A51-1/1992
Jd4 ". ~ • , • .I ,'. "J Research Branch . ., .j Directory of Research o Annuaire de /a recherche Direction generale de la recherche
UNIVERSITY OF P.E.1. ',,1ERNMENT DOCUMENTS 1992 LIBRARY USE ONLY
New. Nouveau Index .. 187
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AGRICULTURE CANADA AGRICULTURE CANADA RESEARCH BRANCH DIRECTION GENERALE DE LA.RECHERCHE RESEARCH PROGRAM SERVICE SERVICE AUX PROGRAMMES DE RECHERCHES . K.W. NEATBY BUILDING EDIFICE K.W.NEATBY ROOM 2127 PIECE 2127 OITAWA, ONTARIO OITAWA (ONTARIO)
K1A0C6 Research Branch Directory of Research o Annuaire de /a recherche Direction generale de la recherche
1992
Research Branch
Direction gemerale de la recherche
Agriculture Canada Publication 5252
1992 Agriculture Canada Publication 5252 Agriculture Canada Publication 5252 available from On peut en obtenir des exemplaires a la Communications Branch, Agriculture Canada Direction generale des communications Ottawa, ant. KIA OC7 Agriculture Canada, Ottawa (ant.) KIA OC7 @Ministerof Supply and Services Canada 1992 @Ministredes Approvisionnements et Services Canada 1992 Cat. No. A51-l/1992 ISBN 0-662-59249-2 N° de cat. A51-1/1992 ISBN 0-662-59249-2 Printed 1992 3.5M-1O:92 Impression 1992 3,5M-I0:92 Produced by Research Program Service Production du Service aux programmes de recherches CONTENTS TABLE DES MATIERES
Questionnaire Questionnaire i Foreword vi Avant-propos vii
Headquarters 1 Administrationcentrale 1 Branch Executive 1 Haute direction 1 Organization of the Research Organisation de la Direction generale de Branch 2 la recherche 3 Programs at major Programmes aux principaux establishments 4 etablissements 4 Operational plan framework 5 Cadre du plan operationnel 6 Map of major research Carte des principaux etablissements de establishments 7 recherches 7
Research Coordination 9 Coordination de la recherche 9
Strategies and Planning 15 Strategies et planification 15 Industry Relations 17 Relations industrielles 17 Management Strategies and Services 20 Strategies et des services de gestion 20 Policy Analysis and Planning 22 Planification et analyse des politiques 22 Research Program Service 24 Service aux programmes de recherches 24
Eastern Region 29 Region de rEst 29 St. John's 31 St. John's 31 Charlottetown 34 Charlottetown 34 Kentville 39 Kentville 39 Fredericton 44 Fredericton 44 Lennoxville 49 Lennoxville 49 Sainte-Foy 53 Sainte-Foy 53 Saint-Hyacinthe 58 Saint-Hyacinthe 58 Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu 63 Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu 63 Harrow 67 Harrow 67 Kapuskasing 72 Kapuskasing 72 London 74 London 74
Central ExperimentalFarm 85 Ferme experimentale centrale 85 Centre for Food and Animal Centre de recherches alimentaires et Research 87 zootechniques 87 Centre for Land and Biological Centre de recherches sur les terres et les Resources Research 98 ressources biologiques 98 Plant Research Centre 114 Centre de recherches phytotechniques 114
WesternRegion 121 Region de rOuest 121 Brandon 123 Brandon 123 Morden 127 Morden 127 Winnipeg 131 Winnipeg 131 Regina 137 Regina 137 Saskatoon 141 Saskatoon 141 Swift Current 150 Swift Current 150 Beaverlodge 155 Beaverlodge 155 Lacombe 158 Lacombe 158 Lethbridge 163 Lethbridge 163 Agassiz 172 Agassiz 172 Summerland 175 Summerland 175 Vancouver 183 Vancouver 183
Index 187 Index 187
Directory of Research 1992 v FOREWORD Today, the Canadian agri-food industry faces station advisory committees also work with This Directory of Research outlines some unprecedented challenges to its competitive us in setting priorities that will meet the highlights of the work done by the Research position. Internatiomil trading patterns are future needs of the industry. Branch to respond to the agri-food sector's changing and old markets are disappearing. In order to deliver on the Research need for improved product quality and The agri-food sector requires marketing and Branch objective, the branch has four reduced unit costs in each of the four areas development strategies that are responsive principle areas of business in which it of research. to client needs and are based on the most conducts work: advanced technologies available in the Brian Morrissey • resource conservation research Assistant Deputy Minister, R(~search world. • crop research The Research Branch can respond by • animal research providing the sector with new products for • food research. emerging markets and the technology Research programs and projects in each of needed to improve their quality and these four areas are conducted at different productivity. The branch has identified its locations across Canada. objective as follows: The cost of maintaining the To improve the long-term infrastructure for research has increased. In competitiveness of the Canadian addition, the need to build strong, agri-food sector through the multidisciplinary teams of scientists to development and transfer of innovative address new and emerging areas of technologies. technology development and agricultural The phrase "long-term competitive- science is recognized. As a result, the ness" acknowledges the role the agricultural Research Branch has begun to consolidate sector has traditionally played in ensuring an its expertise and resources at major centres. environmentally sustainable agricultural Each of these centres has a mandate to carry industry. The agri-food sector cannot out research of national importance in a enhance its competitive advantage in the geographic area that has competitive long term unless continued care is taken to strength in a particular commodity. maintain the productivity of the natural For example, Lethbridge Research resources on which it depends. Station has a national mandate in beef Sustainable development has been research. Located in southern Alberta, the defined by a.H. Brundtland in her report to station is close to its primary client group. the United Nations, Our Common Future, Similiarily, the Harrow Research Station World Commission on Environment and serves the needs of the greenhouse sector in Development, as development that "meets southern Ontario, and Lennoxville Research the needs of the present without Station concentrates on dairy and swine compromising the ability of future research in Quebec. generations to meet their own needs." This Other centres continue to perform then is one of the principles by which the research in these areas to meet needs that branch conducts its business. "Long-term" can be best satisfied at a particular location implies "sustainable" and "competitiveness" and to transfer technology to the private implies "development." sector in other regions of the country. For The Canadian Agricultural Research example, other research stations such as Council (CARC) is helping to establish Kentville in Nova Scotia and Summerland in research priorities for Canada by bringing all British Columbia will form linkages to the the players in the nation together. To aid in major beef research centre in Lethbridge, in the process, CARC organized a order to meet the needs of all parts of the cross-country, consultative process whereby country for beef research. leaders from provincial governments, Concentrating resources at key centres industry, and universities provided is intended to build well resourced, recommendations to enhance our research multidisciplinary research teams. This is and technology transfer capabilities. The essential if the branch is to provide quality, recommendations were presented to the long-term strategic research in support of branch in April. In addition to CARC the needs of the agri-food industry. efforts, Research Branch and research
vi Directory of Research 1992 AVANT-PROPOS Afin de demeurer concurrentielle, I'industrie technologique. Ces recommandations ont satisfaire aux besoins de tout Ie pays en agro-alimentaire canadienne doit reiever des ete presentees a la Direction generale en matiere de recherche sur Ie breuf. defis sans precedent. Pendant qu'on assiste avril. Des comites consultatifs en recherche Le fait de concentrer les ressources a la disparition de certains marches, Ie collaborent avec la Direction generale a dans des centres-des permettra de batir des commerce international subit des l'etablissement de priorites qui satisferont equipes multidisciplinaires bien equilibrees. modifications profondes. II faut au secteur les besoins futurs.du secteur. Ceci est essentiel si la Direction generale agro-alimentaire des strategies de Conformement a I'objectif qu'elle s'est veut garantir un niveau de qualite tout en commercialisation et de developpement qui donne, la Direction generale effectue des menant des recherches a long terme, de repondent aux besoins de ses dients et dont recherches dans quatre domaines pointe, qui repondent aux exigences de les assises reposent sur la technologie la plus principaux : l'industrie agro-alimentaire. avancee qui soit. • conservation des ressources CetAnnuaire de la recherche fait Or la Direction generale de la • cultures ressortir les faits saillants du travail accompli recherche peut aider Ie secteur en lui • animaux par la Direction generale de la recherche, et fournissant de nouveaux produits pour les • aliments. dont Ie but est de satisfaire les besoins du marches naissants ainsi que la technologie Des projets et programmes de recherche secteur agro-a:Iimentaire qui sans cesse doit necessaire pour ameliorer sa productivite et dans chacun de ces quatre domairtes sont offrir des produits de qualite a des prix la qualite de ses denrees. Voici comment la menes a differents endroits au Canada. concurrentiels dans chacun des quatre Direction generale entrevoit son objectif : II en coilte de plus en plus cher pour domaines de recherche. Ameliorer la competitivite a long terme maintenir l'infrastructure de la recherche. du secteur agro-alimentaire canadien De plus, on reconnalt la necessite de former Brian Morrissey grace a la mise au point et au transfert des equipes de recherche multidisciplinaires Sous-ministre adjoint a la Recherche de technologies innovatrices. qui s'interesseraient aux nouveaux domaines qui emergent de la science agricole et du Par I'expression « competitivite a long developpement technologique. cet effet, la terme », on reconnait Ie r6le joue depuis A toujours par Ie secteur, celui d'assurer un Direction generale de la recherche a developpement integre au milieu. En effet, commence a regrouper ses competences et Ie secteur agro-alimentaire ne peut ses ressources dans des centres-des. Chacun ameliorer ses atouts a long terme qu'en de ces centres a Ie mandat de realiser des veillant sans relache a maintenir les recherches d'interet national dans un ressources naturelles dont il depend. environnement geographique qui presente des avantages competitifs pour un produit Dans son rapport presente aux Nations donne. Unies, Notre avenir commun : Commission mondiale sur l'environnement et Ie Par exemple, la Station de recherches developpement, MmeG.B. Brundtland a de Lethbridge a re<;;uIe mandat de mener, a defini Ie developpement integre au milieu l'echelle nationale, des recherches sur Ie comme une activite humaine qui « repond breuf. Situee dans Ie sud de l'Alberta, cette aux besoins actuels sans compromettre les station se trouve a proximite des grands generations futures dans la satisfaction de parcs de bovins. De la meme fa<;;on,la Station de recherches de Harrow dessert Ie leurs propres besoins ». Voila un principe qu'a adopte la Direction generale de la secteur serricole du sud de l'Ontario, tandis que la Station de recherches de Lennoxville recherche pour qui « a long terme » signifie concentre ses efforts sur la recherche laitiere « durable » et « competitivite » implique et porcine au Quebec. « developpement ». Le Conseil de recherches agricoles du D'autres centres continuent a mener Canada (CRAC) travaille a etablir des des recherches dans ces domaines pour priorites nation ales dans Ie domaine de la repondre Ie mieux possible aux besoins recherche en reunissant tous les intervenants regionaux et pour effectuer Ie transfert du secteur agricole du pays. Pour realiser technologique vers Ie secteur prive et les son objectif, Ie CRAC a organise des autres regions du pays. A titre d'exemple, consultations d'un bout a I'autre du Canada des stations de recherches telles que au cours desquelles les dirigeants des Kentville, en Nouvelle-Ecosse, et gouvernements provinciaux, de I'industrie et Summerland, en Colombie-Britannique, des universites ont formule des . travailleront en collaboration avec Ie recommandations pour ameliorer nos principal centre de recherches sur Ie breuf competences en recherche et en transfert situe a Lethbridge, et ce dans Ie but de
Annuaire de la recherche vii ------, Headquarters Administration centrale
Banch Executive Haute direction Assistant Deputy Minister, Research J.B. Morrissey, Ph.D. Sous-ministre adjoint a la Recherche Directors General Directeurs generaux Research Coordination G.M. Weaver, Ph.D. Coordination de la recherche Strategies and Planning J.M. Ferguson, B.Sc. Strategies et planification Eastern Region Y.A. Martel, Ph.D. Region de l'Est Central Experimental Farm J.e. St-Pierre, Ph.D. Ferme experimentale centrale Western Region D.G. Dorrell, Ph.D. Region de I'Ouest Director, Human Resources Division G. Carpentier, B.A. Directeur, Division des ressources humaines
Directory of Research 1992 1 ORGANIZATION OF THE RESEARCH BRANCH
ASSISTANT DEPUTY MINISTER, RESEARCH
DIRECTOR GENERAL, DIRECTOR GENERAL, STRATEGIES AND RESEARCH PLANNING COORDINATlbN
DIRECTOR, HUMAN RESOURCES DIVISION
I I DIRECTOR GENERAL, DIRECTOR GENERAL, DIRECTOR GENERAL, EASTERN REGION CENTRAL EXPERIMENTAL WESTERN REGION FARM
Establishments Research Centres Establishments
St. John's, Nfld. Food and Animal Brandon, Man. Charlottetown, P.E.1. Land and Biological Resources Morden, Man. Kentvilie, N.S. Plant Winnipeg, Man. Fredericton, N.B. Regina, Sask. Lennoxvilie, Que. Saskatoon, Sask. Saint-Foy, Que. Swift Current, Sask. Saint-Hyacinthe, Que. Beaverlodge, Alta. Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, Que. Lacombe, Alta. Harrow, Ont. Lethbridge, Alta. Kapuskasing, Ont. Agassiz, B.C. London, Ont. Summerland, B.C. Vancouver, B.C.
2 Directory of Research 1992 1------
ORGANISATION DE LA DIRECTION GENERALE DE LA RECHERCHE
SOUS-MINISTRE ADJOINT A LA RECHERCHE
DIRECTEUR GENERAL DIRECTEUR GENERAL DES STRATEGIES ET DE LA COORDINATION DE LA PLANIFICATION DE LA RECHERCHE
DIRECTEUR DE LA DIVISION DES RESSOURCES HUMAINES
I I DIRECTEUR GENERAL DIRECTEUR GENERAL 8~RE2~~~~O~ENERAL DE LAFERME DE LA REGION DE L'EST EXPERIMENTALE CENTRALE DE L'OUEST
Etablissements Centres de recherches Etablissements
Saint-John's (T.-N.) Alimentaires et zootechniques Brandon (Man.) Charlottetown (I.-P.-E.) Phytotechniques Morden (Man.) Kentville (N.-E.) Terres et ressources biologiques Winnipeg (Man.) Fredericton (N.-B.) Regina (Sask.) Lennoxville (Quebec) Saskatoon (Sask.) Sainte-Foy (Quebec) Swift Current (Sask.) Saint-Hyacinthe (Quebec) Beaverlodge (Alb.) Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu (Quebec) Lacombe (Alb.) Harrow (Ont.) Lethbridge (Alb.) Kapuskasing (Ont.) Agassiz (C.-B.) London (Ont.) Summerland (C.-B.) Vancouver (C.-B.)
Annuaire de /a recherche 1992 3 PROGRAMS AT MAJOR PROGRAMMES AUX ESTABLISHMENTS PRINCIPAUX ETABLISSEMENTS
Branch Programs Programmes de la Direction generale
Land Terres
Animal prod. & processes Prod. animaux et transformation Crop prod. & processes Prod. vegetaux et transformation Nonfood prod. & processes Prod. non alimentaires et transformation
Abbreviations Abreviations
CFAR, Centre for Food and Animal Research CRAZ, Centre de recherches alimentaires et zootechniques CLBRR, Centre for Land and Biological Resources Research CRTRB, Centre de recherches sur les terres et les ressources biologiques PRC, Plant Research Centre CRP, Centre de recherches phytotechniques
4 Directory of Research 1992 ------,
OPERATIONAL PLAN FRAMEWORK
Departmental mission product quality and safety, in a sustainable Agriculture Canada is dedicated to the manner. Work activities focus on well-being of all Canadians through the • beef advancement of the agriculture and food • dairy sectors. • swine • poultry Branch objective: agricultural research • other animals. and development Food research To contribute to the To improve the long-terqI competitiveness of long-term competitiveness of a diversified the Canadian agri-food sector through the Canadian agri-food sector through the development and transfer of innovative development and transfer of innovative technologies. technologies needed to optimize food production efficiency, and product quality More specifically, research, technology and safety, in a sustainable manner. Work development, and technology transfer are activities focus on directed toward • animal products and processes • reducing the costs of food production and • crop products and processes processing • nonfood products and processes. • improving product quality and safety Management and administration To • advancing environmental practices for the provide financial, administrative, and sustain ability of agricultural production. management services to the Research Objectives for branch planning Branch's agricultural research and development activity. Work activities focus Resource conservation research To on contribute to the long-term competitiveness • program management and planning of a diversified Canadian agri-food sector • administrative services. through the development and transfer of innovative means needed to optimize agricultural production, in a sustainable manner. Work activities focus on • land (conserving soil, water, and air) • germplasm conservation/agricultural pest and biocontrol agents identification.
Crop research To contribute to the long-term competitiveness of a diversified Canadian agri-food sector through the development and transfer of innovative technologies needed to optimize crop production efficiency, and product quality and safety, in a sustainable manner. Work activities focus on • cereals • oilseeds • forages • field crops • vegetables • tree fruits and berries • ornamentals. Animal research To contribute to the long-term competitiveness of a diversified Canadian agri-food sector through the development and transfer of innovative technologies needed to optimize animal welfare, animal production efficiency, and
Directory of Research 1992 5 ------.
CADRE DU PLAN OPERATIONNEL
Mission du Ministere Recherches zootechniques Favoriser la Agriculture Canada se consacre au bien-etre competitivite a long terme d'un secteur de tous les Canadiens par I'avancement des agro-alimentaire canadien diversifie grace a secteurs agricole et alimentaire. la mise au point et au transfert de nouvelles technologies afin d'optimiser Iebien-etre des Objectif de la Direction g{merale : la animaux, I'efficacite de la production recherche agrico/e et Ie deve/oppement animale ainsi que la qualite et la salubrite Ameliorer la competitivite a long terme du des produits, tout en respectant secteur agro-alimentaire canadien grace a la I'environnement. Les principaux domaines d'activites sont : mise au point et du transfert de nouvelles technologies. • les bovins de boucherie • les bovins laitiers La recherche, Ie developpement • les porcs technologique et Ie transfert de la • les volailles technologie sont menes de fa«on a • les autres especes animales. • reduire les couts de production et de transformation des aliments Recherches sur les aliments Favoriser la competitivite a long terme d'un secteur • ameliorer la qualite et l'innocuite des agro-alimentaire canadien diversifie grace a produits la mise au point et au transfert de nouvelles • perfectionner les pratiques technologies afin d'optimiser l'efficacite de environnementales en vue d'une la production alimentaire ainsi que la qualite agriculture durable. et la salubrite des produits, tout en respectant I'environnement. Les principaux Objectifs de la planification de la domaines d'activites sont : Direction generale • les produits animaux et transformation Recherches sur la conseTVation des • les produits vegetaux et transformation ressources Favoriser la competitivite a long • les produits non aliment aires et terme d'un secteur agro-alimentaire transformation. canadien grace a la mise au point et au transfert de nouveaux moyens afin Gestion et administration Offrir a la d'optimiser I'efficacite de la production Direction generale de la recherche des agricole, tout en respectant l'environnement. services sur Ie plan des finances, de la Les principaux domaines d'activites sont : gestion et de I'administration pour ses • les terres (conservation des sols, de l'eau activites de recherche et de developpement. et de I'air) Les principaux domaines d'activites sont : • la conservation du materiel genetiquella • la gestion et planification des programmes detection des ravageurs agricoles et des • les services administratifs. agents de lutte biologique.
Recherches sur les cultures Favoriser la competitivite a long terme d'un secteur agro-alimentaire canadien diversifie grace a la mise au point et au transfert de nouvelles technologies afin d'optimiser l'efficacite de la production des cultures ainsi que la qualite et la salubrite des produits, tout en respectant I'environnement. Les principaux domaines d'activites sont : • les cereales • les oleagineux • les fourrages • les cultures de grande production • les legumes • les fruits de verger et baies • les piantes ornementales.
6 Annuaire de la recherche 1992 MAP OF CARTE DES MAJOR PRINCIPAUX ESTABLISHMENTS ETABLISSEMENTS
Ottawa Central Experimental Farm Ferme experimentale centrale Centre for Food and Animal Research Centre de recherches alimentaires et zootechniques Centre for Land and Biological Resources Centre de recherches sur les terres et les ressources Research biologiques Plant Research Centre Centre de recherches phytotechniques
Annuaire de la recherche 1992 7
Research Coordination Coordination de la recherche
Director General G.M. Weaver, Ph.D. Directeur general
Directory of Research 1992 9
\
RESEARCH COORDINATION COORDINATION DE LA RECHERCHE Research Branch Direction generale de la recherche Agriculture Canada Agriculture Canada Sir John Carling Building, Room 717 Edifice Sir John Carling, piece 717 930 Carling Avenue 930, avenue Carling Ottawa, Ontario Ottawa (Ontario) KIAOC5 KIAOC5
Tel. (613) 995-7084 Tel. Fax (613) 943-0440 TeIecopie EM OTTB::AG1OODGRCD c.E.
Rfessional Staff Rsonnel professionnel Director General . G.M. Weaver, Ph.D. Directeur general
Research Coordinators Coordonnateurs de la recherche
Resource conservation research Recherche sur la conservation des ressources Environment L.M. Benzing-Purdie, Ph.D. Environnement Soil, water, and climate C. De Kimpe, Dr.Sc.Agr. Sol, eau et climat Bioresources C. Madhosingh, Ph.D. Bioressources
Crop research Recherche sur les cultures Crops J.W Martens, Ph.D Cultures Special crops P.W Perrin, Ph.D. Culture speciale Pest management R. Trottier, Ph.D. Lutte anti-parasitaire
Animal research Recherche sur les animaux Animals L.F. Laflamme, Ph.D. Animaux
Food research Recherche sur les aliments Food G.E. Timbers, Ph.D. Alimentation
Special Advisers Conseil1ers speciaux Environmental sustainability B. Grace, Ph.D. Environnement durable Soils M.K. John, Ph.D. Sol Food L.M. Robichon-Hunt, M.Sc. Alimentation
CASCC Secretariat Secretariat du CCSAC Executive Director B. Kealey Directeur executif
Pest Management Alternatives Office Bureau des nouvelles methodes ~e lutte antiparasitaire Interim Executive Director P.W Perrin, Ph.D. Directeur executif par interim
Mndate The Research Coordination Directorate branch input into the departmental justified research funding to Cabinet and ensures a national perspective on the Memorandum to Cabinet (MC) consistent prepared person-year allocation for TB. direction of research programs and the with the government's Framework on Science The directorate secured funding for the allocation of resources across the Research and Technology. Staff initiated and department under the Green Plan Branch. coordinated the branch's input into the multidepartmental initiative Climate change: departmental Treasury Board (TB) Achievements reducing the uncertainties. Staff took the submission, convened meetings with lead in preparing the agricultural component Policy The directorate played a key role in program directors and directors, and set up of the MC and the TB submission and developing policies related to the working groups for the issues of national secured. approval of the Branch Executive departmental Green Plan initiative on concerns, e.g., genetic resources, climatic and interdepartmental committee. environmental sustainability. Staff provided change, and tropospheric ozone. They also
Research Coordination 1992 11 The directorate provided the research Breeding Research and the national Weed the Interbranch Working Group on the Food perspective in the departmental review of Science Research Review and Workshop, at Industry. Staff helped to organize the 8th some 30 MCs. Staff also responded to which the agri-food industry, universities, World Congress on Food Science and questions about the nongovernment and provincial and federal governments Technology. The directorate participated in organization's environmental score cards of identified research priorities. Staff also an audit of the Animal Pedigree Act. the London summit. assisted in reviewing the research stations at The directorate represented the The directorate provided liaison Saskatoon, Kamloops, and Agassiz as well as department on the following: the Scientific Information Retrieval Section between the branch and the Bureau for • Industry Science and Technology Environmental Sustainability and leadership of Research Program Service. Staff sat on Canada's Biotechnology Coordinating in policy areas regarding research on the Advisory Committee for the Evaluation Group Assessment for National Soil Conservation environmental sustainability. It also • Interdepartmental Committee on Program and the Steering Committee for the provided expertise to the FAO on guidelines Biotechnology for introducing biological control agents National Dairy Review. Staff also sat ex • Interbranch Committee on New aimed at formulating an international code officio on advisory committees for the Reproductive Technologies of conduct for their use. The directorate Centre for Food and Animal Research, the coordinated governmental and Plant Research Centre, the Centre for Land • Interbranch Committee on Animal nongovernmental inputs into the and Biological Resources Research, and Welfare Department of Environment in developing Lacombe Research Station. • Canadian Council on Animal Care the Canadian agricultural position on the Linkages At the international level, the Committee on Animal Biotechnology convention on biodiversity as part of the directorate provided expertise to two • Expert Committee on Farm Animal United Nations environmental program. working groups on impacts of climatic Welfare and Behaviour Staff also coordinated the environmental change and on response strategies for the • Canada Committee on Animal Production assessment and review process for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Services branch. Change. Staff also provided expertise on • Interdepartmental Committee on Climate The directorate helped to develop climatic change in the context of the United Change (International-Legal and policies for the branch's support of dairy Nation's Conference on Environment and Technical subgroups) Development (UNCED). At the invitation production research in relation to other • Federal-Provincial Research and of the German parliament, one staff research partners. It also provided Monitoring Coordinating Committee on member appeared before the Enquete representation to the policy review task long-range transport of air pollutants forces on food safety, international Commission "Preventive measures to protect the Earth's atmosphere." The • Interdepartmental Committee on development, and competitiveness. Staff Environmental Indicators coordinated and convened a workshop on directorate acted as the Canadian liaison to • Advisory Committee for Great Lakes dairy research and technology transfer prior the Commonwealth Agricultural Bureau. Water Quality Project to the National Strategic Dairy Review. The directorate is represented on the Canada-United States International Joint • Steering Committee for the National Program The directorate ensured that the Commission Council of Great Lakes Workshop on Land Application of Animal department's contribution to The State of the Research Managers. Manure. Environment Report represented the sector and coordinated Green Plan activities within At the national level, the directorate The directorate provided departmental the branch. It responded for the branch at linked the branch with other departments input to the following: the Organization of Economic Cooperation doing environmental research, acted as • Canadian Horticultural Council (CHC) and Development (OECD) Sustainable contact point on atmospheric change issues, recommendations arising from the annual Agriculture Workshop on Technology and and provided witnesses to the House of general meeting Environment~ Commons Standing Committee on • Recommended code of practice for the care Agriculture. A staff member coordinated a and handling of farm animals: beef cattle. The directorate helped to establish the stakeholders working group to develop a national horticultural nursery enhancement background paper entitled "Climate change The directorate represented the branch project in collaboration with Food and agriculture" for the Canadian delegation on the following committe,es: Production and Inspection Branch (FPIB) negotiating at the Framework on Climate • Government-Industry Ornamentals and the horticultural industry. It also took Change Convention. The directorate Liaison the lead on the department's behalf in prepared the departmental contribution to • Horticulture Safety Nets planning and establishing the Pest Canada's long-term space plan. • Apple Committee of British Columbia Management Alternative Office. In response to allocation of TB resources for food-safety At the departmental level, food • Potato Chip and Snack Food Research research, staff coordinated a research scientists met with their FPIB counterparts • Government-Industry PSE Pork to discuss food safety research programs of contract program and allocated resources to • Board of Directors and the Technical mutual interest and identify areas of each of the branch's three regions. Planning Committee of the POS Pilot commonality. The directorate coordinated Plant Corporation. Reviews The directorate convened the the Agriculture Canada Nutrition national Networking Meeting on Tree Fruit Coordinating Committee and participated in The directorate convened the Annual the Interbranch Food Safety Committee and meeting of the Expert Committee on
12 Coordination de lal recherche 1992 Harticulture and campleted the Canadian distributian des ressaurces dans l'ensemble l'agriculture auCanada paur la canventian input to' the publicatian Horticultural de la Directian generale de la recherche. sur la diversite bialagique du Programme research international. Directorate staff alsO' des Natians unies sur l'environnement. Elle canvened meetings to' enhance caaperatian Realisations a en autre caordanne paur la Directian and cansultatian between the branch and Politique La Directian a jaue un role generale Ie Processus d'evaluatian et agri-faad partners represented by natianal determinant dans l'elaboratian des d'examen en matiere d'envirannement. arganizatians including the fallawing: Dairy palitiques du Plan vert du Ministere en vue La Directian a callabare a l'elaboratian Farmers af Canada, Canadian Cattlemen's d'un environnement durable. Les elements de palitiques paur assister la Directian Assaciatian, Canadian Park Cauncil, faurnis a la Directian generale de la generale dans la pramatian de la recherche Canadian Meat Cauncil; Canada Grains recherche et integres par Ie Ministere dans en productian laitiere et dans les damaines Cauncil, SECAN, Canadian Seed Growers san Memaire au Cabinet (MC) etaient en cannexes. Elle a caordanne et canvaque un Assaciatian, Canal a Cauncil af Canada, harmanie avec la palitique generale du atelier sur la recherche laitiere et Ie transfert Crap Protectian Institute af Canada, gauvernement sur les sciences et la de technalagie avant l'Examen de la Canadian Farage Cauncil, Prairie Paals Inc., technalagie. La Directian a egalement strategie laitiere natianale. Elle a aussi fait and Canadian Harticultural Cauncil. arganise et caardanne l'appart de la des representatians aux groupes de travail CASCC The directorate reviewed and Directian generale a la presentatian au charges de l'exainen de la palitique de la acted an recammendatians to the Canadian Canseil du Tresar (CT), faite au nam du salubrite des aliments, du develappement Agricultural Services Caardinating Ministere, a canvaque des reunians avec les internatianal et de la campetitivite. Cammittee (CASCC). It pravided the directeurs de programme ainsi qu'avec les Programme La Directian a fait en sorte secretarial functian to' the Canada directeurs et a cree des groupes de travail que la cantributian au Rapport sur l'etat de Cammittee an Crap Productian Services, sur les questians d'interet natianal, p. ex. les ressaurces genetiques, Ie changement l'environnement venant du Ministere sait Canada Cammittee an Faad, and the representative du secteur d'activite et elle a Canada Cammittee an Land Resaurce climatique et I'azane de la tropasphere. En autre, elle s'est chargee de justifier, devant caardanne les activites du Plan vert a Services. Staff served as secretary af the l'interieur de la Directian generale. Elle a Expert Cammittee af Harticulture and Ie Cabinet, Ie financement de la recherche represente la Directian generale a l'atelier member af the Expert Cammittee an Plant et, devant Ie CT, l'affectatian des sur l'agriculture durable, les techniques et Gene Resaurces. The directarate annees-persannes. l'environnement, arganise par l'Organisatian participated in the Canadian Agricultural La Directian a abtenu des fands au de caaperatian et de develappement Research Cauncil's (CARC) Standing nam du Ministere paur l'initiative ecanamique (OCDE). Cammittee an Research Partnership multi-ministerielle qui, en vertu duPlan vert, Suppart Program. It alsO'provided suppart parte sur Ie changement climatique et ~a La Directian a participe a la mise sur to'the Natianal Strategy Report far Agri-Faad reductian de l'incertitude a cet egard. A pied du projet natianal d'ameliaratian des Research and Technalagy Transfer and to' cette fin, elle a entrepris et supervise la pepinieres horticales en callabaratian avec the establishment af the CARC steering preparatian du valet agricale du MC ainsi la Directian generale de la product ian et de cammittee Strategic Planning far Dairy que de la presentatian au CT, abtenant l'inspectian des aliments (DGPIA) ainsi Research and Technalagy Transfer. I'approbatian du camite interministeriel et qu'avec I'industrie. Au nam du Ministere, elle a egalement pris l'initiative de la The directarate reviewed du camite executif de la Directian generale. planificatian et de la mise sur pied du recammendatians to' CASCC and provided La Directian a rendu fidelement Ie Bureau des nauvelles methades de lutte suppart for the canference "Partnership: a paint de vue de la recherche dans I'examen antiparasitaire. Par suite de I'affectatian de facus an technalagy." Staff have provided ministeriel de quelque 30 MC et elle a ressaurces par Ie Canseil du Tresar a la branch input intO'the cansultative process repandu aux questians sur les fiches de recherche sur la salubrite des aliments, la with the provinces, universities, and industry paintage en matiere d'environnement Directian a caardanne un pragramme de since the "Partnerships" canference. attribuees par les organismes nan cantrats de recherche, et des ressaurces ant gauvernementaux au sammet de Landres. Resources ete affectees a chacune des trois regians de La Directian a servi de trait d'unian la Directian generale. The Research Caardinatian Directarate entre la Directian generale et Ie Bureau Examens La Directian a canvaque la cansists af the Directar General, eight paur un environnement durable et elle a research caardinatars, three special advisers, reunian natianale de maillage sur la assure la directian dans les damaines de la recherche dans I'ameliaratian genetique des and suppart staff. Special advisers, secanded palitique cancernant la recherche sur fram establishments far 1-2 years, act in a arbres fruitiers ainsi que l'examen et l'atelier l'environnement durable. Elle a egalement natianaux sur la recherche en malherbalagie. role camplementary to' that af the research secande la FAO dans sa cansultatian sur les caardinatar. Les priarites de la recherche ant ete cernees lignes directrices cancernant l'intraductian par Ie secteur agra-alimentaire, les d'agents de lutte bialagique, en vue de la universites ainsi que par les represent ants • farmulatian d'un cade internatianal de provinciaux et federaux qui ant pris part a canduite paur l'emplai des ces agents. Elle a Mndat ces manifestatians. Des fanctiannaires ant caardanne l'apport des arganismes egalement participe a l'examen des statians La Directian de la caardinatian de la gauvernementaux et nan gauvernementaux de recherches de Saskataan, de Kamlaaps et recherche danne une arientatian natianale a l'ebauche de la pasitian presentee par Ie d'Agassiz de menie que de la Sectian de aux pragrammes de recherche et a la ministere de I'Environnement sur I'extractian de l'infarmatian scientifique des
Research Coordination 1992 13
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INDUSTRY RELATIONS OFFICE BUREAU DES RELATIONS AVEC L'INDUSTRIE Research Branch Direction generale de la recherche Agriculture Canada Agriculture Canada Building 60 Edifice 60 Central Experimental Farm Ferme experimentale centrale Ottawa, Ontario Ottawa (Ontario) KlAOC6 KlAOC6
Tel. (613) 995-7084 Tel. Fax (613) 943-2480 Telecopie EM OTTB::EMlOOIRO c.E
RfeSSional Staff Rsonnel professionnel Director E.E. McGregor, M.RA. Directrice Chief, Technology Transfer and KW. Lievers, M.Sc. Chef, Commercialisation et transfert de la Commercialization technologie Industry Relations Specialist, B.K Nielsen 'specialiste des relations industrielles; collaborative and license ententes de collaboration et de agreements, food technology delivrance de permis, transfert de transfer technologie alimentaire Special Adviser, collaborative and P.Van Die, M.Sc. Conseiller special; entente de license agreements, crop variety collaboration et de delivrance de release permis, mise en vente des varietes culturales Special Adviser, intelleCtual property L.c. Heslop, M.Sc. Conseiller special; cadres de gestion management, marketing de la propriete intellectuelle et commercialisation Assistant Adviser, patent and license J.-G. Labelle Conseiller adjoint; demandes de brevets administration et de permis International coordination, international R Yassa Coordonnateur des programmes programs and policies internationaux; politiques et programmes internationaux International Relations Adviser, KE. Endemann, B.A. Conseillere en relations internationales; science and technology activities programmes internationaux en S et T (protocoles d'entente et accords S et T) International Liaison Officer, J. Johanis Agente de relations internationales; international technology exchange echanges internationaux de technologie
Mndate The Industry Relations Office (IRO) focuses Achievements Marketing and communications The IRO on the commercial aspects of technology Since its creation in 1987, the IRO has has begun a communications and marketing transfer. It helps the Research Branch helped the Research Branch become more program targeted at clients in industry. This effectively commercialize branch technology businesslike in commercializing its initiative enables the Research Branch to to meet the competitive needs of Canadian technologies. Collaborative agreements and market its capabilities and its technologies. industry. The IRO provides advice and licensing contracts now formalize joint This program also helps to ensure that the assistance to the branch in such matters as projects between scientists and partners technology developed will be used and is • patenting including those in the private sector. The needed by the agri-food industry to give • license agreements branch now has more than 700 collaborative them a competitive edge. • marketing research projects of which some 350 are with In 1991 the IRO launched the • collaborative agreements industry partners. Many licensing newsletter AGvance to inform Canada's • intellectual property management. agreements have been signed yielding agri-food business and other interested The International Group of the IRQ royalties as a new return on our research organizations about research and facilitates access to foreign technology to investment. development in the Research Branch. support branch programs and the Canadian agri-food industry.
Industry Relations Office 1992 17 Published quarterly by the IRO and increased flexibility and ease. The demise of la Direction generale de la recherche a Research Program Services, A Gvance Canadian Patents and Development Ltd. mettre dans Ie commerce les techniques includes articles from branch establishments (CPDL) was announced in February 1990. mises au point par celle-ci, tout en featuring successful partnerships with CPDL was formerly responsible for repondant aux besoins de l'industrie clients. It promotes research partnerships managing commercialization of canadienne face a la concurrence. II and technology transfer. It also identifies Crown-developed technologies. In 1991, the dispense appui et conseils dans des new opportunities for collaboration between IRO facilitated a smooth transfer of "cases" domaines tels que : the branch and industry. from CPDL back to the branch for • brevets The IRO has actively exchanged management. The IRO has worked closely • cessions de licences d'exploitation information with the Canadian agri-food with the research establishments to advise • marketing industry and other potential partners over on what steps they should follow for the final • accords de cooperation the past year. Staff have made many visits to commercialization of these technologies. • gestion de la propriete intellectuelle. industry and research establishments. International relations The IRO Au profit des programmes de la The IRO initiated the branch's first augmented communications in international Direction generale ainsi que de I'industrie promotional piece featured in the magazine relations. It undertook surveys to identify agro-alimentaire canadienne, la section Canadian Business in March 1992. Its opportunities for acquiring international internationale du BRI facilite l'accc~saux special supplement Partnership in success technology and for transferring Canadian techniques etrangeres. underlined to Canadian industry that the technology. The Attache, Agri-food Science Realisations Government of Canada promotes position in Brussels was extended for partnerships and collaboration, particularly' another year, with the aim of strengthening Depuis sa creation en 1987, k BRI a in the science and technology sectors. •. links for research collaboration with contribue a developper a la Direction de la Agriculture Canada was one of six European partners and providing timely recherche une optique d'affaires dans la contributing federal government information on European Community commercialisation des techniques que departments. research programs. celle-ci a mises au point. Les projets mixtes entre chercheurs et parten aires, y compris Technology management To help the The International Group coordinated ceux du prive, sont desormais fondes sur des Research Branch manage collaborative bilateral and multilateral projects and accords de collaboration et des contrats de agreements and commercialize its relations with more than 55 countries and cession de licence. La Direction generale technologies, the IRO has provided international agencies. The branch managed participe main tenant a plus de 700 projets guidelines, advice, and sample agreements to seven overseas official development de recherche en collaboration, dont quelque the research establishments on a wide range assistance programs funded by the Canadian 350 avec des partenaires industriels. Grace of topics. International Development Agency (CIDA) and six projects funded by the International aux nombreuses licences qui ont ete The IRO developed a policy to guide Development Research Centre (IDRC); it is accordees, I'argent investi dans la recherche the release of plant varieties from the involved in one project with the rapporte des profits supplementaires sous branch. Consultations continue with the Francophonie. Branch scientists also forme de redevances. seed industry to establish the best way to provided scientific expertise to support the Marketing et communications Le BRI a provide Agriculture Canada cultivars to the mandates of these agencies. lance a l'intention de ses cli.;:ntsde agri-food industry. The IRO developed several I'industrie un programme de marketing et The IRO is actively involved in Memoranda of Understanding (MOU) that communications, initiative qui donne a la developing departmental and will contribute substantially to scientific Direction generale I'occasion de faire valoir interdepartmental policies on managing collaboration with foreign countries. One sescompetences ainsi que ses techniques. intellectual property. As part of its MOU was established with the Dienst Par ce programme, la Dire<:tion generale interdepartmental activities, the IRO Landbouwkundig Onderzoek (DLO), s'assure que les techniques mises au point prepared and submitted to Industry, Science Netherlands; one MOU was signed with repondent aux besoins de l'industrie and Technology Canada a document that China, to facilitate access to biocontrol agro-alimentaire et qu'el1es trouvent les outlines the extent of Agriculture Canada's agents; and one MOU is being developed debouches qui donneront a cette derniere un strategic alliances and partnerships. with the Institut national de la recherche avantage concurrentiel. Development of opportunities The IRO has agronomique (INRA), France. C'est afin de renseign;:r utilement become integral in developing many of the l'industrie agro-alimentain~ du Canada ainsi collaborative agreements and technology Resources que les autres organismes interesses a la licenses in the Research Branch. Licenses The IRO staffs 11.5 person-years. recherche et au developpement que Ie BRI a with unique features were developed for lance, en 1991, Ie bulletinAGvance. Ce severa] crops and the IRO played a key role • trimestriel publie avec Ie concours des in the negotiation of several major licenses Services aux programmes de recherches vise that have large projected royalties. Mndat a encourager Ie transfert de technologie et Ie partenariat en recherche. Des chercheurs de Research establishments are entering . Le Bureau des relations avec l'industrie la Direction generale y decrivent des into more collaborative agreements with (BRI) s'occupe des questions de exemples decollaboratioIl efficace avec des external partners and are doing so with commercialisation des techniques, en aidant
18 Bureau des relations avec l'industrie 1992 clients. En outre, de nouvelles possibilites de avec des partenaires de I'exterieur, et ces collaboration entre la Direction generale et demarches se font avec plus de souplesse et l'industrie y sont signalees. de facilite. La cession de la Societe L'an dernier, Ie BRI a participe de canadienne de brevets et d'exploitation fa~on active a I'echange de renseignements Limitee a ete annoncee en fevrier 1990. avec I'industrie agro-alimentaire canadienne Cette societe etait autrefois chargee de la et avec d'autres partenaires potentiels. II a commercialisation des techniques mises au visite de nombreuses industries et stations point par les societes d'Etat. En 1991, Ie de recherches. BRI a favorise Ie transfert des dossiers qui sont devenus la responsabilite de la Le BRI a presente, en mars 1992, dans Direction de la recherche, et il a travaille la revue Canadian Business, Ie premier etroitement avec les etablissements de article visant a faire la promotion de la recherches pour parachever la Direction de la recherche. Ce document commercialisation des technologies en intitule Partenaires en affaires voulait attirer cause. I'attention de I'industrie canadienne sur Ie fait que I'Etat federal favorise les accords de Relations intemationales collaboration et Iepartenariat, en particulier Les communications se sont intensifiees dans les sciences et techniques. Agriculture dans ce domaine. Des etudes sont en cours Canada etait l'un des six ministeres qui ont afin d'identifier des occasions d'acquerir et contribue a ce supplement. de ceder des techniques a I'etranger. La mission de I'attache scientifique de Gestion de la technologie En prodiguant I'agro-alimentaire a Bruxelles a ete des lignes de conduite, des conseils et des prolongee pour une autre annee. En plus de modeles d'ententes aux divers resserrer les liens avec nos parten aires etablissements, et ce sur un vaste eventail de europeens et de favoriser les recherches en sujets, Ie BRI a fourni a la Direction collaboration, sa mission nous renseigne en generale de la recherche des leviers qui temps opportun sur les programmes de faciliteront la gestion de la technologie et la recherche de la Communaute europeenne. commercialisation des acquis. La section internationale a coordonne Le BRI a mis sur pied a I'intention de la des relations et des projets bilateraux et Direction generale, une politique facilitant multilateraux avec plus de 55 pays et la mise en marche des cultivars. Des agences internationales. La Direction pourparlers sont en cours avec les producteurs generale a gere outremer sept programmes de semences en vue d'etablir la fa~on la plus officiels de developpement et d'assistance efficace de fournir a l'industrie subventionnes par l'Agence canadienne de agro-alimentaire les cultivars d'Agriculture developpement international (ACDI), six Canada. projets subventionnes par Ie Centre de En outre, Ie BRI prend une part active recherche pour Ie developpement a la mise au point de politiques international (CRDI). De plus, elle participe ministerielles et interministerielleS relatives a un projet avec la francophonie. Les ala gestion de la propriete intellectuelle. II a chercheurs de la Direction generale ont notamment prepare a I'intention d'Industrie, aussi mis a contribution leurs competences Sciences et Technologie Canada un pour appuyer Ie mandat de ces agences. document decrivant la portee des alliances Plusieurs protocoles d'entente ont ete et des associations strategiques auxquelles etablis afin de contribuer de fa~on participe Agriculture Canada. substantielle a la collaboration scientifique Amelioration des relations Le BRI joue avec les pays etrangers. Un protocole main tenant un role primordial dans la mise d'entente a ete etabli avec Ie Dienst sur pied d'un grand nombre d'accords de Landbouwkundig Onderzoek (DLO) des collaboration et de concessions de licences Pays-Bas, un autre a ete signe avec la Chine auxquels la Direction generale prend part. pour faciliter l'acces aux moyens de lutte Dans Ie cas de plusieurs cultures, il a biologique. Enfin, un protocole est en cours notamment mis au point des concessions de d'elaboration avec I'Institut national de la licences inedites et il a joue un role majeur recherche agronomique (INRA), en France. dans la negociation de plusieurs concessions de licences importantes, susceptibles de Ressources rapporter des redevances substantielles. Le Bureau des relations avec I'industrie Les etablissements de recherches ont dispose de 11,5 annees-personnes. conclu un plus grand nombre d'ententes
Industry Relations Office 1992 19 MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES AND SERVICES STRATEGIES ET SERVICES DE GESTION Research Branch Direction generale de la recherche Agriculture Canada Agriculture Canada Sir John Carling Building, Room 787 Edifice Sir John Carling, piece 787 930 Carling Avenue 930, avenue Carling Ottawa, Ontario Ottawa (Ontario) KIAOC5 KIAOC5
Tel. (613) 995-7084 Tel. Fax (613) 943-0440 Telecopie EM OTTB::EMIOOMSD C.E.
RfeSSional Staff . Rsonnel professionnel Director DA Schmid, BA Directeur Health and Safety Officer (seconded in) G.P. Morris Agent, Sante et securite (pret(~a la Direction) MMIPS Development Officer L. Garber, M.Ed. Agent de developpement du SIGMO Head, Assets Management D. Friel Chef, Gestion de I'equipement Materiel management and contracts M. Craib, B.A. Gestion de l'equipement, Contrats et ententes Real property D. Violette Biens immobiliers Construction and relocation C. Gawley Construction et reamenagem1ent Chief, Headquarters Administration R. Boisclair Chef, Administration centrale et section and Resources Section des ressources Headquarters computer services S. Boutros Services informatiques de l'administration support centrale Text Reviser G. Desmarais, B.A. Reviseur de textes Finance and Procurement Officer M. Belley Agente financiere et d'economat (seconded in) (pretee a la Direction) Administrative support and accommodation J. Duggan Surveillant, services de bureau Branch Financial Manager K. Archer, C.MA Gestionnaire en finances de la Direction generale Financial Analyst G.T. Armitage Analyste financier Financial Analyst L. Larocque Analyste financiere Regional Financial Coordinator and A. Dignard. Coordonnateur et conseiller a la Eastern Adviser planification financiere, Region de l'Est Acting Financial Adviser, Western Region J. Leblanc Conseiller financier interimaire, Region de l'Ouest. Financial Adviser, Central S. Denis Conseiller financier interimaire, Ferme Experimental Farm experimentale centrale Eastern Region Administrative Liaison Officer A. Severn Agente de liaison, Est Western Region Administrative Liaison Officer H. Pitt, B.A. Agente de liaison, Ouest
Mndate The Management Strategies and Services liaison officers, providing financial planning headquarters in such areas as office services, Division supports the Senior Management and analysis and administrative support to computer support, and special projects. of the Research Branch and provides the regional directors general and focusing financial and administrative support and on administrative issues for managers at Achievements advice to responsibility centres and branch responsibility centres. Officers also The division provided financial and headquarters. These responsibilities are represent the branch on departmental administrative assistance, advice, and fulfilled through staff with expertise in such committees ensuring that branch issues are clarification and interpretation of corporate areas as financial management, general taken into account in developing departmental and central agency policies and procedures administration, assets management, health financial and administrative policies. The to all levels of management at headquarters and safety, and informatics. Staff members section also provides support to branch and in the regions. The division continued to act as financial advisers and administrative
20 Management Strategiesand Services 1992 promote communication with the administrative services and 8 to financial developpement charge de la mise en reuvre responsibility centres in the branch. This services. du (STMIIG) a collabore avec Ie ministere function was achieved through day-to-day au choix d'un systeme informatise de gestion contacts and regional meetings of • du materiel. La Division continue de mettre administrative officers held in Summerland, en pratique Ie protocole d'entente conclu B.c., and Ottawa, Onto Mndat avec Ie Conseil du Tresor sur I'accroissement des pouvoirs et des responsabilites The division continued to coordinate, La Division des strategies et services de ministerielles. promote, and, on behalf of the Branch gestion travaille en collaboration avec la Senior Management, monitor the Haute direction en plus de fournir un La Division a prepare pour Ie compte implementation by responsibility centres of soutien et des conseils administratifs et de la Direction generale Ie volet financier the Workplace Hazardous Materials financiers au personnel des centres de des rapports et presentations du ministere Information System (WHMIS). The responsabilite et aux gestionnaires de destines au Conseil du Tresor et aux autres development officer for the I'administration centrale. Elle s'acquitte de ministeres. Parmi ces rapports, mentionnons microcomputerized management ces responsabilites par l'entremise d'un • Ie plan pluri-annuel information processing system (MMIPS) has personnel competent dans les domaines de • Ie budget principal des depenses been involved in selecting a departmental l'informatique de l'administration generale, • Ie budget supplementaire des depenses materiel management information system. de la gestion de l'equipement et des • Ie supplement scientifique. The division continued to be responsible for finances, de la sante et de la securite. Les Une demande a ete soumise au Conseil implementing the provisions of the membres du personnel jouent Ie role de du Tresor pour la facturation du cout des Increased Ministerial Authority and conseillers financiers et d'agents de liaisons services rendus a Saint-Hyacinthe (Quebec), Accountability (IMAA) Memorandum of en planification et analyse financiere aupres et des lignes directrices sur Ie recouvrement Understanding with the Treasury Board. des directeurs generaux regionaux, et des couts ont Me elaborees pour Ie compte Financial input was prepared for the servent de personnes ressources en ce qui a de la Direction generale. La Division a branch's portion of departmental trait aux questions administratives prepare Ie guide de planification financiere a submissions and reports to the Treasury concernant les gestionnaires des centres de l'intention de la Direction generale de la Board and other federal government responsabilite. lis representent aussi la recherche pour tous les etablissements afin departments such as Direction generale dans des comites d'aider les gestionnaires dans la preparation • Multi- Thar Operational Plan (MYOP) ministeriels afin que Ie point de vue de la et la validation des plans annuels des • Main Estimates Direction generale dans Ie processus ressources et des plans de travail chiffres et • Supplementary Estimates d'elaboration des politiques administratives les corpus de donnees des etudes. • Science Addendum. et financieres du Ministere soit pris en La Division a administre des budgets consideration. La Division aide egalement Ie The division has submitted to Treasury totalisant 3 423 annees-personnes et 261,6 personnel de la Direction generale a Board for approval a request to charge fees millions de dollars. Des negociations l'administration centrale dans des domaines a for service at St. Hyacinthe, Que., and has l'interieur du ministere ont permis de comme les services du bureau, Ie soutien developed cost-recovery guidelines for the fournir la Direction generale des fonds, informatique et les projets speciau'x. a branch. The division provided to all excluant les remunerations, grace a des establishments a "Guide on Financial Realisations echanges d'annees-personnes et de salaires. Planning-Research Branch" to help La Division a fourni, sur les plans Sur les questions financieres, la managers prepare and validate annual administratif et financier, de l'aide, des Division a prepare des rapports, des resource plans, costed work plans, and study conseils et des explications relatives echeanciers, des notes d'information et de la databases. a l'interpretation des politiques du ministere correspondance pour Ie ministre, Ie The division monitored and controlled et des organismes centraux, et des marches a sous-ministre, Ie sous-ministre adjoint et les budgets totaling 3423 person-years and suivre au benefice des gestionnaires de directeurs generaux. Divers rapports $261.6 million. Successful negotiations divers echelons a I'administration centrale et periodiques, sur les ecarts et les previsions within the department provided the branch dans les regions. Elle acontinue a de tresorerie, par exemple, ont egalement with nonpay funds from the trade of promouvoir la communication entre les ete prepares. person-years and salaries. centres de responsabilite a la Direction a en Ressources Staff prepared reports, schedules, utilisant chaque jour les moyens de briefings, and correspondence on financial communication mis a sa disposition et en La Division fonctionne avec 21,5 annees- and administrative matters for the Minister, organisant des reunions regionales des personnes a des postes d'administration et the Deputy Minister, the Assistant Deputy agents d'administration a Summerland 8 en services financiers. Son budget est de Minister, and the directors general. They (Colombie- Britannique) et a Ottawa. 1,558,800 dollars. also prepared various cyclicalreports such as La Division a continue de coordonner, variance reports and cash forecasts. de promouvoir et, au nom des cadres Resources superieurs de la Direction generale, de surveiller la mise en reuvre, par les centres The division operates with 29.5 person-years de responsabilite, du Systeme d'information and a budget of $1.5588 million. Of the 29.5 sur les matieres dangereuses utilisees au person-years, 21.5 are dedicated to travail (SIMDUT). L'agent de
Strategies et services de gestion 1992 21 POLICY ANALYSIS AND PLANNING PLANIFICATION ET ANALYSE DES POLITIQUIES Research Branch Direction generale de la recherche Agriculture Canada Agriculture Canada Sir John Carling Building, Room 743 Edifice Sir John Carling, piece 743 930 Carling Avenue 930, avenue Carling Ottawa, Ontario Ottawa (Ontario) KIAOC5 KIAOC5
Tel. (613) 995-7084 Tel. Fax (613) 943-0440 Telecopie EM OTTB::EMIOOPCR c.E.
Rfessional Staff Rsonnel professionnel Director w'J. Blackburn, M.Sc. Directeur Senior Research Policy Analyst S. Bolcso, M.Eng. Analyste principal de la politique en matiere de recherche Research Policy Analyst C. Foglietta, RA. Analyste de la politique en matiere de recherche Research Policy Analyst A. Wrigglesworth, B.A. Analyste de la politique en matiere de recherche Head, Branch Secretariat D. Godard Chef, secretariat de la Direction generale
Mndate The Policy Analysis and Planning Division Participation in interdepartmental recherche. Par ailleurs, la Division revise la directs policy analysis for the development committees continued in areas such as politique de cette derniere pour en assurer of departmental and Research Branch • intellectual property la compatibilite avec les initiatives du science policy. It also reviews branch policy • financing research and development Ministere, de I'Etat federal ainsi que les to ensure compatibility with departmental, • strategic overview of science and initiatives internationales. federal, and international policy initiatives. technology La Division elabore des plans The division oversees operational and • review of federal science and technology operationnels et des strategies pour la strategic planning for the branch and policies Direction generale et fournil a cette provides a branch secretariat responsible for • competitiveness. derniere les services d'un secretariat charge the management of the Assistant Deputy de la gestion du bureau du sous-ministre Minister's office. The Research Branch Secretariat has adjoint. provided administrative services to the Achievements Assistant Deputy Minister including the Realisations The division has represented the department Research Branch Information System La Division represente Ie Ministere aupres on interdepartmental committees of science- reports. The secretariat continued to provide des comites interministeriels des ministeres based departments to develop common services to the following: a vocation scientifique afin cl'elaborer des guidelines and policies related to science and • Branch Executive Committee lignes directrices et des politiques technology in the federal government. • Research Branch Advisory Committee communes relatives a la science et a la The division has developed and • Tetrapartite meetings technologie au sein du gouvernement negotiated with central agencies new • national directors' meetings federal. authorities and flexibilities for managing • joint executive meetings with other La Division s'est interessee a la gestion research, including the following: research organizations. \ de la recherche par la definition et la • proposing legislative amendments negociation d'un nouveau partage des • analyzing special operating agencies pouvoirs avec les organismes centraux et par • l'instauration d'une plus grande flexibilite • analyzing options related to the dans ce domaine. Les efforts deployes constitutional-unity agenda Mndat comprennent entre autres : • preparing the annual IMAA Management La Division de la planification et de • la proposition d'amendements legislatifs report to Treasury Board I'analyse des politiques est chargee de • l'analyse des organismes de service • developing human resources initiatives in l'elaboration de la politique scientifique du speciaux support of PS 2000 and the Mission Review. Ministere et de la Direction generale de la
22 PolicyAnalysisand' Planning 1992 • l'analyse des options relativement a la Constitution et a l'unite nation ale • la preparation, pour Ie Conseil du Tresor, du rapport annuel de gestion dans Ie cadre de l'entente sur I'accroissement des pouvoirs et des responsabilites des ministres • l'elaboration de projets de perfectionnement des ressources humaines afin d'atteindre les objectifs etablis dans Ie cadre de FP 2000 et de l'examen de la mission. La Division a maintenu sa participation a un certain nombre de comites interministeriels relatifs a • Ia propriete intellectuelle • au financement de la recherche et du developpement • a une strategie d'ensemble en matiere de science et de technologie • a l'examen des politiques federales sur la science et la technologie • a la competitivite. Le Secretariat de Ia Direction generale de la recherche fournit des services administratifs au sous-ministre adjoint et se charge notamment de la redaction des rapports du systeme d'information de la Direction generale. II continue d'assurer les services pour • Ie comite des cadres • Ie comite consultatif de la Direction generale de la recherche • les reunions tetrapartites • les reunions des directeurs tenues a I'eehelle nationale • Ies reunions de la direction avec d'autres organismes de recherches.
Planification et analyse des politiques 1992 23 RESEARCH PROGRAM SERVICE SERVICE AUXPROGRAMMES DE RECHERCHl:S Research Branch Direction generale de la recherche Agriculture Canada Agriculture Canada KW. Neatby Building, Room 2127 Edifice KW. Neatby, piece 2127 960 Carling Avenue 960, avenue Carling Ottawa, Ontario Ottawa (Ontario) KIAOC6 KIAOC6
Tel. (613) 995-7084 (7268) Tel. Fax (613) 941-8029 Telecopie Fax (Statistics) (613) 995-8175 Telecopie (Statistique) EM OTTB: :AG1360000 C.E.
RfeSSional Staff Rsonnel professionnel Director P.Hall, M.A. Directeur Head, Administration J. Larose Chef, Administration
An and Design An et design Head of Section e.N. Halchuk Chef de section
Audiovisual Audiovisuel Head of Section W.G. Wilson Chef de section
Communications Communications Head of Section S. Chadwick, B.A. Chef de section Writer-researcher RR. King, B.A. Redacteur, recherche
Scientific Editing Revision scientifique Head of Section S.M. Rudnitski, RSc. Chef de section Editing J.T. Buckley, M.A. Revision Publication production D. Dewan Production de publications Editing J. Laferrierre, RA. Revision Word processing e. Lamoureux Traitement de textes Editing N. Rousseau, M.A. Revision Editing F. Smith, B.A. Revision
Scientific Information Retrieval Extraction des renseignements scientifiques Head of Section J.P. Hayes, M.Sc. Chef de section Chief, Inventory and Systems C.D. Laing, M.Sc. Chef, Inventaire et systemes Inventory and systems Y. Kara, RSc. Inventaire et systemes Inventory and systems J.R. Kennett, RSc. Inventaire et systemes Inventory and systems L. Marchand, RSc. Inventaire et systemes Inventory and systems E.K McMillan, RMath. Inventaire et systemes Inventory and systems F. Scantland, C.S.Cert. Inventaire et systemes Chief, Pest Management H.S. Krehm, Ph.D. Chef, Lutte antiparasitaire Pest management R Cloutier, RSc. Lutte antiparasitaire Pest management J. Lorion, RSc.(Agr.) Lutte antiparasitaire Pest management R. McNeil, RSc. Lutte antiparasitaire Pest management RA. Morrisson, Dipl.Agr. Lutte antiparasitaire
Statistical Research Recherche en statistiques Head of Section M.S. Wolynetz, Ph.D. Chef de section Statistics M.R. Binns, M.A. Statistique Statistics G. Butler, M.Math. Statistique Statistics P.Y. Jui, Ph.D Statistique Statistics L.P. Lefkovitch, RSc .. Statistique Statistics C.S. Lin, Ph.D. Statistique
24 Research.ProglramService 1992 Statistics B.K. Thompson, Ph.D. Statistique Systems and programming I. Hall, Cert.Info.Proc. Systemes et programmation
Mndate Research Program Service (RPS) tran'sfers • a user's handbook explaining the Soil Committees to which RPS provided technology and scientific information from landscapes of Canada series professional support this year included key program areas of the Research Branch • two booklets on tomato production • Expert Committee on Pest Management to members of the agri-food sector and the • a priced book on ground spiders in the • Western Expert Committee on Grain concerned public across Canada. Services Insects and arachnids series: • Eastern Ewert Committee on Grains and include Oilseeds . • administration of awards programs In the area of communications, RPS • Canadian Standards Association. • art, graphics design, and photographic • provided communications support fora services major technology transfer conference in RPS continued to administer multisite Montreal in June • communications planning licenses for four statistical software packages • expanded a library' of success stories as a used throughout the branch. The number of • computerized scient'ific and technical source of ideas for coiporate ! infomiation systems ' sites participating has increased allowing the communications vehicles branch to save more thaJ;l$40 000. • editorial and text production • helped produceAGvance, a newsletter for This year 44 fellows participated in the • publications planning industry clients. Visiting Fellowship in Canadian • statistical advice on experimental design Government Laboratories program, which and data analysis Scientific infonnation RPS updated the Study Data Base (SDB) to provide RPS administers for the Natural Sciences • support for coordination of research for and Engineering Research Council of the branch. . comprehensive information on more than 1000 studies under way in the branch. New Canada. In 1991 the John Wise Visiting Fellowship was awarded for the first time. Achievements simplified procedures and more comprehensive screen-driven commands Statistical support RPS handled mo~e than Technology transfer RPS published more made data' entry and information retrieval 200 request~ for short-term statistical and than 120 publications, 40 of which were of easier. computing assistance. Studies completed in national interest. The service also produced' Information continued to be support of plant and animal research . more than 750 graphics and display projects, included : 1230 computer graphic slides, and 10-SOO electronically extracted fr~m SDB for the Inventory of Canadian Agri-food Research • determining the effects of dietary color photographs. The use of the mycotoxins on swine growth Sun-Interleaf computer for typesetting and (ICAR). ICAR provldes'information from • helping increase early growth of piglets by design was extended to the artists this year. all sectors on more than 4000 agri-food . improving their environment and reducing Art production was also enhanced by the projects, about 90% of which were updated competition within litters purchase of a Macintosh computer. electronically. The pest management research, determining the most economical strategy Cited for "easilyunderstood l~guage for growing seed in the Peace River region that is authoritative yet a pleasure'to read," information system (PRIS) continued to • evaluating the benefits of incorporating a Progressin research won an achievement award provide on-line access across Canada to companion crop while establishing forages from the Societyfor TechnicalCommunication current research information~ Work (STC). The seriesHandling agrii;ultural continued on adding the following new • identifying new cultivars and redundant materi£lJsalso won an STC award, for components to PRIS: locations in regional commodity trials. • biological control explainingcomplexissuesin deceptivelysimple Achievements in research on soil and • integrated pest management prose. STC also honored the cover design of water quality included • biotechnology Beetles associated with storedproducts in • assessing the effects of previous fertilizer • nonpesticide research. Canado.: an identification guide with an award treatments on subsequent field for its innovativeuse of two colors. RPS compiled and disseminated three experiments ., publications on pest management research: Other notable publications produced • developing a new method for estimating • Canadian plant disease survey included plot fertility that improves the efficiency • Pest management news • a fully revised priced edition of Laboratory of field experiments • Pest management research report. methods for sensory analysis of food • helping improve the water quality on • a new code of practice for beef cattle Research Coordination support RPS helped farms growing livestock. producers . manage and organize the Partnerships ; conference on technology transfer .held in In food research, successes included • the Canadex series, taken over from • comparing several methods of estimating Communications Branch Montreal in June 1991. RPS also provided " . expert advice to the Centre for Land and the fat content of milk ' • three foldouts on research for St. John's Biological Resources Research, helping to . • developing methods to improve the Research Station develop a database for plant gene resources. efficiency of sensory evaluations using • a set of templates for grading asparagus taste panels. . .
Service awe programmes de recherches 1992 25 In integrated pest management, infographiques et 10 500 photographies en renseignements complets sur plus de 1 000 statisticians were successful in couleurs. Les graphistes de la Section Art et etudes en cours a la Direction generale de la • investigating the economic threshold for design font maintenant de lacomposition recherche. Des methodes simpiifiees, ainsi interaction typographique electronique et de la que de nouvelles lignes directrices plus • developing sampling methodologies to conception assistee par ordinateur a I'aide detaillees et pilotees a I'ecran rendent plus assess infestation rates. du programme Sun - Interleaf. Cette section facile que jamais I'extraction d(~ s'est egalement dotee d'un ordinateur I'information et l'entree des donnees. Resources Macintosh. Les renseignements touch ant RPS staffs 56 person-years, including 12 L 'Etat de la recherche s'est merite une I'inventaire de la recherche agro-alimentaire professionals. Our clients are the scientists mention honorable de la Society for au Canada (IRAC) continuent d'etre extraits and managers of the Research Branch. The Technical Communication (STC) pour la electroniquement de la base de donnees sur information RPS produces is used federally, qualite de ses textes. La serie Handling les etudes. L'IRAC fournit des provincially, and abroad by Agricultural Materials, malgre la complexite renseignements sur plus de 4 (]JOO projets • scientists, managers, and technologists des sujets traites, a re~u un prix de la STC provenant de tous les secteurs de doing agricultural research pour la clarte qui s'en degage. Enfin, un l'agro-alimentaire. Environ 90 % de ces • agricultural extension professionals autre ouvrage, Beetles associated with stored projets ont ete mis a jour eIectroniquement. products in Canada: an identification guide, a • politicians responsible for science policy Le systeme d'information sur la remporte un prix offert par la meme societe recherche antiparasitaire continue d'etre • educators and students studying pour I'originalite dans I'utilisation de deux agriculture and the environment accessible en direct partout au Canada. II couleurs. s'est enrichi de plusieurs nouvelles • farmers, producers, and processors in the Parmi les publications que Ie SPRa rubriques: agri-food industry. produites cette annee, il convient de • lutte biologique signaler: • lutte integree • • l'edition revue de Methodes d'analyse • biotechnologies sensorielle des aliments en laboratoire • recherches sur des moyens de lutte autres Mndat (publication payante) que les pesticides. Le Service aux programmes de recherches • un nouveau code de pratiques pour les (SPR) s'occupe de transmettre la producteurs de bovins de boucherie Cette annee, Ie SPR a compile et technologie et les renseignements • la serie Canadex publiee auparavant par la diffuse trois publications trait ant de la scientifiques relativement aux domaines-cles Direction generale des Communications recherche sur la lutte dirigee : • L' enquete phytosanitaire nationale des programmes de la Direction generale de • trois depliants sur les travaux de recherche • Nouvelles en lutte dirigee la recherche, aux intervenants du secteur de de la Station de St. John's I'agro-alimentaire et au public vise partout • Le Rapport de recherche surla lutte dirigee. • un jeu de gabarits pour I'examen visuel au Canada. Parmi les services offerts, des asperges Appui a la coordination de la recherche Le mentionnons : SPR a participe a I'organisation et a la • un manuel d'utilisation pour la serie • la gestion de programmes pour la remise gestion de la Conference sur Ie partenariat PMo-paysages du Canada de prix et Ie transfert de technologie qui s'est tenue • les services d'arts graphiques et de • deux brochures sur la production des a Montreal en juin 1991. Le SPR a aussi photographie tomates fourni des conseils specialises au Centre de • la gestion des communications • une publication payante sur les araignees recherches sur les terres et les ressources terricoles de la serie Insects and • les systemes d'information technique et biologiques, pour la mise sur pied d'une base Arachnids. scientifique. informatises de donnees pour les ressources phytogenetiques. • la revision et production de textes La Section des communications au sein • la planification du calendrier des du SPRa Parmi les comites auxquels Ie SPR a publications • assure des services de communication a fourni son appui cette annee, citons : l'occasion de I'importanteconference • Ie Comite d'experts sur la lutte dirigee • les conseils statistiques sur I'etablissement tenue a Montreal sur Ie transfert de protocoles experimentaux et I'analyse • Ie Comite d'experts de l'Ouest sur les technologique en juin dernier des donnees cereales • travaille a agrandir la banque d'exemples • I'aide a la coordination de la recherche au • Ie Comite d'experts de I'Est sur les de reussites qui pourra servir de source sein de la Direction generale. cere ales et les oleagineux d'inspiration dans Ie choix des vehicules • l'Association canadienne de Realisations de communication du Ministere normalisation. • participe a la production deAGvance, un Transfert de technologie Cette annee, Ie bulletin destine aux clients dans Le SPR continue de ge:rer les licenses Service aux programmes de recherches a l'industrie. d'exploitation pour quatre logiciels produit au-dela de 120 publications, dont 40 statistiquesen usage a la Direction generale. etaient d'envergure nationale. II a egalement Renseignements scientifiques Cette annee, Un nombre croissant d'endroits y ont acces, realise plus de 750 travaux graphiques et Ie SPR a mis a jour la Base de donnees des ce qui represente pour la Direction generale audio-visuels, 1 230 diapositives etudes (BDE), de fa~on a reunir des des economies de plus de 40 000 $.
26 Research Prograin Service 1992 Cette annee, 44 personnes ont participe Ressources Fairey, D.T.; Lefkovitch, L.P. 1991. au programme des bourses de recherche Le SPR dispose de 56 annees-personnes. Hard-seed content of alfalfa grown in dans les laboratoires du gouvernement Son personnel compte 12 employes de la Canada. Can. J. Plant Sci. 71:437-444. canadien. Ce programme est gere par Ie SPR categorie professionnelle. Sa clientele se Fairey, D.T.; Lefkovitch, L.P. 1991. pour Ie Conseil de recherches en sciences trouve chez les chercheurs etles oReproduction of Megachile rotundata Fab. naturelles et en genie du Canada. En 1991, gestionnaires de la Direction generale de la foraging on Trifolium spp. and Brassica Ie programme John Wise, consacre a recherche. Les renseignements produits par campestris. Acta Hortic. 0 (Wageningen) l'accueil des boursiers etrangers, a vu Ie jour. Ie SPR sont utilises a l'echelon federal, 288:185-189. Appui statistique Cette annee, Ie SPR a provincial et international par: Fraser, D.; Phillips, P.A; Thompson, RK.; repondu plus de 200 demandes d'aide • les scientifiques, les gestionnaires et les a Tennessen, T. 1991. Effect of straw on the ponctuelle en statistiques et en technologues qui font de la recherche en behaviour of growing pigs. App!. Anim. informatique. Voici quelques etudes menees agriculture Behav. Sci. 30:307-318. a terme et qui ont porte sur la recherche • les vulgarisateurs en agriculture phytotechnique et zootechnique : Fraser, D.; Thompson, B.K. 1991. Armed • les politiciens charges de la politi que • effets des mycotoxines des aliments sur la sibling rivalry among suckling piglets. Behav. scientifique croissance des pores Eco!. Sociobio!. 29:9-15. • les professeurs et leurs etudiants en Giles, RE.; Lefkovitch, L.P. 1991. • croissance accrue des porcelets par agriculture et en environnement l'amelioration de l'environnement et une Subgroups in the Hordeum patagonicum • les fermiers, les producteurs et les reduction de la competition dans les complex (Poaceae). Plant Syst. Evo!. transformateurs de l'industrie litieres 174:47-66. agro-alimentaire. • methode economiquement plus rentable Grunder, AA; Cave, N.AG.; Pawluczuk, pourola culture des semences dans la R; Butler, G.; Poste, L.M. 1991. Influence of region de la Riviere-de-la-paix • breed, finisher diet, age and sex on • avantages a incorporer une culture abri liveweight and carcass traits of broiler geese. ResearCh Publications dans les semis de cultures fourrageres Arch. Gefluegelkd. 55(4):148-152. Publications de recherche • identification au cours d'essais regionaux Kramer, J.K.G.; Fouchard, RC.; Sauer, Aiken, S.G.; Lefkovitch, L.P. 1991. de nouveaux cultivars et des terrains ou il ED.; Farnworth, E.R; Wolynetz, M.S. 1991. Arctagrostis (Poaceae, tribe Pooideae) in n'est pas necessaire d'effectuer des tests. Quantitating total and specific lipids in a North America and Greenland. Can. J. Bot. small amount of biological sample by Parmi les travaux de recherche sur la 68:2422-2432. TLC-FID. J. Planar Chromatog. 4:42-45. qualite de l'eau et du sol, citons : Basu, P.K.; Butler, G. 1991. Colony growth Lefkovitch, L.P. 1991. Analysis of rating • l'evaluation des effets des residus response to temperature and pathogenicity scale data. Can. J. Plant Sci. 71:571-573. d'engrais sur les experiences ulterieures of isolates of Verticillium albo-atrum from en plein champ alfalfa in Canada. Can. J. Plant Patho!' Lefkovitch, L.P. 1991. Individual samples • la mise au point d'une nouvelle methode 13:112-115. and the bootstrap. Biom. J. 33(3):299-303. d'evaluation de la fertilite des parcelles en Binns, M.R; Nyrop, J.P. 1991. Sampling Lefkovitch, L.P. 1991. Vector dissimilarity vue d'ameliorer l'efficacite des insect populations for the purpose of IPM and clustering. Math. Biosci. 104:39-48. experiences en plein champ decision making. Annu. Rev. Entomo!. Lin, C.S.; Binns, M.R 1991. Assessment of a • l'etude de methodes destinees a ameliorer 37:427-453. method for cultivar selection based on la qualite de l'eau dans les fermes de production de betai!. Butler, G.; Poste, L.M.; Grunder, AA; regional trial data. Theor. App!. Genet. Cave, N.AG.; Pawluczuk, R 1991. Influence 82:379-388. Dans Ie domaine de la recherche of breed, finisher diet, sex and age at Lin, C.S.; Binns, M.R 1991. Genetic alimentaire, voici quelques realisations: slaughter on cooking and sensory properties properties of four types of stability • evaluation de plusieurs methodes of broiler geese. Arch. Gefluegelkd. parameter. Theor. App!. Genet. 82:505-509. destinees a calculer les taux de gras dans 55(4):176-181. Ie lait Mailloux, G.; Binns, M.R; Bostanian, N.J. Darwent, AL.; Smith, J.H.; Lefkovitch, L.P. • mise au point de methodes visant a 1991. Density yield relationships and 1991. Control of volunteer alsike cover in economic injury level model for the ameliorer l'analyse sensorielle effectuee timothy grown for seed. Can. J. Plant Sci. par un jury de degustateurs. Colorado potato beetle larvae on potatoes. 71:555-559. Res. Popu!. Eco!. (Kyoto) 33:101-113. Dans Ie domaine de la lutte integree, Emmons, D.B.; Binns, M.R 1991. Milk McLeese, J.M.; Patience, J.E; Wolynetz, les statisticiens se sont distingues dans les clotting enzymes. IV. Proteolysis during M.S.; Christison, G.!. 1991. Evaluation of realisations suivantes : cheddar cheese making in relation to the q~ality of ground water supplies used on • evaluation du seuil economique estimated losses of basic yield using Saskatchewan swine farms. Can. J. Anim. d'intervention chymosin derived by fermentation (A. niger) Sci. 71:191-203. • mise au point de methodes and modified enzyme from M. miehei. d'echantillonnage pour l'evaluation des Milchwissenschaft 46(6):341-408. Mullen, w.J.; Jui, P.Y.; Nadeau, L.; Smyrl, T.G. 1991. The vitamin C content of seven taux d'infestation. cultivars of potatoes grown across Canada.
Service aux programmes de recherches 1992 27 Can. Inst. Food Sci. Technol. J. Pratylenchus penetrans as affected by 24(3/4):169-171. temperature. J. Nematol. 23(2):194-197. Nyrop, J.P.; Binns, M.R. 1991. Quantitative Wilson, T.P.;Canny, M.J.; McCully, M.E.; methods for designing and analyzing Lefkovitch, L.P. 1990. Breakdown of sampling programs for use in pest . cytoplasmic vacuoles-a model of management. Pages 67-132 in CRC endoplasmic membrane rearrangement. handbook of pest management in Protoplasma 155:144-152. agriculture, Vol. II. CRC Press Inc., Boca Raton, Fla. Ogilvie, I.; Cloutier, D.; Arnold, N.; Jui, P.Y. 1991. The effect of gibberellic acid on fruit and seed set in crosses of garden and winter hardy Rqsa accessions. E~phytica 52:119-123. Olthof, Th.H.A.; Wolynetz, M.S. 1991. Pratylenchus penetrans and P. neglectus in tubers of potato (Solanum tuberosum) in Ontario. Can. J. Plant Sci. 71:1251-1256. Olthof, Th.H.A.; Townshend, J.L; Wolynetz, M.S. 1991. Reduction of Pratylenchus penetrans in potato tubers treated with oxamyl and sodium hypochlorite. Can. J. Plant Sci. 71:1243-1250. Patni, N.K.; Jui, P.Y. 1991. Nitrogen concentration variability in dairy-cattle slurry stored in farm tanks. Trans. ASAE (Am. Soc. Agric. Eng.) 34(2):609-615. Phillips, P.A.; Fraser, D.; Thompson, B.K. 1991. Preference by sows for a partially enclosed farrowing crate. Appl. Anim, Behav. Sci. 32:35-43. Prelusky, D.B.; Yeung, J.M.; Thompson, B.K.; Trenholm, H.L. 1991. Effect of deoxynivalenol on neurotransmitters in discrete regions of swiIie brain. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 22:36-40. Rotter, B.A.; Thompson, B.K.; Prelusky, D.B.; Trenholm, H.L. 1991. Evaluation of potential interactions involving trichothecene mycotoxins using the chick embryotoxicity bioassay. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 21:621-624. Shipley, B.; Keddy, P.A; Lefkovitch, L.P. 1991. Mechanisms producing plant zonation along a water depth gradient: a comparison with the exposure gradient. Can. J. Bot. 69:1420-1424. Szabo, T.I.; Lefkovitch, L.P. 1991. Development of overwintered honey bee colonies with one- and two-year-old queens. Bee Sci. 1(3):144-150. Thompson, B.K.; Weiner, J.; Warwick, S.1. 1991. Size-dependent reproduCtive output in agricultural weeds. Can. J. Bot. 69:442-446. Townshend, J.L.; Wolynetz, M.s. 1991. Penetration of celery and alfalfa roots by
28 Research Program Service 1992 Eastern Region Region de rEst
Director General Y.A. Martel, Ph.D. Directeur general '!'rogram Director G.L. Rousselle, Ph.D. Directeur des programmes Directors Directeurs St. John's M.D. Sudom, M.S.A. St. John's Charlottetown c.B. Willis, Ph.D. Charlottetown Kentville P.w. Johnson, Ph.D. Kentville Fredericton D.K. McBeath, Ph.D. Fredericton Lennoxville J.-M. Deschenes, Ph.D. Lennoxville Sainte Foy A. St-Yves,M.Sc. Sainte Foy Saint-Hyacinthe c.B. Aube, Ph.D. Saint-Hyacinthe Saint -Jean-sur- Richelieu D. Demars, Ph.D. Saint -Jean-sur- Richelieu Harrow D.R. Menzies, Ph.D. Harrow Kapuskasing G.L. Roy, Ph.D. Kapuskasing London C.E Marks, Ph.D. London
Directory of Research 1992 29
ST. JOHN'S Research Station Station de recherches Research Branch Direction generale de la recherche Agriculture Canada Agriculture Canada Brookfield Road, P.O. Box 7098 Chemin Brookfield, e.P. 7098 St. John's, Newfoundland St. John's (Terre-Neuve) A1E3Y3 A1E3Y3
Tel. (709) 772-4619 Tel. Fax (709) 772-6064 Telecopie EM SJOHRA::DIRECTOR e.E.
