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Hematologia.La Sangre Y Sus Enfermedades

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Hematologia.La Sangre Y Sus Enfermedades Hematología La sangre y sus enfermedades Hematología La sangre y sus enfermedades Segunda edición José Carlos Jaime Pérez Subdirector de Estudios de Posgrado de la Facultad de Medicina y del Hospital Universitario “Dr. José E. González” Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León Jefe de Enseñanza e Investigación del Servicio de Hematología Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León Doctor en Medicina Inmunohematólogo Dr. David Gómez Almaguer Hematólogo, Profesor de Hematología y Medicina Interna, Jefe del Servicio de Hematología del Centro Universitario Contra el Cáncer, Facultad de Medicina y Hospital Universitario “Dr. José E. González” de la Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, México Investigador Nacional, Sistema Nacional de Investigadores, Miembro de la Academia Nacional de Medicina y de la Academia Mexicana de Ciencias MÉXICO • BOGOTÁ • BUENOS AIRES • CARACAS • GUATEMALA • LISBOA MADRID • NUEVA YORK • SAN JUAN • SANTIAGO • SAO PAULO AUCKLAND • LONDRES • MILÁN • MONTREAL • NUEVA DELHI SAN FRANCISCO • SIDNEY • SINGAPUR • ST. LOUIS • TORONTO Director editorial: Javier de León Fraga Editor sponsor: Gabriel Romero Hernández Supervisor de edición: Norma Leticia García Carbajal Supervisor de producción: José Luis González Huerta Corrección de estilo: Eduardo Grijalva Gómez NOTA La medicina es una ciencia en constante desarrollo. Conforme surjan nuevos conocimientos, se requerirán cambios de la terapéutica. El (los) autor(es) y los editores se han esforzado para que los cuadros de dosificación medicamentosa sean precisos y acordes con lo establecido en la fecha de publicación. Sin embargo, ante los posibles errores humanos y cambios en la medicina, ni los editores ni cualquier otra persona que haya participado en la preparación de la obra garantizan que la información contenida en ella sea precisa o completa, tampoco son responsables de errores u omisiones, ni de los resultados que con dicha información se obtengan. Convendría recurrir a otras fuentes de datos, por ejemplo, y de manera particular, habrá que consultar la hoja informativa que se adjunta con cada medicamento, para tener certeza de que la información de esta obra es precisa y no se han introducido cambios en la dosis recomendada o en las contraindicaciones para su administración. Esto es de particular importancia con respecto a fármacos nuevos o de uso no frecuente. También deberá consultarse a los laboratorios para recabar información sobre los valores normales. HEMATOLOGÍA. LA SANGRE Y SUS ENFERMEDADES Prohibida la reproducción total o parcial de esta obra, por cualquier medio, sin la autorización escrita del editor. DERECHOS RESERVADOS © 2009, 2005 respecto a la segunda edición en español por, McGRAW-HILL INTERAMERICANA EDITORES, S.A. DE C.V. A Subsidiary of Th e McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Prolongación Paseo de la Reforma 1015, Torre A, Piso 17, Col. Desarrollo Santa Fe, Delegación Álvaro Obregón, C.P. 01376, México, D.F. Miembro de la Cámara Nacional de la Industria Editorial Mexicana, Reg. Núm. 736 ISBN-13: 978-970-10-6920-2 1234567890 08765432109 