francisco. Photograph courtesy of National Park Service. The 2014 Golden Gate National Parks BioBlitz - Data Management and the Event Species List Achieving a Quality Dataset from a Large Scale Event Natural Resource Report NPS/GOGA/NRR—2016/1147 Elizabeth Edson1, Michelle O’Herron1, Alison Forrestel2, Daniel George3 1Golden Gate Parks Conservancy Building 201 Fort Mason San Francisco, CA 94129 2National Park Service. Golden Gate National Recreation Area Fort Cronkhite, Bldg. 1061 Sausalito, CA 94965 3National Park Service. San Francisco Bay Area Network Inventory & Monitoring Program Manager Fort Cronkhite, Bldg. 1063 Sausalito, CA 94965 March 2016 U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service Natural Resource Stewardship and Science Fort Collins, Colorado The National Park Service, Natural Resource Stewardship and Science office in Fort Collins, Colorado, publishes a range of reports that address natural resource topics. These reports are of interest and applicability to a broad audience in the National Park Service and others in natural resource management, including scientists, conservation and environmental constituencies, and the public. The Natural Resource Report Series is used to disseminate comprehensive information and analysis about natural resources and related topics concerning lands managed by the National Park Service.
    [Show full text]
  • Acetogen Communities in the Gut of Herbivores and Their Potential Role in Syngas Fermentation
    fermentation Article Acetogen Communities in the Gut of Herbivores and Their Potential Role in Syngas Fermentation Chunlei Yang Institute of Dairy Science, MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; [email protected] Received: 2 May 2018; Accepted: 4 June 2018; Published: 7 June 2018 Abstract: To better understand the effects of host selection on gut acetogens and their potential role in syngas fermentation, the composition and hydrogenotrophic features of acetogen populations in cow and sheep rumens, rabbit ceca, and horse feces were studied. The acetogens detected in horses and rabbits were more phylogenetically diverse than those in cows and sheep, suggesting that the host species plays an important role in shaping gut acetogen populations. Acetogen enrichments from these animals presented good capacities to use hydrogen, with acetate as the major end product. Minor propionate, butyrate, and isovalerate were also produced. During 48 h of incubation, acetogen enrichments from horse consumed 4.75 moles of H2 to every 1 mole of acetate—significantly lower than rabbits, cows, and sheep (5.17, 5.53, and 5.23 moles, respectively) (p < 0.05)—and produced significantly more butyrate (p < 0.05). Enrichments from cows and sheep produced significantly higher amounts of propionate when compared to rabbits or horses (p < 0.05); enrichments from sheep produced the highest amounts of isovalerate (p < 0.05). These short chain fatty acids are important precursors for the synthesis of biofuel products, suggesting that gut contents of herbivores may be promising sources for harvesting functional acetogens for biofuel production.
    [Show full text]
  • Feeding and Foraging Behaviors of Subterranean Termites (Isoptera:Rhinotermitidae)
    Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1989 Feeding and Foraging Behaviors of Subterranean Termites (Isoptera:Rhinotermitidae). Keith Scott elD aplane Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Delaplane, Keith Scott, "Feeding and Foraging Behaviors of Subterranean Termites (Isoptera:Rhinotermitidae)." (1989). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 4838. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/4838 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS The most advanced technology has been used to photograph and reproduce this manuscript from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely afreet reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand corner and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps.