RfeSSional Staff 9sonnel professionnel Director M.D. Sudom, M.S.A. Directeur Administrative Officer H.M. Stevenson Agent d'administration
Scientific Support Soutien scientifique Librarian (seconded in) H. Sabourin, M.L.S. Bibliothecaire (detache)
Crop Production Production vegetale Agricultural machinery and land drainage G.A Bishop, M.ASc. Machinerie agricole et drainage des terres Integrated pest management P.L. Dixon, Ph.D. Lutte integree Potato and vegetable diseases M.e. Hampson, Ph.D. Maladies de la pomme de terre et des cultures legumieres Forage, agronomy D.B. McKenzie, Ph.D. Agronomie, fourrage Vegetable and berry crops B.G. Penney, M.Sc. Cultures Iegumieres et petits fruits Potato and rutabaga breeding K.G. Proudfoot, M.Agr. Amelioration genetique de la pomme de terre et du rutabaga Insect fauna of Newfoundland and R.E Morris, M.Sc., Entomofaune de Terre-Neuve et du Labrador (Honorary Research Associate) EE.S.e., EA.Le. ' Labrador (assode honoraire'de recherche)
Mndate The St. John's Research Station conducts Yield increased with phosphorus applied up Potato and vegetable diseases Growth- research on crop production on mineral and to a maximum rale of 153 kg/ha. Both chamber experiments with potato nodal peat soils in Newfoundland. It also develops nitrogen and potassium deficiency symptoms propagants cultivated in soils infested with techniques for managing stands of native decreased with increasing rate of the Synchytrium endobioticum, Pathotype 2 fruit and methods for controlling potato respective nutrient, but slight symptoms showed that sandy soils at 15°C were most pests whose presence require stocks to be were still evident even at the highest rates conducive to wart disease. Scoring the quarantined. evaluated. Late cabbage grown where all disease at the low inoculum density of six fertilizer was placed on the peat surface had resting spores in 10 g of soil, showed that the Achievements significantly less nutrient deficiency disease doubled for each respective Vegetable and berry crops An 8-year symptoms than those grown where fertilizer logarithmic doubling of the inoculum spore lowbush blueberry field trial showed that , was incorporated. Of several slow-release load in the soil. In experiments under field weed control and timing of nitrogen fertilizer products tested, only Nutricote conditions, the disease was suppressed fertilizer application are the main factors Type 40 satisfactorily reduced deficiency entirely by amending the soil on top of the affecting production. Weed control alone symptoms. tuber with crushed crabshell. gave the greatest increase in yield. Nitrogen Increasing the potassium rate to a Agricultural machinery and land drainage A also increased production but gave best maximum of 540 kg/ha increased marketable mole drainage trial was established on 2.5 ha results when applied during the fruiting yields of celery on peat soil. Increasing the of undeveloped peat soil at the Colinet rather than the vegetative year. nitrogen and phosphorus rates beyond 250 substation to determine hydraulic Late cabbage trials on peat soil showed and 44 kg/ha, respectively, produced no performance, mole persistence, and crop that increasing the nitrogen and potassium significant increase in yield. response to improved drainage. The drains rates to a maximum of 550 and 706 kg/ha, were installed at 1-m depth at several respectively, increased marketable yield. spacings using an experimental laser-
Sf. John's 1992 31 controlled mole drainage machine Resources accroitre Ie rendement en produit marchand contracted from the Finnish company The station includes offices, laboratories, en augmentant a 550 kglha la dose d'azote et VAPO, in cooperation with Northland greenhouses, and numerous farm buildings, a 706kglha la dose de potassium. On a Associates Limited. The machine installed _ all located on 64 ha of land near the city of egalement note qu'on pouvait accroitre Ie drains at about 500 mlh. St. John's. Land on the home station is used rendement en appliquant des doses de Integrated pest management During a field primarily for forage and potato trials. Two phosphore jusqu'a un maximum de study on the blueberry leaftier, in substations provide added field research 153 kglha. Ces hausses ont contribue a cooperation with the University of New capabilities. The peat soil of the 280-ha attenuer les symptomes de can::nce de Brunswick, a newly identified insect pest, Colinet substation is used for vegetable l'element nutritif correspondant, mais des Neotelphusa praejixa (Braun) (Gelechiidae), production research, drainage experiments, symptomes peu prononces etaient encore was collected. Similar in its habits and and maintenance of disease-free potato presents meme aux doses les plus fortes. En damage to the leaftier, this insect constituted breeding stocks. The 14-ha Avondale outre, on a observe beaucoup moins de up to 68% of the total larval population in substation is used for blueberry trials as well symptomes lorsque l'engrais etait place a la some areas. as field evaluation of the resistance of potato surface de la tourbe plutot qu'incorpore a celle-ci. Enfin, de tous les engrais-retard Forage agronomy Fall rye survived the stocks to wart disease and potato cyst nematode. evalues, seulle Nutricote type 40 a eu des winter in excellent shape in 1991, whereas' . effets benefiques sur les carenc:es. most other crops were significantly delayed A provincial agriculture office- by cold spring weather. Many grasses were laboratory complex adjoins the main office Sur sol tourbeux, les rendements unusually susceptible to a common leaf building allowing close cooperation between marchands en celeri n'ont pas augmente de fungus; meadow foxtail suffered the most research staff and provincial agriculture fac;on significative en reponse ii une yield loss from the disease, but even timothy personnel. Staff of the Food Production and augmentation des doses d'azote et de showed severe symptoms before second cut. Inspection Branch, who are involved in phosphore (au-dela de 250 et 44 kglha Cutting management was extremely evaluating and releasing potato cultivars respectivement), mais ils se sont accrus avec important in alfalfa persistence in the from the breeding program, have been l'augmentation de la dose de potassium a un St. John's area. Red clover was completely provided glasshouse facilities for multiplying maximum de 540 kglha. winterkilled by frost-heaving in 1990-1991. preelite seed of pest-resistant cultivars. Maladies de la pomme de terre et des Kura clover has established well on peat Forestry Canada maintains a greenhouse on legumes Des experiences en ehambre de soils. Phacelia has not yielded well on either the site for forestry and acid-rain research. croissance sur des germes de pommes de peat or mineral soils. Corn grew extremely The station has a staff of 30 terre cultives dans des sols'inkstes par Ie poorly in 1991 in trials at eastern and person-years, of which six are research pathotype 2 du Synchytrium endobioticum western locations, as expected for this cold professionals. ont montre que les sols sablonneux a 15°C summer. In preliminary trials, frostseeded etaient les plus propices a la tumeur' grasses and legumes on mineral soils and verruqueuse. La maladie s'est manifestee overseeded grasses and legumes on acidic • meme en presence d'un faible inoculum (six barrens have established better than spores au repos dans 10 g de sol). Elle a Mndat expected. This method could be a valuable, double en virulence en reponse a chaque inexpensive seeding technique for La Station de St. John's poursuit, a doublement logarithmique de la quantite 32 Sf. John's 1992 I'Universite du Nouveau-Brunswick, a pennis dommages causes par la mouche des racines in Newfoundland. Can. J. Plant Pathol. d'identifier un nouvel insecte ravageur ayant a donne les resultats suivants : IRPT. F90, 13:97-105. les memes habitudes que la lieuse et causant peu de dommages; Kingston : moderes; Morris, Ray E; Proudfoot, K.G.; Morry, les memes dommages : Neotelphusa praefixa Marian: moderes a graves; H.G. 1991. An update on the spread of the (Braun); en certains endroits, les larves de Laurentian: graves. antler moth, Cerapteryx graminis cet insecte constituaient jusqu'a 68 % de la Ressources (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Newfoundland. population larvaire. Can. Field-Nat. 105:78-81. Agronomie fourragere Le seigle d'automne La station, situee sur un terrain de 64 ha aux a traverse I'hiver 1990-1991 en excellente confins de la ville de St. John's, comprend condition, mais Ie froid qui a sevi au des bureaux, des laboratoires, des serres et printemps a considerablement retarde la plusieurs batiments de fenne. Les terres de plupart des autres cultures. Bon nombre de la station servent principalement de champs graminees ont Me particulierement d'essais pour Ie fourrage et les pommes de vulnerables a un champignon folicole terre. Les deux sous-stations offrent d'autres commun; meme si la fieole des pres montrait possibilites d'etude sur Ie terrain. La des symptomes graves avant la deuxieme recherche en production vegetale sur sols fauche, c~estIe vulpin des pres qui a ete Ie tourbeux est effectuee a la Sous-station de plus touche. Dans la region de St. John's, la Colinet, d'une superficie de 280 ha. On y fait luzerne a mieux resiste a la maladie, grace egalement des etudes sur Ie drainage et la surtout a une bonne regie de la recolte. Le conservation de stocks de pommes de terre dechaussement hivernal a detruit Ie trefle exemptes de maladies en vue de la selection. rouge. Quant au trefle de la Koura, il s'est La recherche sur Ie bleuet s'effectue a la tres bien implante sur les sols tourbeux. La Sous-station d'Avondale, d'une superficie de phacelie n'a pas donne de bons rendements, 14 ha, qui sert egalement a l'evaluation en ni sur sols tourbeux ni sur sols mineraux. plein champ de la reaction des stocks de Comme on s'y attendait, vu l'ete froid de pommes de terre a la gale verruqueuse ainsi 1991, on a observe une croissance mediocre qu'aux nematodes a kystes. du mai"sdans les essais poursuivis tant dans L' immeuble principal jouxte Ie I'est que dans 1'0uest. Dans des essais complexe de bureaux et de laboratoires du preliminaires sur des graminees et des ministere provincial de l'Agriculture, ce qui legumineuses, les semis sur sols mineraux favorise une etroite collaboration entre les durant les periodes de gel d'une part, et les chercheurs et les fonctionnaires provinciaux. sursemis sur sols denudes et acides d'autre Le personnel de la Direction generale de la part se sont mieux etablis que prevu. A cause production et de I'inspection des aliments de la grande etendue de terres marginales a joue un role essentieldans l'evaluation et la Terre-Neuve, cette technique diffusion de cultivars dans Ie cadre du d'ensemencement, qui est peu cofiteuse, programme d'amelioration genetique des pourrait se reveler tres utile pour les pommes de terre. Des serres sont mises a agriculteurs de la province. leur disposition pour la multiplication des Amelioration genetique de la pomme de terre semences pre-elite de cultivars resistants aux et du rutabaga Au cours des nombreuses parasites. Forets Canada dispose d'une serre annees ou il a ete a I'etude, Ie cultivar de destinee a la recherche sur les forets et les pomme de terre, N1522-8, aux tubercules pluies acides. ovales et allonges a peau bleue, a tres bien La station compte six professionnels, resiste a la tumeur verruqueuse et a donne qui se consacrent a la recherche, et dispose de bons resultat~ au cours des tests qu'on lui de 30 annees-personnes. a fait subir. On en est au stade de la multiplication des stocks de semences et on espere pouvoir nommer et homologuer Ie • cultivar en 1994. Quant aux cultivars Hilite ResearCh Publications Russet et Frontier Russet, ils ont bien resiste Publications de recherche a la tumeur verruqueuse dans les parcelles Dolyagin, A.B.; Avidon, Y.Y.;...; Hampson, d'essai. M.e.; et al. 1990. Research on an efficient Le rutabaga IRPT F90 a fanes means of selecting chemical compounds for violacees, resistant a la mouche des racines testing on the causative agent of potato et a la hernie, a donne un rendement total canker [in Russian]. Mikol. Fitopatol. superieur (79 %) a celui des cultivars 24(3):257-259. . Marian (64 %), Kingston (62 %) et Hampson, M.C.; Coombes, J.w. 1991. The Laurentian (20 %). L'evaluation des use of crabshell meal to control potato wart Sf. John's 1992 33 CHARLOTTETOWN Research Station Station de recherches Research Branch Direction generale de la recherche Agriculture Canada Agriculture Canada 440 University Avenue, P.O. Box 1210 440, avenue University, CP. 1210 Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island Charlottetown (Ile-du-Prince-Edouard) CiA 7M8 CiA 7M8 Tel. (902) 566-6800 Tel. Fax (902) 566-6821 Telecopie EM OTTB::AG3030000 CE. Rfess;onal Staff R,sonnel profess;onnel Director CB. Willis, Ph.D. Directeur Assistant Director H.T. Kunelius, Ph.D. Directeur adjoint Administrative Officer L.E. Hurry Agent d'administration Scientific Support Soutien scientifique Information Systems Manager M.J. Green Gestionnaire des systemes d'information Statistical support J.R Sanderson, M.Sc. Appui statistique Librarian (seconded in) R Stanfield, M.L.S. Bibliothecaire (detache) Livestock Feed Crops Cultures pour Ie betail Program Leader; Barley and forage R.A Martin, Ph.D. Directeur de programme; maladies de diseases I'orge et desplantes fourrageres Barley breeding T.M. Choo, Ph.D. Amelioration de l'orge Clover breeding RR Christie, Ph.D. Amelioration du trefle Wheat and oat diseases H.W Johnston, Ph.D. Maladies du ble et de I'avoine Nematology J. Kimpinski, Ph.D. Nematologie Forage management H.T. Kunelius, Ph.D. Regie des plantes fourrageres Forage conservation and utilization P.R Narasimhalu, Ph.D. Conservation et utilisation des fourrages Wheat breeding, cereal physiology H.G. Nass, Ph.D. Amelioration du ble et physiologie des cen5ales Soil and Water Sol eteau Program Leader; Soil fertility, J.A. MacLeod, Ph.D. Directeur de programme; fertilite du sol, protein crops culture proteagineuse Agricultural engineering, tillage AJ. Campbell, M.Phil. Genie agricole, travail du sol Soil tillage M.R Carter, Ph.D. Travail du sol Soil management L.M. Edwards, Ph,D. Gestion des sols Soil and plant micronutrients U.c. Gupta, Ph.D. Sols et oligo-elements Potato Pommes de terre Program Leader; Weed control J.A Ivany, Ph.D. Directeur de programme; luw: contre les mauvaises herbes Potato and tobacco variety evaluation WJ. Arsenault, RSc. Evaluation des varietes de tabac et de pommes de terre Potato diseases H.W Platt, Ph.D. Maladies de la pomme de terre Potato production-processing J.B. Sanderson, M.Sc. Production de pommes de terre- and table Transformation et pommes de terre de consommation Entomology J.G. Stewart, Ph.D. Entomologie Seed potato and corn-nutrition RP. White, Ph.D. Nutrition et regie des plants diepommes and management de terre et de mats 34 Charlolttetown1992 Mndate The Charlottetown Research Station from a long-term stand on P.E.I., was depth to loosen the compacted Ap horizon develops new cultivars and management released for use by other plant breeders. and to allow deeper mixing of lime programs for barley and clover for eastern Spectrophotometry showed that nodules amendments to neutralize soil acidity. Canada. It also conducts research on from red clover plants selected for high rates Measurements of ninhydrin-reactive N • other cereal and forage crops of nitrogen fixation have many more active released in the CHCl3 fumigation extraction • management, protection, and nutrition of cells and remain viable longer than those of method provided a rapid assay for potatoes parental cultivars. estimating microbial biomass C and N and a • soil management and conservation The main advantage of rejuvenating comparison of microbial N content between • forage-based dairy-beef production. pastures by sodseeding was to increase white different soils in field studies. clover content in the production years. In Potato Amino triazole or glyphosate Achievements the first production year, sodseeded and applied where a crop was not present conventionally seeded pastures outyielded Livestockfeed crops One soft, white, winter controlled field mint. Both herbicides unimproved native pasture by 21 and 10%, wheat line with superior resistance to applied at the six-leaf stage gave comparable respectively. fusarium head blight has been identified; it control. Applied at the flowering stage, is high yielding and equal to the resistant When grazed by Holstein steers for 130 glyphosate was more effective than amino check Ena for resistance. To identify wheat days, intensively managed pastures seeded triazole, based on visual control rating in the lines with potential for parents in a breeding to several grass-white clover mixtures same year. Counts of regrowth shoots per program, tolerance to yield loss has been produced daily gains of 1.3 kilograms per square metre the next summer showed both measured. Trials indicate yield loss head. A 320-kg dairy-type steer fed timothy herbicides to be equally effective in calculations can be used instead of symptom or red clover chopped-silage plus a daily controlling field mint. severity measurements. Rotation trials on supplement of 0.4 kg fishmeal, 0.6 kg In field-grown potato, haloxyfop winter wheat have shown a decrease in soybean, or 2 kg barley can reach the 500-kg applied at 0.25 kg/ha at the four- to five-leaf Rhizoctonia populations with increasing marketable weight 36 days earlier than stage controlled more than 80% of nitrogen application and an increase in animals fed silage alone. quackgrass. Lower rates controlled less than crown infections by Fusarium spp. Best Soil and water A cooperative project with 80% when used alone, but adding cultivation growth of the winter wheat crop was the Centre for Land and Biological improved control. No adverse effect on achieved after a legume crop. Resources Research used an instrumented potato yield was noted with haloxyfop. In the High positive correlation between the test tractor to measure energy requirements greenhouse, haloxyfop gave equal control root lesion nematode Pratylenchus penetrans for primary tillage implements. At depths when applied at the two-, four-, or six-leaf (Cobb) and the root rot fungus Cochliobolus less than 15 cm, the chisel plow and disc stage and when quackgrass plants grew from sativus (Ito & Kurib.) were detected in harrow require least energy. At depths 2- or 10-node rhizome pieces. adventitious and seminal roots of barley. exceeding 15 cm, the moldboard plow is the Greensprouting of Superior cultivar Field performance of 46 lines at more energy-efficient primary tillage tool. seed resulted in faster emergence, more Charlottetown and Ottawa in 1991,which Incorporating lupine green manure into rapid early growth, and increased were regenerated from immature the soil in early fall resulted in deeper marketable yields. A yield advantage from embryo-derived calli of Leger barley, leaching of nitrate and less N available to a green sprouting 70 days after planting showed that one line had higher grain yield following potato crop than late fall or sprIng decreased with each additional week's delay than the original line, one had higher test incorporation. Adding gypsum and in harvest. Irrigation applied during the weight, two had higher 1000-kernel weight, magnesium sulfate to the soil was equally laiter 2 years increased marketable yields and one was resistant to powdery mildew. In effective in overcoming the S deficiency from both normal and greensprouted seed in another study conducted at four locations symptoms on potato foliage; it increased a very dry year (1991); it gave no significant across Atlantic Canada, one of the nine also the S concentration in the leaf tissue. yield advantage in a more normal season regenerated lines had higher grain yield than Field studies on soybeans indicated that (1990). the original line; another had higher treating seed with selenium (Se) increased 1000-kernel weight and was much shorter The effect of the European corn borer the seed Se level making it sufficient for on yield of Russet Burbank potatoes was and headed earlier. animal nutrition. investigated at two sites on P.E.I. At one site, As a result of a 4-year study, the Under optimal environmental a weekly average over the season of 1.2 herbicides linuron and metolachlor have conditions shallow tillage, direct-drilling, larvae per stalk reduced both total and been registered for use in eastern Canada and moldboard plowing all produced similar marketable tuber yields. The higher degree under the Minor Use Program for control of grain yield. Wet or very dry growing seasons of damage by the European corn borer on weeds in sweet white lupine. Also, favored moldboard plowing and P.E.I., relative to more southerly locations, metribuzin has been registered for use on direct-drilling, respectively. Compared to may result from the longer interval of attack. the crop in Atlantic Canada only. moldboard plowing, shallow tillage reduced Recommended rates of N fertilizer for Two red clover strains, CRS-3 and machinery costs and energy requirements carrots could be reduced, because CRS-4, have been supported for registration for seedbed production by 25-48%. marketable yield was not significantly in Atlantic Canada. A winter-hardy line of However, long-term use of shallow tillage different where N was applied at 80, 64, or zigzag clover, CRS-Z-1, which was selected systems needs periodic increase in tillage 49 kg/ha. . Charlottetown 1992 35 Resources C'est a la suite de la culture d'une On a observe des gains quotidiens en Besides the research staff of 101.6 legumineuse qu'on a obtenu les meilleurs poids de 1,3 kg par tete chez des bouvi1lons person-years with 21 professionals, the resultats dans la culture du ble d'hiver. Holstein lorsqu'on les mettait eJrlpaturages station houses under one roof the On a observe, dans les racines geres de fa<;onintensive et ensemences avec Production Services Branch of the P.E.I. adventives et primaires de I'orge, une plusieurs melanges de graminees et de trefle Department of Agriculture and the correlation fortement positive entre Ie blanc, et ce pendant une periode de Charlottetown District Office of the nematode des racines, Pratylenchus broutage de 130jours. On peut diminuer de Extension Services Division, P.E.I. penetrans (Cobb), et Ie champignon du 36 jours Ie temps necessaire a un bouvillon Department of Agriculture. Also located on pourridie, Cochliobolus sativus (Ito & de race laitiere de 320 kg pour atteindre Ie the station is the district office of the Kurib.). En 1991, la performance en plein poids commercialisable de 500 kg avec de Agricultural Inspection Directorate of champ, a Charlottetown et a Ottawa, de I'ensilage hache de fleole des pres ou de Agriculture Canada's Food Production and 461ignees provenant de cals d'embryons trefle rouge, si on y ajoute un supplement Inspection Branch. immatures d'orge Leger a permis d'identifier quotidien de 0,4 kg de farine de poisson, 0,6 kg de soja ou 2 kg d'orge. The station operates two other une lignee donn ant un rendement en grains properties: Upton Farm in West Royalty, plus eleve que la lignee d'origine, une autre Pedologie et hydrologie Dans un projet en where the forage and beef research avec un poids specifique plus eleve, deux collaboration avec Ie Centre de recherches programs are centred, and the Harrington avec un poids de 1 000 grains plus eleve et sur les terres et les ressources biologiques, Research Farm, which accommodates about une autre manifestant une bonne resistance on a utilise un tracteur muni d'instruments 70% of the station's field studies in cereals, au blanc. Dans une autre etude, menee dans d'analyse pour etudier la consommation potatoes, and soil tillage and conservation. quatre localites des provinces de d'energie des principaux instruments The three locations have a total land base of l'Atlantique, on a observe que I'une des neuf aratoires. Les resultats indiquent qu'a une 344 ha; 55 ha of nonowned land is also used lignees regenerees donnait un rendement en profondeur de moins de 15 em, Ie chisel et Ie for research purposes. grains plus eleve que la lignee d'origine, pulveriseur depensent moins d'energie. Par tandis qu'un autre, de plus petite taille et contre, a plus de 15 em, c'est la charrue a • avec une epiaison plus hfitive, avait un poids versoirs qui est la plus efficace . de 1 000 grains plus eleve. L' incorporation du lupin comme Mndat A I'issue d'une etude de 4 ans, les engrais vert, au debut de I'automne, plut6t herbicides linuron et metolachlor ont ete qu'a la fin de cette saison ou au printemps, a La Station de recherches de Charlottetown homologues pour les provinces de l'Est, dans provo que un lessivage plus profond des cree de nouveaux cultivars et elabore des Ie cadre du Programme des pesticides a nitrates et, par consequent, diminue la programmes de gestion des cultures d'orge emploi limite, pour la lutte contre les quantite d'azote disponible pour une culture et de trefle dans I'est du Canada. Elle realise mauvaises herbes qui s'attaquent au lupin ulterieure de pommes de terre. Le gypse et egalement des recherches dans les domaines blanc doux; la metribuzine, autre herbicide, Ie sulfate de magnesium ont donne des suivants: a.ete homologuee pour les provinces de resultats aussi probants I'un que I'autre dans • autres cereales et cultures fourrageres I'Atlantique seulement. Ie traitement des sympt6mes de carence en • aspects nutritifs, gestion et protection des soufre sur Ie feuillage des pornmes de terre, cultures de pommes de terre Deux souches de trefle rouge, CRS-3 et CRS-4, ont ete recommandees pour tout en augmentant la concentration de • gestion et conservation des sols homologation dans les provinces de soufre dans Ie tissu des feuilles. Des essais • production de bovins laitiers de boucherie I'Atiantique. Une lignee rustique de trefle au champ sur Ie soja ont perm is de a I'aide de plantes fourrageres. intermediaire, CRS-Z-l, selectionnee dans demontrer que Ie traitement des graines au un champ d'essai de longue duree dans selernum augmentait la concentration de cet Realisations I'Ile-du-Prince-Edouard a ete mise ala element a un seuil suffisant pour la nutrition Cultures pour Ie betail On a decouvert une disposition d'autres selectionneurs. Par animale. lignee de ble d'hiver blanc et tendre spectrophotometrie, on a etabli que les Dans des conditions de milieu presentant une resistance superieure a la nodosites des plants de trefle rouge optimales, Ie travail superficiel du sol, Ie brfilure de I'epi. Elle donne un rendement selectionnees pour leur taux eleve de fixation semis direct et la charrue a versoirs ont eleve et possede une resistance equivalente a de I'azote en laboratoire etaient plus viables, produit des rendements en grains celie de la variete temoin resistante, Ena. et qu'elles comportaient beaucoup plus de equivalents; par contre, en saison de Pour identifier des lignees de ble cellules actives que celles de leurs parents. .croissance pluvieuse ou tres si~che,c'est avec susceptibles de fournir du materiel parental On a tire, comme principal avantage de la charrue a versoirs et Ie semis direct, pour la selection, on a calcule la tolerance la regeneration des pfiturages par sursemis, respectivement, qu'on a observe les des pertes de rendement. Les essais une augmentation du taux de trefle blanc meilleurs resultats. Comparativement a la indiquent que ce calcul peut remplacer la dans I'annee de production. La premiere charrue a versoirs, Ie travail superficiel du mesure de la gravite des symptOmes. Dans annee, Ie sursemis et I'ensemencement sol a reduit de 25 a 48 % les couts de des essais en rotation sur Ie ble d'hiver, on a classique ont permis d'obtenir des machinerie et les besoins energetiques observe une diminution des populations de rendements superieurs, (21 % et 10 % necessaires a la preparation du lit de Rhizoctonia avec I'augmentation des respectivement) a ceux des paturages semence. Cependant, si une methode applications d'azote et un accroissement des naturels non ameliores. culturale superficielle est adoptee, il faut infections du collet par Ie Fusarium spp. augmenter de fa<;onperiodique la 36 Charlottetown 1992 profondeur du travail du sol, pour remedier Dans deux localites de biological properties. Soil & Tillage Res. au compactage de I'horizon Ap et pour l'Ile-du-Prince-Edouard, on a etudie les 21:37-52. permettre un melange en profondeur de la effets de la pyrale du mais sur Ie rendement Carter, M.R. 1991. Ninhydrin-reactive N chaux ajoutee au sol pour en neutraliser de pommes de terre du cultivar Russet released by the fumigation-extraction I'acidite. Burbank. Dans I'une des localites, une method as a measure of microbial biomass La mise au point d'une method~ pour moyenne saisonniere de 1,2 larve par under field conditions. Soil BioI. Biochem. doser I'azote libere par un procede pedoncule par semaine a reduit les 23:139-143. rendements total et marchand des d'extraction par fumigation au chloroforme Carter, M.R. 1991. The influence of tillage et reagissant avec la ninhydrine permet de tubercules. On a attribue les dommages plus lourds de la pyrale du mais sur les cultures on the proportion of organic carbon and quantifier rapidement I'azote et Ie carbone nitrogen in the microbial biomass of medium presents dans la biomasse microbienne et de de I'lle-du-Prince-Edouard comparativement aux dommages observes textured soils in a humid climate. BioI. comparer la teneur en azote d'origine Fertil. Soils 11:135-139. microbienne des differents sols utilises dans dans les localites plus meridionales a une les essais au champ. periode d'attaque plus longue. Christie, B.R.; Choo, T.M. 1991. Morphological characteristics associated Pomme de ten-e L'aminotriazole ou Ie On n'a pas observe de difference notable dans Ie rendement marchand des with winter survival of five growth types of glyphosate appliques en I'absence de tetraploid red clover. Euphytica 54:275-278. cultures ont permis de lutter efficacement carottes lorsque des doses de 80, 64 et 49 kg contre la men the des champs. lis ont donne d'azote par hectare avaient ete appliquees; Christie, B.R.; Choo, ToM.1991. des resultats comparables lorsqu'on les a on peut donc reduire les doses. Registration of CRS-Z-1 zigzag clover appliques au stade 6 feuilles, mais une germplasm. Crop Sci. 31:1716. Ressources application au stade de la floraison a revele Donovan, B.c.; McNiven, M.A.; MacLeod, la superiorite du glyphosate, selon une La Station de Charlottetown dispose de J.A.; Anderson, D.M. 1990. Protein quality evaluation visuelle effectuee durant la meme 101,6 annees-personnes et compte 21 of two cultivars of lupin seeds evaluated in annee. Un comptage, I'ete suivant, du professionnels affectes a la recherche. Elle weaning rats. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. nombre de repousses par metre carre a abrite sous un meme toit Ie personnel de la 33:87-96. . permis de conclure que les deux herbicides Direction generale des services de Edwards, L.M. 1991. The effect of alternate etaient d'efficacite egale contre la menthe production du ministere de I'Agriculture de freezing and thawing on aggregate stability des champs. I'lle-du-Prince-Edouard ainsi que Ie bureau de vulgarisation pour Ie district de and aggregate size distribution of some Dans la culture en plein champ de la Charlottetown du ministere de I'Agriculture. Prince Edward Island soils. J. Soil Sci. pomme de terre, I'haloxyfop, a raison de On y retrouve egalement Ie bureau de 42:193-204. 0,25 kg/ha au stade de 4 5 feuilles, a permis a district de la Direction de I'inspection Edwards, L.M.; Burney, J.R. 1991.Sediment d'eliminer plus de 80 % du chiendent. agricole relevant de la Direction generale de concentration of interrill runoff under varying Utilise comme seul moyen de lutte, et dose a la production et de I'inspection des aliments soil, ground cover, soil compaction and plus faible, il a donne des resultats inferieurs d'Agriculture Canada. freezing regimes. J. Environ. Qual. 80 %, resultats qui ont quand meme pu a 20:403-407. etre ameliores par Ie travail du sol. La station possede deux L'haloxyfop n'a pas eu d'effets nefastes sur prolongements : la Ferme Upton, a West Frame, B.; Yu, K; Christie, B.R.; Pauls, KP. Ie rendement des pommes de terre. En Royalty, ou sont concentres les travaux de 1991. In vitro selection for resistance to serre, on a observe des resultats equivalents recherches sur les fourrages et Ie bceuf; la verticillium wilt in alfalfa (Medicago sativa selon qu'il etait applique aux stades 2, 4 ou Ferme experimentale de Harrington, ou se L.) using a fungal culture filtrate. Physiol. 6 feuilles, et que les plants de chiendent fait environ 70 % de la recherche sur les Mol. Plant Pathol. 39:325-340. cereales et pommes de terre et sur la etaient issus de parties de rhizomes Gupta, U.c. 1991. Boron, molybdenum and conservation et Ie travail du sol. Les trois comportant 2 ou 10 m~uds. selenium status in different plant parts in emplacements totalisent 344 ha. Un autre La pre germination des tubercules de forage legumes and vegetable crops. J. Plant 55 ha de terre, qui n'appartient pas a la semence du cultivar Superior a permis une Nutr. 14:613-621. station, est utilise a des fins de recherche. levee et une croissance precoce plus rapides Gupta, U.c. 1991. Iron status of crops in et une augmentation du rendement en Prince Edward Island and effect of soil pH produit marchand. Cependant, 70 jours • on plant iron concentration. Can. J. Soil Sci. apres la plantation, les effets avantageux de 71:197-202. Research Publications la pregermination sur Ie rendement ont Publications de recherche Isman, M.B.; Koul, 0.; Amason, J.T.; diminue avec chaque semaine de retard dans Stewart, J.G.; Salloum, G.S. 1991. la recolte. Durant une annee seche (1991), Carter, M.R. 1991. Evaluation of shallow Developing a neem-based insecticide for une irrigation appliquee dans les deux tillage for spring cereals on a fine sandy Canada. Mem. Entomol. Soc. Can. annees precedentes a augmente les. loam. 1. Growth and yield compbnents, N 159:39-47. rendements marchands, autant en culture accumulation and tillage economics. Soil & normale qu'avec des tubercules pregermes; Tillage Res. 21:23-25. Ivany, J.A. 1991. Effect of haloxyfop on par contre, durant une saison normale Carter, M.R. 1991. Evaluation of shallow quackgrass (Agropyron repens) and potatoes (1990), elle n'a produit aucune amelioration tillage for spring cereals on a fine sandy (Solanum tuberosum). Weed Technol. notable. loam. 2. Soil physical, chemical and 5:72-75. Charlottetown 1992 37 Ivany, J.A. 1991. Mentha arvensis control with amino triazole and glyphosate. Can. J. Plant Sci. 71:561-563. Kunelius, H.T. 1990. Dry matter production, fiber composition and plant characteristics of cool season grasses under two harvest systems. J. Agric. Sci. 115:321-326. Li, R; Gupta, D.C. 1991. Extraction of soil boron for predicting its availability to plants. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 22:1003-1012. Martin, RA.; MacLeod, J.A.; Caldwell, C. 1990. Influences of production inputs on infection incidence by Fusarium species on cereal seed. Plant Dis. 75:209-215. Milburn, P.; MacLeod, J.A. 1990 . .Considerations for tile drainage-water quality studies in temperate regions. Appl. Eng. Agric. 7:209-215. Miller, P.R; Christie, B.R. 1991. Genetics of resistance to Verticillium albo-atrum Reinke & Berthe in 'Vertus' alfalfa. Crop Sci. 31:1492-1495. McAndrew, D.W.; Malhi, S.S.; Carter, M.R 1991. Effect of tillage and N fertilization of a Solonetzic soil on barley production and some soil properties. Soil & Tillage Res. 22:95-107. Nass, H.G.; Hansel, E.; ...; Johnston, H.W. 1991. Karat winter wheat. Can. J. Plant Sci. 71:207-210. Nass, H.G.; Hansel, E.; ...; Johnston, H.W 1991. -Perlo winter wheat. Can. J. Plant Sci. 71:527-530. Nass, H.G.; Zillinsky, RJ.; ...; Johnston, H.W 1991. Bura spring triticale. Can. J. Plant Sci. 71:183-185. Papadopouios, Y.A.; Christie, B.R; Boland, G.J. 1991. The use of histochemical analysis and stem colonization for distinguishing reactions of alfalfa to verticillium wilt. Can. J. Bot. 69:1275-1283. Papadopoulos, Y.A.; Reeki, E.G.; Hunter, K.; Gupta, D.C. 1991. Changes in continuous timothy production with time in a long-term dykeland experiment. Can. J. Plant Sci. 71:761-769. Sanderson, K.R; Cutcliffe, J.A. 1991. Effect of sawdust mulch on yield of select clones of lowbush blueberry. Can. J. Plant Sci. 71:1263-1266. 38 Charlottetown 1992 KENTVILLE Research Station Station de recherches Research Branch Direction generale de la recherche Agriculture Canada Agriculture Canada 32 Main Street 32, rue Main Kentville, Nova Scotia Kentville (Nouvelle-Ecosse) B4N 115 B4N 115 Tel. (902) 679-5333 Tel. Fax (902) 679-2311 Telecopie EM OTTB::EM306MAIL C.B. Rtessiona, Staff Rsonne' protess;onnel Executive and Administration Direction et administration Director P.w. Johnson, Ph.D. Directeur Assistant Director K.I.N. Jensen, Ph.D. Directeur adjoint Administrative Officer Vacant Agent d'administration Manager, Industry Liaison RA Lawrence, M.Sc. Gestionnaire; relations avec I'industrie Scientific Support Soutien scientifique Regional Statistician K.B. McRae, Ph.D. Statisticien regional Regional Librarian (seconded in) J.R Miner, M.L.S. Bibliothecaire regionale (detache) Manager, Computer Systems W.D. Wilder, M.Sc.(CS) Gestionnaire, systeme informatique Crop Production Productions vegetales Section Head; Vegetable CR Blatt, Ph.D. Chef de section; Cultures legumieres- physiology and nutrition physiologie et nutrition Tree fruit breeding M.L.e. Deslauriers, Ph.D. Amelioration des arbres fruitiers Tree fruit physiology CG. Embree, M.Sc. Physiologie des arbres fruitiers Ornamentals physiology P.R. Hicklenton, Ph.D. Physiologie des piantes ornementales Berry crops breeding AR Jamieson, Ph.D. Amelioration des petits fruits Tree fruit physiology and nutrition D.H. Webster, Ph.D. Arbres fruitiers-physiologie et nutrition Crop Protection Protection des cultures Section Head; 1l:ee fruit RE Smith, Ph.D. Chef de section; Insectes nuisibles aux entomology arbres fruitiers Tree fruit pathology P.G. Braun, Ph.D. Maladies des arbres fruitiers Toxicology S.O. Gaul, Ph.D. Toxicologie Tree fruit entomology J.M. Hardman, Ph.D. Insectes nuisibles aux arbres fruitiers Vegetable pathology P.D. Hildebrand, Ph.D. Maladies des cultures legumieres Weed physiology K.I.N. Jensen, Ph.D. Physiologie des mauvaises herbes Mycology-berry crops N.L. Nickerson, Ph.D. Mycologie-maladies des petits fruits Food Aliments Section Head; Food processing R Stark, Ph.D. Chef de section; Transformation des aliments Storage physiology C.R Forney, Ph.D. Physiologie de la conservation Food microbiology E.D. Jackson, Ph.D. Microbiologie des aliments Food chemistry W. Kalt, Ph.D. Chimie des aliments Food engineering RA Lawrence, M.Sc. Genie alimentaire Food engineering (located at D.I. LeBlanc, M.Sc. Genie alimentaire (situe au Centre de Food Research Centre, recherches sur les aliments, Universite de Moncton) Universite de Moncton) Storage physiology RK. Prange, Ph.D. Physiologie de la conservation Food quality K.A Sanford, M.Sc. Qualite des aliments Food industry liaison T.M. Smith, M.Sc. Relations avec I'industrie alimentaire (on educational leave) (en conge d'etude) Kentville 1992 39 Poultry Volaille Section Head; Nutrition and physiology R.M.G. Hamilton, Ph.D. Chef de section; Physiologie et nutrition Nappan Nappan Experimental Farm Ferme experimentale Research Branch Direction generale de la recherche Agriculture Canada Agriculture Canada Nappan, Nova Scotia Nappan (Nouvelle-Bcosse) BOL 1CO BOL 1CO Thl. (902) 667-3826 Tel. Fax (902) 667-2361 Telecopie EM OTTB::EM307MAIL C.B. Superintendent P.L. Burgess, Ph.D. Regisseur Administrative officer AE. Foster Agent d'administration Beef nutrition and L.P. Laflamme, Ph.D. Conduite et alimentation des bovins de management boucherie Beef reproductive physiology I.A Robinson, Ph.D. Physiologie de la reproduction des bovins de boucherie Forage management Y.A Papadopoulos, Ph.D. Regie des plantes fourrageres Soil management A V. Rodd, M.Sc. Gestion des sols Swine nutrition and management T.A Van Lunen, M$c. Conduite d'elevage et alimentation des porcs Mndate The Kentville Research Station develops performance. However, proventriculus and In greenhouse studies 17 alfalfa new cultivars and technologies for the gizzard dilation in broiler chickens, cultivars varied widely in their response to production and protection of horticultural associated with feeding barley-containing acidic subsoil conditions and to AI in crops. It also studies the nutrition and diets, was reduced threefold when birds were nutrient culture. The results suggest that management of poultry and develops given grit. Storage temperature and duration increased tolerance to both could be innovative technology for food storage, influenced early embryonic mortality ofbroiler obtained by selection. handling, and processing. breeder eggs. These studies were funded by Vegetables Unventilated plastic row tunnels The Nappan Experimental Farm the Atlantic Poultry Research Institute. increased the yield of green peppers develops production systems for beef. Forages and cereals An interactive, threefold. Incorporated, pre- and menu-driven, statistical computing system, post-emergence applications of imazethapyr Achievements written in Genstat 5.2, was developed as a gave outstanding control of many common Beef Performance of steers fed a grass joint project with the Atlantic Provinces to annual weeds in peas and could serve as a silage-based diet significantly improved with • analyze the regional forage trials replacement for dinoseb. barley added to the diet at 0.2-0.4 kg/day. • provide for administrative control Treefruits An interactive computer model When fed barley at 3 kg/day, steer • process data over harvests and years for apple harvesting and marketing was performance was further improved by • produce camera-ready reports. developed that calculates projected profit supplementing the diet with locally Over 3 years, early maturing from factors affecting market choice, e.g., produced fishmeal at as little as 0.2 kg/day. orchardgrass cultivars had higher dry matter quality, yield, and price. Of two methods for In another study, feeding performance- yields, growth rates, leaf area indices, and assessing reciprocal hardiness in apple roots tested beef bulls hay containing either 8 or tiller densities than late-maturing ones. The and scions, regrowing cold-exposed material 13.5% protein had no significant effect on results suggest that these cultivars have was more cost effective than examining total gain, dry matter intake, hay or grain superior growth habits for rotational tissue; both correlated well with injury. intake, backfat deposition, or digestive grazing. Despite producing dry matter at In entomological research, persistence disorders. 2 t/ha less than monoculture orchardgrass of the predaceous mite 1jJphlodromus pyri Poultry The performance of broiler turkeys treated annually with N at 160 kg/ha, and its effectiveness against the European fed grower and finisher diets containing 50% unfertilized orchardgrass-white clover red mite was evident 6 years a,iter its release. naked oats with barley, corn, or wheat and pastures Mating disruption with pheromones gave supplemental DL-methionine was similar to • supported a more evenly distributed control of codling moth in both research and birds fed a control diet of corn-wheat- stocking rate grower orchards. A promising apple maggot soybean meal. Optimum performance of • resulted in higher individual animal gains trap useful for IPM monitoring was Leghorn hens was obtained from a diet and total gain per hectare developed through a collaborative study. A containing 45% ground barley. Neither • produced a higher percentage of animals survey showed the stability of Venturia barley type (two- vs six-row) nor assessed grade A at slaughter. inaequalis populations resistant to supplemental13-glucanase affected . sterol-inhibiting fungicides even when 40 IKentville 1992 l repeatedly exposed to intensive spray for whole frozen or puree packs depends on transformation des aliments. programs using other fungicides. yield and mechanical or hand harvesting. L'equipe de la Ferme experimentale de Berry crops Productivity of certain lowbush In comparing organically and Nappan elabore des systemes de production blueberry clones was increased by conventionally grown Mcintosh and pour les bovins de boucherie. micropropagation. Control of Monilinia Cortland apples, taste panelists perceived no blight on lowbush blueberries with triforine significantdifferences in juiciness, sweetness, Realisations for up to 96 h after infection will greatly tartness, nor off-flavors at harvest or after Breuf Par l'addition de 0,2 a 0,4 kg d'orge a .improve disease control by producers. A storage. However, organically grown apples leur alimentation quotidienne, on a obtenu previously undescribed species of were higher in soluble solids at harvest and une amelioration notable de la performance Exobasidium was found associated with leaf after storage. Organically grown Mcintosh des bouvillons dont l'alimentation de base galls on lowbush blueberry. A survey of were higher in sensory firmness at harvest. etait constituee de graminees d'ensilage. La blueberry insect pests isolated eight species A forced-air precooler, designed to cool performance a encore augmente par of naturally occurring entomopathogenic bins of spinach rapidly, reduced l'addition, a la ration quotidienne de 3 kg fungi and a Bacillus thuringiensis for temperatures to 90% of the desired holding d'orge, d'un leger complement de farine de assessment as potential biocontrol agents. temperature in 4 h. As a result, the rejection poisson (0,2 kg/jour) produite localement. Ornamentals Growth of the vigorous rate for shipments decreased from 50 to 1%. Dans une autre etude, portant sur des Cotoneaster dammeri taureaux de boucherie de performance woody plant has been Soils In a survey of formed dykeland soil, characterized in relation to the Ca-to-Mg eprouvee, on n'a observe aucun effetnotable nonproductive forage sites had greater sur l'augmentation de poids total, l'ingestion ratio in a container medium. This study resistance to penetration and higher bulk allowed us to define optimum ratios for de matiere seche, de foin ou de grains, density, salt, and Na+ concentration than l'epaisseur de gras dorsal et les problemes seasonal growth. Nutrient release patterns of productive ones. Productive sites had greater mixtures of controlled release fertilizers has digestifs en les nourrissant avec du foin organic matter content, oxygen diffusion contenant soit 8 %, soit 13,5 % de proteines. been defined in relation to incubation time rate, and porosity. and temperature. Release dynamics, related Volaille Des regimes de croissance et to plant growth and nutrient uptake in Resources d'engraissement contenant de l'avoine a different woody landscape species, provided The Research Station encompasses 188 ha grain nu (50 %), de l'orge, du mai'sou du ble a model of plant performance and how it is of land on the eastern limits of Kentville and et contenant un complement de affected by type and rate of premixed 74 ha of experimental plot land at its DL-methionine, ont donne, chez Ie dindon a fertilizer. The cultivar Bridal Veil of Sheffield Farm, about 8 km north of the griller, des resultats semblables a ceux d'un Gypsophila paniculata L. showed excellent station. The laboratory-office complex regime temoin a base de moulee de mai's, de growth and flower production under low integrates the Research and Food ble et de soja. Chez la poule Leghorn, on a temperature and low light conditions. Production and Inspection branch.es of obtenu une performance optimale avec une Year-round production of this crop in Agriculture Canada as well as the 'western alimentation contenant 45 % d'orge moulue. Canada is now a feasible proposition. regional staff of the Nova Scotia Ni Ie type d'orge (a 2 ou a 6 rangs) ni les Food processing The modification of a Department of Agriculture and Marketing. complements de l3-glucanasen'ont eu d'effet commercial process, used for the The research staff totals 99.1 person-years, sur la performance. Cependant, chez Ie manufacture of herb- and garlic-flavored including 27 professionals. poulet a griller, on a trouve une correlation oils, has provided high-quality, shelf-stable, entre la dilatation du gesier et du The Nappan Experimental Farm, glass pack products that do not support the proventricule et une alimentation contenant consisting of 240 ha of dykeland and upland growth of Clostridium botulinum. A new de l'orge; on a reussi a diminuer par trois soils, operates with a permanent staff of system for handling broccoli was developed l'intensite de ces symptomes, en donnant du 28.3 person-years, including 5 professionals. to allow rapid cooling and maintenance of gravier a la volaille. Dans les reufs de Regional extension offices ofthe Nova optimum quality until storage. reproduction de poulets a griller, on a Scotia Department of Agriculture and observe que la duree et la temperature Preprocess delays and cooling had Marketing and the Maritime Beef and Swine d'entreposage influaient sur la mortalite negligible effects on numerous quality Test stations are also located on the farm. precoce des embryons. Ces etudes ont ete attributes of minimally damaged lowbush subventionnees par l'Atlantic Poultry blueberry fruit stored at In another O°e. Research Institute. study, shelf life of lowbush blueberries was • Cultures fourrageres et cerealieres Dans un successfully extended for 6 weeks in a Mndat commercial trial using modified atmosphere projet entrepris avec les provinces de packaging in multiple units. La Station de recherches de Kentville cree I'Atlantique, on a mis au point un systeme de nouveaux cultivars et met au point de interactif a menus, en langage Genstat 5.2, Storage A method was developed for nouvelles techniques de production et de pour Ie traitement des donnees statistiques soluble carbohydrate analysis using an protection des cultures horticoles. On y afin enzyme-linked assay, microplate reader, and etudie egalement la nutrition et la conduite • d'analyser les resultats des essais sur Ie computer. This method has been applied to des troupeaux de volaille et on y elabore des fourrage effectues a l'echelle regionale sugar analysis in potato and strawberry techniques innovatrices en ce qui concerne • d'etablir un controle administratif tissue and fruit juice. The degree of l'entreposage, la manutention et la profitability of color sorting of strawberries • de traiter les donnees selon les recoltes et les annees Kentville 1992 41 • de produire des rapports prets a reproduction chez la pyrale de la pomme, Clostridium botulinum. On a mis au point un photographier. grace a des pheromones, a permis de nouveau systeme de manutention du brocoli maitriser ce ravageur dans les vergers de pour en faciliter Ie refroidissement rapide et Avec les cultivars de dactyle pelotonne recherche et de rapport; on a mis au point, Ie maintien de la qualite optimale jusqu'au a maturite precoce, on a obtenu, sur une par un projet en collaboration, un piege moment de l'entreposage. periode de 3 ans, des rendements en matiere a mouches de la pomme qui promet d'etre seche, des taux de croissance et des indices Plusieurs caracteristiques du bleuets utile dans la surveillance de la lutte integree. de surface foliaire plus eleves et des talles nains, en bon 61at, entreposes a 0 °C, n'ont Une etude a mis en evidence la stabilite des plus denses qu'avec les cultivars a pas souffert du refroidissement des fruits ni populations de Venturia inaequalis maturation tardive; ces resultats montrent du retard apporte a leur transformation. resistantes aux fongicides inhibiteurs de que les cultivars a maturite precoce ont un Dans une autre etude des procMes sterols, meme apres des expositions rep61ees type de croissance ideal pour les paturages industriels, on a prolonge de 6 semaines la a d'autres fongicides, dans Ie cadre de en rotation. Les paturages non fertilises de conservation des bleuets nains en les programmes de pulverisation intensive. dactyle pelotonne et de trefle blanc ont emballant en contenants multiples sous produit a l'hectare 2 t de moins de matiere Petits fruits On a augmente la productivite atmosphere modifiee. de certains clones du bleuet nain par une seche que les piiturages purs de dactyle Entreposage On a mis au point une pelotonne fertilises annuellement avec de technique de micropropagation. La lutte methode d'analyse des glucides.solubles a l'azote a raison de 160 kg/ha; cependant, on contre la pourriture a Monilinia du bleuet partir d'un test enzymatique, en utilisant un a obtenu de meilleurs resultats avec les nain, par des applications de triforine, dans lecteur de microplaques et un ordinateur. premiers qu'avec les seconds quant a un intervalle de 96 h apres l'infection, Cette methode a ete appliquee iil'analyse du l'uniformite de la densite de chargement, au constituera pour les producteurs un moyen sucre dans la pomme de terre e:tla fraise gain de poids par tete de betail et au gain plus efficace de riposte a la maladie. On a ainsi que dans les jus de fruits. La rentabilite total a l'hectare, ainsi qu'au pourcentage trouve, associee aux galles foliaires du bleuet du triage des fraises selon la couleur, pour la superieur d'animaux de categorie A a nain, une espece d'Exobasidium jamais production des surgeles entiers ou des l'abattage. encore decrite. Le releve des insectes conserves en puree depend du rendement et ravageurs du bleuet a permis d'isoler huit Au cours d'etudes en serre sur 17 de la methode de recolte (mecanique ou especes de champignons entomopathogenes cultivars de luzerne, on a constate une manuelle). naturels ainsi qu'un Bacillus thuringiensis qui grande variation des reactions a l'acidite du seront evalues a titre d'agents potentiels de Dans des experiences de d,Sgustation de sous-sol et la presence d'aluminium dans la a lutte biologique. pommes McIntosh et Cortland, au moment culture nutritive. Ces resultats portent a de la recolte et apres l'entreposage, qui croire que, par selection, on pourrait Plantes omementales On a etudie la visaient a comparer les resultats obtenus en augmenter la tolerance de ces deux facteurs. croissance d'une vigoureuse plante ligneuse, culture biologique ou par des methodes Cotoneaster dammeri, en fonction du rapport Legumes On a triple le rendement des classiques, Ie jury n'a trouve aucune Ca:Mg dans un milieu de croissance en poivrons verts en disposant, au-dessus des difference importante dans la jutosite, le recipients, afin de determiner les rapports rangs, des tunnels de plastique non ventiles. gout sucre, l'acidite, et l'arrien:-gout. optimaux lies a la croissance saisonniere. On Dans la culture du pois, l'imaz61hapyr Cependant, les pommes de culture a etabli, en fonction du temps d'incubation incorpore en prelevee et en postlevee a biologique avaient, a la recolte et apres et de la temperature, les courbes de donne des resultats remarquables contre de l'entreposage, une teneur plus elevee en liberation des substances nutritives dans des nombreuses mauvaises herbes annuelles matieres seches solubles; en outre, les melanges d'engrais a liberation lente. Une courantes, ce qui nous permet de croire qu'il McIntosh de culture biologique fralchement bonne connaissance de la cinetique de pourrait remplacer Ie dinosebe. recoltees etaient plus fermes. liberation Me a la croissance de differentes Arbres fruitiers On a mis au point un plantes ligneuses ornementaies et a leur Une chambre de refroidissement par modele informatise interactif pour la recolte assimilation des elements nutritifs a permis ventilation par surpression cont«uepour et la mise en marche des pommes; il permet de construire un modele de la performance refroidir rapidement des epinards en cellules de predire les profits a partir de facteurs des plantes en fonction du type d'engrais de stockage a permis de realiser, en 4 h, influant sur les choix du marche, p. ex. la premelange et de sa vitesse de liberation. Le 90 % de la reduction de tempe:rature qualite, Ie rendement et Ie prix. De deux cultivar Bridal Veil, Gypsophila paniculata necessaire pour atteindre la temperature de methodes d'evaluation de la rusticite L., a connu une croissance et une floraison garde, ce qui a reduit (de 50 a 1%) Ie reciproque des racines et des greffes de excellentes malgre des conditions nombre des expeditions rejetees. pommiers, l'evaluation de la repousse des parcimonieuses de temperature et Pedologie Dans l'etude d'un sol forme de tissus exposes au froid s'est revelee moins d'eclairement; on peut donc envisager la polder, les stations fourrageres non couteuse que l'examen des tissus, mais les possibilite de pratiquer la culture continue productives ont montre une plus grande deux ont donne une tres bonne correlation de cette espece au Canada. resistance a la penetration ainsi qu'une avec la gravite des dommages. Transformation des aliments Un procede densite apparente et une concentration de En recherche entomologique, la industriel de fabrication d'huiles aromatisees sels et d'ions sodium plus elevleesque les persistance de l'acarien predateur aux fines herbes et a l'ail a ete modifie afin stations productives. Par contr,~,celles-ci ont 1jJphlodromus pyri et son efficacite contre de fournir, en contenants de verre, des montre une concentration en matiere l'acarien rouge sont toujours visibles 6 ans . produits de haute qualite, a conservation organique, une vitesse de diffusion de apres son Hieher; la perturbation de la prolongee et refractaires a la croissance du l'oxygene et une porosite supeTieures 42 K(~ntville 1992 Ressources Hardman, J.M.; Rogers, M.L. 1991. Effects Nass, H.G.; Hansel, E.; Blatt, e.R; et a1. La Station de recherches couvre 188 ha a la of temperature and prey density on survival, 1991. Perlo winter wheat. Can. J. Plant Sci. limite est de la ville de Kentville, en plus des development and feeding rates of immature 71:527-530. 74 ha de parcelles experimentales ala Ferme Tjphlodromus pyri (Acari: Phytoseiidae). Nass, H.G.; Zillinsky, EJ.; ...; Blatt, e.R; et Sheffield, a environ 8 kIn au nord. Le Environ. Entomo1. 20:1089-1096. a1.1991. Bura spring triticale. Can. J. Plant complexe des laboratoires et bureaux integre Hardman, J.M.; Rogers, RE.L.; Nyrop, J.P.; Sci. 71:183-185. les Directions generales de la recherche ainsi Frisch, T. 1991. Effect of pesticide Nickerson, N.L. 1991. Late leaf rust. Pages que de la production et de l'inspection des applications on abundance of European red 30-32 in Ellis, M.A; et aI., eds. aliments d'Agriculture Canada, de meme mite (Acari: Tetranychidae) and Compendium of raspberry and blackberry que Ie personnel de la region ouest de la Tjphlodromus pyri (Acari: Phytoseiidae) in diseases and insects. APS Press, St. Paul, Nouvelle-Ecosse qui travaille pour Ie Nova Scotian apple orchards. J. Econ. Minn. ministere de l'Agriculture et de la Entomo1. 84:570-580. Commercialisation de cette province. La Nickerson, N.L.; Maas, J.L. 1991. Red stele Hicklenton, P.R 1991. GA3 and in North America. Ch. 43 in Dale, A, ed. station dispose de 99,1 annees-personnes, et benzylaminopurine delay leaf yellowing in compte 27 professionnels qui assument des The strawberry into the 21st century. Timber cutAlstroemeria stems. HortScience Press, Portland, Oreg. responsabilites a caractere scientifique. 26:1198-1199. La Ferme experimentale de Nappan Papadopoulos, Y.A; Christie, B.R; Boland, Hildebrand, P.D.; Braun, P.G. 1992. Factors G.J.; Busch, L.Y. 1991. The use of comprend 240 ha de plateaux et de polders. affecting infection of lowbush blueberry by Elle dispose de 28,3 annees-personnes, et histochemical analysis and stem colonization ascospores of Monilinia vaccinii-corymbosi. for distinguishing reaction of alfalfa to emploie 5 personnes dans la categorie Can. J. Plant Patho1. 13:232-240. professionnelle. Elle heberge egalement les verticillium wilt. Can. J. Bot. 69:1275-1283. bureaux regionaux de vulgarisation du Hildebrand, P.D.; Jensen, KI.N. 1991. Papadopoulos, Y.A; Reekie, E.; Hunter, K; ministere neo-ecossais precite ainsi que les Potential for the biological control of St. Gupta, V.e. 1991. Changes with time of stations d'essais pour bovins de boucherie et John's-wort (Hypericum perforatum) with an continuous timothy production in a les porcins des Maritimes. endemic strain of Colletotrichum . long-term dykeland experiment. Can. J. gloeosporioides. Can. J. Plant Patho1. Plant Sci. 71:761-769. 13:60-70. • Proudfoot, EG.; Jackson, E.D.; Hulan, Jamieson, AR 1991. Late summer H.W; Salisbury, e.D.e. 1991. Arsanilic acid Research Publications strawberry production in Nova Scotia with as a growth promoter for chicken broilers Publications de recherche waiting-bed plants. Adv. Strawberry Prod. when administered via the feed or drinking Blatt, e.R1991. Comparison of several 10:40-42. water. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 71:221-226. organic amendments with a chemical Jamieson, AR; Sanford, KA; Nickerson, Robinson, P.H.; McQueen, RE.; Burgess, fertilizer for vegetable production. Scientia N.L. 1991. 'Cavendish' strawberry. P.L. 1991. Influence of rumen undegradable Hortic.47:177-191. HortScience 26:1561-1563. protein levels on feed intake and milk Craig, D.L.; Jamieson, AR; Sanford, KA Kelly, D.; Hicklenton, P.R; Reekie, E.E. production of dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 1991. Glooscap and Blomidon strawberries. 1991. Photosynthetic response of geranium 74:1623-1631. Can. J. Plant Sci. 71:937-941. to elevated CO2 as affected by leaf age and Sanford, KA; Lidster, P.D.; McRae, KB.; et Craig, D.L.; Jamieson, AR; Sanford, KA; time .of C02 exposure. Can. J. Bot. a1.1991. Lowbush blueberry quality changes Nickerson, N.L. 1991. Annapolis and 69:2482-2488. in response to mechanical damage and Cornwallis strawberries. Can. J. Plant Sci. Laflamme, L.E; Hidiroglou, M. 1991. storage changes. J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 71:933-936. Effects of selenium and vitamin E 116:47-51. Daubeny, H.; Dale, A; ...; Jamieson, AR.; administration on breeding of replacement Smith, RE; Borden, J.H. 1991. Fecundity et a1.1991. Algonquin red raspberry. Fruit beef heifers. Ann. Rech. Vet. 31:65-69. and development of the mullein bug, Var. J. 45:122-124. Laycock, M.Y.; Hildebrand, P.D.; Thibault, Campylomma verbasci (Meyer) Embree, e.G.; MacLean, B.W; O'Regan, P.;Walter, J.A.; Wright, J.L.e. 1991. (Heteroptera: Miridae). Can. Entomo1. RJ. 1991. Harvmark: an interactive computer Viscosin, a potent peptidolipid biosurfactant 123:595-600. model for apple harvesting and marketing and phytopathogenic mediator produced by Smith, RE; Pierce, H.D.; Borden, J.H.1991. strategies. HortScience 26:1523-1525. a pectolytic strain of Pseudomonas Sex pheromone of the mullein bug, jluorescens. J. Agric. Food Chern. Embree, e.G.; McRae, KB. 1991. An Campylomma verbasci (Meyer) 39:483-489. exploratory study of reciprocal apple (Heteroptera: Miridae). J. Chern. Eco1. rootstock and scion hardiness with two MacKinnon, I.R; Prange, RK; Lidster, P.D. 17:1437-1447. methods of assessment. HortScience 1991. Forced air spinach precooler. App1. Van Lunen, T.A; Anderson, D.M.; St. 26:1560. Eng. Agric. 7:593-595. Laurent, A-M.; Barclay, J.; Nicholson, Embree, e.G.; McRae, KB.; Estabrooks, Midmore, D.J.; Prange, RK 1991. Sources J.WG. 1991. The utilization of E.N.; Pratt, e. 1991. Variation in growth, of heat tolerance amongst potato cultivars, acid-preserved poultry offal by growing- spur density and yield of 'MacSpur breeding lines, and Solanum species. finishing pigs. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 71:935-938. McIntosh.' HortScience 26:188-190. Euphytica 55:235-245. Kentville 1992 43 FREDERICTON Research Station Station de recherches Research Branch Direction generale de la recherche Agriculture Canada Agriculture Canada 850 Lincoln Road, P.O. Box 20280 850, chemin Lincoln, CP. 20280 Fredericton, New Brunswick Fredericton (Nouveau-Brunswick) E3B 4Z7 E3B 4Z7 Tel. (506) 452-3260 Tel. Fax (506) 452-3316 Telecopie EM OTTB::EM309MAIL CE. RfeSSional Staff Rsonnel professionnel Director D.K. McBeath, Ph.D. Directeur Assistant Director P.L. Burgess, Ph.D. Directeur adjoint Administrative Officer S.C Cassidy Agent d'administration Head, Benton Ridge T.R Tarn, Ph.D. Chef, Benton Ridge Scientific Support Soutien scientifique Librarian (seconded in) R.M. Anderson, M.L.S. Bibliothecaire (detach6) Potato Breeding Amelioration de la pomme de terre Section Head; Breeding and T.R Tarn, Ph.D. Chef de section; amelioration f:t cytogenetics cytogenetique Breeding and evaluation S.T.Ali-Khan, Ph.D. Amelioration genetique et evaluation Diploid breeding and genetics H. De Jong, Ph.D. Selection de diploi'des et genetique Disease screening AM. Murphy, M.Sc. Evaluation sanitaire Propagation methods J.E.A Seabrook, Ph.D. Methodes de multiplication Quantitative genetics G.CC Tai, Ph.D. Genetique quantitative Potato Pest Management Lutte contre les ennemis de la pomme de terre Section Head; Analytical organic RR King, Ph.D. Chef de section; chimie organique et chemistry . analytique Virus epidemiology and RH. Bagnall, Ph.D. Epidemiologie des viroses et r<:sistance resistance aux virus Insect ecology G. Boiteau, Ph.D. Ecologie des insectes Physiology WK. Coleman, Ph.D. Physiologie Insect-plant relationships Y. Pelletier, Ph.D. Relations insectes-plantes Virus diseases, viroids R.P. Singh, Ph.D. Viroses, viroi'des Animals and Crops Productions animales et vegetales Section Head; Calf nutrition RS. Bush, Ph.D. Chef de section; alimentation des veaux Forage crops G. Belanger, Ph.D. Cultures fourrageres Rumen microbiology RE. McQueen, Ph.D. Microbiologie du rumen Dairy cattle nutrition P.H. Robinson, Ph.D. Alimentation des bovins laitiers Engineering, Horticulture, Soils Genie, horticulture, sols Section Head; Soil fertility J.E. Richards, Ph.D. Chef de section; fertilite des sols Soil hydrology T.L. Chow, Ph.D. Hydrologie du sol Tree fruits and berry crops E.N. Estabrooks, M.Sc. Fruits de verger et petits fruits. Agricultural mechanization engineering CD. McLeod, M.ASc. Mecanisation agricole et ingellierie Soils engineering P.H. Milburn, M.Eng. Pedotechnique Harvesting and storage engineering G.C Misener, Ph.D. Techniques de recolte et de conservation 44 Fredericton 1992 Michaud Michaud Experimental Farm Ferme experimentale Research Branch Direction generale de la recherche Agriculture Canada Agriculture Canada Ryan Road, P.O. Box 667 Chemin Ryan, c.P. 667 Bouctouche, New Brunswick Bouctouche (Nouveau-Brunswick) EOA 1GO EOA 1GO Tel. (506) 743-2464 Tel. Fax (506) 743-8316 Telecopie EM OTIB::EM31OMAIL c.E. Superintendent M. Proulx, M.Sc. Regisseur Vegetable Specialist P.Y.LeBlanc, M.Sc.(Agr.) Specialiste des cultures legumieres Fruit Biologist J.-P. Prive, Ph.D. Biologiste, cultures fruitieres Mndate The Fredericton Research Station develops 1991. Spread of this virus was fortuitously the fiber and decreasing pH by 0.1-1.3 units. new cultivars and technologies for the quite low in 1990, the year that pvyn was The remaining fiber was less digestible to production, handling, and management of first encountered in New Brunswick. sheep. Voluntary intake was not affected. potatoes. It also conducts research on Coincident with recent climatic warming, the Computer software allowing dairy • soil management and conservation incidence of the potato leaf roll virus has producers to evaluate the protein status of • silage utilization for dairy cattle. increased. rations for dairy cows (The New Brunswick The Senator Herve J. Michaud The effects of wind speed and light Protein Program) was developed and Experimental Farm conducts research on intensity on the body temperature of released to producers. Calves given a choice adaptation and management of horticultural Colorado potato beetle have been modeled. of starter rations containing 13-22% crude crops. Although wind speed was difficult to protein preferred the ration containing 19% measure under natural conditions, the model protein. Therefore, the animals were Achievements predicted accurately the body temperature consuming rations only slightly above the Potatoes AC Novachip was registered as a of adult Colorado potato beetles in both level recommended in the National maincrop potato cultivar that sunny and shaded locations. Physiological Research Council nutrient requirement • produces excellent chips up to 9 months saline solutions were formulated to tables. from harvest reproduce the ionic content observed in the Soil and water Measured 12 months after • produces moderate yields of attractive haemolymph plasma of adults and larvae of application, average concentrations of oval-oblong tubers the Colorado potato beetle. In perfusion dinoseb in drainage waters from five experiments, the saline solutions maintained • has moderate resistance to common scab, systematically tile-drained fields ranged potato virus Y, and fusarium dry rots. the tissues alive for more than 6 h. from less than the detection limit to Animals and crops Dairy cows fed diets 0.21 !!gIL.Persistence of dinoseb in the tile Shepody, a 1980 release from the increasing levels of fermentable neutral outflow was not affected by the history of program, received the Outstanding Cultivar detergent fiber (NDF), but equal levels of dinoseb use other than applications Award from the Canadian Society for total NDF, responded with a shift in energy occurring in the past 12 months. Horticultural Science. output from body weight gain to milk. Total In the 1st year after establishing plots Heritability studies of tuber shape energy output was not changed. Increasing on soils that had been in passive agricultural showed control by one major gene with levels of fermentable NDF in the diet failed production, drainage of water from the root round shape dominant over long. The tuber to elicit increased dry matter or NDF intake. zone was between 400 and 1000 mm; N0 -N shape gene was linked with a gene 3 This study does not support the concept that leached annually from corn and fallowed soil controlling skin anthocyanin pigmentation. NDF fermentability can be used to predict contained N at 30 and 80 kg/ha, respectively. maximum voluntary feed intake. Potato plantlets cultured in vitro Mineralization of soil organic matter showed significant differences in Taking a third harvest from alfalfa contributes to N03 leached from soil. tuberization between cultivars following during the so-called "critical fall rest period" Strawberries When used as an exposure to 16- or 8-h daylengths. Late and reduced neither yield nor persistence during overwintering mulch for June-bearing early maturing cultivars required different a 4-year study. A total of 500 growing strawberries, the row-covers Agronet and daylength treatments to optimize the degree-days (about 50 days) between second Reemay, white polyethylene, and white number and weight of microtubers and third cuts was needed to maximize polyethylene plus grain straw all increased produced. forage yield and maintain persistence. early and total yields compared with Monitoring showed that the biennial Adding fungal, fiber-digesting cellulase treatments using grain straw alone and no rhythm in epidemiology of potato virus Y to barley and triticale whole-crop silages mulch. (PVY) has continued, with highs in 1989 and improved preservation by digesting 3-7% of Fredericton 1992 45 Broccoli In a study to better control donne d'excellentes croustilles jusqu'a toutefois pas fait augmenter la leaf-feeding larvae that attack broccoli, we 9 mois d'entreposage apres la recolte; les consommation de matiere seche ou de NDF. found the intervention threshold to be tubercules sont beaux, de forme allongee et L'etude ne confirme pas la ten dance a croire 0.5 CLE (cabbage looper equivalent). This presentent une resistance moyenne a la gale, que la fermentabilite du NDF puisse servir a knowledge allowed us to minimize the au virus Y et a la fusariose. predire I'ingestion maximale a volonte de number of applications of insecticide Le Shepody, qui a ete lance en 1980, a nourriture. without decreasing the percentage of regu Ie prix du cultivar exceptionnel de la Durant une etude de 4 am" Ie marketable heads. Societe canadienne des sciences horticoles. rendement et la longevite de la luzerne n'ont Lupine Best yields were obtained from Selon des etudes sur I'heritabilite de la pas ete diminues par une troisieme recolte seedings between 5 and 10 May. Both yield forme du tubercule, un gene principal effectuee pendant la periode de repos and maturity decreased with seedings commande ce caractere, et la forme ronde automnale dite critique. II faut une periode established after that time. est dominante par rapport a la forme de 500 degres-jours (environ 50 jours) entre la deuxieme et la troisieme fauche pour Resources allongee. Le gene est lie a un autre gene qui commande I'anthocyane de la peau. maximiser Ie rendement en fourrage et pour The station shares its office-laboratory assurer la longevite. On a constate, d'un cultivar a I'autre, building with the Food Production and L'addition de cellulase d'origine Inspection Branch of Agriculture Canada des differences importantes dans la tuberisation lorsque des plantules cultivees fongique pour la digestion de la cellulose des and with head offices of the New Brunswick ensilages entiers d'orge et de triticale a Department of Agriculture. This in vitro ont ete exposees a des photoperiodes de 8 et de 16 h. Les cultivars a maturation ameliore la conservation, grace a la digestion arrangement allows staff to collaborate de 3 a 7 % de la cellulose et a la diminution closely and to communicate effectively. precoce et tardive ont exige des photoperiodes differentes pour du pH de 0,1 a 1,3 unite. La cellulose The station operates a potato-breeding I'optimisation du nombre et de la masse des residuelle etait moins digestible pour les substation at Benton Ridge, N.B., about microtubercules. ovins, et I'ingestion a volonte n:'a pas change. 100 km west of Fredericton. This isolated On a continue d'observer un rythme On a mis au point et offert aux location minimizes the possibility of producteurs laitiers un logiciel permettant transmitting disease between the breeding bisannuel dans les caracteristiques epidemiologiques du virus Y, avec des d'evaluer la composition proteique des program and commercially grown potatoes rations aux besoins des vaches laitieres in the province. maximums d'incidence en 1989 et 1991. Par hasard, la propagation de ce virus a ete tres (Programme d'evaluation des proteines pour The station also oversees the operation faible en 1990, annee ou Ie virus pyyn de Ie Nouveau-Brunswick). Des veaux places of the Senator Herve J. Michaud la pomme de terre a ete decele pour la devant un choix de rations de demarrage Experimental Farm at Bouctouche, N.B. premiere fois au Nouveau-Brunswick. contenant entre 13 et 22 % de proteines The land base at the three locations covers Parallelement au recent rechauffement du brutes ont prefere les rations ~l 19 % de 673 ha; the total staff of 117.7 person-years c1imat, I'incidence du virus de I'enroulement proteines. Ainsi, leur consommation includes 25 professionals. de la pomme de terre a augmente. depassait a peine les chiffres des tables de recommandations du Conseil national de la On a construit un modele des effets de recherche. • la vitesse du vent et de I'intensite lumineuse sur la temperature du doryphore de la Pedologie et hydrologie Douze mois apres Mndat pomme de terre. Bien que la vitesse du vent I'application de dinosebe dans cinq champs La Station de recherches de Fredericton soit difficile a evaluer dans la nature, ce draines de fagon systematique par un reseau cree de nouveaux cultivars et elabore de modele a permis de predire avec precision la de drains, la concentration moyenne de nouvelles techniques de production et de temperature des insectes au soleil comme a I'herbicide dans les eaux d'ecoulement a manutention des pommes de terre ainsi que I'ombre. On a mis au point des solutes varie entre la limite de detection et de gestion de ces cultures. On y realise physiologiques pour reproduire Ie contenu 0,21 Ilg/L. La persistance du dinosebe dans egalement des recherches dans les domaines ionique du plasma hemolymphatique des les eaux recueillies par Ie reseau de drains suivants: larves et des adultes du doryphore de la n'etait Iiee qu'aux applications effectuees • gestion et conservation des sols pomme de terre. Dans des experiences de dans les 12 mois precedents. • utilisation de I'ensilage pour I'elevage des perfusion, ces solutions ont pu maintenir Dans la premiere annee suivant bovins laitiers. vivants les tissus durant plus de 6 h. I'exploitation de parcelles en jachere, Ie drainage de I'eau de la rhizosphere a varie L'equipe de la Ferme experimentale Productions animales et vegetales Des entre 400 et 1 000 mm; les concentrations senateur Herve J. Michaud realise des vaches laitieres nourries avec des quantites d'azote dans Ie N03-N lessive annuellement recherches sur I'adaptation et la gestion des croissantes de fibre au detergent neutre ont ete de 30 et 80 kglha, respectivement, cultures horticoles. (NDF) fermentable, la masse de NDF total pour Ie mai"s et pour la jachere. C'est la restant constante, ont reagi en affect ant Realisations leurs depenses energetiques a la fabrication mineralisation de la matiere organique du du lait plut6t qu'a I'augmentation de poids. sol qui contribue aux pertes dl~N03 par Pommes de terre On a homologue I'AC lessivage. Novachip comme cultivar de pomme de La depense energetique totale est restee la terre de culture principale. Ce cultivar meme. Les quantites croissantes de NDF Fraises Les tunnels Agronet et Reemay, Ie fermentable dans leur alimentation n'ont polyethylene blanc et Ie polyethylene blanc 46 Fredericton 1992 additionne de paille de cereales, utilises Bush, RS. 1991. The effects of hay and McQueen, RE.; Fillmore, AE. 1991. comme paillis d'hiver pour les fraises de juin, silage on growth and rumen function in Effects of triticale cv. Beaguelita and barley ont entraine un accroissement du rendement young holstein calves. Can. J. Anim. Sci. based concentrates on feed intake and milk total et une recolte hiitive comparativement 71:145-153. yield by dairy cows. Can. J. Anim. Sci. a la paille de cereales seule, ou a I'absence Bush, R.S.; Toullec, R; Caugant, I.; 71:845-853. de paillis. Guilloteau, P. 1991. Intolerance to pea Milburn, P.; MacLeod, J. 1991. Brocoli Pour controler les larves protein in the preruminant calf. Pages Considerations for tile drainage-water phyllophages s'attaquant au brocoli, Ie seuil 253-256 in Metz, J.H.M.; Groenestein, quality studies in temperate regions. Appl. d'intervention de 0,5 CLE (cabbage looper e.M., eds. New trends in veal calf Eng. Agric. 7(2):209-215. equivalent) s'est revele Ie plus approprie. II production. Pudoc, Wageningen. Milburn, P.; O'Neill, H.J.; Gartley, e.; et al. permet de reduire au minimum Ie nombre de Boer, G.; Robinson, P.H.; Kennelly, J.J. 1991. Leaching of dinoseb and metribuzin de pulverisations insecticides sans pour 1991. Hormonal responses to bovine from potato fields in New Brunswick. Can. autant diminuer Ie pourcentage de tetes somatotropin and dietary protein in early Agric. Eng. 33:197-204. vendables. lactation dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. Misener, G.C.; McLeod, e.D.; Barclay, J.A; Lupin Les rendements les plus eleves ont 74:2623-2632. Esau, CA. 1990. A stationary large round ete obtenus avec les semis faits du 5 au 10 De Jong, H. 1991. Inheritance of bale shredder. Can. Agric. Eng. maL Les rendements et la maturation du anthocyanin pigmentation in the cultivated 33(1):127-129 .. lupin diminuent graduellement pour les potato: a critical review. Am. Potato J. semis faits apres cette date. Nicholson, J.WG.; Johnson, D.A 1991. 68:585-593. Herring silage as a protein supplement for Ressources De Jong, H.; Tai, G.e.e. 1991. Evaluation of young cattle. Can. J. Anim. Sci. La Station de recherches partage son potato hybrids obtained from' 71:1187-1196. immeuble de laboratoires et de bureaux avec tetraploid-diploid crosses. I. Nicholson, J.WG.; St. Laurent, A-M. 1991. la Direction generale de la production et de Parent-offspring relationships. Plant Effect of forage type and supplemental I'inspection des aliments d'Agriculture Breeding 107:177-182. dietary vitamin E on milk oxidative stability. Canada ainsi qu'avec I'administration Embree, e.G.; McRae, K.B.; Estabrooks, Can. J. Anim. Sci. 71:1181-1186. centrale du ministere de I'Agriculture du E.N.; Pratt, e. 1991. Variations in growth, Nicholson, J.WG.; Allen, J.G.; Bush, RS. Nouveau-Brunswick. Cela favorise une spur density and yield of ,Macspur' 1991. Comparisons of responses in whole collaboration etroite et une communication McIntosh. HortScience. 26:188-190. blood and plasma selenium levels during efficace entre ces groupes qui, tous, sont au Estabrooks, E.N.; Ghanem, A 1990. Using selenium depletion and repletion of growing service de I'industrie agricole. leaf analysis results to manage mature cattle. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 71:925-929. La station possede une sous-station McIntosh apple trees. Acta Hortic. Nicholson, J.WG.; McQueen, RE.; Bush, d'amelioration genetique de la pomme de (Wageningen) 274:123-127. RS. 1991. Responses of growing cattle terre a Benton Ridge (N.-B.), a une centaine Fredeen, AH.; McQueen, R.E.; Browning, supplementation with organically or de kilometres I'ouest de Fredericton. Cet a D.A 1991. Effects of enzymes and nutrients inorganic sources of selenium or yeast endroit isole permet de reduire au minimum in a bacterial inoculant on quality of timothy cultures. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 71:803-811. Ie risque de transmission de maladies entre or alfalfa silage and dairy cow performance. Nicholson, J.WG.; McQueen, RE.; les champs d'amelioration et ceux de Can. J. Anim. Sci. 71:781-791. production industrielle de la pomme de terre Charmley, E.; Bush, RS. 1991. Forage dans la province. Khorasani, G.R; Robinson, P.H.; de Boer, cOliservation in round bales or silage bags: G.; Kennelly, J.J. 1991. Influence of canola effect on ensiling characteristics and animal La station supervise egalement Ie fat on yield, fat percent, fatty acid profile performance. Can. J. Anim. Sci. fonctionnement de la Ferme experimentale and nitrogen fractions in Holstein milk. J. 71:1167-1180. senateur Herve J. Michaud, a Bouctouche Dairy Sci. 74:1904-1911. (N.-B.). Les trois sites couvrent 673 ha, Nicholson, J.WG.; St. Laurent, A-M.; tandis qu'ils disposent de 117,7 King, RR; Lawrence, e.H.; Clark, M.e. McQueen, RE.; Charmley, E. 1991. The annees-personnes. On compte 25 employes 1991. Correlation of phytotoxin production effect of feeding organically bound selenium de la categorie professionnelle. with pathogenicity of Streptomyces scabies and a-tocopherol to dairy cows on isolates from scab infected potato tubers. susceptibility of milk to oxidation. Can. J. • Am. Potato J. 68:675-680. Anim. Sci. 71:135-143 . Loiselle, E; Tai, G.c.e.; Christie, B.R 1991. Owen, G.T.; Richards, J.E.; Main, D.e. ResearCh Publications Pedigree, agronomic and molecular 1991. A laboratory study of the residual Publications de recherche divergence of parents in relation to progeny nature of some amendments on the Boiteau, G.; Singh, RP. 1991. Difference in performance in potato. Potato Res. reconsolidation of disturbed Salisbury silt the transmission of PVYo to potato and 34:305-316. loam. Soil & Tillage Res. 21:197-208. tobacco by the potato aphid, Macrosiphum McLeod, e.D.; Misener, G.e. 1991. Small Pelletier, Y.; Smilowitz, Z. 1991. Feeding euphorbiae (Thomas): effects of probing scale production of crude starch from behavior of the adult Colorado potato duration and frequency. Can. Entomol. potatoes. Trans. ASAE (Am. Soc. Agric. beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) on 123:869-874. Eng.) 34(4):1592-1596. Solanum berthaultii. Can. Entomol. 123:219-230. Fredericton 1992 47 Pelletier, Y.; Smilowitz, Z. 1991. Biological Yada, RY.; Coffin, RH.; ...; Tai, G.c.c.; et and genetic study on the utilization of al. 1991. The effect of maleic hydrazide Solanum berthaultii Hawkes by the Colorado (possium salt) on potato yield, sugar content potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata and chip color of Kennebec and Norchip (Say). Can. J. Zool. 69(5):1280-1288. cultivars. Am. Potato J. 68:705-709. Prive, J.