Emily Doesn't Care If You Listen 3 Religious
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Emily Doesn't Care If You Listen 3 Religious Experiences Shrink Part of the Brain 14 The Fog of Cyberwar: What Are the Rules of Engagement? 16 Rings and Worms Tell the Tale of a Shipwreck Found at Ground Zero 19 Tevatron teams clash over new physics 21 Whose Money Is It, Anyway? 24 Species spellchecker fixes plant glitches 26 Researchers call for nuclear data release 28 Human cell becomes living laser 30 UK climate projects evaporate 32 Summit plots route to clean electricity 34 Phage on the rampage 36 Time up for relativity table-top test? 38 Underwater spiders use webs as 'gills' 40 Computer security: Is this the start of cyberwarfare? 42 Brightest supernovae are in a class of their own 48 Stem cells patch up 'broken' heart 50 Hepatitis C mouse model a major milestone 52 The True Significance of 'Gainful Employment' 54 Imagining Starting from Scratch 57 Teaching Them How to Think 59 Thank You for the Scholarship 62 F.D.A. Unveils New Rules About Sunscreen Claims 64 Digital Flirting — Easy to Do and Easy to Get Caught 66 My Therapist Won‘t Stop Yawning in Session 68 Lives Cut Short by Depression 70 Social Media Join Toolkit for Hunters of Disease 72 Evolution: Darwin's city 74 Hadrian's buildings catch the Sun 80 Genome study solves twins' mystery condition 82 Misconceptions about forest-dwellers overturned 84 Mouse library set to be knockout 86 Voyager at the edge 88 Physics of life: The dawn of quantum biology 90 Twisted structure preserved dinosaur proteins 94 Studies spy on a river's rage 96 Life hackers seek new tools 99 Sistema de Infotecas Centrales Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila Psychopharmacology in crisis 101 LEED the Gold Standard in Green? 103 Designing for Impact and Emotion 108 High Wired: Does Addictive Internet Use Restructure the Brain? 111 Spoonfuls of Medicine, Marketed for Centuries 114 Keeping Score on How You Take Your Medicine 116 When Running Up Mileage, 10 Percent Isn‘t the Cap 118 Stereotyping Patients, and Their Ailments 120 Teens and Stress 122 Emotion Affects Memory's Reliability 123 Bullies May Enjoy Seeing Others in Pain 125 Stretching Old Material Yields New Results for Energy- and Environment-related Devices 126 Fastest Sea-Level Rise in Two Millennia Linked to Increasing Global Temperatures 127 Atmospheric carbon dioxide buildup unlikely to spark abrupt climate change 128 Magnetic Properties of a Single Proton Directly Observed for the First Time 129 Earliest Art in Americas: Ice Age Image of Mammoth or Mastodon Found in Florida 131 Oldest Eurasian Hominoids Lived in Swabia: Molar Tooth Dated at 17 Million Years 133 Cutting Edge Training Developed the Human Brain 80,000 Years Ago 135 How Dense Is a Cell? 137 Astronomers Discover That Galaxies Are Either Asleep or Awake 139 Multiple Ocean Stresses Threaten 'Globally Significant' Marine Extinction 141 Bacteria Develop Restraint for Survival in a Rock-Paper-Scissors Community 143 Can Humans Sense Earth's Magnetism? 145 Mothers' Self-Recorded Audio Gives Unique Real-Time View of Spanking 147 Teeming With Life, Pacific's California Current Likened to Africa's Serengeti Plain 150 Pandora's Cluster: A Galactic Crash Investigation 153 Waste Heat Converted to Electricity Using New Alloy 156 Species May Adapt Quickly to Rapid Environmental Change 158 Fastest Sea-Level Rise in 2,000 Years Linked to Increasing Global Temperatures 160 Fourier Key to New Computer Vision That Mimics How Humans Perceive 3-D Shapes 162 Unexpected Function of Dyslexia-Linked Gene: Controlling Cilia of Cells 164 Mystery Ingredient in Coffee Boosts Protection Against Alzheimer's Disease 166 Buzz Kills: No Amount of Alcohol Safe to Drive 169 Fat Substitutes Linked to Weight Gain 171 Shock and Recall: Negative Emotion May Enhance Memory 173 Did Climate Change Cause Greenland's Ancient Viking Community to Collapse? 175 Self-Assembling Electronic Nano-Components 177 Human Vaccine Used to Cure Prostate Cancer in Mice 179 Arctic Snow Can Harbor Deadly Assassin: Killer Fungal Strains 181 Glimpsing the End of Our Solar System 183 Spitzer Space Telescope Spies Powerful Light of Giant 'O' Stars 185 Intelligent Onboard Transportation Systems to Prevent Car Crashes? 187 Progress Using Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells to Reverse Blindness 189 Dawn of Agriculture Took Toll On Health 191 Spectacular Hubble View of Centaurus A 193 Scientists Turn Memories Off and On With Flip of Switch 195 Wireless Sensor Measures and Inputs Intense Body Movements to Computer 197 Noninvasive Brain Implant Could Someday Translate Thoughts Into Movement 199 2 Infoteca’s E-Journal No. 163 August 2011 Sistema de Infotecas Centrales Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila Emily Doesn't Care If You Listen By Noah Stern Weber Published: June 8, 2011 "Cope remembered that Bach wasn't a machine—once in a while, he broke his rules for the sake of aesthetics. The program didn't break any rules; Cope hadn't asked it to." —Ryan