    [Show full text]
  • Distribution and Population Dynamics of the Asian Cockroach
    DISTRIBUTION AND POPULATION DYNAMICS OF THE ASIAN COCKROACH (BLATTELLA ASAHINIA MIZUKUBO) IN SOUTHERN ALABAMA AND GEORGIA Except where reference is made to the work of others, the work described in this thesis is my own or was done in collaboration with my advisory committee. This thesis does not include proprietary or classified information. ___________________________________ Edward Todd Snoddy Certificate of Approval: ___________________________ ___________________________ Micky D. Eubanks Arthur G. Appel, Chair Associate Professor Professor Entomology and Plant Pathology Entomology and Plant Pathology ___________________________ ___________________________ Xing Ping Hu George T. Flowers Associate Professor Interim Dean Entomology and Plant Pathology Graduate School DISTRIBUTION AND POPULATION DYNAMICS OF THE ASIAN COCKROACH (BLATTELLA ASAHINIA MIZUKUBO) IN SOUTHERN ALABAMA AND GEORGIA Edward Todd Snoddy A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Auburn University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science Auburn, Alabama May 10, 2007 DISTRIBUTION AND POPULATION DYNAMICS OF THE ASIAN COCKROACH (BLATTELLA ASAHINIA MIZUKUBO) IN SOUTHERN ALABAMA AND GEORGIA Edward Todd Snoddy Permission is granted to Auburn University to make copies of this thesis at its discretion, upon request of individuals or institutions and at their expense. The author reserves all publication rights. _______________________ Signature of Author _______________________ Date of Graduation iii VITA Edward Todd Snoddy was born in Auburn, Alabama on February 28, 1964 to Dr. Edward Lewis Snoddy and Lucy Mae Snoddy. He graduated Sheffield High School, Sheffield, Alabama in 1981. He attended Alexander Junior College from 1981 to 1983 at which time he transferred to Auburn University. He married Tracy Smith of Uchee, Alabama in 1984.
    [Show full text]
  • Serial Horizontal Transfer of Vitamin-Biosynthetic Genes Enables the Establishment of New Nutritional Symbionts in Aphids’ Di-Symbiotic Systems
    The ISME Journal (2020) 14:259–273 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41396-019-0533-6 ARTICLE Serial horizontal transfer of vitamin-biosynthetic genes enables the establishment of new nutritional symbionts in aphids’ di-symbiotic systems 1 1 1 2 2 Alejandro Manzano-Marıń ● Armelle Coeur d’acier ● Anne-Laure Clamens ● Céline Orvain ● Corinne Cruaud ● 2 1 Valérie Barbe ● Emmanuelle Jousselin Received: 25 February 2019 / Revised: 24 August 2019 / Accepted: 7 September 2019 / Published online: 17 October 2019 © The Author(s) 2019. This article is published with open access Abstract Many insects depend on obligate mutualistic bacteria to provide essential nutrients lacking from their diet. Most aphids, whose diet consists of phloem, rely on the bacterial endosymbiont Buchnera aphidicola to supply essential amino acids and B vitamins. However, in some aphid species, provision of these nutrients is partitioned between Buchnera and a younger bacterial partner, whose identity varies across aphid lineages. Little is known about the origin and the evolutionary stability of these di-symbiotic systems. It is also unclear whether the novel symbionts merely compensate for losses in Buchnera or 1234567890();,: 1234567890();,: carry new nutritional functions. Using whole-genome endosymbiont sequences of nine Cinara aphids that harbour an Erwinia-related symbiont to complement Buchnera, we show that the Erwinia association arose from a single event of symbiont lifestyle shift, from a free-living to an obligate intracellular one. This event resulted in drastic genome reduction, long-term genome stasis, and co-divergence with aphids. Fluorescence in situ hybridisation reveals that Erwinia inhabits its own bacteriocytes near Buchnera’s. Altogether these results depict a scenario for the establishment of Erwinia as an obligate symbiont that mirrors Buchnera’s.
    [Show full text]
  • Symbiosis of the Millipede Parasitic
    Nagae et al. BMC Ecol Evo (2021) 21:120 BMC Ecology and Evolution https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-021-01851-4 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Symbiosis of the millipede parasitic nematodes Rhigonematoidea and Thelastomatoidea with evolutionary diferent origins Seiya Nagae1, Kazuki Sato2, Tsutomu Tanabe3 and Koichi Hasegawa1* Abstract Background: How various host–parasite combinations have been established is an important question in evolution- ary biology. We have previously described two nematode species, Rhigonema naylae and Travassosinema claudiae, which are parasites of the xystodesmid millipede Parafontaria laminata in Aichi Prefecture, Japan. Rhigonema naylae belongs to the superfamily Rhigonematoidea, which exclusively consists of parasites of millipedes. T. claudiae belongs to the superfamily Thelastomatoidea, which includes a wide variety of species that parasitize many invertebrates. These nematodes were isolated together with a high prevalence; however, the phylogenetic, evolutionary, and eco- logical relationships between these two parasitic nematodes and between hosts and parasites are not well known. Results: We collected nine species (11 isolates) of xystodesmid millipedes from seven locations in Japan, and found that all species were co-infected with the parasitic nematodes Rhigonematoidea spp. and Thelastomatoidea spp. We found that the infection prevalence and population densities of Rhigonematoidea spp. were higher than those of Thelastomatoidea spp. However, the population densities of Rhigonematoidea spp. were not negatively afected by co-infection with Thelastomatoidea spp., suggesting that these parasites are not competitive. We also found a positive correlation between the prevalence of parasitic nematodes and host body size. In Rhigonematoidea spp., combina- tions of parasitic nematode groups and host genera seem to be fxed, suggesting the evolution of a more specialized interaction between Rhigonematoidea spp.
