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The Episcopal Chruch Comes to Mount Desert Island

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The Episcopal Chruch Comes to Mount Desert Island St. Mary's By the Sea, Northea t Harbor before 1903 St. Saviour's Church, Bar Harbor 20 The Episcopal Church The Episcopal Church Comes to Mount Desert Island by The Rev. Edwin Atlee Garrett, If/, Th.M. Hi story examined in depth brings an awareness that nothing exists in isolati on. Every event, every action, every concept has both antecedents and consequences. As with all things, the story of the Episcopal Church on Mount Desert Island is not an isolated event or series of the m; it has roots th at stretch beyond the shores of Maine to England and in A postoli c Succession to Pentecost itself. We start with this fact: the Episcopal Church is the Ameri can branch-a sister communion-of the Church of E ngland. It came into being as a consequence of the American Revolution; with this ori gin it also embodies the democrati c principles of that Revolu tion. Its Constitution was written by many of the same men who led the Revolution and brought fo rth the Constitution of the United States of America. Perh aps th e first use on Maine soil of the Book of Common Prayer1 occurred on August 7, 1605 , at the foot of the cross erected by George Waymouth on an island whic h he call ed "St. George's"-most likely Monhegan.2 The first recorded servi ces in Main e-the first being a Thanksgivin g Service conducted by the Rev. Ri chard Seymour- were at the Popham Colony at the mouth of the Kennebec in 1607 .3 Sir Ferdinando Gorges later brought several Angli can clergy to hi s royal grant territory in th e Saco area.4 It did not tak_e long, however, fo r controversy to ari se between those loyal to the Churc h of E ngland and the Puritan cle rgy of Massachusetts. 5 This went beyond debate to imprisonment fo r the Rev. Ri chard Gibson by the Court of Massachusetts, charged as being " wholl y addicted to th e hi erarchy and di scipline of England." Hi s successor, th e Rev. Robert Jordan, was equally persecuted by the Puritan clergy; he was wealthy, a prominent landowner in Spurwink resisting encroac hment by Massachusetts, and a strong supporter of the Church of England . In constant di sfavor with the Massachu setts governme nt, he was frequently censured for exercising hi s authority as a priest in marri ages, bapti sms, and other rites of the Church of England. After bapti zing three children in a portabl e fo nt (now in the coll ection of the Main e Hi stori cal Society) Robert Jordan was carri ed in chains to Boston. 6 Foll owing Jord an's death in 1679, regul ar services of th e Book of Common Prayer ceased for about eighty years until 1755 when, by request of the settl ers, a mi ssionary from the E ngli sh Society for the Propagati on of the Gospe l in Foreign Parts arrived at Dresden (th en Pownalborough) and Georgetow n. The most faithful of these was Jacob B ail ey, a Harvard graduate, who was raised in the Congregati oni st Puritan tradition, converted to the Church of E ngland , and offered himself fo r work on Maine's "Eastern Frontie r." To be ordained Episcopal Church 21 be bad to go to England. This handicap to an effecti ve ministry by American Angli cans was not removed until after the Revolution. Maine, being the "Eastern Frontier" since the seventeenth century, had the characteristi cs of every frontie r. Away fro m the coastal towns, as in the 19th century West, frontier conditions fostered a less fo rmal manner of worship; neither was there opportunity for, or emphasis on, an educated clergy as required by both Congregati onali sts and Epi scopali ans.7 Hence, the Congregati onal Church (though State supported even into Maine's statehood) became associated with the professional class and merchants in the prosperous coastal towns. T he Epi scopal Church, however, fo r its first half-century was still ex periencing the consequences of associati on with th e British Crown, which had cost the Church so many members during the Revolution. In the minds of many the di stincti on between the Engli sh Church and the Eng li sh State became blurred. Thus, the second Epi scopal Church in Maine, Christ Church, Gardiner (then call ed St. Ann's), built in 1771 by the noted Boston surgeon Dr. Sylvester Gardiner, was burned on August 22, 1793 by a deranged Revolutionary War veteran who fe lt himself "call ed by God" to burn the church and murder the rector, the Rev. Joseph Warren.8 The cl ergyman fo rtunately was absent; not so fo rtunate was a Kennebec Va ll ey housewife, Mrs. Warren, who hav in g the same name apparently met the veteran's requirement fo r fulfilling hi s idea of 'divine mandate.' 