-P.; Sullivan, J.A 1991. Performance of tissue-cultured primocane-fruiting red raspberries following chilling. HortScience 26(5):590-592. Robinson, P.H.; Kennelly, J.J. 1991. Influence of degradability of supplemental protein and time post-partum in early lactation dairy cows. 1. Rumen fermentation and milk production. Livest. Prod. Sci. 28:121-138. Robinson, P.H.; Kennelly, J.J. 1991. Influence of degradability of supplemental protein and time post-partum in early lactation dairy cows. 2. Kinetics of rumen ingesta turnover and whole tract digestibility. Livest. Prod. Sci. 29:167-180. Robinson, P.H.; de Boer, G.; Kennelly, J.J. 1991. Effect of bovine somatotropin and protein on rumen fermentation and forestomach and whole tract digestion in dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 74:3505-3517. Robinson, P.H.; de Boer, G.; Kennelly, J.J. 1991. Influence of source of rumen- degraded nitrogen on ruminal and whole tract digestion, plasma hormone and metabolite concentrations as well as milk yield and composition in dairy cows. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 71:417-428. Robinson, P.H.; McQueen, RE.; Burgess, P.L. 1991. Influence of rumen undegradable protein levels on feed intake and milk production of dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 74:1623-1631. Singh, RP. 1991. Return-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis for the detection of viroids. Pages 89-107 in Viroids and satellites: molecular parasites at the frontier of life. Maramorosch, K., ed. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Fla. Singh, R.P.; Boucher, A; Singh, A 1991. High incidence of transmission and occurrence of a viroid in commercial seeds of Coleus in Canada. Plant Dis. 75:184-187. Singh, R.P.; Boucher, A; Wang, RG. 1991. Detection, distribution and long-term persistence of potato spindle tuber viroid in true potato seed from Heilongjiang, China. Am. Potato J. 68:65-74. Tai, G.c.c.; De Jong, H.1991. Evaluation of potato hybrids obtained from tetraploid-diploid crosses. II. Progeny analysis. Plant Breeding 107:183-189. 48 Fredericton 1992 LENNOXVILLE Station de recherches Research Station Direction generale de la recherche Research Branch Agriculture Canada Agriculture Canada c.P. 90, 2000, route 108 Est P.O. Box 90, 2000 Route 108 East Lennoxville (Quebec) Lennoxville, Quebec 11M 1Z3 11M 1Z3 Tel. (819) 565-9171 Tel. Telecopie (819) 564-5507 Fax c.E. OTTB::EM326MAIL EM Rsonnel professionnel Rfessional Staff Directeur J.-M. Deschenes, Ph.D. Director Adjoint au directeur J.-P. Charuest, M.Sc. Assistant Director Agent d'administration J. de Useleuc Administrative services Soutien a la recherche Scientific Support Analyste-programmeur A Belleau Analyst-Programmer Statisticien J.-P. Charuest, M.Sc. Statistician Evaluation des cultivars C. Fernet, RSc. Cultivar verification Bibliothecaire (detachee) S. Gagne-Giguere, M.Bibl. Librarian (seconded in) Gerant de ferme D. Savage, RSc.(Agr.) Farm Manager Pores Pigs Chef de projet; physiologie, nutrition G. Pelletier, Ph.D. Project Leader; Physiology, nutrition Regie, environnement G.M. Barnett, M.Sc. Management, environment Conduite, genetique des moutons M.H. Fahmy, Ph.D. Management, genetics-sheep Endocrinologie, regie C. Farmer, Ph.D. Endocrinology, management Nutrition J.J. Matte, Ph.D. Nutrition Physique des sols AR. Pesant, M.Sc. Soil physics Analyse de systemes C. Pomar, Ph.D. Systems analysis Qualite des viandes S.A Pommier, Ph.D. Meat quality Ethologie, physiologie S. Robert, Ph.D. Ethology, physiology Bovins laWers Dairy Cattle Chef de projet; nutrition c.L. Girard, Ph.D. Project Leader; Nutrition Microbiologie du rumen J. Chiquette, Ph.D. Rumen microbiology Ethologie, physiologie AM. R de Passille, Ph.D. Ethology, physiology Physiologie de la reproduction L.A Guilbault, Ph.D. Reproductive physiology (prete par la Direction) (seconded out) Physiologie, nutrition H. Lapierre, Ph.D. Physiology, nutrition Physiologie de la lactation D. Petitclerc, Ph.D. Physiology of lactation Nutrition C.M. Vinet, Ph.D. Nutrition La Pocatiere La Pocatiere Ferme experimentale Experimental Farm Direction generale de la recherche Research Branch Agriculture Canada Agriculture Canada 1642, rue de la Ferme 1642 rue de la Ferme La Pocatihe (Quebec) La Pocatiere, Quebec GOR 1Z0 GOR 1ZO Tel. (418) 856-3141 Tel. Telecopie (418) 856-5374 Fax c.E. OTTB::EM331MAIL EM Lennoxville 1992 49 Regisseur J.G. Proulx, D.M.V. Superintendent Regie, plantes fourrageres L. Belzile, M.Sc. Forage crop management Conduite, reproduction des moutons F. Castonguay, Ph.D. Sheep management, reproduction Amelioration des pommes de terre A. Freve, M.Sc. Potato improvement Physiologie de la digestion H.V. Petit, Ph.D. Physiology of digestion Physiologie vegetale R. Rioux, M.Sc. Plant physiology Mndat La Station de recherches de Lennoxville Bovins laitiers L'ajout de 8 ou 32 mg brebis recevant un ensilage de moins bonne ameliore la productivite et la rentabilite des d'acide folique par jour, incorpore au qualite (34 % ADF et 15 % de proteines elevages de bovins laitiers et de porcs pour lactoremplaceur reconstitue, a ameliore la brutes). l'est du Canada. croissance des veaux de lait, mais n'a pas Pommes de terre La techniqm: de influence leur consommation alimentaire. La Ferme experimentale de La multiplication rap ide de la pomme de terre Par ailleurs, I'addition d'acide folique Pocatiere ameliore la production ovine pour de semence par bouturage de tiges et de (2 mglkg de poids vif) aux rations de l'est du Canada. germes a reduit de 14 a 8 ans la periode bouvillons n'a pas ameliore la digestibilite de requise pour developper et homologuer un la matiere seche, de la lignocellulose, des Realisations nouveau cultivar de pomme de terre. En parois cellulaires et de la proteine brute de Pores Une methode de formulation de production commerciale, un sac de 34 kg est la diete. regimes alimentaires, developpee a I'aide du produit a partir de'75 boutures" logiciel de simulation PorcExpert, a permis Le traitement a I'ammoniaque du foin Autres Le retournement des andains % de fleole, mature et de moindre qualite, a de reduire de plus de 50 les pertes azotees diminue Ie temps moyen de sechage des ameliore la disponibilite du calcium, du dans Ie lisier de porco fourrages d'un demi jour par rapport a des L'addition d'acide folique a la diete des phosphore, du magnesium et du potassium andains non manipules. Cependant, il est cochettes a partir de l'age de 8 semaines chez des bouvillons en croissance. Le foin et plus rentable de deposer des andains elargis Ie fourrage vert contiennent plus de jusqu'a la premiere moitie de la gestation a derriere la faucheuse et de riitder peu avant eu ten dance a accelerer leur croissance, mais proteines non degradables que l'ensilage, et Ie ramassage, sans autre manipulation. n'a pas eu d'effet sur I'apparition de la la proteolyse se produit lors de la fermentation dans Ie silo et non durant Ie Une methode de semis direct pour la puberte ni sur la capacite de reproduction production de l'orge produit apres 3 ans un des cochettes. prefanage au champ. De plus, les bouvillons utilisent moins bien l'azote de I'ensilage que sollourd d'une stabilite plus elevee de 40 % L'apport de somatocrinine (GRF) chez I'azote du foin. que sous labour au chisel. II est preferable des truies en lactation a diminue leur de produire la semence de treHe rouge sur consommation alimentaire au cours de la 4e Un photoperiode de 8 h de lumiere par des sols legers au lieu de sols lourds tels que semaine de lactation et leurs reserves jour versus 16 h pendant les deux derniers I'argile. graisseuses au moment du sevrage. La moisde la gestation a permis aux genisses production laitiere des truies traitees au d'augmenter de 9,4 % la production de lait Ressources durant toute la periode de lactation. Le veau GRF a ete maintenue, ce qui indique une La Station de recherches de Lennoxville preruminant qui consomme du lait en petite utilisation plus efficace des matieres azotees comprend 19 professionnels et dispose de ou en grande quantite est plus porte a teter. de la diete. 90 annees-personnes. Elle gere une ferme de Lorsque Ieveau peut teter apres un repas les 400 ha et un troupeau laitier dl'environ Un test a ete mis au point pour detecter concentrations seriques d'insuline 300 tetes. Les porcs sont achetes selon les la mutation genetique responsable de augmentent, ce qui permettrait une besoms experimentaux. La station supervise l'hyperthermie maligne associee a la viande meilleure assimilation des elements nutritifs egalement les travaux de la Ferme PSE (pale, molle et exsudative). Le test a de la diete. permis de confirmer une plus grande experimentale de La Pocatier(~dont la frequence de la mutation dans des longes Une partie de la variation de la reponse superficie est de 350 ha. Cette ferme PSE que dans des longes normales. superovulative chez Ie bovin est causee par emploie 5 professionnels et dispose de Ie statut ovarien observe avant de 31 annees-personnes. La resistance corporelle des porcs commencer un traitement de d'abattage au courant electrique a diminue superovulation. La presence d'un follicule en fonction du poids de l'animal et de dominant sur les ovaires au moment de • I'humidite du sol.L'effet des tensions parasites commencer un traitement de superovulation Mndate peut donc varier en fonction de plusieurs limite la croissance folliculaire et reduit la facteurs de regie et d'environnement. production d'embryons. The Lennoxville Research Station improves the productivity and profitability of dairy L'utilisation du lisier de porc a Moutons Les brebis qui re~oivent un cattle and swine production for eastern occasionne des pertes d'azote dans les eaux ensilage de bonne qualite (29 % de Canada. de ruissellement et de drainage de 10 % s'il lignocellulose (ADF) et 19 % de proteines etait epandu sur la culture du mats et de brutes) ont eu une production laitiere plus The La Pocatiere Experimental Farm 30 %, sur les prairies. De ces pertes, 75 % elevee et une perte de poids plus faible develops methods to improve sheep etaient sous forme de nitrates. durant la lactation en comparaison des production for eastern Canada. 50 Lenlnoxvi//e1992 Achievements suckle following a meal increases serum heifer calves and milk production of their Swine A method of formulating feed concentrations of insulin, which makes for dams. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 71:621-627. regimes, developed using PorcExpert better assimilation of nutrients in the diet. Belzile, L. 1991. Effet des types de sol sur la simulation software, has reduced nitrogen In part the variation in the production de semence du trefle rouge. Can. losses in liquid pig manure by more than superovulation response in cattle is caused J. Plant Sci. 71:1039-1046. 50%. Adding folic acid to the diet of gilts by the state of the ovaries prior to Dubreuil, P.; Petitclerc, D.; Gaudreau, P.; from the age of 8 weeks until the first half of superovulation treatment. The presence of a Brazeau, P.; Pelletier, G. 1991. Effect of gestation tended to accelerate growth but dominant follicle on the ovaries when growth hormone-releasing factor infusion on had no effect on the age at puberty or superovulation treatment is started limits somatotropin, prolactin, thyroxine, insulin, reproductive ability of the gilts. follicular growth and reduces embryo insulin-like growth factor I and blood Somatocrinin (GRF) given to lactating production. metabolites in control and somatostatin- sows lowered their feed consumption in the Sheep Ewes fed good-quality silage (29% immunized growing pigs. Domest. Anim. 4th week of lactation and their fat reserves ADF and 19% crude protein) produced Endocrinol. 8:307-321. at weaning. Milk production of sows treated more milk and lost less weight during Dumoulin, P.G.; Girard, c.L.; Matte, J.J.; with GRF was maintained, indicating more lactation compared to ewes given St-Laurent, G.J. 1991. Effects of a effective use of crude protein in the diet. lower-quality silage (34% ADF and 15% parenteral supplement of folic acid and its A test was developed to detect the crude protein). interaction with level of feed intake on genetic mutation that causes malignant Potatoes The technique for rapid hepatic tissues and growth performance of hyperthermia associated with PSE (pale, multiplication of seed potatoes by young dairy heifers. J. Anim. Sci. soft, and exudative) meat. The test propagating from stems and sprouts has 69:1657-1666. confirmed that the mutation appeared more reduced the time needed to develop and Deslauriers, N.; Gaudreau, P.; ...; Petitclerc, often in PSE loins than in normal loins. license a new potato cultivar from 14 to 8 D.; et al. 1991. Dynamics of growth Body resistance of slaughter hogs to years. In commercial production, a 34-kg hormone responsiveness to growth electrical current diminished in relation to bag is produced from 75 cuttings. hormone-releasing factor in aging rats: the animal's weight and the amount of Other Turning windrows lessens the peripheral and central influences. moisture in the soil. The effect of stray average drying time for forages by half a day Neuroendocrinology 53:439-446. voltage may thus vary depending on several compared with windrows left undisturbed. Farmer, C.; Martineau, G.-P. 1991. Les cages management and environmental factors. However, it is more profitable to leave the de mise bas en production porcine: entre Ie Use of liquid pig manure caused windrows spread out behind the mower and mythe et la science. MM. Vet. Que. nitrogen losses in runoff and drainage water to rake them shortly before they are picked 21:113-117. of 10% in corn and 30% on grassland. Of up, with no other handling. Farmer, c.; Dubreuil, P.; Couture, Y; these losses, 75% were in the form of A method of direct seeding barley Brazeau, P.; Petitclerc, D. 1991. Hormonal nitrates. .produced a heavy soil with 40% more changes following an acute stress in control Dairy cattle Adding 8 or 32 mg of folic acid stability after 3 years than land tilled with a and somatostatin-immunized pigs. Domest. daily to reconstituted milk replacer chisel plow. We have found it preferable to Anim. Endocrinol. 8:527-538. improved growth of veal calves but had no produce red clover seed on light soils rather Farmer, c.; ...; Pelletier, G.; Petitclerc, D.; et effect on their feed consumption. Adding than on heavy soils such as clay. al. 1991. Effects of active immunization folic acid (2 mglkg liveweight) to steers' Resources against somatostatin (SRIF) and/or rations did not improve digestibility of dry injections of growth hormone-releasing • matter, acid detergent fiber (ADF), cell The station staffs 90 person-years, including factor (GRF) during gestation on hormonal walls, and crude protein in the diet. 19 professionals. It manages a 400-ha farm and a dairy herd of about 300 head. Swine and metabolic profiles in sows. Domest. Treatment of mature and poor-quality are purchased as needed for experimental Anim. Endocrinol. 8:415-422. timothy forage with ammonia increased work. The station also supervises the Guilbault, L.A; Grasso, F.; Lussier, J.G.; supplies of calcium, phosphorus, operations of the 350-ha La Pocatiere Rouillier, P.; Matton, P. 1991. Decreased magnesium, and potassium for growing Experimental Farm, which operates with superovulatory responses in heifers steers. Both hay and green forage contain 31 person-years including five professionals. superovulated in the presence of a dominant more crude protein than silage. Proteolysis follicle. J. Reprod. Fertil. 91:81-89. occurs during fermentation in the silo rather than during wilting in the field. However, • Guilbault, L.A; Lussier, J.G.; Grasso, F.; steers make less use of nitrogen from silage Matton, P.; Rouillier, P. 1991. Follicular Rblications de recherche than nitrogen from hay. dynamics and superovulation in cattle. Can. Research Publications Vet. J. 32:91-93. During the last 2 months of pregnancy, Algers, B.; de Passille, AM. 1991. En ny syn Ivan, M.; Hidiroglou, M.; Petit, H.Y. 1991. a daily photoperiod of 8 h versus 16 h pa smagrisdodligheten. Svensk Duodenal flow of nitrogen following allowed heifers to increase their milk Veteriniirtidning 43:659-663. (En suedois) production by 9.4% during lactation. protozoal inoculation of fauna-free sheep Consumption of a small or large quantity of Bailey, D.R.C.; Gilbert, R.P.; Beauchemin, fed a diet supplemented with casein or milk stimulates the desire to suckle in K.A; Petitclerc, D. 1991. Effects of creep soybean meal. Can. J. Anim. Sci. preruminant calves. Satisfying the urge to feeding and breed composition on growth of 71:793-801. Lennoxvifle 1992 51 Lacasse, P.;Petitclerc, D.; Pelletier, G.; et al. Pomar, c.; Harris, D.L.; Minvielle, F. 1991. drying. Trans. ASAE (Am. Soc. Agric. Eng.) 1991. Effect of long-term administration of Computer simulation model of swine 34:631-634. human growth hormone-releasing factor production systems: II. Modeling body Tremblay, D.; Savoie, P.;Le Phat, Q. 1991. and(or) thyrotropin-releasing factor on composition and weight of female pigs, fetal Reducing forage harvester peak power with hormone concentrations in lactating dairy development, milk production, and growth a flywheel. Appl. Eng. Agric. 7:41-45. cows. Domest. Anim. Endocrinol. 8:99-108. of suckling pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 69:1489-1502. Tremblay, D.; Savoie, P.;Theriault, R. 1991. Lacasse, P.;Petitclerc, D.; Pelletier, G.; et al. Self-loading wagon power requirement for 1991. Effect of long-term administration of Pomar, c.; Harris, D.L.; Savoie, P.; coarse chopping of forage. Can. Agric. Eng. human growth hormone-releasing factor Minvielle, F. 1991. Computer simulation 33:31-38. and( or) thyrotropin-releasing factor on milk model of swine production systems: III. A production, insulin-like growth .factor-I and dynamic herd simulation model including Tremblay, G.F.; Girard, c.L.; plasma constituents in dairy cows. Can. J. reproduction. J. Anim. Sci. 69:2822-2836. Bernier-Cardou, M.; Matte, J.J. 1991. Anim. Sci. 71:707-715. Nycterohemeral variations of concentration pommier, SA. 1991. Characterization ofthe of serum folates in dairy cows. Can. J. Anim. Lapierre, H.; Pelletier, G.; Petitclerc, D.; et increase in paleness of milk-fed veal during Sci. 71:919-923. al. 1991. Effect of human growth refrigerated storage. J. Food Sci. hormone-releasing factor and( or) 56:1455-1456. thyrotropin-releasing factor on growth, Rioux, R. 1991. Comparaison de deux carcass composition, diet digestibility, methodes de mesure de I'efficacite et de la nutrient balance, and plasma constituents in vitesse d'action des defanants sur la pomme dairy calves. J. Anim. Sci. 69:587-598. de terre. Phytoprotection 72:53-60. Letendre, M.; Girard, C.L.; Matte, J.J.; Rivard, N.; Guan, D.; ...; Petitclerc, D.; et al. Bernier, J.F. 1991. Effects of intramuscular 1991. Negative control by sandostatin on injections of folic acid on folates status and pancreatic and duodenal growth a possible growth performance of weanling pigs. Can. implication of insulin-like growth factor I. J. Anim. Sci. 71:1223-1231. Regul. Pept. 34:13-24. Martineau, G.-P.; Matte, J.J.; Dumas, G.; Robert, S.; Matte, J.J.; Bertin-Mahieux, J.; Robert, S. 1991. Production lactee et Martineau, G.-P. 1991.Effects of continuous croissance chez Ie porcelet. 1-Les stray voltage on health, growth and welfare methodes d'evaluation. MM. Vet. Quebec of fattening pigs. Can. J. Vet. Res. 21:29-33. 55:371- 376. Martineau, G.P.; Matte, J.J.; Dumas, G.; Robert, S.; Matte, J.J.; Girard, C.L. 1991. Robert, S. 1991. Production lactee et Effect of feeding regimen on behavior of croissance chez Ie porcelet. 2-Quelques growing-finishing pigs supplemented or not criteres de variation. MM. Vet. Quebec supplemented with folic acid. J. Anim. Sci. 21:56--61. 69:4428-4436. Pelletier, G. 1991. Physiological effects of Rotz, C.A; Savoie, P. 1991. Economics of growth hormone-releasing factor and its swath manipulation during field curing of effects on the performance and carcass alfalfa. Appl. Eng. Agric. 7:316-323. quality of finishing pigs. Pig News Inf. 12:381-386. Salehi, F.; Pesant, AR.; Lagace, R. 1991. Validation of the universal soil loss equation Petit, H.Y; Veira, D.M. 1991. Effect of grain for three cropping systems under natural level and protein source on ruminal rainfall in Southeastern Quebec. Can. Agric. fermentation, degradability and digestion in Eng. 33:11-16. milking cows fed silage. J. Dairy Sci. 74:2256-2267. Savoie,P.; Beauregard, S. 1991. Forage mat making: species and compression effects on Petit, H.Y; Veira, D.M. 1991. Effects of drying. Can. Agric. Eng. 33:113-118. grain level and protein source on yield, feed intake, and blood traits of lactating cows fed Savoie, P.; Beauregard, S. 1991. Potential of alfalfa silage. J. Dairy Sci. 74:1923-1932. forage juice extraction from macerated alfalfa mats. Trans. ASAE (Am. Soc. Agric. Petit, H.Y; Lachance, R; Diorio, D. 1991. Eng.) 34:1604-1608. The effect of protein source on the growth and carcass characteristics of veal calves. Schouten, w.; Rushen, J.; de Passille, AM. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 71:409-416. R 1991. Stereotypic behavior and heart rate in pigs. Physiol. Behav. 50:617-624. Pomar, c.; Harris, D.L.; Minvielle, F. 1991. Computer simulation model of swine Thibault, G.; Savoie, P.;Boily, R. 1991. An production systems: I. Modeling the growth automated chamber to simulated field hay of young pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 69:1468-1488. 52 Lennoxville 1992 SAINTE-FOY Station de recherches Research Station Direction generale de la recherche Research Branch Agriculture Canada Agriculture Canada 2560, boulevard Hochelaga 2560 Hochelaga Boulevard Sainte-Foy (Quebec) Sainte-Foy, Quebec GlV 213 GlV2J3 Tel. (418) 657-7980 Tel. Telecopie (418) 648-2402 Fax c.E. OTTB::AG3360000 EM Rsonnel professionnel Rfessional Staff Directrice A. St-Yves, M.Sc. Director Directeur adjoint R. Michaud, Ph.D. Assistant Director Agent des services administratifs T. Nadeau Administrative Services Soutien a la recherche Scientific Support Agent de transfert de technologie M. Germain, M.Sc. Technology Transfer Officer Gestionnaire du systeme informatique D. Guindon, B.Sc.(Info.) Data Information Manager Analyste-programmeur A. Levesque, RSc.(Info.) Programmer-Analyst Amelioration et gestion des sols Soil and Crop Improvement and et des plantes Management Chef de section; genetique des R. Michaud, Ph.D. Head of Section; Forage legume legumineuses fourrageres breeding Physique et conservation des sols D. Angers, Ph.D. Soil physics and conservation Genetique des cere ales J.-P. Dubuc, Ph.D. Cereal breeding Chimie et fertilite des sols D. Isfan, Ph.D. Soil chemistry and fertility Malherbologie A. Legere, Ph.D. Weed science Malherbologie C. Lemieux, Ph.D. Weed science Chimie et fertilite des sols R. Simard, Ph.D. Soil chemistry and fertility Genetique des graminees fourrageres J. Surprenant, Ph.D. Forage grass breeding Fertilite des sols J. Zizka, M.Sc. Soil fertility Phytoprotection, microbiologie et physiologie Plant Protection, Microbiology, and Physiology Chef de section; resistance au froid- P.Nadeau, Ph.D. Head of Section; Cold resistance- biochimie biochemistry Microbiologie N. Bissonnette, M.Sc. Microbiology Microbiologie L. Bordeleau, Ph.D. Microbiology Stress, ecophysiologie Y. Castonguay, Ph.D. Stress-ecophysiology Resistance au froid, physiologie Y. Cloutier, Ph.D. Cold resistance-physiology Entomologie A. Comeau, Ph.D. Entomology Pathologie des cereales L. Couture, Ph.D. Cereal pathology Endomycorhizes V.Furlan, Ph.D. Endomycorrhizae Biologie moleculaire S. Laberge, Ph.D. Molecular biology Microbiologie R. Lalande, Ph.D. Microbiology Microbiologie D. Prevost, Ph.D. Microbiology Pathologie des legumineuses fourrageres C. Richard, Ph.D. Pathology of forage legumes Metabolisme azote, physiologie L.-P. Vezina, Ph.D. Nitrogen metabolism-physiology Normandin Normandin Ferme experimentale Experimental Farm Direction generale de la recherche Research Branch Agriculture Canada Agriculture Canada 1468, rue Saint-Cyrille 1468 St. Cyrille Street Normandin (Quebec) Normandin, Quebec GOW2EO GOW2EO Sainte-Foy 1992 53 Tel. (418) 274-3378 Tel. Telecopie (418) 274-3386 Fax C.E. OTTB::EM328MAlL EM Surintendant; fertilite des sols J.-M. Wauthy, B.Sc. Superintendent; Soil fertility PIantes fourrageres et horticoles R. Drapeau, M.Sc. Forage and horticultural crops Gestion et genetique des cereales D. Pageau, M.Sc. Cereal management and breeding Nutrition et alimentation des bovins G. Tremblay, Ph.D. Bovine nutrition Mndat La Station de recherches de Sainte-Foy ont reussi a produire leur propre inoculum par de basses temperatures vade selon Ie travaille a l'amelioration genetique des endomycorhizien pour utilisation dans Ie niveau de tolerance au gel de la luzerne. plantes fourrageres pour l'est du Canada, domaine agricole. La culture de piantes- Quelques genes induits par Ie froid ont ete surtout la luzerne et la fleole des pres. En hotes endomycorhizees est faite dans des exprimes de fa<;onspecifique chez un plus, elle poursuit des travaux en bassins exterieurs d'environ 3 m2 contenant cultivar de luzerne tolerant au froid. • conservation des ressources sol et eau du sol fumige. L' inoculum endomycorhizien L 'etude des sucres solubles lors de pour Ie Quebec recolte dans deux bassins permet d'inoculer l'endurcissement au froid de la luzerne a • production fourragere et cerealiere des plateaux de semis qui peuvent produire permis d'etablir qu'un tetrasaccharide, Ie • amelioration du ble. 80000 plantules de poireau; c'est la quantite stachyose, non detectable chez les plantes approximative qui peut etre cultivee sur 1 ha. non endurcies, augmente rapidement lors de La Ferme experimentale de Normandin Plantes fourrageres On a mis au point un I'acclimatation au froid. Cecompose developpe des techniques de production et test de detection iinmunologique qui permet s'accumule seulement chez Ie cultivar d'utilisation des fourrages pour Ie d'identifier des genotypes de fleole des pres tolerant Apica et n'augmente pas de fa<;on Moyen-Nord. qui ont une capacite elevee de reduction du significative chez Ie cultivar sensible Realisations nitrate, un caractere genetique pour lequel CUF-I01. cette graminee fourragere a une grande On a decouvert l'existence de la Ressources sol et eau Dans une etude sur la variabilite genotypique. fertilisation potassique de la luzerne, on a nucleation biologique chez deux especes de demontre que les accroissements des On a demontre que les souches Fusarium, important groupe de rendements et de la survie a I'hiver du arctiques de Rhizobium etaient plus champignons pathogenes qui attaquent aussi cultivar de luzerne Apica dependaient de competitives dans les sols frais que les bien les legumineuses que les cereales. Les l'importance des reserves du sol en potassium, souches de climat tempere. Si on inocule des Fusarium acuminatum et Fusarium et non de sa teneur en potassium sous forme legumineuses avec des Rhizobium adaptes avenaceum sont capables de declencher la rapidement assimilable par les plantes. au froid, on pourrait obtenir une nodulation cristallisation de l'eau en surfusion, etat dans precoce et plus efficace qui permettrait ainsi lequel se trouve I'eau dans les plantes sous Ie Une etude portant sur differents modes un meilleur etablissement de la plante. Les point de congelation. Cette di:couverte de travail du sol dans une monoculture souches arctiques forment plus de nodules aidera eventuellement a mieux comprendre d'orge sur argile Kamouraska a permis de par basses temperatures que les souches de la pathogenese associee aces champignons constater un effet benefique du semis direct climat tempere. Les souches arctiques et facilitera I'identification des deux especes sur la stabilite structurale du sol des la peuvent synthetiser plus de proteines de de ce groupe dont la taxonomie est difficile a premiere annee d'utilisation. Apres la choc au froid (CSPS, cold shock proteins) etablir. . troisieme annee d'exploitation, la stabilite par basses temperatures Gusqu'a -10°C) et du sol etait de 40 % plus elevee avec la Une etude portant sur la pourriture de proteines de choc a la chaleur (HSPS, phytophthoreenne dans les luzernieres a pratique du semis direct qu'avec Ie labour heat shock proteins) a des temperatures plus conventionnel. De plus, la biomasse revele que cette maladie causee par Ie elevees Gusqu'a 46°C) que les souches de champignon pathogene Phytophthora microbienne et I'activite biologique du sol climat tempere. etaient plus elevees sous semis direct que megasperma n'est pas aussi repandue qu'on sous labour conventionnel. Toutefois, la On a determine la structure primaire de ne Ie croyait. Les problemes de survie de la stabilite du sol qui resulte de l'elimination l'ADN de l'element d'insertion ISRm3 du luzerne dans les baissieres peuvent Nre du travail du sol a favorise Ie developpement Rhizobium meliloti utilise pour inoculer la causes egalement par l'anoxie et la presence des mauvaises herbes vivaces a feuilles luzerne. Cet element d'insertion s'avere etre du pathogene Aphanomices euteiches. larges dans les parcelles de semis direct. un outil d'identification specifique du R. Une etude immunologique a permis Neanmoins, Ie semis direct combine a une meliloti qui servira a differencier entre elles d'etablir des relations directes entre des lutte moderee contre les mauvaises herbes a plusieurs souches de ce Rhizobium; ainsi la proteines qui se retrouvent dans I'intestin permis d'obtenir un rendement economique selection des souches les plus prometteuses des ruminants et celles qui sont dans les superieur a tous les autres systemes de en sera facilitee. piantes fourrageres. Ce projet vise a production a I'etude. On a demontre par traduction in vitro caracteriser les proteines digestibles dans Dans Ie cadre d'un projet de transfert que I'expression de certains genes induits I'intestin (PDI) qui viennent de la luzerne et de technologie, deuxproducteursmaraichers 54 Salnte-Foy 1992 de la fleole des pres afin de maximiser la l'Auberiviere, a environ 15 km au sud de enough flats of seedlings to produce 80 000 production de ces proteines pour ameliorer Quebec. On y effectue des travaux sur la leek plants, about the number grown on 1 ha. la nutrition des ruminants. production vegetale et la chimie des sols. La Forage crops An immunological detection On a demontre qu'avec l'utilisation station dispose de 70 annees-personnes et test was developed that can identify timothy d'un semoir de precision, la production d'un compte 26 chercheurs et professionnels. grass genotypes demonstrating a high melange de luzerne et de fleole des pres La Ferme experimentale de Normandin capacity for nitrate reduction. This genetic implante aux doses respectives de 3 et occupe 140 ha et est situee au nord-ouest du characteristic is genotypically variable in this 4 kglha devrait produire autant de fourrage Lac-Saint-Jean. Elle dispose de 24 annees- forage grass. qu'un semis des memes especes implante a personnes, et compte 4 employes dans la It was shown that arctic strains of des doses respectives de 6 et 8 kglha. categorie professionnelle. Rhizobium are more competitive in cold Cereales Dans une etude portant sur les soils than temperate strains. Inoculation of pratiques culturales preconisees en • legumes with Rhizobium adapted to cold agriculture biologique, on a obtenu avec Ie would have the advantage of early and more cultivar d'orge Chapais des rendements Mndate effective nodulation, which .would make for moyens de 9 % superieurs aux rendements The Sainte-Foy Research Station develops better establishment of the plant. Arctic obtenus en regie traditionnelle au cours new cultivars of forage crops, primarily strains form more nodules at low d'une annee marquee par des deficits alfalfa and timothy, for eastern Canada. It temperatures than temperate strains. Arctic hydriques importants. also conducts research on strains are able to synthesize more cold Le transfert de genes de resistance aux • soil and water conservation for Quebec shock proteins (CSP) at low temperatures maladies d'especes etrangeres vers Ie ble • forage and grain production (as low as -10°C) and heat shock proteins etait jusqu'ici une tache difficile, tant pour la • wheat improvement. (HSP) at higher temperatures (up to 46°C) than temperate strains. creation des F1 que les retrocroisements The Normandin Experimental Farm subsequents. De nouveaux milieux de develops techniques for producing and using The primary structure of the DNA of culture facilitent maintenant cette tache et forages in central northern areas. the element of insertion ISRm3 of ont permis l'exploitation de neuf especes Rhizobium meliloti used to inoculate alfalfa d'Aegilops et de diverses autres especes Achievements has been determined. This element of vegetales comme sources de resistance au Water and soil resources A study of insertion has proved useful in specific virus de la jaunisse nanisante de l'orge. Ces potassium fertilization of alfalfa showed that identification of R. meliloti and will be used milieux permettent meme la culture des increased yields and winter survival of the to differentiate between the various strains proembryons de cere ales. alfalfa cultivar Apica depended on the of this rhizobium; selection of the most Une reduction de l'ecartement des amount of potassium reserves in the soil, not promising strains will thus be made easier. rangs d'orge de 18 a 10 cm a permis on the amount of potassium in a form It has been shown with in vitro d'accroitre les rendements, la densite des readily assimilable by the plants. translation that expression of certain genes epis, Ie poids des grains et l'indice de tallage. A study of different tillage methods in a induced by low temperatures varies with the Cependant, des taux de semis variant de barley monoculture on Kamouraska clay level of frost tolerance of alfalfa. Some genes 280 a 440 grains par metre n'ont pas showed that direct seeding benefited the induced by cold have been expressed in a influence les rendements. soil's structural stability from the 1st year of specificway in a cold-tolerant alfalfa cultivar. Production laitiere On a observe les use. After the 3rd year, soil stability was Study of soluble sugars during cold variations nycthemerales des folates seriques 40% higher with direct seeding than with hardening of alfalfa has established that a sous deux conditions de conduite differentes, conventional tillage. As well, the microbial tetrasaccharide, stachyose, not detectable in soit en periodes de tarissement et de biomass and biological activity of the soil unhardened plants, increases rapidly during lactation, chez 11 vaches laitieres. Le taux were greater with direct seeding than with acclimatization to cold. This compound moyen de folates seriques etait plus faible au conventional tillage. However, soil stability accumulates only in the tolerant cultivar tarissement qu'en periode de lactation. En resulting from a no-till method favored the Apica and does not increase significantly in peri ode de tarissement, on n'a pu faire la growth of perennial broad-leaved weeds in the cold-sensitive cultivar CUF-101. distinction entre les variations nycthemerales the direct-seeded plots. Nevertheless, direct The existence of biological nucleation des folates seriques et I'erreur experimentale. seeding combined with moderate weed has been discovered in two species of Pendant la lactation, les concentrations n'ont control provided an economical return Fusarium, an important group of pathogenic pas varie de plus de 1 ng/mL autour de la superior to that of all other production fungi that attack both legumes and cereals. moyenne. systems studied. Fusarium acuminatum and Fusarium Ressources In a technology transfer project, two avenaceum can bring about crystallization of market gardeners successfully produced water in a state of superfusion, the state in La station est situeea Sainte-Foy pres de enough endomycorrhyzal inoculum for use which it is found in plants under the freezing l'Universite Laval ou l'on retrouve une des on their farms. Host plants treated with point. This discovery will eventually help us plus importantes facultes d'agriculture du endomycorrhyza were grown outside in to better understand the pathogenesis pays. En plus de ses laboratoires a 2 containers about 3 m filled with fumigated associated with these fungi and will facilitate Sainte-Foy, la station exploite une ferme soil. The endomycorrhizal inoculum identification ofthese two species, which are experimentale de 75 ha a Saint-David-de- collected in the two containers inoculated difficult to classify taxonomically. Sainte-Fay 1992 55 A study on phytophthora root rot in Resources water-stresses leaves of common bean and alfalfa fields showed that this disease, caused The station is at Sainte-Foy near Laval tepary bean. Crop Sci. 31:1605-1611. by the pathogenic fungus Phytophthora University where one of the most important Cruywagen, C.W; Brisson, G.J.; Tremblay, megaspenna, is not as widespread as had agriculture facilities in the country is located. G.F.; Meissner, H.H. 1990. Effect of curd been believed. Problems of alfalfa survival in As well as its laboratories at Sainte-Foy, the suppression in a milk replacer on low-lying areas may also be caused by anoxia station operates a 75-ha experimental farm physiological parameters in calves. I. and the presence of the pathogen at Saint-David-de-I'Auberiviere, about Digestibility of nutrients and body Aphanomices euteiches. 15 km south of Quebec, where work on mass-gain. S. Mr. J. Anim. Sci. 20:234-238. An immunological study has established plant production and soil chemistry is done. Cruywagen, C.W; Brisson, G.J.; Tremblay, that there is a direct relation between The station has a complement of 70 person- G.F.; Meissner, H.H. 1990. Effect of curd proteins found in the intestine of ruminants years, including 26 scientists and suppression in a milk replacer on and those present in forage crops. The professionals. physiological parameters in calves. II. purpose of this project was to characterize The Normandin Experimental Farm, Selected blood profiles. S. Mr. J. Anim. Sci. rumen bypass proteins in alfalfa and timothy which is administered by the Sainte-Foy 20:239-243. so as to optimize the supply of these proteins station, covers 140 ha located northwest of for ruminant nutrition. Hamel, c.; Furlan, Y.; Smith, D.L. 1991. Lac Saint-Jean. It operates with a Nz-fixation and transfer in a field grown It was demonstrated that using a complement of 24 person-years, including mycorrhizal corn and soybean intercrop. precision seeder, production from a mixture 4 professionals. Plant Soil 133:177-185. of alfalfa and timothy planted at rates of 3 and 4 kg/ha, respectively, equalled that • Hamel, c.; Barrantes-Cartin, U.; Furlan, Y.; from the same species seeded at 6 and Smith, D.L. 1991. EndomycOIThizal fungi in nitrogen transfer from soybean to corn. 8 kg/ha, respectively. 2liCations de recherche Plant Soil 138:33-40. Cereals In a study of cultural practices Research Publications recommended for organic farming, yields Ahmad, F.; Comeau, A 1991. A new Isfan, D. 1991. Fertilizer nitrogen uptake by from the barley cultivar Chapais were 9% intergeneric hybrid between Triticum soybean as related to cultivars and time of higher than those obtained using traditional aestivum L. and Agropyron fragile (Roth) application using 15N technique. J. Plant practices during a year when there was Candargy: variation inA. fragile for Nutr. 14:1369-1380. significant lack of moisture. suppression of the wheat Ph-locus activity. Isfan, D.; Cserni, J.; Tabi, M. 1991. Genetic Plant Breeding 106:275-283. Transfer to wheat of genes resistant to variation of the physiological efficiency diseases of foreign species has been a Ahmad, F.; Comeau, A 1991. Production, index of nitrogen in triticale. J. Plant Nutr. difficult task up to now, both in creation of morphology and cytogenetics of Triticum 14:1381-1390. the Fls and the subsequent backcrosses. aestivum L. TheIl x Elymus scabrus (RBr.) Jain, D.K.; Prevost, D.; Bordeleau, L.M. New culture media that now facilitate this Love intergeneric hybrids obtained by in 1990. Role of bacterial polysaccharides in task have enabled us to develop nine species ovulo embryo culture. Theor. Appl. Genet. the derepression of ex-plants nitrogenase ofAegilops and various other plant species 81:833-839. activity with rhizobia. FEMS Microbiol. as sources of resistance to barley yellow Angers, D.A; N'Dayegamiye, A 1991. Ecol. 73:167-174. dwarf virus. These media even allow for Effects of manure application on carbon, Khasa, P.; Furlan, Y.; Lumande, K. 1991. culture of proembryos of cereals. nitrogen, and carbohydrate contents of a silt Symbioses racinaires chez quelques essences Narrowing the distance between barley loam and its particle size fractions. BioI. forestieres importantes au Zaire. Bois For. rows from 18 to 10 cm has increased yields, Fertil. Soils 11:79-82. nop. 224:27-33. head density, kernel weight, and amount of Bertrand, A; Paquin, R 1991. Influence de Legere, A; Deschenes, J.-M. 1991. Yield tillering. However, yields were not affected la temperature d'endurcissement sur la responses of oats (Avena sativa) and alfalfa by seeding rates varying from 280 to 440 tolerance au gel de la luzerne et sa teneur en (Medicago sativa) to common hemp-nettle kernels per metre. sucres, amidon et proline. Can. J. Plant Sci. (Galeopsis tetrahit) interference. Can. J. Dairy production Nychthemeral variations 71:737-747. Plant Sci. 71:141-147. of serum folates were observed in 11 dairy Bigwaneza, P.c.; Prevost, D.; Bordeleau, Margolis, H.A; Vezina, L.-P.;Bellefleur, P. cows under two different conditions-in dry L.M.; Antoun, A 1991. Glucose transport 1991. Influence of near-ultraviolet light periods and during lactation. The average by an arctic and a temperate strain of enhancement and photosynthetic photon level of serum folates was lower during dry rhizobia. Can J. Microbiol. 37:105-109. flux density during photoperiod extension on periods than during lactation. When the Cai, Q.; Bullen, M.R 1991. Caracterization the morphology and lignin content of black cows were dry, the nychthemeral variations spruce seedlings. New For. 5:131-138. of serum folates could not be distinguished of genomes of timothy (Phleum pratense L.). from experimental error. During lactation, I. Karyotypes and C-banding patterns in Margolis, H.A; Delaney, S.; Vezina, L.-P.; concentrations did not vary by more than cultivated timothy and two wild relatives. Bellefleur, P. 1991. The partitioning of 14C 1 ng/mL from the mean. Genome 34:52-58. between growth and differentiation within Castonguay, Y.; Markhart, AH. 1991. stem-deformed and healthy black spruce Saturated rates of photosynthesis in seedlings. Can. J. Bot. 69:1225-1231. 56 Sc.inte-Foy 1992 N'Dayegamiye, A; Isfan, D. 1991. Chemical microsomal membranes from cauliflower by and biological changes in compost of wood free radicals generated during gamma shavings, sawdust and peat moss. Can. J. irradiation. Plant Physiol. (Bethesda) Plant Sci. 71:475-484. 97:545-550. Nkongolo, K.K.c.; St-Pierre, C.-A; Comeau, Wheatcroft, R; Laberge, S. 1991. A 1991. Effect of parental genotypes, cross Identification and nucleotide sequence of direction and temparature on the Rhizobium meliloti insertion sequence crossability of bread wheat with triticale and ISRm3: similarity between the putative on the viability of FI embryos. Ann. Appl. transposase encoded by ISRm3 and those BioI. 118:161-168. encoded by Staphylococcus aureus IS256 and Pageau, D. 1991. Row spacing and seedling Thiobacillus ferrooxidans IST2. J. Bacteriol. rate effects on Cadette spring barley. Cereal 173:2530-2538. Res. Commun. 19:291-296. Prevost, D.; Angers, D.A; Nadeau, P. 1991. Determination of ATP in soils by high performance liquid chromatography. Soil BioI. Biochem. 23:1143-1146. Prevost, D.; Bromfield, E.S.P. 1991.Effect of low root temperature on symbiotic nitrogen fixation and competitive nodulation of Onobrychis viciifolia (sainfoin) by strains of arctic and temperate rhizobia. BioI. Fertil. Soils 12:161-164. Saindon, G.; Michaud, R; St-Pierre, C.-A 1991. Breeding for root yield in alfalfa. Can. J. Plant Sci. 71:727-735. Schnitzer, M.; Schulten, H.-R; Schuppli, P.; Angers, D. 1991. Organic matter extraction from soils with water at high pressure and temperatures. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 55:102-108. Simard, RR; Tran, T.S.; Zizka, J. 1991. Evaluation of the electro-ultrafiltration technique (EUF) as a measure of the K supplying power of Quebec soils. Plant Soil 132:91-101. Simard, RR; Tran, T.S.; Zizka, J. 1991. Evaluation of the strontium chloride-citric acid extraction as a soil testing procedure for phosphorus. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 55:414-421. Surprenant, J.; Knowles, RP. 1990.Radisson smooth bromegrass. Can. J. Plant Sci. 70:1183-1185. Tremblay, G.P.; Girard, C.L.; Bernier-Cardou, M.; Matte, J.J. 1991. Nycterohemeral variations of concentration of serum folates in dairy cows. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 71:919-923. Vezina, L.-P.; Nadeau, P. 1991. The combined effects of Rhizobial nodulation and nitrogen fertilization on growth and cold acclimation of alfalfa (Medicago sativa cv. Saranac). Ann. Bot. (Lond.) 68:359-363. Voisine, R; Vezina, L.-P.;WiIIemot, C.1991. Induction of senescence-like deterioration of Sainte-Foy 1992 57 SAINT-HYACINTHE Centre de recherche et de Food Research and developpement sur les aliments Development Centre Direction generale de la recherche Research Branch Agriculture Canada Agriculture Canada 3600, boulevard Casavant ouest 3600 Casavant Boulevard West Saint-Hyacinthe (Quebec) Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec J2S 8E3 J2S 8E3 Tel. (514) 773-1105 Tel. Telecopie (514) 773-8461 Fax C.E. OTfB::EM333MAIL EM Rrsonnel professionnel RfeSSional Staff Directeur c.B. Aubi, Ph.D. Director Directrice adjointe interimaire K.G. Lapsley, D.Sc. Acting Assistant Director Chef, planification et services industriels J. Bechard, B.Sc. Head, Planning and Industrial Services Programme international International Program Responsable du programme C. Toupin, Ph.D. Head of Program Soutien a la recherche Scientific Support Bibliothecaire (detachee) F. Bernard, M.RS.1. Librarian (seconded in) Gestionnaire, systeme informatique S: Boudreault, D.E.C. Data Information Manager Agent de programme industriel M. D'Aoust, RSc. Industrial Program Officer Chef interimaire des usines pilotes J. Gagnon, M.Sc. Acting Head, Pilot plants Analyste-programmeur L. Laurendeau, B.Sc. Programmer-Analyst Statisticienne N. Rodrique, RSc. Statistician Communications et transfert de technologie Communication and Technology Transfer Chef de section S: Bittner, M.Sc. Head of Section Agent de communication E. Gauthier, M.Sc. Communication officer Industrie des viandes Meats Chef de section; transformation des viandes G. Piette, Ph.D. Head of Section; Meat processing Microbiologie des viandes P.Delaquis, Ph.D. Meat microbiology Biochimie et physiologie musculaires C. Gariepy, Ph.D. Biochemistry, muscular physiology Biochimie musculaire (prete par la Direction) C. Zarkadas, Ph.D. Muscular biochemistry (seconded out) Biotechnologie et extraits vegetaux Biotechnology and Plant Products Chef de section; culture de cellules F. Cormier, Ph.D. Head of Section; Plant cells, vegetales, metabolites metabolic products Micro-organismes industriels, c.P. Champagne, Ph.D. Fermentation, microorganisms, fermentation and processes Geniegenetique, enzymologie R Lee, Ph.D. Genetic engineering, enzymology Genie des procedes C. Moresoli, Ph.D. Biotechnological engineering Enzymologie, metabolites A. Morin, Ph.D. Enzymology, metabolites Chimie des produits naturels, M.-R. Van Calsteren, Ph.D. Chemistry of natural products,. spectroscopie spectroscopy Industrie laitiere Dairy Chef de section; microbiologie D. Roy, Ph.D. Head of Section; Microbiology Physico-chimie du lait M. Britten, Ph.D. Physical chemistry of milk Bouiangerie, fermentation P.Gelinas, Ph.D. Baking, fermentation Genie alimentaire C. Passey, D.Sc. Food engineering Genie chimique P.Roy, RSc. Chemical engineering Produits laitiers D. St"Gelais,Ph.D. Dairy products 58 Saint-Hy,acinthe 1992 Technologies de conservation des aliments Food Preservation Technology Chef de section; conservation, G. Doyon, Ph.D. Head of Section; Storage, emballage packaging Biopolymeres, produits vegetaux A. Begin, Ph.D. Biopolymers, plant products Extraction et purification M. Boulet, Ph.D. Extraction and purification Materiaux d'emballage, effets technologiques L. Deschenes, B.Sc. Packaging materials, technology Evaluation sensorielle J. Fortin, B.Sc. Sensory evaluation Biophysique, proteines R Lamarche, Ph.D. Biophysics, proteins Genie des procedes, emballage M. Marcotte, B.Sc. Packaging, processing engineering Physiologie vegetale (prete par la Direction) C. Willemot, Ph.D. Plant physiology (seconded out) Mndat Le Centre de recherche et de les pays de la francophonie. Des missions de des souches du Peptococcus qui developpement sur les aliments de cooperation entre des industriels canadiens synthetisaient l'enzyme recherche. D'autre Saint-Hyacinthe aide l'industrie des aliments et d'autres industriels des pays de la part, on a isole les hydantoinases dans des et boissons du Canada a devenir plus francophonie se preparent et Ie personnel legumineuses, ce qui laisse entrevoir un efficace et plus competitive en faisant appel scientifique du centre y a apporte son potentiel de valorisation de ces substrats surtout aux outils de biotechnologie et de concours. vegetaux. technologies de conservation. II effectue Maturation acceleree des fromages On a On a observe la production d'un aussi de la recherche sur : produit au Centre des enzymes du polysaccharide a partir de l'Enterobacter et • Ie lait Lactobaccillus casei et une compagnie en utilisant des milieux base de sirop • les viandes a canadienne les a mis a l'essai pour la d'erable declasse. Le polysaccharide etait • les produits frais maturation acceleree de fromages. Cette compose principalement de glucose et de • les extraits vegetaux. collaboration fait suite a des travaux menes galactose. au Centre sur les proprietes catalytiques des Realisations Entreposage de bleuets sous atmosphere enzymes. Par ailleurs, des etudes genetiques modi/Me Au Quebec, les bleuets sont Services industriels Vn des attraits majeurs sont menees sur les lactobacilles pour principalement produits dans la region du du Centre de recherche et de developpement ameliorer certaines proprietes Saguenay- Lac Saint-Jean. Min de favoriser sur les aliments est la possibilite qu'ont les fermentescibles. industriels de realiser eux-memes des la production regionale tout en assurant un travaux de recherche a l'usine pilote. Ceci Production de microorganismes On a mis approvisionnement national, il faut augmenter assure aux industriels un haut niveau de au point un procede de fabrication de la duree de conservation des bleuets. Pour la confidentialite ainsi qu'un transfert cultures immobilisees et lyophilisees dans Ie troisieme annee, nous travaillons a mettre au technologique rapide vers la production. Au cadre de l'entente auxiliaire Canada-Quebec point un procede de conservation sous total, 125 projets industriels confidentiels sur Ie developpement agro-alimentaire. La atmosphere modifiee qui augmente de ont ete realises en 1991; ceux-ci ont technologie des cellules immobilisees plusieurs jours la duree de conservation des implique 100 entreprises differentes. permet de produire des cultures concentrees bleuets. L'implantation industrielle se fera a sans avoir recours a la centrifugation ou a la l'ete 1993, si tous les parametres de XVIIIe Congres international sur Iefroid filtration. Ces cultures lyophilisees sont plus conservation sont maitrises et identifies. Preside par Ie directeur du Centre de stables lors de l'entreposage haute a L 'electrodialyse de proteines recherche et de developpement sur les temperature et ont un degre eleve de alimentaires Vne equipe, en collaboration aliments, Ie congres a reuni, du 10 au 17 resistance aux bacteriophages. Deux avec Hydro-Quebec, sur travaille Ie aout 1991, environ 1 700 industriels et compagnies etudient la mise l'echelle de ce a potentiel d'utilisation de l'electrodialyse chercheurs de 60 pays. Les participants ont procede en vue d'une exploitation dans Ie fractionnement et la purification de porte un vif interet a toutes les facettes de commerciale. l'utilisation du froid, incluant la conservation proteines alimentaires. Traditionnellement des aliments. Ce congres se tenait pour la Production de nouveaux ingredients Vne utilisee pour demineraliser l'eau de mer ou premiere fois au Canada et les industriels compagnie a investi dans la mise au point epurer divers rejets industriels, canadiens ont visite les kiosques de d'un procede de production d'anthocyanes a l'electrodialyse permettrait, grace a un l'exposition commerciale et assiste aux partir de cultures de cellules de raisin. Le nouveau procede, de preparer sans ajout de conferences. projet fait suite a des etudes menees au produits chimiques, des fractions proteiques Centre sur les facteurs qui affectent la d'une grande purete. Programme francophonie (A. C.C. T) Ce production d'anthocyanes dans les cultures Interaction aliment-emballage On a mis au. programme resulte de la collaboration entre cellulaires. la Direction generale de la recherche, la point un modele de comportement des Division de developpement agricole On a evalue diverses sources echanges gazeux dans les emballages international et la Direction generale des potentielles d'hydantoinases afin de individuels de fruits et de legumes. Ce programmes internationaux d'Agriculture permettre la synthese de precurseurs modele s'est avere efficace pour des Canada. Son objectif est Ie « developpement d'acides amines. L'etude de 373 cultures emballages de champignonsAgaricus integre de la PME agro-alimentaire » dans bacteriennes anaerobies a permis de trouver bisporus. Ce logiciel permettra aux Saint-Hyacinthe 1992 59 industriels de choisir judicieusement puis utilise pour enrichir du lait de Canada for the first time from 10 to 17 I'emballage en fonction des caracteristiques fromagerie. En pratique, cette methode August 1991,was presided over by the physiologiques des produits horticoles frais. permet d'ameliorer les rendements Director of the Food Research and fromagers, Ie plus souvent au detriment de Development Centre. About 1700 Les bifidobacteries II y a de plus en plus de manufacturers and researchers from 60 preuves que les bifidobacteries sont . la qualite organoleptique du fromage. L'augmentation du pouvoir tampon du lait countries attended the meeting. Participants benefiques pour la sante. L'addition de ces enrichi necessite I'utilisation de ferments were interested in all facets of use of bacteries a certains aliments permet donc lactiques plus actifs et aptes produire un refrigeration, including food storage, and d'en augmenter la valeur nutritionnelle. Au a fromage de qualite. Des etudes ont ete visited booths at the trade show.. moins deux fromages contenant des entreprises, en collaboration avec la Laiterie bifidobacteries ont Me mis sur Ie marche par Francophone Program The Agency for Mont-St-Hilaire, pour selectionner des la fromagerie Clement (Damafro). Cette Cultural and Technical Cooperation (ACTC) lactocoques proteinases-positives et annee, il sera possible de fournir a I'industrie is the result of collaboration between proteinases-negatives qui peuvent croltre des procedes ameliores pour la culture et la Agriculture Canada's Research Branch, dans du lait enrichi de poudres de retentat concentration de ces microorganismes. International Agriculture Development demineralise. Division, and International Programs Branch. Emballage Une etude vise a mettre au Its goal is to achieve integrated development point, en collaboration avec la Cie Ressources of small- and medium-sized agri-food Corneville, un procede de conservation du Le Centre possede un eventail d'instruments businesses in Francophone countries. fromage Camembert sous atmosphere complexes et modernes qui permettent de Scientific staff at the centre are lending their modifiee (AM). Le developpement des mener des recherches, ainsi qu'une usine support in the planning of missions for cultures fongiques est etudie pour verifier pilote dont les equipements sont con<;us cooperation between manufacturers from s'il est affecte par les conditions d'AM. specialement pour la mise au point de Canada and Francophone countries. Potentiel d'utilisation des derives du lait dans nouveaux produits. De plus, Ie Centre, qui Accelerated maturation of cheese Enzymes les produits de boulangerie Un produit compte 33 professionnels, partage ses locaux of Lactobaccillus casei were produced at the confere au pain une saveur qui s'apparente a avec une vingtaine d'employes du Service de centre. A Canadian company did a trial of celle des pains de specialite de type « sour recherches sur les aliments du ministere de their use in accelerating maturation of dough ». Deux compagnies ont porte un I'Agriculture, des Pecheries et de cheeses. This collaboration took place grand interet a la production de ce derive, et l'Alimentation du Quebec et un representant subsequent to work carried out at the centre des pourparlers sont en cours. du Conseil national de recherches du on catalytic properties of enzymes. Genetic Canada. Quatre-vingts annees-personnes Transformation de Laviande de porc it !'etat studies were made on lactobacilli to improve sont mises a la disposition du Centre. pre-rigor Min de determiner si Ie desossage certain fermentation properties. a chaud est avantageux dans Ie contexte Production of microorganisms A process actuel de I'industrie de transformation de la • for the manufacture of immobilized and viande de porc, des pre-melanges de viande lyophilized cultures was developed under the additionnes de sel et de nitrite ont ete Mndate Canada-Quebec Subsidiary Agreement on prepares immediatement apres I'abattage. The Saint-Hyacinthe Food Research and Agri-Food Development. The technology of Les resultats ont demontre que ces Development Centre helps Canada's food immobilized cells allows concentrated pre-melanges sont superieurs aux and beverage industry to become more cultures to be produced without using pre-melanges traditionnels quant aux efficient and competitive, mainly by centrifuges or filtration. These lyophilized proprietes fonctionnelles, et que leur developing biotechnology and storage cultures are more stable in storage at high stabilite chimique et microbiologique est technologies. The centre also conducts temperatures and have high resistance to excellente. research on bacteriophages. Tho companies are Demituration partielle des proteines du • milk considering developing this procedure for lactoserum La denaturation thermique • meats commercial use. reduit considerablement la capacite • fresh products Production of new ingredients A new emulsifiante des proteines du lactoserum. • plant extracts. company is developing a proCt:ssfor Cependant, la combinaison d'une fraction Achievements reproducing anthocyans by culturing grape proteique denaturee et d'une fraction cells. The project follows studies carried out protei que native donne des ingredients dont Industrial services One of the most at the centre on factors affecting production les proprietes emulsifiantes sont gouvernees attractive features of the centre is that of anthocyans in cell cultures. par les proportions du melange. La fraction manufacturers themselves can do research in native du melange permet la formation de the pilot plant. This arrangement provides Different potential sources of I'emulsion, tan dis que la fraction denaturee them with a high level of confidentiality and hydantoinases for synthesis of precursors of confere a I'emulsion sa viscosite et sa rapid technology transfer to get into amino acids were evaluated. Study of 373 stabilite. Le contrale des proportions du production. A total of 125 confidential anaerobic bacterial cultures found strains of melange permet d'adapter I'ingredient a une industrial projects, involving 100 different Peptococcus that synthesized the desired multitude d'applications. companies, were carried out in 1991. enzyme. Hydantoinases were isolated in legumes, which indicates a potential for Les lactocoques Le retentat de lait XVIIIth International Congress on developing these plant substrates. concentre par ultrafiltration peut etre seche, Refrigeration The Congress, held in 60 Saint.Hy.:lcinthe 1992 Production of a polysaccharide by Processing of pre-rigor pork To determine Britten, M.; Giroux, H.J. 1991. Coalescence Enterobacter was observed in mediums based whether hot boning of meat is profitable in index of protein-stabilized emulsions. J. on low-grade maple syrup. The today's pork processing industry, premixes of Food Sci. 56(3):792-795. polysaccharide was made up mainly of meat were prepared by adding salt and Britten, M.; Giroux, H.J. 1991. Emulsifying glucose and galactose. nitrite immediately after slaughter. Results properties of whey protein and casein showed that these premixes are superior to Modified atmosphere storage of blueberries composite blends. J. Dairy Sci. traditional premixes in terms of functional In Quebec, blueberries are produced mainly 74:3318-3325. in the Saguenay-Lac Saint-Jean region. To properties. They have excellent chemical and Britten, M.; Giroux, H.J.; Lavoie, L. 1991. promote regional production while ensuring microbiological stability. Phase separation in dairy products a national supply, storage life must be Partial denaturation of whey proteins monitored by optical densitometry. improved. For the 3rd year, a procedure for Thermal denaturation considerably reduced Milchwissenschaft 46(5):300-303. storing blueberries in a modified atmosphere the emulsifying capacity of whey proteins. is being developed that increases shelf life by However, combining a denatured and a Champagne, e.P.; Aurouze, R; Goulet, G. several days. Industrial implementation will native protein fraction produced ingredients 1991. Inhibition of undesirable gas begin in the summer of 1993, if all storage with emulsifying properties that are production in tofu. J. Food Sci. parameters are verified and identified. governed by the proportions of the mixture. 56:1600-1603. Electrodialysis of food proteins In The native fraction of the mixture allows Champagne, C.P.; Detournay, H.; Hardy, collaboration with Hydro Quebec, the formation of the emulsion, whereas the M.-J. 1991. Effect of medium on growth and potential for use of electrodialysis in denatured fraction gives the emulsion its subsequent survival, after freeze-drying, of fractionation and purification of food viscosity and stability. By controlling the Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus. J. proteins is being studied. Traditionally this proportions of the mixture the ingredients Ind. Microbiol. 7:147-150. can be adapted to many applications. process has been used to demineralize sea Champagne, C.P.; Gardner, N.; Brochu, E.; water or to purify various kinds of industrial Lactococci Milk concentrate obtained by et al. 1991. The freeze-drying of lactic acid waste. A new process for electrodialysis now ultrafiltration has been dried and used to bacteria. A review. Can. Inst. Food Sci. produces pure protein fractions without enrich milk for cheese-making. In practice, Technol. J. 24(3/4):118-128. adding chemical products. this method improves yields for cheese Cheour, F.; Willemot, e.; Arul, J.; et al. makers, most often to the detriment of the Interaction between food and packaging A 1991. Postharvest response of two organoleptic quality of the cheese. The model of gaseous exchanges in individual strawberry cultivars to foliar application of increased buffering ability of the enriched packages of fruits and vegetables has been CaCI2. HortScience 26(9):1186-1188. developed. This model has proved effective milk necessitates the use of more active Chevalier, P.;Roy, D.; Savoie, L. 1991. for packages of Agaricus bisporus lactic starters capable of producing quality mushrooms. Using this software, cheese. Studies have been undertaken in a-?-Gal-based medium for simultaneous manufacturers will be able to choose the collaboration with Laiterie Mont-St-Hilaire enumeration ofbifidobacteria and lactic acid bacteria in milk. J. Microbiol. Methods most appropriate form of packaging based to select proteinase-positive and -negative 13:75-83. on the physiological characteristics of fresh lactococci able to grow in milk enriched with horticultural products. demineralized powdered concentrate. Cormier, F.;Raymond, Y.; Champagne, e.P.; et al. 1991. Analysis of odor-active volatiles Bifidobacteria There is increasing evidence Resources that bifidobacteria are beneficial to health. from Pseudomonas fragi grown in milk. J. The centre uses a wide range of complex, Added to certain foods, they increase Agri. Food Chern. 39:159-161. modern instruments to carry out research, as nutritional value. At least two cheeses Couture, R.; Gagne, D.; Champagne, e.P. well as a pilot plant with equipment containing bifidobacteria have been put on 1991. Effet de divers additifs sur la survie a especially designed for developing new the market by the Clement cheese factory la Iyophilisation de Lactococcus lactis. Can. products. The centre, which has 33 (Damafro). This year's results will provide Inst. Food Sci. Technol. J. 24(5):224-227. professional staff, shares its premises with the industry with better procedures for about 20 employees of the Quebec Deschenes, L. 1991. Les transferts de masse culture and concentration of these Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and dans Ie couple aliment-emballage microorganisms. Food and a representative of the National plastique : cle de I'emballage alimentaire. Packaging In collaboration with the Research Council of Canada. The centre has Can. Inst. Food Sci. Technol. J. Corneville Company, the centre develops a 80 person-years available. 24(5):203-208. process for modified atmosphere (MA) Desjardins M.L.; Roy, D.; Goulet, J. 1991. storage of Camembert cheese. Fungal • p-galactosidase and proteolytic activities of cultures are studied to see whether their bifidofacteria in milk: a preliminary study. development is affected by MA conditions. 2/iCations de recherche Milchwissenschaft 46(1): 11-13. Research Publications Potential use of milk by-products in bakery Do, e.R; Cormier, F. 1991.Accumulation of products A milk by-product gives bread a Aalhus, J.e.; Gariepy, e.; Murray, A.e.; et peonidin 3-glucoside enhanced by osmotic flavor similar to that of sour dough specialty al. 1991. Stunning and shackling influences stress in grape (Vitis vinifera L.) cell breads. Two companies have expressed on quality of porcine Longissimus dorsi and suspension. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. interest in producing this by-product and semimembranosus muscles. Meat Sci. 24:49-54. discussions are now going on. 29:323-334. Saint-Hyacinthe 1992 61 Do, C.R; Cormier, F. 1991. Effects of high from psychrotrophic Bacillus subtillis KL88. Racine, M.; Dumont, J.; Champagne, C.P.;et ammonium concentrations on growth and J. Dairy Sci. 74:1773-1778. al. 1991. Production and characterization of the polysaccharide from Propionibacterium anthocyanin formation in grape (Vitis Lamarche, F.; Picard, G.; Techy, F.; et al. acidi-propionici on whey-based media. J. vinifera L.) cell suspension cultured in a 1991. Complex formation between Appl. Bacteriol. 71:233-238. production medium. Plant Cell Tissue Organ chlorophyll a and cytochrome c: surface Cult. 27:169-174. properties at the air-water interface. Eur. J. Ramaswamy, H.; Campbell, S.; Passey, C. Do, C.B.; Cormier, F. 1991. Effects of low Biochem. 197:529-534. 1991.Temperature distribution in a standard I-basket water-cascade retort. Can. Inst. nitrate and high sugar concentrations on Mafu, AA; Roy, D.; Goulet, J.; et al. 1991. anthocyanin content and composition of Characterization of physicochemical forces Food Sci. Technol. 24(1/2):19-26. grape (Vitis vinifera L.) cell suspension. Plant involved in adhesion of Listeria Raymond, Y.; Morin, A; Champagne, c.P.; Cell Rep. 9:500-504. monocytogenes to surfaces. Appl. Environ. et al. 1991. Enhancement of fruity aroma Doyon, G.; Gagnon, J.; Toupin, c.J.; et al. Microbiol. 57(7):1969-1973. production of Pseudomonas fragi grown on skim milk, whey and whey permeate 1991.Gas transmission properties of polyvinyl Mafu, AA; Roy, D.; Savoie, L.; et al. 1991. supplemented with C -C fatty acids. Appl. chloride (PVC) films studied under Bioluminescence assay for estimating the 3 7 Microbiol. Biotechnol. 34:524-527. subambient and ambient conditions for hydrophobic properties of bacteria as modified atmosphere packaging applications. revealed by hydrophobic interaction Romo-Parada, L.; Vezina, L.-P:; Charest, Packaging Technol. Sci. 4:157-165. chromatography. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. P.M.; et al. 1991. Effect of modification of Doyon, G.; Gaudreau, G.; St-Gelais, D.; et 57(6):1640-1643. storage atmosphere on phospholipids and ultrastructure of cauliflower mitochondria. al. 1991. Simultaneous HPLC determination Makhlouf, J.; Willemot, C; AmI, J.; et al. Physiol. Plant. 83:664-674. of organic acids, sugars and alcohols. Can. 1991. Le role de l'ethylene dans la Inst. Food Sci. Technol. J. 24(1/2):87-94. conseIVation et la regulation de la Roy, D. 1991. Salt stress on growth and acid El Ghaouth, A; Arul, J.; Ponnampalam, R; biosynthese de l'ethylene des florets de production of Lactobacillus helveticus strain et al. 1991. Use of chitosan coating to reduce brocoli apres recolte. Effet de la milano. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 12:207-211. water loss and maintain quality of cucumber temperature. Can. Inst. Food Sci. Technol. J. Roy, D.; Chevalier, P.; Ward P.;et al. 1991. and bell pepper fruits. J. Food Process. 24(1/2):42-47. Sugars fermented byBifidobacterium infantis PreseIV. 15:359-368. Marcotte, M.; Le Maguer, M. 1991. ATCC 27920 in relation with growth and Emond, J.P.; Castaigne, F.;Toupin c.J.; et al. Repartition of water in plant tissues a-galatosidase activity. Appl. Microbiol. 1991. Mathematical modeling of gas subjected to osmotic processes. J. Food Biotechnol. 34:653-655. exchange in modified atmosphere packaging. Process Eng. 13:297-320. Roy; D.; Ward, P.;Toupin, c.J.; et al. 1991. Trans. ASAE (Am. Soc. Agric. Eng.) Marcotte, M.; Toupin, c.J.; Le Maguer, M. Phenotypic characterization of 34(1):239-245. 1991. Mass transfer in cellular tissues. Part I: Bifidobacterium spp. of human. origin uSIng Gelinas, P.; Goulet, J. 1991. Morphology of the mathematical model. J. Food Eng. rapid method. Microbiologie-Aliments- bakers' yeast and dissolved oxygen 13:199-220. Nutrition 9:133-138. saturation during fed-batch growth. Lett. Morin, A; Lafond, A 1991. Continuous St-Gelais, D.; Doyon, G.; Rolland, J.R; et Appl. Microbiol. 12:164-170. production of N-carbamyl-o-alanine by al. 1991. Sugar and organic acid Gelinas, P.;Toupin, c.J.; Goulet, J. 1991. peptococcus anaerobius adsorbed on concentrations during ripening of Cheddar Cell water permeability and cryotolerance of activated charcoal. Biotechnol. Lett. cheese-like products. Milchwissenschaft Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Lett. Appl. 14(2):117-118. 46(5):288-291. Microbiol. 12:236-240. Morin, A; Touzel, J.-P.; Lafond, A; et al. Toupin, c.J.; Doyon, G.; Vern~t, P. 1991. Gelinas, P.; Fiset, G.; Willemot, c.; et al. 1991. o-Hydantoinase from anaerobic Spline smoothing in the analysis of frnits and 1991. Lipid content and cryotolerance of microorganisms. Appl. Microbiol. vegetables respiration data. lJ:ans. ASAE bakers' yeast in frozen doughs. Appl. Biotechnol. 35:536-540. (Am. Soc. Agric. Eng.) 34(1):221-224. Environ. Microbiol. 57(2):463-468. Piette, J.-P.G.; Idziak, B.S. 1991. Adhesion Van Calsteren, M.-R; Cormier, F.;Do, C.R; Khalid, A; Rahim, A; Lee, RH. 1991. of meat spoilage bacteria to fat and tendon et al. 1991. 1Hand BC NMR assignments Production and characterization of slices and to glass. Biofoulings 5:3-20. of the major anthocyanins from Vitis vinifera cell suspension culture. Spectroscopy 9:1-15. p-galactosidase from psychrotrophic bacillus Piette, J.-P.G.; Idziak, E.S. 1991. Role of subtillis KL88. Biotechnol. Appl. Biochem. flagella in adhesion of Pseudomonas 13:246-256. fluorescens to tendon slices. Appl. Environ. Khalid, A; Rahim, A; Lee, B.H. 1991. Microbiol. 57(6):1635-1639. Separation of proteinase from Piette, J.-P.G.; Vignola, c.L.; Wood, D.F. p-galactosidase of psychrotrophic bacillus 1991. Caracteristiques chimiques et subtillis KL88. J. Dairy Sci. 74:46-49. organoleptiques de saucisses fraiches Khalid, A; Rahim, A; Lee, RH. 1991. contenant des viandes separees Specificity, inhibitory studies, and mecaniquement. Viandes Prod. Carnes oligosaccharide formation byp-galactosidase 12(5):137-140. 62 Saint-Hy'acinthe 1992 SAINT -JEAN-SUR-RICHELIEU Station de recherches Research Station Direction generale de la recherche Research Branch Agriculture Canada Agriculture Canada 430, boulevard Gouin 430 Gouin Boulevard Saint -Jean-sur- Richelieu (Quebec) Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, Quebec J3B 3E6 J3B 3E6 Tel. (514) 346-4494 Tel. Telecopie (514) 346-7740 Fax e.E. OTTB::EM335MAIL EM R,sonnel professionnel R'esslonal Staff Directeur D. Demars, Ph.D. Director Directeur adjoint R Chagnon, B.Sc.(Ing.) Assistant Director Agente d'administration S. Joncas Administrative Officer Agente d'information T. Otis, B.Sc.A. Information Officer Soutien scientifique Scientific Support Informatique R Messier Computer science Bibliothecaire (detache) I. Wallace, M.L.S. Librarian (seconded in) Cultures [ruitieres Fruit Crops Chef de section; acarologie N.J. Bostanian, Ph.D. Head of Section; Acarology Phytopathologie O. Carisse, Ph.D. Plant pathology Genie genetique J.e. COte, Ph.D. Genetic engineering Physiologie RL. Granger, Ph.D. Physiology Regie des cultures MJ. Lareau, M.Sc. Crop management Entomologie C. Vincent, Ph.D. Entomology Cultures legumreres Vegetable Crops Chef de section; entomologie G. Boivin, Ph.D. Head of Section; Entomology Nematologie G. Belair, M.Sc. Nematology Malherbologie .D.L. Benoit, Ph.D. Weed science Physiologie de la senescence L.S. Berard, Ph.D. Physiology of senescence Entomologie M. Hudon, M.Sc. Entomology Genetique moleculaire B. Landry, Ph.D. Molecular genetics Toxicologie . P. Martel, Ph.D. Toxicology Chimie et genie Chemistry and Engineering Chef de section; mecanisation R Chagnon, B.Sc.(Ing.) Head of Section; Mechanization Chimie des pesticides A. Belanger, Ph.D. Pesticide chemistry Modelisation G. Bourgeois, Ph.D. Modeling Pulverisation B. Panneton, Ph.D. Spraying Nutrition minerale N. Tremblay, Ph.D. Mineral nutrition Entreposage e. Vigneault, M.Sc. Storage Professionnels auriliaires Auxiliary Professionals Genetique S. Khanizadeh, Ph.D. Breeding Gestion des l~gumes de transformation M.H. Michaud, M.Sc. Management of vegetables for processing Projet de protection des vegetaux au Burkina Faso Plant Protection Project Burkina Faso Administrateur; J. Daneau, B.A.A. Manager; Saint -Jean-sur -Richelieu Saint-J ean-sut -Richelieu Directeur de projet; Ouagadougou G. Benharrosh, B.Sc.(Agr.) Project Leader; Ouagadougou Specialiste en intervention; Ouagadougou e. Genest, B.Sc.(Agr.) Intervention Specialist; Ouagadougou Specialiste en formation; Ouagadougou B. Vigier, M.Sc. Training Specialist; Ouagadougou Entomologie; Bobo- Dioulasso D. Bouchard, Ph.D. Entomology; Bobo-Dioulasso Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu1992 63 Phytopathologie; Bobo-Dioulasso L. Couture, Ph.D. Phytopathology; Bobo-Dioulasso Agent de recherche et de transfert G. Tourigny, M.Sc. Research and Technology Transfer Officer technologique L 'Assomption L 'Assomption Ferme experimentale Experimental Farm Direction generale de la recherche Research Branch Agriculture Canada Agriculture Canada 801, route 344 801 Route 344 c.P. 3398 P.O. Box 3398 L'Assomption (Quebec) L' Assomption, Quebec 10K 1GO 10K 100 Tel. (514) 589-2171 Tel. Telecopie (514) 589-4027 Fax C.E. OTTB::EM324MAlL EM Surintendant F. Darisse, B.Sc.(Agr.) Superintendent Agente d'administration SJ. Berneche . Administrative Officer Plantes ornementales Ornamental Crops Physiologie N. Arnold, Ph.D. Physiology Malherbologie D. Cloutier, Ph.D. Weed science Genetique I.S. Ogilvie, Ph.D. Breeding Gestion des cultures C. Richer-Leclerc, M.Sc. Crop management Petits fruits et legumes Small Fruits and Vegetables Gestion des cultures M. Lamarre, M.Sc. Crop management Mndat La Station de recherches de Saint-1ean-sur- partir du sol. Les pommiers sur M.9 et coute cher et s'avere peu efficace; les Richelieu met au point des techniques et des OTT.3 ont eu moins de creur noir. nematodes qui sont toujours vivants dans les eaux profondes non traitees r6nfestent systemes de productions horticoles orientes Tordeuse a bandes obliques Dans une vers une grande qualite de I'environnement. region du Quebec, on a observe que des rapidement la surface. La Ferme experimentale de tordeuses a bandes obliques recueillies dans Stele rouge du fraisier A la suite de L'Assomption developpe des plantes de des vergers ont developpe de la resistance a l'evaluation en champ de 14 genotypes de remplacement du tabac et des plantes trois insecticides de synthese tres utilises: fraisiers, l'Annapolis et Ie Sparkle se sont ornementales. I'azinphosmethyl, Ie phosmet et la reveles les plus resistants au Phytophthora cypermethrine. Le Bacillus thuringiensis var. fragariae alors que les autres cultivars a haut Realisations kurstaki s'avere une bonne solution de rendement sont tous tres sensibles. Livre Les Dr Charles Vincent de la station rechange. Petits fruits On a obtenu des plants de et Daniel Coderre de I'Vniversite du Charanqon de Laprune Cet insecte hiverne fraisiers plus developpes et plus productifs a Quebec a Montreal ont publie « La lutte dans les boises et migre dans les bordures partir de plantations effectuees en mai sous biologique » aux editions Gaetan Morin. Ce des vergers de pommiers au printemps. On bache de polyethylene noir. livre rassemble les recherches de plus de peut faire une lutte a cet insecte en ne Genie moleculaire A partir d'unpetit 30 specialistes. traitant que Ie pourtour du verger avec un echantillon de feuille preleve ,Ii I'aide d'un Legumes de transformation Des chercheurs insecticide chimique. poin~on a papier, une methode rapide ont mis au point des methodes pour Ie depis- Punaise terne On a extrait de punaises d'analyse de l'ADN des plantes permet de tage des insectes, maladies et mauvaises ternes mortes des inclusions cristallines visualiser une sequence specifique d'ADN. herbes dans les cultures de pois, haricots et caracteristiques du B. thuringiensis. La On peut ainsi relier certains marqueurs mats sucre destines a la transformation. caracterisation moleculaire est en cours. genetiques a des polymorphismes differents entre les lignees d'une meme espece. On a Porte-greffes de pommiers Vne experience Nematodes Le nematicide biologique utilise cette methode pour certifier des de culture du Starkspur Supreme Delicious commercial ClandoSan n'a demontre hybrides de canola. sur 26 porte-greffes differents pendant une aucune efficacite pour reduire les periode de 5 et 9 ans a revele que EMLA 26, populations de nematodes des nodosites qui Analyse d'images Des chercheurs ont mis MAC.9, EMLA 9, OTT.3, B.9, MAC.39, C.6, habitent Ie sol des tomates cultivees en au point une methode qui utilise un systeme P.16 et P.22 sont rustiques et productifs; de serre. Dans ce cas, la fumigation des sols d'analyse d'images pour automatiser Iii plus, ils permettent une cueillette totale a 64 Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu 1992 mesure du diametre et de la vitesse verticale Vegetables for processing Researchers have Ornamentals Two new cultivars of des bulles dans les lessiveurs de gaz. developed methods to detect insects, winterhardy roses in the Explorer series Plantes ornementales Deux nouveaux diseases, and weeds in crops of peas, green were submitted for registration. Frontenac is cultivars de rosiers rustiques qui font partie beans, and sweet com grown for processing. a bush of average size with abundant dark- de la collection Explorateurs ont ete homo- Apple tree rootstocks An experiment in pink flowers. Simon Fraser is low-growing logues. Le Frontenac, de type buissonnant, growing Starkspur Supreme Delicious on 26 and long blooming with medium-pink flowers. de taille moyenne a une floraison abondante different rootstocks during 5 and 9 years has Weed science Intensive control measures de couleur rose fonce; Ie Simon Fraser est shown that EMLA 26, MAC.9, EMLA 9, decreased the population of tubers of the plut6t bas et donne des fleurs rose moyen OTf.3, E.9, MAC.39, C.6, P.16, and P.22 are yellow nutsedge, Cyperus esculentus, in an sur une longue periode. hardy and productive. Their produce can be infested field by about 50% per year. After 2 Malherbologie Dans un champ infeste, la harvested completely from the ground. years of control in com, the population was population d~ tubercules de souchet Apple trees on M.9 and OTf.3 had a lower reduced to below the level where it is comestible, Cyperus esculentus, diminue incidence of brown core than the others. harmful to the next crop. '. d'environ 50 % par annee lorsque Ie niveau Oblique-banded leaf roller Oblique-banded Resources de lutte est eleve. Ainsi, apres 2 ans de lutte leaf rollers collected in orchards in Quebec dans un champ de mai"s,il a ete possible de have become resistant to three common The station's complement of70 person-years basser la population du souchet sous un seuil synthetic insecticides: azinphos-methyl, includes 19 professionals. It has three de nuisibilite pour la prochaine culture. phosmet, and cypermethrin. Bacillus substations: Frelighsburg (134 ha) grows thuringiensis var. kurstaki proved to be a fruit; L'Acadie (86 ha) grows vegetables and Ressources worthwhile alternative. small fruits in mineral soil; Sainte-Clotilde (32 ha) grows vegetables in organic soil. The La station emploie 19 professionnels et Plum curculio This insect winters in dispose de 70 annees-personnes. Trois station is also responsible for L'Assomption wooded areas and migrates to the edges of Experimental Farm (80-ha), which employs sous-stations y sont rattachees; la premiere, apple orchards in spring. It can be controlled situee 11 Frelighsburg, d'une superficie de 6 professionals out of a total of 20 person- well by treating only the orchard perimeter years. Its substation at Lavaltrie has 25 ha. 134 ha, est consacree 11 la culture des fruits; with a chemical insecticide. la deuxieme, situee 11 L'Acadie, d'une superficie de 86 ha, est consacree 11 la Tarnished plant bug Crystalline inclusions • culture des legumes et des petits fruits en sol characteristic of B. thuringiensis have been mineral; la troisieme, situee 11 Sainte-Clotilde, extracted from dead tarnished plant bugs. Blications de recherche d'une superficie de 32 ha, est consacree 11 la Molecular characterization of this strain is Research Publications culture des legumes en sol organique. De now being carried out. Barthakur, N.N.; Arnold, N.P. 1991. plus, la station a la responsabilite de la Nematodes The commercial organic Chemical analysis of the emblic (Phyllanthus Ferme experimentale de L'Assomption qui nematicide ClandoSan proved ineffective in emblica L.) and its potential as a food emploie 6 professionnels sur un total de 20 reducing nematode populations in nodules source. Sci. Hortic. Arnst. 47:99-105. annees-personnes; la superficie est de 80 ha. in the soil of hothouse tomatoes. The Barthakur, N.N.; Arnold, N.P. 1991. Sa sous-station, situee 11 Lavaltrie, a une procedure is costly and toxic to plants, and Nutritive value of the chebulic myrobalan superficie de 25 ha. there is rapid reinfestation by nematodes (Terminalia chebula Retz.) and its potential from untreated deep water. as a food source. Food Chern. 