Impreso en México Printed in Mexico Contenido Capítulo 1 Capítulo 8 Célula madre hematopoyética Esferocitosis hereditaria 35 y hematopoyesis 1 Dr. José Carlos Jaime Pérez Dr. José Carlos Jaime Pérez Dr. David Gómez Almaguer Capítulo 9 Defi ciencia de la deshidrogenasa Capítulo 2 de glucosa-6-fosfato (G6PD) 39 Breve historia de la hematología I: Dr. José Carlos Jaime Pérez las anemias 5 Capítulo 10 Dr. José Carlos Jaime Pérez Drepanocitosis 43 Dr. José Carlos Jaime Pérez Capítulo 3 Anemia: consideraciones generales Capítulo 11 y clasifi cación 13 Talasemias 47 Dr. David Gómez Almaguer Dr. Guillermo Ruiz Reyes Capítulo 4 Capítulo 12 Interpretación de la biometría hemática 17 Anemia hemolítica autoinmune 51 Dr. José Carlos Jaime Pérez Dr. Carlos Almaguer Gaona Capítulo 13 Capítulo 5 Enfermedad hemolítica del recién nacido 57 Anemia ferropénica 23 Dr. Óscar González Llano Dr. Óscar González Llano Capítulo 14 Capítulo 6 Hemoglobinuria paroxística nocturna 61 Anemia megaloblástica 27 Dr. Carlos Almaguer Gaona Dr. David Gómez Almaguer Capítulo 15 Capítulo 7 Hemocromatosis 67 Dr. Guillermo J. Ruiz Delgado Anemia aplásica 31 Dr. Guillermo J. Ruiz Argüelles Dra. Olga Graciela Cantú Rodríguez Dr. Miguel A. Gómez Guijosa vi Contenido Capítulo 16 Capítulo 26 Breve historia de la hematología II. Mieloma múltiple 123 Las leucemias 71 Dr. Jorge Vela Ojeda Dr. José Carlos Jaime Pérez Dra. Miriam A. García Ruiz Esparza Capítulo 17 Capítulo 27 Leucemia linfoblástica aguda 77 Macroglobulinemia de Waldenström 129 Dr. David Gómez Almaguer Dr. José Carlos Jaime Pérez Dr. José Carlos Jaime Pérez Capítulo 28 Capítulo 18 Breve historia de la hematología IV: Leucemia mieloblástica aguda 83 Dr. David Gómez Almaguer la coagulación sanguínea 133 Dr. José Carlos Jaime Pérez Capítulo 19 Capítulo 29 Leucemia linfocítica crónica y leucemia de células pilosas 87 Fisiología de la coagulación I. Dra. Olga Graciela Cantú Rodríguez Función plaquetaria 137 Dr. José Carlos Jaime Pérez Dr. Luis Javier Marfi l Rivera Capítulo 20 Capítulo 30 Leucemia granulocítica crónica 93 Fisiología de la coagulación II. Dr. José Luis Herrera Garza Dra. Olga Graciela Cantú Rodríguez Fases plasmática y fi brinolítica 145 Dr. Luis Javier Marfi l Rivera Capítulo 21 Síndromes mieloproliferativos crónicos: Capítulo 31 policitemia vera, trombocitosis esencial Evaluacion del paciente y mielofi brosis 97 con hemorragia anormal 155 Dra. Olga Graciela Cantú Rodríguez Dr. Luis Javier Marfi l Rivera Capítulo 22 Capítulo 32 Síndromes mielodisplásicos 103 Enfermedades hemorrágicas por defectos Dr. David Gómez Almaguer vasculares y plaquetarios 161 Capítulo 23 Dr. Luis Javier Marfi l Rivera Breve historia de la hematología III. Capítulo 33 Los linfomas y el mieloma múltiple 107 Dr. José Carlos Jaime Pérez Enfermedades hemorrágicas por defectos de la fase plasmática y de la fi brinólisis 169 Capítulo 24 Dr. Luis Javier Marfi l Rivera Linfoma de Hodgkin 113 Dr. David Gómez Almaguer Capítulo 34 Dr. Homero Gutiérrez Aguirre Estado hipercoagulable. Trombofi lia 179 Capítulo 25 Dr. Luis Javier Marfi l Rivera. Linfomas no Hodgkin 117 Capítulo 35 Dr. David Gómez Almaguer Dr. Homero Gutiérrez Aguirre Púrpura trombocitopénica inmunológica 185 Dr. José Carlos Jaime Pérez Dr. José Carlos Jaime Pérez Contenido vii Capítulo 36 Capítulo 45 Púrpura trombocitopénica