9 The first Epi scopal Church in Main e, having been built in 1763, was the old St. Paul 's, Falm outh, whi ch had been rebuilt after Lieutenant Henry Mowatt, of the Royal Navy, burned it and the town of Falmouth, as Portland was then known, in October 1775. 10 These two burnings were for albeit opposite reasons, yet in volved the two Angli can churches in Main e. ln 1820 the Diocese of Maine was establi shed by these two congregations, St. Ann 's and St. Paul 's, just one month after the Di stri ct of Maine had become the State of Main e. It was a tribute to the commitment of both clergy and lai ty th at many additional E pi scopal congregati ons had come into being between 1820 and the 20th of Jul y, 1867, when Henry Adams Neely, newly consecrated at Trinity Church, New York City, as the second Bishop of M ain e, arri ved on Mount Desert Island. 11 He came at the invitati on of his Portland neighbor Jonathan Ignatius Stevens. Bishop Neely sail ed from Portl and with the in tention of conducting a service in th e Hulls Cove schoolhouse built by Capt. Stevens in 1863. Delayed by a gale, Bp. Neely's vessel put in on Saturday ni ght at Northeast Harbor and th e next morning he walked to Hulls Cove, di scovering that, not o nl y was he far too late fo r the scheduled service, but Capt. Stevens had been call ed back to Portland by un expected busin ess requirements. 22 Episcopal Church Hav ing missed the intended service at the Hulls Cove schoolhouse, Bishop Neely walked that July afternoon to Bar Harbor where he organized and conducted an evening service for a group of vacati oni ng Epi scopali ans at the increasingly expanding hotel called the Rodi ck House. Before a week had passed, the Bishop was back in Portl and at the bedside of Captain Stevens, who had suddenly taken ill and was breathing hi s last. Bishop Neely promised to send a clergyman to Hulls Cove as soon as he could. Recogni zing an opportunity for mi ssion, he returned to Mount Desert Island himself later that summer, the next year, and thereafter. By th e summer of 1870 there were enough individuals-both ' ru sti cators' and local people at East Eden (later Bar Harbor)-to form a congregati on and choose a name from the Vi ctorian-romanticized tales of French settle ment in Acadi a: "Sain t Saviour," an angli cizing of "Saint Sauveur," the short- li ved Jesuit colony of 1613. 12 Summer services of worship were held either in , if availabl e, the 1855 Uni on Church by the Rodi ck Family Burying Ground , now Mount Desert Street Bury ing Ground, or at one of the hotels. 13 There was neither a book for recording worship services nor a Pari sh Register fo r recording communicants, baptisms, bu rials, or other official acts during the peri od between 1867 and 1879; hence, bapti sms-and reportedl y they did occur -were probabl y recorded by officiating clergy in their home pari shes elsewhere. T his was also true of those occasional summertime cele brati ons of the Holy Communion. Impetus fo r the gathering of the first Epi scopal Congregation o n M ount Desert Island , whi ch was also the first in Hancock Coun ty, came not o nl y from peopl e like Capt. Stevens a nd Bishop Neely, but fro m summer visitors-both clergy and laity-from Boston, New York, and Philadelphia. The " pilgrim age" character of the congregati on, moving for worshi p to whatever site mi ght be avail able, is symboli zed by a crystal bowl used fo r baptisms in this earl y peri od, now among the treasured pos essio ns of St. Saviour's. Land on Philadelphi a Avenue, now Mount Desert Street, was purchased in 1875 by Gouvern eur Morris Ogden, a Vestryman of Trinity Chu rch, New York C ity, who built in 1868 -1 869 the second summer cottage, afte r fell ow­ Epi scopali an Alpheus Hardy, a wealthy and cultured clipper trade merchant, built his in 1868. That land, to provide the future site for St. Saviour's, was transferred to the Trustees of the Epi scopal Diocese of Maine. The Trustees, in 1876, conveyed the title to Gardiner Sherman, of New Yo rk, who had offered to build a church.
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