40:213-219 . • Red stele in strawberries After evaluation in Belair, G. 1991. Effects of preplant soil the field of 14 strawberry genotypes, Mndate fumigation on nematode population Annapolis and Sparkle were most resistant. densities on growth and yield of raspberry. The Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu Research to Phytophthora fragariae. Other high-yield Phytoprotection 72(1):21-25. Station develops environmentally cultivars were all susceptible. Belanger, A; Bostanian, N.J.; Boivin G.; sustainable techniques and systems of Small fruits More developed and higher horticultural production. . Boudreau, F. 1991. Azinphos-methyl yielding plants were obtained from plantings residues in apples and spatial distribution of The L' Assomption Experimental Farm done in May under black polyethylene. fluorescein in vase-shaped apple trees. J. develops ornamental crops and alternative Molecular engineering A rapid method for Environ. Sci. Health B26(3):279-291. crops for tobacco. analyzing plant DNA uses small samples Blain, F.; Berstein, M.; Khanizadeh, S.; Achievements taken from leaves with a paper punch. The Sparace, S. 1991. Phytotoxicity and analysis permits us to see a specific DNA pathogenicity of Fusarium roseum to red Book Dr. Charles Vincent, from the sequence. We can thus link certain genetic clover. Phytopathology 81(1):105-108. station, and Daniel Coderre, from the markers of different polymorphisms among University of Quebec, Montreal, have edited lines of the same species. This method was Boivin, G. 1991. Density dependence of the book La lutte biologique, published by used in certifying canol a hybrids. Anaphes sordidatus (Hymenoptera: Gaetan Morin Editeur. This book has Mymaridae) parasitism on eggs of Listronotus Image analysis Researchers have automated contributions from more than 30 specialists oregonensis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). measurement of the diameter and vertical in biological pest control. Pages 21-24 in Wajnberg, E.; Vinson, S.B., speed of bubbles in high-pressure water eds. Trichogramma and other egg scrubbers. parasitoids, Editions INRA, Paris, France. Saint-Jean.sur.Richelieu 1992 65 Clegg, B.S.; Frank, R; Ritcey, G.M.; Landry, B.S.; Hubert, N.; Etoh, T.; Harada, Thomson, D.R; Angerilli, N.P.D.; Vincent, Souza-Machado, v.; Benoit, D.L. 1991. J.; Lincoln, S. 1991. A genetic map for e.; Gaunce, AP. 1991.Evidence for regional Propachlor and N-isopropylaniline residues Brassica napus based on restriction fragment differences in the response of in onions (Allium cepa) and organic soils. length polymorphisms (RFLP) detected with obliquebanded leafroller, Chonstoneura Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxico!. expressed DNA sequences. Genome rosaceana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) to sex 47(1):104--111. 34:543-552. pheromone blends. Environ. Entomo!. Cloutier, D.C.; Leblanc, M.; Marcotte, R Mailloux, G.; Bostanian, N.J. 1991. The 20:935-938. 1991. Inventaire des mauvaises herbes dans phenological development of strawberry Tremblay, N.; Perron, Y. 1991. Effets de la les pepinieres ornementales du Quebec. plants and its relation to tarnished plant bug fertilisation azotee et des conditions Phytoprotection 72:41-51. seasonal abundance. Adv. Strawberry Res. d'application de l'ethephon sur la de Oliveira, D.; Savoie, L.; Vincent, V. 1991. 10:30-36. productivite de la tomate de transformation Pollinators of cultivated strawberry in Masson, J.; Tremblay, N.; Gosselin, A 1990. cv. Heinz 2653. Can. J. Plant Sci. Quebec. Acta Hortic. 288:420--424. Effets de la fertilisation azotee sur la 71:1203-1209. Desjardins, Y.; Gagnon, B.; Gauthier, J.; croissance de transplants de tomate et de Tremblay, N.; Parent, L.E.; Gosselin, A Lamarre, M. 1991. La production de laitue cultives en plateaux multicellulaires 1990. Elaboration de normes DRIS transplants d'asperge au Quebec. Le avec ou sans eclairage d'appoint. Can. J. proviso ires pour des transplants de celeri. Producteur Plus 1(3):27-33. Plant Sci. 70(4):1199-1205. Phytoprotection 71(3):129-136. Gracia, J.A; Reeleder, RD.; Belair, G. Masson, J.; Tremblay, N.; Gosselin, A 1991. Vigneault, e.; Raghavan, G.S.V: 1991. High 1991. Interactions between Puthium Effects of nitrogen fertilization and HPS pressure water scrubber for O2 JPull-downin tracheiphilum, Meloidogyne hapla and supplementary lighting on vegetable controlled atmosphere storage ..Can. Agric. Pratylenchus penetrans on lettuce. transplant production. II. Yield. J. Am. Soc. Eng. 33(2):281-288. Phytoprotection 72:105-114. Hortic. Sci. 116(4):599-602. Vigneault, e.; Granger, RL.; Raghavan, Granger, RL.; Rousselle, G.L.; Meheriuk, Masson, J.; Tremblay, N.; Gosselin, A 1991. G.S.v. 1991. Mini-chambers for lab-scale M.; Quamme, H.A. 1991. Promising winter Nitrogen fertilization and HPS research on controlled atmosphere storage. hardy apple rootstocks from a breeding supplementary lighting influence vegetable .App!. Eng. Agric., ASAE, 7(5}:617-621. program at Morden, Manitoba. Fruit Var. J. transplant production. I. Transplant growth. Vigneault, e.; St-Amour, G.; Buckley, D.J. 45(3):185-187. J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 116(4):594--598. 1991. Use of a temperature integrator to Hudon, M.; Chiang, M.S. 1990. Evaluation Ogilvie, I.S.; Arnold, N.P.; Cloutier, D.e. control ice-making using cold outside air. of resistance of maize germplasm to the 1991. "Captain Samuel Holland" Rose. Can. Agric. Eng. 33(2):323-327. univoltine European corn borer Ostrinia HortScience 26(10):1344--1345. Vigneault, e.; Orsat, v.; Bourgeois, G.; nubilalis (Hubner) and relationship with Ogilvie, I.S.; Cloutier, D.e.; Arnold, N.P.; Granger, RL.; Groleau, Y. 1991.Tree trunk maize maturity in Quebec. Maydica 36:1-6. Jui, P.Y. 1991. The effect of gibberellic acid measuring device. Fruit Var. J. Hudon, M.; ... ; Hamilton, RI.; Bourgeois, on fruit and seed set in crosses of garden and 45(3):170-173. G.; et a!. 1991. Response of maize inbred winter hardy Rosa accessions. Euphytica Vincent, C.; Coderre, D., Ms. 1992. La lutte 52:119-123. lines to two European corn borer (Ostrinia biologique. Editions Gaetan Morin. 671 pp. nubilalis) strains in Canada. Phytoprotection Panneton, B.; Drummond, AM. 1991. Warmund, M.R; Ferree, D.e.; ... ; Granger, 72(2):69-76. Digital analysis of spray samples. App!. Eng. RL. 1991. Blackheart injury in "Starkspur Khanizadeh, S. 1991.Controlling temperature Agric. 7(2):273-278. Supreme Delicious" on nine rootstocks in by microcomputer. HortScience 26(5):607. Pelletier, J.-R; Fry, W.E. 1990. the 1980-81 NC-140 cooperative planting. Khanizadeh, S.; Buszard, D.; Lareau, M.J. Characterization of resistance to early blight Fruit Var. J. 45(4):219-223. 1991. Pedigree: a program to trace and draw in three potato cultivars: receptivity. Zhao, DX.; Boivin, G.; Stewart, RK. 1991. pedigree records. HortScience 26(8):1088. Phytopathology 80:361-366. Simulation model for the population Khanizadeh, S.; Buszard, D.; Lareau, M.J.; Racette, G.; Chouinard, G.; Vincent, C.; dynamics of the carrot weevil, Listronotus Pelletier, J.-R 1991. Evaluation of strawberry Hill, S.B. 1991. Activity of adult plum oregonensis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). cultivars with different degrees of resistance curculio (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on Can. Entomo!. 123:63-76. to red stele. Fruit Var. J. 45(1):12-17. apple trees in Spring. J. Econ. Entomo!. Zhao, DX.; Stewart, RK.; Boivin G. 1991. 84:1827-1832. Khanizadeh, S.; Lareau, M.J.; Buszard, D. Analysis of time-varying survjval rates of 1991. Pedigree: a program to trace and draw Rothwell, T.M.; Vigneault, C.; Southwell, Listronotus oregonensis (Coleoptera: family trees by microcomputer. HortScience P.H. 1991. Comparison of a pneumatic Curculionidae). Environ. Entomo!. 26(6):774. conveyor and a bucket elevator on an energy 20:1333-1343. and economic basis. Can. Agric. Eng. Zongo, J.O.; Vincent, c.; Stewart, RK. Lamarre, M.; Lareau, M.J. 1991. Influence 33(2):391-393. of winter protection on earliness of strawberry 1991. Monitoring the sorghum shoot fly, production. HortScience 26(5):480. Rothwell, T.M.; Vigneault, e.; Southwell, Atherigona soccata Rond. (Diptera: P.H. 1991. Hammermill drilled screen Muscidae) and related species in Burkina Lamarre, M.; Payette, S. 1991. La evaluation on an energy and economic basis. Faso. Trop. Pest Man. 37:231-235. fertilisation magnesienne du tabac a cigarette Can. Agric. Eng. 33(2):309-314. au Quebec. Can. J. Soil Sci. 71:355-362. 66 Saint.Jean-sur-Ric:helieu 1992 HARROW Research Station Station de recherches Research Branch Direction generale de la recherche Agriculture Canada Agriculture Canada Highway 18 Highway 18 Harrow, Ontario Harrow (Ontario) NOR IGO NOR IGO Tel. (519) 738-2251 Tel. Fax (519) 738-2929 Telecopie EM OTTB::EM344MAIL C.E. RfeSSional Staff R,sonnel professionnel Director D.R Menzies, Ph.D. Directeur Assistant Director AS. Hamill, Ph.D. Directeur adjoint Administrative Officer T.v. Carr Agent d'administration Scientific Support Soutien scientifique Computer Systems Manager J.B. Morand, B.Sc.(Agr.) Gestionnaire des systemes informatiques Librarian (seconded in) E. Champagne, M.L.S. Bibliothecaire (detache) Greenhouse energy engineering T.J. Jewett, M.Sc. Amenagement de I'energie dans les serres Biometrician N.M. Zariffa, M.Sc. Biometrie Crop Science Phytotechnie Section Head; Soybean physiology B.R Buttery, Ph.D. Chef de section; physiologie du soja Soybean breeding R!. Buzzell, Ph.D. Amelioration du soja Field crop genetics B.R Hedges, Ph.D. Genetique des grandes cultures Agronomy R Michelutti, M.Sc. Agronomie Field bean breeding S.J. Park, Ph.D. Amelioration des haricots de grande culture Winter wheat breeding AH. Teich, Ph.D. Amelioration du bled'hiver Agronomy T.w. Welacky, B.Sc.(Agr.) Agronomie Entomology Entomologie Section Head Vacant Chef de section Field vegetable insects D.W. Hunt, Ph.D. Insectes nuisibles aux cultures legumieres de plein champ Insect pests-greenhouse, field vegetable J.L. Shipp, Ph.D. Insectes nuisibles-serres, cultures legumieres de plein champ Horticultural Science Horticulture Section Head; Tree fruit RE.e. Layne, Ph.D. Chef de section; amelioration des arbres breeding fruitiers Vegetable cultivar--evaluation, RW. Garton, M.Sc. Cultures legumieres--evaluation, management regie des cultivars Orchard management D.M. Hunter, Ph.D. Regie des vergers Vegetable management A Liptay, Ph.D. Regie des cultures legumieres Greenhouse management AP. Papadopoulos, Ph.D. Regie des cultures de serres Vegetable breeding v.w. Poysa, Ph.D. Amelioration des cultures legumieres Plant Pathology Phytopathologie Section Head; Bacterial w.G. Bonn, Ph.D. Chef de section; maladies bacteriennes diseases of fruit des cultures fruitieres Soybean and corn diseases T.R Anderson, Ph.D. Maladies du mals et du soja Bacterial diseases of vegetables B.N. Dhanvantari, Ph.D. Maladies bacteriennes des cultures legumieres Vegetable diseases W.R Jarvis, Ph.D. Maladies des cultures legumieres Tree fruit diseases J.A Traquair, Ph.D. Maladies des arbres fruitiers Tomato and bean diseases J.e. Tu, Ph.D. Maladies des tomates et des haricots Harrow 1992 67 Soil and Weed Science Malherbologie et pedologie Section Head; Weed science A.S. Hamill, Ph.D. Chef de section; malherbologie Soil biochemistry eE Drury, Ph.D. Biochimie des sols Environmental chemistry J.D. Gaynor, Ph.D. Chimie de I'environnement Soil moisture, agrometeorology es. Tan, Ph.D. Regime hydrique du sol, agrometeorologie Weed ecology S.E. Weaver, Ph.D. Ecologie des mauvaises herbes Weed physiology L. Woodrow, Ph.D. Physiologie des mauvaises herbes Mndate The Harrow Research Station develops HR14 matures early; HR20 matures late. averages for glass, double polyethylene, and methods for improving the productivity of Both lines are high yielding but lack good double acrylic of 60%, 70%, and 75%, • vegetables cooking quality owing to their soft texture. respectively. Energy use was significantly • oilseed and protein seed crops Oilseeds A new soybean gene for reduced (28%) using double polyethylene or • soft white winter wheat resistance to Phytophthora root rot has been double acrylic compared to glass. We • grain corn obtained from the unadapted Nezumisaya realized significant energy savings with the • tree fruits. cultivar from Japan. The allele, use of low DAT and NAT (15% and 12%, In addition, it develops new Rps?(Nezumisaya), provides an alternative respectively). management. practices for fine-textured source of resistance to prevalent races in Tree fruits In a 10-year experiment three soils. . Ontario. In addition, resistance to seed mold Harrow rootstock selections and two caused by Phomopsis has been obtained Chinese introductions (Chui Lum Tao, Tzim Achievements from Nezumisaya. This resistance will make Pee Tao) performed better overall than Cereals A new soft white winter wheat it possible to develop Phomopsis-resistant . standard commercial peach rootstocks on cultivar, AC Ron, has been bred and is being soybean cultivars for Canada. nonirrigated Fox sand under conventional registered. It yields 7.2% more than the Economic thresholds were determined orchard management. The Chinese stocks currently recommended cultivars in Ontario. for velvetleaf, cocklebur, jimsonweed, and are now in limited commercial trials. The The potential increase in productivity is green foxtail in Ontario soybean fields. Harrow selections have been chosen for estimated to be worth $7.2 million per These thresholds provide guidelines as to inclusion in an NC-140 peach rootstock annum. when the use of a postemergence herbicide experiment to be conducted in Canada and the United States in 1994. Staff have developed instruments that is economically justified. As a management automatically measure and sample surface tool, they help to reduce the use of Star Fruit Nurseries, the exclusive agent runoff and subsurface drainage in field herbicides. for Harrow stone fruit introductions in the experimental plots. They have installed an Field vegetables Two lines, identified from European Economic Community, applied to automatic system at the Harrow Research interspecific crosses between tomato and the French government for the patenting facility at Woodslee, Ont., to assess surface Lycopersicon cheesmanii or L. chmielewskii, and protection of Harval apricot on behalf and ground water contamination from had 10-15% higher levels of total and of Agriculture Canada. This cultivar was pesticide and nutrient use in agriculture. soluble solids and Brix yields than the introduced to the Canadian fruit industry in This system is to develop soil and crop commercial check. These lines produced 1989. management systems of corn production to fruit similar in size to that of the check The study of a computer-based system abate nitrogen and pesticide transport from cultivar. This material shows important for forecasting disease showed that it was agricultural practices. potential for significantly improving the level effective in identifying periods of high risk Beans The black bean cultivar AC of tomato solids that can be produced per for the fire blight disease. The use of this Harblack was registered in April 1991. A hectare. computer program combined with a limited amount of breeder seed was Greenhouse vegetables A new complex of streptomycin spray control program reduced distributed to select seed growers. AC nine minigreenhouses was used to evaluate blossom and shoot blights by 99% and 96%, Harblack is a medium-maturing erect plant glass, double-inflated polyethylene, and rigid respectively in a susceptible apple orchard. type with improved yield potential. twin-wall acrylic panel as greenhouse covers. Resources Compared to T-39, it matures 2-3 days Cucumbe,r yield and energy use were earlier and has higher yield potential by measured under three day air temperatures The station complement of 109person-years about 100 kglha. It has improved resistance (DAT) and three night air temperatures includes 30 researchers. Field operations to anthracnose disease. The cooked bean has (NAT). Early marketable yields of cultivar occur at three locations: the main station a firm texture. Corona, wrapped in rockwool was highest at and Ridge Farm cover 131 and 21 ha, Tho lines of white bean germplasm, the 18/18 and 18/20°C DAT/NAT respectively, of representative sandy loam HR14 and HR20, were released. These lines combinations. Final marketable yield was soils; the Hon. E.E Whelan Experimental are semideterminate and have an upright highest at 18°C DAT regardless of NAT. Farm is located in the centre of Essex County on 67 ha of Brookston clay soil. plant type with high podding nodes and Yield differences as a result of the narrow canopy. These characteristics make greenhouse cover were insignificant. There The station shares office and laboratory them suitable for use in developing cultivars were also consistent differences in space with extension specialists of Ontario's for solid seeding and direct combining. greenhouse air relative humidity with daily Ministry of Agriculture and Food, which 68 Harrow 1992 provides opportunities for close portees haut et a la forme etroite sont de respectivement, pour Ie verre, Ie collaboration and effective transfer of bons candidats pour Ie service en culture polyethylene et l'acrylique. On a pu realiser technology to the agricultural industry. dense et pour Ie moissonnage-battage direct. des economies considerables d'energie Le HR14 est hatif; Ie HR20, tardif. Les deux (28 %) en utilisant la double feuille de • lignees possedent un rendement eleve mais, polyethylene ou la double paroi d'acrylique, en raison de leur tendrete excessive elles se plutot que Ie verre. Des economies Mndat pretent mal a la cuisson. considerables d'energie (15 et 12 %, respectivement) ont egalement ete obtenues La Station de recherches de Harrow elabore Oleagineux Un nouveau gene de soja pour des TD et TN basses. des methodes afin d'ameliorer la la resistance au phytophtoriose des racines a a productivite des cultures suivantes : ete obtenu du cultivar japonais inadapte Arbres fruitiers Trois selections de • legumes Nezumisaya. L'alleIe, Rps?(Nezumisaya), porte-greffes de Harrow et deux • oleagineux et proteagineux fournit une source de resistance de rechange introductions de Chine (Chui Lum Tao, • ble blanc tendre d'hiver aux races predominant en Ontario. En outre, Tzim Pee Tao) utilisees dans une experience • mals grain la resistance a la moisissure phomopseenne de 10 ans se sont mieux comportees dans • fruits d'especes arborescentes. des semences a ete obtenue du Nezumisaya, l'ensemble que les porte-greffes standards ce qui rendra possible la mise au point de de pecher du commerce sur du sable non De plus, l'equipe de la station elabore cultivars resistants au Phomopsis pour Ie irrigue de Fox, en regime ordinaire de de nouvelles methodes de gestion des sols de Canada. texture fine. conduite des vergers. Les porte-greffes On a determine les seuils economiques chinois sont maintenant eprouves dans des Realisations d'intervention dans les champs de soja de essais commerciaux limites, tandis que les selections Harrow ont ete choisies pour faire Cerl!ales Un nouveau cultivar de ble tendre I'Ontario a l'egard de l'abutilon, de la partie d'une experience sur des porte-greffes et blanc d'hiver, AC Ron, a ete selectionne. lampourde, de la stramoine commune et de de pecher NC-140, qui aura lieu au Canada Maintenant au stade de l'homologation, ce la setaire verte. Ces seuils donnent une et aux Etats-Unis en 1994. cultivar fournit un rendement qui depasse de indication du moment ou l'emploi d'un 7,2 % celui des cultivars actuellement herbicide de postlevee est economiquement Les pepinieres Star Fruit, agents recommandes en Ontario. L'augmentation justifie et, en tant qu'outil de gestion ils exclusifs pour les introductions de fruits a eventuelle de la productivite est estimee a aident a reduire l'emploi des herbicides. noyau dans la Communaute economique 7,2 millions de dollars par annee. Legumes de plein champ Deux lignees e~ropeenne, ont fait une demande aupres de I'Etat frangais pour l'obtention d'un brevet On a mis au point des instruments pour obtenues de croisements entre la tom ate et et la protection de l'abricot Harval, au nom l'echantillonnage et la mesure automatique Ie Lycopersicon cheesmanii ou Ie L. d'Agriculture Canada. Ce cultivar a ete du ruissellement de surface et du drainage chmielewskii ont ete identifiees. Elles presente l'industrie fruitiere canadienne souterrain dans des parcelles experimentales. possedaient une teneur en matieres solubles a en 1989. PiU ailleurs, l'installation d'un systeme totales ainsi qu'un rendement Brix automatique, dans l'immeuble de recherche superieurs de 10 a 15 % relativement aux L'etude d'un systeme de prevision des de Woodslee (Ontario), permet d'evaluer la temoins de cultures industrielles. Le calibre maladies assistee par ordinateur a montre contamination des eaux de surface et des des fruits de ces lignees Mait semblable a que ce dernier etait efficace dans eaux souterraines par les pesticides et les celui des cultivars temoins. Ce materiel l'identification des periodes de risque eleve elements nutritifs utilises en agriculture. Ce promet une amelioration considerable du pour la bnllure bacterienne. L'emploi de ce systeme facilite la mise au point de methodes rendement en matieres solides a I'hectare. programme, allie a un programme de lutte de gestion des sols et de conduite des Legumes de se"e Un nouveau complexe de par pulverisation de streptomycine, a permis cultures en malsiculture, susceptibles de neuf mini-serres a servi a evaluer Ie verre, de reduire la bnllure des fleurs et des reduire Ie transport de l'azote et des une double couche gonflee de polyethylene pousses, respectivement, de 99 et de 96 % pesticides attribuables aux pratiques et un panneau acrylique rigide a double dans une pommeraie vulnerable. agricoles. paroL On a egalement mesure Ie rendement Ressources Haricots Un cultivar de haricot noir, AC du concombre et la consommation d'energie Harblack, a ete enregistre en avril 1991. Un lorsque cette culture etait soumise a trois La station dispose de 109 annees-personnes peu de semences du selectionneur ont ete temperatures diurnes (TD) et nocturnes et compte 30 chercheurs. Le travail en plein distribuees a certains producteurs de (TN) de l'air. Le rendement des primeurs du champ s'effectue dans trois localites. La semences. L'AC Harblack est un haricot a cultivar Corona, enveloppees dans la laine station ainsi que la Ferme Ridge, constituees port dresse, de mi-saison et dont Ie potentiel de roche a ete maximal aux combinaisons principalement de loams sableux, couvrent de rendement est ameliore. II est de 2 a TDfTN de 18/18 et de 18/20 °C tandis que Ie une superficie respective de 131 et de 21 ha. 3 jours plus hatif, et son rendement est rendement marchand final a ete maximal a La Ferme experimentale E.P. Whelan est superieur d'environ 100 kglha. II possede 18°C pendant Ie jour independamment de situee dans Ie centre de la circonscription une resistance amelioree a l'anthracnose. II la temperature nocturne. Les differences de d'Essex, sur 67 ha de sol argileux de donne un grain ferme a la cuisson. rendement attribuables aux materiaux Brookston. precites ont ete insignifiantes. Les ecarts Deux lignees genetiques de haricot La station partage ses bureaux et d'humidite relative de l'air des serres ont blanc de croissance, semi-determinees, et de laboratoires avec les specialistes de la egalement ete constants, soit une moyenne port dresse, HR14 et HR20, ont ete mises vulgarisation du ministere de l'Agriculture journaliere de 60, de 70 et de 75 %, dans Ie commerce. Ces lignees aux gousses et de l'Alimentation de I'Ontario. Ainsi, les Harrow 1992 69 occasions de collaboration etroite et de Gaynor, J.D. 1992. Microbial hydrolysis of Park, S.J.; Buttery, RR 1992. transferts efficaces de techniques vers Ie diclofop-methyl in soil. Soil BioI. Biochem. Ethyl-methane sulphonate (EMS) induced secteur agricole sont multipliees. 24:29-32. nodulation mutants of common bean Hedges, RR; Palmer, RG. 1991. Tests of (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) lacking effective • linkage of isozyme loci with five primary nodules. Plant Soil 135:255-258. trisomies in soybean (Glycine max [L.] Poysa, V.W 1991.Rate of fruit development, Research Publications Merr.). J. Hered. 82:494-496. leaf growth, and earliness in de:terminate Publications de recherche Hermanutz, L.A; Weaver, S.E. 1991. tomatoes. Can. J. Plant Sci. 71:J211-1218. , Ablett, G.R; Beversdorf, WD.; Dirks, V.A Germination and growth of Solanum Roberts, D.W.; Fuxa, J.R; ...; Jaques, R; et 1991. Rowwidth and seeding rate ptycanthum and Solanum sarrachoides. Can. al. 1991. Use of pathogens in insect control. performance of indeterminate, J. Plant Sci. 71:167-174. Pages 243-278 in Handbook of pest semideterminate, and determinate soybean. management in agriculture, 2nd ed., vol. 2. J. Prod. Agric. 4:391-395. Hermanutz, L.A; Weaver, S.E. 1991. Variability in temperature-dependent Pimental, D., ed. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Buttery, RR; Gibson, AH. 1990.The effect germination in the weed, eastern black Fla. of nitrate on the time curse of nitrogen nightshade (Solanum ptycanthum). Can. J. Schaafsma, AW; Whitfield, G.H.; Ellis, fixation and growth in Pisum sativum and Bot. 69:1463-1470. e.R 1991.A temperature-dept:ndent model Viciafaba. Plant Soil 127:143-146. Hunt, D.WA; Raffa, K.E 1991. Orientation of egg development of the wesltern corn Buzzell, RI.; Anderson, T.R; Hamill, AS.; of Hylobius pales and Pachylobius picivorus rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera Welacky, T.W 1991. Harovinton soybean. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) to visual cues. Leconte (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Can. Can. J. Plant Sci. 71:525-526. Great Lakes Entomologist 24:225-229. Entomol. 123:1183-1197. Cousens, R; Weaver, S.E.; Martin, T.D.; et Jarvis, WR; Belanger, RR 1990.Biological Shen, e.E; De Man, L.; Buzzel1,RI.; De al. 1991. Dynamics of competition between control of powdery mildews in cucumbers Man, J.M. 1991. Yield and quality of tofu as wild oats (Avenafatua L.) and winter and roses. US Dep. Agric., Agric. Res. Servo affected by soybean and soymiRk cereals. Weed Res. 31:203-210. Publ. 92:86--99. characteristics: glucono-delta-lactone coagulant. J. Food Sci. 56:109-112. Drury, e.E; Beauchamp, E.G. 1991. Judd, G.J.R.; Whitfield, G.H.; Maw, H.E.L. Ammonium fixation, release, nitrification, 1991. Temperature-dependent development Shipp, J.L.; Whitfield, G.H. 199'1.Functional and immobilization in high- and low-fixing and phenology of pepper maggots (Diptera: response of the predatory mite, Amblyseius soils. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 55:125-129. Tephritidae) associated with pepper and cucumeris (Acari: Phytoseiidae), on western Drury, e.E; Findlay, WI.; McKenney, D.J. horsenettle. Environ. Entomol. 20:22-29. flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). Environ. 1991. Oxygen inhibition of denitrification in Keen, N.T.; Buzzell, R.I. 1991. New disease chloroform fumigated and non-fumigated Entomol. 20:694-699. resistance genes in soybean against soil. Soil BioI. Biochem. 23:711-715. Pseudomonas syringae pv glycinae: evidence Shipp, J.L.; Zariffa, N. 1991. Spatial patterns Drury, e.E; McKenney, D.J.; Findlay, WI. that one of them interacts with a bacterial of and sampling methods for western flower 1991. Relationships between denitrification, elicitor. Theor. Appl. Genet. 81:133-138. thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on microbial biomass and indigenous soil greenhouse sweet pepper. Can. Entomol. Layne, RE.e. 1991. 'Harblaze' nectarine. 123:989-1000. properties. Soil BioI. Biochem. 12:751-755. HortScience 26:425-427. Shipp, J.L.; Boland, G.J.; Shaw, L.A 1991. Drury, e.E; Stone, J.A; Findlay, WI. 1991. Layne, RE.e. 1991. 'Harval' apricot. Microbial biomass and soil structure Integrated pest management of disease and HortScience 26:424-425. associated with corn, grasses, and legumes. arthropod pests of greenhouse vegetable Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 55:805-811. Papadopoulos, AP.; Ormrod, D.E 1991. crops in Ontario: current status and future Plant spacing effects on growth and possibilities. Can. J. Plant Sci. 71:887-914. Drury, e.E; Voroney, RP.; Beauchamp, development of the greenhouse tomato. Stone, J.A 1991. Core sampling technique E.G. 1991. Availability of NRt +-N to Can. J. Plant Sci. 71:297-304. microorganisms and the soil internal N cycle. for bulk density and porosity determination Soil BioI. Biochem. 23:165-169. Papadopoulos, AP.; Tan, e.S. 1991. on a clay loam soil. Soil & Tillage Res. Irrigation of greenhouse tomatoes grown in 21:377-383. Fortin, M.-e.; Pierce, EJ. 1991. Timing and "Harrow" peat-bags. Can. J. Plant Sci. Tan, C.S.; Layne, RE.e. 1991. Soil water nature of mulch retardation of corn 71:947-949. vegetative development. Agron. J. content and stomatal conductance in a 83:258-263. Park, S.J. 1991. Harowood common bean. mature peach orchard as influenced by Can. J. Plant Sci. 71:1143-1145. various irrigation regimes. Can. J. Soil Sci. Fortin, M.-e.; Poff, K.L. 1991. 71:253-258. Characterization of thermotropism in Park, S.J. 1991. Shetland common bean. primary roots of maize: dependence on Can. J. Plant Sci. 71:1147-1149. Traquair, J.A; Kokko, E.G.; Moskaluk, E.R. 1991. Ultrastructure of basidiospore temperature and temperature gradient, and Park, S.J.; Tu, J.e. 1991. Inheritance and germination and development of intrasporal interaction with gravitropism. Plants allelism of resistance to a severe strain of hyphae in the snow mold, Coprinus 184:410-414. bean yellow mosaic virus in common bean. psychromorbidus. Can. J. Microbiol. Can. J. Plant Pathol. 13:7-10. 37:697-702. 70 Harrow 1992 Tu, J.e. 1990. Effect of soil pH on pea root rots, yield and soil biology. Meded. Fac. Landbouwwet. Rijksuniv. Gent 55:827-834. Tu, J.e. 1990. Etiology and epidemiology of a new anthracnose of bean caused by Glomerella cingulata in Ontario, Canada. Meded. Fac. Landbouwwet. Rijksuniv. Gent 55:843-850. Tu, J.e. 1991. A new stem blight anthracnose of bean in southwestern Ontario. Biomed. Lett. 46:17-21. Th, J.e.; Thn, e.S. 1991. Effect of soil compaction on growth, yield and root rots of white beans in clay loam and sandy loam soil. Soil BioI. Biochem. 23:233-238. Weaver, S.B. 1991. Size-dependent economic thresholds for three broadleaf weed species in soybeans. Weed Technol. 5:674-679. Harrow 1992 71 KAPUSKASING Ferme experimentale Experimental Farm Direction generale de la recherche Research Branch Agriculture Canada Agriculture Canada Kapuskasing (Ontario) Kapuskasing, Ontario P5N2X9 P5N2X9 Tel. (705) 335-6148 Tel. Telecopie (705) 337-6000 Fax c.E. OTTB::AG3460000 EM R,sonnel professionnel Rfessional Staff Surintendant G.L. Roy, Ph.D. Superintendent Agente d'administration M. Baron Administrative Officer Production animale Animal Production Specialiste en production bovine R. Berthiaume, B.Sc.A. Beef management Specialiste en piantes fourrageres C. Lafreniere, M.Sc. Forage management Biologiste, cultures annuelles D. Ouellet, B.Sc. Annual Crop Biologist Thunder Bay Thunder Bay Ferme experimentale Experimental Farm Direction generale de la recherche Research Branch Agriculture Canada Agriculture Canada C.P. 158, Succursale "F" P.O. Box 158, Postal Station "F" Route #130, Thin City Crossroads Highway #130, Twin City Crossroads Thunder Bay (Ontario) Thunder Bay, Ontario P7C 4V8 P7C4V8 Tel. (807) 939-2523 Tel. Telecopie (807) 939-1033 Fax c.E. OTTB::EM341MAIL EM Regisseur J. Wilson Superintendent Mndat La Ferme experimentale de Kapuskasing augmentation du rem placement des Plantes fou"ageres La production poursuit des recherches specialement pour follicules de taille moyenne, mais toute fourragere a deux coupes de 45 melanges de les regions nordiques de I'Ontario et du augmentation absolue a ete limitee par une legumineuses et de graminees a ete evaluee Quebec sur plus grande degenerescence des foIlicules. pendant 5 ans. La productiviW des melanges • les nouvelles methodes de production L'ajout d'acides amines proteges a des a base de graminees a ete superieure a celIe des melanges base de luzerne ou de lotier. bovine ensilages de graminees a augmente de 16,3 % a • la production et l'utilisation des fourrages. la croissance des bouvillons, sans affecter la Pour obtenir de bons rendements dans une consommation. Les niveaux plasmatiques de exploitation a deux coupes, il est donc La Ferme experimentale de Thunder necessaire de fournir une bonne fertilisation Bay poursuit des travaux sur l'adaptation des certains acides amines supportent ces augmentations de performance. azotee pour les compos antes graminees. Si plantes fourrageres ainsi que sur la les conditions de drainage et d'implantation multiplication des pommes de terre. On a compare deux methodes de sont favorables, la luzerne peut persister conservation de graminees sous forme pendant 5 ans et contribuer a plus de 40 % Realisations d'ensilage soit en silo-meule ou en balles du rendement. Le lotier s'est avere une Beeuf Les effets de la gonadoliberine sur Ie rondes. La croissance des animaux a ete legumineuse peu vigoureuse. Le trefle rouge fonctionnement de l'ovaire des vaches de semblable, mais la consommation de matiere et Ie trefle alsike se sont comportes comme boucherie ont fait l'objet d'une etude seche a ete plus elevee pour l'ensilage de des bisannuelles qui donnent apres la microscopique. La reponse a l'hormone balles rondes. L'efficacite alimentaire de deuxieme annee des melanges a base de stimulante a ete sembi able chez les vaches l'ensilage de silo-meule a ete de 20 % graminees. cycliques et acycliques. II y a eu une superieure. 72 Kapuskasing 1992 La Ferme de Thunder Bay participe au Mndate Potatoes A nonwoven plastic floating reseau d'essai des piantes fourrageres pour The Kapuskasing Experimental Farm mulch had no effect on yield, size, maturity, l'Ontario tandis que la Ferme de conducts research specifically for the and specific gravity of tubers from five Kapuskasing, en plus de participer a celui de northern areas of Ontario and Quebec on potato cultivars. The cover hastened their I'Ontario, participe au reseau du Conseil des • new methods of beef production emergence by 4 days. This kind of mulch was productions vegetales du Quebec. Grace a • the production and uses of forages. not well suited to this crop under the Nordic ces essais, on a pu faire homologuer ou conditions encountered. recommander plus de 15 cultivars. The Thunder Bay Experimental Farm carries out work on the adaptation of forage The Thunder Bay farm participates in Pommes de terre Une couverture flottante crops and the multiplication of potatoes. the Ontario program on the multiplication en polypropylene non tisse n'a pas eu d'effet of 113 potato cultivars for the Elite 1,2, and sur Ie rendement et la grosseur, la maturite Achievements 3. About 5 t of tubers selected from Elite et la den site relative des tubercules de 2 and 3 were sent to Guelph for distribution Beef cattle The ovaries of beef cows treated 5 cultivars de pomme de terre. La bache a to cooperators. Fifty-five cultivars at the with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone hate l'emergence de 4 jours. Ce type de pre-Elite level coming from Vancouver were were studied microscopically. The couverture n'est peut-etre pas la mieux multiplied for future submission to the stimulating hormone produced similar adaptee cette culture etant donne Ie climat Ontario regional network trial. The 57 clones a effects on both cyclic and acyclic cows. The nordique qu'elle a subi. and cultivars submitted to the Winnipeg turnover rate of medium-size follicles laboratory were exempt from bacterial wilt. La Ferme de Thunder Bay a participe increased, but further growth was limited by Certification was granted to all the material au programme ontarien de multiplication de a higher rate of degeneration of the follicles. 113 cultivars de pomme de terre pour les subject to the multiplication program. Three The supplementation of grass silage generations Elite 1, 2 et 3. On a expedie of the 19 clones taking part in the a . with protected amino acids increased the Guelph pour etre distribuees aux identification of lines suitable for chipping growth rate of steers by 16.3% without cooperateurs environ 5 t de tubercules after a low-temperature storage gave affecting intake. Thus efficiency was selectionnes parmi les Elite 2 et 3. On a promising results. improved. The increases in performance multiplie 55 cultivars du niveau Pre-elite en were supported by differences in plasmatic Resources provenance de Vancouver pour les levels of certain amino acids. soumettre eventuellement au reseau The Kapuskasing Experimental Farm leases regional d'essai de l'Ontario. Les 57 clones Heap silo and round bale were two property to the Ontario Ministry of et cultivars soumis au laboratoire de ensiling methods used for conserving grasses Agriculture and Food for the county Winnipeg etaient exempts de fl€trissure as a forage. Gain of animals was similar but agricultural representative. Two biologists bacterienne et une certification a ete emise a dry matter intake was higher for animals fed are in the offices of the Quebec Ministry of tout Ie materiel assujetti au programme de round-bale silage. Feed efficiency was 20% Agriculture, Fisheries and Food in multiplication. Trois des 19 clones faisant better with heap silage. Rouyn-Noranda. These two agreements partie du test de materiel gen€tique Forage crops The forage production from a make for close cooperation between the convenable aux croustilles apres un two-cut system of 45 legume-grass mixtures various representatives from the federal entreposage a basse temperature ont donne was measured over 5 years. The productivity government and the two provinces. It also des resultats prometteurs. of mixtures where grasses predominate was facilitates the transfer of technology. superior to those where alfalfa or trefoil The farm operates an experimental Ressources predominate. To obtain good results in a site at Thunder Bay. The two sites comprise La Ferme experimentale de Kapuskasing two-cut system, good nitrogen fertilization 435 ha. There is a staff complement of loue des locaux au ministere de I'Agriculture was needed for the grass component of the 32 person-years, including 4 professionals. de I'Ontario pour loger I'agronome du mixture. Where drainage and establishment comte. Deux biologistes occupent des were favorable, alfalfa could persist up to • bureaux au ministere de I'Agriculture, des 5 years and contribute more than 40% of the Peches et de l'Alimentation du Quebec a yield. Trefoil was reckoned to be not too Rblication de recherche Rouyn-Noranda. Ces deux ententes aggressive. Both red and alsike clover Research Publication permettent une collaboration €troite entre behaved as biennials. After the 2nd year, the Veira, D.M.; Seoane, J.R.; Proulx, J.G. 1991. les divers intervenants du federal et des deux mixtures had become predominantly grasses. Utilization of grass silage by growing cattle: provinces et assurent Ie transfert efficace de The Thunder Bay farm participates in effect of a supplement containing rumen techniques vers Ie secteur agricole. the forage crop trial network for Ontario. protected amino acids. J. Anim. Sci. La ferme exploite un site experimental The Kapuskasing farm participates in the 69:4703-4709. a Thunder Bay. La superficie des deux forage crop network of the Conseil des emplacements est de 435 ha. La ferme Productions Vegetales du Quebec and also emploie quatre professionnels et dispose de in the equivalent group for Ontario. These 32 annees-personnes. trials led to the registration and • recommendation of more than 15 cultivars . Kapuskasing 1992 73 LONDON Research Centre Centre de recherches Research Branch Direction generale de la recherche Agriculture Canada Agriculture Canada 1400 Western Road 1400, chemin Western London, Ontario London (Ontario) N6G2V4 N6G2V4 Tel. (519) 645-4452 Tel. Fax (519) 645-4085 Telecopie EM OTTB::EM280MAIL c.E. RfeSSional Staff R,sonnel professionnel Director C.F. Marks, Ph.D. Directeur Administrative Officer J.A Coleman Agent d'administration Assistant Administrative Officer T. Thatcher Agent d'administration adjoint Scientific Support Soutien scientifique Librarian (seconded in) D.E.H. Drew, M.L.S. Bibliothecaire (detache) Entomology Entomologie Section Head; Chemistry-natural products AN. Starratt, Ph.D. Chef de section; chimie-produits naturels Biochemistry c.J. Bolter, Ph.D. Biochimie Soil physical chemistry B.T. Bowman, Ph.D. Physico-chimie des sols Analytical organic chemistry RA Chapman, Ph.D. Chimie organique et analytique Insect physiology D.G.R McLeod, Ph.D. Physiologie des insectes Neurochemistry RW Steele, Ph.D. Neurochimie Applied entomology J.H. Tolman, Ph.D. Entomologie appliquee Pesticide ecology AD. Tomlin, Ph.D. Pesticides-ecologie Insect toxicology SA. Turnbull, M.Sc. Toxicologie-insecticides Insect biochemistry A Vardanis, Ph.D. Biochimie des insectes Insect rearing J. Whistlecraft, B.Sc. Elevage des insectes Pathology Pathologie Section Head; Plant E.WB. Ward, Ph.D. Chef de section; pathology-phytoalexins phytopathologie-phytoalexines Phytobacteriology-molecular genetics D.A. Cuppels, Ph.D. Phytobacteriologie-gen6tique moleculaire Molecular biology-fungi K.F. Dobinson, Ph.D. Biologie moleculaire-champignons Plant biochemistry M.R Gijzen, Ph.D. Biochimie des vegetaux Biochemistry RM. Krupka, Ph.D. Biochimie Plant pathology-soilborne G. Lazarovits, Ph.D. Phytopathologie-maladies d'origine diseases tellurique Microbial biochemistry, pathology C. Madhosingh, Ph.D. Biochimie, pathologie des micro-organismes Microbiology C.M. Tu, Ph.D. Microbiologie Delhi Delhi Research Station Station de recherches Research Branch Direction generale de la recherche Agriculture Canada Agriculture Canada Schafer Road, P.O. Box 186 Chemin Schafer, c.P. 186 Delhi, Ontario Delhi (Ontario) N4B2W9 N4B2W9 Tel. (519) 582-1950 TeL Fax (519) 582-4223 Telecopie EM OTTB::EM343MAIL c.E. 74 l.ondon. 1992 Acting Director WA Court, Ph.D. Directeur interimaire Administrative Officer E.G. Ashby Agent d'administration Scientific Support Soutien scientifique Librarian (seconded in) RI. Duff, M.L.S. Bibliothecaire (detache) Crop Production Production des cultures Soil science, nutrition RP. Beyaert, B.Sc.(Agr.) Pedologie et nutrition Genetics, plant breeding J.E. Brandle, Ph.D. Genetique, amelioration des piantes Chemistry WA Court, Ph.D. Chimie Plant pathology RD. Reeleder, Ph.D. Phytopathologie Agronomy L.B. Reynolds, B.Sc.(Agr.) Agronomie Plant physiology N. Rosa, Ph.D. Physiologie vegetale Agronomy RC Roy, M.Sc. Agronomie Weed science B.P. Zilkey, Ph.D. Malherbologie Vineland Vineland Research Station Station de recherches Research Branch Direction generale de la recherche Agriculture Canada Agriculture Canada 4902 Victoria Avenue North, P.O. Box 6000 4902, avenue Victoria Nord, CP. 6000 Vineland Station, Ontario Vineland Station (Ontario) LOR2EO LOR2EO Tel. (416) 562-4113 Tel. Fax (416) 562-4335 Telecopie EM VINERA::DIRECTOR CE. Director G. Poushinsky Directeur Assistant Director J.W Potter, Ph.D. Directeur adjoint Program Leader; Ornamentals WR Allen, Ph.D. Directeur de programme; plantes ornementales Program Leader; Vegetables AB. Stevenson, Ph.D. Directeur de programme; legumes Program Leader; Tree fruits RM. Trimble, Ph.D. Directeur de programme; arbres fruitiers Administrative Officer G.R Ford Agent d'administration Scientific Support Soutien scientifique Librarian (seconded in) S. Alder, M.L.I.S. Bibliothecaire (detache) Mathematics and computing J. Yee, Ph.D. Mathematiques et informatique Entomology Entomologie Ornamental entomology AB. Broadbent, Ph.D. Entomologie-plantes ornementales Fruit pest management EAC Hagley, Ph.D. Gestion des ennemis des cult°ures fruitieres Toxicology D.J. Pree, Ph.D. Toxicologie Vegetable pest management AB. Stevenson, Ph.D. Gestion des ennemis des cultures legumieres Acarology H.M.A Thistlewood, Ph.D. Acarologie Bioclimatology RM. Trimble, Ph~D. Bioclimatologie Nematology and Chemistry Nematologie et chimie Residue chemistry M. Chiba, Ph.D. Chimie des residus Chemistry B.D. McGarvey, M.Sc. Chimie Host-parasite relations Th.HA Olthof, Ph.D. Relations h6tes-parasites Nematode ecology-:.chemical control J.W Potter, Ph.D. Ecologie des nematodes-lutte chimique Plant Pathology Phytopathologie Fruit and soilborne viruses WR Allen, Ph.D. Virus transmis par les fruits et Ie sol Vegetable diseases RP. Cerkauskas, Ph.D. Maladies des cultures legumieres Fruit mycology J. Northover, Ph.D. Mycologie-<:ultures fruitieres Vegetable mycology AA Reyes, Ph.D. Mycologie-<:ultures legumieres Grapevine viruses L.W Stobbs, Ph.D. Virus de la vigne London 1992 75 Smithfield Smithfield Experimental Farm Ferme experimentale Research Branch Direction generale de la recherche Agriculture Canada Agriculture Canada Lafferty Road, P.O. Box 340 Chemin Lafferty, c.P. 340 Trenton, Ontario Trenton (Ontario) K8V 5R5 K8V5R5 Tel. (613) 392-3527 Tel. Fax (613) 392-0359 Telecopie EM OTTB::EM348MAIL C.E. Superintendent; Pomology S.R. Miller, Ph.D. Regisseur; pomologie Curator M. Luffman, M.Sc. Conservateur Tomato breeding J.G. Metcalf Amelioration genetique de la tomate Pomology J. Warner, M.Sc. Pomologie LONDON London, Ont., on adjacent conventional- several generations on eggs and larvae of (CT) and no-tillage (NT) plots. Studies CPB. Tests indicated that P. bioculatus can Mndate continue. Runoff volumes were generally control CPB, if introduced at the proper greater from CT than from NT plots, which time and in sufficient numbers. The London Research Centre develops suggests that NT may be more porous. alternative and environmentally acceptable Microbial populations adapt quickly to Sediment losses were five- to ten-fold pest control procedures. These controls, metabolize some pesticides, which results in greater from CT plots than from NT plots. based on rational biological principles, will these compounds disappearing rapidly from In both types of tillage high prior soil replace or significantly reduce current the soil(enhanced degradation). We examined moisture increased herbicide losses when pesticide use. The centre also studies the the potential for typical application rates of rain closely followed herbicide application. impact of pesticides on soil and water controlled release formulations of carbosulfan NT produced much less soil erosion than quality. and carbofuran to maintain an insecticide CT; however, water infiltration on the NT concentration in soil yet remain below the Achievements plots increased. level required for adaptation. However, soils Environmental sustainability After 2 years, Pest management Diamondback moth treated with these formulations. adapted a detailed study of transition from (Plutella xylostella L.), a serious pest of quickly and we could find no measurable conventional to organic vegetable crucifer crops, is becoming an increasingly levels of insecticide. Thus a change to a production has shown the following trends: difficult pest to manage. Insecticide-resistant controlled release formulation would not be • Marketable yields are about 20% higher strains may be introduced early in the a viable alternative for overcoming the on conventional than on organic plots, growing season on transplants imported enhanced degradation phenomenon. probably because available soil nutrients from the southeastern United States. A Molecular mechanisms o/pest control DNA in the organic plots have declined. strain from Quebec was found to have not coding for insect neuropeptides or enzymes only extremely high levels of resistance to • With the exception of sweet corn, the introduced into baculoviruses may provide a pyrethroid insecticides used for the control costs of pest control are higher in organic highly specific, environmentally sound plots, largely from the expense of manual of this pest but also cross- resistance to means of controlling insect pests. Neutrolin weed control in herbicide-free plots. compounds not yet used in the field. A and B, two peptides that inhibit the action Resistance to permethrin was detected in • Earthworm populations and biomass are of the insect neuropeptide proctolin have diamondback larvae from Ontario for the higher in organic plots. been purified from extracts of the cockroach first time during fall 1991. To prevent high Periplaneta americana. Neutrolin A shows • Soil organic matter increased 5.6% from levels of resistance to all available control FMRF amide-like immunoreactivity and 1990 to 1991 in organic plots vs 2.2% in methods from developing, as has already resembles leucomyosuppressin, a conventional plots, probably as a result of occurred elsewhere in the world, this early neuropeptide that controls gut and oviduct the compost and intercrops used in the warning in Ontario suggests the need for contractions in a variety of insects. Neutrolin organic plots. measures such as B does not have FMRF amide-like The results indicate long-term benefits to • demanding inspection and fumigation of immunoreactivity. Because amidation is soil tilth in organic production systems at a transplants needed for the biological activity of most of limited cost to the producers. • convincing growers to buy Canadian. the insect neuropeptides including We have completed the 2nd year of leucomyosuppressin, a clone of insect DNA Perillus bioculatus, a predator of the studies on rainfall simulation and pesticide Colorado potato beetle (CPB), has been coding for a neuropeptide-amidating transport-dissipation at the Great Lakes successfully reared in the laboratory for enzyme has been isolated and characterized. water quality (GLWQ) watershed site near 76 Lc)ndon1992 A coronatine (toxin) gene-based systems showed that the cell wall desherbage manuel dans les parcelles ou diagnostic DNA probe for bacterial speck of constituents function to block nutrient loss I'on ne fait pas usage d'herbicide. tomato has proven to be highly efficient at when metabolic energy is limiting. However, • Les populations de vers de terre et la screening symptomless greenhouse the behavior of these transport systems in biomasse sont plus elevees dans les transplant seedlings for the pathogen and fungi is radically different from those in parcelles biologiques. monitoring disease incidence in bacteria. The cell wall constituents of fungi • De 1990 a 1991, la matiere organique du southwestern Ontario tomato fields. If have some other function that is not yet sol a augmente de 5,6 % dans les parcelles infested plants were identified and understood. This work is oriented to biologiques, contre 2,2 % dans les eliminated before planting, disease understanding the mechanisms of nutrient parcelles classiques; cette difference est incidence could be decreased. The uptake by fungi as a biorational means for probablement attribuable a l'utilisation de techniques and approaches developed in this controlling such organisms. compost et a la pratique de la culture study will help in developing DNA-based intercalaire dans les parcelles biologiques. diagnostic assays for other economically Resources II apparait, a la lumiere de ces resultats, que important plant diseases. The centre's activities are divided between les methodes biologiques offrent, a long two buildings, one on the campus of the Plant microbe interactions We studied, terme, des avantages au chapitre de I'etat University of Western Ontario, the other under greenhouse and field conditions, the physique du sol, et ce, a un cofit minime located adjacent to the research farm. relationship between rhizosphere pour Ie producteur. colonization and ability to stimulate growth Research activities are augmented by Nous avons poursuivi, pour une 2e of potato plants by a Pseudomonas sp. strain collaborative programs with provincial, annee, nos etudes sur la simulation des PsJN. Antibiotic-resistant mutants, selected university, and industry researchers. precipitations et sur Ie transport et la for their ability to promote growth of tissue The research farm covers 25 ha. The dissipation des pesticides au site de culture-grown plantlets, colonized the exo- centre has a staff of 66 person-years, recherches sur la qualite de I'eau dans les and endo-rhizosphere of plants grown in the including 20 professionals. Grands Lacs, pres de London, en Ontario. greenhouse in sterile and nonsterile loam In June the London Research Centre Des parcelles voisines de ce site, les unes soil. Strains that induced consistent growth took over responsibility for managing the soumises un labourage de type classique promotion achieved much higher populations a research stations at Delhi and Vineland. (LC) et les autres, non labourees (NL), ont than those that were variable in their effect. servi aux fins de cette etude. Les travaux se A significant correlation was shown between poursuivent toujours. Le ruissellement etait the bacterial population and the total dry • en general plus eleve dans les parcelles LC weight of in vitro and greenhouse-grown que dans les parcelles NL, ce qui porte plants, root dry weight, and tuber weight of Mndat a croire que Ie sol est plus poreux dans les field-grown plants. In field experiments, seed Le Centre de recherches de London (CRL) parcelles NL. Les pertes de sediments bacterization improved plant emergence, elabore des methodes substituts de lutte etaient de 5 10 fois plus elevees dans les root dry weight, stolon numbers, and tuber contre les ravageurs qui sont acceptables du a yield. point de vue environnemental. Ces parcelles LC que dans les parcelles NL. methodes se fondent sur des principes Dans les deux types de parcelles, les pertes Recent work has shown that the simple d'herbicide etaient plus importantes lorsque isoflavones daidzein and genistein, found in biologiques rationnels et permettront de remplacer ou de reduire sensiblement I'application etait effectuee sur un sol tres soybean root exudates, are highly effective humide peu de temps avant une pluie. Les chemoattractants for zoospores of I'usage actuel des pesticides. L'equipe du centre etudie egalement les repercussions pertes de sol causees par I'erosion etaient Phytophthora megasperma var. sojae, which considerablement moindres dans les is an economically important soybean des pesticides sur la qualite des sols et de l'eau. parcelles NL; ces dernieres presentaient par pathogen. Selecting soybean cultivars that contre un taux d'infiltration plus eleve. do not produce these compounds or planting Realisations nonsoybean legumes that do (as decoys) Lutte antiparasitaire La lutte contre la may lead to an environmentally acceptable Protection de l'environnement Une etude fausse teigne des cruciferes, (Plutella means of reducing the incidence of disease. detaillee de 2 ans portant sur Ie passage xylostella L.), important ravageur de ce d'une production legumiere classique a une groupe de vegetaux, est de plus en plus In most cells of animals and higher production biologique a demontre les complexe. On craint l'introduction, t6t dans plants, the uptake of nutrients depends on tendances suivantes : la saison de croissance, de souches resistant specialized transport proteins embedded in • La production de legumes de qualite aux insecticides, sur des plantules importees the plasma membrane surrounding the marchande est plus elevee (environ 20 %) du sud-est des Etats-Unis. Une souche cytoplasm. These plasma membrane dans les parcelles classiques que dans les originaire du Quebec a fait preuve a la fois proteins alone are needed for transport. parcelles biologiques, probablement a d'une extreme resistance aux pyrethroi'des However, many transport systems in cause d'une diminution des substances utilises pour l'elimination de cet insecte et gram-negative bacteria are inactivated by nutritives disponibles dans Ie sol des d'une resistance croisee a des composes qui removal of the cell wall even though the parcelles biologiques. ne sont pas encore en usage dans les membrane and membrane proteins are left • A I'exception du mai's sucre, les depenses champs. On a pu, pour la premiere fois a intact. We observed that removal of the cell relatives a la lutte antiparasitaire sont plus I'automne 1991, en Ontario, deceler une walls of Ustilago maydis inactivated the elevees dans les parcelles biologiques, en resistance a la permethrine chez des larves transport systems. Our studies on bacterial grande partie a cause du cmIt eleve du de la fausse teigne des cruciferes. De fa~on a London 1992 77 empecher Ie developpement d'une forte leucomyosuppressine, doivent etre amides selection de cultivars ne produisant pas ces resistance a toutes les methodes de lutte pour devenir biologiquement actifs; nous substances ou l'ensemencement de antiparasitaire, tel que cela s'est produit avons donc isole et caracterise un clone d'un legumineuses autres que Ie soja qui en ailleurs dans Ie monde, une alerte prompte a fragment d'ADN d'insecte codant pour une produisent (utilisees a titre de «leurres ») ete donnee, ce qui devrait encourager Ie enzyme catalysant l'amidation des pourraient nous fournir une methode recours a des mesures telles que neuropeptides. compatible avec I'environnement permettant • proceder a l'inspection et la fumigation Vne sonde d'ADN s'hybridant au gene de reduire l'incidence de la maladie causee des plantules codant pour la coronatine (une toxine) chez par ce pathogene. • convaincre les cultivateurs canadiens la bacterie responsable de la moucheture Dans la plupart des cellules des d'acheter chez eux. bacterienne de la tom ate s'est reveIee tres animaux et des vegetaux superieurs, Plusieurs generations de Perillus efficace pour reperer les plants de serre de l'absorption des nutriments se fait par bioculatus, un predateur du doryphore de la repiquage porteurs du pathogene, mais l'intermediaire de proteines de transport pomme de terre, ont ete elevees en asymptomatiques, et pour determiner specialisees presentes dans la membrane laboratoire sous un regime alimentaire I'incidence de cette maladie dans les champs cytoplasmique. Ces proteines assurent a compose d'reufs et de larves de doryphore. de tomates du sud-ouest de l'Ontario. Le elles seules Ie transport des nutriments. Des essais ont revele que Ie P. bioculatus est reperage des plants infectes en vue de leur Cependant, bon nombre de systemes de efficace dans la lutte contre Ie doryphore de elimination avant les semis pourrait reduire transport chez les bacteries Gram negatif se la pomme de terre s'il est introduit au bon l'incidence de la maladie. Les techniques et trouvent inactives quand on enleve la paroi moment et en nombre suffisant. methodes elaborees dans Ie cadre de cette cellulaire, meme si la membrane etude aideront a la mise au point d'essais cytoplasmique et ses proteines restent Les populations microbiennes genetiques diagnostics pour d'autres intactes. Nous avons constate l'inactivation s'adaptent rapidement a certains pesticides maladies vegetales d'importance des systemes de transport apres prelevement et arrivent ales metaboliser, ce qui entraine economique. des parois cellulaires de l'Ustilago maydis. une disparition rapide de ces composes Nos etudes sur les systemes bacteriens ont (degradation acceleree). Nous avons cherche Interactions plantes-microorganismes La possibilite de stimuler la croissance des montre que les constituants de la paroi a etablir des doses d'application de formules cellulaire empechent les pertes de a liberation lente de carbosulfan et de plants de pomme de terre par I'introduction dans la rhizosphere d'une espece de nutriments quand Ie niveau d'energie carbofuran pour maintenir dans Ie sol des metabolique est limitant. Le comportement concentrations d'insecticide qui soient Pseudomonas (souche PsJN) a ete etudiee en serre et au champ. Des mutants resistants de ces systemes de transport chez les efficaces sans toutefois exceder Ie seuil a champignons est toutefois radicalement partir duquelles bacteries peuvent s'adapter. aux antibiotiques choisis pour leur capacite de stimuler la croissance de plantules different de ceux des bacteries, les Nous avons malheureusement constate qu'il constituants de la paroi cellula ire des y a eu adaptation rapide dans les sols traites, obtenues par culture de tissus ont colonise l'exo-rhizosphere et I'endo-rhizosphere de premiers ayant une autre fonction qui n'est aucune trace d'insecticide ne pouvant y.etre pas encore comprise. Par ces travaux, nous detectee. Le recours a ce type de formule ne plants cultives en serre, dans des sols loameux steriles et non steriles. Les souches cherchons a comprendre les mecanismes de constituerait donc pas une solution viable au l'absorption des nutriments chez les phenomene de degradation acceleree. stimulant de fa<;onreguliere la croissance ont atteint une densite de population champignons en vue d'elaborer une Mecanismes moleculaires dans la lutte beaucoup plus elevee que celle des souches technique de lutte biologique contre ces antiparasitaire L'introduction d'ADN dont l'effet etait variable. Nous avons microorganismes. codant pour des neuropeptides ou des obtenu une correlation statistiquement Ressources enzymes d'insectes dans des baculovirus importante entre les populations peut constituer une methode de lutte tres bacteriennes et Ie poids sec total des plants L'activite du centre de recherches est specifique et compatible avec cultives in vitro et en serre, le poids sec des repartie entre deux immeubles: l'un, sur Ie l'environnement contre les insectes racines et Ie poids des tubercules des plants campus de l'Vniversite of Western Ontario; nuisibles. Les neutrolines A et B, deux cultives au champ. Dans les experiences au l'autre, situe pres de la ferme experimentale. pep tides inhibant l'action de la proctoline, champ, l'infestation des semis avec des Les activites de recherche au CRL ont Me un neuropeptide, ont ete purifiees a partir bacteries a accru les taux d'emergence des accrues grace a I'elaboration df:programmes d'extraits de la coquerelle Periplaneta plants, Ie poids sec des racines, Ie nombre de mixtes avec des chercheurs des provinces, americana. La neutroline A montre une stolons et la production de tubercules. des universites et de I'industrie. immunoreactivite du type de celle du Des travaux recents ont montre que les L'etendue de la ferme experimentale peptide de nature amidique zoospores de Phytophthora megasperma var. est de 25 ha. Le centre dispose de 66 annees- Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-NH2 et ressemble ala personnes et emploie 20 professionnels. leucomyosuppressine, un neuropeptide sojae, pathogene du soja de grande regissant les contractions du tube digestif et importance economique, sont fortement En juin on a confie au Centre de de l'oviducte chez divers insectes. La attirees chimiquement par les isoflavones recherches de London la responsabilite de la neutroline B ne montre pas une simples, daidzeine et genisteine, presentes gestion des stations de recherches de Delhi immunoreactivite du meme type. La plupart dans les exsudats des racines de soja. La et Vineland. des neuropeptides des insectes, dont la 78 London 1992 l DELHI glycoside, stevioside, at a rate roughly • substrates vary in their ability to produce equivalent to sucrose at 65 tlha. Thirteen large populations of T. hanianum Mndate half-sib families isolated from a landrace • survival at 20°C is similar to that at 5°C cultivar of Stevia rebaudiana were evaluated The Delhi Research Station develops • high populations can be maintained in for genetic variation related to agronomic sustainable crop and soil management some substrates for several months. and chemical characteristics. Sufficient practices for coarse-textured soils in variation was present to allow selection of Tomato In a detached leaf assay, several Ontario. It also develops alternative crops lines adapted to growing conditions on the yeast isolates were identified as inhibiting for Ontario. In addition, the station conducts Norfolk sand plain. Stevia contains a infection of tomato leaves by Alternaria research on flue-cured tobacco. number of diterpene glycosides that have solani. The most promising of these These research activities were potential use in food as low-calorie biological control candidates have been augmented by the alternate enterprise sweeteners. The long days experienced identified for field evaluation. initiatives program, which provided during the growing season produce elevated contracted research for diversifying tobacco. levels of these compounds. Resources The station shares the office building with Achievements Tobacco Field testing of transgenic tobacco lines harboring genes for sulfonylurea the Ontario Ministry of Agriculture and Biocontrol Marigold, black-eyed Susan, resistance has shown that agronomically Food, Plant Industry Branch. This and mustard were evaluated for their ability, significant levels of resistance to arrangement provides opportunities for when used as cover crops, to suppress root chlorsulfuron are present. The low residual close collaboration and communication lesion nematode populations. All three sulfonylurea herbicide DPX R9674 proved between the station and its clients. New significantly reduced populations relative to to be highly phytotoxic inJield trials. Other technology is continually made available to winter rye, which is a host species that allows transgenic tobacco lines harboring a growers through the extension specialists. the maintenance or increase of nematode GUS-metallothionein gene fusion were field The station has a land base of 60 ha populations. tested to evaluate the ability of this system and a total staff of 40 person-years, including Eveningprimrose The herbicides trifluralin, to reduce cadmium burdens in leaf tissue. 9 research professionals. ethalfluralin, RE-40885 (Chevron), and Cadmium levels in leaf tissues of transgenic trifluralin + RE-40885 show promise for lines did not differ significantly from • controlling annual grass and broadleaf untransformed controls. Competition for weeds in transplanted evening primrose cadmium binding by mobile metal-binding Mndat production. A system has been developed proteins is thought to explain the absence of La Station de recherches de Delhi met au for evening primrose that allows it to be significant cadmium binding in the roots of point des pratiques de gestion durable des direct seeded during early August or transgenic plants. November. Direct seeding significantly sols et des cultures pour les sols de texture A 3-year study of flue-cured tobacco reduces the cost of production using grossiere de l'Ontario, ainsi que des cultures found that yield, grade index, and return transplants. The latter system has been used de remplacement du tabac. En outre, la index generally were greater with increased commercially for several years. station effectue des recherches sur Ie tabac leaf ripeness, but leveled off or even seche a l'air chaud. Aces travaux s'est Kenaf A 2-year study of four cultivars of decreased in some instances at very late leaf ajoutee la recherche a contrat, ala faveur du kenaf showed that dry matter yields of 6 tlha ripeness. Ontario tobacco peaked in yield, Programme de recyclage des entreprises, can be produced on the coarse-textured soils grade index, and return index at much later pour Ie remplacement des cultures du tabac. of southern Ontario. Kenaf is of interest as a leaf ripeness stages than reports for flue- source of fiber for the paper industry. cured tobacco produced in Zimbabwe and Realisations Peppermint A study of harvest dates on North Carolina. Delhi 76 generally had the Lutte biologique On a evalue la capacite yield and oil quality of peppermint produced best grade index and, in 1 year, the highest des tagetes, des rudbeckies et de la an acceptable peppermint oil from plants return index; Virginia 115 responded most moutarde de reduire les effectifs des grown on coarse-textured soils. Oil was consistently over years and ripeness stages. nematodes radicicoles, lorsque ces piantes produced at an average yield of 75 kg/ha. In It has potential as a biological control for servent de cultures de couverture. Les trois southern Ontario, the optimum time for soilborne diseases of tobacco and other especes se sont revelees considerablement harvesting peppermint to produce an oil of crops. plus efficaces que Ie seigle d'hiver. Ce acceptable quality was in late August or A study was done to find an inexpensive dernier est une espece hote, qui favorise Ie early September. and effective manner of producing and maintien ou la multiplication des nematodes. Stevia Stevia was successfully grown on storing for commercial use large quantities Onagre Pour la production d'onagres de coarse-textured soils. This perennial inoculum of the mycoparasite fungus repiquage, la trifluraline, l'ethalfluraline, Ie herbaceous plant accumulates in the leaf a Trichoderma halZianum. Tests using widely RE-40885 (Chevron) et la combinaison glycoside with a sweetness index more than available natural materials (such as trifluraline-RE-40885 se sont reveles des 200 times that of sucrose. The transplanted agricultural by-products and wood) as herbicides prometteurs contre les mauvaises crop is mildly tolerant to freezing conditions. organic substrates indicate that herbes annuelles, tant graminees que It has the potential to produce the sweet London 1992 79 dicotyledones larges. Un systeme de semis, fusionnant les genes GUS et metallothionine I'Agriculture et de l'Alimentation de mis au point pour l'onagre, permet ont ete eprouvees en plein champ pour la I'Ontario, ce qui favorise une collaboration d'ensemencer directement cette plante au capacite d'abaisser la charge de cadmium et des communications etroites entre la debut d'aout ou en novembre. Cette dans les tissus foliaires. Les concentrations station et ses clients. Par Ie truchement des pratique reduit considerablement Ie coM de du metal dans les tissus des lignees specialistes en vulgarisation, les techniques production comparativement au repiquage, transgeniques ne differaient pas de fa~on nouvelles sont mises a la disposition des qui est utilise couramment depuis plusieurs notable des concentrations observees chez producteurs de fa~on continm:. annees en production industrielle. les temoins non transformes. La competition La station possede 60 ha de terrain et Kenaf Etalee sur 2 annees, une etude de pour la liaison, avec Ie cadmium, des dispose en tout de 40 annees-personnes. Elle quatre cultivars de kenaf a montre qu'un proteines mobiles qui se lient aux metaux compte neuf chercheurs. rendement de 6 t de matieres seches par expliquerait l'absence de combinaison hectare etait possible sur les sols grossiers du significative avec Ie cadmium dans les sud de l'Ontario. Le kenaf pourrait racines des plantes transgeniques. alimenter I'industrie papetiere en cellulose. Une etude de 3 annees sur Ie tabac VINELAND Menthe poivree L 'etude des dates de la jaune a permis de constater que Ie recolte et de leur effet sur Ie rendement et rendement, I'indice de classe ainsi que Ie sur la qualite de I'huile de menthe poivree a revenu par unite de surface augmentaient Mndate permis de produire une huile acceptable a avec la maturite des feuilIes, mais que ces The Vineland Research Station develops partir de plantes cultivees sur des sols parametres tendaient a plafonner et meme a integrated pest management systems and grossiers. On a atteint un rendement moyen diminuer dans certains cas, quand la conducts research on the protection of de 75 kg d'huile par hectare. La periode maturite etait tres poussee. Le tabac • tree fruits optimale pour la recolte serait la fin d'aout ontarien a atteint son sommet de • vegetables ou Ie debut de septembre, dans Ie sud de rendement, d'indice de classe et de revenu • ornamentals. par unite de surface a des stades beaucoup l'Ontario, si I'on veut obtenir une huile de The Smithfield Experime:ntal Farm qualite acceptable. plus tardifs de la maturite des feuilles que Ie tabac jaune du Zimbabwe et de la Caroline preserves clonal germplasm. Stevia On a reussi a faire croitre en sols du Nord. Le Delhi 76 a generalement Achievements grossiers cette herbacee vivace qui accumule obtenu Ie meilIeur indice de classe et, en 1 dans ses feuilles un glycoside possedant un an, Ie revenu maximal par unite de surface, Tree fruits We have identified latent pouvoir edulcorant 200 fois plus eleve que Ie tandis que Ie Virginia 115 a reagi de fa~on infections of the brown-rot fungus, sucrose. Les plants transplantes sont plus constante au cours des ans et pour les Monoliniafructicola (G. Wint.), on fruits of legerement tolerants aux conditions de gel et stades de maturite. plum and sweet cherry using the paraquat sont susceptibles de produire Ie glycoside technique developed earlier. Detection of appele stevioside, qui equivaut en gros a Une etude a ete effectuee dans Ie but latency, which is related to spore 65 t de sucrose par hectare. On a evalue Ies de trouver un moyen efficace et peu couteux concentration, generation time, and weather variations genetiques reMes aux de produire et d'entreposer a des fins conditions, is essential to mycobiocontrol. caracteristiques agronomiques et chimiques commerciales de grandes quantites Postharvest treatments with fungicides or de 13 familIes de demi-germains isoles d'un d'inoculums de Trichoderma hatzianum, hot water controlled latent plum infections; cultivar local de Stevia rebaudiana. Les champignon mycoparasite. Les resultats de these methods may be commercially variations etaient suffisantes pour permettre tests dans lesquels on a utilise des matieres feasible. Synthetic pheromone-baited traps la selection de lignees adaptees aux naturelles faciles a obtenir (sous-produits were effective for monitoring mating . conditions de croissance de la plaine agricoles, bois, etc.) pour servir de substrats disruption of oriental fruit moth and grape sableuse de Norfolk. L'espece Stevia organiques ont revele que berry moth; mating disruption of codling renferme un certain nombre de glycosides • les substrats varient selon leur capacite de moth was inadequate for control in a diterpeniques qui pourraient servir dans Ie produire des effectifSeleves de T. ha1Zianum commercial orchard. Grape berry moth domaine alimentaire a titre d'edulcorants • la survie a 20°C est semblable a celIe a control also benefited from insecticide hypocaloriques. Les longues journees 5°C sprays along vineyard borders. When pendant la saison de croissance donnent lieu • des effectifs concentres se conservent refined, the mating disruption method a une production de fortes concentrations de plusieurs mois dans certains substrats. should be an IPM component for certain ces composes. crops. A bioassay using lesion nematodes Tomate Selon une epreuve effectuee sur was developed for detecting allyl Tabac L'essai en plein champ de lignees feuilIes detachees, plusieurs isolats de isothiocyanate released from tissues of six transgeniques de tabac, renfermant des moisissures ont empeche I'infection des crucifer cultivars. Indian mustard cultivar genes de la resistance a la sulfonyl-uree, a feuilIes de tomates par l'Alternaria solani. Le Domo shows promise as a plow-down montre qu'elles possedaient un degre de plus prometteur de ces agents biologiques green-manure cover crop that provides resistance au chlorsulfuron interessant du sera evalue en plein champ. nematicidal activity. point de vue agronomique. L 'herbicide DPX R9674, derive de la sulfonyl-uree et laissant Ressources Vegetables Photocarcinogenic peu de residus, s'est revele tres toxique pour La station de recherches partage un furocoumarins were shown to occur in Ies piantes, au cours des essais en plein immeu1;llea bureaux avec la Direction de parsnips, parsley, and celery infected with champ. D'autres lignees transgeniques l'industrie des pIantes du ministere de Phoma complanata (Tode ex fr.) Desm. 80 London 1992 fungus. Parsnip germplasm with Phoma mene des recherches sur la protection des II est possible de reduire les pertes de resistance has been identified. Extracts from cultures suivantes : tomates en entreposage sans recourir aux diseased parsnip roots and apparently • fruits d'especes arborescentes fongicides. L'inhibition de la germination healthy portions of infected roots reduced • legumes des spores, de la croissance des filaments nematode populations. A potential use for • plantes orne mentales. germinatifs et des myceliums de Mucor these furocoumarins is in biological control La Ferme experimentale de Smithfield mucedo P.Mich. ex St-Amans (champignon of soilborne organisms. preserve du materiel genetique sous forme de la pourriture des tomates en entreposage) Nonfungicidal control of tomato fruit de clone. a ete rendue possible grace 11 deux surfactifs loss in storage is feasible. Using two antitranspiration; Ie taux de reduction a ete antitranspirant surfactants, we suppressed Realisations de 89 11 97 %. spore germination, germ tube growth, and Arbres fruitiers Grace 11 la technique du Omementales La surveillance du virus de mycelial growth of Mucor mucedo P. Mich. paraquat, niise au point anterieurement, on la maladie des taches bronzees de la tomate ex St-Amans rot fungus on stored tomato a mis en evidence les infections latentes ainsi que de son insecte vecteur, Ie thrips des fruit; we attained 89-97% reduction of rot. causees par I'agent de la pourriture brune petits fruits, a ete amelioree au moyen de Omamentals We have improved the cryptogamique Monolinia fructicola (G. cultivars de petunias specifiquement monitoring of tomato spotted wilt virus Wint.) sur les prunes et les guignes (cerises selectionnes. De plus, les reservoirs du virus (TSWV) and its insect vector, western flower douces). La detection de la latence de chez les mauvaises herbes ont ete identifies. thrips (WFf), using specifically selected I'infection, qui est reliee 11 la concentration Grace 11 la pulverisation d'une huile petunia cultivars; we identified weed des spores, 11 la periode de generation et aux ecologique et de deux agents antitranspiration, reservoirs. Environmentally benign spray oil conditions meteorologiques, est essentielle 11 on est parvenu 11 une maltrise excellente du and two antitranspirants gave excellent la lutte contre Ie parasite. Les infections virus. Les hates preferes du thrips, pour control of TSwv. Preferred hosts for WFf latentes des prunes ont ete maitrisees grace l'alimentation, ne correspondaient pas 11 feeding were not correlated with those 11 des traitements fongicides ou 11 des ceux qu'il prefere pour la ponte; les preferred for oviposition; entomophilic traitements 11 I'eau chaude appliques apres la nematodes entomophiles ont cause une nematodes produced about 10% mortality recolte; ces methodes peuvent etre mortalite d'enyiron 10 % chez Ie thrips. Ces of WIT These results provide a base for a commercialement applicables. Les pieges 11 resultats constituent un point de depart pour TSWV control program. pheromones de synthese ont effectivement un programme de lutte contre Ie virus. permis de surveiller la perturbation du Clonal genebank The collection includes Banque de clones La collection comprend processus de reproduction chez la tordeuse 789 cultivars des genres Malus, Pyrus, 789 named cultivars of Malus, Pyrus, Prunus, orientale du pecher et chez la tordeuse de la Rubus, Ribes, Fragaria, Sambucus, and Prunus, Rubus, Ribes, Fragaria, Sambucus et vigne. La methode de confusion sexuelle T1:lccinium, conserves sous forme de plantes Vaccinium maintained as plants in either chez la carpocapse de la pomme ne s'est pas protected culture or field plantings. A en cultures protegees ou plan tees en plein revelee satisfaisante en verger industriel. La champ. A cela s'ajoutent 1 653 clones further 1653 clones of native species are lutte contre la tordeuse de la vigne a included. Seed has been preserved for d'especes indigenes. On conserve, pour la egalement beneficie des traitements distribution les semences de 1162 des distribution from 1162 of the 1503 clones of insecticides 11 la bordure des vignobles. Fragaria chiloensis (L.) Duch. that are 1503 clones de Fragaria chiloensis (L.) Lorsque la methode de confusion sexuelle Duch. qui sont indigenes 11 la region catiere indigenous to coastal British Columbia. We aura ete perfectionnee, elle pourra servir 11 added a total of 298 clones in 1991. de la Colombie-Britannique. En 1991, la lutte integree dans certaines cultures. Une 298 clones, en tout, ont ete ajoutes 11 la Resources methode de dosage biologique sur Ie collection. nematode radicicole a ete mise au point The Vineland laboratory is located on the pour deceler la liberation de I'isothiocyanate Ressources Provincial Research Station property on the d'allyle par les tissus de six cultivars de Niagara Peninsula. This arrangement Le laboratoire de la Station de Vineland est cruciferes. Le cultivar Domo de la moutarde situe sur les terrains de la station provinciale facilitates good collaboration between de l'Inde est prometteur en tant que culture scientists of both establishments, as well as de recherches, dans la peninsule du Niagara. d'engrais vert dotee d'un pouvoir Cela facilite la collaboration entre les direct lines of communication between nematicide. scientists and extension specialists. A 30-ha chercheurs des deux etablissements de research farm is located 3 kIn from the Legumes On a decele la presence de meme que les communications directes laboratory. The Smithfield Experimental furocoumarines photocarcinogenes dans Ie entre les chercheurs et les vulgarisateurs. Farm is located 8 kIn west of Trenton on panais et Ie persil et une infection du celeri Une ferme experimentale d'une superficie 121 ha of land. par Ie champignonPhoma complanata (Tode de 30 ha est situee 11 3 km du laboratoire. La ex fr.) Desm. On a identifie des lignees Ferme experimentale de Smithfield est The combined facilitieshave a total staff genetiques de panais dotees d'une resistance situee 11 8 kIn a I'ouest de Trenton, sur un of 67 person-years, including 18professionals. au Phoma. Des extraits de racines de panais terrain de 121 ha. infectees ainsi que de parties apparemment Les deux installations disposent de • saines de racines infectees ont reduit les 67 annees-personnes et emploient 18 effectifs des nematodes. On pourrait utiliser professionnels. Mndat ces furocoumarines dans la lutte biologique La Station de recherches de Vineland contre les organismes du sol. elabore des systemes de lutte integree et • London 1992 81 Research Publications of the host to dinitroaniline herbicides. in drinking water. J. Chromatogr. Publications de recherche Phytopathology 82:110-114. 555:147-154. Allen, WR.; Matteoni, J.A 1991. Petunia as Court, WA; Hendel, J.G.; Pocs, R 1991. Marvin, C.H.; Brindle, I.D.; Singh, RP; an indicator plant for use by growers to Fractionation of flue-cured tobacco samples Hall, C.D.; Chiba, M. 1991. Simultaneous monitor for thrips carrying the tomato using Sep-Pak cartridges. Tob. Sci. 35:59-62. determination of trace concentrations of spotted wilt virus in greenhouses. Plant Dis. benomyl, carbendazim (MBC) and nine 75:78-82. Frank, R.; Braun, H.E.; Clegg, S.R; Beyaert, RP; Johnson, PW 1991. Pesticide residues other pesticides in water using an automated Allen, WR; Matteoni, J.A; Broadbent, AB. and metal contents in flue-cured tobacco on-line pre-concentration high performance 1990. Susceptibility of cultivars of florist's leaf, Ontario, 1986-88. Tob. Sci. 35:28-31. liquid chromatographic method. J. chrysanthemum to tomato spotted wilt virus. Chromatogr. 518:242-249. Can. J. Plant Pathol. 12:417-423. Frommel, M.I.; Nowak, J.; Lazarovits, G. 1991. Growth enhancement and McCabe, D.C.; Protz, R; Tomlin, AD. 1991. Biggs, AR 1991. Leaf abscission kinetics of developmental modification of in vitro grown Faunal effects on the distribution of gamma peach cultivars and clones in relation to potato (Solanum tuberosum ssp. tuberosum) emitting radionuclides in four forested soils. peach canker disease. Can. J. Bot. as affected by a nonfluorescent Water Air Soil Pollut. 57-58:521-532. 69:2020-2025. Pseudomonas sp. Plant Physiol. (Rockville) Miller, D.M. 1991. Determination of the Biggs, AR; Miles, N.W; Bell, RL. 1992. 96:928-936. thickness of the unstirred layers in the Heritability of suberin accumulation in Hagley, E.AC.; Barber, D.R 1991. moving-drop method for measuring wounded peach bark. Phytopathology Mortality, fecundity and longevity of aqueous-nonaqueous interfacial transport 82:83-86. parasitoids of the spotted tentiform rates. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1065:69-74. Bolter, CJ.; Stewart, RK. 1991. A simple leafminer, Phyllonoryeter blaneardella (Lep.: Miller, D.M. 1991. Evidence that interfacial method for distinguishing between female Gracillariidae) at constant temperatures in transport is rate-limiting during passive cell and male picnic beetles, Glisehroehilus the laboratory. Entomophaga membrane permeation. Biochim. Biophys. quadrisinatus Say (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae). 36(3):409-415. Acta 1065:75-81. Proc. Entomol. Soc. Ont. 122:1-2. Lazarovits, G.; Hawke, M.A; Olthof, Morley, H.Y. 1992. Pesticides: a general Bowman, RT. 1991. Mobility and dissipation Th.H.A; Coutu-Sundy, J. 1991. Influence of introduction. Pages 85-102 in Tardiff, RG., studies of metribuzin, atrazine and their temperature on survival of Pratylenehus ed. Methods to assess adverse effects of metabolites in plainfield sand, using field penetrans and of microsclerotia of pesticides on non-target organisms. John lysimeters. Environ. Toxicol. Chern. Verticillium dahliae in soil. Can. J. Plant Wiley & Sons Ltd., Toronto, Onto 10:573-579. Pathol. 13:106-111. Morris, PE; Savard, M.E.; Ward, E.WR Bowman, RT. 1991. Use of field lysimeters Lazarovits, G.; Hawke, M.A; Tomlin, AD.; 1991. Identification and accumulation of for comparison of mobility and persistence OIthof, Th.H.A.; Squire, S. 1991. Soil isoflavonoids and isoflavone glucosides in of granular and EC formulations of the soil solarization to control Vertieillium dahliae soybean leaves and hypocotyls in resistance insecticide isazofos. Environ. Toxicol. Chern. and Pratylenehus penetrans on potatoes in responses to Phytophthora megasperma f. sp. 10:873-879. central Ontario. Can. J. Plant Pathol. glycinea. Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol. 13:116-123. 