    [Show full text]
  • Dugesiana, Año 22, No. 1, Enero-Junio 2015, Es Una Publicación Semestral, Editada Por La Universidad De Guadalajara, a Través
    Dugesiana, Año 22, No. 1, Enero-Junio 2015, es una publicación Semestral, editada por la Universidad de Guadalajara, a través del Centro de Estudios en Zoología, por el Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias. Camino Ramón Padilla Sánchez # 2100, Nextipac, Zapopan, Jalisco, Tel. 37771150 ext. 33218, http://dugesiana.cucba.udg.mx, [email protected]. Editor responsable: José Luis Navarrete Heredia. Reserva de Derechos al Uso Exclusivo 04-2009-062310115100-203, ISSN: 2007-9133, otorgados por el Instituto Nacional del Derecho de Autor. Responsable de la última actualización de este número: Coordinación de Tecnologías para el Aprendizaje, Unidad Multimedia Instruccional, M.B.A. Oscar Carbajal Mariscal. Fecha de la última modificación 30 de Junio 2015, con un tiraje de un ejemplar. Las opiniones expresadas por los autores no necesariamente reflejan la postura del editor de la publicación. Queda estrictamente prohibida la reproducción total o parcial de los contenidos e imágenes de la publicación sin previa autorización de la Universidad de Guadalajara. Dugesiana 22(1): 43-50 Fecha de publicación: 30 de junio de 2015 ©Universidad de Guadalajara Revision of Moorella Cameron, 1913 (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) Revisión de Moorella Cameron, 1913 (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) Serguei Vladimirovich Triapitsyn1 and Vladimir Alexandrovich Trjapitzin2 1Entomology Research Museum, Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, California, 92521, USA. 2Do vostrebovania, Post Office 129344 (ulitsa Letchika Babushkina, 7), Moscow, Russia. ABSTRACT A diagnosis of the New World encyrtid wasp genus Moorella Cameron, 1913, a key to females of its six species, their synopsis, and descriptions and illustrations of M. alini Trjapitzin and Triapitsyn sp. n. (Brazil), M. irwini Triapitsyn and Trjapitzin sp.
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluation of the Chemical Defense Fluids of Macrotermes Carbonarius
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Evaluation of the chemical defense fuids of Macrotermes carbonarius and Globitermes sulphureus as possible household repellents and insecticides S. Appalasamy1,2*, M. H. Alia Diyana2, N. Arumugam2 & J. G. Boon3 The use of chemical insecticides has had many adverse efects. This study reports a novel perspective on the application of insect-based compounds to repel and eradicate other insects in a controlled environment. In this work, defense fuid was shown to be a repellent and insecticide against termites and cockroaches and was analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC– MS). Globitermes sulphureus extract at 20 mg/ml showed the highest repellency for seven days against Macrotermes gilvus and for thirty days against Periplaneta americana. In terms of toxicity, G. sulphureus extract had a low LC50 compared to M. carbonarius extract against M. gilvus. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis of the M. carbonarius extract indicated the presence of six insecticidal and two repellent compounds in the extract, whereas the G. sulphureus extract contained fve insecticidal and three repellent compounds. The most obvious fnding was that G. sulphureus defense fuid had higher potential as a natural repellent and termiticide than the M. carbonarius extract. Both defense fuids can play a role as alternatives in the search for new, sustainable, natural repellents and termiticides. Our results demonstrate the potential use of termite defense fuid for pest management, providing repellent and insecticidal activities comparable to those of other green repellent and termiticidal commercial products. A termite infestation could be silent, but termites are known as destructive urban pests that cause structural damage by infesting wooden and timber structures, leading to economic loss.