Blitstein, "Triumph of the Cyborg Composer," Miller-McCune, February 22, 2010. Technology evolves at such a fast pace that it is often difficult to discuss a new innovation critically without fearing that the argument will be anachronistic before the discussion is even complete. Yet we must consider the software and hardware around us as they relate directly to the moment we live in, for any attempts at trying to write about the evolution or limitations of the technology of the future is a folly. To date, there is very little by way of critical analysis of David Cope's computer programs "Emmy" and "Emily Howell" outside of the relatively esoteric field of research into artificial intelligence, and thus I hope to offer one as best as 2011 will allow. Emmy (a play on EMI—Experiments in Musical Intelligence) is software, capable of creating original music when given certain parameters. If Bach's six Brandenburg Concerti are uploaded into the program, a new work "in the style" of the Concerti will appear. If Mahler's Ninth Symphony, Schoenberg's Verklärte Nacht, and Zemlinsky's Lyric Symphony are synthesized by Emmy, a work of distinctly late 19th-century Vienna will be produced. As a strong proponent of computer sciences as they relate to music, Cope felt the desire to go further with artificially intelligent composition and put aside the program that merely synthesized the works of previous composers to create a new, dynamic platform, "Emily Howell." Emily only uses musical 3 Infoteca’s E-Journal No. 163 August 2011 Sistema de Infotecas Centrales Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila sources produced by Emmy, which include everything from Navajo Songs to Mahler, and (officially) the only living composer whose work is present in the database is Cope's. The implications of these programs are tremendous. For musicians and audiences alike, the progress and even nature of music could be fundamentally changed. If a computer program could create new music with the push of a button, customizable to anyone's taste and without distinct intellectual copyright issues, it would revolutionize the way music is produced and consumed in everyday life. Yet there are technical, philosophical, and practical issues which must be considered when weighing the value of Emmy and Emily Howell in society. How does Emily potentially affect music from the perspectives of composers, performers, computer programmers, classical music fans, and the general public? Does Emily live up to Cope's claims regarding Howell's capacity? What is Music? The answer might seem obvious, but it is important to define what music is before it can properly be discussed. Leonard Bernstein argued in his 1973 Norton Lectures (later titled The Unanswered Question) that based upon Noam Chomsky's analysis of languages, syntax, and grammar, music functions as a language. By extension, it suggests that music is just a root—as the Phoenician and Cyrillic alphabets offer basic structures for languages to be built, so can music be parsed in various ways to offer many languages. Thus music is not a universal language. Contrary to romantic notions that music transcends nation, culture, and status, any Western listener who has ever sat down to traditional Tibetan chants can attest that what one culture considers sacred, another would consider cacophonous. Tritones (and their surrounding microtones) are considered harmonious in many of these musical languages, while Western classical music referred to the tritone as "the Devil's Interval" for a significant period of time—not only unpleasant but, by association, immoral. Languages also inherently evolve over time; while Chaucer wrote in "English," it is virtually unintelligible to the modern speaker. A mid-point can be seen in Shakespeare—certainly understandable to an English speaker, but syntactically far removed from our present language. Each musical language evolves as well. During the Renaissance, Western classical music revolved around modal harmonies, with the Ionian and Aeolian (major and minor) scales rarely used. From the Baroque until midway through the Romantic Period, Ionian and Aeolian (tonal) harmonies were the principal musical dialects. Toward the end of the Romantic period, tonal harmony began to disintegrate and a slew of new harmonic structures were used. Music then can be said not only to function as a language, but to evolve as one as well. While not immediately capable of relaying concrete ideas (i.e. "Go take out the garbage!"), it is nonetheless a form of communication: A poetic communication, with grammatical and syntactical rules guiding its usage and comprehensibility as the language evolves. Ultimately, the discussion involves intention. A language is a collection of sounds, organized into roots, expanded into words, and then governed by grammar to take otherwise incoherent tones and give them meaning. Neither "hjew wejklf jjeih" nor "anatomical shelf run quarry" conveys anything, because they are not following the basic rules of the language used to write this essay.