39:229-244. Brandle, J.E.; Brule-Babel, AL. 1991. An integrated approach to oilseed rape cultivar Lee, T.T.;Starratt, AN. 1992.Metabolism of Olthof, Th.H.A; Townshend, J.L. 1991. selection using phenotypic stability. Theor. [14C]-indole-3-acetic acid by soybean callus Effect of oxamyl treatment of potato seed Appl. Genet. 81:679-684. and hypocotyl sections. Physiol. Plant. pieces on Pratylenehus penetrans and yield. 84:209-216. Ann. Appl. Nematol. 23(4S):699-705. Broadbent, AR; Matteoni, J.A 1990. Acquisition and transmission of Ma, S-W; Morris, Y.L.; Cuppels, D.A. 1991. Olthof, Th.H.A.; Wolynetz, M.S. 1991. Pseudomonas ciehorii by Liriomyza tri/olii Characterization of a DNA region required Pratylenehus pentrans and P. negleetus in (Diptera: Agromyzidae). Proc. Entomol. for production of the phytotoxin coronatine tubers of potato (Solanum tuberosum) in Soc. Ont. 121:79-84. by Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato. Mol. Ontario. Can. J. Plant Sci. 71:1251-1256. Plant-Microbe Interact. 4:69-74. Cerkauskas, RE; Chiba, M. 1990. Olthof, Th.H.A; Townshend, J.L.; Wolynetz, Association of phoma canker with Mable, RK.; Pree, D.J.; Denbesten, T.A M.S. 1991. Reduction of Pratyl'enehus photocarcinogenic furocoumarins in parsnip 1991. Comparison of male and female penetrans in potato tubers treated with cultivars. Can. J. Plant Pathol. 12:349-357. responses to dicofol in European red mite, oxamyl and sodium hypochlorite. Can. J. Panonyehus ulmi (Koch), using a rapid assay Plant Sci. 71:1243-1250. Cerkauskas, R.E; Uyenaka, J. 1990. First technique. Can. Entomol. 123:1157-1161. report of Septoria blight of parsley in Pandeya, RS.; Brandle, J.E.; Ankersmit, Ontario. Plant Dis. 74:1037. Marshall, D.R; Pree, D.J. 1990. Effects of J.CD.; Rogers, W.D.; Keller, W.A 1991. miticides on the life stages of the European Delfield flue-cured tobacco. Can. J. Plant Cerkauskas, RE; Nauta, R; McDonald, red mite; Panonyehus ulmi. Can. Entomol. Sci. 71:575-577. M.R 1990. First report of spinach 123:77-87. anthracnose in Ontario. Plant Dis. 74:101. Prat, AG.; Bolter, c.; ...;Chefurka, W; et al. Marvin, C.H.; Brindle, I.D.; Hall, CD.; 1991. Purification of cytochrome e peroxidase Cohen, R; Cuppels, D.A; ...; Lazarovits, G.; Chiba, M. 1991. A rapid on-line precolumn for monitoring HzOz production. Free et al. 1992. Induction of resistance towards HPLC method for the determination of Radical BioI. & Med. 11:537-544. bacterial pathogens of tomato by exposure benomyl, carbendazim, and aldicarb species 82 L.ondon 1992 Rosa, N.; Caughill, C.WH. 1991. Trimble, RM.; Pree, D.J.; Vickers, PM.; Performance of sucker control material on Ker, K.W 1991. Potential of mating agronomic and chemical quality of disruption using sex pheremones for flue-cured tobacco. Tob. Sci. 35:54--56. controlling the grape berry moth Endopiza Shattuck, v.!.; Cerkauskas, RE 1991. viteana (Clemens) in Niagara peninsula, Phoma complanata-resistant UG-10 parsnip Ontario vineyards. Can. Entomol. germplasm. HortScience 26:316. 123:451--460. Stevenson, AB.; Barszcz, E.S. 1991. Tu, C.M. 1990. Effects of four experimental Influence of prepupation environment on insecticides on enzyme activities and level of diapause induction in the carrot rust fly, adenosine triphosphate in mineral and Psila rosae (Fab.) (Diptera: Psilidae). Can. organic soils. J. Environ. Sci. Health B Entomol. 123:41-53. (Pestic. Food Contam. Agric. Wastes) 25:787-800. Stobbs, L.W; Stirling, A 1990. Susceptibility of Ontario weed species to turnip mosaic Tu, C.M. 1991. Effect of some technical and virus. Can. J. Plant Pathol. 12:255-262. formulated insecticides on microbial activities in soil. J. Environ. Sci. Health B Stobbs, L.W; Van Schagen, J.G. 1990. (Pestic. Food Contam. Agric. Wastes) Characterization of a carlavirus isolated 26(5&6):557-573. from Aster novae-angliae. Plant Dis. 75:421--424. Tynen, M.J.; Coates, K.A; ...; Tomlin, AD.; et al. 1991. Henlea yukonesis (Oligochaeta: Stobbs, L.W; Shattuck, v.!.; Shelp, B.J. Enchytraeidae) a new species from the 1990. Effect of turnip mosaic virus infection Yukon Territories, Canada. Can. J. Zool. on the development, virus, titer, 69:1375-1388. glucosinolate concentrations, and storability of rutabaga roots. Plant Dis. 75:575-579. Vardanis, A; Hudson, AJ. 1991. Regulation of glycogen synthesis in human skeletal Stobbs, L.w.; Broadbent, AB.; Allen, WR; muscle: does cellular glycogen control Stirling, AL. 1992. Transmission of tomato glycogen synthase phosphatase activity? spotted wilt virus by the western flower Biochem. Int. 25(2):289-298. thrips to weeds and native plants found in southern Ontario. Plant. Dis. 76:23-29. Warner, J. 1991. Rootstock affects primary scaffold branch crotch angle of apple trees. Stobbs, L.W; Cerkauskas, RE; Reynolds, HortScience 26(10):1266-1267. L.B.; McKeown, AW 1991. Occurrence of an aphid-transmissible sweet potato feathery Wolyn, D.J.; Stobbs, L.W 1991. Distribution mottle virus in Ontario, Canada. Plant Dis. of asparagus virus 2 and tobacco streak virus 75:430. in asparagus plantings in southern Ontario. Plant Dis. 75(4):430. Svircev, AM.; Biggs, AR; Miles, N.W 1991. Isolation and partial purification of Zhou, T.;Reeleder, RD. 1991. Colonization phytotoxins from liquid culture of of bean flowers by Epicoccum purpurascens. Leucostoma cincta and Leucostoma Phytopathology 81(7):774--778. persoonii. Can. J. Bot. 69:1998-2003. Zhou, T.; Reeleder, R.D. 1991. Interactions Thistlewood, H.M.A 1991. A survey of between Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and predatory mites in Ontario apple orchards Epicoccum purpurascens. Can. J. Bot. with diverse pesticide programs. Can. 69:2503-2510. Entomol. 123:1163-1174. Tomlin, AD.; Protz, R 1990. Soil faunal activity and soil microfabrics in sustainable cropping systems. Proc. Entomol. Soc. Ont. 121:25--41. Townshend, J.L. 1991. Morphological observations of Pratylenchus penetrans from celery and strawberry in southern Ontario. J. Nematol. 23(2):205-209. Townshend, J.L.; Wolynetz, M.S. 1991. Penetration of celery and alfalfa roots by Pratylenchus penetrans as affected by temperature. J. Nematol. 23(2):194--197. London 1992 83 Central Experimental Farm Ferme experimenta/e centrale Director General J.e. St-Pierre, Ph.D. Directeur general Program Director L.M. Poste-Flynn, B.A.Sc. Directeur des programmes Directors Directeurs Centre for Food and Animal A.e. Lachance, Ph.D. Centre de recherches alimentaires Research et zootechniques Centre for Land and Biological J.M.R. Asselin, Ph.D. Centre de recherches sur les terres Resources Research et les ressources biologiques Plant Research Centre H.R. Davidson, Ph.D. Centre de recherches phytotechniques Directory of Research 1992 85 CENTRE FOR FOOD AND ANIMAL CENTRE DE RECHERCHES ALiMENTAIRES RESEARCH ET ZOOTECHNIQUES Research Branch Direction generale de la recherche Agriculture Canada Agriculture Canada Central Experimental Farm Ferme experimentale centrale Building 55, The Driveway Edifice 55, The Driveway Ottawa, Ontario Ottawa (Ontario) K1AOC6 K1AOC6 Tel. (613) 993-6002 Tel. Fax (613) 995-8175 Telecopie EM OTTB::EM150MAIL CE. Telex 053-3283 Telex RfeSSional Staff R,sonnel professionnel Director AC Lachance, Ph.D. Directeur Deputy Directors Sous-directeurs Animal programs VI. Stevens, Ph.D. Programmes zootechniques Food programs (Acting) D.B.Emmons, Ph.D. Programmes alimentaires (interimaire) Operations S.K. Ho, Ph.D. Exploitations Assistant to the Director D.A Leger, B.Sc. Adjoint au directeur Human Resources Adviser (Acting) S.Lavell Conseiller en personnel (interimaire) Acting Administrative Officer; CI. Dickinson Agent d'administration interimaire; Administration, finance, safety, Affaires financieres, administration, and security sante et securite Scientific Support Soutien scientifique Manager; Computer Services B.I. McKelvey Gestionnaire; services informatiques Computer Programmer- Analyst D. Campbell Analyste-programmeur Computer Programmer- Analyst H.M.Mucha Analyste-programmeur Computer Programmer- Analyst T.D. Osterhout Analyste-programmeur Food and Feed Salubrite des aliments pour humains et Safety animaux Microbes/Pathogens Microbes et maladies Team Leader; Processing and products H.W. Modler, Ph.D. Directeur de programme; transformation et produits Microbiology F. Bartlett, Ph.D. Microbiologie Pathogens in poultry 1.R. Chambers, Ph.D. Maladies des vola:illes (seconded out) (pretee par la Direction) Microbiology (on educational leave) S. Gouveia, M.Sc. Microbiologie (en conge d'etudes) Pathogens in poultry (seconded in) C Langford, D.V.M. Maladies des volailles (pretee a la Direction) Pathogens in food R.C McKellar, Ph.D. Maladies alimentaires Pathogen microbiology M. Nazarowec-White, M.Sc. Maladies et microbiologie (on educational leave) (en conge d'etudes) Microbiology (on educational leave) L. Saucier, M.Sc. Microbiologie (en conge d'etudes) Chemicals/Mycotoxins Produits chimiques et mycotoxines Team Leader; Agrochemical metabolism M.H. Akhtar, Ph.D. Directeur de programme; metabolisme and residues des pesticides et residus Amino acid and peptide chemistry AM. Paquet, Ph.D. Acides amines et chimie des peptides Mycotoxin metabolism, toxicology D.B. Prelusky, Ph.D. Metabolisme des mycotoxines et toxicologie Mycotoxins, in-vitro toxicology B.A. Rotter, Ph.D. Mycotoxines, toxicologie in vitro et and biochemistry biochimie Mycotoxins, toxicology H.L. Trenholm, Ph.D. Mycotoxines et toxicologie Centre for Food and Animal Research 1992 87 Nutrition and Quality Nutrition et Qualite Composition and Function Composition et fonction Team Leader; Natural toxicants K.J. Jenkins, Ph.D. Directeur de programme; toxiques naturels Rumen metabolism and nutrition AS. Atwal, Ph.D. Metabolisme du rumen et nutrition Chemical safety WF. Collins, Ph.D. Securite des produits chimiques Food microstructure, cell wall S.S. Miller, Ph.D. Microstructure alimentaire, constituents polysaccharides des polysaccharides Analytical methodology WJ. Mullin, Ph.D. Methode analytique Human nutrition (seconded out) L.M. Robichon-Hunt, M.Sc. Nutrition chez les humains (pretee par la Direction) Carbohydrate analysis J.N. Weisz, B.Sc. Analyse des glucides Carbohydrate chemistry P.J. Wood, Ph.D. Chimie des glucides Quality Assessment Evaluation de la qualitl! des aliments Team Leader; Functional properties c.-Y. Ma, Ph.D. Directeur de programme; proprietes of proteins fonctionnelles des proteines Electron microscopy P.Allan-Wojtas, B.Sc. Microscopie electronique (on educational leave) (en conge d'etudes) Dairy products D.B. Emmons, Ph.D. Produits laitiers Carcass composition and meat quality A Fortin, Ph.D. Composition de la carcasse et qualite de la viande Protein chemistry V.R. Harwalkar, Ph.D. Chimie des proteines Electron microscopy M. Kalab, Ph.D. Microscopie electronique Food microstructure S.H. Yiu, Ph.D. Microstructure des aliments (seconded out) (pretee par la Direction) Nutrition and Metabolism Nutrition et metabolisme Team leader; Analytical methodology J.M.R Belanger, Ph.D. Directeur de programme; methode analytique Poultry nutrition N.AG. Cave, Ph.D. Nutrition de la volaille Lipid nutrition, perinatal metabolism E.R Farnworth, Ph.D. Ration lipidique et metabolisme perinatal Lipid chemistry and biochemistry J.K.G. Kramer, Ph.D. Chimie et biochimie des lipides Poultry nutrition (seconded out) M. Lefranc;;ois,M.Sc. Nutrition des volailles (prete par la Direction) Nutrient analysis L.F. Russell, Ph.D. Analyse des nutriments Analysis (on leave) I.R Siddiqui, Ph.D. Analyse (en conge) Ruminant nutrition D.M. Veira, Ph.D. Nutrition des ruminants Animal Molecular Biology! Biologie moreculaire des animaux et Biotechnology biotechnologie Rumen Metabolism Metabolisme du rumen Team Leader; Rumen metabolism F.D. Sauer, Ph.D. Directeur de programme; metabolisme durumen Rumen metabolism and cellulose J.D. Erfle, Ph.D. Metabolisme du rumen et digestion de la digestion cellulose Ruminant nutrition and molecular RJ. Forster, Ph.D. Nutrition des ruminants et biologie biology moleculaire Molecular biology M.A Hefford, Ph.D. Biologie moleculaire Vitamin nutrition-ruminants M. Hidiroglou, D.V.M. Vitamines-ruminants Protozoal metabolism-ruminants M. Ivan, Ph.D Metabolisme protozoaire-ruminants Protein metabolism in the rumen S. Mahadevan, Ph.D. Metabolisme des proteines dans Ie rumen Molecular biology, genetic RM. Teather, Ph.D. Biologie moleculaire et manipulation manipulation of rumen bacteria genetique des bacteries du rumen Molecular Genetics Genetique moleculaire Team Leader; DNA analysis of poultry AA Grunder, Ph.D. Directeur de programme; analyse de l'ADN de volaille Disease resistance T.R Batra, Ph.D. Resistance aux maladies Molecular genetics of animal systems B.F. Benkel, Ph.D. Genetique moleculaire de la physiologie animale Disease resistance J.S. Gavora, C.Sc. Resistance aux maladies 88 Centre de recherches alimentaires et zootechniques 1992 Integration of molecular and AJ. Lee, Ph.D. Integration de la genetique moleculaire quantitative genetics in dairy cattle et quantitative chez les bovins laitiers Immunology, poultry nutrition M. Lessard, Ph.D. Immunologie et nutrition de la volaille Genetic evaluation, computer modeling c.Y. Lin, Ph.D. Evaluation de la genetique et modelisation par ordinateur Molecular and cellular genetics M.P. Sabour, Ph.D. Genetique cellulaire et moleculaireo Physiology-eggshell quality and c.P.w. Tsang, Ph.D. Physiologie-qualite de la coquille et egg production production d'reufs Gamete/Embryo Technologies Technologies des embryons-gametes Team Leader; Cryopreservation of P.S. Fiser, Ph.D. Directeur de programme; cryopreservation gametes, male reproductive physiology des gametes, physiologie de l'appareil reproducteur male Follicular growth, ovulation, female L. Ainsworth, Ph.D. Croissance fOlliculaire, ovulation, reproductive physiology physiologie de l'appareil reproducteur femelle Molecular reproduction . S. Bilodeau, M.Sc. Reproduction moleculaire (on educational leave) (en conge d'etudes) Embryo transfer, female reproductive AJ. Hackett, Ph.D. Transplantation d'embryon, physiologie physiology de l'appareil reproducteur femelle Animal genetic resource conservation J.N.B. Shrestha, Ph.D. Conservation des ressources en genetique animale Animal Behavior and Environmental Comportement animal et gestion de Management l'environnement Animal Behavior Comportement animal Team Leader; Livestock environment P.A Phillips, Ph.D. Directeur de programme; comportement animal Instrumentation and electronics D.J. Buckley, M.Sc. Appareillage et electronique Animal behavior, poultry R.w. Fairfull, Ph.D. Comportement animal-volailles Animal behavior, swine D.G. Fraser, Ph.D. Comportement animal-pores Animal behavior, poultry M.L. Leonard, Ph.D. Comportement animal-volailles Structure and Environment Structures et environnement Team Leader; Livestock waste N.K. Patni, Ph.D. Directeur de programme; utilisation des utilization, farm pollution dechets des animaux de ferme, lutte abatement, water pollution contre la pollution a la ferme, pollution de l'eau Farm structures; Engineer, H.A Jackson, M.Sc. Structure de la ferme, ingenierie; Canada Plan Service Service de plans Canada, Coordination Unit Centre de conception et de dessin Farm structures; Engineer, D.1. Masse, M.Sc. Structure de la ferme, ingenierie; Canada Plan Service Service de plans Canada, Centre de Coordination Unit conception et de dessin (on educational leave) (en conge d'etudes) Livestock environment, farm structures; J.A Munroe, Ph.D. Environnement des animaux, structure Director, Canada Plan Service de la ferme, Service de plans Canada, Coordination Unit Centre de conception et de dessin Mndate The food program at the Centre for Food • animal behavior and environmental Achievements and Animal Research (CFAR) develops management. Tribute John D. Jones, a senior scientist, methods for assessing and enhancing the Within each area of research, specific died unexpectedly on 12 September 1991. safety, quality, and nutrition of food. The multidisciplinary research teams carry out He was recognized nationally and animal program conducts long-term internationally for his work on extracting oil research on studies on a commodity basis on dairy, beef, swine, and poultry as well as on projects in from oilseeds, preparing protein concentrates, • safety and quality of animal feeds and food safety, quality, and processing. Studies utilizing canol a, and more recently, for products involve extensive collaboration with external processing neo sugars from Jerusalem • applications of biotechnologies that partners. artichoke. increase production efficiency Centre for Food and Animal Research 1992 89 Canola oil Studies showed that canola oil cooling. Microstructural studies revealed Disease resistance Attempts to introduce in infant formulas is well digested. It caused that the ratio of fat cells to connective tissue an envelope DNA coding region from a no gross pathological and histological had changed and that collagen formed rotavirus into the host cells to make calves abnormalities specific to dietary oils in any compact zones between the adhering cuts. resistant to diarrhea produced transfected tissues. A haematological response appears Milk Permeate obtained from the animal cells in tissue culture. Mice, as pilot to be related to its high content of linolenic ultrafiltration of milk consists of lactose and .animals, showed stable inheritance of the and saturated fatty acids. minerals. Removal of the minerals by transgenes. In research under an industry Use of the noninvasive 31p_NMR electrodialysis improved the quality of the contract, we developed a new assay technique showed that erucic acid permeate and also reflected in the structure technique, based on the polymerase chain metabolism does not uncouple oxidative of spray-dried powder. The powder consists reaction (PCR), to detect the presence of phosphorylation in the rat heart. This result of globular and sharp-edged particles. specific endogenous viral (ev) genes. First settled a 20-year controversy that arose Electron microscopy and X-ray results from a challenge test of commercial when rats were fed rapeseed oil high in microanalysis revealed that the globular and experimental chickens indicated that ev erucic acid. The NMR data show that erucic particles contained most of the minerals genes did not influence resistance to the acid is metabolized by the heart, and that such as potassium, sodium, calcium, and new, highly virulent AC-1 virus of Marek's energy production and work output are phosphorus. Lactose present in the form of disease. normal. Therefore, canola oil, which now a-monohydrate crystals contains water; this Molecular genetics Caseins represent a contains less than 2% erucic acid, can be crystalline water makes the powders major protein fraction of cow's milk. We considered safe. resistant to caking upon exposure to humid have applied a new DNA assay, based on Vitamin C and dietary fiber in potatoes atmosphere. PCR, to 643 Canadian Holstein bulls and Potatoes are a good source of vitamin C Microbial safety of egg washwater We have calves. We found that one of the most despite the variation in the cultivars and the developed a rapid method for determining popular sires in the Canadian A1 industry effect of growing location. Seven cultivars the microbiological quality of egg washwater carries and transmits the desirable B variant grown across Canada varied in their vitamin based on reducing resazurin dye. Dye for casein. Thus the occurrence of this gene C content from 5.1 to 29.7 mg with a mean reduction times correlated well with viable. can be increased in Canadian and content of 14.3 mg/100 g fresh weight. bacterial number, which allowed us to international markets. Gravimetric methods were used to identify washwater samples with Conversions of beef sire proofs Beef sires of determine the dietary fiber of potatoes unacceptably high counts ( > 105 colony- either American or Canadian origin are used purchased in the spring and fall. On a dry forming units per millilitre) within 3 h. This in both countries. The two sets of proofs for basis little variation in soluble and insoluble test can be readily adapted for use by each sire are not directly comparable fibre was noted due to cooking. Apparent inspectors on site at egg-grading facilities. because of the different models and seasonal variation may result from storage, Oat gum and l3-glucan High-performance parameter estimates used to evaluate sires. growing location, or cultivar. chromatography has been used to analyze We have developed computer algorithms Mycotoxins Our research found that levels oligosaccharides released by a specific and programs to convert sire proofs from of mycotoxins such as deoxynivalenol enzyme from oat and barley l3-glucans.The one country to the other to provide a sound (DON) and zearalenone can be reduced previously identified difference in structure basis for comparison. Conversion factors significantly in contaminated grain by simple between oat and barley l3-glucans, between Canada and the United States now washing techniques. The main effect in represented by tri-to-tetrasaccharide ratio, exist for Angus, Limousin, Horned swine of low levels of DON ( < 3 parts per was confirmed; but no differences were Hereford, and Polled Hereford breeds. million) is feed refusal. This activity appears observed among the higher oligosaccharides Cryopreservation A cooperative study on to begin in the gastrointestinal tract. that represent celluloselike regions of the cryopreservation of boar semen resulted in a Growing mice and growing pigs have similar molecule. We have completed a study of the significantly improved protocol for dose-dependent linear response to effect of different doses of oat gum, preservation based on the three-way increasing concentration of DON and T-2 viscosity-modified oat gum, and guar gum on interaction between freezing rate, thawing toxin. Combining the toxicants potentiated postprandial blood glucose in healthy human rate, and the concentration of glycerol. The the toxicityabove that of the individual toxins. subjects. The results showed a highly present North American system of semen Flavonoids Feeding studies with vitamin- significant inverse linear relationship packaging, which uses pellets on dry ice, is and selenium-deficient chicks showed that between the rise in postprandial blood inadequate for optimal cryopreservation some flavonoids also have useful antioxidant glucose and log viscosity. because it cannot accommodate the optimal activity. Rutin and silymarin markedly Alk(en)ylresorcinols Alkyl- and alkenyl- freezing and thawing rates. reduced the incidence and severity of resorcinols are potential allergens. These Storage of embryos A collaborative study to exudative diathesis. Quercetin, morin, and minor compounds occur in some cereals develop technology for storing manipulated ferulic acid inhibited the development of such as wheat, rye, and triticale and in other and split mammalian embryos evaluated nutritional muscular dystrophy. plants, fungi, and fruits. We have developed survival of supercooled demi-embryos after Pork quality Roast pork from animals fed sensitive analytical methods for specific transfer into synchronized recipients. experimental diets had a different alk(en)ylresorcinols using acetone for Supercooling for 3 days did not affect macrostructure compared to regular extraction and high-performance liquid survival in terms of live births produced. commercial roast pork. Slices from roasts of chromatography (HPLC) for quantitation. Nuclear transfer A collaborative study with the experimental animals fused together on industry to develop procedures for cloning 90 Centre de recherches alimentaires et zootechniques 1992 bovine embryos by nuclear transfer has quantities of about 40 t. We identified and Vitamin E Research has shown that cattle improved the methods for the maturation of modified several steps in the process that make good use of the ester forms of vitamin bovine oocytes harvested from slaughter previously gave rise to product of variable E, which attributed to the action of rumen house ovaries. The maturation medium quality. The current procedures result in microorganisms increasing the availability of containing oviductal cells significantly soybean meal that has 85-90% of its the synthetic forms of vitamin E. Extensive increased the maturation as well as the protein protected as judged by the nylon bag hydrolysis of the vitamin E esters occurs in developmental capacity of oocytes after technique. The amino acid composition of the rumen and there is formation of finely fertilization in vitro. The modification in the treated meals shows more than 80% dispersed micelles in the small intestine. Bile embryo culture technology also resulted in protection. Milk from cows fed control diets salts and pancreatic juice in the intestinal complete in vitro development of embryos and diets containing protected soybean meal lumen, solubilize the mixed micelles cloned by nuclear transfer, from fusion to showed no difference in the formaldehyde allowing absorption of vitamin E through the time of their placement into the content. the lymph. Supplementing vitamin E at the reproductive tract of recipients. This Experiments with rumen- and daily rate of 1000 IU per cow during the dry technique has eliminated the difficult step of duodenal-fistulated sheep have shown about period and up to 90 days of lactation agar embedding and in vivo culture of three times more feed protein flows into the significantly increased vitamin E in blood embryos in sheep oviducts. intestine of sheep fed the protected SBM plasma and milk. Vitamin E supplementation Relaxin Studies with McGill and Rutgers than of animals fed untreated meal. A also reduced percent of udder quarters universities have followed the ontogeny of feeding trial with 60 high-producing dairy infected with clinical mastitis and lowered relaxin (RLX) gene expression during cows showed that feeding protected SBM milk somatic cell counts during the first preovulatory development of the porcine increases milk production by about 3%. 3 months of lactation. follicle and throughout development of the We used the artificial rumen technique Jerusalem artichoke We have improved the corpus luteum. Maturation of porcine to study the stability of N-acetylated lysine process for producing Jerusalem artichoke preovulatory follicles was associated with an and methionine. The lysine derivatives were flour from the raw tuber. Large quantities of increase in RLX gene expression and RLX quite stable under rumen conditions, so it tubers can now be processed daily. The flour transcript was localized only in theca interna may be possible to use this technique to has been incorporated into weaned pig cells. Using alkaline phosphatase (AP) produce rumen-protected amino acids. In rations. Feeding trials indicate that growth staining as a marker for theca intern a- vitro incubation with intestinal enzymes and feed intake are not impaired, but that derived lutein cells, we showed that theca effectively released lysine. changes occur in feces color, smell, and intern a cells remain able to express the RLX microbiological profile. gene as the corpus luteum develops. With Rumen protozoa The presence of a Farrowing crate design Studies identified luteal regression both staining and gene protozoal population in the rumen of sheep environmental features selected by sows expression declined. decreased wool growth by 35% because of decreased supply of bacterial protein to the near farrowing, such as different degrees of Rumen bacterial plasmids We have intestinal tract. However, supplemental visual enclosure. They preferred farrowing completed DNA sequence and functional dietary bentonite neutralized 84% of the crates with solid side panels over enclosed analyses of a rumen bacterial plasmid. We effect of protozoa on wool growth by crates of tubular metal. They also preferred have designed hybridization probes to • decreasing the microbial degradation of crates wide enough for the sow to turn determine the relatedness and host range of feed protein in the rumen (1.2 m) over narrower crates that prevented plasm ids isolated from the rumen bacterium turning (0.45-0.75 m). The results will be • increasing the supply of feed protein to Butyrivibrio. This information will be used to incorporated into practical crate designs that the intestinal tract. develop gene-cloning vectors for this stillprovide a high degree of piglet protection. bacterial genus, which will function within a The dietary supplement of bentonite Tail biting Tail biting by pigs is a form of defined range of bacterial hosts within the decreased, whereas a supplement of abnormal behavior with important economic rumen. monensin increased the absorption of and animal welfare implications. Behavioral dietary copper. The detection of proteins expressed studies showed that pigs provided with small from natural or synthetic genes is difficult if Supplementary protein In co-operation with amounts of straw daily in a wall-mounted the protein has no readily assayed activity. branch locations at Lennoxville,Kapuskasing, rack found their environment considerably Under appropriate conditions, a 57 amino and Nappan, we determined the efficacy of enriched. They spent much less time in acid fragment, the a-peptide of different sources of protein for growing mutual chewing, which can lead to tail-biting j3-galactosidase can be detected using a steers fed grass silage. Fishmeal was the outbreaks. Inadequate dietary protein commercially available monoclonal most effective protein supplement, greatly increases the pig's natural attraction antibody. This observation has been used to increasing liveweight gain by 86% when to blood. This common dietary problem may develop a method to allow sensitive compared to an all silage diet. Soybean cause tail-biting to escalate once it has detection of any protein that has an meal, canola meal, meat meal, and a 1:1 begun. a-peptide "tag". mixture of corn gluten meal and blood meal Poultry behavior Layer breeders may be increased gains by 67, 67, 53, and 66%, Protected protein In collaboration with an reared from hatch to adulthood in either respectively. The differences between industrial partner, we have successfully single- or mixed-sex groups. Studies protein sources was not explained by rumen scaled up the process developed at CFAR to examined the effect of these rearing undegradable protein as determined by protect soybean meal (SBM) from rumen practices on adult behavior. Males reared in degradation to produce commercial nylon bag or enzymatic techniques. Centre for Food and Animal Research 1992 91 all-male groups were less sexually active and • applications des biotechniques qui 29,7 mg, pour une teneur moye.nne de more aggressive than males reared with permettent d'augmenter l'efficacite de 14,3 mg/IOOg a l'etat frais. Des analyses females. In addition, more successful mating production gravimetriques ont permis de determiner la occurred when males and females were • comportement animal et gestion du teneur en fibres alimentaires des pommes de matched for rearing condition (i.e., both milieu. terre achetees au printemps et a l'automne. were reared with, or both were reared Pour ce qui est de la matiere seche, on a without, the opposite sex). Dans chaque volet, des equipes enregistre peu de variation entre les fibres specifiques de recherche multidisciplinaire Natural ventilation We evaluated the solubles et les fibres insolubles attribuable a se consacrent a l'etude des produits laitiers, la cuisson. La variation saisonniere semble effects of automatic control strategy and des bovins, des porcs et des volailles, ainsi thermostat location on the performance of etre causee par l'entreposage et Ie lieu de qu'a l'innocuite, la qualite et la transformation culture ou Ie type de cultivar. natural ventilation in warm livestock des aliments. Dans bien des cas, ces housing. A modulated versus nonmodulated recherches exigent une collaboration Myeotoxines Les concentrations de type of control system gave improved poussee avec des partenaires de l'exterieur. mycotoxines, telles que Ie desoxynivalenol performance and less temperature variation (DON) et la zearalenone, dans les matieres across the barn. The preferred thermostat Realisations cerealieres contaminees peuvent etre location was about 3 m from the wall and reduites de fa<;onimportante par de simples Hommages M. John D. Jones, chercheur only high enough above the floor to be out techniques de lavage. La presence de DON, principal, nous a quittes prematurement Ie of the reach of the livestock. meme en concentrations faibles ( < 3 parties 12septembre 1991.Sa reputation, a l'echelle par million), a pour principale repercussion Manure gases Research in commercial nationale et internationale, etait assuree tant d'entrainer un refus des aliments qui semble swine barns measured high concentrations of dans les domaines de l'extraction de I'huile debuter dans Ie tractus gastro-intestinal. hydrogen sulfide (HzS) gas at the time of des oleagineux que dans ceux de la Chez les souris et les porcelets en croissance, manure slurry mixing but found these to be preparation de concentres proteiques, de on a observe des reponses similaires transient and short-term. Because of the l'utilisation du canola et, plus recemment, de proportionnelles a l'accroissement de la dose release of potentially lethal levels of gas, la transformation des sucres neo tires du administree de DON et de la toxine T-2. time-weighted average HzS concentrations topinambour. are not useful for indicating hazardous Vne combinaison de substances toxiques a Huile de eanola Des etudes ont montre conditions. Manure pit exhaust fans that occasionne une potentialisation de la toxicite que I'huile de canola presente dans les function properly effectively reduce the qui n'a pas ete observee en presence de preparations pour nourrissons est bien hazard to operators and animals. toxines individuelles. digeree. Elle n'entraine aucune anomalie Flavonoides Des essais d'alimentation pathologique et histologique grossiere des Resources menes sur des poussins ayant des carences tissus reliee aux huiles alimentaires. Vne en vitamine et en selenium ont montre que The Centre for Food and Animal Research reponse hematologique semble liee a sa certains flavonoides peuvent exercer une is located on the Central Experimental Farm teneur elevee en acides linoleniques et en activite antioxydante utile. La rutine et la and has research facilities in seven buildings. acides gras satures. The food program has specialized facilities silymarine ont reduit de fa<;onmarquee for sensory and instrumental evaluation of Comme la methode non invasive l'incidence et la gravite de la diathese food, for food microstructure research, and 31P-RMN l'a demontre, Ie metabolisme de exsudative, tan dis que la querci:tine, la for pilot plant processing. The facilities for l'acide erucique n'entraine pas un morine et l'acide ferulique ont empeche Ie animals and some supplementary decouplement de la phosphorylation developpement de la dystrophi 92 Centre de recherches alimentaires et zootechniques 1992 qualite du permeat ainsi que la structure de d'analyse sensibles permettant de depister la Cryopreservation Une etude effectuee en la poudre de lait sechee par atomisation. La presence d'alkylresorcinols et collaboration sur la cryopreservation du poudre contient des particules globuleuses d'alcenylresorcinols specifiques en se servan t sperme de verrat a donne lieu a et anguleuses. Des examens au microscope de l'acetone pour l'extraction et de la CLHP l'etablissement d'un protocole de electronique et une micro-analyse aux (chromatographie liquide haute preservation tres ameliore; ce protocole est rayons X ont montre que les particules performance) pour Ie dosage. fonde sur Ie rapport trilateral existant entre globuleuses contenaient la plus grande Resistance aux maladies Les essais, visant a la vitesse de congelation, la vitesse de partie des mineraux tels que Ie potassium, Ie introduire dans les cellules h6tes un decongelation et la concentration du sodium, Ie calcium et Ie phosphore. Le fragment d'ADN correspondant a un codon glycerol. La methode d'emballage du lactose present sous la forme de cristaux de de l'enveloppe d'un rotavirus afin de rendre sperme qui est utilisee a l'heure actuelle en a-monohydrate contient de l'eau; cette eau les veaux resistants a la diarrhee, ont produit Amerique du Nord (paillettes sur neige de cristallisation confere aux poudres une des cellules animales transfectees dans les carbonique) ne permet pas une resistance a l'agglutination lorsqu'elles sont cultures de tissus. La stabilite de I'heredite cryopreservation optimale, car elle ne tient exposees a l'humidite. des transgenes a ete demontree chez les pas compte des vitesses optimales de Qualite microbiologique de l'eau de lavage souris utilisees comme animaux pilotes. Lors congelation et de decongelation. des reufs On a mis au point une methode de recherches confiees par contrat a Entreposage des embryons Une etude en rapide permettant de determiner la qualite l'industrie, on a developpe une nouvelle collaboration sur Ie developpement des microbiologique de l'eau de lavage des ceufs methode d'analyse, fondee sur la reaction en techniques d'entreposage des embryons de en se fondant sur la reduction de la chaIne de la polymerase, permettant de mammiferes soumis a des manipulations et a resazurine. On a pu etablir facilement une depister la presence de genes viraux des sectionnements a permis d'evaluer la correlation entre les temps de reduction du endogenes specifiques. Des resultats survie de demis-embryons maintenus en etat colorant (resazurine) et Ie nombre de preliminaires d'un test de provocation de surfusion apres implantation dans des bacteries viables, ce qui a perm is d'identifier administre a des poulets commerciaux et receveuses aptes. Le maintien en etat de en 3 hIes echantillons d'eau de lavage experimentaux ont indique que les genes surfusion pendant 3jours n'a pas inf1ue sur contenant des quantites de bacteries viraux endogenes n'inf1uaient pas sur la la survie des demis-embryons, si I'on inacceptables (> 105 unites formant colonie resistance au nouveau virus AC-l, tres considere Ie nombre de naissances vivantes. par millilitre). Cette epreuve peut facilement virulent, de la maladie de Marek. Transfert de noyaux Une etude menee en etre integree au travail des inspecteurs dans Genetique moleculaire Les caseines collaboration avec I'industrie sur les postes de classement des ceufs. constituent une fraction proteique l'elaboration de methodes pour Ie clonage 13-glucane de la gomme d'avoine On a importante du lait de vache. On a soumis des embryons de bovins par transfert de utilise la chromatographie a haute 643 taureaux et veaux canadiens de race noyaux a permis d'ameliorer les methodes performance pour analyser les Holstein a une nouvelle analyse de l'ADN utilisees pour accelerer la maturation oligosaccharides liberes par l'action d'un fondee sur la reaction en chaIne de la d'oocYtes preIeves en abattoir sur des enzyme specifique sur les 13-glucanesde polymerase. On a decouvert qu'un des ovaires. Le milieu de maturation contenant l'avoine et de l'orge. On a confirme la reproducteurs les plus en demande dans des cellules de l'oviducte a accelere de fa<;on difference de structure decelee l'industrie canadienne de l'insemination importante la maturation ainsi que la anterieurement, representee par Ie rapport artificielle portait et transmettait la variante capacite de developpement des oocytes trisaccharides - tetrasaccharides, entre les B recherchee de la caseine. On pourra done apres fertilisation in vitro. Les changements 13-glucanesde l'orge et de l'avoine, mais on accroltre l'occurrence de ce gene sur les apportes a la technique de culture des n'a observe aucune difference dans les marches canadiens et internationaux. embryons ont egalement permis d'obtenir Ie oligosaccharides presentant un degre plus Conversion des resultats des epreuves developpement complet in vitro d'embryons eleve de polymerisation, representatifs des administrees aux taureaux de boucherie Les clones par transfert de noyaux, a partir de la regions de la molecule semblable a la taureaux de boucherie, qu'ils soient d'origine fusion des noyauxjusqu'a leur implantation cellulose. On a termine une etude portant americaine ou canadienne, sont utilises tant dans les organes reproducteurs des vaches sur I'effet de doses differentes de gomme au Canada qu'aux Etats-Unis. Les deux receveuses. Cette technique a permis d'avoine, de gomme d'avoine dont la ensembles d'epreuves pour chacun des d'eliminer I'inclusion dans la gelose, etape viscosite est modifiee et de gomme guar sur taureaux ne sont pas directement difficile de la culture d'embryons, et la les taux postprandiaux de glucose dans Ie comparables en raison des differents culture in vivo d'embryons dans des sang de sujets en bonne sante. On a observe modeles et parametres utilises pour oviductes de brebis. un rapport lineaire inverse tres important l'evaluation des taureaux. On a mis au point Relaxine Des etudes en collaboration avec entre l'augmentation des tauxpostprandiaux des algorithmes et des programmes les universites McGill et Rutgers ont permis de glucose dans Ie sang et l'indice d'ordinateur qui permettent d'adapter les d'etablir l'ontogenese de l'expression logarithmique de viscosite. resultats des epreuves d'un pays a un autre genetique de la relaxine (RLX) durant Ie Alkylresorcinols et alcenylresorcinols Les et de fournir une bonne base de developpement preovulatoire du follicule et alkylresorcinols et les alcenylresorcinols sont comparaison. II existe main tenant des pendant l'elaboration du corps jaune chez Ie des allergenes potentiels. Ces composes facteurs de conversion entre Ie Canada et les pore. La maturation des follicules dans la mineurs se trouvent dans certaines cereales Etats-Unis pour les races Angus, Limousin periode precedant l'ovulation a ete associee comme Ie ble, Ie seigle et la triticale et dans et Hereford avec comes et Hereford sans a un accroissement de l'expression genetique certains autres fruits, champignons et comes. de la relaxine, et Ie produit de transcription plantes. On a mis au point des methodes Centre for Food and Animal Research 1992 93 de la relaxine a ete repere seulement dans Des experiences menees sur des qu'elle a ete determinee par la technique des les cellules de la theque interne. A l'aide du moutons porteurs d'une canule dans Ie sachets de nylon ou la technique colorant de la phosphatase alcaline comme rumen et dans Ie duodenum ont montre qu'il enzymatique, n'a pas permis d'expliquer les marqueur des cellules luteiniques derivees y avait environ trois fois plus de proteines ecarts entre les differentes sources de la the que interne, on a montre que ces alimentaires qui se rendaient a l'intestin proteiques. dernieres conservaient leur habilete a chez les moutons ayant ete nourris avec du Vitamine E Les recherches ont montre que exprimer Ie gene codant pour la relaxine tourteau de soja protege que chez les moutons les bovins tirent profit des formes esters de durant l'elaboration du corps jaune. Avec la ayant regu du tourteau non traite. Vn essai la vitamine E grace a l'action des regression des cellules luteiniques, tant la d'alimentation mene sur soixante vaches microorganismes du rumen qui accroissent coloration que l'expression du gene ont laitieres fortes productrices a montre que la la disponibilite des formes synthetiques de la diminue. consommation de tourteau de soja protege vitamine E. Vne hydrolyse poussee des. Plasmides bacteriens du rumen On a suscite une augmentation approximative de esters de la vitamine E se produit dans Ie termine l'etude de la sequence de l'ADN et 3 % de la production de lait. rumen et il s'ensuit une formation de l'analyse fonctionnelle d'un plasmide On a etudie la stabilite de la lysine et de micelles finement dispersees dans l'intestin bacterien du rumen et on a choisi des sondes la methionine N-acetylees a l'aide de la greIe. Sous l'action des sels biliaires et du suc d'hybridation pour determiner Ie degre de technique du rumen artificiel. On a constate pancreatique se trouvant dans la lumiere parente et l'eventail des hOtes des plasmides que les derives de la lysine etaient intestinale, les micelles sont solubilisees, isoles de la bacterie du rumen, Butyrivibrio. relativement stables dans Ie rumen et qu'il permettant l'absorption de la vitamine E par Les renseignements obtenus permettront de pourrait etre possible d'utiliser cette l'intermediaire de la lymphe. La mettre au point des vecteurs de clonage de technique pour produire des acides amines complementation de la ration en vitamine E genes, pour ce genre de bacterie, qui seront proteges contre la degradation dans Ie au moyen de doses quotidiennes de diriges vers un eventail defini d'hOtes rumen. L'incubation in vitro d'enzymes 1000 V.I. par vache durant la periode de bacteriens dans Ie rumen. intestinales a effectivement donne lieu a la tarissement et pendant les 3 premiers mois II est difficile de detecter les proteines liberation de lysine. de la periode de lactation a permis d'accroltre de fagon marquee liaquantite de issues de l'expression de genes naturels ou Protozoaires du rumen La presence d'une de genes de synthese lorsque l'activite de ces population de protozoaires dans Ie rumen de vitamine E dans Ie plasma sanguin et dans Ie proteines ne peut pas etre facilement moutons a amene une diminution de 35 % lait. En outre, la complementa.tion en mesuree. Dans des conditions appropriees, de la croissance de la laine en raison d'une vitamine E a permis de reduin~ Ie pourcentage de vaches atteintl~s d'une on peut detecter un fragment compose de reduction de l'apport en proteines mammite clinique et a occasionne une 57 acides amines, l'a-peptide de la bacteriennes dans Ie tractus intestinal. diminution du nombre de cellules 13-galactosidase,a l'aide d'un anticorps Cependant, l'ajout de bentonite alimentaire somatiques dans Ie lait au COUTS des monoclonal disponible sur Ie marche. A a la ration a neutralise 84 % des effets des 3 premiers mois de la lactatioll. partir de cette observation, on a developpe protozoaires sur la croissance de la laine une methode qui permet de detecter de • en diminuant la degradation microbienne Topinambour On a ameliore Ie pro cede de fagon precise toute proteine renfermant un des proteines alimentaires dans Ie rumen production de farine de topinambour a a-peptide. • en augmentant l'apport de proteines partir du tubercule cru, si bien que de gran des quantites de tubercules peuvent etre Proteines protegees Le procede elabore au aliment aires dans Ie tractus intestinal. traitees quotidiennement. La farine ainsi Centre de recherches alimentaires et L'ajout de bentonite la ration a a obtenue a ete incorporee a la ration du zootechniques, en collaboration avec un diminue l'absorption de cuivre alimentaire, porcelet sevre, et des essais d'alimentation partenaire de l'industrie, visant a proteger Ie tandis que I'ajout de monensin I'a montrent que la croissance et la prise tourteau de soja contre la degradation dans augmentee. alimentaire des porcelets n'ont pas ete Ie rumen sera desormais utilise a une plus Complement de proteines En collaboration influenceesde fagon defavorable. grande echelle pour une production avec des etablissements de la Direction Cependant, on a note des modifications dans commerciale d'environ 40 t. On a etabli et generale situees a Lennoxville, Kapuskasing la couleur, l'odeur et les caracteristiques modifie un certain nombre d'etapes du et Nappan, on a etabli l'efficacite de microbiologiques des feces. procede qui avaient donne lieu differentes sources de proteines pour les anterieurement a la production d'un Conception des cages de mise-bas Des bouvillons en croissance recevant des tourteau de qualite variable. La methode .etudes ont permis d'etablir les conditions ensilages de graminees. La farine de actuelle permet d'obtenir un tourteau de environnementales recherchees par les poisson, en entralnant un gain de poids vif soja dont 85 a 90 % des proteines sont truies a la veille de mettre ba~;,comme les de 86 %, s'est revelee Ie complement protegees, selon les resultats fournis par la differents degres de confinement visuel. Les proteique Ie plus efficace en comparaison technique des sachets de dacron. La truies ont prefere les cages faites de cloisons d'une ration ne contenant que des ensilages. composition en acides amines des tourteaux laterales pleines aux cages faites de tubes de Le tourteau de soja, Ie tourteau de canola, la traites indique que plus de 80 % des m6tal. ElIes ont egalement prMere les cages farine de viande et un melange compose de proteines sont protegees. On n'a note assez larges pour leur permettre de se parties egales de farine de gluten de ma"iset aucune difference dans la teneur en retourner (1,2 m) aux cages plus etroites les de farine de sang ont permis des formaldehyde du lait provenant de vaches empechant de se retourner (0',45-0,75 m). augmentations respectives du gain ponderal nourries avec des rations temoins et celui de On prendra en compte les conclusions de ces de 67, 67, 53 et 66 %. La quantite de vaches nourries avec du tourteau de soja etudes lors de la conception de cages de proteines non degradees dans Ie rumen, telle traite. 94 Centre de recherches alimentaires et zootechniques 1992 mise-bas, tout en prenant soin de continuer. lors du melange du fumier liquide dans les (Allium sativant). Riv. Ital. Essenze Profumi a assurer aux porcelets une grande porcheries commerciales. En raison de la Piante Offic. Aromi Saponi Cosmet. Aerosol protection. liberation de concentrations potentiellement 2:455-461. Mordillement de fa queue La pratique du lethales, l'etablissement de concentrations Braaten, J.T.; Wood, P.J.; Scott, F.W; et al. mordillement de la queue chez les pores de HzS a partir d'une moyenne ponderee en 1991. Oat gum, a soluble fibre which lowers revele un comportement anormal qui a des fonction du temps ne s'est pas revele utile glucose and insulin in normal individuals repercussions importantes sur Ie plan tant pour la detection de conditions dangereuses. after an oral glucose load: comparison with economique que du bien-etre des animaux. Des ventilateurs d'extraction en bon etat de guar gum. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 53:1425-1430. Des etudes du comportement ont montre marche, installes dans les fosses a fumier, Butler, G.; Poste, L.M.; Grunder, AA; et al. que l'apport quotidien de petites quantites diminuent efficacement les risques pour les 1991. Influence of breed, finisher diet, sex de paille dans un riitelier a montage mural operateurs et les animaux. and age at slaughter on cooking and sensory ameliore considerablement les conditions Ressources properties of broiler geese. Arch. environnementales et reduit de beaucoup Ie Gefluegelk.55:176-181. temps que les pores passent a se mordiller la Le Centre de recherches alimentaires et queue mutuellement, pratique qui peut zootechniques occupe sept biitiments de la Choiniere, Y.; Munroe, J.A; Menard, 0.; eventuellement prendre des proportions Ferme experimentale centrale a Ottawa. II Blais, F. 1991. Thermostat location for a inquietantes. Une ration pauvre en proteines possede des installations specialisees pour naturally ventilated swine barn. Can. Agric. alimentaires accroit de fa«on import ante l'evaluation sensorielle et instrumentale des Eng. 33:169-177. l'attraction naturelle du pore a l'egard du aliments, pour la recherche sur la Collins, F.W; McLachlan, D.G.; Blackwell, sang. Un probleme alimentaire de nature microstructure des aliments et pour la B.A 1991. Avenanlumic acids, a new group aussi courante peut done entrainer une transformation de ces derniers dans des of bound phenolic acids from oat groats and flambee de cette pratique cannibale. unites pilotes. II y a egalement des hulls. Cereal Chern. 68:184-189. installations pour les animaux et quelques Comportement des volailles Les autres laboratoires situes a 14 Ian de la, dans Dayrell, M. de S.; Ivan, M.; Hidiroglou, M. reproducteurs de ponte peuvent etre eleves, la Ferme experimentale de la ceinture de 1991. The effects of rumen protozoa on a partir de l'eclosion jusqu'a l'iige adulte, verdure, d'une superficie de 1 100 ha, a selenium status in sheep. Can. J. Anim. Sci. dans des groupes coniposes de sujets du Nepean, en Ontario. 71:1269-1270. meme sexe ou des deux sexes. Des Emmons, D.B.; Binns, M.R. 1990. chercheurs ont examine les effets de ces Le Centre dispose au total de 300 Milk-clotting enzymes. 4. Proteolysis during pratiques d'elevage sur Ie comportement des annees-personnes. La categorie des cheddar cheese making in relation to volailles a l'age adulte. Les males eleves chercheurs et autres professionnels qui se estimated losses of basic yield using dans des groupes composes uniquement de consacrent a la recherche compte 78 chymosin derived by fermentation (A. niger) males se sont reveles moins actifs personnes. and modified enzyme from M. miehei. sexuellement et davantage agressifs que les Milchwissenschaft 46:343-347 . males eleves avec des femelles. De plus, les • essais d'accouplement ont ete davantage Erfle, J.D.; Teather, R.M. 1991. The reussis lorsque male et femelle avaient ete ResearCh Publications isolation and properties of a eleves dans des groupes de composition Publications de recherche (1,3)-13-D-glucanasefrom Ruminoeoeeus identique (c'est-a-dire lorsque male et Ainsworth, L.; Heaney, D.P.; Shrestha, flavefaeeins. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. femelle avaient ete eleves avec Ie sexe J.N.B. 1991. Age at puberty, fertility and 57:122-129. oppose ou que male et femelle avaient ete litter size of ewe lambs reared under Farnworth, E.R.; Dilawri, N.; ...; Modler, eleves avec des sujets de leur propre sexe). different photoregimens. Theriogenology H.W; et al. 1991. Studies on the effect of Ventilation naturelle On a evalue les 36:401'-409. adding Jerusalem artichoke flour to pig milk repercussions d'un plan de regulation Atwal, AS.; Hidiroglou, M.; Kramer, J.K.G. replacer. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 71:531-536. automatique de la temperature et de 1990. Effects offeeding canol a oil and Fiser, P.S.;Hansen, c.; Underhill, KL.; l'emplacement du thermostat sur Ie a-tocopherol on fatty acid composition and Marcus, G.J. 1991. New thermal stress test rendement de la ventilation naturelle dans oxidative stability of cow's milk. J. Dairy Sci. to assess the viability of cryopreserved boar des etables ou la temperature est elevee. 74:140-145. sperm. Cryobiology 28:454-459. L 'utilisation d'un systeme de regulation Bagnell, C.A; Tsark, W; ...; Ainsworth, L. module par comparaison a un systeme non Fiser, P.S.;Hansen, c.; Underhill, KL.; 1990. Relaxin gene expression in the porcine module a ameliore Ie rendement et Shrestha, J.N.B. 1991. The effect of induced follicle during preovulatory development occasionne moins d'ecarts de temperature ice nucleation (seeding) on the post-thaw induced by gonadotrophins. J. Mol. dans toute l'etable. On a constate que Ie motility and acrosomal integrity of boar Endocrinol. 5:211-219. meilleur emplacement pour Ie thermostat spermatozoa. Anim. Reprod. Sci. etait a environ 3 m du mur et a une hauteur Barrington, S.F.; Denis, J.; Patni, N.K 1991. 24:293- 304. suffisante pour empecher Ie betail de Leakage from two concrete manure tanks. Frank, R.; Clegg, B.S.; Patni, N.K. 1991. l'atteindre. Can. Agric. Eng. 33:137-141. Dissipation of atrazine on a clay loam soil, Ontario, Canada, 1986-90. Arch. Environ. Gaz de fumier On a observe des Belanger, A; Landry, B.; ...; Belanger, concentrations elevees, passageres et de J.M.R.; et al. 1991. Extraction et Contam. Toxicol. 21:41-50. courte duree de sulfure d'hydrogene (HzS) determination de composes volatils et l'ail Centre for Food and Animal Research 1992 95 Frank, R; Clegg, B.S.; Patni, N.K. 1991. administration of DL-a-tocopheryl acetate Laflamme, L.F.; Hidiroglou, M. 1991. Dissipation of cyanazine and metolachlor on and D-a-tocopheryl succinate. J. Dairy Sci. Effects of selenium and vitamin E a clay loam soil, Ontario, Canada, 1987-90. 74:2718-2723. administration on breeding of replacement Arch. Environ. Con tam. Toxicol. Hidiroglou, M.; Butler, G.; Ivan, M. 1990. beef heifers. Ann. Rech. Vet. 22:65-69. 21:253-262. Plasma vitamin E response in sheep dosed Laird, J.M.; Bartlett, F.M.; McKellar, RC. Fraser, D.; Phillips, P.A; Thompson, B.K; intraruminally or intraduodenally with 1991. Survival of Listeria monocytogenes in Tennessen T. 1991. Effects of straw on the various a-tocopherol compounds. Int. J. egg washwater. Int. J. Food Microbiol. behaviour of growing pigs. Appl. Anim. Vitam. Nutr. Res. 60:331-337. 12:115-118. Behav. Sci. 30:307-318. Imafidon, G.I.; Ng Kwai Hang, KF.; Langford, G.A; Shrestha, J.N.B. 1991. Gavora, J.S.; Benkel, B.F.; Sasada, H.; et al. Harwalkar, Y.R; Ma, c.-y. 1991. Seminal vesicle activity during cyclic or 1991. An attempt at sperm-mediated gene Differential scanning calorimetric study of stabilized testicular activity in rams. Anim. transfer in mice and chickens. Can. J. Anim. different genetic variant to 13-lactoglobulin. Reprod. Sci. 24:85-91. Sci. 71:287-291. J. Dairy Sci. 74:2416-2422. Ma, C.-Y. 1990. Thermal analysis of Gavora, J.S.; Kuhnlein, U.; Crittenden, L.B.; Imafidon, G.I.; Ng Kwai Hang, KF.; vegetable proteins and vegetable et al. 1990. Endogenous viral genes: Harwalkar, Y.R; Ma, c.-y. 1991. Effect of protein-based food products. Pages association with reduced egg production rate genetic polymorphism on the thermal 149-167 in Harwalkar, Y.R; Ma, c.-Y., eds. and egg size in White Leghorns. Poult. Sci. stability of 13-lactoglobulinand K-casein Thermal analysis of foods. Elsevier Science 70:618-623. mixtures. J. Dairy Sci. 74:1791-1802. Publishers Ltd., Essex, UK Grunder, AA; Cave, N.AG.; Pawluczuk, Ivan, M.; Hidiroglou, M.; Petit, H.Y. 1991. Ma, C.-Y. 1991. Food biotechnology. Pages B.; et al. 1991. Influence of breed, finisher Duodenal flow of nitrogen following 148-162 in Kao, C.K.; Young, K, eds. diet, age and sex on liveweight and carcass protozoal inoculation of fauna-free sheep Technology road maps for Hong Kong. traits of broiler geese. Arch. Gefluegelk. fed a diet supplemented with casein or Hong Kong Chinese University, Hong Kong. 55:148-152. soybean meal. Can. J. Anim. Sci. Ma, c.-Y.; Harwalkar, Y.R. 1991. Thermal Grunder, AA; Fairfull, RW.; Hamilton, 71:793-801. analysis of food proteins. Pages 317-366 in RM.G.; Thompson, B.K 1991. Correlations Ivan, M.; Charmley, L.L.; Neill, L.; Kinsella, J.E., ed. Advances in foods and between measures of eggshell quality or Hidiroglou, M. 1991. Metabolic changes in nutrition research, vol. 35. Academic Press, percentage of intact eggs and various the rumen following protozoal inoculation of New York, N.Y. economic traits. Poult. Sci. 70:1855-1860. fauna-free sheep fed a corn silage diet Ma, c.-Y.; Harwalkar, Y.R; Maurice, T.J. Grunder, AA; Pawluczuk, B. 1991. supplemented with casein or soybean meal. 1990. Instrumentation and techniques of Comparison of procedures for collecting Ann. Rech. Vet. 22:227- 238. termal analysis in food research. Pages 1- 15 semen from ganders and inseminating geese. Jenkins, KJ.; Hidiroglou, M. 1991. in Harwalkar, Y.R; Ma, C.-Y., eds. Thermal Poult. Sci. 70:1975-1980. Tolerance of the preruminant calf for excess analysis of foods. Elsevier Science Publishers Ltd., Essex, UK Harwalkar, Y.R; Ma, c.-y., eds. 1990. manganese or zinc in milk replacer. J. Dairy Thermal analysis of foods. Elsevier Science Sci. 74:1047-1053. Ma, C.-Y.; Yiu, S.H.; Khanzada, G. 1991. Publishers Ltd., Essex, UK 362 pp. Jenkins, KJ.; Kramer, J.KG. 1991.Effect of Study of rheological and structural properties of wiener-type products Hidiroglou, M. 1991. Plasma kinetics of excess dietary manganese on lipid composition of calf blood plasma, heart and substituted with vital wheat gluten. J. Food tritiated D-a-tocopherol in sheep given Sci. 56:228. intraveniously in emulsion or ethanol. AIm. liver. J. Dairy Sci. 74:3944-3948. Rech. Vet. 22:345-352. Jenkins, KJ.; Kramer, J.KG. 1991. Some Mackie, D.A; Elsaesser, J. 1991. Flavour defect reference standards for butter and Hidiroglou, M.; Charmley, E. 1991. dietary effects on fatty acid composition of phosphatidylinositol in calf tissues. Nutr. cheddar cheese. Can. Inst. Food Sci. Comparative studies on bioavailability and Res. 11:177-183. Techno!. J. 25:205-210. tissue uptake of two intraruminally or intraperitoneally administered esters of Kaleb, M.; Modler, H.W.; Carie, M.; Masse, D.I.; Munroe, J.A 1991. a-tocopherol in sheep. Am. J. Vet. Res. Milanovic, S. 1991. Structure, meltability Effectiveness of knee-braced stud and pole 52:640-642. and firmness of process cheese containing frames in windbracing farm structures. Can. Agric. Eng. 33:345-349. Hidiroglou, M.; Ivan, M. 1991. Plasma white cheese. Food Struct. 10:193-201. a-tocopherol profiles in sheep after oral Kramer, J.KG.; Sauer, F.D. 1991. Changes Masse, D.I.; Munroe, J.A; Phillips, P.A administration of DL-a-tocopheryl acetate in the diether-to-tetraether-lipid ratio during 1991. Durability of truss connections in and D-a-tocopheryl polythylene glycol-100 cell growth in Methanobaeterium naturally ventilated swine barn. Trans. succinate. Res. Vet. Sci. 51:177-179. thermoeultotrophieum. FEMS (Fed. Eur. ASAE (Am. Soc. Agric. Eng.) 34:625-627. Microbiol. Soc.) Microbiol. Lett. 83:45-50. Hidiroglou, M.; Karpinski, K 1991. McKellar, RC.; Harwalkar, Y.R.; Cholette, Disposition kinetics and dosage regimen of Kramer, J.KG.; Fouchard, RC.; Sauer, H. 1991. Rapid method for the vitamin E administered intramuscularly to F.D.; et al. 1991. Quantitating total and determination of orotic acid ill milk using sheep. Br. J. Nutr. 65:465-473. specific lipids in a small amount of biological FPLC. Milchwissenschaft 46~20- 22. sample by TLC-FID. J. Planar Chromatogr. Hidiroglou, M.; Singh, K 1991. Plasma a-tocopherol profiles in sheep after oral 4:42-45. 96 Centre de recherches alimentaires et zootectrniques 1992 Modler, H.W; McKellar, RC.; Yaguchi, M. Rotter, B.A; Thompson, B.K.; Prelusky, unadjusted feed and abdominal fat traits in a 1990. Bifidobacteria and bifidogenic factors. D.B.; Trenholm, H.L. 1991.Evaluation of broiler dam population. Poult. Sci. Can. Inst. Food Sci. Technol. J. 23:29-41. potential interactions involving 70:440-446. Mullin, WJ.; Collins, EW 1991. Purification trichothecene mycotoxins using the chick Wang, L.; McMillan, I.; Chambers, J.R and identification of alk(en)ylresorcinols. J. embryotoxicity bioassy. Arch. Environ. 1991. Genetic correlations among growth, Food Compos. Anal. 4:270-275. Contam. Toxicol. 21:621-624. feed and carcass traits of broiler sire and Mullin, WJ.; Jui, P.Y.; Nadeau, L.; Smyrl, Russell, L.E; Vanderslice, J.T. 1990. A dam populations. Poult. Sci. 70:719-725. T.L. 1991. Vitamin C content of seven comprehensive review of vitamin Bz Wood, P.J. 1991. Studien sur anreicherun cultivars of potatoes grown across Canada. analytical methodology. J. Micronutr. Anal. von p-glucan in haferspeisekleie und Can. Inst. Food Sci. Technol. J. 24:169-171. 8:257-310. mogliche ernahrungsphysiologische vort~ile Mullin, WJ.; Smith, J.M. 1991. Dietary fibre Sabour, M.P.; Ramsey, U.; Nagai, J. 1991. (From oats to oat bran: enrichment in in raw and cooked potatoes. J. Food Decreased frequency of the rat growth p-glucan and potential nutritional benefits). Compos. Anal. 4:100-106. hormone transgene in mouse populations Getreide Mehl Brot 11:327-331. with or without selection for increased adult Munroe, J.A; Choiniere, Y.; Blais, E 1991. Wood, P.J.; Weisz, J.; Blackwell, B.A. 1991. body weight. Theor. Appl. Genet. Molecular characterization of cereal Comparison of a modulated vs. 81:327-332. nonmodulated control system in a warm p-o-glucans. Structural analysis of oat naturally ventilated swine barn. Can Agric. Sauer, ED. 1991. Inhibition of p-o-glucan and rapid structural evaluation Eng. 33:329-334. methylcoenzyme M methylreductase by of p-o-glucans from different sources by high uridine 5' -diphospho-N-acetyl-glucosamine performance liquid chromatography of Pajor, E.A; Fraser, D.; Framer, D.L. 1991. derivative. Biochem. Biophys. Res. oligosaccharides released by lichenase. Consumption of solid food by suckling pigs: Commun. 174:619-624. Cereal Chern. 68:31-39. individual variation and relation to post -weaning performance. Appl. Anim. Shrestha, J.N.B.; Heaney, D.P.; Vesely, J.P. Wood, P.J.; Weisz, J.; Fedec, P. 1991. Behav. Sci. 32:139-155. 1991. Weighing procedures utilizing Potential for P-o-glucan enrichment of brans fully-feeding and overnight fasting for. derived from oat (Avena satia L.) cultivars of Pare, J.RJ.; Lafontaine, P.;Belanger, J.M.R assessing genetic potential in body weights different (1~33)(1 ~34)-P-o-glucan 1990. Artifacts in FAB-MS, part II: of Iambs. Small Ruminant Res. 3:117-127. concentration. Cereal Chern. 68:48-51. aggregate ions involving hydrochloric acid and diethanolamine. Anal. Chern. Sinha, R.P. 1991. Effect of carbohydrate on Wood, P.J.; Weisz, J.; Mahn, W 1991. 241:227-231. the viability of Streptococcus thennophilus. J. Molecular characterization of cereal Food Prot. 54:537-541. p-glucans. II. Size-exclusion chromatography Patni, N.K.; Clarke, S.P. 1991. Transient Sinha, R.P. 1991.Genetic characterization of for molecular weight. Cereal Chern. hazardous conditions in animal buildings 68:530-536. due to manure gas released during slurry partial lactose-fermenting revertants from mixing. Appl. Eng. Agric. 7:478-484. lactose-negative mutants of lactococci. Can. Viera, D.M.; Seone, J.R; Proulx, J.G. 1991. J. Microbiol. 37:281-286. Utilization of a supplement containing Patni, N.K.; Jui, P.Y. 1991. Nitrogen Sinha, RP. 1991. Stability of plasmids in ruminally protected amino acids. J. Anim. concentration variability in dairy cattle Sci. 69:4703-4709. slurry stored in farm tanks. Trans. ASAE lactococci during extended incubation in (Am. Soc. Agric. Eng.) 34:609-615. growth media. Can. J. Microbiol. Viera, D.M.; Charmley, E.; Butler, G.; et al. 37:488-490. 1991. The effect offrequency of feeding and Petit, H.Y.; Viera, D.M. 1991.Effect of grain supplementation with sucrose of alfalfa level and protein source on yield, feed intake Tamime, AY.; Kalab, M.; Davies, G.; Mahdi, H.A 1991. Microstructure of silage on fermentation in the rumen of and blood traits of lactating cows fed alfalfa sheep. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 71:725-737. silage. J. Dairy Sci. 74:1923-1932. firmness of labneh (high solids yoghurt) made from cow's, goat's, sheep's milk by a Yiu, S.H.; Weisz, J.; Wood, P.J. 1991. Phillips, P.A; Fraser, D. 1991. Discovery of traditional method or by ultrafiltration. Comparison of the effects of microwave and selected water dispensers by newborn pigs. Food Struct. 10:37-44. conventional cooking on rolled oats. Cereal Can. J. Anim. Sci. 71:233-236. Topp, E.; Akhtar, M.H. 1991. Identification Chern. 68:372-375. Phillips, P.A; Fraser, D.; Thompson, B.K. and characterization of a pseudomonas 1991. Preference by sows fora partially strain capable of metabolizing enclosed farrowing crate. Appl. Anim. phenoxybenzoates. Appl. Environ. Behav. Sci. 32:35-43. Microbiol. 57:1294-1300. Pomeroy, M.K.; Kramer, J.K.G.; Hunt,p.J.; Trenholm, H.L.; Charmley, L.L.; Prelusky, Keller, WA 1991. Fatty acid changes during D.B.; Warner, RM. 1991. The efficacy of development of zygotic and microspore- two physical methods for the derived embryos of Brassica napus. Physiol. decontamination of four cereals Plant. 81:447-454. contaminated with deoxynivalenol and Prelusky, D.B.; Trenholm, H.L. 1991. Tissue zearalenone. J. Agric. Food Chern. distribution of deoxynivalenol in swine 39:356-360. dosed intravenously. J. Agric. Food Chern. Wang, L.; Chambers, J.R; McMillan, I. 39:748-751. 1991. Heritabilities of adjusted and Centre for Food and Animal Research 1992 97 CENTRE FOR LAND AND BIOLOGICAL CENTRE DE RECHERCHES SUR LES'TERRES RESOURCES RESEARCH ET LES RESSOURCES BIOLOGIQUES Research Branch Directian generale de la recherche Agriculture Canada Agriculture Canada KW. Neatby Building, Raam 1150 Edifice KW. Neatby, piece 1150 Central Experimental Farm Ferme experimentale centrale Ottawa, OntariO' Ottawa (OntariO') KIAOC6 KIAOC6 Tel. (613) 995-5011 Tel. Fax (613) 995-7283 Telecapie EM OTTB::EM230MAIL c.E. Telex 053-3283 Telex RfeSSional Staff R,sonnel professionneJ' Directar J.M.R Asselin, Ph.D. Directeur Deputy Directar M. Feldman, M.Sc. Directeur adjaint Executive Deputy Directar P.B. Marriage, Ph.D. Directeur executif adjaint Manager, External Relatians J. Taky, M.P.A. Gestiannaire, Relatians exterieures Head, Administratian Sectian J. Causineau Chef, Administratian Cammunicatians KD. Switzer-Hawse, B.Sc. Cammunicatian Biological Resources Division Division des ressources biologiques Librarian; Batany (secanded in) E. Gavara, B.L.S. Bibliathecaire; batanique (detachee) Librarian; Entamalagy (secanded in) S. Sherman, M.L.S. Bibliath6caire; entamalagif: (detach6e) Camputer Scientist L.I. Speers, M.Sc. Infarmaticien Systematic Entomology-Acarology, Entomologie systematique-Acarologie, Coleoptera, Lepidoptera Coleopteres, Lepidopteres Pragram Leader; Water mites, I.M. Smith, Ph.D. Chef de projet; acariens aquatiques, rust and gall mites phytaptes Assistant Leader; Sail mites Y.M. Behan-Pelletier, Ph.D. Chef adjaint; acari ens du sol Ground and clavicarn beetles Y. Bausquet, Ph.D. Carabes, clavicarnes Bark beetles and weevils D.E. Bright, Ph.D. Scalytes et charangans Predaceaus rove beetles J.M. Campbell, Ph.D. Staphylinides Curatar af Lepidaptera - Trichaptera; P.T.Dang, Ph.D. CanselVateur des lepidapteres - trichapteres; Budwarms pique-bautans Cutwarm maths J.D. 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Catling, Ph.D. Chef de projet; conservateur de Plant Herbarium; Sedges and l'herbier de plantes vasculaires; aquatic plants carex et plantes aquatiques Cultivated crops-barley, wheat, B.R Baum, Ph.D. Plantes cultivees-{)rge; ble et plantes and allies apparentees Economic grasses J. Cayouette, ph.D. Graminees d'interet economique Hay-fever plants, honey plants, e. W Crompton, M.Sc. Plantes allergenes, plantes melliferes, weeds mauvaises herbes Alfalfa and allies E. Small, Ph.D. Luzerne et plantes apparentees Molecular systematics of economic S.I. Warwick, Ph.D. Systematique moleculaire des piantes plants, weeds d'interet economique, mauvaises herbes Economic Fungi Champignons d'interet economique Program Leader; Mycorrhizae Y. Dalpe, D.Sc. Chef de projet; mycorhizes Assistant Leader; Mushrooms S.A Redhead, Ph.D. Chef adjoint; champignons Curator of National Culture C. Babcock, B.Sc. Conservateur de la Mycotheque canadienne Collection of Fungi and et de la Collection de bacteries non Nonmedical Bacteria medicales Zoosporic disease and soil fungi D.J.S. Barr, Ph.D. Maladies a zoospores et champignons du sol Insect and leaf parasitic fungi J.D. Bissett, Ph.D. Parasites fongiques des feuilles et des insectes Leaf and twig disease fungi M.P. Corlett, Ph.D. Maladies fongiques des feuilles et des brindilles Curator of National Mycological J.H. Ginns, Ph.D. Conservateur de I'Herbier national de Herbarium; Rot and wood mycologie; pourritures des arbres et decay fungi du bois Mycotoxigenic fungi K.A Seifert, D.Sc. Champignons de niycotoxine Plant Gene Resources of Canada Centre de recherches phytogenetiques du Canada National Program Leader B. Fraleigh, D.T.e. Responsable du programme national Germplasm Database Specialist H. Atchison, B.A Specialiste de la base de donnees de materiel genetique Seed Genebank Curator G. Baillargeon, Dr.Rer.Nat. Conservateur de la banque de genes Biocontrol Research Support Appui scientifique a la lutte biologique Program Leader; Entomology-ecology Ae. Schmidt, M.Sc. Chef de projet; entomologie-ecologie Honorary Research Associates Associes de recherche honoraires Spiral, stylet, and foliar RY. Anderson, Ph.D. Nematodes spirales, nematodes a stylet nematodes et nematodes des feuillages Click beetles, wireworms E.e. Becker, Ph.D. Taupins, vers fil-de-fer Canadian flora, ferns WJ. Cody, B.A. Flore canadienne, fougeres Spiders, harvestmen e.D. Dondale, Ph.D. Araignees, opilions (daddy long legs) Cutworm moths D.P. Hardwick, Ph.D. Noctuelles aver gris Conidial molds of wood and insects S.J. Hughes, D.Sc. Moisissures a conidies du bois et insectes Biological control J.S. Kelleher, Ph.D. Lutte biologique Lance flies J.P. McAlpine, Ph.D. Loncheides Geometer moths, loopers We. McGuffin, Ph.D. G6ometres, arpenteuses Weeds, cabbage family (Cruciferae) G.A Mulligan, B.Sc. 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Inventaire des sols (Saskatoon) Soil correlation-Edmonton J.A Brierley, M.Sc. Correlation des sols (Edmonton) Programmer- Analyst P. Brimacombe Analyste-programmeur Head of Land Resource Unit- G.M. Coen, Ph.D. Chef de section; evaluation des terres Alberta (Alberta) Head of Land Resource Unit-Quebec J.M. Cossette, RSc. Chef d'equipe pedologique (Quebec) Soil interpretation-Saskatoon WD. Eilers, M.Sc. Interpretation pedologique (Saskatoon) Soil inventory-Fredericton S. Fahmy, M.Sc. Inventaire des sols (Fredericton) Land evaluation-Winnipeg WR Fraser, M.Sc. Evaluation des terres (Winnipeg) Soil inventory-Sainte-Foy L. Grenon, RS.A Inventaire des sols (Sainte-Foy) Soil quality-Saskatoon L.M. Kozak, Ph.D. Qualite des sols (Saskatoon) Soil correlation-Sainte- Foy L. Lamontagne, RSc. Correlation des sols (Sainte.-Foy) Acting Head of CanSIS- C. MacDonald, RSc. Chef de SIS Can-Banque nation ale de National Soil Database donnees sur les sols, par interim Head of Land Resource Unit-Ontario KR MacDonald, Ph.D Chef d'equipe pedologique (Ontario) Soil correlation-Winnipeg W Michalayna, Ph.D. Correlation des sols (Winnipeg) Soil data interptretations- G.T. Patterson, M.Sc. Interpretations des donnees pedologiques Truro (Truro) Soil data applications- WW Pettapiece, Ph.D. Applications des donnees pedologiques Edmonton (Edmonton) Head of Land Resource Unit- H.P.W Rostad, Ph.D. Chef d'equipe pedologiqm: Saskatchewan (Saskatchewan) Soil correlation J. Shields, Ph.D. Correlation des sols Head of Land Resource Unit- CAS. Smith, M.Sc. Chef d'equipe pedologique Yukon; Agroecological stratification (Yukon); stratification agroecologique Agroecological stratification-Winnipeg RE. Smith, M.Sc. Stratification agroecologique (Winnipeg) Soil correlation-Saskatoon H.R Stonehouse, M.Sc. Correlation des sols (Saskatoon) Land evaluation-Edmonton J. Tajek, RSc. Evaluation des terres (Edmonton) Soil taxonomy and pedological C. Tarnocai, M.Sc. Phenomenes pedologiques et taxonomie processes des sols Soil inventory-Winnipeg H. Veldhuis, M.Sc. Inventaire des sols (Winnipeg) Soil correlation-Edmonton RD. Walker, M.Sc. Correlation des sols (Edmonton) Soil quality change C. Wang, Ph.D. Modification de la qualitcSdes sols Head of Land Resource Unit- K Webb, M.Sc. Chef d'equipe pedologique Nova Scotia (Nouvelle-Ecosse) Head of Land Resource Unit- E.E Woodrow, B.Sc. Chef d'equipe pedologique Newfoundland (Terre-Neuve) Programmer- Analyst M. Zawalsky, M.Sc. Analyste-programmeur Sustainable Land Productivity Pratiques culturales et conservation des sols Program Leader; Soil physics J.L.R Culley, Ph.D. Chef de projet; physiqm: des sols Land evaluation-Vancouver K Abbaspour, M.Sc. Evaluation des terres (Vancouver) Soil quality evaluation D.E Acton, Ph.D. Projet d'evaluation de la qualite des project-Saskatoon sols (Saskatoon) Farm-weather interactions J. Boisvert, M.Sc. Interactions agrometeorologiques (on educational leave) (en conge d'etudes) Climatology A Bootsma, M.Sc. Climatologie Water use R De Jong, Ph.D. Utilisation de I'eau Soil interpretation-Guelph KA Denholm, M.Sc. Interpretation pedologique (Guelph) Land evaluation J. Dumanski, Ph.D. Evaluation des terres 100 Centre for Land and Biological Resources Research 1992 Environmental meteorology L.M. Dwyer, Ph.D. Meteorologie environnementale Acting Head of .{-andResource Unit- RG. Eilers, M.Sc. Chef d'equipe pedologique par interim Manitoba (Manitoba) Crop-soil interactions M.-e. Fortin, Ph.D. Interaction sol-recolte Biomathematics H.N. Hayhoe, Ph.D. Biomathematiques Land use-Edmonton J.e. Hiley, M.A. Utilisation des terres (Edmonton) Head of Land Resource Unit- D.A. Holmstrom, B.S.A. Chef d'equipe pedologique Prince Edward Island (Ile-du- Prince- Edouard) Land use-Guelph E.e. Huffman, M.A. Utilisation des terres (Guelph) Resource economist-Vancouver S.e. Jeck, B.Sc. Economiste des ressources (Vancouver) Soils and instrumentation engineering N.B. McLaughlin, Ph.D. Sols et techniques d'instrumentation Land evaluation-Vancouver D.E. Moon, Ph.D. Evaluation des terres (Vancouver) Soil interpretation-Sainte- Foy M.e. Nolin, M.Sc. Interpretation pedologique (Sainte-Foy) Land evaluation-Saskatoon G. Padbury, M.Sc. Evaluation des terres (Saskatoon) Head of Land Resource Unit- H.W Rees, B.Sc. Chef de section; evaluation des terres New Brunswick (Nouveau-Brunswick) Land evaluation-Vancouver C.J. Selby, M.Sc. Evaluation des terres (Vancouver) Plant growth modeling D.W Stewart, Ph.D. Modelisation de la croissance des plantes Soil structure dynamics G.e. Topp, Ph.D. Dynamique des structures du sol Acting Head of Land Resource Unit- L.J.P. van Vliet, M.Sc.. Chef d'equipe pedologique par interim British Columbia (Colombie- Britannique ) Environmental Quality Qualite de l'environnement Program Leader; Soil-pesticide S.U. Khan, Ph.D. Chef de projet; chimie des sols et chemistry des pesticides Pesticide molecular biology R Behki, Ph.D. Biologie moleculaire des pesticides Micrometeorology RL. Desjardins, Ph.D. Micrometeorologie Soil organic matter H. Dinel, Ph.D. Matiere organique du sol Micromorphology e.A. Fox, Ph.D. Micromorphologie Pesticide - soil interactions D.S. Gamble, Ph.D. Interaction sol-pesticide Land degradation E. Gregorich, Ph.D. Degradation des sols Trace element chemistry M. Ihnat, Ph.D. Chimie des oligo-elements Soil mineralogy H. Kodama, Ph.D. Mineralogie des sols Soil hydrology J.A. Millette, Ph.D. Hydrologie des sols Plant pesticide uptake S. Nelson, Ph.D. Absorption des pesticides par les plantes Meteorology E. Pattey, Ph.D. Meteorologie Soil physics WD. Reynolds, Ph.D. Physique des sols Meteorology P. Rochette, Ph.D. Meteorologie Soil chemistry S. Singh, Ph.D. Chimie des sols Microbial pesticide degradation E. Topp, Ph.D. Degradation microbienne des pesticides Water erosion-Guelph G.J. Wall, Ph.D. Erosion hydrique (Guelph) Computer and Laboratory Services Services informatiques et de laboratoire Head of Services M. Feldman, M.Sc. Chef des travaux Programmer- Analyst D. Brewin Analyste-programmeur Programmer- Analyst D.J.Z.J. Chaput Analyste-programmeur Programmer- Analyst A. Jones Analyste-programmeur Honorary Research Associates Associes de recherche honoraires Agrometeorology W Baier, Dr.Agr. Agrometeorologie Composting S.P.Mathur, Ph.D. Compostage Soil mineralogy G.J. Ross, Ph.D. Mineralogie des sols Emeritus Research Scientist; Organic chemistry M. Schnitzer, Ph.D. Chercheur emerite; chimie organique Seconded out K.WG. Valentine, Ph.D. Prete par la Direction Mndate The Centre for Land and Biological development of a national land resource disseminate scientific information on Resources Research (CLBRR) conducts inventory so that it can obtain, apply, and Canada's land resources. research and collaborates in the Centre de recherches sur les terres et les ressources biologiques 1992 101 Both research and soil-survey scientists growing basis for research in progress on A casebearer pest of red clover seed in provide information and tools for producers, ecosystem structure. Canada was recently discovered. By advisers, and policy-makers to make X-ray diffraction and X-ray dispersion correctly identifying this pest, introduced decisions aimed at achieving regionally techniques on soil mites provided the first from Europe, we have accessed the scientific suited, economically viable, environmentally strong evidence for cuticular hardening by literature not only on its pest status and sound, sustainable agricultural systems and mineralization in the Class Arachnida. The biology in Europe but also on developing other land uses. only known instance of the use of calcium control methods in red clover fields to produce certified seed. The centre conducts systematics oxalate, in the form of whewellite, was also research on the insects, mites, spiders, demonstrated as a intracuticular hardening Economic plants In connection with nematodes, vascular plants, and fungi of agent in arthropods. The importance of improved cereal crops, we elaborated a new importance t 102 Centre for Land and Biological Resources Research 1992 sustainable agricultural practices were Biocontrol research support The division At the provincial level work included reviewed. Other weeds studied included provided centralized scientific services and • reconnaissance (level 3) mapping for thistles, knotweeds, weeds of soybean and advice to facilitate and promote national and about 2.2 million ha mainly in maize, weedy panic grasses, and a weedy continental programs for biological control Saskatchewan and Alberta form of feverfew tansy. The latter, in °of weeds, insects, and other pests. Foreign • level 2 mapping for about 50 000 ha cooperation with Health and Welfare insects were imported and reared in a mainly in Quebec, Ontario, and New Canada, was found to yield high levels of a quarantine laboratory to obtain desired Brunswick chemical useful in the treatment of migraines, parasitic species, free of hyperparasites, and • reports published for 17 projects. resulting in plans for commercial production were delivered to field research sites across °bya Canadian pharmaceutical company. Canada. Liaison was provided with the The Canadian Soil Information System (CanS IS) manages geographic data. It is a Economic fungi A work covering 1150 North American Plant Protection distributed network using VAX-based species of the lignicolous, corticioid fungi of Organization Biocontrol Panel, US Canada was prepared. The first intensive Department of Agriculture agencies and ARC/INFO software at the centre and survey for vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal advisory groups for biocontrol matters, and microbased systems in regional offices. It fungi in Canada was completed for the regulatory agencies in Canada and the manages the NSDB and imports other data Great Lakes and some eastern Canada sand United States. Information of interest to sets for integrated analysis. This year work included dunes and shores; 25 species new to Canada Canadian biocontrol workers was compiled were identified. Entry of references to and disseminated in three publications. • a major reorganization of personnel to staff new functions compile a database on Canadian plant Land resource data and applications disease organisms and their hosts has been Correlation work this year involved • response to more than 400 requests for completed. This updates the Compendium of • field reviews of 11 active soil map data in digital format from Plant Disease and Decay Fungi in Canada provincial-territorial projects, applying regional personnel and private-sector 1960-1980, published in 1986. Staff mapping and classification standards clients training, lecturing, and studying of rumen • validation and entry in the National Soil • a cooperative project with Statistics fungi was performed at the Agricultural Database (NSDB) of several other Canada to develop land-parcel data for University of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. provincial-territorial coverages the Great Plains and Ontario Studies on the commercial harvesting of wild • technical editing on 20 map legends and • a project with the Canada Centre for mushrooms in the West and on biodiversity soil survey reports Remote Sensing to develop the in old growth forests were carried out in agriculture component of the global • scientific supervision for survey contracts collaboration with University of British change encyclopedia in Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Nova Columbia, Forestry Faculty. Scotia • research to define fidelity and positional Plant Gene Resources of Canada National accuracy for data standards and to • soil inventory upgrade methodology collections of cereal, vegetable, oilseed, and document the system of data description reviews in four provinces forage crops are preserved at the PGRC (metadata) • manuals and procedures for soil water Seed Genebank. As part of Canada's • research showing the use of geostatistics investigations and irrigation suitability contribution to international genebank and geographic information system (GIS) standards activities, principal world base collections of to combine climatic data with land • a working group meeting and field trip on oats and barley and duplicate collections of resource information. pearl millet, rapeseed, and mustard are Vertisolic soil classification preserved. The total number of registered • establishment of soil research sites in In collaboration with Environment accessions has increased this year from Yukon and Northwest territories for the Canada and Forestry Canada, parameters 91 600 to 99 842. During 1991, germination 1993 international soil correlation were developed to establish a 1:1 million tests were performed to check the viability meeting on Cryosolic soils scale carbon database for Canadian soils, linking soil data with spatial information. of 3645 samples, and seed of 12 320 samples • criteria development in coordination with Soil carbon being actively exchanged with was rejuvenated. The Clonal Genebank Environment Canada for establishment of the atmosphere constitutes about two-thirds manages 2425 accessions of tree fruits and a hierarchical ecological zonation for of the carbon in the terrestrial ecosystem. small fruits. More than 7000 seed samples Canada, to support research and reporting The large size and long residence time of were distributed to plant breeders and on state of the environment and this pool, especially in organic soils, make it scientists in 21 countries, to provide sustain ability issues. fundamental building blocks for crop variety a potentially important sink. Environmental development and plant genetic studies in Mapping work at the national level changes (human or natural), such as Canada and around the world. included cultivation, forest fires, and changes in • 1:1 million scale Soil landscapes of hydrology and climate, can release soil National identification service During 1991, Canada maps for Ontario-north, carbon into the atmosphere in the form of the division identified 57 387 specimens of Quebec-southeast, and greenhouse gases (C02 or C~). The database insects, mites, spiders, and nematodes; 4441 Newfoundland-north will provide the information to assess the vascular plants; and 2780 fungi. Major • validation and entry of standardized present level of carbon in Canadian soils and clients for this service were Agriculture digital maps and computerized legend run process-oriented models to estimate the Canada, provincial departments, Forestry attribute files for nine coverages in the extent of carbon fluxes from soils as a result Canada, Health and Welfare Canada, and NSDB. of environmental changes. Canadian universities. Centre de recherches sur les terres et les ressources biologiques 1992 103 Sustainable land productivity In • characterizing the thermal climates of the vegetation indices derived from satellite collaboration with department establishments, Atlantic Provinces for corn production data. A new tower-based system for provincial agencies, universities, and others, and confirming optimum seeding dates for sampling trace gases based on vertical wind new work was launched to develop means to winter wheat in Ontario conditions was validated. These assess soil and environmental quality in • incorporating daily weather data from developments form a basis for quantifying Canada's agricultural regions. These more than 500 stations into the agricultural- atmospheric interaction. initiatives included agrometeorological database, for Work on the process and properties of • development of standards and criteria for departmental users soils resulted in soil quality • developing, in collaboration with FAO, • proof that specific surface area is a • development of models, databases, and International Board for Soil Research and fundamental soil property correlated to monitoring capabilities Management (IBSRAM), an international many other soil properties and • establishment of sites in Saskatchewan framework for evaluating sustainable land represented by a single numerical value; and Alberta to collect wind erosion data management. now relatively simple and rapid to to be used in a computer simulation measure, it should be considered as a The soil and crop management program model criterion at the family level in soil resulted in classification • development of relationships between • development of corn leaf area distribution tillage practices and soil properties and algorithms, which are being used in • a review of the agriculture sector as an emissions source for carbon, nitrous oxide, the rates of crop residue decomposition collaboration with industry to evaluate • characterization of five prairie sites to leaf canopy configuration of different and methane, completed to provide information for the Agriculture Canada study salinization processes varieties delegation to the Framework Convention • testing of the nonlimiting water range, • evidence that soil factors add to on Climate Change in June 1992 which incorporates reductions in plant temperature reduction under reduced • digital files compiled for all existing available water caused by aeration and tillage to reduce emergence mineralogical data for surficial soils of soil strength restrictions, at sites in • collaborative experiments to explore ways Canada, to allow site observations to be Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and to reduce chemicals for weed control, and input and manipulated within a GIS. Alberta. use of nitrogen fertilizer, for eastern and Other achievements in soil quality southwestern Ontario. Field and laboratory studies were initiated to examine the dynamics' of soil evaluation included Environmental quality Water-quality • preparing Canadian maps showing the organic matter. Sites from Saskatchewan, research found that temperature and not Alberta, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, and likelihood for water erosion during spring moisture increases atrazine degradation thaw . Atlantic Canada were sampled as part of the rates; macropore flow is an important National Soil Conservation Program to • preparing water erosion risk maps for the mechanism of atrazine transport under both assess the effects of cultivation on the Maritime Provinces saturated and unsaturated flow conditions. quality and quantity of soil organic matter. An information database was prepared on • researching pressure and tension We developed the passively aerated windrow groundwater hydrology and contamination infiltrometers, as effective tools for system (PAWS) of composting; and the quantifying soil structure and how tillage from nonpoint sources in the Great Lakes technology is being transferred to various basin; groundwater contamination levels changes it commercial operations. Research on • assessing the effects of soil degradation on were found to be not well known. wastewater sludge from dairy processing yield by completing a bibliography of Field and modeling work sought to plants showed that when sludge is added to research, a survey of innovative farmers in measure and understand water and solute soil the humidification processes decrease. western Canada, and other data linkages. movement in soil by Long-chain aliphatic compounds of the • characterizing elements in water from an In land use and evaluation work, lipids in the sludge inhibited the growth of Ontario watershed achievements included seedlings mainly because of changes in the • improving a geographic information • testing methods of measuring hydraulic hydraulic properties of the soil. The techniques of 13C-NMR and pyrolysis-field system (GIS), which manages the 1:1 conductivity and flux potential million Soil landscapes of Canada databases • refining water and atrazine transport ionization mass spectrometry were used to determine how pesticides in soil interact • completing the 1:2 million agroecological models. with the various soil components. This work resource area maps Air-quality research developed a plant will facilitate the study of the fate of • publishing probability levels for soil water growth model using hourly time steps to pesticides. at different phenological stages of wheat simulate plant canopy net photosynthesis In studies on the fate and biodynamics • analyzing 100-year climatic records, which using photosynthesis~solar radiation curves of pesticides, bacteria isolated from soilwere suggested that warming occurred on the and leaf expansion-senescence functions. shown to break down a range of insecticides prairies but was not uniform across Aircraft measurements of carbon dioxide, and herbicides. The m{~ansby which the Canada water vapor, and sensible heat were pesticides are metabolized was found to be correlated to land surface features; regional • modeling effects of climatic change on associated with an indigenous plasmid in the maps of vertical CO fluxes corresponded prairie wheat production showing yield 2 bacterium. These discoveries redistribution closely with the spatial patterns of 104 Centre for Land and BiOlogical Resources Research 1992 • could explain reductions in effectiveness are also located on the CEF; the PGRC l'Agriculture des Etats-Unis. Des cartes de of pesticides used in the same field for Clonal Genebank is located on the Smithfield repartition, des descriptions et des successive years Experimental Farm at Trenton, Onto illustrations des arpenteuses, aux stades • could have application in pesticide The staff of 290 person-years includes adulte et immature, des 76 especes connues disposal. 