    [Show full text]
  • Taxonomy, Biogeography, and Notes on Termites (Isoptera: Kalotermitidae, Rhinotermitidae, Termitidae) of the Bahamas and Turks and Caicos Islands
    SYSTEMATICS Taxonomy, Biogeography, and Notes on Termites (Isoptera: Kalotermitidae, Rhinotermitidae, Termitidae) of the Bahamas and Turks and Caicos Islands RUDOLF H. SCHEFFRAHN,1 JAN KRˇ ECˇ EK,1 JAMES A. CHASE,2 BOUDANATH MAHARAJH,1 3 AND JOHN R. MANGOLD Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 99(3): 463Ð486 (2006) ABSTRACT Termite surveys of 33 islands of the Bahamas and Turks and Caicos (BATC) archipelago yielded 3,533 colony samples from 593 sites. Twenty-seven species from three families and 12 genera were recorded as follows: Cryptotermes brevis (Walker), Cr. cavifrons Banks, Cr. cymatofrons Schef- Downloaded from frahn and Krˇecˇek, Cr. bracketti n. sp., Incisitermes bequaerti (Snyder), I. incisus (Silvestri), I. milleri (Emerson), I. rhyzophorae Herna´ndez, I. schwarzi (Banks), I. snyderi (Light), Neotermes castaneus (Burmeister), Ne. jouteli (Banks), Ne. luykxi Nickle and Collins, Ne. mona Banks, Procryptotermes corniceps (Snyder), and Pr. hesperus Scheffrahn and Krˇecˇek (Kalotermitidae); Coptotermes gestroi Wasmann, Heterotermes cardini (Snyder), H. sp., Prorhinotermes simplex Hagen, and Reticulitermes flavipes Koller (Rhinotermitidae); and Anoplotermes bahamensis n. sp., A. inopinatus n. sp., Nasuti- termes corniger (Motschulsky), Na. rippertii Rambur, Parvitermes brooksi (Snyder), and Termes http://aesa.oxfordjournals.org/ hispaniolae Banks (Termitidae). Of these species, three species are known only from the Bahamas, whereas 22 have larger regional indigenous ranges that include Cuba, Florida, or Hispaniola and beyond. Recent exotic immigrations for two of the regional indigenous species cannot be excluded. Three species are nonindigenous pests of known recent immigration. IdentiÞcation keys based on the soldier (or soldierless worker) and the winged imago are provided along with species distributions by island. Cr. bracketti, known only from San Salvador Island, Bahamas, is described from the soldier and imago.
    [Show full text]
  • Table S4. Phylogenetic Distribution of Bacterial and Archaea Genomes in Groups A, B, C, D, and X
    Table S4. Phylogenetic distribution of bacterial and archaea genomes in groups A, B, C, D, and X. Group A a: Total number of genomes in the taxon b: Number of group A genomes in the taxon c: Percentage of group A genomes in the taxon a b c cellular organisms 5007 2974 59.4 |__ Bacteria 4769 2935 61.5 | |__ Proteobacteria 1854 1570 84.7 | | |__ Gammaproteobacteria 711 631 88.7 | | | |__ Enterobacterales 112 97 86.6 | | | | |__ Enterobacteriaceae 41 32 78.0 | | | | | |__ unclassified Enterobacteriaceae 13 7 53.8 | | | | |__ Erwiniaceae 30 28 93.3 | | | | | |__ Erwinia 10 10 100.0 | | | | | |__ Buchnera 8 8 100.0 | | | | | | |__ Buchnera aphidicola 8 8 100.0 | | | | | |__ Pantoea 8 8 100.0 | | | | |__ Yersiniaceae 14 14 100.0 | | | | | |__ Serratia 8 8 100.0 | | | | |__ Morganellaceae 13 10 76.9 | | | | |__ Pectobacteriaceae 8 8 100.0 | | | |__ Alteromonadales 94 94 100.0 | | | | |__ Alteromonadaceae 34 34 100.0 | | | | | |__ Marinobacter 12 12 100.0 | | | | |__ Shewanellaceae 17 17 100.0 | | | | | |__ Shewanella 17 17 100.0 | | | | |__ Pseudoalteromonadaceae 16 16 100.0 | | | | | |__ Pseudoalteromonas 15 15 100.0 | | | | |__ Idiomarinaceae 9 9 100.0 | | | | | |__ Idiomarina 9 9 100.0 | | | | |__ Colwelliaceae 6 6 100.0 | | | |__ Pseudomonadales 81 81 100.0 | | | | |__ Moraxellaceae 41 41 100.0 | | | | | |__ Acinetobacter 25 25 100.0 | | | | | |__ Psychrobacter 8 8 100.0 | | | | | |__ Moraxella 6 6 100.0 | | | | |__ Pseudomonadaceae 40 40 100.0 | | | | | |__ Pseudomonas 38 38 100.0 | | | |__ Oceanospirillales 73 72 98.6 | | | | |__ Oceanospirillaceae