trombótica Banco de sangre de cordón umbilical 235 y síndrome urémico hemolítico 191 Dra. Consuelo Mancías Guerra Dr. David Gómez Almaguer Dra. Luz del Carmen Tarín Arzaga Capítulo 46 Dr. José Carlos Jaime Pérez Sistema HLA y su importancia en hematología 241 Capítulo 37 Dr. José Carlos Jaime Pérez Breve historia de la hematología V. Capítulo 47 La transfusión sanguínea y el trasplante de células hematopoyéticas 195 Trasplante de células progenitoras Dr. José Carlos Jaime Pérez hematopoyéticas 245 Dr. David Gómez Almaguer Capítulo 38 Dr. José Carlos Jaime Pérez Introducción a la medicina de transfusión 201 Capítulo 48 Dr. José Carlos Jaime Pérez Principios de inmunología aplicados Dr. Mario César Salinas Carmona a la hematología 251 Dr. Mario César Salinas Carmona Capítulo 39 Pruebas de compatibilidad previas Capítulo 49 a la transfusión y la prueba de la Fundamentos de biología antiglobulina humana o de Coombs 205 molecular en hematología 259 Dr. Carlos Almaguer Gaona Dr. Javier Garcés Eisele Dra. Virginia Reyes Núñez Capítulo 40 Dr. Alejandro Ruiz Argüelles Terapia con componentes sanguíneos 211 Capítulo 50 Dr. José Carlos Jaime Pérez Biología molecular en las enfermedades Capítulo 41 hematológicas 263 Dr. Javier Garcés Eisele Guías para la transfusión sanguínea 219 Dra. Virginia Reyes Núñez Dr. José Carlos Jaime Pérez Dr. Alejandro Ruiz Argüelles Dr. Eduardo Vázquez Garza Capítulo 51 Capítulo 42 Valores normales y pruebas especiales Aspectos prácticos de la transfusión en el laboratorio de hematología 271 de la sangre y sus fracciones 223 Dr. Carlos Almaguer Gaona Dr. José Carlos Jaime Pérez Capítulo 52 Capítulo 43 El frotis de la sangre periférica Transfusión masiva 227 en las enfermedades hematológicas Dr. Luis Javier Marfi l Rivera más frecuentes 279 Dra. Luz del Carmen Tarín Arzaga Capítulo 44 Glosario 285 Hemoféresis 231 Dr. José Carlos Jaime Pérez Índice 291 Colaboradores Dr. Carlos Almaguer Gaona Investigador Nacional, Sistema Nacional de Investigadores, Patólogo Clínico, Profesor de Hematología. Miembro de la Academia Nacional de Medicina y de la Academia Servicio de Hematología, Departamento de Medicina Interna, Mexicana de Ciencias. Centro Universitario contra el Cáncer, Facultad de Medicina y Hospital Universitario “Dr. José E. González” de la Universidad Dr. Miguel A. Gómez Guijosa Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, México Hematólogo. Servicio de Hematología, Departamento de Medici- na Interna, Centro Universitario contra el Cáncer, Facultad de Dra. Olga G. Cantú Rodríguez Medicina y Hospital Universitario “Dr. José E. González” de la Hematóloga, Profesora de Hematología y Medicina Interna. Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, México. Coordinadora del Programa de Trasplante de Células Hematopo- yéticas. Dr. Óscar González Llano Servicio de Hematología, Departamento de Medicina Interna, Hematólogo Pediatra, Profesor de Hematología. Centro Universitario contra el Cáncer, Facultad de Medicina y Servicio de Hematología, Departamento de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario “Dr. José E. González” de la Universidad Centro Universitario contra el Cáncer, Facultad de Medicina y Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, México. Hospital Universitario
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