113 professionals. figurent dans I'ouvrage intitule Moths of America north of Mexico. Work on vesicular-arbuscular Grace a la collaboration avec des myccorhizal fungi, which associate • symbiotically with plant root systems, found chercheurs japonais de l'Institut d'histoire them capable of removing pesticides from Mndat naturelle de Chiba et de l'Universite d'agriculture de Tokyo, on a progresse de soil and of making bound residues in soil Le Centre de recherches sur les terres et les fa~on marquee dansl'evaluation du role que bioavailable to plants. This type of ressources biologiques (CRTRB) effectue pourraient jouer des especes japonaises de association therefore has significant impact des recherches et collabore dresser un a staphylins predateurs en matiere de lutte on pesticide allocation, metabolism, and inventaire national des ressources en terres biologique au Canada. En consequence, la toxicity in plant tissues. We have established afin d'obtenir, d'appliquer et de diffuser des Collection nation ale recevra des specimens a leading capability in measuring and tracing renseignements scientifiques sur les d'especes japonaises de staphylins. the fate of bound residues of various ressources en sols du Canada. pesticides. New information from this work On a termine les revisions taxinomiques Les chercheurs et Ie personnel qui included de deux genres de guepes proctotrypides, . effectuent les releves pedologiques mettent • susceptible soybean varieties contained parasitoi'des importants des grillons la disposition des producteurs, des more bound metribuzin than tolerant a d'Amerique du Nord et des tenthredes que conseillers et des decideurs les renseignements varieties I'on trouve partout au monde. La revision et les moyens qui leur permettent de sur les tenthredes a ete faite en • susceptible and resistant canola varieties prendre des decisions qui se traduiront par collaboration avec un chercheur japonais contained equal levels of bound atrazine des systemes agricoles integres et d'autres invite. L'ajout a la Collection nationale de • 3-PB acid formed biounavailable bound formes d'occupation des sols qui sont quelque 20 000 specimens de guepes residues in chicken ecologiques, economiquement viables et proctotrypides parasitoi'des, y compris un • bound residues of piramiphos methyl in adaptes aux particularites des regions. grand nombre de specimens provenant stored wheat were bioavailable. Le Centre fait egalement des d'ecosystemes menaces du Nouveau Monde, A national network of 22 benchmark recherches sur la systematique des insectes, s'avevera fort utile pour la poursuite des sites for long-term monitoring of changes in des acariens, des araignees, des nematodes, recherches sur la structure des ecosystemes. des piantes vasculaires et des champignons soil quality is near completion. The data Des etudes par les methodes de d'importance au Canada. Le travail porte collected are available for soil quality diffraction et de dispersion des rayons X plus precisement sur les domaines suivants : studies. menees sur des acari ens du sol ont montre • l'identification pour la premiere fois que Ie durcissement de Resources • la classification la cuticule chez les specimens de la classe • l'evaluation Soil inventory units, located in each of the des Arachnides etait attribuable a la • I'enrichissement des collections. 10 provinces and the Yukon, share facilities mineralisation. On a aussi montre que Ie at various provincial, university, or in some Le CRTRB travaille egalement a seul autre cas connu d'utilisation d'oxalate cases research stations. These arrangements preserver et a ameliorer la diversite de calcium, sous la forme de whewellite, provide proximity with collaborators and genetique des plantes culturales canadiennes etait attribuable aux arthropodes chez clients for soil inventory and research et des piantes sauvages apparentees. lesquels Ie sel joue Ie role d'agent de activities. The rest of the staff are located in durcissement intracuticulaire. On a egalement buildings on the Central Experimental Farm Realisations montre, en collaboration avec un chercheur (CEF) in Ottawa. This location facilitates Indicateurs biologiques Le Centre a russe, I'importance des oribates en tant que vital collaboration with other disciplines and commence des travaux en collaboration avec fossiles facilement reconnaissables dans les access to land and crops for field work. Sante et Bien-etre social Canada et etudes paleoecologiques. l'Universite de Guelph visant etablir une The centre houses the Canadian a On a termine les etudes taxinomiques base de donneeset un guide informatises sur National Collection of Insects, Arachnids, de deux groupes d'acariens aquatiques les tiques que l'on trouve ou que l'on and Nematodes; the Canadian Collection of vivant dans les eaux souterraines et les cours s'attend trouver au Canada. Ce guide Fungus Cultures; the National Mycological a d'eau. On pourra ainsi evaluer ces especes et informatise facilitera l'identification et Herbarium; and the departmental Vascular peut-etre les utiliser comme bio-indicateurs l'evaluation du role de vecteurs de maladies Plant Herbarium. These collections, which de la qualite de l'eau. On a egalement que jouent les tiques l'egard des humains, improve steadily with the addition of relevant a termine un resume des connaissances que du betail, des animaux domestiques et des material, provide opportunities for loans and I'on possede sur les acariens des sources au animaux sauvages. exchanges. The strains of fungi distributed to Canada; on retrouvera dans ce document les clients from the culture collection amounted Un document d'importance sur les donnees de base sur ces bio-indicateurs to 460 over the past year. arpenteuses de l'Amerique du Nord a ete sensibles de~ changements The Plant Gene Resources of Canada produit en collaboration avec Ie Systematic environnementaux. (PGRC) central office and Seed Genebank Entomology Laboratory du ministere de Centre de recherches sur les terres et les ressources biologiques 1992 105 Insectes u,tiles On a termine la creation On a termine les travaux sur les liens du systeme canadien d'information sur les d'une base de donnees relationnelles. Le existant entre I'ADN chloroplastique des plantes veneneuses, base de donnees programme sera distribue aux chercheurs especes indigenes d'orge d'Amerique du informatique, a ete parachevee. La biologie qui s'occupent des guepes et des mouches Nord et celui des orges (Hordeum) des populations et la physiologie des parasites afin qu'ils puissent y entrer des introduites et cultivees. On a analyse les mauvaises herbes resistantes aux herbicides donnees. Grace a cette base de donnees, les liens existant entre les orges sauvages faisant et des mauvaises herbes nuisibles aux utilisateurs interesses pourront avoir acces partie du complexe Hordeum setifolium, cultures ont fait I'objet d'un examen, avec en de fa~on efficace a la documentation sur la groupe d'especes caraterise par sa resistance arriere-plan les pratiques agricoles,axees sur taxinomie et la biologie des insectes utiles ala secheresse et au froid, de maniere a la conservation des ressource:;. On a parasites, et ainsi y retrouver les especes qui caracteriser les especes pouvant se preter a egalement etudie d'autres mauvaises herbes revetent une importance pour leurs I'amelioration genetique et a la protection comme les chardons, les renouees, les recherches. du materiel genetique. mauvaises herbes du soja et du mai's, les On a termine les revisions taxinomiques Des etudes de systematique moleculaire panics a l'etat adventice et une forme des especes nord-americaines de la mouche ont accru de fa~n marquee notre adventice de la tanaisie. Dans'le cas de cette parasite du genre Actia et des genres connaissance des liens genetiques existant derniere plante, I'etude men(~een Mycetoporus et Ischnosoma qui font partie entre Ie canola (Brassica) et les especes collaboration avec Sante et Bien-etre social des Tachyporines de l'Amerique du Nord. sauvages qui lui sont apparentees.Le Canada a montre que la plante contenait, en Ces travaux permettront aux entomologistes genome de plusieurs especes sauvages est concentrations elevees, un produit chimique d'identifier les especes qui s'attaquent aux beaucoup plus proche de celui des especes utile au traitement des migra.ines. Des plans ravageurs importants des vergers, des du genre Brassica que l'on n'avaitd'abord en vue de la production commerciale de cultures ornementales et des forets ainsi que cru, et cesespeces devraient toutes etre cette plante par unesociete pharmaceutique les predateurs des dipteres coprophiles considerees comme faisant partie du meme canadienne ont ete etablis. nuisibles, de certains pucerons et d'insectes genre. On a commence a etablir une base de Champignons d'impOl1ance economique Un vivant sous les ecorces, comme les scolytes. donnees informatique sur Ie materiel ouvrage couvrant 1 150 especes de Insectes nuisibles On a termine la genetique des especes sauvages de Brassica, champignons corticioi'des lignicoles du redaction du premier guide complet sur les de meme qu'un programme de Canada a ete redige. On a t(~rmineIe genres de pucerons du Canada. Cette synthese multiplication des semences, afin d'aider les premier reieve approfondi des champignons nous renseigne sur la nomenclature, la selectionneurs et les gestionnaires de mycorhiziens a vesicules et arbuscules au morphologie, la gamme de plantes hotes, la banques de genes a etablir leurs priorites en Canada qui croissent dans la region des biologie, Ie statut de ravageur et la taxinomie matiere d'evaluation et de collection du Grands Lacs et dans certaines dunes de de ces insectes nuisibles aux cultures. materiel genetique. sable et sur certaines rives de l'est du On a decouvert des races genetiques Canada; vingt-cinq especes, jusqu'alors On est en voie d'elaborer, en inconnues au Canada, ont (:te identifiees. collaboration avec la Division de la distinctes chez deux especes apparentees de luzerne d'origine eurasienne. On a fait une Une base de donnees a ete creee sur les protection des vegetaux du Ministere, une organismes causals des maladies des plantes base de donnees sur les insectes ravageurs autre decouverte interessante: la presence de poils glandulaires, meme en petites et de leurs hotes au Canada en vue de des cultures au Canada. Des renseignements mettre a jour I'ouvrage intitule Compendium sur la biologie, la repartition, les ennemis quantites, sur Ie limbe des feuilles est associee a une resistance importante aux of Plant Disease and Decay Fungi naturels, les plantes nourricieres et la 1960-1980, publie en 1986. On a forme du nomenclature precise de chaque insecte dommages occasionnes par les insectes. On a termine l'etude de la variation personnel, donne des confl~rences et etudie nuisible sont essentiels lorsqu'on veut les champignons du rumen a l'Universite • evaluer les repercussions economiques geographique etgenetique des especesde luzerne contenant des saponines agticole de Kuala Lumpur, en Malaisie. Des • retracer la documentation scientifique hemolytiques, dont la valeur nutritionnelle etudes ont ete menees, en collaboration avec pertinente est sujette a controverse et que l'on trouve la facuIte de foresterie de ['Universite de la • elaborer des strategies de lutte. en concentrations assez elevees au Canada. Colombie-Britannique, sur la recolte commerciale des champigllons sauvages On a decouvert recemment un On a termine des etudes menees en dans l'Ouest et sur la biodiversite des vieilles porte-case du trefle rouge. L'identification collaboration sur les graminees et les carex forets. de ce ravageur, provenant d'Europe, a ainsi qu'un examen general de I'hybridation permis aux chercheurs de consulter la chez ces derniers. Les carex comprennent de Ressources phytogenetiques du Canada Les documentation scientifique non seulement nombreuses especes qui ont une grande collections nationales de cereales, de sur son statut de ravageur en Europe et sur importance pour l'alimentation du betail. legumes, d'oleagineux et de plantes sa biologie, mais aussi sur la mise au point On a entrepris, en collaboration avec la fourrageres de culture sont conservees a la de methodes de lutte applicables aux Ferme experimentale de Smithfield, une banque de genes du Centre des ressources cultures de semences de genealogie etude de la variation des fraises de la cote du phytogenetiques. Dans Ie cadre de la controlee de trefle rouge. Pacifique afin d'aider a etablir une contribution du Canada 2t l'etablissement d'une banque internationale de genes, les Plantes d'interet economiques ParalleIement correlation entre les caracteristiques principales collections mondiales d'avoine et l'amelioration des cultures cerealieres, on agronomiques souhaitables, d'une part, et a d'orge de meme que des collections en a etabli la cle d'identification d'un nouveau les traits morphologiques et I'origine double de millet a chandelle, de graines de genre appele Kengyilia. geographique, d'autre part. La mise au point 106 Centre tor Land and Biological ReSOUrCE!sResearch 1992 colza et de moutarde sontegalement • la revision technique de 20 legendes de • une importante reorganisation du conservees au Centre; Cette annee, Ie cartes et de rapports de prospection des personnel en fonction des nouvelles nombre total d'entrees est passe de 91 600 a sols activites 99 842. Au cours de 1991, on a effectue des • la supervision scientifique de contrats de • des reponses a plus de 400 demandes tests de germination sur 3 645 echantillons prospection en Alberta, en Saskatchewan portant sur des donnees numeriques des afin de verifier leur viabilite et on a et en Nouvelle-Bcosse cartes pedologiques faites par des rejuvenilise les semences de 12 320 • l'examen de la methode d'amelioration de employes des regions et des clients du echantillons. La banque de clones compte l'inventaire des sols dans quatre provinces secteur prive 2 425 entrees de fruits de verger et de petits • la redaction de manuels et la mise au • un projet mixte avec Statistique Canada fruits. Plus de 7 000 echantillons de semences point de techniques d'examen de l'eau pour augmenter la base de donnees sur les ont ete distribues a des selectionneurs et a dans Ie sol et de normes de choix d'une parcelles de terres des gran des plaines et des chercheurs de 21 pays qui les utilisent methode d'irrigation de l'Ontario comme materiaux de base pour la creation • un projet avec Ie Centre canadien de de cultivars et pour des etudes genetiques au • la tenue d'une reunion du groupe de teledetection pour I'elaboration de la Canada et ailleurs dans Ie monde. travail et l'organisation d'excursions pour classifier les vertisols composante agriculture de l'encyclopedie Service national d'identijication En 1991, Ie • I'etablissement d'emplacements de sur Ie changement mondial Centre a identifie 57 387 specimens recherche au Yukon et dans les Territoires • une recherche pour definir la fidelite et la d'insectes, d'acariens, d'araignees et de du Nord-Ouest en preparation de la precision de localisation pour les normes nematodes, 4 441 piantes vasculaires et rencontre internationale de correlation des donnees et etoffer Ie systeme de 2 780 champignons microscopiques. Les des sols (gelisols) prevue pour 1993 description des donnees (metadonnees) principaux clients qui ont utilise ce service • une etude montrant I'utilisation de la sont Agriculture Canada, les ministeres • I'elaboration de criteres, en collaboration provinciaux, Fon~ts Canada, Sante et avec Environnement Canada, pour geostatistique et du Systeme Bien-etre social Canada et les universites I'etablissement d'une zonation ecologique d'information geographique (SIG) pour canadiennes. hierarchique au Canada, a l'appui de la combiner les donnees climatiques et recherche et pour rendre compte de l'etat l'information sur les ressources en terres. Soutien a la recherche sur la lutte biologique de l'environnement et des questions de En collaboration avec Environnement On a fourni des conseils et des services viabilite. centralises de nature scientifique afin de Canada et Forets Canada, on a mis au point soutenir et de promouvoir les programmes A l'echelle nation ale, Ies travaux de des parametres pour etablir une base de nationaux et continentaux de lutte cartographie ont consiste a : donnees sur Ie carbone a l'echelle biologique contre les mauvaises herbes, les • realiser une carte a l'echelle 1/1 000000 1/1 000 000 pour les sols canadiens, en insectes et d'autres ravageurs. On a importe Pedopaysages du Canada pour l'Ontario reliant les donnees pedologiques a des insectes et on les a eleves dans un (nord), Ie Quebec (sud-est) et I'information spatiale. Le carbone contenu laboratoire de quarantaine, de maniere a Terre-Neuve (nord) dans Ie sol et echange activement avec obtenir les especes parasites souhaitees, • valider et entrer dans la Base nationale de l'atmosphere constitue environ les deux tiers exemptes d'hyperparasites. Ces specimens donnees sur les sols des cartes numeriques du carbone de l'ecosysteme terrestre. Par ont ete distribues aux chercheurs sur Ie normalisees et des fichiers d'attributs de l'importance de sa taille et du temps de terrain partout au Canada. On a assure la legendes informatises pour neuf regions. sejour, surtout dans les sols organiques, ce communication avec l'equipe de lutte stock constitue un puits potentiellement biologique de l'Organisation nord-americaine A l'echelle provinciale, on a : important. Sous l'effet de changements pour la protection des piantes, avec les • effectue la cartographie de reconnaissance environnementaux (provoques par les organismes et les groupes consultatifs du (niveau de detail 3) d'environ 2,2 millions humains ou naturels), tels la culture, les feux ministere de l'Agriculture des Btats-Vnis en d'hectares, surtout en Saskatchewan et en de foret et les variations de l'hydrologie et matiere de lutte biologique ainsi qu'avec les Alberta du climat, du carbone contenu dans Ie sol organismes de regie mentation du Canada et • realise la cartographie au niveau 2 peut etre reliiche dans l'atmosphere sous des Btats-Vnis. De I'information pouvant d'environ 50 000 ha, surtout au Quebec, forme de gaz a effet de serre (C02 ou CH4). interesser les specialistes canadiens de la en Ontario et au Nouveau-Brunswick La base de donnees fournira l'information lutte biologique a ete compilee et diffusee • pub lie des rapports pour 17 projets. permettant d'evaluer la concentration dans trois publications. actuelle de carbone dans les sols canadiens Le Systeme canadien d'information sur et d'utiliser des modeles axes sur les Donnees et applications sur les ressources en les sols (SISCan) pour la gestion des processus pour evaluer I'ampleur des flux de terres Les travaux de correlations ont poste donnees geographiques est un reseau carbone s'echappant des sols par suite des au cours de I'annee sur: exploitant Ie logiciel de compression des changements environnementaux. • l'examen au champ de 11 projets actifs a donnees ARC sous VAX au CRTRB et sous l'echelle provinciale et territoriale, dans Ie micro-ordinateur dans les bureaux Productivite viable des te"es En co"llaboration avec des organismes cadre desquels les normes de cartographie regionaux. Ce systeme gere la Base et de classification ont ete appliquees nationale de donnees sur les sols et importe ministeriels, des organismes provinciaux, des • la validation et l'entree dans la Base de d'autres ensembles de donnees pour analyse universites et autres, des travaux ont ete donnees nationale sur les sols de plusieurs integree. Cette annee, Ie travail a comporte : entrepris en vue d'elaborer des fa~ons autres cartes provinciales-territoriales Centre de recherches sur les terres et les ressources biologiques 1992 107 d'evaluer la qualite environnementale et • I'analyse de registres climatologiques sur • la caracterisation des elements de l'eau pedologique des regions agricoles du 100 ans, qui a revele qu'un rechauffement dans un bassin hydrographique ontarien Canada. Parmi ces travaux, citons : s'est produit dans les prairies et qu'il n'a • l'essai de methodes de mesures de la • I'elaboration de normes et de criteres de pas ete uniforme au Canada conductivite hydraulique et du potentiel qualite des sols • une description detaillee des climats d'ecoulement • l'elaboration de modeles et de bases de thermiques des provinces atlantiques pour • l'amelioration des modeles de transport donnees, et la surveillance du rendement la production du mai"safin de confirmer de l'atrazine et de l'eau. • l'etablissement d'emplacements de les dates d'ensemencement optimal pour Dans Ie domaine de la qualite de l'air, collecte de donnees sur l'erosion eolienne Ie ble d'hiver en Ontario un modele de croissance vegetale a paliers en Saskatchewan et en Alberta, qui seront • l'incorporation des donnees horaires a ete mis au point pour simuler la utilisees dans un modele informatique de meteorologiques quotidiennes provenant photosynthese nette du couvert vegetal a simulation de plus de 500 stations a la base de l'aide de courbes de la photm,ynthese en donnees agrometeorologiques, pour les • l'elaboration de liens entre d'une part, les fonction du rayonnement solaire et de la utilisateurs ministeriels fac;onsculturales et les proprietes du sol et croissance - senescence des feuilles. Des d'autre part, la vitesse de decomposition • l'elaboration, en collaboration avec la mesures effectuees par avion du dioxyde de des residus des cultures FAa, l'International Board for Soil carbone, de la vapeur d'eau et de la chaleur • la determination des caracteristiques de Research and Management (IBSRAM), sensible ont ete correlees aux formations cinq emplacements dans les prairies pour d'une structure internationale terrestres; on a montre que des cartes d'evaluation de la.gestion viable des etudier les processus de salinisation regionales des flux verticaux de CO2 • l'etude de la quantite de I'eau non terres. correspondaient etroitement aux limitante, qui tient compte de la reduction Le programme de gestion des cultures configurations spatiales des indices de de l'eau disponible pour les plantes.a et des sols a permis: . vegetation provenant des donnees de cause de l'aeration et des restrictions liees • de mettre au point des algorithmes de la satellite. Un nouveau systeme qui permet de a la resistance du sol a des emplacements repartition des feuilles du mai"s,qui sont prelever des echantillons de gaz a l'etat de en Ontario, au Manitoba, en Saskatchewan utilises en collaboration avec l'industrie trace a ete teste; ce systeme, monte sur une et en Alberta. pour evaluer la configuration de la nappe tour, se fonde sur les conditions eoliennes verticales. Ces travaux constituent une base Dans Ie domaine de l'evaluation de la foliaire de diverses varietes permettant de quantifier I'interaction qualite des sols, on a aussi : • de faire la preuve que certains facteurs agriculture- atmosphere. •. realise, pour les Maritimes, des cartes pedologiques parellelement a la reduction canadiennes illustrant la probabilite de du travail du sol (diminution de la Les etudes portant sur Ie processus et I'erosion hydrique durant Ie degel temperature) ret ardent la germination les proprietes des sqls ont permis de : printanier et les zones a risque • de realiser des experiences collectives • demontrer que la superfic:ie specifique est • prepare des cartes illustrant des zones a pour trouver des fac;onsde reduire les une propriete pedologique fondamentale, risque pour cette meme region substances chimiques pour lutter contre correlee a nombre d'autrles proprietes du sol, et qu'elle est representee par une • effectue l'etude des infiltrometres de les mauvaises herbes et des moyens valeur numerique unique; cette superficie tension et de pression, pour en determiner d'epandre des fertilisants azotes dans I'est peut maintenantetre mesuree de fac;on l'efficacite en vue de quantifier la et Ie sud-ouest ontarien. relativement simple et rapide, et devrait structure des sols et determiner l'effet du Qualite environnementale Dans une etude etre consideree comme critere pour travail du sol sur cette derniere sur la qualite des eaux, on a trouve que determiner la famille dans la classification • realise une bibliographie des etudes sur Ie c'etait la temperature et non l'humidite qui des sols sujet, un inventaire des cultivateurs accroissait les taux de degradation de • proceder a un examen dll secteur agricole novateurs dans l'Ouest canadien et autres I'atrazine; I'ecoulement dans les macropores comme source d'emission de carbone, liaisons de donnees afin d'evaluer les est un mecanisme important de transport de d'oxyde nitreux et de methane, effets de la degradation des sols sur la l'atrazine dans des conditions d'ecoulement information utile a la delegation en milieu tant sature que non sature. Une production. d'Agriculture Canada aupres de la base de donnees d'information a ete Pour Ie projet sur l'evaluation et Convention cadre sur Ie changement preparee sur l'hydrologie des eaux l'utilisation des terres, les realisations climatiqlle (juin 1992) souterraines et la contamination proven ant comportent entre autres : de sources non ponctuelles dans Ie bassin • compiler toutes les donnees • des ameliorations a un systeme des Grands Lacs; on s'est rendu compte que mineralogiques existant'es pour les sols de d'information geographique, qui gere les les niveaux de contamination des eaux surface du Canada dans des fichiers bases de donnees au 1/1 000 000 des souterraines etaient mal connus. numeriques, pour permettre I'entree et la Pedopaysages du Canada manipulation de donnees ponctuelles au • l'achevement des cartes des zones de On a entrepris des travaux de moyen d'un SIG. ressources agro-ecologiques au modelisation sur Ie terrain en vue de mesurer et de comprendre les mouvements Des etudes ont ete entreprises sur Ie 1/2 000 000 de l'eau et des solutes dans Ie sol au moyen terrain et en laboratoire pour examiner la • la publication des niveaux de probabilite de: dynamique de la matiere organique du sol. d'eau dans Ie sol pour divers stades phenologiques du ble 108 Centre for Land and Biological Resources Research 1992 On a preIeve des echantillons a des • les varietes vulnerables de soja retiennent Research Publications emplacements en Saskatchewan, en Alberta, une plus grande quantite de metribuzin Publications de recherche au Manitoba, en Ontario, au Quebec et dans que les varietes tolerantes Appels, R.; Baum, B.R. 1991. Evolution of les provinces de I'Atlantiquedans Ie cadre • les varietes vulnerables et resist antes de the Nor and 5s DNA loci in the Triticeae. du Programme national de conservation des canol a renferment des teneurs egales Pages 92-116 in Soltis, P.S.; Soltis, D.D.; sols en vue d'evaluer les effets de la culture d'atrazine Doyle, J.J., eds. Molecular systematics of sur la matiere organique contenue dans Ie • l'acide 3-phenoxybenzolque forme des plants. Chapman and Hall, New York, N.Y. sol (qualite et quantite). On a termine la residus lies non biodisponibles pour les Askevold, I.S.; LeSage, L. 1990. A mise au point des systemes de compostage a poulets taxonomic revision of the genus Jansonius andains a aeration passive, et Ie transfert de • les residus de methylpiramiphos retenus Baly 1878: taxonomic confusion and tribal cette technologie se fait pour diverses dans Ie ble entrepose sont biodisponibles. reclassification (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: operations commerciales. Des etudes Eumolpinae). Rev. Chil. Entomol. realisees sur des eaux residuaires provenant La mise sur pied d'un reseau national 18:29-37. d'usines de transformation des produits de 22 emplacements-reperes de surveillance laitiers ont montre que lorsque ces eaux sont a long terme des changements dans la qualite Awang, Y.C.D.; Dawson, B.A.; Kindack, ajoutees au sol, il y a diminution des du sol est sur Ie point d'etre terminee. Les D.G.; Crompton, C.W; Heptinstall, S. 1991. processus d'humidification. En effet, les donnees recueillies sont disponibles pour les Parthenolide content of feverfew composes aliphatiques a chaine longue des etudes de qualite du sol. [Tanacetumparthenium (L.)] assessed by lipides presents dans les eaux residuaires HPLC and IH-NMR techniques. J. Nat. inhibent la croissance des jeunes plants, Ressources Prod. (Lloydia) 54:1516-1521. surtout a cause du changement des Les employes des modules d'inventaire des Baum, B.R. 1990.Taxonomic examination of proprietes hydrauliques du sol. On a sols qui sont situes dans chacune des dix Triticale(x Triticosecale). Can. J. Bot. applique avecsucces des techniques de provinces et au Yukon, partagent des locaux 68:1889-1893. RMN au 13C et de spectrometrie a avec divers organismes provinciaux, des Baum, B.R. 1991. Computerized world ionisation de champ et pyrolyse pour universi~es et parfois, des stations de registries for cultivars. Plant Breed. Abstr. determiner comment les pesticides du sol recherches. Cela favorise des contacts etroits 61:505-508. agissent avec les diverses autres entre les collaborateurs, les utilisateurs des composantes du sol. Ce travail facilitera inventaires et les chercheurs. Le reste du Baum, B.R. 1991. Proposal to conserve the l'etude du sort des pesticides. personnel travaille dans les edifices de la nameAvenafatua L. Taxon 40:132-134. Dans des etudes portant sur Ie sort et la Ferme experimentaIe centrale a Ottawa. Baum, B.R.; Bailey, L.G. 1990. Key and biodynamique des pesticides, on a constate Vne etroite coilaboration avec les praticiens synopsis of North American Hordeum que des bacteries isolees du sol degradaient des autres disciplines et un acces aux terrains species. Can. J. Bot. 68:2433-2442. et aux cultures pour les travaux en plein une gamme d'insecticides et d'herbicides. Baum, B.R.; Bailey, L.G. 1991. Restriction champ sont ainsi assures. On a montre que les fa«ons selon lesquelles fragment variation in the chloroplast DNA les pesticides etciient metabolises etaient Le Centre abrite Ia Collection nationale of the North American native and associees a un plasm ide indigene dans les d'insectes, d'arachnides et de nematodes; on introduced species of Hordeum. Barley bacteries. Ces decouvertes y retrouve egalement la Mycotheque Genet. VI (Vol. 1):34-36. • pourraient expliquer les reductions de canadienne, I'Herbier national de mycologie Baum, B.R.; Yen, c.; Yang, J.L. 1991. l'efficacite des pesticides lorsqu'ils sont et I'Herbier des plantes vasculaires du Kengyilia habahenensis (Poaceae: 'Ititiceae) appliques dans Ie meme champ pendant Ministere. Ces collections sont alimentees a new species from the Altai mountains, plusieurs annees consecutives regulierement et sont I'occasion d'echanges China. Plant Syst. Evol. 174:103-108. • pourraient avoir des implications dans Ie et de prets. Plus de 460 souches de domaine de l'elimination des pesticides. champignons ont ete distribuees aux clients Baum, B.R.; Yen, C.; Yang, J.L. 1991. a partir de la collection de cultures, au cours Roegneria-its generic limits and On a montre que les champignons de l'annee derniere. justification for its recognition. Can. J. Bot. mycorhizogenes a vesicules et arbuscules, 69:282-294. qui forment une association symbiotique La banque de genes et Ie bureau central avec les systemes racinaires des plantes, du Centre des ressources phytogenetiques Behan-Pelletier, Y.M. 1991. Observations on pouvaient s'accaparer les pesticides du sol et du Canada sont situes a la Ferme genital papillae of pycnonotic Brachypylina rendre biodisponibles pour Ies plantes les experimentale centrale,tandis que Ie (Acari: Oribatida). Acarologia (Paris) residus retenus dans Ie sol. Ce genre Conservatoire de clones du Centre se trouve 32:71-78. d'association a donc un impact important sur a la Ferme experimentale de Smithfield 11 Behan-Pelletier, Y.M.; Rjabinin, N.A. 1991. Ie metabolisme, la toxicite dans les tissus Trenton, en Ontario. Description of Sacculozetes filosus gen. nov., vegetaux et l'utilisation des pesticides. On a Le Centre dispose de 290 annees- sp. nov. and Guatemalozetes danos sp. nov. decouvert une fa«on novatrice de personnes et emploie 113 professionnels. (Acari: Oribatida) from grassland habitats. determiner Ie sort des residus retenus dans Can. Entomol. 123:1135-1147. Ie sol de divers pesticides. Les resultats de • Behan-Pelletier, Y.M.; Ryabinin, N.A. 1991. ces travaux nous apprennent entre autres Taxonomy and biogeography of que: Centre de recherches sur les terres et les ressources biologiques 1992 109 Proteremaeus (Acari:Oribatida: Canada. Global Biogeochem. Cycles Symposium of the Pan-American Eremaeidae). Can. Entomol. 123:559-565. 3:205-213. Aerobiological Association. Aerobiologica Behki, R.M. 1991. Di-allate degradation by Brown, D. Ann; Mathur, S.P.;Brown, Anton; 6:128-135. an EPTC-degrading Rhodococcus and in Kushner, DJ. 1990. Relationships between Dalpe, Y. 1989. Inventaire de la flore EPTC-treated soil. Soil BioI. Biochem. some properties of organic soils from the endomycorhizienne des rivages et dunes 23:789-793. southern Canadian Shield. Can. J. Soil Sci. maritimes du Quebec, du Nouveau- Behki, RM.; Khan, S.U. 1990. Inhibitory 70:363-377. Brunswick et de la Nouvelle-:E:cosse.Le effect of parathion on the bacterial Campbell, J.M. 1991. A revision of the Naturaliste can. 116:219-236. degradation of EPTC J. Agric. Food Chern. genera Mycetoporus Mannerheim and Dalpe, Y. 1991. Statut mycorhizien du genre 39:805-808. Ischnosoma Stephens (Coleoptera: Oidiodendron. Can. J. Bot. 69:1712-1714. Behki, RM.; Khan, S.u. 1991. Degradation Staphylinidae: Tachyporinae) of North and De Jong, E.; Acton, D.E; Stonehouse, H.B. of [1_14C-propyl]-EPTC (S-ethyl Central America. Mem. Entomol. Soc. Can. 1990. Estimating the Atterburg limits of dipropylthiocarbamate) by a soil bacterial No. 156. 169 pp. southern Saskatchewan soils from texture isolate. Hemisphere 21:1457-1463. Campbell, J.M. 1991. 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Can. J. Soil Sci. 71:101-117. Bright, D.E. 1991. A note concerning Sitona Cayouette, J.; Catling, P.M. 1991. Notulae Dinel, H.; Mehuys, G.R; Levesque, M. tibialis (Herbst) in North America cyperologicae 4. Naming, filing and (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Cole opt. Bull. conservation of sedge hybrids. Cyperaceae 1991. Influence of humic and fibric materials 45:198-199. Newsl. 9:6-7. on the aggregation and aggregate stability of a lacustrine silty clay. Soil Sci. 151:146-158. Bright, D.E. 1991. Studies in Xyleborini 2. Cayouette, J.; Cody, w.J. 1989. Bernard Review of the genus Sampsonius Eggers Boivin (1916-1985). Quatre-temps Dumontet, S.; Levesque, M.; Mathur, S.P. (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Stud. Neotrop. (Montreal, Quebec) 13:2-11. 1990. Static pile, passive aeration composting Fauna and Environ. 26:11- 28. Cramer, C.; Smith, I.M. 1991. New species of manure slurries using peat as a bulking agent. BioI. Wastes 34:323--333. Britton, D.M.; Catling, P.M.; Norris, J.; of water mites (Acari: Hydrachnida) of the Varga, S. 1991. Engelmanns Quillwort, genera Bandakia, (Anisitsiellidae), Dwyer, L.M.; Tollenaar, M.; Houwing, L. 1991. A nondestructive method to monitor Isoetes engelmannii, an addition to the Chappuisides (Chappuisididae), and aquatic flora of Canada. Can. Field-Nat. Neoacarus (Neoacaridae) from Mexico. Can. leaf greenness in corn. Can. J. Plant Sci. 105(1):67-70. Entomol. 123:795-809. 71:505-509. Brown, D.A; Mathur, S.P.; Kushner, D.J. Crompton, Cw. 1990. The distribution and Dwyer, L.M.; Tollenaar, M.; Stewart, D.W. 1990. Methane production in an attributes of selected weeds as hayfever 1991. Changes in plant density dependence ombrotrophic bog, Mer Bleue, Ottawa, plants. In Crompton, Cw.; et aI., eds. of leaf photosynthesis of maize (Zea mays 110 Centre for Land and Biological Resources Research 1992 l L.) hybrids, 1959 to 1988. Can. J. Plant Sci. 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Molnar, Ph.D. Cytogenetique Cell biology WM.S. Orr, Ph.D. Biologie cellulaire Lipid biochemistry M.K Pomeroy, Ph.D. Biochimie des lipides Molecular genetics L. Robert, Ph.D. Genetique moleculaire Cell genetics D. Simmonds, Ph.D. Cytogenetique Cereal tissue culture J.A Simmonds, Ph.D. Culture tissulaire des cereales Plant-Microbe Interactions Interactions plantes-micro-organismes Program Chairperson; Virus and Re. Sinha, D.Sc. Directeur de programme; viroses et mycoplasma diseases mycoplasmoses Rhizobium ecological genetics L.R Barran, Ph.D. Genecologie des rhizobiums Spectroscopy BA Blackwell, Ph.D. Spectroscopie Rhizobium ecology E.S.P. Bromfield, Ph.D. Ecologie des rhizobiums Rhizobium physiology Y.K. Chan, Ph.D. Physiologie des rhizobiums Fusarium physiology and toxins J.D. Miller, Ph.D. Physiologie et toxines des Fusarium Microbial genetics T. Ouellet, Ph.D. Genetique microbienne Phytochemistry AK Picman, Ph.D. Phytochimie Mycotoxin chemistry M.E. Savard, Ph.D. Chimie des mycotoxines Corn pathology L. Reid, Ph.D. Pathologie du mais Snow mold diseases E.R Schneider, Ph.D. Maladies causees par la moisissure des neiges Cereal pathology WL. Seaman, Ph.D. Pathologie des cereales Rhizobium genetics RJ. Watson, Ph.D. Genetique des rhizobiums Rhizobium genetics RG.L. Wheatcroft, D.Phil. Genetique des rhizobiums Analytical chemistry of mycotoxins J.e. Young, Ph.D. Chimie analytique des mYGOtoxines Plant Breeding and Management Amelioration genetique et r.~giedes cultures Program Chairperson; Soybean H.D. Voldeng, D.Phil. Directeur de programme; amelioration du breeding soja 114 Centre de recherches phytotechniques 1992 Forage quality N.P. Ames, Ph.D. Qualite des fourrages Crop physiology C.I. Andrews, Ph.D. Physiologie des plantes cultivees Oat breeding Y.D. Burrows, Ph.D. Amelioration de l'avoine Cereal physiology and grain J. Fregeau-Reid, Ph.D. Physiologie des cere ales et qualite quality des grains Com breeding RI. Hamilton, Ph.D. Amelioration du mais Barley genetics K.M. Ho, Ph.D. Genetique de I'orge Crop physiology H.J. Hope, Ph.D. Physiologie des plantes cultivees Genetics of forage A.R McElroy, Ph.D. Aspects genetiques de la qualite des quality plantes fourrageres Integrated pest management F. Meloche, M.Sc. Lutte integree Crop physiology M.J. Morrison, Ph.D. Physiologie des plantes cultivees Wheat genetics R Pandeya, Ph.D. Genetique du ble Grain quality L.Pietrzak, Ph.D. Qualite des grains Protein chemistry (seconded in) C. Zarkadas, Ph,D. Chimie des proteines (prete a la Direction) Electron Microscopy and Spectroscopy Services de microscopie electronique et Services de spectroscopie Head of Unit RC. Sinha, D.Se. Chef de section Mndate The Plant Research Centre develops new A quantitative microspectrophotometric isolated from fusarium-resistant com that knowledge and technologies for improving method was developed to measure germ inhibited the production of the toxin forage, oilseed, and cereal crops. Included is content in wheat flour. This method has deoxynivaienoi. This finding could be used research on potential for application in the milling to screen for resistant inbreds. A new toxin, • quality industry . fusarin F, was isolated from Fusarium • plant health Oats The centre registered the two moniliforme and chemically characterized. • optimum plant-environment interactions. hull-less oat cultivars AC Lotta and AC Hill This work will help in developing techniques The centre also develops new cultivars and the milling oat cultivar AC Stewart. AC for its analysis in contaminated com of soybeans and oats and new inbred lines Stewart has high yield and lodging resistance samples. of com. and is resistant to smut, crown rust, and Soybeans The centre registered the barley yellow dwarf virus. following: Achievements The virulence of cereal rust on the • the high protein soybean germplasm line Wheat We identified 295 soft white winter previously resistant oat cultivar Newman was OT89-16 wheat lines resistant to fusarium head blight observed for the first time in some • four pairs of Maple Presto-derived from crosses with the Brazilian cultivar . commerCial fields of eastern Ontario, genetic stocks differing in morphological Frontana. These lines will form the basis for emphasizing the need for new sources of characteristics developing resistant cultivars. Fifty doubled resistance. Gene tagginghas been successfully • seven daylength-insensitive near-isogenic haploid lines of wheat hybrids have been used to identify a gene responsible for stem genetic stocks of widely grown Ontario obtained by embryo rescue after pollination rust resistance in oats. The biological activity cultivars for use by plant breeders and with Zea mays strains to transfer disease of three isomeric sesquiterpene lactones physiologists. resistance from exotic wheat to Canadian showed antifungal properties against Canota Equations were developed that cultivars. pathogens that infect cereals, including oats. accurately predict rate of leaf expansion in A 5-year study established optimal Barley The six-row, high-yielding, mildew- summer rape based on environmental sowing dates and rates for soft white winter resistant barley AC Burman was registered. conditions. Two genes specific to cold wheat in eastern Ontario. All cultivars The eastern Canadian six-row barley acclimation in Brassica napus have been observed in commercial fields were co-operative trial established that we could sequenced. The regulatory elements of the susceptible to the Ontario isolates of snow reduce the number of test locations. genomic clone of one of these genes have molds. Com The centre released to the seed corn also been sequenced. Specific restriction fragment length industry 18 inbred lines with superior A mechanism responsible for polymorphism (RFLP) probes for combining ability and agronomic traits. A frost-induced retention of chlorophyll chromosome seven have been used to controlled environment test was developed pigments in the maturing seed of canol a has identify Agropyron -wheat interchanges to estimate com emergence potential under been elucidated. Understanding the cause of carrying rust resistance. Functional genes low soil temperatures. green seed will provide ways of alleviating microinjected into targeted cells of wheat this economically serious problem. apices enhanced the possibility that Fusarium-resistant and transposon transgenic plants could be obtained by active maize lines have been combined. A The pathway for incorporating normal zygotic embryogenesis. number of novel phenolic alkaloids were long-chain fatty acids into canola storage Plant Research Centre 1992 115 lipids has been elucidated. This insight is growth facilities, and experimental fields for chances d'obtenir des plantes transgeniques useful in modifying oil quality in oilseeds. CEF establishments. PRC is also responsible par simple embryogenese zygotique. Plants have also been transformed with key for the motor vehicle fleet. Research services Une technique microspectrophoto- enzymes of the glycolytic pathway to study are provided to other establishments in metrique permettant de mesurer la quantite modifications in oil yield. electron microscopy, nuclear magnetic de germe dans la farine de ble a ete Flower-specific cDNAs have been resonance spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy, elaboree. Cette technique pourrait s'averer isolated from Brassica napus, to help and microspectrophotometry. utile dans I'industrie de la meunerie. increase the potential for hybrid canola The staff of 217 person-years includes Avoine Deux cultivars d'avoine a grains production. Methods used for transferring 42 professionals. nus, l'AC Lotta et I'AC Hill, et un cultivar genes from Shepherd's purse successfully d'avoine de qualite meuniere, I'AC Stewart, into Brassica napus could be applied to • ont ete enregistres. En plus de donner un transfer insect- and disease-resistance traits haut rendement et d'avoir un,;:tres bonne into canola. Mndat resistance a la verse, ce dernier resiste au Forages The centre released a tall fescue Le Centre de recherches phytotechniques charbon, a la rouille couronnl~e et au virus cultivar Festica arundinacea, AC Graze, and (CRP) cree de nouvelles connaissances et de du nanisme jaune de l'orge. a winter-hardy orchardgrass Dactylis nouvelles techniques pour I'amelioration des Le cultivar d'orge Newman, auparavant glomerata, AC Nordic, to Canadian cultures fourrageres, oleagineuses et resistant, s'est pour la premie:re fois montre companies. Analysis of leaf sections of cerealieres. La recherche porte notamment sensible a la rouille des cereales dans des coastal Bermudagrass, Cynodon dactylon, sur cultures commerciales de l'est de l'Ontario. revealed the location and quantity of • la qualite Ceci met clairement en evidence la necessite aromatic compounds associated with • les aspects phytosanitaires de trouver de nouvelles sources de digestibility. A genetic model of heterosis at • les interactions optimales entreles resistance. Nous avons pu reperer, au moyen multi-allelic loci in alfalfa and orchardgrass vegetaux et leur milieu. du marquage genMique, un gene important was developed. dans la resistance de l'avoinf: a la rouille de Le centre cree egalement de nouveaux The centre became the first la tige. Trois isomeres de la lactone cultivars de soja et d'avoine et de nouvelles organization in Canada to release a sesquiterpenique ont demontre des lignees autofecondees de mais. genetically engineered beneficial proprietes antifongiques effkaces contre des microorganism, Rhizobium meliloti, in the Realisations pathogenes de l'avoine et d'autres cereales. field. This research allowed the Food BM Nous avons repere 2951ignees de ble Orge Une orge a six rangs, a haut Production and Inspection Branch to blanc tendre d'hiver resistant a la brfilure de rendement et resist ante aux moisissures, formulate regulations for the release of l'AC Burman, a ete enregistree. L'essai en microbes in the environment. A specific l'epi parmi des lignees obtenues par croisement avec Ie cultivar Frontana du collaboration portant sur I'orge a six rangs, diagnostic probe for this microbe was also Bresil. Nous pourrons ainsi elaborer des mene dans l'est du Canada, a demontre que discovered in the genome of R. meliloti. cultivars resistants. Cinquante lignees Ie nombre de sites d'experirnentation An agreement was signed with Grow dihaploides de ble hybride ont ete obtenues pouvait etre reduit. Tec Ltd. in Edmonton, Alta., to evaluate and par prelevement d'embryons apres Mars Des lignees autofecondees, possibly commercialize several new strains pollinisation avec des varietes de Zea mays presentant un degre de combinabilite eleve of R. meliloti for alfalfa inoculants. Rhizobia en vue de transferer a des cultivars et des proprietes culturales superieures, ont from the high Arctic were shown to be canadiens la resistance que Ie ble exotique ete mises en circulation. Un test en adapted to fixing nitrogen in forage legumes oppose a la maladie. ambiance contr61ee a Me eilabore afin de at low temperature. Une etude de 5 ans nous a permis mesurer Ie potentiel de levl~edu mais dans Analysis showed that 4.8 kilobase pair d'etablir avec precision les dates et doses de un sol a basse temperature. extrachromosal DNA carried information semis optimales pour la culture du ble blanc Nous avons croise des lignees de mais for insect vector transmission of the clover tendre d'hiver dans l'est de l'Ontario. Tous . resistantes au Fusarium aVI;:cdes lignees de phyllody pathogen from plant to plant. les cultivars exploites commercialement se mais a transposons actifs. Nous avons pu Awards Dr. RD. Voldeng was made an sont reveles sensibles aux souches de isoler, dans du mais resistant au Fusarium, Honorary Lifetime Member in the Canadian moisissure des neiges isolees en Ontario. un bon nombre de nouveaux alcaloides Seed Growers' Association. Des sondes s'hybridant des fragments phenoliques qui inhibent la production specifiques de restriction montrant un d'une toxine appelee desoxynivalenol. Cette Resources polymorphisme de longueur ont ete reussite s'annonce prometteuse dans la The centre, located in 16 buildings on the appliquees au chromosome sept afin de selection de lignees autofe:condees Central Experimental Farm (CEF), is reperer les croisements chromosomiques resistantes. Une nouvelle toxine, la fusarine managed from the K.w. Neatby Building. entre l'agropyre et Ie ble porteurs de la F, a ete isolee chez Ie Fusarium moniliforme, The director of PRC is responsible for three resistance a la rouille. Les genes puis caracterisee chimiquement. Cette research programs and the operations for fonctionnels peuvent etre introduits par realisation va faciliter I'elaboration de the 500-ha CEF. The operations include microinjection dans des cellules choisies de techniques servant a l'analyse de cette maintaining the CEF grounds, the l'apex du ble. Ce procede augmente les Arboretum, the Ornamental Gardens, 116 Centre de recherches phytoitechniques 1992 substance dans les echantillons de mai's avons elabore, pour la luzerne et Ie dactyle Research Publications contamine. pelotonne, un modele genetique de Publications de recherche Soja Le centre a enregistre Ie materiel l'heterosis au niveau des loci de genes Aidun, v.L.; Migus, W; Hamilton, RI. 1991. genetique de la lignee de soja, polyalleliques. Use of seedling cold tolerance to predict OT89-16, a haute teneur proteique Le centre a ete Ie premier organisme hybrid cold tolerance in maize (Zea mays L.) quatre paires de stocks genetiques canadien a mettre a I'essai sur Ie terrain un Can. J. Plant Sci. 71:663-667. elaborees a partir du Maple Presto et microorganisme benefique issu du genie Albani, D.; Robert, L.S.; Donaldson, P.A.; et ayant des caracteristiques morphologiques genetique, en I'occurence Ie Rhizobium al. 1990. Characterization of a pollen- differentes meliloti. Ainsi, la Direction generale de la specific gene family from Brassica napus sept stocks genetiques photo-aperiodiques production et de l'inspection des aliments a which is activated during early microspore quasi isogammes de cultivars tres pu emettre les reglements concernant development. Plant Mol. BioI. 15:605-622. l'introduction de microorganismes dans repandus en Ontario, pour Ie benefice des Armstrong, KC.; Le, H.; Fedak, G. 1991. l'environnement. Une sonde specifique selectionneurs et physiologistes. Expression of Thinopyrum distichum NORS permettant de reperer ce microorganisme a in wheat X Thinopyrum amphiploids and Canola Des equations fondees sur les egalement ete decouverte dans Ie genome their backcross progenies. Theor. Appl. conditions environnementales ont ete du R. meliloti. elaborees afin de predire avec precision la Genet. 81:363-368. Une entente a ete signee avec Grow Tec vitesse de developpement foliaire du colza Barran, L.R; Bromfield, E.S.P.; Rastogi, v.; Ltd d'Edmonton, en Alberta, afin d'evaluer de printemps. Nous avons sequence deux Whitwill, S.T.; Wheatcroft, R 1991. plusieurs nouvelles souches de R. meliloti brins d'ADNc portant les genes regissant Transposition and copy number of insertion dans Ie but de les commercialiser comme l'acclimation au froid chez Ie Brassica napus. sequence ISRml are not correlated with inoculant pour la luzerne. Des Rhizobium Les fragments regulateurs du clone symbiotic performance of Rhizobium meliloti de l'Arctique se sont montres aptes a fixer genomique de I'un de ces genes ont aussi ete from two field sites. Can. J. Microbiol. I'azote a basse temperature dans des sequences. 37:576-579. legumineuses fourrageres. Nous avons elucide un mecanisme par Basu, P.K; Butler, G. 1991. Colony growth Des analyses ont demontre qu'un brin lequelle gel occasionne une retention des response to temperature and pathogenicity d'ADN extrachromosomique de 4,8 kb est pigments de chlorophylle dans les grains de of isolates of Verticilliuim albo-atrum from porteur de I'information responsable de la canol a au stade de maturation. Les grains alfalfa in Canada. Can. J. Plant Pathol. transmission, par les insectes, du pathogene verts presente un serieux probleme 13:112-115. de la phyllodie du trefle d'une plante a economique, dont la solution repose sur la l'autre. Boivin, c.; Barran, L.R; Malpica, c.A.; connaissance des facteurs et processus Rosenberg, C. 1991. Genetic analysis of a responsables de ce phenomene. Distinction honorifique Le titre de membre region of the Rhizobium meliloti pSym honoraire a vie a ete decerne par Nous avons elucide Ie mode plasmid specifying catabolism of I'Association canadienne des producteurs de d'incorporation des acides gras a longue trigonelline, a secondary metabolite present semences a Dr RD. Voldeng. chaine dans les lipides de reserve du canola. in legumes. J. Bacteriol. 173:2809-2817. Grace a cette decouverte, il est possible de Ressources Buckley, D.J.; Lefebvre, M.; Meijer, E.G.M.; modifier la qualite de I'huile des oleagineux. Le Centre de recherches phytotechniques Brown, D.C.W 1990. A signal generator for Nous avons aussi modifie des plantes a l'aide electrofusion of plant protoplasts. Comput. d'enzymes-cles de la voie glycolytique pour est situe a la Ferme experimentale centrale, Electron. Agric. 5:179-185. etudier les repercussions de cette operation I'administration centrale se trouvant dans sur leur production d'huile. l'edifice KW Neatby. Le directeur gere trois Chan, Y.-K 1991. Temperature response of programmes de recherche ainsi que an associative Nz-fixingPseudomonas Des brins d'ADNc propres aux fleurs l'exploitation de la Ferme experimentale species in pure culture. Can. J. Microbiol. ont ete isoles chez Ie Brassica napus, dans Ie centrale (500 ha). L'exploitation comprend 37:715-718. but d'accroitre Ie potentiel de production du l'entretien des terrains de la ferme, de Chiykowski, L.N. 1991. Reaction of canola hybride. Les methodes permettant de l'Arboretum, des jardins de plantes additional barley cultivars to two aster transmettre des genes de la bourse-a-pasteur ornementales, des installation de culture et yellows strains. Can. Plant Dis. Surv. au Brassica napus pourraient aussi etre des champs experimentaux pour les 71:143-145. utilisees pour conferer au canola une etablissements de la ferme. Le centre est meilleure resistance aux insectes et aux egalement charge du parc automobile. Des Chiykowski, L.N. 1991. Vector-pathogen- maladies. services de recherche sont fournis aux autres host plant relationships of clover phyllody Fourrages Un cultivar de fetuque elevee etablissements en microscopie electronique, mycoplasmalike organism and the vector (Festica arundinacea), l'AC Graze, et une en resonance magnetique nucleaire, en leafhopper Paraphlepsius irroratus. Can. J. variete de dactyle pelotonne (Dactylis spectroscopie de masse et en Plant Pathol. 13:11-18. glomerata) resistant a I'hiver, l'AC Nordic, microspectrophotometrie. Chong, J.; Seaman, WL. 1990. Distribution ont ete mises en circulation. L'analyse de Le centre dispose de 217 annees- and virulence of Puccinia coronata in coupes de feuilles du dactyle des Bermudes personnes et emploie 42 personnes de la Canada in 1989. Can. J. Plant Pathol. cotier, Cynodon dactylon, nous a permis de categorie professionnelle. 12:431-435. localiser et de quantifier les composes aromatiques relies a la digestibilite. Nous • Plant Research Centre 1992 117 Collins, F.W; McLachlan, D.G.; Blackwell, Ho, KM. 1991. Morrison barley. Can. J. Morris, P.F.;Savard, M.E.; Ward, E.W.R RA 1991. Oat phenolics: avenalumic acids, Plant Sci. 71:187-188. 1991. Identification and accumulation of a new group of bound phenolic acids from Johnson-Flanagan, AM.; Thiagarajah, isoflavonoids and isoflavone glucosides in oat groats and hulls. Cereal Chern. R.M.; Pomeroy, M.K 1991. The impact of soybean leaves and hypocotyls in resistance 6S:184-189. freezing during maturation on storage responses to Phytophthora megasperma f. sp. Denes, AS.; Sinha, Re. 1991.Extrachromosal products in canol a seeds. Physiol. Plant. glycinea. Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol. DNA elements of plant pathogenic 81:301-308 .. 39:229-244. mycoplasmalike organisms. Can. J. Plant Le, H.T.; Armstrong, Ke. 1991. In situ Morrison, M.J.; McVetty, P.B.E. 1991. Leaf Pathol. 13:26-32. hybridization as a rapid means to assess appearance rate of summer rape. Can. J. Plant Sci. 71:405-412. Dijak, M.; Keller, WA; Pandeya, RS.; meiotic pairing and detection of alien DNA Gleddie, S. 1991. Transformation of transfers in interphase cells of wide crosses Morrison, M.J.; McVetty, P.RE.; Scarth, R Nicotiana tabacum, N. debneyi and N. involving wheat and rye. Mol. & Gen. 1990. Effect of row spacing and seeding rustica: inheritance and protoplast Genet. 225:33-37. rates on summer rape in southern Manitoba. expression of antibiotic resistance. Plant Cell Letendre, M.; Guibord, M.O.e.; Harcourt, Can. J. Plant Sci. 70:127-137. Tissue Organ Cult. 25:189-197. D.G.; Guppy, J.e. 1991. Note sur l'aire de Pandeya, RS.; Brandle, J.E.; Keller, WA Dwyer, L.M.; Hamilton, RI.; Hayhoe, H.N.; distribution et l'importance du Dacnusa 1991. Delfield flue cured tobacco. Can. J. Royds, W 1991. Analysis of biological traits dryas, un parasite introduit au Quebec pour Plant Sci. 71:575-577. contributing to grain yield of mid- to lutter contre l'agromyze de la luzerne Patterson, G.I.; Harris L.J.; Walbot, v.; late-short season corn (Zea mays L.) (Agromyza frontella). Phytoprotection Chandler, v.L. 1991. Genetic analysis of hybrids. Can. J. Plant Sci. 71:535-541. 72:33:"'35. B-Peru, a regulatory gene in Maize. Genetics Fallik, E.; Chan, Y.-K; Robson, RL. 1991. Major, D.J.; Beasley, R; Hamilton, RI. 126:205-220. Detection of alternative nitrogenases in 1991. Effect of maize maturity on radiation- Plourde, A; Comeau, A; Fedak, G.; St. aerobic gram-negative nitrogen-fixing .use efficiency. Agron. J. 83:895-903. Pierre, e.A 1989. Intergeneric hybrids of bacteria. J. Bacteriol. 173:365-371. Martin, Re.; Voldeng, H.D.; Smith, D.L. Triticum aestivum X Leymus multicaulis. Finan, T.M.; McWhinnie, E.; Driscoll, R; 1991. Nitrogen transfer from nodulating Genome 32:282-287. Watson, RJ. 1991. Complex symbiotic soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] to corn Plourde, A; Comeau, A; Fedak, G.; St. phenotypes result from gluconeogenic (Zea mays L.) and non-nodulating soybean Pierre, e.A 1989. Production and mutations in Rhizobium meliloti. Mol. in intercrops: direct 15N labelling methods. cytogenetics of hybrids Triticum aestivum X Plant-Microbe Interact. 4:386-392. New Phytol. 117:233-241. Leymus innovatus. Theor. Appl. Genet. Flavell, RR; Goldsbrough, AP.; Robert, Martin, RC.; Voldeng, H.D.; Smith, D.L. 78:436-444. L.S.; Schnick, D.; Thompson, RD. 1989. 1991. Nitrogen transfer from nodulating Plourde, A; Fedak, G.; St. Pierre, e.A; Genetic variation in wheat HMW glutenin soybean to maize or to nonnodulating Comeau, A 1990. A novel intergeneric subunits and the molecular basis of soybean in intercrops: the 15N dilution hybrid in the Triticeae: Triticum aestivum X bread-making quality. Bio!Technol. method. Plant Soil 132:53-63. Psathyrostachys juncea. Theor. Appl. Genet. 7:1281-1285. Martin, RC.; VoldeI1g,H.D.; Smith, D.L. 79:45-48. Fobert, P.R; Miki, RL.; Iyer, V.N. 1991. 1991. The effects of intercrop spacing Pomeroy, M.K; Kramer, J.K.G.; Hunt, D.J.; Detection of gene regulatory signals in patterns on the silage yield of maize and Keller, WA 1991. Fatty acid changes during plants revealed byT-DNA-mediated fusions. soybean. J. Agron. Crop Sci. 167:81-90. development of zygotic and microspore- Plant MOl. BioI. 17:837-851. McElroy, AR. 1991. Expected levels of derived embryos of Brassica napus. Physiol. Greenhalgh, R 1991. Agrochemicals: heterozygosity in autotetraploid progeny Plant. 81:447-454. pesticides and other strategies for pest populations. Euphytica 55:117-123. Prasad, S.S.; Harris, L.J.; Baillie, D.L.; Rose, control. Impact Sci. Soc. (Engl. Ed.). Miller, J.D. 1991. Contamination offood by AM. 1991.Evolutionarily conserved regions 157:27-36. Fusarium toxins: studies from Austral-Asia. in Caenorhabditis transposable elements Greenhalgh, R; Miller, J.D.; Visconti, A Proc. Jpn. Assoc. Mycotoxicol. 32:17-24. deduced by sequence comparison. Genome 1991. Toxigenic potential of Fusarium Miller, J.D.; Savard, M.E. 1991. Antibiotic 34:6-12. compactum R8287 and R8293. J. Agric. activity of the marine fungus Leptosphaeria Provost, D.; Bromfield, E.S.P. 1991. Effect of Chern. 39:809-812. oraemaris. Proc. N.S. Inst. Sci. 39:51-58. low root temperature on symbiotic nitrogen Harcourt, D.D.; Guppy, J.e. 1991. Miller, J.D.; Greenhalgh, R; Wang, Y.Z.; fixation and competitive nodulation of Numerical analysis of an outbreak of the Lu, M. 1991. Mycotoxin chemotypes of Onobrychis viciifolia (sainfoin) by strains of arctic and temperate rhizobia. BioI. Fertil. alfalfa weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in three Fusarium species. Mycologia Soils 12:161-164. eastern Ontario. Environ. Entomol. 83:121-130. 20:217-223. Rastogi, V.K; Watson, RJ. 1991. Aspartate Molnar, S.J.; McKay, A 1991. Restriction aminotransferase activity is required for Harris, L.J.; Alfara, RI.; Borden, J.H. 1990. fragment analysis of ribosomal and hordein Role of needles in close-range host selection genes in eastern Canadian two-rowed aspartate catabolism and symbiotic nitrogen by the white pine weevil on Sitka spruce. J. barleys. Genome 34:298-302. Entomol. Soc. Re. 87:22-25. 118 Centre de recherches phytotechniques 1992 fixation in Rhizobium meliloti. J. Bacteriol. Voldeng, H.D.; Saindon, G. 1991. 173:2879-2887. Registration of four pairs of 'Maple Presto' Reid, L.M.; Amason, J.T.; Nozolillo, c.; derived soybean genetic stocks. Crop Sci. Hamilton, R 1991. Laboratory and field 31:1398-1399. resistance to the European com borer in Voldeng, H.D.; Saindon, G. 1991. maize germplasm. Crop Sci. 31:1496-1502. Registration of seven long-daylength Robert, L.S.; Donaldson, P.A; Ladaique, c.; insensitive soybean genetic stocks. Crop Sci. et al. 1990. Antisense RNA inhibition of 31:1399. p-glucuronidase gene expression in Waseem, M.; Phipps J.; Carbonneau R; transgenic tobacco can be transiently Simmonds J. 1991. Plant growth substances overcome using a heat-inducible in sugar maple (Acer saccharum) spring sap. p-glucuronidase gene construct. Identification of cytokinins, abscisic acid and Bioffechnol. 8:459-464. an indole compound. J. Plant Physiol. Rutledge, R.G.; Ouellet, T.;Hattori, J.; Miki, 138:489-493. B.L. 1991. Molecular characterization and Wenzel, c.; Brown, D.C.W 1991. genetic origin of the Brassica napus Histological events leading to somatic acetohydroxyacid synthase multigene family. embryo formation in cultured petioles of Mol. & Gen. Genet. 229:31-40. alfalfa. In Vitro Cell. & Dev. BioI. Sampson D.R.; Fulcher, D.G.; Seaman, 27P:19D-196. WL.; Fregeau-Reid, J. 1991. Harmil winter Weselake, RJ.; Taylor, D.C.; Pomeroy, wheat. Can. J. Plant Sci. 71:543-546. M.K.; Lawson, S.L.; Underhill, E.W 1991. Savard, M.E. 1991. Deoxynivalenol fatty DiaCylglycerol acyltransferase from Brassica acid and glucoside conjugates. J. Agric. Food napus. Phytochem. (Oxf.) 30:3533-3538. Chern. 39:570-574. Wheatcroft, R; Laberge, S. 1991. Simmonds, D. 1991. Microtubules in Identification and nucleotide sequence of cultured protoplasts. Acta Bot. Neerl. Rhizobium meliloti insertion sequence 40:183-195. ISRm3: similarity between the putative transposase encoded by ISRm3 and those Simmonds, D.H.; Long, N.E.; Keller, WA encoded by Staphylococcus IS256 and 1991. High plating efficiency and plant Thiobacillus ferrooxidans IST2. J. Bacteriol. regeneration frequency in low density 173:2530-2538. protoplast cultures derived from an embryogenic Brassica napus cell suspension. Wood, P.J.; Weiz, J.; Blackwell, RA 1991. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. 27:231-241. Molecular characterization of cereal p-n-glucans. Structural analysis of oat Simmonds, J. 1991. Gene transfer in the p-n-glucan and rapid structural evaluation Gramineae. Plant Breeding Abstracts. of P-D-glucan from different sources by high 61:1369-1376. performance liquid chromatography of Sproule, A; Donaldson, P.; ...; Pandeya, R; oligosaccharides released by lichenase. et al. 1991. Fertile somatic hybrids between Cereal Chern. 68:31-39. transgenicNicotiana tabacum and transgenic Zarkadas, C.G.; Meighen, E.A; Rochemont, N. debneyi selected by dual-antibiotic J.A; et al. 1990. Determination of resistance. Theor. App!. Genet. 82:450-456. methylated basic amino acids, Taylor, D.C.; Weber, N.; ...; Pomeroy, M.K. 5-hydroxylysine and elastin crosslinks in 1991. Triacylglycerol bioassembly in proteins and tissues. Pages 201-216 in microspore-derived embryos of Brassica Lubec, G.; Rosenthal, G.A, eds. Amino napus L. cv Reston. Plant Physiol. acids. ESCOM Science Publishers RY., (Bethesda) 97:65-79. Leiden, The Netherlands. Tremblay, M.-F.; Nicolas, 0.; Sinha, RC.; Lazure, c.; Laliberte, J.-F. 1991. Sequence of the 3 f terminal region of turnip mosaic virus RNA and of the encoded protein. J. Gen. Viro!. 71:2769-2772. Voldeng, H.D.; Saindon, G. 1991. Registration of a high-protein soybean germplasm line OT89-16. Crop Sci. 31:1100. Plant Research Centre 1992 119 _ .. _- -- -_. ------, Western Region Region de rOuest Director General D.G. Dorrell, Ph.D. Directeur general Program Director P.D. Lidster, Ph.D. Directeur des programmes Directors Directeurs Brandon J.A. Robertson, Ph.D. Brandon Morden RM.N. Kucey, Ph.D. Morden Winnipeg J.B. Bole, Ph.D. Winnipeg Regina R Grover, Ph.D. Regina Saskatoon RE. Howarth, Ph.D. Saskatoon Swift Current P.A. O'Sullivan, Ph.D. Swift Current Beaverlodge J.D. McElgunn, Ph.D. Beaverlodge Lacombe J.F.c.A. Pantekoek, D.V.M., Ph.D. Lacombe Lethbridge B.H. Sonntag, Ph.D. Lethbridge Agassiz J.M. Molnar, Ph.D. Agassiz Summerland J. Dueck, Ph.D. Summerland Vancouver D.L. Struble, Ph.D. Vancouver Directory of Research 1992 121 BRANDON Research Station Station de recherches Research Branch Direction generale de la recherche Agriculture Canada Agriculture Canada 18th Street and Valley Road 18e rue et chemin Valley P.O. Box 1000A, RR #3 CP. 1000A, RR #3 Brandon, Manitoba Brandon (Manitoba) R7A5Y3 R7A5Y3 Tel. (204) 726-7650 Tel. Fax (204) 728-3858 Telecopie EM OTTB::EM360MAIL CE. RfeSSional Staff R,sonnel professionnel Director J.A Robertson, Ph.D. Directeur Assistant Director L.D. Bailey, Ph.D. Directeur adjoint Administrative Officer H.A. Reid, M.B.A. Agent d'administration Computer System Manager RJ. Bomford, M.Sc. Gestionnaire du systeme informatique Librarian (seconded in) CP. Enns, M.L.S. Bibliothecaire (detache) Information Officer S. Ramsay, B.Sc.