    [Show full text]
  • Blattabacterium Genome: Structure, Function, and Evolution Austin Alleman
    University of Texas at Tyler Scholar Works at UT Tyler Biology Theses Biology Spring 6-5-2014 Blattabacterium Genome: Structure, Function, and Evolution Austin Alleman Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.uttyler.edu/biology_grad Part of the Biology Commons Recommended Citation Alleman, Austin, "Blattabacterium Genome: Structure, Function, and Evolution" (2014). Biology Theses. Paper 20. http://hdl.handle.net/10950/215 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Biology at Scholar Works at UT Tyler. It has been accepted for inclusion in Biology Theses by an authorized administrator of Scholar Works at UT Tyler. For more information, please contact [email protected]. BLATTABACTERIUM GENOME: STRUCTURE, FUNCTION, AND EVOLUTION by AUSTIN ALLEMAN A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science Department of Biology Srini Kambhampati, Ph. D., Committee Chair College of Arts and Sciences The University of Texas at Tyler May 2014 © Copyright by Austin Alleman 2014 All rights reserved Acknowledgements I would like to thank the Sam A. Lindsey Endowment, without whose support this research would not have been possible. I would also like to thank my research advisor, Dr. Srini Kambhampati, for his knowledge, insight, and patience; and my committee, Dr. John S. Placyk, Jr. and Dr. Blake Bextine, for their assistance and feedback. “It is the supreme art of the teacher to awaken joy in creative expression and knowledge.” --Albert Einstein Table of Contents Chapter
    [Show full text]
  • A Nondichotomous Key to Protist Species Identification of Reticulitermes
    SYSTEMATICS A Nondichotomous Key to Protist Species Identification of Reticulitermes (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) 1 J. L. LEWIS AND B. T. FORSCHLER Department of Entomology, 413 Biological Sciences Building, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 99(6): 1028Ð1033 (2006) ABSTRACT A key was developed using morphological and behavioral characters to identify nine genera and 13 species of protists found in the hindgut of three Reticulitermes speciesÑ Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar), Reticulitermes virginicus (Banks), and Reticulitermes hageni BanksÑby using the online IDnature guides by Discover Life. There are seven characters and 13 taxa, each attached to species descriptions, digital stills, or movies to aid in protist species identiÞcation. We chose characters for protist species identiÞcation that were easy to observe with live samples and a light microscope at 400ϫ magniÞcation. All 11 protists from R. flavipes and nine each in R. virginicus and R. hageni were recognized using original and revised species descriptions. This was the Þrst report of the protist genera Trichomitus from both R. virginicus and R. hageni. KEY WORDS symbiotic protists, termite identiÞcation, anaerobic protists identiÞcation, Parabasa- lia, Oxymonadida The anaerobic symbiotic protist orders found in the (workers have Ϸ57 Ϯ 11%), because it is not found in hindgut of lower termites (Isoptera) include Tricho- R. virginicus and R. hageni (Lewis and Forschler monadida Kirby, Oxymonadida Grasse´, and Hyper- 2004b). Trichonympha agilis Leidy (1877) is Ϸ19 Ϯ 5% mastigida Grassi & Foa` (Yamin 1979). None of these of the protist population in R. virginicus compared protist species are found outside of the insect host with 4 Ϯ 3% in R.
    [Show full text]