(Agr.) Agent d'information Animal Science Zootechnie Section Head; Beef cattle G.W Rahnefeld, Ph.D. Chef de section; amelioration genetique breeding des bovins de boucherie Swine nutrition AG. Castell, Ph.D. Alimentation des porcs Meat physiology RL. Cliplef, Ph.D. Physiologie des viandes Swine reproductive physiology G.W Dyck, Ph.D. Physiologie de la reproduction chez Ie porc Swine nutrition RR. Grandhi, Ph.D. Alimentation des porcs Swine genetics RM. McKay, Ph.D. Genetique du porc Soil and Plant Science Phytologie et science des sols Section Head; Soil-plant relationships L.D. Bailey, Ph.D. Chef de section; relations sol-plante Soil management CA Grant, Ph.D. Gestion des sols Barley genetics WG. Legge, Ph.D. Genetique de l'orge Forage agronomy and pasture WP. McCaughey, Ph.D. Agronomie herbagere et regie des management paturages Herbicides and weed control P.M. McMullan, Ph.D. Herbicides et desherbage Com breeding S. Plett, Ph.D. Amelioration du mals Forage agronomy RG. Simons, Ph.D. Agronomie herbagere Barley breeding M.C Therrien, Ph.D. Amelioration de l'orge Mndate The Brandon Research Station conducts showed that the half Simmental-half programs to maximize cow productivity research on production systems for beef Shorthorn dam cross produced the most under extensive range management or cattle and swine. Sustainable management weight of calf weaned per mating semi-intensive cultivated pasture systems are being developed for cultivated opportunity at both locations. The lowest management. soils and crops in the Black soil zone that values were recorded by the half Findings based on 1461 records, include forage agronomy and pasture Hereford-half Angus and the three-quarters collected from 1985 to 1990, showed that management as well as weed control in Shorthorn-one-quarter Simmental dam gestation length in beef cows is moderately annual crops. New cultivars of barley and crosses at Brandon and the three-quarters heritable and would respond to selection. com are also developed through Hereford~one-quarter Simmental dam cross Selection for shorter gestation length would conventional breeding programs. at Manyberries. For all performance criteria, have the combined effect of smaller birth calves from F dams had an advantage over I weight and lower incidence of calving Achievements calves from the backcross females. This difficulty. This would result in higher information is expected to assist cow-calf Beef cattle A 7-year beef-cattle study at conception rate, shorter postpartum interval, Brandon, Man., and Manyberries, Alta., producers in planning their breeding Brandon 1992 123 and lower calf mortality, all of which would Dr. Paul N.P Chow, who has retired, resistance in the soil surface was highest be of considerable economic value to received the Canadian Society of Agronomy under zero tillage and lowest under cow-calf producers. Merit Award at the 1991 Annual Meeting of conventional tillage. However, below 15 cm, Heritability estimates were found to be the Agricultural Institute of Canada in tillage systems had no effect. Crop rotations moderate to high and highly significant for Fredricton, N.B., in recognition of that included peas produced soils with lower age at puberty in bulls and in all measures of contributions he has made to weed control penetration resistance than did those with scrotal circumference. Early selection for in cereals and other annual crops. no legume. Conventionally tilled soils had scrotal circumference would have a positive New information was released to higher N content in the middle soil zones effect on age at puberty in bulls and in extension agronomists and producers on the than did soils under reduced tillage. Crop half-sib sisters. Growth (140-day'feedlot reliability of using corn heat units to rotations that included summerfallow gain) in yearling bulls was favorably related accurately predict the relative maturity of produced soils with high levels of N at a with postpartum interval and with the individual corn hybrids. Results confirmed depth of 60-120 cm, where it would be interval from calving to conception in that the current method of calculating corn subject to leaching. These results show the half-sib sisters. This information is expected heat units is more accurate than either long-term effects of tillage and cropping to assist producers in planning beef-cattle modified corn heat units or growing sequence on soil fertility, soil quality, and potential nitrate contamination of the breeding programs. degree-days. Consequently, corn hybrids will groundwater. Swine Meat physiology studies examined now be assigned a relative maturity rating In field studies, banded application of P how processing and method of cooking can based on corn heat units accumulated over tended to be more effective than broadcast affect pork products. Processing decreased the growing season to 30% grain moisture. the percentage of fat in fresh pork bellies. Forages Five years of field work were application or residual P in increasing tissue concentration and uptake of P in flax. Tissue Bacon lost more weight through frying than completed in developing a practical, microwaving, but fried bacon retained economic model of nitrogen fertilization for content of P tended to decrease with application of Zn, when P levels in the tissue approximately 1% more fat than dryland hay crops in the Parkland region of were relatively high. When Zn was applied microwaved bacon. Fatty acid profiles were western Canada. This model shows that the with banded P,it tended to reduce uptake of unaffected by cooking method. However, current nitrogen fertilizer recommendations P by the plant. However, when applied with cholesterol did change, with levels in fried for grass hayfields may be misleading broadcast P,Zn tended to increase P uptake. bacon being higher than those in producers under certain economic and Tissue content of Zn tended to decrease microwaved bacon. This information is environmental conditions. The findings both with banded P and with residual P from expected to assist the swine industry in emphasize that the economic optimum developing marketing strategies for bacon. nitrogen supply is extremely sensitive to such applications the previous season. factors as hay price and soil moisture Application of P also tended to increase the A 4-year study with first- and ability of the plant to absorb Mg. This second-litter sows showed that feeding availability and that nitrogen fertilizer recommendations should be modified on the information is expected to help in making supplemental fat or lysine during the recommendations to produc1;:rson efficient basis of these factors. postweaning period can improve breeding management of Zn and P fertilizers in flax. and subsequent reproductive performance in Tests at Brandon Research Station sows that experience substantial weight loss supported the addition of Centurion, Echo, Resources during lactation. These findings are expected and Sure (based on superior yield) to the list Brandon Research Station is one of the five to assist swine producers and the feed of recommended early-maturing alfalfas for original experimental farms established by industry in developing proper nutritional Manitoba. Admiral and Glory were deleted the federal government through an act of management of sows during lactation, and from the recommendations. Kirk crested Parliament in 1886.The land base comprises from weaning to breeding, and in improving wheatgrass will be added to the 708 ha owned and 585 ha rented. The staff general productivity. recommended list of forage grasses, subject comprises 73 person-years, including 18 Swine metabolism studies showed that to the availability of sufficient seed. scientists and other professionals. increased water intake during the Soils Field studies showed that increases in In August 1991 a 6860-m2 office and postweaning period had an adverse effect on flax seed yield resulting from applied Zn laboratory building was completed. The new absorption of dry matter, energy, nitrogen, were infrequent and bore no definite facility includes modern research and various minerals in both first- and relation to soil levels of Zn or P Zn laboratories, computer-controlled second-litter sows. It may therefore be application appears most likely to occur environment chambers and greenhouses, beneficial to regulate water intake from when P fertilizer is broadcast at relatively long-term cold-storage units, library, weaning to breeding to optimize nutrient high levels or on soils with a history of heavy conference rooms, and offices. Local staff absorption and retention in sows. P application. These findings are expected to from the Prairie Farm Rehabilitation Cereals Malting-quality tests confirmed assist in making micronutrient fertilizer Administration and Food Production and recommendations to producers, in avoiding that the use of the herbicides diclofop or Inspection Branch are also located in the applications of unnecessary micronutrients, HOE-6001 should not affect the enzyme new building. and in targeting areas where fertilizer potential of malting barley. Neither herbicide demonstrated a consistent response may occur. • decrease in either a-amylase level or A 4-year study of crop rotations and diastatic power of barley malt. tillage systems showed that penetration 124 Brandon 1992 Mndat mesures de la circonference du scrotum, il suivante afin d'optimiser l'absorption et la La Station de recherches de Brandon s'agissait de caracteres fortement retention des substances nutritives. elabore des systemes de production du pore transmissibles. La sClection precoce de Ceniales Des essais sur la qualite du et des bovins de boucherie. L'equipe de la sujets en fonction de la circonference du maltage ont permis de confirmer que station con~oit egalement des methodes scrotum aura it un effet positif sur l'age de la I'utilisation des herbicides diclofop ou ecologiques de gestion des sols et des puberte des taureaux ainsi que des HOE-6001 ne devrait pas nuire au potentiel cultures dans la zone de sol noire. Ces demi-seeurs. La croissance des taureaux enzymatique de l'orge brassicole. Aucun de methodes touchent l'agronomie des d'environ 1 an (gain en 140jours dans un ces herbicides ne peut etre associe a une fourrages et la gestion des paturages aussi pare d'engraissement) presente une relation diminution constante de la concentration bien que la lutte contre les mauvaises herbes positive avec la duree du post-partum ainsi d'alpha-ainylase ou de la capacite de qui s'attaquent aux plantes annuelles. De qu'avec I'intervalle entre Ie velage et la diastase de l'orge brassicole. nouveaux cultivars de mai"set d'orge sont conception chez les demi-seeurs. Ces Dr Paul N.P. Chow, chercheur a la crees dans Ie cadre de programmes resultats aideront les producteurs a retraite, a re~u Ie prix du merite de la traditionnels d'amelioration. organiser leurs programmes de selection des bovins de boucherie. Societe canadienne d'agronomie lors de la Realisations rencontre annuelle 1991 de l'Institut Porcins Lors d'etudes physiologiques sur la agricole du Canada, qui s'est tenue a Bovins de boucherie Vne etude de 7 ans viande, on a examine les effets de la Fredericton, au Nouveau-Brunswick; Ie prix transformation et de la methode de cuisson menee a Brandon (Manitoba) et a a ete remis a M. Chow pour sa contribution Manyberries (Alberta) qui portait sur les sur les produits du pore. La transformation a a la lutte contre les mauvaises herbes qui bovins de boucherie a montre que des meres conduit a une diminution en pourcentage du envahissent les cultures de cereales et issues d'un croisement moitie Simmental et gras dans les flancs de pore frais. Le bacon d'autres cultures annuelles. moitie Shorthorn produisaient des veaux perdait plus de poids lors de la friture que ayant Ie poids Ie plus eleve au sevrage par lors de la cuisson aux micro-on des, mais Ie Les producteurs et les agronomes- occasion de mise a la reproduction, et ce aux bacon frit retenait environ 1 % plus de gras conseils ont ete informes des resultats de deux endroits. Les resultats les moins bons que Ie bacon cuit aux micro-on des. La recherches portant sur la fiabilite de la ont ete obtenus par les meres moitie methode de cuisson est sans effet sur la methode de calcul des unites thermiques du Hereford et moitie Angus et par les meres courbe des concentrations des acides gras, ce mai"squi devrait servir a prevoir de fa~on trois quarts Shorthorn et un quart qui n'est pas Ie cas de la concentration du exacte la maturite relative de differents Simmental, a Brandon, et par les vaches cholesterol: elle est plus elevee dans Ie hybrides du mai"sconsideres isolement. Les trois quarts Hereford et un quart Simmental, bacon frit que dans Ie bacon cuit aux resultats ont permis de confirmer que la a Manyberries. Au regard de tous les criteres micro-ondes. Cette constatation aidera Ie methode de calcul en vigueur est plus d'evolution consideres, les veaux des meres secteur de la production porcine a elaborer precise que celie des unites thermiques de generation F1 etaient avantages des strategies de marketing du bacon. modifiees du mai"sou que celie du nombre de degre-jours de croissance. Par comparativement aux veaux des meres Vne etude de 4 ans sur des truies qui obtenues par retrocroisement. Ces resultats consequent, on attribuera dorenavant aux ont eu une ou deux portees montre que Ie hybrides du mai"sune cote correspond ant a aideront les eleveurs-naisseurs a organiser fait d'administrer des quantites leurs programmes de selection de maniere a leur degre de maturite relative selon Ie supplement aires de gras ou de lysine apres Ie nombre d'unites thermiques du mai"s maximiser la productivite des vaches placees sevrage peut ameliorer la reproduction et accumulees au cours de la saison de dans des conditions d'elevage extensif en l'efficacite reproductrice subsequente des paturages ou d'elevage semi-intensif en vegetation jusqu'a ce que Ie grain atteigne truies chez qui on a observe une perte une teneur en eau de 30 %. paturages cultives. substantielle de poids durant la lactation. L'analyse de 1 461 dossiers constitues Ces resultats aideront les producteurs de Fourrages On vient de terminer des travaux entre 1985 et 1990 montre que la duree de porcins ainsi que l'industrie de l'alimentation sur Ie terrain, d'une duree de 5 ans, en vue gestation chez les bovins de boucherie est animale a mettre au point des programmes de la mise au point d'un modele pratique et moderement heritable et que ce caractere appropries de gestion de l'alimentation des economique de fertilisation azotee pour les pourrait etre accentue par selection. La truies au cours de l'allaitement ainsi que terrains arides de fauche dans la region du selection en vue du raccourcissement de la durant la peri ode comprise entre Ie sevrage Parkland dans l'ouest du Canada. Ce modele gestation offrirait comme double avantage et la mise a la reproduction suivante, en vue montre que les recommandations en vigueur un poids moindre a la naissance et une d'ameliorer la productivite d'ensemble. au sujet de I'engrais azote destine aux pres de fauche risquent d'induire les producteurs reduction des complications lors du velage. Des etudes du metabolisme des porcins en erreur dans certaines conditions Cela conduirait a l'accroissement du taux de ont montre que l'absorption accrue d'eau economiques et ecologiques. Sur Ie plan grossesse, au raccourcissement du durant la peri ode qui suit Ie sevrage avait un economique, les resultats montrent que des post-partum et a une baisse de la mortalite effet nuisible sur l'absorption des matieres facteurs tels que Ie prix du foin et la des veaux : ces facteurs ont une grande seches, des matieres calorigenes, de l'azote disponibilite de l'eau dans Ie sol influent valeur economique pour les ainsi que de differents mineraux, chez les eleveurs-naisseurs. gran dement sur l'apport azote optimal, d'ou truies qui ont eu une ou deux portees. Par la necessite de modifier les Apres evaluation de I'heritabilite chez consequent, il peut etre avantageux de recommandations port ant sur les apports Ie taureau, on a constate qu'elle allait de reguler la consommation d'eau des truies d'azote. modCree a elevee et que, particulierement entre Ie sevrage et la mise a la reproduction dans Ie cas de l'age de la puberte et des Brandon 1992 125 Des essais qui ont eu lieu a la Station de pour l'augmentation de l'absorption et de la Grant, C.A; Gauer, L.E.; GeM, D.T.; Bailey, recherches de Brandon ont confirme la concentration de P dans Ie lin. La L.D. 1991. Protein production and nitrogen decision de porter les cultivars Centurion, concentration tissulaire de P tendait a utilization by barley cultivars in response to Echo et Sure (a cause de leur rendement diminuer avec l'application de Zn lorsque la nitrogen fertilizer under varying moisture superieur) a la liste des cultivars concentration de P dans les tissus etait assez conditions. Can. J. Plant Sci. 71:997-1009. recommandes de luzerne a maturation elevee. Lorsque Ie Zn etait applique en Grant, C.A; Gauer, L.E.; Gehl, D.T.; Bailey, hiitive au Manitoba; les cultivars Admiral et bandes en meme temps que Ie P,ce premier L.D. 1991. Yield response of sl~midwarfand Glory ont ete retires de la liste. L'agropyron element tendait a reduire I'absorption de P conventional height barley cultivars to a crete de Kirk sera porte a la liste des par la plante. Cependant, lorsqu'il etait nitrogen fertilizer under varying moisture graminees fourrageres recommandees, applique a la volee avec Ie P, Ie Zn tendait a conditions. Can. J. Plant Sci. 71:361-371. pourvu qu'il y ait assez de semences . favoriser l'absorption de P. La concentration disponibles. tissulaire de Zn tendait a diminuer tant avec Legge, WG.; Leisle, D.; McVetty, P.RE.; Ie P applique en ban des qu'avec Ie P Evans, L.E. 1991. Effectiveness of two Pedologie Les etudes sur Ie terrain ont methods of early generation selection for montre que les augmentations de rendement residuel, provenant des applications de la saison precedente. L'application de P tend protein content in durum wheat. Can. J. en lin par suite d'applications de Zn e~aient Plant Sci. 71:629-640. peu frequentes et qu'elles ne pouvaient etre aussi a accroltre la capacite d'absorption du liees avec certitude a la teneur du sol en Zn Mg par la plante. Ces renseignements McMullan, P.M.; Czerkawski, D.L. 1991. devraient faciliter les recommandations ou en P. II semblerait qu'un plus grand The effect of adjuvant type and rate on the destinees aux producteurs sur la gestion besoin de Zn se fasse sentir lorsqu'un efficacy of sethoxydim and RO-17-3664. engrais phosphate est repandu en assez efficace des applications d'engrais contenant Can. J. Plant Sci. 71:881-884. du P et du Zn sur les cultures de lin. fortes concentrations a la volee ou qu'ill'est McMullan, P.M.; Nalewaja, J.D. 1991. sur des sols OU on avait deja fait des Ressources Triallate absorption and metabolism in applications massives de P. Ces resultats relationship to tolerance in wheat (Triticum aideront a faire des recommandations aux La Station de recherches de Brandon est aestivum and Triticum durum). Can. J. Plant producteurs sur la quantite d'oligo-elements l'une des cinq premieres fermes Sci. 71:1081-1088. experimentales creees par Ie gouvernement a appliquer, a eviter d'appliquer inutilement McMullan, P.M.; Nalewaja, J.D. 1991. des oligo-elements ainsi qu'a determiner federal en vertu d'une loi adoptee en 1886. Elle couvre une superficie de 708 ha a Triallate antidotes for wheat (Triticum dans quels secteurs il peut y avoir reaction aestivum). Weed Sci. 39:57-61. aux engrais. laquelle s'ajoute 585 ha loues. La station dispose de 73 annees-personnes et emploie Mir, Z.; Jan, E.Z.; Robertson, J.A; Vne etude de 4 ans sur les rotations des 18 chercheurs et autres personnes de McCartney, D.H.; Mir, P.S. 1991. Effects of cultures et les systemes de travail des sols a categorie professionnelle. ammoniation of brome-alfalfa and alfalfa perm is de constater que la resistance des En aout 1991, on a termine la hay, stored as large round bales on sols a la penetration des semis est plus preservation and feed quality. Can. J. Anim. elevee lorsqu'il n'y a pas de travail du sol et construction d'un immeuble d'une superficie 2 Sci. 71:755-765. plus faible lorsque Ie sol est travaille de la de 6 860 m . Cette nouvelle installation fa<;:onclassique. Toutefois, sous 15 cm de comprend des laboratoires de recherche, des Plett, S.; Nelson, L.A; Clegg, M.D. 1991. profondeur, les systemes de travail des sols chambres de croissance et des serres Alternative crop prospects in western n'ont plus d'effet. Les sols soumis a une commandees par ordinateur, des entrepots Nebraska. J. Prod. Agric. 4:162-166. rotation des cultures dans laquelle intervient frigorifiques a long terme, une bibliotheque, Plett, S.; Nelson, L.A; Clegg, M.D. 1991. Ie pois sont moins resistants a la penetration des salles de conference et des bureaux. Les Selecting for earliness and yield in sorghum que ceux soumis a une rotation sans employes locaux de la Direction de la at different sites. Can. J. Plant Sci. legumineuse. La concentration en N dans production et de I'inspection des aliments 71:191-194. ainsi que ceux de l'administration du l'etage intermediaire des sols travailles a la Rahnefeld, G.W; Weiss, G.M.; Fredeen, maniere classique est superieure a ce qu'elle retablissement agricole des Prairies travaillent dans cet immeuble. H.T.; et al. 1991. Reproductive efficiency of est dans les sols travailles de maniere F! and reciprocal backcross beef cows under reduite. Les rotations de cultures contrasting environments. Can. J. Anim. Sci. comprenant une etape de jachere donnent • 71:969-985. des sols a forte concentration en N entre 60 et 120 cm de profondeur, ou cet element ResearCh Publications risque d'etre lessive. Ces resultats mettent Publications de recherche en evidence les effets a long terme du travail Castell, AG.; Cliplef, RL. 1991. Evaluation de la terre et des successions des cultures sur of the 1988 NRC requirements for energy la fertilite et la qualite des sols ainsi que sur when market pigs are fed barley-based diets. les risques de contamination de l'eau Can. J. Anim. Sci. 71:557-566. souterraine par Ie nitrate. Dyck, G.W 1991. The effect of postmating Lors d'etudes sur Ie terrain, il est diet intake on embryonic and fetal survival, apparu que l'application en bandes de P and litter size in gilts. Can. J. Anim. Sci. tend a etre plus efficace que I'application a 71:675-681. la volee ou que la teneur residue lie en P 126 Brandon 1992 -.._------1 . MORDEN Research Station Station de recherches Research Branch Direction generale de la recherche Agriculture Canada Agriculture Canada Route 100 and Stephen Street Route 100 et rue Stephen P.O. Box 3001 e.p. 3001 Morden, Manitoba Morden (Manitoba) ROG lJO ROG lJO Tel. (204) 822-4471 Tel. Fax (204) 822-6841 Telecopie EM MORDRA::AG362MAIL e.E. Rfess;onal Staff R,sonnel profess;onnel Director RM.N. Kucey, Ph.D. Directeur Acting Director E.O. Kenaschuk, Ph.D. Directeur adjoint Administrative Officer H.G. Brodie Agent d'administration Computer Programmer-Analyst RG. Palmer, RSc. Programmeur -analyste Information Officer M.P. Reimer Agent d'information Field Crops Plantes de grande culture Section Head; Breeding of e.G. Campbell, Ph.D. Chef de section; amelioration du buckwheat and Lathyrus sarrasin et du Lathyrus New alternative crops EA. Kiehn, M.Sc. Nouvelles cultures de remplacement Potato management RL. Rex, RS.A. Conduite de la pomme de terre Weed science D.A. Wall, Ph.D. Malherhologie Breeding of field peas T. Warkentin, Ph.D. Amelioration des pois Diseases of field peas Re. Zimmer, Ph.D. Maladie des pois de grande culture Oilseed Crops Cultures oLeagineuses Section Head; Breeding of flax E.O. Kenaschuk, Ph.D. Chef de section; amelioration du lin Breeding of sunflowers W. Dedio, Ph.D. Amelioration du tournesol Crop management, physiology G.H. Gubbels, Ph.D. Regie des cultures, physiologie Diseases of flax and sunflowers K.Y. Rashid, Ph.D. Pathologie du lin et du tournesol Food and Horticultural Sciences Horticulture et science de ['alimentation Section Head; Food research G. Mazza, Ph.D. Chef de section; recherche sur les aliments Crop Management RR Chubey, Ph.D. Regie des cultures Breeding of ornamentals L.M. Collicutt, M.Sc. Ameliorationdes piantes ornementales Breeding of ornamentals e.G. Davidson, Ph.D. Amelioration des plantes ornementales Food research S.S. Desphande, Ph.D. Recherche sur les aliments Food research RD. Oomah, Ph.D. Recherche sur les aliments Special Crops Substation Sons-station de cultures speciales RR 3, Site 13, Compartment 17 RR 3, Lot 13, Subdivision 17 Portage la Prairie, Manitoba Portage la Prairie (Manitoba) R1N3A3 R1N3A3 Tel. (204) 857-4441 Officer in Charge G. Loeppky Agent responsable Mndate The Morden Research Station develops sunflowers, buckwheat, potatoes, and enhance the marketability of these crops, improved cultivars as well as production and alternative crops for the prairie region. develops landscape plants for the prairies, protection practices for flax, field peas, Morden also conducts food research to Morden 1992 127 and maintains germplasm of winter-hardy Food research Cow cockle seed was found name Prairie Sky. This cold-tolerant, woody ornamentals. to contain high amounts of starch with rapid-growing, disease-resistant clone is unique physical properties that may prove suited to shelterbelts, amenity planting, and Achievements useful in the cosmetics industry. A calcium- large urban green spaces. A new primo-cane Flax Significant reductions in emergence containing product was identified as an raspberry cultivar, Red River, was released and yield obtained in field tests imply that effective inhibitor of after-cooking to a grower for increase for commercial the herbicide trifluralin should not be used darkening in par-fried French fries. production. This cultivar is the first hardy in fields with a history of fusarium wilt. The Giant-hyssop was identified as a potential fall-bearing raspberry with an '~arlyenough rust resistance in the cultivar Andro was rich source of methyl chavicol, an aromatic fruiting season for the prairies. Alternatives found to be controlled by the genes L6 and compound used in perfumes and as flavor in to chemical control of aphids on the Kl, and in the cultivar Vimy by the gene L6. foods and liqueurs. Two winter-hardy, standard Tatarian honeysuckles common in Optimum treatment time for swathing and disease-resistant hybrids of Monarda that the trade were identified. application of three desiccants to flax were yield essential oils are now being licensed for Alternative crops Lathyrus was found to be defined; early swathing or desiccation commercialization by the private sector. noncompetitive with volunteer cereal grains, reduced yields, but effects on seed quality An analytical method was developed to particularly in dry years, but must be were minimal. In field and laboratory monitor levels of peroxidase enzyme in controlled to prevent yield losses in Lathyrus. studies, frost damage to immature flax variously grown horseradish roots. Tho years of research on the use of increased as temperatures fell below -2°C, Germplasm screening of 100 accessions flurtamone to control wild mustard in canola with considerable damage occurring to seed of Lathyrus indicated that tannins were demonstrated that 80% control could be and leaves at -5°C and to stems at -7°C. achieved without significant yield losses to The activity of microorganisms was associated with flower and seed coat color the crop. Flurtamone, highly I~ffectivein implicated in the deterioration processes and thus could be bred out by selecting for flower color. All the accessions contained controlling cruciferous and other annual associated with weathering of flax seed. very high levels of trypsin inhibitors. broadleaved weeds in alternative crops, is Under drought conditions, orienting sprayer not currently registered for use in Canada. nozzles 45° forward improved the efficacy of A method was developed to prepare The likelihood that flurtamone will be fluazifop-p- butyl for the control of annual protein concentrates containing only registered for use in minor crops is improved grass weeds. 10-20% of the neurotoxin present in the original seeds of lines containing high levels with the finding that this substance may also Sunflower A 2-year study of the be used for canola. performance of single and three-way crosses of neurotoxins. Fenugreek The first fenugreek in Canada showed no significant differences between High-performance liquid adapted to the Canadian prairie region has the two; however, producing hybrid seed in chromatography analysis of the cyanogenic been released to the agriculture production three-way crosses is more economical. glucosides in 10 cultivars of Canadian flax sector. Fenugreek is an annual legume that Eleven early-maturing inbred lines with a has helped scientists determine that the produces small seed used as a spice crop, in high oil content and specific or combined content of these compounds in flax seed may dyes, for the health food market, and for its genetic resistance to rust, verticillium wilt, or be reduced through selection of pharmaceutical application. It is expected to downy mildew were released to the low-cyanogenic glucoside genotypes. fill a niche in alternative crop production. sunflower seed industry. Three sunflower Potatoes Foliar application of plant growth hybrids with resistance to sclerotinia wilt regulators on Russet Burbank showed that Resources were identified in a 3-year study. Three ethephon and ethephon plus chlormequat A 5100-m2 office and laboratory building additional hybrids showed a high level of chloride decreased the incidence of tubers includes food research laboratories, cold tolerance to this disease. Several new races with hollow heart. However, their use also storage, plant-processing units, improved of the causal agent of sunflower rust were decreased specific gravity and increased the discovered in Manitoba; they are virulent on phytotron, greenhouse facilities, and a incidence of tubers with deformities. Tuber pathology containment laboratory. Local all commercial hybrids. yield and number showed positive responses agricultural inspectors from the Prairie Farm Peas Amplification of pea seed-borne to increasing rates of nitrogen on Russet Rehabilitation Administration and the Food mosaic virus in pea seed was unaffected by Burbank and Shepody potatoes. Increasing Production and Inspection Branch are location and by high aphid densities. The nitrogen lowered tuber specific gravity in located in the new building. The station most important factor appeared to be cultivar three of the six cultivars and substantially oversees the operation of the Portage la susceptibility,with Fortune and Express most reduced the incidence of hollow heart in Prairie Substation. The land base of the two susceptible to significant yield reduction. Russet Burbank potatoes. Total tuber yields units covers 286 ha. The staff comprises of Norland potatoes were reduced Peas-Lathyrus In 1990 and 1991, severe 55 person-years, including 15 professionals. significantly by clopyralid, dicamba, and outbreaks of tomato spotted wilt virus tribenuron methyl applied 2 weeks after occurred in grass pea, Lathyrus sativus L., potato emergence, at less than 16% of the • and field pea, Pisum sativum L., in current recommended rate for tolerant greenhouses at Morden. Capable of causing Mndat crops. Conestoga potatoes were unaffected a high level of ovule abortion, the virus is by ethametsulfuron methyl (Muster) 1 year La Station de recherches de Morden cree transmitted by the western flower thrips, after initial herbicide application. des cultivars ameliores et met au point des abundant throughout the greenhouse area. methodes de production et de protection des Ornamentals A new poplar clone was This is the first record of it in Manitoba and cultures de lin, de pois de grande culture, de on Lathyrus sativus as a host. released to the nursery industry under the 128 Morden 1992 tournesol, de sarrazin, de pomme de terre au Manitoba; elles sont virulentes chez tous neurotoxine presente dans la graine non ainsi que de cultures substituts pour la region les hybrides commerciaux. traitee des lignees riches en neurotoxine. des Prairies. La station fait aussi des Pois de grande culture L 'emplacement et la L'analyse par chromatographie liquide recherches sur les aliments afin d'ameliorer presence de pucerons en concentration 11 haute performance des glucosides les possibilites de commercialisation de ces elevee n'ont pas eu d'effet sur I'amplification cyanogenetiques de dix cultivars de lin cultures, cree des plantes d'ornement adaptees du virus de la mosaique hereditaire du pois. canadien a aide les scientifiques 11 trouver 11 la region des Prairies et conserve Ie plasma II semble que Ie facteur Ie plus important ait que la teneur de ces composes dans les germinatif de piantes ligneuses rustiques ete la sensibilite du cultivar; Ie Fortune et graines de lin peut etre abaissee par d'ornement. l'Express semblent etre les plus sensibles 11 selection de genotypes qui conduisent 11 la une reduction import ante du rendement. formation de glucosides peu cyanogenetiques. Realisations Pois-Lathyrus En 1990 et 1991, de graves Pomme de te"e L'application foliaire de Lin Les import antes reductions de la leve~ regulateurs de croissance sur Ie Russet et du rendement observees lors de tests sur flambees du virus de la tache bronzee de la Burbank a montre que l'ethephon et Ie terrain signifient que l'herbicide trifluraline tomate sont apparues chez la gesse cultivee, l'ethephon ajoute au chlorure de cWormequat ne devrait pas etre utilise sur des terrains ou Lathyrus sativus L., et Ie pois de grande .sont 11 I'origine d'une diminution du nombre on a enregistre la presence de la fletrissure culture, Pisum sativum L., dans des serres de de tubercules 11 creur creux. Toutefois, fusarienne. On a pu constater que la resistance la station de Morden. Susceptible d'etre 11 I'utilisation de ces produits se traduit aussi 11 la rouille du cultivar Andro etait maitrisee I'origine d'un taux eleve d'avortements des par une perte de densite des tubercules et . par les genes L6 et K1, et que celle du ovules, Ie virus est transmis par Ie thrips des par un nombre accru de tubercules qui ont cultivar Vimy I'etait par Ie gene L6. La petits fruits, qui existe en abondance partout des defauts de forme. Avec Ie Russet Burbank periode optimale d'andainage et d'application dans Ie secteur des serres. C'est la premiere et Ie Shepody, plus la concentration en azote de trois agents de dessication du lin a ete fois que sa presence est signalee au Manitoba determinee; la dessication ou I'andainage et sur Ie Lathyrus sativus comme hate. est elevee, plus Ie rendement et Ie nombre de tubercules sont eleves. Cette augmentation hiitifs avaient conduit 11 une diminution du Recherche sur les aliments On a constate rendement, mais I'effet sur la qualite des que la graine de la saponaire des vaches de la teneur en azote a abaisse la densite des graines eta it minimal. Lars d'etudes en contenait en forte teneur de I'amidon dote tubercules chez trois des six cultivars et a laboratoire et sur Ie terrain, on a constate de proprietes physiques uniques qui substantiellement reduit I'incidence des que les degats, causes par la gelee, au lin non pourraient se reveler utiles dans Ie secteur creurs creux chez Ie Russet Burbank. Le parvenu 11 maturite s'accroissaient lorsque la des cosmetiques. Un nouveau produit qui rendement total en tubercules du Norland a temperature baissait 11 -2°C; en outre, des. contient du calcium et qui a I'excellente ete reduit de fagon notable par Ie clopyralide, Ie dicamba et Ie tribenuron- methyl appliques degats considerables ont ete observes aux propriete d'inhiber Ie noircissement apres graines et aUXfeuilles 11 -5°C et aux tiges 11 cuisson des frites blanchies vient d'etre 2 semaines apres la levee de la pomme de -7°C. L'activite microbienne a ete mise en identifie. On a pu determiner que I'agastache terre et 11 moins de 16 % de la dose cause dans les procedes de deterioration qui fenouil etait une source potentielle riche de actuellement recommandee pour les recoltes sont associes 11 l'alteration de la graine du lin chavicol methyle, un compose aromatique tolerantes. Un an apres I'application initiale sur pied. En periode de secheresse, Ie fait utilise en parfumerie, dans les aliments et les de l'herbicide, la pomme de terre Conestoga d'orienter l'ajutage du pulverisateur 11 45° liqueurs. Deux hybrides rustiques, resistants ne manifeste aucun effet attribuable 11 vers l'avant a rendu plus efficace Ie 11 la maladie duMonarda, qui produisent des I'ethametsuifuron- methyl (Muster). fluazifop-p-butyle applique pour lutter huiles essentielles sont main tenant Plantes d'omement Un nouveau clone de contre les graminees annuelles adventices. homologues et peuvent etre commercialises peuplier a ete distribue chez les Toumesol Une etude de 2 ans sur la par Ie secteur prive. pepinieristes, sous l'appellation de Prairie performance de croisements simples et de On a mis au point une methode Sky. Ce clone resistant au froid, 11 croissance croisements 11 trois voies n'a pas permis analytique de verification de la rapide et resistant aux maladies peut servir d'etablir une difference importante entre les concentration de l'enzyme peroxydase de brise-vent, de plante d'ornement et de deux methodes; cependant, il est plus contenue dans la racine du raifort cultive de plante d'amenagement des grands espaces economique de produire des semences differentes fagons. verts urbains. Un nouveau cultivar unifere (non remontant) de framboisiers, Ie Red hybrides par croisement 11 trois voies. Onze Le tri effectue 11 partir du plasma lignees autofecondees 11 maturation hative, 11 River, a ete rem is 11 un planteur qui en fera germinatif de 100 obtentions de Lathyrus a la multiplication en vue de la production teneur elevee en huile et 11 resistance indique que les tan ins etaient associes 11 la specifique ou combinee 11 la rouille, 11 la commerciale. Ce cultivar est Ie premie~ couleur des fleurs et du tegument des framboisier resistant d'automne dont la fletrissure verticillienne ou au mildiou ont graines; par consequent, il est possible de les ete remises au secteur industriel de la graine periode de production est assez tot pour les eliminer par selection genetique en fonction Prairies. Des solutions de rechange 11 la lutte de tournesol. Trois hybrides de tournesol de la couleur des fleurs. Toutes les resistants 11 la fletrissure sclerotique ont ete chimique contre les pucerons sur Ie obtentions contenaient des inhibiteurs de la chevrefeuille de Tatarie de stock courant ont identifies lors d'une etude de 3 ans. Trois trypsine en tres forte concentration. autres hybrides ont demontre une grande ete determinees. tolerance 11 cette maladie. Plusieurs On a mis au point une methode pour la Cultures substituts On a observe que Ie nouvelles races de l'agent responsable de la preparation de concentres proteiniques qui Lathyrus n'etait pas concurrentiel en presence rouille chez Ie tournesol ont ete decouvertes contiennent 10 11 20 % seulement de la Morden 1992 129 de cereales spontanees, notamment lors des CM 620, CM 621, CM 622, CM 624, and Rashid, KY; Bernier, C.e. 1991. The effect annees de secheresse, mais faut lutter contre CM 625. Crop Sci. 31:1403-1404. of rust on yield of faba bean cultivars and les cereales spontanees pour empecher les Deshpande, S.S.; Damodaran, S. 1991. slow-rusting populations. Can. J. Plant Sci. chutes de rendement de Lathyrus. Denaturation behavior of phaseolin in urea, 71:967-972. Apres 2 annees de recherche sur la lutte guanidine hydrochloride and sodium Rashid, KY; Bernier, e.e.; Conner, RL. contre la moutarde sauvage dans les cultures dodecyl sulfate solutions. J. Protein Chern. 1991. Evaluation of fava bean for resistance de canola, au moyen de flurtamone, on a 10:103-115. to Ascochyta fabae and development of host decouvert qu'on pouvait obtenir un taux de Deshpande, S.S.; Singh, RK 1991. differentials for race identification. Plant succes de 80 % sans perte importante des Hemagglutinating activity of lectins in Dis. 75:852-855. recoltes. Tres efficace contre les cruciferes et selected varieties of raw and processed dry Rashid, KY.; Bernier, e.e.; Conner, RL. autres mauvaises herbes latifoliees annuelles beans. J. Food Process. Preserv. 15:81-87. 1991. Genetics of resistance in faba bean des cultures substituts, Ie flurtamone n'a pas Friesen, G.H.; Wall, D.A. 1991. Effect of inbred lines to five isolates ofAscochyta encore ete homologue pour emploi au fabae. Can. J. Plant Pathol. 13:218-225. Canada. Le fait qu'on puisse I'utiliser application factors on efficacy of egalement sur Ie canol a augmente les fluazifop-p-butyl in flax. Weed Tech. Rashid, KY.; Kenaschuk, E.O. 1991. A flax possibilites d'homologation pour emploi sur 5:504-508. rust containment research laboratory at des cultures a surface reduite. Friesen, G.H.; Wall, D.A. 1991. Residual Agriculture Canada Research Station, effects of CGA-131036 and chlorsulfuron on Morden, Manitoba. Can. J. Plant Pathol. Fenugrec La premiere lignee de fenugrec 13:93-95. au Canada adaptee a la region des Prairies spring-sown rotational crops. Weed Sci. canadiennes a ete remise au secteur de la 39:280-283. Rex, RL. 1991. The effect of in-row seed production agricole. Le fenugrec est une Gubbels, G.H.; Ali-Khan, S.T. 1991. Effect piece spacing and harvest date on the tuber legumineuse annuelle a petites graines qui of seed quality on cooking quality and yield yield and processing quality of Conestoga sert d'epice, qui est utilisee dans des of a subsequent crop of field pea. Can. J. potatoes in southern Manitoba. Can. J. Plant colorants, qu'on retrouve dans les magasins Plant Sci. 71:857-859. Sci. 71:289-296. d'aliments naturels et qui a des applications Gubbels, G.H.; Campbell, e.G.; Zimmer, Rotter, RG.; Marquardt, RR.; Campbell, pharmaceutiques. On s'attend a ce qu'i! R.e. 1990. Interaction of cultivar, seeding e.G. 1991. The nutritional value of low trouve sa place dans la production de date and downy mildew infection on various lathyrogenic lathyrus (Lathyrus sativus) for cultures substituts. agronomic characteristics of buckwheat. growing chicks. Br. Poultry Sci. 32:1055-1067. Ressources Can. J. Plant Sci. 70:949-954. Gulya, T.J.; Sackston, W.E.; Viranyi, E; Velioglu, Y.S.; Mazza, G. 1991. Un immeuble moderne de 5 100 m210ge les Characterization of flavonoids in petals of laboratoires de recherches sur les aliments, Masirevic, S.; Rashid, KY. 1991.New Races of the sunflower downy mildew (Plasmopara Rosa damascena by HPLC and spectral des locaux refrigeres, des unites de traitement analysis. J. Agric. Food Chern. 39:463-467. des vegetaux, un phytotron ameliore, des halstedii) in Europe and North and South serres ainsi qu'une salle blanche pour la America. J. Phytopathol. 132:303-311. Wall, D.A.; Friesen, G.H. 1991. detection des maladies. Les inspecteurs Jadhav, S.J.; Mazza, G.; Salunkhe, D.K Effectiveness of selective herbicides for the locaux de la production et de l'inspection des 1991. Terpenoid phytoalexins in potatoes. control of annual weed species in lathyrus aliments ainsi que de l'administration du Food Chern. 41:195-217. (Lathyrus sativus L.) Crop Prot. 10:496-500. retablissement agricole des Prairies ont leurs Lynch, DR; ...; Rex, B. 1991. Niska: A Wall, D.A.; Friesen, G.H., Bhati, T.K 1991. bureaux dans Ie nouvel immeuble. La station maincrop chipping potato cultivar with high Wild mustard interference in traditional and supervise Ie fonctionnement de la specific gravity and good quality after semi-leafless field peas. Can. J. Plant Sci. Sous-station de Portage la Prairie. La storage. Amer. Potato J. 68:143-159. 71:473-480. superficie des deux entites totalise 286 ha. Wall, D.A.; Hall, J.e.; Morrison, LN. 1991. On dispose en tout de 55 annees-personnes, Mazza, G.; Jayas, D.S. 1991. Equilibrium moisture characteristics of sunflower seeds, Uptake, translocation and fate of 2,4-D and et parmi les employes, 15 personnes sont de chlorsulfurn in Silene vulgaris (Moench) la categorie professionnelle. hulls and kernels. Trans. ASAE (Am. Soc. Agric. Eng.) 34:534-538 . Garcke. Weed Res. 31:81-88. • Mazza, G.; Velioglu, YS. 1991. Anthocyanins and other phenolic Research Publications compounds in fruit of red-flesh apples. Food Publications de recherche Chern. 43:113-117. Ali-Khan, S.T.; Zimmer, R.e.1990. Mazza, G.; Qi, H. 1991. Control of Yellowhead field pea. Can. J. Plant. Sci. after-cooking darkening in potatoes with 70:1153-1154. edible film-forming products and calcium Ali-Khan, S.T. 1991. Topper field pea. Can. chloride. J. Agric. Food Chern. J. Plant Sci. 71:189-190. 39:2163-2167. Dedio, w.; Rashid, KY. 1991. Registration Rashid, KY. 1991. Evaluation of of sunflower parental lines CM 612, CM components of partial resistance to rust in 614, CM 615, CM 616, CM 617, CM 619, flax. Can. J. Plant Pathol. 13:212-217. 130 Morden 1992 WINNIPEG Research Station Station de recherches Research Branch Direction generale de la recherche Agriculture Canada Agriculture Canada 195 Dafoe Road 195, chemin Dafoe Winnipeg, Manitoba Winnipeg (Manitoba) R3T2M9 R3T2M9 Tel. (204) 983-5533 Tel. Fax (204) 983-4604 Telecopie EM OTTB::EM364MAIL C.E. RfeSSional Staff R,sonnel professionnel Director J.B. Bole, Ph.D. Directeur Administrative Officer WB. Atkinson, B.A. Agent d'administration Scientific Support Soutien scientifique Computer Systems Manager J.R Anderson, B.Sc. Gestionnaire des systemes informatiques Librarian (seconded in) oM.Malyk, M.L.S. Bibliothecaire (detachee) Statistician S.M. Woods, Ph.D. Statisticien Genetics and Breeding Amelioration genetique Section Head; Common wheat T.P.Townley-Smith, Ph.D. Chef de section; amelioration du ble breeding ordinaire Wheat cytogenetics T. Aung, Ph.D. Cytogenetique du ble Oat breeding P.D. Brown, Ph.D. Amelioration de I'avoine Common wheat breeding E.M. Czarnecki, M.Sc. Amelioration du ble ordinaire Wheat genetics P.L. Dyck, Ph.D. Genetique du ble Durum wheat breeding D. Leisle, Ph.D. Amelioration du ble dur Canada Prairie Spring wheat RI.H. McKenzie, Ph.D. Amelioration du ble de printemps canadien breeding des Prairies Cereal quality J.S. Noll, Ph.D. Qualite des cere ales Cereal Diseases Maladies des cereales Section Head; Cereal rust D.E. Harder, Ph.D. Chef de section; rouille de la tige de I'avoine Oat crown rust J. Chong, Ph.D. Rouille couronnee de l'avoine Leaf diseases J. Gilbert, Ph.D. Maladies foliaires Cereal viruses and biotechnology S.M. Haber, Ph.D. Virus et biotechnologie des cereales Wheat leaf rust J.A. Kolmer, Ph.D. Rouille des feuilles du ble Leaf diseases A. Tekauz, Ph.D. Maladies foliaires Microbial genetics-barley smuts P.L. Thomas, Ph.D. Genetique microbienne-charbons de l'orge Chemistry and Biotechnology Chimie et biotechnologie Section Head; Biochemistry and toxicology RP. Bodnaryk, Ph.D. Chef de section; biochimie et toxicologie Molecular biology-cereal quality and N.K. Howes, Ph.D. Biologie moleculaire-qualite et maladies diseases des cereales Molecular biology-cereal diseases WK. Kim, Ph.D. Biologie moleculaire-maladies des and biotechnology cereales et biotechnologie Cereal chemistry--durum wheat M.I.P. Kovacs, Ph.D. Chimie des cereales-ble dur Cereal chemistry-common wheat O.M. Lukow, Ph.D. Chimie des cereales-ble ordinaire Cereal molecular cytogenetics G.A. Penner, Ph.D. Cytogenetique moleculaire des cere ales Cereal molecular genetics J.D. Procunier, Ph.D Cytogenetique moleculaire des cere ales Ecology of Field and Stored-Product Ecologie des insectes nuisibles aux grandes Pests cultures et aux produits entreposes Section Head; Biology and control N.D.G. White, Ph.D. Chef de section; biologie et maitrise des of stored-product insects insectes des produits conserves Mycotoxicology and analytical chemistry D. Abramson, Ph.D. Mycotoxicologie et chimie analytique Winnipeg 1992 131 Biology and control of stored-grain P.S. Barker, Ph.D. Biologie et lutte contre les acariens des pests grains entreposes Postharvest insect physiology P. Fields, Ph.D. Physiologie des insectes des produits recoltes Histology, physiology, and behavior G.H. Gerber, Ph.D. histologie, physiologie et comportement Systems biology-oilseeds R.J. Lamb, Ph.D. Biologie des systemes-oleagineux Development and control of J.T. Mills, Ph.D. Apparition des moisissures des produits storage molds entreposes et lutte antiparasitaire Insect-host interactions P.Pachagounder, Ph.D. Relations insectes-plantes Ecology of granary insects, R.N. Sinha, Ph.D. Ecologie des insectes, des acariens et mites, and fungi des champignons des entrep6ts de grain Ecology and population dynamics W.J. Turnock,Ph.D. Ecologie et dynamique des populations Pesticide evaluation I. Wise, M.Sc. Evaluation des pesticides Mndate The Winnipeg Research Station develops incorporate similar enhanced resistance to Manitoba in 1991, the highest proportion superior wheat and oat cultivars for the leaf rust and should give producers in the recorded to date. Fortunately, mycotoxin Canadian prairies. Plant pathology, cereal eastern prairies additional cultivars that levels in the harvested grain were not a chemistry, and biotechnology programs combine high quality with yield stability. concern. Resistance to FHB has been provide research support to Winnipeg and to A genetic study of leaf rust resistance identified in several wheat lines of Chinese other stations in western Canada that have showed that Roblin has genes Lr1, Lr10, origin and is currently being incorporated cereal-breeding programs. The station also LrB, and Lr14, whereas Pasqua has Lrll, into hard red spring, Canada Prairie Spring, develops improved methods to Lr14b, Lr30, and Lr34. This finding and durum wheats. • control insect pests of oilseed and field confirms that the two new cultivars differ in Surveys for leaf spot diseases in wheat crops their basis of resistance, thus providing indicated greater severity in Manitoba in • maintain the quality and safety of stored diversity to protect the wheat crop against 1991 because of above-normal levels of rain. grain and grain products. losses from leaf rust. In contrast to tan spot, found in 50% of In addition, the station provides Quality evaluation of near-isogenic fields, the incidence of leaf blotch rose to regional disease and quality screening for lines in Canada Prairie Spring wheat indicate 60%, reflecting an increase over the past 3 cereal-breeding programs in western that lines with a rye chromosome years. Incorporating resistance and tolerance to Septoria has now been initiated. Canada. translocation are significantly higher in protein but have weaker dough properties. Other cereals A hull-less oat, OT258, Achievements A molecular probe has been developed to yielding 10% higher than comparable check Wheat The hard red spring wheat line quickly identify the presence of the rye varieties, was supported for registration. It is BW148 was recently supported for translocation, allowing wheat breeders to well adapted to all of western Canada. As a registration. This line has short straw, screen populations at an early stage. hull-less oat, OT258 will offer alternative excellent resistance to preharvest sprouting, Two genes for smut resistance in market opportunities. OT258 is resistant to good disease resistance, and a maturity hexaploid wheat have been located, using the prevalent stem rust race:s,to loose and similar to that of Katepwa. It offers an chromosome-specific antibodies: one on covered smut, and to the crown rust races improved alternative to the sprouting chromosome 6A, conferring resistance to avirulent to the combined resistence of resistant cultivar Columbus for Manitoba race T19, the other on chromosome 6D, PC38 and PC39. production. Support was obtained for conferring hypersensitive resistance to race Oat seed protein markers linked to oat registration in eastern Canada of BW90, a T6. These genes are being used for stem rust resistance genes 1'g9 and Pg13 and hard red spring wheat line with very good pyramiding durable smut resistance in crown rust resistance gene Pc68 have been agronomic performance and good quality. wheat-breeding programs. identified. These markers, in combination This line was not registered in western with appropriate stem and crown rust races, Canada because of problems in Flame chlorosis (FC), a new disease of cereals, was first discovered on barley in will be used in oat-breeding programs to distinguishing kernels visually. western Manitoba in 1985. The disease incorporate additional crown and stem rust The severe leaf rust epidemic in 1991 in became much more prevalent in wheat in resistance genes into current well-adapted Manitoba and eastern Saskatchewan clearly western Manitoba in 1991. Higher FC levels cultivars for durable resistance. demonstrated the value of the improved in wheat would raise the threat posed by this Biotechnology Over-production of specific genetic resistance previously incorporated disease to cereal grain cultivation in wheat endosperm proteins was found to be into the cultivars Columbus and Roblin. Manitoba. FC was also positively identified associated with increased dough-mixing These performed considerably better in farm for the first time in green foxtail, raising an strength. Restricted fragment length fields than Biggar, Katepwa, and Neepawa, additional concern that grassy weeds might polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of wheat which were heavily infected by Puccinia constitute reservoirs of inoculum. cultivars that over-produce high molecular recondita f. sp. Rob ex Desm. tritici. The Fusarium head blight (FHB) was found weight glutenin subunit 7 identified two newest Winnipeg hard red spring wheat in 75% of 192wheat fields surveyed in molecular mechanisms: gene duplication and cultivars, Pasqua, AC Minto, and BW148 132 Winnipeg 1992 transcriptional-translocationalmodification. program to reduce canol a producers' variables during insect population growth. Both subunit 7 genes are being exploited in reliance on insecticides. The wax layer on This information provides basic data to the wheat-breeding programs, where leaves of crop brassicas provides significant develop expert systems that are expected to increased dough strength is required in new but incomplete resistance to flea beetles. It improve the management of stored-grain cultivars. may be possible to enhance the resistance of ecosystems. To evaluate durum wheat quality, the oilseed rapes and other brassicas to flea A farm and elevator survey was relationship between the sodium dodecyl beetles in an environmentally and conducted in southern Ontario in sulfate sedimentation test (ST), cooked agronomically benign way by altering the collaboration with the Ontario Grain and gluten viscoelasticity (CGV), and mixing amount, type, or physical structure of leaf Feed Dealers Association to determine development time (MDT) and the effect of surface waxes through conventional problems associated with storage of grain. high molecular weight glutenin subunits breeding methods or genetic engineering. The survey results and recommendations (HMWGS) on these tests was studied. The The potato aphid was demonstrated to were published. results showed that ST and CGV measure be an economically important pest of flax in A 60-week, Manitoba farm grain independent quality parameters and that western Canada, its damage often resulting storage study revealed that HY-320 wheat most variation in ST can be attributed to in losses of 10-30% under experimental and was less likely than other wheat cultivars to HMWGStype. commercial conditions. A pest management act as a substrate for the production of the The DNA sequence of the 3' end ofthe program has been devised that minimizes fungal mycotoxin ochratoxin A. This 26S rDNA is known to be variable among yield losses and insecticide applications suggests the Canada Prairie Spring class of fungal species, yet the sequence among the through the use of economic thresholds that wheat should have few problems with three races of wheat stem rust, C1(17), are specific to growth stage. ochratoxin A contamination. C17(56), and C36(48) was the same, which Product storage Mineral oil or canola oil indicates that the heterogeneity sequence used at dust-suppressant levels on stored Resources strictly resided in the IGR-I. The wheat at 200-600 ppm had virtually no The research station, which houses offices, heterogeneity DNA marker and the DNA effect on the moisture content, seed laboratories, greenhouses, and environment sequence will be used to determine the germination, microflora, insecticide chambers, is situated on the Fort Garry genotype of barley stem rust, race C83 degradation, or insect infestation for 1 year. campus of the University of Manitoba. Field (QCC), an important pathogen for barley Free fatty acid levels were elevated in wheat research is carried out at a 103-ha field cultivars. Heterogeneity was demonstrated treated with canola oil because of relatively station at Glenlea, 12km south of Winnipeg. by southern blot analysis of native DNA and high initial levels in the oil. Dry wheat The field operations at this facility operate resulted from a variable number of 0.1 kb treated with edible oils at recommended only during the summer, but grain storage subrepeat in IGR-'I. This is the first report rates can be stored safely at 2.5-40°C for bins located there are used throughout the of subrepeat units in rust fungi. In the course 1 year. year for research on stored grain pests. of this investigation, the 5S RNA gene was Pheromone trapping of a potentially The staff comprises 100 person-years, located, and its position and orientation serious, recently introduced stored-grain including 33 professionals. within the ribosomal DNA repeat unit were beetle, the lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha established. This is the first report of the dominica (Fabricius), was conducted in location of this gene in rust fungi. Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and Alberta. • Two new monoclonal antibodies Large numbers of insects were detected in Mndat (MAbs), one specific for durum low the Red River Valley, some in southern molecular weight gluten ins and the other for Alberta, and only a few in Saskatchewan. La Station de recherches de Winnipeg cree high molecular weight glutenin subunit 20, Traps placed at the terminal elevators in des cultivars de ble et d'avoine de qualite show promise in identifying superior Vancouver and Thunder Bay caught a few superieure, adaptes 11 la region est des Prairies. Les programmes dans les domaines pasta-making quality among durums that insects. R. dominica was found in grain on contain high gluten strength gliadin 45. four occasions in southern Manitoba. de la phytopathologie, de la chimie des Application of these MAbs to the durum Overwintering data in 13 bins on farms in cereales et de la biotechnologie servent breeding programs is being investigated. southern Manitoba showed that some d'appui 11 la recherche qui se fait en amelioration des cereales 11 Winnipeg et The presence of glutenin subunit 20 in beetles survived until February, but none survived the entire winter. The large number dans les autres stations de I'Ouest canadien. durum wheat resulted in significantly lower L'equipe de la station examine egalement of R. dominica in a few locations and in low SDS-sedimentation value compared with des fagons de realiser les objectifs suivants : subunits 6 and 8. Other measures of gluten numbers in many places in Canada indicates a definite threat to stored grain. • lutter contre les insectes ravageurs des strength, however, were not affected, oleagineux et des plantes de grande indicating that the sedimentation test and The energy and quality loss potential of culture rheological tests are measuring different stored wheat infested by Canada's most • ameJiorer les methodes d'entreposage des components of quality. important stored grain insect, the rusty grain cere ales et des produits cerealiers. Oilseeds Resistance to flea beetle damage beetle, Cryptolestes fenugineus (Stephens), was found to be an inherited trait in inbred was determined in controlled bulk grain De plus, la station offre un service lines of canola. This discovery demonstrates experiments. A simulation model was regional de diagnostic des maladies et that the nonpreference mode of resistance created that accurately predicted the d'evaluation de la qualite 11 l'intention des can be used in a conventional breeding number of insect life stages and bioenergetic Winnipeg 1992 133 programmes d'amelioration des cereales de proprietes mecaniques des pates sont plus adaptee a toute la region ouest du Canada, l'ouest du Canada. faibles. Vne sonde moleculaire a ete et elle offrira d'autres creneaux construite afin de reperer rapidement la commerciaux. La OT258 est resistante aux Realisations presence de la translocation du seigle; les races courantes de rouille de la tige, au Ble Dernierement, on a fourni les donnees selectionneurs de ble peuvent donc depister charbon nu et au charbon couvert ainsi necessaires en vue de I'enregistrement de la les populations a un stade precoce. qu'aux races de rouille couronnee lignee BW148 du ble dur roux de printemps. Des anticorps specifiques au avirulentes pour la combinaison de Cette lignee est caracterisee par une paille chromosome ant permis de localiser deux resistance PC38 et PC39. courte, une excellente resistance a la genes de resistance au charbon chez Ie ble Des marqueurs de proteines de graines germination prematuree, une bonne hexaploide; un des genes se trouve sur Ie d'avoine lies aux genes Pg9 et Pg13 de resistance a la maladie et une maturite chromosome 6A conferant une resistance a resistance a la rouille de la tigl~et au gene similaire au cultivar Katepwa. la race T19, I'autre, sur Ie chromosome 6D, Pc68 de resistance a la rouille (;Quronnee ant Comparativement au cultivar Columbus conferant a la race T6 une resistance a ete identifies. Ces derniers, associes aux resistant a la germination prematuree, il I'hypersensibilite. Ces genes sont utilises races appropriees de rouille de la tige et de s'agit d'un cultivar ameliore pour la pour echafauder une resistance durable au rouille couronnee, seront utilises dans Ie production au Manitoba. On a obtenu des charbon dans Ie cadre de programmes cadre de programmes d'amelioration de donnees pour l'enregistrement dans l'est du d'amelioration du ble. l'avoine afin d'incorporer, d'autres genes de Canada de la lignee BW90, lignee de ble dur La chlorose panachee (CP), nouvelle resistance a la rouille couronnee et a la roux de printemps de bonne qualite et dotee rouille de la tige, dans des cultivars courants d'un tres bon rendement agronomique. Elle maladie des cereales, d'abord observee dans I'orge de l'ouest du Manitoba, en 1985, s'est bien adaptes en vue d'obtenir une resistance n'a pas ete enregistree dans l'ouest du durable. Canada en raison de la caracterisation repandue largement dans Ie ble de I'ouest du difficile du grain par simple observation Manitoba, en 1991. Vne plus grande Biotechnologie On a constate qu'une visuelle. incidence de cette maladie chez Ie ble surproduction de proteines specifiques de constituerait une menace plus import ante l'albumen du ble etait associe:ea une force La tres grave flambee de rouille des pour la culture des cereales au Manitoba. Le mecanique accrue des pates. L'analyse par feuilles survenue en 1991, au Manitoba et CP a egalement ete identifie pour la la technique RFLP (polymorphisme des dans I'est de la Saskatchewan, a bien montre premiere fois chez la setaire verte, d'ou sites de restriction) des cultivars de ble, qui la valeur de la resistance genetique l'inquietude selon laquelle les mauvaises produisent en grande quantite la sous-unite amelioree, incorporee precedemment dans herbes graminees pourraient constituer des 7 de la glutenine de poids moleculaire eleve, les cultivars Columbus et Roblin. Le reservoirs de I'inoculum. a permis de degager deux mc::canismes rendement au champ de ces derniers a ete La bnllure de l'epi a ete observee dans moleculaires : la duplication genique et la beaucoup plus eleve que celui des cultivars modification par transcription et Biggar, Katepwa et Neepawa qui ont ete 75 % des 192 champs de ble etudies au Manitoba, en 1991; il s'agissait de la plus translocation. La sous-unite 7 des deux fortement contamines par Ie Puccinia genes est utilisee dans les programmes recondita f. sp. Rob ex Desm. tritici. Les forte proportion enregistree jusqu'a main tenant. Heureusement, les teneurs en d'amelioration du ble lorsque la force de la nouveaux cultivars de ble dur roux de pate des nouveaux cultivars doit etre accrue. printemps, tous origin aires de Winnipeg, mycotoxine dans Ie grain recolte ne Pasqua, AC Minto et BW148, incorporent presentaient pas une source de Min d'evaluer la qualiti: du ble dur, on une resistance amelioree similaire a la preoccupation. La resistance a la bnll.ure de a etudie Ie rapport entre Ie test de rouille des feuilles et devraient fournir aux l'epi a ete relevee dans plusieurs lignees de sedimentation au dodecyl sulfate de sodium producteurs de la zone est des Prairies un ble d'origine chinoise et elle est (SDS), la viscoelasticite du gluten cuit, la meilleur choix de cultivars qui associent une actuellement incorporee dans Ie ble dur roux periode de developpement (:1. l'effet des qualite superieure a la stabilite du de printemps, Ie ble de printemps des sous-unites de glutenine de poids rendement. Prairies canadiennes et Ie ble dur. moleculaire eleve sur ces tests. Les resultats D'apres des etudes sur la tache des ant montre que Ie test de sedimentation et la Vne etude genetique de la resistance a viscoelasticite du gluten cuit mesurent des la rouille des feuilles a montre que Roblin feuilles chez Ie ble, une accumulation de pluie superieure a la normale a aggrave la parametres qualitatifs independants, et que possede les genes Lr1, Lr10, Lr13 et Lr14, la plus grande partie de la variation au tandis que Ie Pasqua possede les genes Lrll, maladie au Manitoba, en 1991. Par comparaison a la tache helminthosporienne, niveau de la sedimentation peut etre Lr14b, Lr30 et Lr34. Les elements de base attribuee au type de sous-unite de glutenine de la resistance de ces deux nouveaux observee dans la moitie des champs, la frequence du brunissement foliaire a atteint de poids moleculaire eleve. cultivars sonI. donc differents, ce qui offre la diversite permettant de proteger la culture 60 %, ce qui represente une augmentation nest reconnu que la si:quence de I'extremite 3' de I'ADN ribosomique de ble contre les pertes causees par la rouille au cours des 3 dernieres annees. des feuilles. L'incorporation de la resistance-tolerance (ADNr) 26S varie chez les especes au Septoria est main tenant en cours. fongiques, pourtant la sequence chez les L'evaluation qualitative de lignees trois races de rouille de la tige chez Ie ble, quasi isogeniques de ble de printemps des Autres cereales Des donnees sur une avoine nue, OT258, qui a un rendement superieur C1(17), C17(56) et C36(48), est la meme, ce Prairies canadiennes montre que des lignees qui indique que la sequence responsable de porte uses d'une translocation d'un de 10 % a celui de varietes temoins comparables, ont ete fournies a des fins l'heterogeneite se trouvait uniquement dans chromosome de seigle ant une teneur Ie IGR-1. Le marqueur de I'heterogeneite beaucoup plus elevee en proteine, mais les d'enregistrement. Cette variete est bien 134 Winnipeg 1992 de I'ADN et la sequence de I'ADN seront ses dommages entrainant souvent des pertes des populations d'insectes. Cette utilises pour etablir Ie genotype de la race de 10 a 30 % dans des conditions information offre des donnees C83 (QCC) de la rouille de la tige chez experimentales et commerciales. Un fonda mentales pour developper des I'orge, organisme pathogene important des. programme de lutte an~iparasitaire a ete systemes-experts qui permettront une cultivars d'orge. L 'h€terogeneite, attribuable conc;u afin de reduire les pertes de meilleure gestion des ecosystemes de grains au nombre variable de sous-sequences de rendement et les applications d'insecticides entreposes. 0,1 kilobase (kb) dans IGR-1, a ete mise en grace a des seuils economiques Une enquete sur les exploitations evidence par Ie transfert de Southern d'intervention appropries au stade de agricoles et les silos a ete menee dans Ie sud portant sur I'ADN nat if. C'est la premiere developpement. de l'Ontario en collaboration avec I'Ontario fois que I'on signale des sous-sequences chez Entreposage L 'huile minerale ou I'huile de Grain and Feed Dealers Association afin de la rouille. Au cours de I'etude, Ie gene canol a appliquee comme depoussierant a definir les problemes associes a produisant I'ARN 5S a ete localise; sa raison de 200 a 600 ppm sur Ie ble entrepose I'entreposage des grains. Les resultats et les position de meme que son orientation dans n'avait pratiquement aucun effet sur recommandations sont publies. la sequence de I'ADN ribosomique ont ete I'humidite, la germination des graines, la determinees. C'est la premiere fois que I'on Une etude de 60 semaines portant sur microflore, la degradation des insecticides I'entreposage des grains dans des exploitations signale I'emplacement de ce gene chez la ou I'infestation par des insectes pendant rouille. agricoles du Manitoba a revele que Ie ble 1 an. La teneur en acides gras libres €tait HY -320 etait moins susceptible que les Deux nouveaux anticorps monoclonaux elevee chez Ie ble traite a I'huile de canola a autres cultivars de ble a servir de substrat (AcM), un specifique des glutenines de cause de la teneur initiale relativement pour la production d'ochratoxine A, faible poids moleculaire du ble dur et I'autre elevee dans I'huile. Le ble seche traite avec mycotoxine fongique. II semble donc que la de la sous-unite 20 de la glutenine de poids des huiles comestibles, selon les taux contamination par I'ochratoxine A devrait moleculaire eleve, sont prometteurs pour recommandes, pourra etre entrepose sans poser peu de problemes a la categorie de ble I'identification des bles de qualite superieure danger entre 2,5 et 40°C pendant 1 an. de printemps des Prairies canadiennes. pour la fabrication de pates parmi les bles La capture du capucin des graines durs contenant de la gliadine 45 a forte Rhyzopertha dominica (Fabricius), insecte Ressources teneur en gluten. L'application de ces AcM assez nuisible introduit recemment et Les bureaux, les laboratoires, les serres et les dans Ie cadre de programmes d'amelioration s'attaquant aux cere ales entreposees, a ete phytotrons de la station de recherches sont du ble dur est a I'etude. realisee au Manitoba, en Saskatchewan et en situes sur Ie campus Fort Garry de La presence d'une sous-unite 20 de la Alberta au moyen de pieges a pheromones. I'Universite du Manitoba. La recherche en glutenine chez Ie ble dur s'est traduite par Un grand nombre d'insectes ont ete reperes plein champ est effectuee sur un terrain un indice de sedimentation (SDS) beaucoup dans la vallee de la riviere Red, un certain d'une superficie de 103 ha, a 12 km au sud plus faible comparativement aux sous-unites nombre dans Ie sud de I'Alberta et de Winnipeg, a Glenlea. Les travaux qui s'y 6 et 8. Toutefois, d'autres mesures de la seulement quelques-uns en Saskatchewan. deroulent n'ont lieu que l'ete, mais les silos force du gluten n'ont pas ete touchees, ce Des pieges places dans les silos terminus de d'entreposage y sont utilises toute I'annee qui montre que I'epreuve de sedimentation Vancouver et de Thunder Bay ont permis de pour la recherche sur les parasites des grains et les essais rheologiques evaluent des capturer quelques insectes. Dans Ie sud du entreposes. elements qualitatifs differents. Manitoba, Ie R. 'dominica a ete intercepte a La station dispose de 100 annees- quatre reprises dans des cereales. D'apres OLeagineux La resistance aux dommages personnes et emploie 33 professionnels. causes par les puces terrestres est un les donnees hiemales concernant 13 bacs caractere hereditaire chez les lignees dans des fermes du sud du Manitoba, naturelles de canola. Cette decouverte certains coleopteres ont survecu jusqu'en • montre que la nonpreference (mecanisme de fevrier, mais aucun jusqu'a la fin de I'hiver. La presence d'un grand nombre de ResearCh Publications resistance) peut etre utilisee par les Publications de recherche producteurs de canol a dans Ie cadre d'un R. dominica a quelques endroits et d'un petit Alagusundaram, K.; Jayas, D.S.; Muir, W.E.; programme d'amelioration classique et ainsi nombre a de nombreux endroits au Canada White, N.D.G. 1991. Thermal conductivity reduire Ie recours aux insecticides. La montre que cet insecteest reellement une of bulk barley, lentils, and peas. Trans. Am. couche de cire sur les feuilles de cruciferes menace pour les grains entreposes. Soc. Agric. Eng. 34:1784-1788. cultivees offre une resistance importante, La possibilite de perte d'energie et de mais incomplete, aux puces terrestres. On reduction de la qualite du ble entrepose Aucoin, R.R.; Fields, P.G.; Lewis, M.A.; peut accroitre la resistance du colza et contamine par Ie cucujide roux, Cryptolestes Philogene, B.J.R.; Amason, J.T. 1990. The d'autres cruciferes aux puces terrestres d'une ferrugineus (Stephens), Ie plus important protective effect of antioxidants to a fac;on ecologique et agronomique en insecte ravageur de grains entreposes au photo toxin-sensitive insect herbivore, modifiant la quantite, Ie type ou la structure Canada, ont ete etablies par des experiences Manduca sexta. J. Chern. Ecology physique de la couche de cire des surfaces contr61ees sur les grains en vrac. On a 16:2913-2924. foliaires par des methodes d'amelioration elabore un modele qui permet de prevoir Aung, T.; Walton, P.D. 1990. Cytological classiques ou de genie genetique. avec precision Ie nombre de stades de behaviour of the reciprocal hybrids between On a demontre que Ie puceron de la developpement de I'insecte et les variables Elymus trachycaulus X E. canadensis. pomme de terre etait un ravageur du lin bioenerg€tiques au cours de la croissance Genome 33:1-7. d'interet economique dans I'ouest canadien, Winnipeg 1992 135 Barker, P.S. 1991. Bionomics of Cheyletus Kolmer, J.A. 1991. Evolution of distinct Newcombe, G.; Thomas, P.L. 1991. eruditus (Schrank) (Acarina: Cheyletidae), populations of Puccinia recondita f. sp. tritici Incidence of carboxin resistance in Ustilago a predator of Lepidoglyphus destructor in Canada. Phytopathology 81:316-322. nuda. Phytopathology 81:247-250. (Schrank) (Acarina: Glycyphagidae) at three Kolmer, J.A. 1991. Phenotypic diversity in Rameshbabu, M.; Jayas, D.S.; White, constant temperatures. Can. J. Zoo!. two populations of Puccinia recondita f. sp. N.D.G. 1990. Design and fabrication of a 69:2321-2325. tritici in Canada during 1931-1987. controlled atmosphere unit for laboratory Barker, P.S. 1991. First records of phoretic Phytopathology 81:311-315. studies on control of stored product pests. J. behaviour of Tarsonemus ascitus delfinado Kolmer, J.A.; Dyck, P.L.; Roelfs, A.P. 1991. Appl. Zool. Res. 1:1-12. (Acarina: tarsonemidae) on grain-inhabiting An appraisal of stem and leaf rust resistance Rameshbabu, M.; Jayas, D.S.; White, beetles and its spatial distribution on in North American hard red spring wheats N.D.G. 1991. Mortality of Cryptolestes Cartodere constricta (Gyllenhal) (Coleoptera: and probability of multiple mutations to ferrugineus (Stephens) adults and eggs in Lathridiidae). Can. Entomol. 123:1077-1081. virulence in populations of cereal rust fungi. elevated carbon dioxide and depleted Barker, P.S.;Fields, P.G.; Amason, J.T.; et al. Phytopathology 81:237-239. oxygen atmospheres. J. Stored Prod. Res. 1991. Phototoxic insecticides and natural Lamb, R.J. 1992. Developmental rate of 27:165-170. plant defences. Can. Entomo!. 159:29-38. Acyrthosiphon pisum (Homoptera: Aphididae) Sinha, R.N.; Muir, WE.; Sanderson, D.B.; Gerber, G.H.; Bodnaryk, R.P.; Walkof, J. at low temperatures: implications for Tuma, D. 1991. Ventilation of bin-stored 1991. Effects of elevated, sublethal estimating the rate parameters for insects. wheat for quality preservation. Can. Agric. temperatures during pupal-adult Environ. Entomo!. 21:10-19. Eng. 33:55-65. development of male bertha armyworm, Legge, WG.; Leisle, D.; McVetty, P.B.E.; Smith, L.B.; Barker, P.S. 1991. Effect of Mamestra configurata Walker (Lepidoptera, Evans, L.E. 1991. Effectiveness of two temperature on the development Noctuidae), on fertility, mating, and egg methods of early generation selection for oviposition, and mortality of Tribolium laying. Invertebr. Reprod. Dev. 19:213-224. protein content in durum wheat. Can. J. audax Halstead and Tribolium madens Haber, S.; Barr, D.J.S.; Platford, R.G. 1991. Plant Sci. 71:629-640. (Charpentier) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Observations on the distribution of flame Lukow, a.M. 1991. Screening of bread Can. J. Zoo!. 69:1189-1193. chlorosis in Manitoba and its association wheats for milling and baking quality-a Turnock, WJ.; Bodnaryk, R.I~ 1991 Latent with certain zoosporic fungi and the intense Canadian perspective. Cereal Foods World cold injury and its conditional expression in cultivation of cereals. Can. J. Plant Pathol. 36:497-501. the bertha armyworm, Mamestra configurata 13(3):241-246. Lukow, a.M.; McVetty, P.B.E. 1991. Effect (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera). Cryo Lett. Harder, D.E. 1990. Incidence and virulence of cultivar and environment on quality 12:377-384. of Puccinia graminis f. sp. avenae in Canada characteristics of spring wheat. Cereal White, N.D.G.; Arbogast, R.T.; Fields, P.G.; in 1989. Can. J. Plant Pathol. 12:424-427. Chemistry 68(6):597-601. et al. 1990. The development and use of Harder, D.E.; Dunsmore, K.M. 1990. McLeod, J.G.; Townley-Smith, T.E; pitfall and probe traps for capturing insects Incidence and virulence of Puccinia graminis DePauw, R.M.; et al. 1990. Frank spring in stored grain. 1. Kansas Entomol. Soc. on wheat and barley in 1989. Can. J. Plant triticale. Can. J. Plant Sci. 70:1155-1157. 63:506-525. Patho!' 12:436-438. McLeod, J.G.; Townley-Smith, T.E; White, N.D.G.; Jayas, D.S. 1991. Control of Kang, Z.; Rohringer, R.; Chong, J.; Haber, DePauw, R.M.; et al. 1991. Registration of insects and mites with carbon dioxide in S. 1991. Microwave fixation of rust-infected DT367 high-yielding durum wheat wheat stored at cool temperatures in wheat leaves. Preservation of fine structure germplasm. Crop Sci. 31:1394. non-airtight bins. J. Econ. Entomol. and detection of cell surface antigens, 84:1933-1942. McLeod, J.G.; Townley-Smith, T.E; lectin-, and sugar-binding sites. Protoplasma White, N.D.G.; Jayas, D.S. 1991. Factors 162:27-37. DePauw, R.M.; et a!. 1991. Registration of 'Frank' spring triticale. Crop Sci. 31:490; affecting the deterioration of stored flaxseed Kawamoto, H.; Sinha, R.N.; Muir, WE.; including the potential of insect infestation. Woods, S.M. 1991. Simulation model of McLeod, J.G.; Townley-Smith, T.E; Can. J. Plant Sci. 71:327-335. Acarus siro (Acari: Acaridae) in stored DePauw, R.M.; et al. 1991. Registration of 'Kyle' Durum wheat. Crop Sci. 31:236-237. Zawistowski, J.; Howes, N.K. 1990. wheat. Environ. Entomol. 20:1381-1386. Production of monoclonal antibodies to high Kitson, c.I.; Muir, WE.; Sinha, R.N. 1990. Momen, EM.; Sinha, R.N. 1991. 1)rdeid MR avenin polypeptides. J. Cereal Sci. Probability curves from simulated drying of mites associated with stored grain and 12:235-244. wheat with near-ambient air in Manitoba. oilseeds in Canada with description of a new Can. Agric. Eng. 33:67-71. genus and five new species (Acari: Tydeidae). Can. J. Zool. 69:1226-1254. Klassen, G.R.; Kim, WK.; Barr, D.J.S.; Desaulniers, N.L. 1991. Presence of Mortensen, K.; Harris, P.; Kim, WK. 1991. Puccinia centaureae, P.jaceae, double-stranded RNA in isolates of Pythium Host range of P. carthami P.jaceae irregulare. Mycologia 83(5):657-661. and and the value of as a biological control agent for diffuse Kolmer, J.A.1990. Physiologic specialization knapweed (Centaurea diffusa) in North of Puccinia recondita f. sp. tritici in Canada America. Can. J. Plant Pathol. 13:71-80. in 1989. Can. J. Plant Pathol. 12:428-430. 136 Winnipeg 1992 REGINA Research Station Station de recherches Research Branch Direction generale de la recherche Agriculture Canada Agriculture Canada 5000 Wascana Parkway 5000, Promenade Wascana P.O. Box 440 c.P. 440 Regina, Saskatchewan Regina (Saskatchewan) S4P 3A2 S4P 3A2 Tel. (306) 780-7400 Tel. Fax (306) 780-7453 Telecopie EM OTTB::AG3740000 c.E. RfeSSional Staff Rsonnel professionnel Director R. Grover, Ph.D. Directeur Office Manager (seconded in) E.M. Deshaies Agent d'administration (prete 11la Direction) Technology Transfer Officer AJ. Leyshon, M.Sc. Agent de transfert de la technologie (seconded in) (prete 11 la Direction) Systems Manager-Analyst T. Derzaph, B.Sc. Gestionnaire, analyste fonctionnel (seconded in) (prete 11 la Direction) Information Specialist (Library) S.P.Yanosik Specialiste en information (bibliotheque) Biological Control of Weeds Lutte biologique contre les mauvaises herbes Plant pathogens R.M.D. Makowski, Ph.D. Pathogenes des plantes Plant pathogens K. Mortensen, Ph.D. Pathogenes des plantes Insects D.P. Peschken, Dr.Sc.Agr. Insectes Environmental Chemistry-Application Chimie environnementale-techniques Technology d' application Residues in air, water, and plants AJ. Cessna, Ph.D. Residus dans I'air, dans l'eau et dans les piantes Herbicide physiology AI. Hsiao, Ph.D. Physiologie des herbicides Residues-metabolism in soil AE. Smith, Ph.D. Residus-metabolisme des sols Spray application technology T.M. Wolf, M.Sc. Techniques d'application Weed Biology Biologie des mauvaises herbes Physiology, water relations G.I. McIntyre, Ph.D. Physiologie, rapports hydriques Crop losses-modeling L. Hume, Ph.D. Pertes dans les cultures-modelisation Mndate The Regina Research Station develops Under Agriculture Canada's Minor Use No residues of chlorpropham or integrated weed control practices in western of Pesticides Program, investigations have cyanazine at the 50 I-lglkglevel of Canada for cereals. It also does some work been completed on residues of glyphosate quantitation could be detected in mature on oilseeds, forage, and special crops. and its major metabolite aminomethyl- onions that had received a preemergence phosphonic acid in strawberry fruit following application of chlorpropham (6.0 kg/ha) Achievements spot and wiper applications of glyphosate to followed by a postemergence application of Cereals The rate of breakdown of 2,4-D in established strawberry plants. These chlorpropham plus cyanazine (4.5 + 1.1 soil was reflected in the number of investigations will provide the residue data kg/ha) at the loop stage of the crop. 2,4-D-degrading organisms present. In soils required to support the registration of The phytotoxicity of imazamethabenz- with a history of 2,4-D treatments, 90-98% glyphosate uses on strawberries. The methyl applied to wild oat plants at the of the 2,4-D applied was broken down within registration of these uses is expected to two-to-three-Ieaf stage was enhanced by 16 days, whereas in soils with no recent provide strawberry producers with economic additions of sodium bisulfate and herbicide history, only 61-81 % of the 2,4-D control of perennial weeds in this ammonium sulfate. Acidic buffers did not was broken down after 16 days. Herbicide low-hectarage (minor) crop. metabolites included carbon dioxide, 2,4~dichlophenol, and 2,4-dichloroanisole. Regina 1992 137 improve herbicide activity except in the wide range of cereals, oilseeds, and other Mndat presence of bisulfate or sulfate ions. It is field crops. It is the first bioherbicide La Station de recherches de Regina elabore suggested that at low pH the herbicide registered for use in Canada and will be the des methodes de lutte integree contre les becomes cationic, forms the bisulfate or model for the development of future mauvaises herbes qui dans l'ouest du sulfate salt of the methyl ester of bioherbicide registrations. BioMal was Canada nuisent aux cereales. Elle fait aussi imazamethabenz, enters true solution, and discovered at the Regina Research Station des travaux sur les oleagineux, les cultures readily penetrates the cuticle. High solution and developed here in cooperation with fourrageres et les cultures speciales. pH inhibits this process. private industry. At two locations the effects of wild oat Forages The combined attack of the gall-fly Realisations competition on three spring wheat Urophora cardui L. and the stem-mining Cereales La vitesse de la degradation du genotypes were compared. Yields of all weevil Ceutorhynchus litura F. on Canada 2,4-D dans Ie sol a ete correIee au nombre cultivars were reduced as wild oat densities thistle caused a significant reduction in the d'organismes decomposeurs de la molecule increased but the Canada Prairie Spring number of live buds in the 1st year and the presents dans ce milieu. Dans les sols traites wheat cultivars had greater yield reductions dry weight of the roots in the 3rd year; but au 2,4-D, de 90 a 98 % du compose applique than Neepawa at the same density of wild the attacks did not reduce mature seed etait decompose dans les 16jours qui ont oats. heads, new shoots, or the combined dry suivi, tandis que dans les sols qui n'avaient Stinkweed (Thaspi arvense L.) weight of the leaves, stems, and galls. A re<;udans un passe recent aucun traitement populations can be divided into an early reduction of nonstructural carbohydrates in a l'herbicide, Ie taux, apres la meme periode, flowering strain and a late flowering strain. the roots occurred at the end of the short n'etait que de 61 a 81 %. Le dlioxydede In addition, both strains can be either winter mining period, but had disappeared by fall. carbone, Ie 2,4-dichlorophenol et Ie or summer annuals. Both strain and Thus, although in the short term, under 2,4-dichloroanisole sont parmi les germination period were found to have Saskatchewan conditions, the vitality of metabolites de l'herbicide. Canada thistle is slightly reduced by these significant effects on stinkweed flowering, On a termine les etudes entreprises en two agents, additional biological contol increasing the variability in phenology and vertu du Programme des pesticides a emploi agents are needed to improve control. morphology among populations, hence limite d'Agriculture Canada, qui ont porte increasing the species' tolerance to a wide Host range studies and electrophoresis sur les residus du glyphosate ainsi que sur range of environmental conditions. analysis showed that the European rust son principal metabolite, l'adde Variability in time to flower within strains Puccinia jaceae Otth, a pathogen of diffuse aminomethylphosphonique, dans les fraises, appears to be under polygenic control. knapweed, and three related North apres application localisee ou en The effects of summer and winter American rusts are separate species. humectation sur des fraisiets etablis. On annual scentless chamomile interference on Electophoresis also established that the obtiendra ainsi les donnees sur les residus the yield of spring wheat were studied. Yield European P.jaceae differed slightly from the dont on a besoin pour etayer I'homologation losses were greater in moist years than dry P.jaceae discovered in British Columbia in du glyphosate sur les fraisiers. Les years and with winter annual rather than 1988,which now affects 10% of plants on producteurs disposeront ainsi d'un moyen with summer annual scentless chamomile dry sites and 100% on wet. economique de lutte contre Xesmauvaises plants. A weed density of five winter annual In 1991 the seed-head weevil Larinus herbes vivaces dans cette culture plants per square metre can reduce the yield ,minutus Gyll. and the seed-head flies «mineure ». of spring wheat by 7- 26%, when Chaetorellia acrolophi White & Marq. and Aucun residu de chlorprophame ni de precipitation is normal to above normal. Terellia virens (Loew.) were released on cyanazine, dans la gamme de:50 lJog/kgn'a pu A study of the biology of scentless spotted knapweed; the root-moths Eteobalea etre decele dans les oignons murs traites, en chamomile has shown that it is an annual to serratela Treit. and E. intermediella Riedl and prelevee, au chlorprophame (6,0 kg/ha) puis, short-lived perennial weed that is found as a the root -crown weevil Mecinus janthinus en postlevee, au stade du crochet, par une tetraploid in the Prairie Provinces and as a Germar were released on toadflax; and combinaison de cWorprophame et de diploid in Atlantic Canada. Preferred Aphis chloris (Koch) was released on St. cyanazine (4,5 + 1,1 kg/ha). habitats in the prairies are disturbed areas in John's-wort. La phytotoxicite de I'imazamethabenz- annual and perennial crops, pastures, and Resources methyl, applique a la folie avoine au stade wastelands. This weed produce's up to de deux a trois feuilles, a et(5augmentee par The Regina Research Station occupies 1.8 million seeds per square metre in solid des additions de bisulfate <:1<;: sodium et de stands. Control by tillage depends on 356 ha of Regina heavy clay in the Dark sulfate d'ammonium. Les tampons acides weather conditions; several herbicides Brown soil zone and is located on the n'ont pas ameliore I'activite:herbicide, sauf treatments are available. Scentless southeastern edge of the city. The en presence d'ions bisulfate: ou sulfate. On chamomile is, however, a suitable weed for administration and research staff are housed incline a croire que, aux pH bas, I'herbicide biological control. in the main laboratory building, with the prend une forme cationiqw;:, en creant Ie library, seed-cleaning operation, and bisulfate ou Ie sulfate de l'ester methylique Field crops Mter 10 years of research, the maintenance workers in other buildings on fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides de I'imazamethabenz, qu'il entre en solution site. The total staff comprises 32 person- vraie et qu'il penetre facilement la cuticule. (Penz.) Saccof. sp. malvae has been years, including 13. registered as a bioherbicide with the trade Le pH eleve des solutions (~mpechec~ name BioMal under the Pest Control processus. Products Act for use as a postemergent on a • 138 Regina 1992 Dans un essai effectue a deux endroits, premier herbicide biologique a etre principal des laboratoires, tandis que Ie on a compare les effets de la concurrence de homologue au Canada, et, de ce fait, il personnel de la bibliotheque, du service de la folie avoine sur trois genotypes de bles de servira de modele pour I'homologation de nettoyage des semences et du service printemps. Le rendement de tous les futurs herbicides biologiques. Le BioMal a d'entretien occupe d'autres immeubles sur cultivars a diminue proportionnellement a ete decouvert et mis au point a la Station de place. La station dispose de 32 annees- I'augmentation de la densite de la mauvaise recherches de Regina, avec la collaboration personnes. Elle emploie 13 professionnels. herbe, et a la meme densite de folie avoine, de I'industrie privee. les cultivars de bles de printemps Canada Cultures fourrageres L 'attaque combinee • Prairie ont eu un rendement moindre que de la mouche galligene Urophora cardui L. et celui du Neepawa. du charan ••on des tiges Ceutorhynchus litura ResearCh Publications Les populations de tabouret des F. sur Ie chardon des champs a Publications de recherche champs (Thaspi arvense L.) peuvent se considerablement r€cluit Ie nombre de Campbell, C.A; Lafond, G.P.; Leyshon, subdiviser en une souche a floraison precoce bourgeons vivants, au cours de la 1re annee, AJ.; Zentner, R.P.; Janzen, H.H. 1991. et en une a floraison tardive, qui, en outre, et la masse seche des racines, au cours de la Effect of cropping practices on the initial peuvent etre soit annuelles d'hiver, soit 3e annee; mais I'attaque n'a pas reduit Ie potential rate of N mineralization in a thin annuelles d'ete. On a constate que les deux nombre des capitules murs et des nouvelles black Chernozem. Can. J. Soil Sci. 71:43-53. souches ainsi que la periode de germination pousses ni la masse seche combinee des Cessna, AJ. 1990. The determination of the influaient considerablement sur la floraison, feuilles, des tiges et des gales. Dne reduction herbicide terbacil in asparagus spears by gas ce qui accrolt la variabilite phenologique et des glucides non structuraux des racines est chromatography. Can. J. Plant Sci. morphologique dans les populations et, de survenue a la fin de la courte periode de 71:915-921. la, la tolerance de I'espece a une large percee des galeries, mais elle avait cesse gamme de conditions du milieu. La avant I'arrivee de I'automne. Ainsi, meme si, Cessna, AJ. 1991. Diquat residues in lentil variabilite du moment de la floraison, a a court terme, dans les conditions propres a following preharvest treatment. Can. J. Plant I'interieur d'une souche, semble commandee la Saskatchewan, la vitalite du chardon des Sci. 71:413-418. par plusieurs genes. champs est legerement reduite par ces deux Cessna, AJ. 1991. Residue analysis of garlic La diminution du rendement du ble de agents de lutte biologique, il y a lieu de s'en (Allium sativum L.) cloves following a printemps causee par la matricaire inodore adjoindre d'autres pour ameliorer la maltrise postemergence application of linuron. Can. annuelle d'ete et d'hiver s'est revelee plus de la mauvaise herbe. J. Plant Sci. 71:951-955. grande par annee hum ide que par annee L'etude des hotes eventuels et Cessna, AJ. 1991. Residues of triallate in seche, et elle etait plutot imputable a la I'electrophorese ont montre que la rouille garlic (Allium sativum L.) cloves following matricaire annuelle d'hiver. A la densite de europeenne, Puccinia jaceae Otth, pathogene preplant incorporation. Can. J. Plant Sci. cinq matricaires annuelles d'hiver au metre de la centauree diffuse, et trois rouilles 71:1257-1261. carre, la diminution peut etre de 7 a 26 %, apparentees d'origine nord-americaine Cessna, AJ.1991. The HPLC determination lorsque les precipitations varient de constituaient des especes distinctes. Par of residues of maleic hydrazide in cloves of normales a superieures a la normale. electrophorese egalement, on a etabli que la garlic bulbs following foliar application . L'etude de la biologie de la matricaire .race europeenne de P.jaceae differait Pestic. Sci. 33:169-176. legerement du P.jaceae decouvert en inodore a revele que cette mauvaise herbe, Douglas, D.W; Thomas, AG.; Peschken, annuelle a vivace de courte duree de vie, se Colombie-Britannique en 1988, qui frappe D.P.; Bowes, G.G.; Derksen, D.A 1991. presente sous la forme tetraploi'de dans les main tenant 10 % des plantes en stations Effects of summer and winter annual Prairies et sous la forme diploi'de dans la seches et 100 % en stations humides. scentless chamomile (Matricaria per/orata region de l'Atlantique. Dans les Prairies, elle En 1991, Ie Larinus minutus Gyll. ainsi Merat) interference on spring wheat yield. affectionne les terres perturbees en cultures & que Ie Chaetorellia acrolophi White Marg. Can. J. Plant Sci. 71:841-850. annuelles et vivaces, les paturages et les et Ie Terellia virens (Loew.), respectivement friches. En peuplement dense, elle produit charan ••on et mouches infestant les tiges Grant, N.T.; Prusinkiewicz, E.; Makowski, jusqu'a 1,8million de graines au metre carre. porte-graines, ont ete laches sur la centauree R.M.D.; Holmstrom-Ruddick, B; L 'efficacite des methodes culturales depend maculee; les papillons Eteobalea serra tela Mortensen, K. 1990. Effect of selected des conditions meteorologiques, et il existe Treit. et E. intermediella Riedl dont les larves pesticides on survival of Colletotrichum plusieurs traitements herbicides. s'attaquent aux racines, ainsi que Ie gloeosporioides f. sp. malvae, a bioherbicide Neanmoins, la matricaire inodore est un bon charan ••on du collet Mecinus jan thin us for round-leaved mallow (Malva pusilla). candid at a la lutte biologique. Germar ont ete laches sur la linaire, tan dis Weed Techno!. 4:701-715. Grandes cultures Apres 10 annees de que l'Aphis chloris (Koch) I'etait sur Ie Grant, N.T.; Prusinkiewicz, E.; Mortensen, recherche, Ie champignon Colletotrichum millepertuis perfore. K.; Makowski, R.M.D.1990. Herbicide gloeosporioides (Penz) Sacco f. sp. malvae a interactions with Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Ressources ete homologue comme herbicide biologique f. sp. malvae a bioherbicide for round-leaved sous Ie nom commercial de BioMal, en La Station de recherches de Regina, situee mallow (Malva pusilla) contro!. Weed application de la Loi sur les produits aux limites sud-est de la ville de Regina, Techno!. 4:716-723. antiparasitaires, pour servir en postlevee sur occupe 356 ha d'argile lourde dans la zone Harris, P. 1991. Classical biocontrol of une large gamme de cereales, d'oleagineux de sol brun fonre. Le personnel administratif weeds: its definition, selection of effective et d'autres cultures de plein champ. C'est Ie et les chercheurs se trouvent dans I'immeuble Regina 1992 139 agents, and administrative-political Smith, AE.; Mortensen, K.1991. Degrading problems. Can. Entomol. 123:827-849. of waste 2,4-D residues using a soil micro Hume, L. 1990. The influence of emergence organism in a sprayer tank system. Can J. data and strain on phenology, seed Soil Sci. 71:243-246. production, and germination of Thlaspi Story, J.M.; Boggs, K.w.; Good, W.R; arvense L. Bot. Gaz. 151:510-515. Harris P.; Nowiersky, RM. 1991. Metzneria Hume, L.; Tessier, S.; Dyck, F.B. 1991. paucipunctella (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), a Tillage and rotation influences on weed moth introduced against spotted knapweed: community composition in wheat (Triticum its feeding strategy and impact on two aestivum L.) in southwestern Saskatchewan. introduced Urophora spp. (Diptera: Can. J. Plant Sci. 71:783-789. Tephritidae). Can. EntombI.123:1001-1007. Leyshon, AJ. 1991. Effect of rate of Thomas, AG. 1991. Floristic composition nitrogen fertilizer on the above- and below- and relative abundance of weeds in annual ground biomass of irrigated bromegrass in crops of Manitoba. Can. J. Plant Sci. southwest Saskatchewan. Can. J. Plant Sci. 71:831-839. 71:1057-1069. Thomas, AG.; Dale, M.RT. 1991. Weed Liu, S.H.; Hsiao, AI.; Quick, W.A 1991. community structure in spring seeded crops The influence of leaf blade, nutrients, water in Manitoba. Can. J. Plant Sci. and light on the promotion of axillary bud 71:1069-1080. growth of isolated single-node stem Thomas, AG.; Donaghy, D.1. 1991. A segments of Paspalum distichum L. Weed survey of the occurrence of seedling weeds Res. 31:385-394. in spring annual crops in Manitoba. Can J. McIntyre, G.I.; Cessna, AJ. 1991. Apical Plant Sci. 71:811-820. dominance in Phaseolus vulgaris. Effect of Woo, S.L.; Thomas, AG.; Peschken, D.P.; et the nitrogen supply. Can. J. Bot. al. 1991. The biology of Canadian weeds. 99. 69:1337-1343. Matricaria peiforata Mirat (Asteraceae). Can Morrison, LN.; Nawolski, K.M.; Entz, M.H.; J. Plant Sci. 71:1101-1121. Smith, AE. 1991. Differences among certified wheat seedlots in response to trifluralin. Agron. J. 83:119-123. Mortensen, K.; Harris, P.; Kim, w.K. 1991. Host ranges of Puccinia jaceae, P. centaureae, P. acroptili, and P. carthami, and the potential value of P.jaceae as a biological control agent for diffuse knapweed (Centaurea diffusa) in North America. Can. J. Plant Pathol. 13:71-80. Smith, AE.; Aubin, AJ. 1991. Effects of long-term 2,4-D and MCPA field applications on the soil breakdown of 2,4-D, MCPA, mecoprop, and 2,4,5-T. J. Environ. Qual. 20:436-438. Smith, A.E.; Aubin, A.J. 1991.rransformation of 14C2,4-dichlorophenol in Saskatchewan soils. J. Agric. Food Chern. 39:801-804. Smith, AE.; Aubin, AJ. 1991. Metabolites of 14C-2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in Saskatchewan soils. J. Agric. Food Chern. 39:2019-2021. Smith, A.E.; Hume, L.; Lafond, G.P.; Biederbeck, V.O. 1991. A review of the effects of long-term 2,4-D and MCPA applications on wheat production and selected biochemical properties of a Black Chernozem. Can. J. Soil Sci. 71:73-87. 140 Regina 1992 SASKATOON Research Station Station de recherches Research Branch Direction generale de la recherche Agriculture Canada Agriculture Canada 107 Science Place 107, Science Place Saskatoon, Saskatchewan Saskatoon (Saskatchewan) S7N0X2 S7NOX2 Tel. (306) 975-7014 Tel. Fax (306) 242-1839 Telecopie EM OTTB::EM375MAIL CE. RfeSSional Staff Rsonnel professionnel Director RE. Howarth, Ph.D. Directeur Assistant Director H. Harding, Ph.D. Directeur adjoint Administrative Officer G.I. Johannson Agent d'administration Administrative Officer G.M. Bell Agent d'administratioIi Scientific Support Soutien scientifique Area Coordinator, Library D.M. Kichuk, M.L.S. Coordonnateur regional, bibliotheque Librarian (seconded in) V. Keane, M.L.LS. Bibliothecaire (detache) Information Officer CE. Lynn, B.Sc. Agent d'information Statistician D.T. Spurr, Ph.D. Statisticien Biographies RE. Underwood Illustrations biologiques Computer Systems Manager RM. Young, B.Sc. Gestionnaire des systemes informatiques Database systems M.J. Bentham, M.Sc. Systemes de base de donnees Oilseeds Oleagineux Head of Section; Breeding RK. Downey, Ph.D. Chef de section; amelioration Biotechnology CT. Campbell, M.Sc. Biotechnologie Breeding D.S. Hutcheson, Ph.D. Amelioration Biochemistry D.I. McGregor, Ph.D. Biochimie Pathology G.A. Petrie, Ph.D. Pathologie Entomology K.A. Pivnick, Ph.D. Entomologie Breeding G.EW. Rakow, Ph.D. Amelioration Chemistry J.P. Raney, Ph.D. Chimie Cytogenetics G. Seguin-Swartz, Ph.D. Cytogenetique Soil fertility H. Ukrainetz, B.S.A. Fertilite du sol Pathology P.R Verma, Ph.D. Pathologie Cereals Protection Protection des cereales Section Head; Pathology H. Harding, Ph.D. Chef de section; pathologie Pathology K.L. Bailey, Ph.D. Pathologie Entomology J.E Doane, Ph.D. Entomologie Pathology L.J. Duczek, Ph.D. Pathologie Entomology RH. Elliott, Ph.D. Entomologie Entomology M.A. Erlandson, Ph.D. Entomologie Computer Analyst-Programmer D.W. Giffen, M.L.S. Analyste-programmeur Entomology CE Hinks, Ph.D. Entomologie Entomology P.G. Mason, Ph.D. Entomologie Entomology 0.0. Olfert, Ph.D. Entomologie Chemistry N.D. Westcott, Ph.D. Chimie Forage Crops Cultures fourrageres Section Head; Legume breeding B.P. Goplen, Ph.D. Chef de section; amelioration des legumineuses Pathology B.D. Gossen, Ph.D. Pathologie Molecular biology M.Y. Gruber, Ph.D. Biologie moleculaire Saskatoon 1992 141 Grass breeding R.P. Knowles, Ph.D. Selectionneur des graminees (Emerituslhonoraire) Plant physiology G.L. Lees, Ph.D. Physiologie vegetale Biochemistry AD. Muir, Ph.D. Biochimie Entomology J.J. Soroka, Ph.D. Entomologie Grass breeding S.B.M. Wright, Ph.D. Amelioration des graminees Weed l'vfanagement Gestion des mauyaises herbes Section Head; Weed sUIveys AG. Thomas, Ph.D. Chef de section; inventaires des mauvaises herbes Computer support R.E Wise Appui informatique Crop Utilization Utilisation des recoltes Section Head; Cereal D. Paton, Ph.D. Chef de section; transformation des processing, Chemistry cereales, chimie Oilseed processing, Biochemistry M.J.T. Reaney, Ph.D. Transformation des oleagineux, biochimie Melfort Melfort Research Station Station de recherches Research Branch Direction generale de la recherche Agriculture Canada Agriculture Canada Highway 6 South Route 6 sud P.O. Box 1240 c.P. 1240 Melfort, Saskatchewan Melfort' (Saskatchewan) SOE lAO SOE lAO Tel. (306) 752-2776 Tel. Fax (306) 752-4911 Telecopie EM OTTB::EM372MAIL c.E. Director AT. Wright, M.Sc. Directeur Farm Manager D.J. Ewanus, B.S.A Contremaltre de ferme Computer Systems Manager Vacant Gestionnaire des systemes informatiques Crop Production Productionsvegetaws. Program Leader; Agronomy, crop L. Townley-Smith, Ph.D. Chef de programme; agronomie, ecology ecologie des plantes cultivi:es Soil management and conservation AP. Moulin, Ph.D. Gestion et conservation des sols Annual crop management Vacant Regie de cultures annuelles Forage and Beef Production de bovins de boucherie et de fOUlTage Program Leader; Beef cow-calf D.H. McCartney, M.Sc. Chef de programme; conduitl~ des and pasture management exploitations de naissage des bovins de boucherie et regie des piHurages Forage crop agronomy and range management P.R. Horton, Ph.D. Agronomie herbagere et regie des piUurages Engineering, crop production, and harvesting E.Z. Jan, Ph.D. Techniques de production et de recolte Forage weed management H.A. Loeppky, M.Sc. Regie des mauvaises herbes des cultures fourrageres Production Economist Vacant Economiste de production Scott Scott Experimental Farm Ferme experimentale Research Branch Direction generale de la recherche Agriculture Canada Agriculture Canada Highway 380 Route nO380 Scott, Saskatchewan Scott (Saskatchewan) SOK4AO SOK4AO Tel. (306) 247-2011 Tel. Fax (306) 247-2022 Telecopie EM OTTB::AG3770000 C.E. 142 Sj~skatoon 1992 Superintendent; Weed science K.J. Kirkland, M.Sc. Regisseur; malherbologie Agronomy S.A. Brandt, M.Sc. Agronomie SASKATOON Unlike the Ogura CMS-triazine tolerance that were associated with sporulation were hybrids, this line showed good seed set, and cumulative soil temperature and cumulative Mndate the maternal inheritance of the cytoplasmic degree days. traits has been documented over several The Saskatoon Research Station develops The level of foliar diseases in irrigated sexual generations. new cultivars of canol a, mustard, and commercial fields of spring wheat and spring rapeseed for the Canadian prairies, and The fungicides fenpropimorph, barley in the South Saskatchewan River alfalfa and forage grasses for the northern furmecyclox, iprodione, and tolchlofos- irrigation area was monitored from 1986 to prairies. It also develops insect and disease methyl applied to canola seed with active 1989. Disease levels were highest in 1986 control systems for ingredient (a.i.) at 1 g/kg provided about and 1987. The most important cause of • oilseeds 90% control of preemergence damping-off foliar disease in wheat was Septoria nodorum • cereals caused by Rhizoctonia solani (Kuhn). Berk., except in 1986 when leaf rust, • forage crops. Furmecyclox and iprodione with a.i. at Puccinia recondita Rob. ex Desm., was 2-4 g/kg were the most effective fungicides prevalent. In barley, four causitive agents These programs have strong support against postemergence seedling root rot. were identified. Common root rot, caused from plant chemistry and biotechnology. mainly by Cochliobolus sativus, was the most Research on processing of grains and oilseeds Selected mustard oils were tested as important underground disease. is conducted in collaboration with the pas attractants for adult Nysius niger Baker, a Pilot Plant Corporation, Saskatoon, Sask. pest of mustard crops in western Canada. Of A portable track sprayer for evaluating the mustard oils tested, ethyI4-isothiocyanato- small-plot depositions was designed to The Scott Experimental Farm develops butyrate, the corresponding methyl ester systems for rotation and integrated weed provide consistent deposits over a defined that is found in seeds of the cruciferous sampling area. Evaluation of performance control for oilseeds and cereal crops for the genus Erysimum, was the most attractive. northwestern region of Saskatchewan. indicated that droplet trajectories were the However, the methyl ester itself was either most important factor influencing deposits Achievements less attractive or not attractive at all. on wheat heads, especially those positioned directly below nozzles. Canola Two new methods for fast, low-cost Cereals Adult male grasshoppers were fed analysis of glucosinolate content were diets of wheat, oats, or kochia, and amount Three spring wheat ,genotypes were developed and refined. One method uses of food consumed, weight gain, and amount subjected to four levels of wild oat density at immobilized enzymes, the other a of frass produced were determined. two locations over 4 years to assess the colorimeter specifically designed for Approximate digestibility was significantly effects of wild oat competition on biomass glucosinolate analysis. These methods have lower and efficiencyof conversion of production, culm formation, and yield. the potential to facilitate the introduction of assimilated food was significantly higher on Wheat biomass and culm production of all the new cultivars of super-low kochia than either of the cereals. Assay three cultivars were reduced at all wild oat (glucosinolate-free) rapeseed and edible oil results of the proteolytic digestive enzymes density levels. In general, yields of all mustard expected in the next few years. trypsin and chymotrypsin suggest that their cultivars were reduced as wild oat density overproduction may contribute to protein levels increased, and there was a significant The chromosome complements from attrition, resulting in slower growth and cultivar-by-density interaction. isolates of both highly virulent and weakly reduced reproduction. virulent strains of the blackleg pathogen Projects on monitoring and biological Leptosphaeria maculans (De sm.) Ces. & de An alkaline protease, associated with control of Russian wheat aphid (supported Not. were compared. Dramatic differences Melanoplus sanguinipes (Fabricius) by Saskatchewan Agriculture Development in both chromosome number and size were entomopoxvirus occlusion body preparations, Fund) were completed. Migrations of found. In combination with results of other was characterized. The protease, with a pH Russian wheat aphid (RWA) and other biochemical, morphological, and genetic optimum between 8 and 9 and a temperature cereal aphids were monitored" effectively studies, this finding indicates that they are optimum between 45 and 50°C, was inhibited using suction traps. There is no evidence distinct species. by phenylmethylsulfonylfluoride, an inhibitor that RWA has been able to overwinter in of serine proteases, and by a trypsin-specific Saskatchewan. Weekly sampling over 2 years Protoplasts of Brassica napus L. inhibitor. identified several species of parasitic wasps 'Westar' with Ogura cytoplasmic male and aphid predators belonging to five sterility (CMS) were fused with protoplasts Production of conidia of Cochliobolus families. The seven-spotted ladybird beetle, from Westar plants carrying cytoplasm sativus Drechsl. ex Dastur was observed on a known predator of RWA in Europe, conferring triazine tolerance. Of the 24 the crowns and underground parts of spring became established in 1989 and is now one plants recovered, one exhibited the novel cereals in the field and in the greenhouse. of the dominant ladybird beetle species Ogura CMS-triazine tolerance hybrid More conidia were produced on wheat and attacking cereal aphids in Saskatchewan. A combination. A plant with the normal B. barley than on rye and oat. The variable that flywhose larvae prey on RWA was imported napus chromosome number (2n = 38) was had the highest association with sporulation from the USSR and Yugoslavia and was derived by fertilization with Westar pollen. was plant growth stage. Weather variables Saskatoon 1992 143 released in August 1991 in Saskatchewan Ces programmes sont fortement appliques aux semences de canola a raison and Alberta. appuyes par les responsables de la chimie de 1 g de matiere active par kilogramme ont % Forages The alfalfa strain S7312 (WCR) des plantes et de la biotechnologie. Les permis, en prelevee, de reduire de 90 la was recommended for registration. This recherches sur la transformation des grains fonte des semis causee par Ie Rhizoctonia strain combines the extreme winterhardiness et des oleagineux sont menees en solani. Le furmecyclox et I'iprodione ont ete, of Anik and Drylander with a high level of collaboration avec la POS Pilot Plant a raison de 2 a 4 g de matiere active par resistance to bacterial wilt and moderate Corporation de Saskatoon (Sask.). kilogramme, les fongicides les plus efficaces resistance to winter crown rot. La Ferme experimentale de Scott contre Ie pourridie des semis qui se manifeste apres la levee. Three Agriculture Canada booklets elabore des systemes de rotation des were published: cultures et de lutte integree contre les Certaines huiles de moutarde ont ete eprouvees comme attractifs pour I'adulte du • Insect Pests of Legume and Grass Crops in mauvaises herbes qui envahissent les champs d'oleagineux et de cere ales dans la region du Nysius niger, ravageur des cultures de Western Canada (revised) nord-ouest de la Saskatchewan. moutarde dans I'ouest du Canada. Parmi les • Bloat in Cattle huiles eprouvees, c'est Ie 4-isothiocyanato- • Sainfoin for Western Canada. Realisations butyrate d'ethyle, dont I'ester rnethylique Crop utilization A licensing agreement for Canola Deux nouvelles methodes peu correspondant se trouve dans les semences the transfer of oat-processing technology col1teuses et rapides de dosage du des cruciferes du genre Erysimum, qui a ete was signed with POS-Nuvotech, and glucosinolate ont ete mises au point et Ie plus attractif. Toutefois, I'ester methylique subagreements were drawn up to perfectionnees. La premiere est fondee sur etait par lui-meme moins attractif ou non commercialize the technology in the private I'emploi d'enzymes immobilisees, tandis que attractif. sector. I'autre, utilise un colorimetre specifiquement Cereales Des males adultes de sauterelles congu pour Ie glucosinolate. Ces methodes ont ete alimentes en ble, en avoine ou en Resources pourraient faciliter la mise au point de kochia, et on a determine la consommation The main office and laboratory building for nouveaux cultivars de colza a concentration alimentaire, Ie-gain de poids et la quantite the research station is located on the campus tres faible (exempts) de glucosinolate ainsi de chiures produites. De fagan approximative, of the University of Saskatchewan. This que de moutarde a huile comestible dans les la digestibilite etait considerablement plus location provides an opportunity for quelques prochaines annees. faible et I'efficience alimentaire collaboration with various other agriculture On a compare la garniture considerablement plus elevee lorsque les research establishments on campus. It also chromosomique d'isolats de souches tres sauterelles etaient nourries au kochia. Les allows graduate students to participate in virulentes et peu virulentes du pathogene resultats des dosages de la trypsine et la our research programs. qui cause la jambe noire, Leptosphaeria chymotrypsine, enzymes digestives The station has a 180-ha research farm maculans (Desm.) Ces. & de Not. On a proteolytiques, portent a croire que la 5 km northeast of the office-laboratory. constate des ecarts notables tant dans Ie surproduction de ces dernieres peut The experimental farm at Scott is 160 km nombre de chromosomes que dans leurs contribuer a la degradation des proteines, west of Saskatoon, with a land base of 340 dimensions. A la lumiere de ces resultats laquelle se traduit par un ralentissement de ha. There are project farms at Kindersley, et de ceux d'autres etudes biochimiques, la croissance et une reduction de la Lashburn, and Loon Lake, Sask. morphologiques et genetiques, on aurait reproduction. affaire a des especes distinctes. The staff comprises 110 person-years, Une protease alcaline, que I'on including 34 professionals. Des protoplastes de Brassica napus L. retrouve avec les preparations des corps 'Westar' dotes de la sterilite cytoplasmique d'occlusion du virus entomopox du In June the Saskatoon Research Station male d'Ogura ont ete fusionnes avec des Melanoplus sanguinipes, a ete caracterisee. took over responsibility for managing the protoplastes de plants Westar a cytoplasme La protease, dont I'optimum de pH se situe Melfort Research Station. conferant la tolerance a la triazine. Des entre 8 et 9 et celui de la temperature entre 24 plants obtenus, un seul portait la 45 et 50 ec, etait inhibee par Ie fluorure de • combinaison inedite de I'androsterilite phenylmethylsulfonyle, inhibiteur des. d'Ogura et la tolerance a la triazine. Un serines proteases, et par un inhibiteur Mndat plant possedant Ie nombre normal de specifique de la trypsine. La Station de recherches de Saskatoon chromosomes de B. napus (2 n = 38)a ete Sur Ie collet et les parties non aeriennes elabore de nouveaux cultivars de canola, de obtenu par fecondation avec du pollen de des cere ales de printemps, on a observe, en moutarde et de colza adaptes aux Prairies Westar. Contrairement aux hybrides plein champ et en serre, la production de canadiennes et de nouveaux cultivars de porteurs de I'androsterilite d'Ogura et de la conidies de Cochliobolus sativus (Ito & luzerne et de graminees fourrageres adaptes tolerance a la triazine, cette lignee presente Kurik.) Drechs. Davantage de conidies se a la region septentrionale des Prairies. une bonne capacite de production de sont formees sur Ie ble et I'orge que sur Ie L 'equipe de la station congoit egalement des graines. L'heritage maternel des caracteres seigle et I'avoine. La variable correlee Ie plus systemes de lutte contre les insectes et les cytoplasmiques a ete etudie sur plusieurs etroitement a la sporulation a ete Ie stade de maladies pour les cultures suivantes : generations obtenues par fecondation croissance de la plante. Les variables • oleagineux sexuelle. meteorologiques reliees a la sporulation ont • cere ales Les fongicides fenpropimorphe, ete la temperature cumulative du sol et Ie • cultures fourrageres. furmecyclox, iprodione et tolchlofos-methyl nombre cumulatif de degres-jours. 144 Silskatoon1992 On a sUlveille, de 1986 a 1989, et de Yougoslavie et lachee en aout 1991 en sustainable crop and livestock production l'intensite des maladies foliaires dans des Saskatchewan et en Alberta. technology for farming systems of the Black and Gray soil zones of the northern prairies. champs irrigues de production industrielle Plantes fourrageres La souche S7312 de la de ble et d'orge de printemps dans la vallee luzerne (WCR) a ete recommandee pour Programs emphasized are de la Riviere Saskatchewan-Sud. l'enregistrement. Cette souche allie la • soil management and conservation L'incidence la plus elevee a ete observee en rusticite aux hivers extremes de l'Anik et du • annual crop management 1986 et 1987. La principale cause de Drylander et la forte resistance au • forage crop management mala die chez Ie ble etait Ie Septoria nodorum fletrissement bacterien avec une resistance • low-cost grazing and wintering practices Berk., sauf en 1986, lorsque la rouille moderee a la pourriture hivernale de la for beef cattle. foliaire, Puccinia recondita Rob. ex Desm., a couronne. predomine. Chez I'orge, quatre agents ont ete identifies. La principale maladie des Trois brochures d'Agriculture Canada Achievements parties non aeriennes etait Ie pourridie ont ete publiees : Evaluation of the Erosion Productivity Impact • Ravageurs des legumineuses et des ordinaire, cause surtout par Ie Cochliobolus Calculator (EPIC) crop growth model from graminees de ['Ouest du Canada (revise) sativus. long-term rotations Yields of spring wheat, • La meteorisation chez les bovins Un pulverisateur portatif a chenilles Triticum aestivum L., from long-term pour l'evaluation du depot sur les petites • Le sainfoin de l'Ouest du Canada (1960-1989) crop rotations at Melfort were used to evaluate the EPIC model developed parcelles a ete con«u pour donner des Utilisation des cuitures Un accord de by the Agricultural Research Service of the depots constants sur une surface definie concession de licence pour Ie transfert d'une United States Department of Agriculture. d'echantillonnage. Une evaluation de la technique de transformation de I'avoine a When daily maximum and minimum performance de l'instrument a indique que ete signe avec POS-Nuvotech, et des temperatures and precipitation were input la trajectoire des gouttelettes eta it Ie facteur ententes complementaires ont ete redigees into the model, predicted mean yields of qui influait Ie plus sur Ie depot qui se forme afin de commercialiser la technique dans Ie wheat for the various rotations were sur les epis de ble, notamment ceux qui secteur prive. etaient situes directement sous les buses. generally similar to actual yields. EPIC was Ressources also satisfactory in predicting long-term Trois genotypes de ble de printemps ont means for yield of spring wheat when L'immeuble principal, qui renferme les ete soumis a quatre densites de folie avoine, weather was generated from long-term bureaux et les laboratbires de la station de dans deux localites, sur une periode de 4 ans, climate data. However, regression analyses recherches, est situe sur Ie campus de afin d'evaluer les effets de la concurrence de indicated no significant relationship between l'Universite de la Saskatchewan, ce qui la folie avoine sur la production de la simulated (using actual and generated favorise la collaboration avec les autres biomasse, la formation des brins et sur Ie weather data) and actual annual yields over organismes de recherches agricoles sur Ie rendement. La biomasse du ble et la the 30-year period. Therefore, EPIC production des brins des trois cultivars ont campus. Cette proximite facilite egalement predicts long-term average yields with la participation des etudiants diplomes nos ete reduites a toutes les densites de la folie a sufficient accuracy but is not recommended programmes de recherche. avoine. En general, Ie rendement de tous les for yield prediction for individual years. It cultivars a diminue en proportion de La station possede une ferme can be a valuable decision-making tool for l'augmentation de la densite de la folie experimentale de 180 ha a 5 km au nord-est identifying crop rotations and management avoine, et on a observe une interaction de son centre administratif. La Ferme practices that offer potential yield benefits importante entre Ie cultivar et la densite. experimentale de Scott est situee a 160 km a over a long time. On a acheve les travaux de surveillance l'ouest de Saskatoon et couvre un terrain de Climate and fertilizer effects on canola 340 ha. Des fermes satellites sont situees et de.lutte biologique diriges contre Ie a Yield response of canola to nitrogen (N) and puceron russe du ble (appuyes par Ie Kindersley, Lashburn et Loon Lake. a a phosphorus (P) fertilizer was studied over a Saskatchewan Agriculture Development La station dispose de 110 annees- 16-year period on a highly fertile, silty clay Fund). Les migrations de ce puceron et personnes et emploie 34 professionnels. loam soil at Melfort, Sask. Despite large d'autres pucerons des cereales ont ete En juin on a confie a la Station de yield differences among years resulting from surveillees de fa«on efficace a l'aide de variability in temperature and precipitation, pieges succion. Rien ne montre que Ie recherches de Saskatoon la responsibilite de a soil tests for Nand P showed that these puceron ait pu hiverner en Saskatchewan. la gestion de la Station de recherches de fertilizers accounted for much of the Un echantillonnage hebdomadaire etale sur Melfort. variability in yield. Equations were 2 ans a permis d'identifier plusieurs especes developed to relate canola yield, total de guepes parasites et de predateurs des precipitation, and mean maximum daily pucerons qui appartenaient cinq families. a MELFORT temperature for July and August. Grain La coccinelle sept taches, predateur connu a yield was reduced about 400 kg/ha, with an du puceron russe du ble en Europe, a ete increase in temperature from 21 to 24°C. naturalisee en 1989 et elle est l'une des Temperature and precipitation effects were coccinelles dominantes qui s'attaque aux Mndate more noticeable with the highest rates of N pucerons des cereales en Saskatchewan. Une The Melfort Research Station uses a holistic and P fertilizer. mouche dont les larves sont predatrices du approach to develop and transfer puceron russe du ble a ete importee d'URSS environmentally and economically Saskatoon 1992 145 Wheat seeding systems A 3-year study was Weed control in forage establishment The Plots fertilized with N at a rate of 90 kg/ha, P conducted to determine whether a yield of Altai wild ryegrass was increased at 20 kg/ha, and S at 23 kg/ha produced the semi-dwarf Canada prairie spring (CPS) from 37 to 359%, depending on the level of highest yields (7.49 t/ha) when rainfall was wheat cultivar, HY320, and a tall-stature weed interference present, over a :;I-year 220 mm during May, June, and July and hard red spring (HRS) cultivar, Katepwa, period when herbicides were applied during when average maximum temperature was respond differently to seeding method and establishment. Weed control achieved with 19.7°C. The lowest yield (0.84 t/ha) was nitrogen fertilization. Crop residues were metsulfuron, chlorsulfuron, thifensulfuron, obtained on an unfertilized treatment when either buried in pre seeding tillage and tank mix applications of bromoxynil rainfall was 160 mm and average maximum operations or were left standing until with diclofop or fenoxaprop during the temperature was 25.2°C. seeding. Nitrogen treatment varied among establishment year ensured satisfactory Preserving forage as round-bale hay sites, but ranged from unfertilized sites to forage establishment, which in turn caused a Anhydrous ammonia was found to be those with N applied at a rate of 168 kg/ha. residual effect for 1-3 years, increasing effective for preserving round bales of Sites included Swinton silty loam in the individual cut and cumulative forage high-moisture brome-alfalfa and alfalfa hay. Brown, Bradwell fine sandy loam in the dry-matter yields significantly. Anhydrous ammonia was applied at 2% Dark Brown, and Melfort silty clay loam in Good seedling establishment of wt/wt basis to plastic covered stacks of large the Black soil zones. The general response of meadow bromegrass and crested wheatgrass, round bales at < 20% and at 30% moisture. CPS and HRS wheats to seeding method and subsequent increased forage dry-matter Ammoniated high-moisture hay was and nitrogen fertilizer 'was similar, and yield (23-48%), over a 3-year period mold-free after 14 weeks of storage. therefore no differences in planting occurred as a result of satisfactory weed Dry-matter recovery was not aJffectedby recommendations are justified between control in the establishment year. In a weed moisture content or ammoniation. them. However, the relative yields of the two community dominated by pennycress, Dry-matter intake and average daily gain of cultivars differed considerably with growing bromegrass responded favorably to growing steers were similar to those attained conditions; CPS wheat showed a 25% yield metsulfuron and to combinations of with field-cured hay. As compared with field advantage at yields over 4000 kg/ha, but this bromoxynil with fenoxaprop and diclofop, cured hay, feed efficiency was reduced in amount steadily decreased to no advantage whereas diclofop plus bromoxynil was most animals fed ammoniated high-moisture as yields decreased to 1000 kg/ha. Therefore, successful in crested wheatgrass. In a weed brome-alfalfa hay, but it was improved in choice of cultivar, seeding system, and level community dominated by lamb's-quarters, those fed ammoniated high-moisture alfalfa. of nitrogen fertilizer should be based on metsulfuron with active ingredient (a.i.) Management offalcata alfalfa Alfalfa anticipated yield level; on tillage seeding and applied at 3 g/ha increased bromegrass yield fertilizer costs; and on the relative price of strains of the falcata subspecieosgermplasm by 37%, whereas thifensulfuron with a.i. CPS and HRS wheat. showed superior long-term performance applied at 15 and 30 g/ha increased when the alfalfa was grown in a binary Management of plains rough fescue Plains wheatgrass yield by 23%. mixture with bromegrass. Application of rough fescue Festuca hallii (Vasey) Piper is Soil-aggregate-cmshing energy meter A P fertilizer at a rate of 40 kg/ha increased the key species for the native fescue computer-controlled meter was developed to total yield from 1.47 t/ha to 2.52 t/ha. grasslands of the Aspen Parkland ecoregion, measure energy required to crush dry soil Frequent cutting reduced average total yield but has decreased on, or has been eliminated aggregates collected in studies of tillage and from 2.59 t/ha in a two-cut system to 1.4 t/ha from, many fescue grasslands because of cropping systems. The meter is controlled by in a four-cut system. Fertility and cutting disturbance and poor range management a microcomputer that displays a graph of management did not affect the proportion of practices. force and displacement while"an aggregate is alfalfa in the harvested herbage. Research to determine improved range crushed. It is a significant improvement over Short-duration grazing systems Short- management practices was conducted on an previous designs because the quality of data duration grazing systems were evaluated as a undisturbed Festuca-Stipa grassland site. can be monitored and because data are means of extending the grazing season on Results indicated that early June was the produced in a format from which crushing roughland bush pastures in the Aspen most sensitive period for season of energy can easily be calculated. Crushing parkland. The ten-paddock, quick-rotational defoliation stress, whereas early July and energy is a variable in models of wind grazing system averaged 139 grazing days; early October were the least sensitive erosion, such as the Wind Erosion Research the five-paddock system, 132 days; and the periods. Compared with one or two Model, and is used to predict how continuous graze, 117 days. Cattle on the defoliations per growing season, four or aggregates will break down when affected by ten- and five-paddock systems grazed to eight resulted in reductions in above~ground wind-blown soil particles. The amount of soil crested wheatgrass for 20 of these grazing dry-matter production, sward composition, eroded by wind is predicted from crushing days. All treatments were stocked at the tiller density, end-of-season stem base energy and other soil and crop variables. same rate per hectare. Average daily calf weight, total nonstructural carbohydrate Fertilizer and pasture productivity A 12-year gain was 0.92, 0.93, and 1.01 kg for the pool, and root weight. These results suggest fertility study on bromegrass and alfalfa ten-paddock, five-paddock, and continuous that plains rough fescue is suited to summer pastures established on Gray-wooded soils grazing systems, respectively. Calf gain per and autumn grazing or to a deferred rotation have shown that a rise in average hectare was 90.1, 103.5, and 95.5 kg, grazing system. A duration of rest between temperature without a corresponding respectively. Average forage production was grazings which is not less, and preferably increase in precipitation would produce a 1734, 1716, and 2055 kg/ha, respectively. longer, than 8 weeks is recommended for significant drop in bromegrass herbage yield. Early fall snow storms continue to be a plains rough fescue. 146 Saskatoon 1992 ----l limiting factor in extending the grazing rendements moyens a long terme avec depassaient 4 000 kg/ha; cependant cet season. suffisamment de precision; cependant, son avantage s'amenuisait progressivement utilisation n'est pas recommandee pour la jusqu'a devenir nullorsque les rendements Resources prevision du rendement annuel. II peut etre chutaient a 1 000 kg/ha. Le choix du cultivar, The Melfort Research Station was valable en tant qu'outil de prise de decision Ie systeme d'ensemencement, et Ie taux established in 1935 and consists of370 ha on pour determiner les rotations de cultures et d'engrais azote devraient done etre fondes a productive silty-clay loam near the city of les methodes de gestion qui presentent des sur un taux de rendement prevu de meme Melfort, Sask. In addition, the station avantages potentiels de rendement sur une que sur les couts de I'ensemencement par operates another 390 ha of bushland pasture periode prolongee. travail du sol et l'addition d'engrais et sur Ie prix relatif du ble de printemps des Prairies near Pathlow, Sask., under an agreement Effets du climat et des engrais sur Ie canola et du ble roux vitreux de printemps. with the Province of Saskatchewan. On a etudie pendant 16 ans Ie rendement du canol a traite a l'azote et au phosphore et Gestion de la fetuque de Hall La fetuque • cultive dans un loam limono-argileux tres de Hall Festuca hallii (Vasey) Piper est fertile a Melfort (Saskatchewan). Malgre des I'espece-cle des prairies a fetuque indigene Mndat ecarts de rendement tres grands d'une annee de I'ecoregion foret-pare a trembles; La Station de recherches de Melfort utilise a l'autre, attribu"ables aux variations de cependant, elle est moins abondante dans de une approche globale dans l'elaboration et temperature et de precipitations, les nombreuses prairies a fetuques, ou elle a Ie transfert de techniques de production analyses de sol ont permis de trouver que meme ete eliminee, en raison de vegetale et animale ecologiquement et I'azote (N) et Ie phosphore (P) etaient en perturbations et de mauvaises methodes de economiquement durables qui ont trait a des grande partie responsables de la variabilite gestion des parcours. systemes d'exploitation agricole des zones de du rendement. Des equations ont Me Des recherches en vue d'etablir de sols gris et noirs du nord des Prairies. formulees pour etablir un lien entre Ie meilleures methodes de gestion des parcours rendement du canola, I'accumulation totale La station de recherches a mis I'accent ont ete menees dans une prairie non des precipitations et la moyenne de perturbee de fetuques et de stipes. Les sur les programmes suivants : temperature quotidienne maximale pour • gestion et conservation des sols resultats ont montre que Ie debut de juin juillet et aout. Le rendement en grains a ete etait la periode la plus sensible a la ., regie de cultures annuelles r6duit de 400 kg/ha environ lorsque la defoliation, tan dis que Ie debut de juillet et • regie des cultures herbageres temperature passait de 21 a 24°C. Les effets d'octobre etaient les periodes les moins • pratiques economiques de paturage et de la temperature et des precipitations sensibles. Par rapport a une ou deux d'alimentation d'hivernage pour les bovins etaient plus prononces lorsque les taux defoliations par saison de croissance, quatre de boucherie. d'application d'azote et de phosphore ou huit ont entraine des reductions sur Ie etaient plus eleves. plan de la production en matiere seche a la Realisations Systemes d'ensemencement du ble Une surface, de la composition du peuplement de Evaluation du calculateur des effets de etude de 3 ans a ete menee afin d'etablir si graminees, de la densite des talles, du poids l'erosion sur la productivite (EPIC), modele un cultivar demi-nain de ble de printemps de base des tiges en fin de saison, de la de croissance de cultures dans des rotations des Prairies canadiennes (.CPS), Ie HY320, reserve de glucides non structuraux totaux et de longue duree Le modele EPIC, elabore et un cultivar de ble roux vitreux de finalement du poids des racines. II semble par Ie service de recherches agricoles du printemps (HRS) de haute taille, Ie done que la fetuque de Hall convienne bien ministere de l'Agriculture des Etats-Unis, a Katepwa, reagissaient differemment a la au paturage estival ou automnal ou a un Me evalue sur Ie ble de printemps Triticum methode d'ensemencement et a I'application systeme de paturage en rotation differee. aestivum obtenu dans des rotations de d'engrais azote. Les residus de culture ont Dans Ie cas de la fetuque de Hall, on longue duree a Melfort (1960 a 1989). Apres ete enfouis lors du travail du sol avant recommande une peri ode de repos minimale avoir entre dans le modele les donnees l'ensemencement ou laisses sur pied de 8 semaines, mais de preference plus concernant les temperatures maximales et jusqu'au moment de l'ensemencement. longue, entre les paturages. minim ales quotidiennes et les precipitations, L'application d'azote variait d'un site a Lutte contre les mauvaises herbes dans les rendements moyens prevus du ble pour l'autre, soit de 0 kg a 168 kg/ha. Les sites l'implantation des fourrages Sur une les differentes rotations etaient en general comprenaient Ie loam limoneux de Swinton periode de 3 ans, Ie rendement de l'elyme de similaires aux rendements reels. Le modele dans la zone de sol brun, Ie loam sableux fin I'Altai a augmente de 37 a 359 %, selon Ie EPIC s'est egalement revele utile pour la de Bradwell dans la zone de sol brun fonce, niveau d'interference attribuable aux prevision du rendement moyen a long terme et Ie loam limono-argileux de Melfort dans mauvaises herbes presentes, lorsqu'il y a eu du ble de printemps lorsque les conditions la zone de sol noir. En general, les deux application d'herbicides au moment de meteorologiques etaient prevues a partir de types de ble reagissaient de la meme fa<;ona I'implantation. La lutte contre les mauvaises donnees climatologiques a long terme. la methode d'ensemencement et herbes par application de metsulfuron, de Toutefois, d'apres des analyses de regression, d'application d'engrais; la formulation de chlorsulfuron, de thifensulfuron et il n'existe pas de rapport notable entre les recommandations differentes en matiere de application d'un melange extemporane de rendements annuels simules (a partir de plantation n'est done pas justifiee. Toutefois, bromoxynil et de diclofop ou de fenoxaprop donnees meteorologiques reelles et les rendements relatifs des deux cultivars pendant l'annee d'implantation a permis une obtenues par modeles) et les rendements etaient tres differents selon les conditions de bonne installation des graminees annuels reels port ant sur la periode de croissance. Le CPS affichait un rendement fourrageres; il en est resulte un effet residuel 30 ans. Le modele EPIC prevoit done les superieur de 25 % lorsque les rendements Saskatoon 1992 147 pour une peri ode de 1 a 3 ans, ce qui a parcelles fertilisees a raison de 90 kg d'azote meme taux par hectare. Chez les veaux, Ie augmente considerablement les rendements par hectare, de 20 kg de phosphore par gain moyen quotidien s'etablissait cumulatifs en matiere seche de chaque hectare et de 23 kg de soufre par hectare ont respectivement a 0,92, 0,93 et 1,01 kg dans coupe de piantes fourrageres. affiche les rendements les plus eleves Ie cas des systemes a dix end os, cinq end os On a observe, sur une periode de 3 ans, (7,49 t/ha) lorsque I'accumulation de pluie et permanent. Le gain ponderal par hectare une bonne implantation des plants de brome etait de 220 mm en mai, juin et juillet, et que des veaux etait respectivement de 90,1,103,5 des pres et d'agrostide a crete, et par la suite la temperature maximale moyenne etait de et 95,5 kg. La production moyenne de un rendement accru en matiere seche des 19,7 0c. Le rendement Ie plus faible fourrage etait respectivement de 1 734, piantes fourrageres (23-48 %), en raison de (0,84 t/ha) a ete obtenu dans Ie cas d'une 1 716 et 2 055 kg/ha. Les tempetes de neige bonnes methodes de lutte contre les parcelle non fertilisee, avec une accumulation du debut de I'automne continuent d'etre un mauvaises herbes au cours de l'annee de pluie de 160 mm et une temperature facteur limitant en ce qui a trait a la d'implantation. Dans une communaute de maximale moyenne de 25,2 0c. prolongation de la saison de paturage. mauvaises herbes dominee par Ie tabouret Conservation du fourrage sous forme de balle Ressources des champs, Ie brome a bien reagi a ronde de foin On a constate que l'application de metsulfuron et a des I'ammoniac anhydre etait efficace pour la La Station de recherches de Melfort a ete associations de bromoxynil et de fenoxaprop conservation de balles rondes de brome- etablie en 1935 et s'etend sur 370 ha, sur du ou de didofop, tan dis que la combinaison luzerne et de foin de luzerne humides. loam limoneux-argileux productif, pres de la didofop et bromoxynil agissait mieux sur L'ammoniac anhydre a ete injecte a raison ville de Melfort (Saskatchewan). En outre, I'agrostide a crete. Dans Ie cas d'une de 2 % pip dans de grosses balles ron des elle utilise un autre 390 ha de paturage communaute de mauvaises herbes dominee sous bache plastique dont l'humidite est buissonnant, pres de Pathlow (Saskatchewan), par Ie chenopode blanc, I'application de <20 % et de 30 %. Apres 14 semaines en vertu d'une entente avec cette province. metsulfuron a raison de 3 g d'ingredient actif d'entreposage, Ie foin humide etait exempt par hectare a augmente de 37 % Ie de moisissure. La recuperation de matiere • rendement du brome, tan dis que seche n'a pas ete touchee par l'humidite ou l'application de thifensulfuron, a raison de par Ie traitement a I'ammoniac. L'apport en Research Publications 15 et de 30 g d'ingredient actif par hectare, a matiere seche et Ie gain moyen quotidien des Publications de recherche augmente de 23 % celui de l'agrostide. bouvillons en croissance etaient sembiabies Bell, 1.M.; Keith, M.O.; Hutcheson, D.S. Appareil de mesure de l'energie de a ceux obtenus avec Ie foin fane. 1991. Nutritional evaluation of very low desagregation des agregats Un appareil de Comparativement au foin fane, I'efficience glucosinolate canola meal. Can. 1.Anim. Sci. mesure commande par ordinateur a ete mis alimentaire etait r6duite chez les animaux 71:497-506. auxquels on a administre du foin de au point afinde mesurer I'energie necessaire Berkenkamp, B.; Bittman, S.; Horton, P.R. brome-Iuzerne humide ammonie, mais elle pour desagreger des agregats de sol sec 1991. The resistance of alfalfa cultivars to preleves dans Ie cadre d'etudes des systemes etait amelioree chez les animaux qui ont pepper spot. Plant Var. Seeds 4:59-60. de travail du sol et de culture. L'appareil est regu de la luzerne humide ammoniee. Berkenkamp, B.; Bittman, S.; McCartney, D. commande par un micro-ordinateur qui Regie de la luzerne faleata Des souches de 1991. Resistance of alfalfa cultivars to brown affiche un graphique de la force et du luzerne de la sous-espece falcata ont affiche root rot. Can. 1. Plant Sci. 71:211-213. deplacement pendant la desagregation de up. rendement a long terme superieur l'agregat. II s'agit d'un progres important par lorsque la luzerne croissait en presence de Berkenkamp, B.; lan, E.Z. 1991. A planting rapport aux conceptions anterieures etant brome. L'application d'engrais phosphate a template for seed treatment trials. Can. 1. donne que la qualite des donnees peut etre raison de 40 kg/ha a fait passer Ie rendement Plant Sci. 71:851-853. surveillee, et que les donnees sont produites total de 1,47 t/ha a 2,52 t/ha. Des coupes Bittman, S.; Waddington, 1.; McCartney, D. sous une forme qui permet de calculer frequentes ont reduit Ie rendement total 1991.Performance of alfalfa strains grown in facilement l'energie de desagregation. Cette moyen qui etait de 2,59 t/ha dans un systeme mixture with smooth bromegrass as affected energie est une variable des modeles de deux coupes a 1,4 t/ha dans un systeme a by management. Can. 1. Plant Sci. d'erosion eolienne, comme Ie modele de quatre coupes. Les engrais et la regie des 71:1029-1037. recherche sur I'erosion eolienne, et elle sert coupes n'ont pas modifie la proportion de Campbell, C.A; Bowren, K.E.; Schnitzer, prevoir la degradation des agregats luzerne dans les herbages recoltes. a M.; Zentner, R.P.; Townley-Smith, L. 1991. lorsqu'ils sont touches par des particules de Systemes de paturage de eourte duree On a Effect of crop rotations and fertilization on sol chassees par Ie vent. La quantite de sol evalue les systemes de paturage de courte soil organic matter and some biochemical erode par Ie vent est prevue partir de cette a duree comme moyen de prolonger la saison properties of a thick Black Chernozem. Can. energie et d'autres variables du sol et des de paturage dans les paturages grossiers de 1. Soil Sci. 71:377-387. cultures. la zone de foret-parc trembles. Le systeme a Campbell, C.A; Nuttall, w.F.; Ukrainetz, H.; Engrais et produetivite des paturages Une de paturage tournant rapide dix endos a a Selles, F.; Wright, AT. 1991. Effect of etude de fertilisation de 12 ans, port ant sur produit en moyenne 139jours de paturage; nitrogen source, placement and time of des plUurages de brome et de luzerne Ie systeme cinq endos, 132jours, et Ie a application on winter wheat production in implantes sur des sols gris forestiers, a paturage permanent, 117jours. Le betail Saskatchewan. Can. 1. Soil Sci. 71:177-187. montre qu'une elevation de la temperature place dans les systemes a dix end os et a cinq moyenne sans augmentation correspondante 'endos a broute de I'agrostide a crete Darroch, C.S.; Bell, 1.M.; McGregor, D.I.; des precipitations entrainerait une chute pendant 20 jours au cours de cette periode. Mills, 1.H.L. 1991. The effects of a linear import ante du rendement en brome. Des Tous les traitements ont ete entreposes au increase in dietary indole glllcosinolates on 148 SClskatoon 1992 growth and physiology of mice. Can. J. Kao, H.M.; Brown, G.G.; Scoles, G.; Nuttall, WE; Malhi, S.S. 1991. The effect of Anim. Sci. 71:887-896. Seguin-Swartz, G. 1991. Ogura cytoplasmic time and rate of N application on the yield Duczek, L.J. 1990. Sporulation of male sterility and triazine tolerant Brassica and N uptake of wheat, barley, flax and four Cochliobolus sativus on crown and napus cv. Westar produced by protoplast cultivars of rapeseed. Can. J. Soil Sci. underground parts of spring cereals in fusion. Plant Sci. 75:63-72. 71:227':"'238. relation to weather and host species, Kataria, H.R.; Verma, P.R. 1990. Efficacy of Nuttall, WE; McCartney, D.H.; Bittman, S.; cultivar, and phenology. Can. J. Plant Pathol. fungicidal seed treatments against Horton, P.R.; Waddington, J. 1991. The 12:273-278. pre-emergence damping-off and effect of N, P,S fertilizer, temperature and Duczek, L.J.; Kindrachuk, c.R.; Dziadyk, post-emergence seedling root rot of growth precipitation on the yield of bromegrass and D.A. 1991. Diseases of irrigated spring chamber grown canola caused by alfalfa pasture established on a luvisolic soil. wheat and spring barley in Saskatchewan Rhizoctonia solani AG-2-1 and AG-4. Can. Can. J. Plant Sci. 71:1047-1055. J. Plant Pathol. 12:409-416. from 1986 to 1989. Can. J. Plant Pathol. Nuttall, WE; Ukrainetz, H. 1991. The effect 13:124-130. Kirkland, K.J.; Hunter, J.H. 1991. of time of S application on yield and sulphur Duczek, L.J.; Wildermuth, G.B. 1991. Competitiveness of Canada prairie spring uptake of canola. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Populations of amoebae which feed on wheats with wild oats (Avena fatua L.). Can. Anal. 22:269-281. J. Plant Sci. 71:1089-1092. conidia and hyphae of Bipolaris sorokiniana Pivnick, K.A.; Reed, D.W; Millar, J.G.; in Queensland soils. Aust. Plant Pathol. Malik, N. 1991. Altai wild ryegrass yield Underhill, E.W1991. Attraction of northern 20:81-85. response to herbicides applied during false chinch bug Nysius niger (Heteroptera: Elliott, R.H.; Mann, L.; Spurr, D.T; Sacher, establishment. Can. J. Plant Sci. 71:115-125. Lygaeidae) to mustard oils. J. Chern. Ecol. E.R. 1991. Distribution of dye deposits from Malik, N. 1991. Meadow bromegrass and 17:931-941. a small-plot track sprayer on biological and crested wheatgrass forage yield response to Soroka, J.J.; Mackay, P.A. 1990. Growth of artificial targets. Crop Prot. 10:129-135. herbicides applied during establishment. J. pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) Erlandson, M. 1991. Protease activity Prod. Agric. 4:508-515. (Homoptera: Aphididae), populations on associated with occlusion body preparations Malik, N.; Townley-Smith, L.1991. caged plants of six cultivars of field peas and of an entomopoxvirus from Melanoplus Performance of imazethapyr on pulse crops. the effects of pea aphids on harvest sanguinipes. J. Invertebr. Pathol. Weed Technol. 4:791-798. components of caged field peas. Can. 57:255-263. Entomol. 122:1193-1199. Martin, P.A.; Solomon, K.R.; Forsyth, D.J.; Fredeen, EJ.H.; Mason, P.G. 1991. Boermans, H.1.; Westcott, N.D. 1991. Soroka, J.J.; Mackay, P.A. 1990. Population Meteorological factors influencing Effects of exposure to carbofuran-sprayed growth of the pea aphid,Acyrthosiphon host-seeking activity of female Simulium vegetation on the behavior, cholinesterase pisum (Harris) (Homoptera: Aphididae), luggeri (Diptera: Simuliidae). J. Med. activity and growth of mallard ducklings and plant response to aphid numbers in Entomol. 28:831-840. (Anas platyrhynchos). Environ. Toxicol. commercially grown field peas in Mimitoba. Can. Entomol. 122:1201-1210. Gruber, M.Y.; Glick, B.R.; Thompson, J.E. Chern. 10:901-909. 1991. Escherichia coli-Anacystis nidulans McGregor, D.I. 1990. Application of near Soroka, J.J.; Mackay, P.A. 1991. Antibiosis plasmid shuttle vectors containing the PL infrared to the analysis of oil, protein, and antixenosis to pea aphid (Homoptera: promoter from bacteriophage lambda. Curr. chlorophyll and glucosinolate in Aphididae) in cultivars of field peas. J. Econ. Microbiol. 22:15-19. canola/rapeseed. Pages 221-231 in Shahidi, Entomol. 84:1951-~956. Gusta, L.Y.; O'Connor, B.1.; Reaney, M.1.T E, ed. Canol a and rapeseed production. Taylor, J.L.; Borgmann,!.; Seguin-Swartz, G. 1990. The effect of plant growth regulators Chemistry and processing technology. Van 1991. Electrophoretic karyotyping of on the winter survival of winter wheat. Pages Nostrand Reinhold, New York, N.Y. Leptosphaeria maculans differentiates highly 531-536 in Pharis, R., ed. Plant growth Mir, Z.; Bittman, S.; Townley-Smith, L. virulent from weakly virulent isolates. Curr. substances. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1991. Nutritive value of kochia Kochia Genet. 19:273-277. Germany. scoparia hay or silage grown in a Black soil Van Donkersgoed, J.; van den Hurk, J.Y.; Hinks, C.E; Cheeseman, M.T; Erlandson, zone in northeastern Saskatchewan for McCartney, D.; Harland, R.J. 1991. M.A.; Olfert, 0.; Westcott, N.D. 1991. The sheep. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 71:107-114. Comparative serological responses in calves effects of kochia, wheat and oats on Mir, Z.; Jan, E.Z.; Robertson, J.A.; to eight commercial vaccines against digestive proteinases and the protein McCartney, D.H.; Mir, P.S. 1991. Effects of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, economy of adult grasshoppers, Melanoplus ammoniation of brome-alfalfa and alfalfa parainfluenza-3, bovine respiratory syncytial, sanguinipes. J. Insect Physiol. 37:417-430. hay, stored as large round bales on and bovine viral diarrhea viruses. Can. Vet. J.32:727-733. Hinks, C.E; Spurr, D.T 1991. The efficacy preservation and feed quality. Can. J. Anim. and cost benefits of binary mixtures of Sci. 71:755-765. Walker-Simmons, M.K.; Reaney, M.J.T; deltamethrin combined with other Morris, D.E.; Pivnick, K.A 1991.Earthworm Quarrie, S.A.; et al. 1991. Monoclonal insecticides or synergists against mucus stimulates oviposition in a predatory antibody recognition of abscisic acid grasshoppers at two temperatures. J. Agric. fly (Diptera: Anthomyiidae). J. Chern. Ecol. analogs. Plant Physiol. 95:46-51. Entomol. 8:29-39. 17:2045-2052. Saskatoon 1992 149 SWIFT CURRENT Research Station Station de recherches Research Branch Direction generale de la recherche Agriculture Canada Agriculture Canada Airport Road Chemin de l'aeroport P.O. Box 1030 CP. 1030 Swift Current, Saskatchewan Swift Current (Saskatchewan) S9H 3X2 S9H 3X2 Tel. (306) 713-4621 Tel. Fax (306) 713-9123 Telecopie EM OTIB::EM379MAIL CE. RfeSSional Staff Rsonnel professionnel Director P.A. O'Sullivan, Ph.D. Directeur Administrative Officer G.A. Tower Agent d'administration Support Services Services de recherche Section Head; Technology Transfer Officer G.E. Parker, B.S.A. Chef de section; transfert technologique Systems Manager R.W Luciuk, B.Sc. Gestionnaire des systemes Programmer P.J. Johnson, B.S.A. Programmeur Librarian (seconded in) K.E. Wilton, M.L.S. Bibliothecaire (detache) Chemist G.E. Winkleman, B.Sc. Chimiste Crop Science Phytotechnie Section Head;Wheat breeding J.M. Clarke, Ph.D. Chef de section; amelioration du ble Range and pasture management G.G. Bowes, Ph.D. Conduite des parcours et des paturages Wheat breeding R.M. DePauw, Ph.D. Amelioration du ble Weed-crop ecology D.A. Derksen, Ph.D. Ecologie des mauvaises herbes Cereal pathology M.R. Fernandez, Ph.D. Pathologie des cereales Pasture management N.W Holt, Ph.D. Regie des paturages Grass breeding and physiology P.G. Jefferson, Ph.D. Amelioration et physiologie des graminees Grass breeding G.A. Kielly, Ph.D. Amelioration des herbages Ruminant nutrition J.E. Knipfel, Ph.D. Nutrition des ruminants Cereal pathology R. Knox, M.Sc. Pathologie des cereales Programmer CWB. Lendrum Programmeur Quality physiology T.N. McCaig, Ph.D. Physiologie de la qualite Rye breeding J.G. McLeod, Ph.D. Amelioration du seigle Pasture establishment and physiology J. Waddington, Ph.D. Installation et physiologie des paturages Soil Science Science des sols Section Head; Equipment design F.B. Dyck, M.Sc. Chef de section; conception de I'equipement Soil microbiology V.O. Biederbeck, Ph.D. Microbiologie des sols Soil chemistry and fertility CA. Campbell, Ph.D. Chimie et fertilite des sols Agrometeorology, soil physics H.W Cutforth, Ph.D. Agrometeorologie, physique des sols Weed management in wheat J.H. Hunter, Ph.D. Regie des mauvaises herbes Crop modeling Y.W Jame, Ph.D. Modelisation des cultures Agronomy, cereal G.P. Lafond, Ph.D. Agronomie et cere ales Hydrology B.G. McConkey, M.Sc. Hydrologie Soil fertility F. Selles, Ph.D. Fertilite des sols Subsurface hydrology, salinity H. Steppuhn, Ph.D. Hydrologie et salinite des eaux souterraines Energy, equipment design M.A. Stumborg, M.Sc.(Eng.) Energie, conception de I'equipement Economics R.P. Zentner, Ph.D. Economique 150 Swift Current 1992 Indian Head Indian Head. Experimental Farm Ferme experiinentale Research Branch Direction generale de la recherche Agriculture Canada Agriculture Canada P.O. Box 760 C.P.760 Indian Head, Saskatchewan Indian Head (Saskatchewan) SOG2KO SOG 2KO Tel. (306) 695-2274 Tel. Fax (306) 695-3445 Telecopie EM OTTB::EM379MAIL c.E. Officer in Charge D.T. Gehl, M.Sc. Agent responsable Mndate The Swift Current Research Station focuses DT369 is a semidwarf line with high yield nitrogen (N) concentration of thewhe~t on the semiarid regions of the southern potential. Now available to durum breeders straw and grain to a level greater than that prairies by these lines are expected to contribute to ' of various monoculture wheat rotations that • breeding wheat, rye, and forage crops improved industry returns through lower per were also fertilized based on soil test. These • developing management systems for range unit production costs. results show that in spite of the large amount and pasture lands .Forage Annual variation inwinterhard'iness of N harvested in lentil grain, the crop, when • developing soil conservation and crop of alfalfa can be attributed to environmental grown regularly such as in a 2-year rotation management systems. conditions during the fall as well as to on producers fields, will in time enhance the minimum low temperatures during the N supplying power of the soil, thereby The Indian Head Experimental Farm winter. Research results show that fall reducing fertilizer N require.ments. There increases and distributes seed after the management of alfalfa is a complex problem was little evidence of nitrate (N03) leaching registration of new crop cultivars. It is also involving genetics, environment, and fall from this system, which makes it promising responsible for cultivar verification and the harvest date, as well as agronomic practices for use in sustainable agriculture. maintenance of breeder seed. and their interactions, which to some degree The Zero- Tillage Manual and the Achievements affect the sensitivity of an alfalfa stand to fall proceedings of the intermitional workshop, harvest management. Conservation Tillage for Subtropical Areas, Cereals AC Taber, a red Canada prairie draw together the current state of spring wheat, was registered in 1991. The Grazing research started in 1986 shows knowledge about zero tillage production improved disease resistance of AC Taber that forage intake of animals grazing practices in southern Brazil. These especially to common bunt, is expected t~ nitrogen-fertilized pastures may be indirectly publications resulted from the Canada- reduce producer input costs by eliminating subject to the effect of soil N (nitrogen) Brazil zero tillage project sponsored by the the cost of treating seed. In addition, the fertility on dry-matter digestibility (DMD). Canadian International Development improved grain quality of AC Taber is Forage intake of steers was 1.52% and Agency (CIDA). The proceedings are a expected to enhance Canada's competitive 2.33% of body weight when forage DMD major reference for scientists studying the position in export markets. was 48% and 62%, respectively. Pasture stocking levels for steers grazing Russian effects of tillage management systems on soil Breeding to develop new cultivars for wild ryegrass may be set from these intake erosion, crop rotations, soil fertility, weeds, the Canada Rye Class is incorporating measurements plus an allowance for diseases, crop pests, engineering and semi-dwarfness into adapted genetic carryover forage. equipment needs, and economics. backgrounds, a trait not found in currently A new cassette seeder designed for available commercial cultivars. The release Sod-seeding of alfalfa into a heavily research incorporates several unique design of such a cultivar is expected to lead to grazed bluegrass-dominated pasture was features, including winter wheat reduced production costs, reduced lodging, studied with and without suppression of the interseeding, variable row spacings, two sizes and better quality. The antinutritional resident vegetation. Alfalfa establishment of cassette tray, integral seed opener and quality of rye as a livestock feed is being and yield was better when glyphosate packer assemblies, and row or hill planting. addressed through cooperative work by suppressed the resident vegetation. Without The cassette system greatly increases investigating the water soluble pentosans of suppression, alfalfa establishment was seeding rate and reduces field time. the grain. A publication entitled Fall Rye satisfactory and after 4 years was as Reference Manual, which describes the profitable as sod-seeding with glyphosate. A long-term study has shown that short production, marketjng, and utilization of fall Low cost sod-seeding of alfalfa using no crop rotations negatively affect soil quality rye, makes the most current information suppression may be a viable option for by increasing organic matter loss, lowering available to producers. improving pastures. microbial activity, and reducing the nitrogen supplying power of the soil. Soil erodability Two Canada western amber durum Soil management and conservation Grain is also increased. Reducing fallow frequency lines were registered as germplasm this year. lentil grown in a 2-year rotation with spring by increasing rotation length, combined with DT367 has a very high yield potential, and wheat over a 12-year period increased the Swift Current 1992 151 correct fertilization and proper stubble culturales. L'equipe de la ferme s'occupe Les travaux de recherche entrepris en management, maintains or increases the egalement de la verification des varietes et 1986 montrent que I'assimilation de productivity of the soil. de la conservation de la semence de fourrages par des animaux mis dans des I'obtenteur. pliturages fertilises a I'azote peut subir Water and climate Excessive sodium in soil I'influence indirecte de la fertilite azotee du leads to many difficulties, one of which is the Realisations phosphorus balance in soils. A large sodium sol sur la digestibilite de la matiere seche. content in the absence of elevated Cereales L'AC Taber, ble roux de L'ingestion de fourrage par les bouvillons s'elevait a 1,52 et a 2,33 % de poids d'animal electrolyte concentrations was shown to printemps des Prairies canadiennes, a ete bring additional phosphorus into soil homologue en 1991. On espere que Ie fait lorsque la digestibilite de la matiere seche du fourrage etait respectivement de 48 et de solution. Soil-testing laboratories may d'avoir rendu ce ble plus resistant aux inadvertently cal1for excessive phosphate maladies, notamment a la carie commune, 62 %. La densite relative du materiel sur fertilizer unless they adjust for this r6duira Ie cout des intrants du fait qu'il ne pied des paturages pour les bouvil1ons alimentes en elyme de Russie p,eut etre fixee phenomenon to avoid negative economic sera plus necessaire de traiter les semences. and environmental impact. De plus, Ie grain du I'AC Taber, a cause de aces valeurs, plus une correction en sa qualite superieure, renforcera la position fourrage exc6dentaire. Resources concurrentiel1e du Canada sur les marches La pose de plaques de luzerne dans un The Swift Current Research Station d'exportation. pliturage soumis a un broutage intense et ou . headquarters is a modern administration La selection de nouveaux cultivars de domine Ie pliturin a ete etudiee, avec and laboratory building that includes growth seigle de la categorie Canada vise a l'option de la suppression ou non de la rooms and greenhouses. Additional combiner a des materiels genetiques vegetation en place. L'etablissement et Ie laboratory and service areas are housed in adaptes, Ie demi-nanisme, caractere que I'on rendement de la luzerne ont ete ameliores old buildings converted for current ne trouve pas chez les cultivars actuel1ement lorsque Ie glyphosate a supprirne la requirements. Other major buildings include dans Ie commerce. La mise au commerce vegetation en place. Sans suppression, a metabolism barn for studying ruminant d'un tel cultivar pourrait abaisser les couts l'etablissement de la luzerne a cependant ete livestock feed utilization, a wel1-equipped de production, reduire la verse et ameliorer satisfaisant, et, apres 4 annees:, l'operation laboratory for designing machinery, and a la qualite. Le caractere antinutritionnel du avait donne d'aussi bons resultats que Ie machine shop. A crop services building is seigle comme aliment du betail fait l'objet placage accompagne du traitement au under construction, which will reduce energy d'etudes en col1aboration qui portent sur les glyphosate. Le placage de la luzerne a faible cost and improve research efficiency. pentosanes hydrosolubles du grain. Vne cout, sans suppression de la vegetation, peut constituer une option viable pour The station is located on 900 ha of land publication intitulee, Fall Rye Reference l'amelioration des pliturages. used for research plots, pasture studies, and Manual, sur la production, la commercialisation et I'utilisation du seigle grounds service area. Gestion et conservation des sols La culture d'automne constitue pour les producteurs la en rotation de 2 ans de la lentille alimentaire Responsibility for administering the source de renseignements la plus recente. avec du ble de printemps sur nne periode de Indian Head Experimental Farm was 12 ans a permis d'accroitre la concentration transferred to the Swift Current Research Deux lignees de ble dur ambre de d'azote dans la paille et Ie grain de ble a un Station in April. It is located 70 km east of I'Ouest canadien ont ete homologuees taux superieur a celui de diveJrsesrotations Regina on the eastern edge of the town of comme materiel genetique cette annee. Le monoculturales de ble qui ont egalement ete Indian Head. It occupies 490 ha of clay loam DT367 posse de une forte capacite de tres fertilisees d'apres les resultats des analyses soil in the Black soil zone. haut rendement, tandis que Ie DT369, lignee demi-naine, possede un potentiel de des sols. Ainsi, malgre la forte quantite The total staff comprises 129 person- rendement eleve. Maintenant mises a la d'azote recoltee dans Ie grain de lentille, la years, including 30 professionals. disposition des selectionneurs de ble dur, ces culture, lorsqu'elle se pratique regulierement lignees devraient contribuer a ameliorer la comme en rotation de 2 ans, lenchamps de • rentabilite du secteur grace a I'abaissement production, finit par ameliorer Ie pouvoir des couts unitaires de production. nitrifiant du sol, ce qui r6duit d'autant les Mndat besoins de fertilisation en azote. Ce mode Cultures fourrageres Les variations d'exploitation montre peu de signes de Les travaux de la Station de recherches de annuel1es de la rusticite hivernale de la lessivage des nitrates (N03); ce qui Ie rend Swift Current visent principalement les luzerne peuvent etre attribuees aux prometteur pour I'agriculture durable. regions semi-arides de la region meridionale conditions automnales du milieu de meme des Prairies et portent sur qu'aux minimums de temperature hivernale. Le guide de la culture sans labour et les • l'amelioration du ble, du seigle et des Les travaux de recherche montrent que la comptes rendus de l'atelier international des cultures fourrageres conduite automnale de la luzerne pose un methodes culturales de conslervation du sol • l'elaboration de systemes de gestion des probleme complexe qui trouve des solutions pour les regions subtropicales reunissent les parcours naturels et des paturages en genetique, en ecologie, dans la date de connaissances actuelles sur ks pratiques d'ensemencement sans labour dans Ie sud du • I'elaboration de systemes de conservation recolte automnale de meme que dans les Bresil. Ces publications ont ISteproduites des sols et de gestion des cultures. pratiques agronomiques et leurs interactions qui, a un certain degre, influent sur la dans Ie cadre du projet Canada-Bresil de La Ferm~ experimentale de Indian vulnerabilite d'une luzerniere a la conduite semis sans labour parraine par I'ACDI. Les Head distribue des semences a la suite de de la recolte automnale. comptes rendus constituent une source I'homologation de nouvelles varietes 152 swm Current 1992 importante de reference pour les la conception de la machinerie et un atelier. potential rate of N mineralization in a thin scientifiques qui etudient les effets des Un entrep6t de cultures en cours de Black Chernozem. Can. J. Soil Sci. 71:43-53. systemes de conduite des labours sur construction permettra de reduire les couts Campbell, C.A; LaFond, G.P.; Zentner, l'erosion du sol, la rotation des cultures, la d'energie et d'ameliorer I'efficacite de la R.P.; Biederbeck, V.O. 1991. Influence of fertilite du sol, les mauvaises herbes, les recherche. fertilizer and straw baling on soil organic maladies, les ravageurs des cultures, les La station occupe 900 ha subdivises en matter in a thin Black Chernozem in western besoins en ingenierie et en materiel ainsi parcelles experimentales ou utilises pour Canada. Soil BioI. Biochem. 23:443-446. que les facteurs economiques. I'etude des pflturages et comme section des Campbell, CA.; Nuttall, w.; Ukrainetz, H.; Un nouveau semoir a cassettes, con<;u services. Selles, F.;Wright, T. 1991. Effect of nitrogen pour la recherche, possede plusieurs La responsabilite de I'administration de source, placement and time of application caracteristiques uniques, y compris : la Ferme experimentale de Indian Head a on winter wheat production in I'ensemencement du ble d'hiver en culture ete transferee a la Station de recherches de Saskatchewan. Can. J. Soil Sci. 71:177-187. intercalaire, la variabilite de I'espacement Swift Current en avril. Elle est situee a 70 entre les lignes, deux grosseurs de plateau de Campbell, C.A; Schnitzer, M.; Lafond, G.P.; km a I'est de Regina a I'extremite est de la Zentner, R.P.; Knipfel, J.E. 1991. cassettes, des organes integres d'ouverture et ville de Indian Head. D'une superficie de d'enterrage et la plantation en lignes ou en Thirty-year crop rotations and management 490 ha, cette ferme presente un sollimoneux practices effects on soil and amino nitrogen. poquets. Le systeme de cassettes augmente argileux dans la zone de sol noir. beaucoup la vitesse d'ensemencement et Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 55:739-745. reduit la duree de travail au champ. On dispose de 129 annees-personnes et Campbell, C.A; Selles, F.; Zentner, R.P.; on emploie 30 professionnels. Une etude a long terme a montre que McLeod, J.G.; Dyck, F.B. 1991. Effect of les rotations culturales courtes influaient seeding date, rate and depth on winter wheat . negativement sur la qualite du sol par • grown on conventional fallow in S.w. augmentation des pertes de matiere Saskatchewan. Can. J. Plant Sci. 71:51-61. ResearCh Publications organique, abaissement de l'activite Publications de recherche Clarke, J.M.; Richards, R.A; Condon, AG. microbienne et reduction du pouvoir 1991. Effect of drought stress on residual nitrifiant du sol. De plus, Ie sol est davantage Bittman, S.; Waddington, J.; McCartney, transpiration and its relationship with water. expose a l'erosion. En reduisant la frequence D.H. 1991.Performance of alfalfa genotypes use of wheat. Can. J. Plant Sci. 71:695-702. de la jachere par l'augmentation de la grown in mixture with smooth bromegrass as Clarke, J.M.; Romagosa, I.; DePauw, R.M. longueur de la rotation, de meme que par affected by management. Can. J. Plant Sci. 1991.Screening durum wheat germplasm for I'emploi des bons regimes de fumure et par 71:1029-1037. dry growing conditions: Morphological and une bonne gestion des chaumes, on Blackshaw, R.E.; Derksen, D.A; Muendel, physiological criteria. Crop Sci. 31:770-775. maintient ou on accroit l'activite dusol. N.N. 1990. Herbicide combinations for Cohen, R.D.H.; Kernan, J.A; Cruise, K.A; Hydrologie et climatologie La presence post-emergent weed control in safflower Coxworth, E.c.; Knipfel, J. 1991. The effect excessive de sodium dans Ie sol aboutit de Carthamus tinctorius. Weed Technol. a of ammoniation on the nutritive value of tall nombreux problemes, dont I'un est 4:97-104. wheatgrass. Can. J. Plant. Sci. 71:867-870. I'equilibre du phosphore dans les sols. On a Blackshaw, R.E.; Derksen, D.A; Muendel, constate que les teneurs elevees en sodium, N.N. 1990. Herbicides for weed control in DePauw, R.M.; McCaig, T.N. 1991. en l'absence de concentrations elevees safflower Carthamus tinctorius. Can. J. Plant. Components of variation, heritabilities and d'electrolytes, font passer davantage de Sci. 70:237-245. correlations for indices of sprouting phosphore dans la solution de sol. Les tolerance and seed dormancy in Triticum Bowes, G.G. 1991. Long-term control of spp. Euphytica 52:221-229. laboratoires d'essai des sols peuvent, par aspen poplar and western snowberry with inadvertance, preconiser une phosphatation dicamba and 2,4-D. Can. J. Plant Sci. DePauw, R.M.; Preston, K.R.; excessive des sols a moins qu'ils ne prennent 71:1121-1131. Townley-Smith, T.F.;et al. 1991. Biggar red soin d'eviter ce phenomene, ce qui spring wheat. Can. J. Plant Sci. 71:519-522. permettrait de reduire les repercussions Campbell, C.A; Biederbeck, V.O.; Zentner, Douglas, D.W.; Thomas, AG.; Peschken, economiques et ecologiques negatives. R.P.; Lafond, G.P. 1991. Effect of crop rotations and cultural practices on soil D.P.; Bowes, G.G.; Derksen, D.A 1991. Ressources organic matter, microbial biomass, and Effects of summer and winter annual scentless chamomile Matricaria perforata L'administration centrale de la Station de respiration in a thin black Chernozem. Can. Merat interference on spring wheat yield. recherches de Swift Current se trouve dans J. Soil Sci. 71:363-376. Can. J. Plant Sci. 71:841-850. un immeuble moderne qui renferme a la fois Campbell, C.A; Bowren, K.E.; Schnitzer, les laboratoires, les serres et les chambres de M.; Zentner, R.P.; Townley-Smith, L. 1991. Grant, C.A; Gauer, L.E.; Gehl, D.T.; Bailey, croissance. D'autres laboratoires et services Effect of crop rotations and fertilization on L.D. 1991. Protein production and nitrogen se trouvent dans de vieux immeubles soil organic matter and some biochemical utilization by barley cultivars in response to amenages pour les besoins actuels. Parmi les properties of a thick Black Chernozem. Can. nitrogen fertilizer under varying moisture autres constructions importantes, on J. Soil. Sci. 71:377-387. conditions. Can. J. Plant Sci. 71:997-1009. retrouve un bfltiment a metabolisme ou l'on Campbell, C.A; LaFond, G.P.; Leyshon, Grant, CA.; Gauer, L.E.; Gehl, D.T.; Bailey, etudie I'utilisation du fourrage par les AJ.; Zentner, R.P.; Janzen, H.H. 1991. L.D. 1991. Yield response of semidwarf and ruminants, un laboratoire bien equipe pour Effect of cropping practices on the initial conventional height barley cultivars to Swift Current 1992 153 nitrogen fertilizer under varying moisture precipitation on the yield of bromegrass and conditions. Can. J. Plant Sci. 71:361-371. alfalfa pasture established on a luvisolic soil. Green, D.G.; Knipfel, J.E.; Kernan, J.A.; Can. J. Plant Sci. 71:1047-1055 Coxworth, E.C.M. 1990. Nutritional Selles, F.; Zentner, R.P.; Campbell, C.A; characteristics of Kochia scoparia from Read, D.WL. 1990. Use of fertilization in Texas, Colorado and Saskatchewan. Plant the determination of spring wheat genotype Physiol. (Life Science Advances) 9:27-30. stability: J. Plant Nutr. 14:485-498. . Harker, K.N.; O'Sullivan, P.A. 1991. Effect Smith, A.E.; Hume, L.; Lafond, G.P.; of imazamethabenz on green foxtail, tartary Biederbeck, V.O. 1991. A review of the buckwheat and wild oats at different growth effects of long-term 2,4-D and MCPA stages. Can. J. Plant Sci. 71:821-829. applications on wheat production and Holt, N.W; Zentner, R.P.; Lawrence, T.; selected biochemical properties of a Black Kilcher, M.R.; Peters, H. 1991. ~ffect of Chernozem. Can. J. Soil Sci. 71:73-87. nitrogen fertilizer on beef production and Tessier, S.; Hyde, G.M.; Papendick, R.I.; forage quality of Russian wildrye. Can. J. Saxton, K.E. 1991. No-till seeders effects on Anim. Sci. 71:833-843. seed zone properties and wheat emergence. Hume, L.; Tessier, S.; Dyck, F.B. 1990. Am. Trans. ASAE 34(3):733-739. Tillage and rotation influences on weed Tessier, S.; Saxton, K.E.; Papendick, R.I.; community composition in wheat Triticum Hyde, G.M. 1991. Zero-tillage furrow aestivum L. in southwestern Saskatchewan. opener effects on seed environment and Can. J. Plant Sci. 71:783-789. wheat emergence. Soil & Tillage Res. Kirkland, K.J.; Hunter, J.H. 1991. 21:347-360. Competitiveness of Canada prairie spring Woo, S.L.; Thomas, A.G.; Peschken, D.P.; et wheats with wild oat Avena fatua L. Can. J. al. 1991. The biology of Canadian weeds. 99. Plant Sci. 71:1089-1093. Matricaria peiforata Mirat Asteraceae. Can Lawrence, T.; Ratzlaff, C.D.; Jefferson, P.G. J. Plant Sci. 71:1101-1121. 1990. Emergence of several Triticeae range Yang, R.-C.; Jana,S.; Clarke, J.M. 1991. grasses influenced by depth of seed Phenotypic diversity and associations of placement. J. Range Manage. 44:186-187. some potentially drought-responsive Lawrence, T.; Jefferson, P.G.; Ratzlaff, C.D. characters in durum wheat. Crop Sci. 1991. Eejay Altai wild ryegrass. Can. J. Plant 31:1484-1491. Sci. 71:551-553. Zentner, R.P.; Bowes, G.G. 1991.Economics Lawrence, T.; Jefferson, P.G.; Ratzlaff, C.D. of chemical brush control in pastures of 1991. Pearl Altai wild ryegrass. Can. J. Plant east-central Saskatchewan. Can. J. Plant Sci. Sci. 71:547-549. 71:1133-1143. McCaig, T.N.; Romagosa, I. 1991. Water Zentner, R.P.; Tessier, S.; Peru, M.; Dyck, status measurements of excised wheat F.B.; Campbell, c.A. 1991. Economics of leaves: effects of position and age. Crop Sci. tillage systems for spring wheat production 31:1583-1588. in southwestern Saskatchewan (Canada). Soil & Tillage Res. 21:225-242. McLeod, J.G.; Townley-Smith, T.F.; DePauw, R.M.; et al. 1991. Registration of DT367 high yielding durum germ plasm. Crop Sci. 31:1391. McLeod, J.G.; Townley-Smith, T.F.; DePauw, R.M.; et al. 1991. Registration of DT369 high yielding, semidwarf durum germplasm. Crop Sci. 31:1717. McLeod, J.G.; Townley-Smith, T.F.; DePauw, R.M.; et al. 1991. Registration of Frank spring triticale. Crop Sci. 31:490. McLeod, J.G.; Townley-Smith, T.F.; DePauw, R.M.; et al. 1991. Registration of Kyle durum wheat. Crop Sci. 31:236-237. Nuttall, WF.; McCartney, D.H.; Bittman, S.; Horton, P.R.; Waddington, J. 1991. The effect of N P S fertilizer, temperature, and 154 swm Current 1992 BEAVERLODGE Research Station Station de recherches Research Branch Direction generale de la recherche Agriculture Canada Agriculture Canada P.O. Box 29 CP. 29 Beaverlodge, Alberta Beaverlodge (Alberta) TOHOCO TOHOCO Tel. (403) 354-2212 Tel. Fax (403) 354-8171 Telecopie EM OTTB::EM380MAIL CE. Internet EM380MAIL Internet @ABRSBL.AGR.CA Rfess/onal Staff R,sonnel profess/onnel Director J.D. McElgunn, Ph.D. Directeur Administrative Officer A. Newell Agent d'administration Computer Systems Manager B.N. Quick Gestionnaire des systemes informatiques Scientific Support Soutien scientifique Librarian (seconded in) L.S. Christiansen, M.L.S. Bibliothecaire (detache) Cereal and Oilseed Crops Cereales et oleagineux Section Head; Barley breeding R.1. Wolfe, Ph.D. Chef de section; amelioration de I'orge Wheat breeding P.J. Clarke, B.Sc. Amelioration du ble Canol a breeding G.R. Stringam, Ph.D. Amelioration du colza canola Canol a breeding D.L. Woods, Ph.D. Amelioration du colza canol a Environment and Soils Environnement et sols Section Head; Microbiology w.A. Rice, Ph.D. Chef de section; microbiologie Soil physics M.A. Arshad, Ph.D. Physique des sols Weed control A.L. Darwent, Ph.D. Lutte contre les mauvaises herbes Plant pathology J.G.N. Davidson, Ph.D. Phytopathologie Micrometeorology P.E Mills, B.A. Micrometeorologie Soil chemistry Y.K. Soon, Ph.D. Chimie des sols Forage Crops and Apiculture Cultures fourrageres et apiculture Section Head; Apiculture D.L. Nelson, Ph.D. Chef de section; apiculture Legume seed production D.T. Fairey, Ph.D. Physiologie des graines de legumineuses Grass seed production N.A. Fairey, Ph.D. Production des semences de graminees Apiculture pathology T.P.Liu, Ph.D. Pathologie des abeilles Apiculture (seconded out) T.1.Szabo, Ph.D. Apiculture (prete a la Direction) Fort Vermilion Fort Vermilion Experimental Farm Ferme experimentale Research Branch Direction generale de la recherche Agriculture Canada Agriculture Canada P.O. Box 126 B.P. 126 Fort Vermilion, Alberta Fort Vermilion (Alberta) TOH INO TOH INO Tel. (403) 927-3253 TeL Fax (403) 927-3330 Telecopie EM OTTB::EM380MAIL CE. Crop production; Officer in Charge G.w. Clayton, Ph.D. Agent responsable; production vegetale Beaverlodge 1992 155 Mndate The Beaverlodge Research Station develops companion crops of barley, oats, and canola. La Ferme experimentale dl~Fort soil and crop production systems for The seed yield of these forage seeds was not Vermilion elabore des systemes de gestion Canada's northern agricultural region with reduced with oats but was reduced with de culture d'oleagineux, de cereales et de emphasis on canol a and barley in the 1st year. Fertilizing 1'1antes fourrageres. • cereal grains a forage crop with nitrogen resulted in high .oilseeds yields of barley following plow down of the Realisations • forage seed production. forage. Apiculture Le traitement au menthol The station has breeding programs in Seed yields using the newer tall fescue applique aux abeilles domestiques pour canola, wheat, barley, and honey bees. cultivars compared favorably with yields chasser I'acarien a fait passer Ie taux d'infestation des colonies non traitees de The Fort Vermilion Experimental Farm reported for Oregon and were much higher than those reported in nine other states. 25 a 1 % et n'a pas laisse de residus dans Ie develops crop management systems for miel. La frequence de recolte du miel et oilseed, cereal, and forage crops. Growing tall fescue in the Peace River region would diversify the crops used for I'age des reines influencent la production de Achievements export seed production such as fescue and miel. Ainsi, des resultats superieurs sont brome. obtenus lorsque la recolte est effectuee deux Apiculture Menthol treatment reduced the fois par annee et lorsque la reine n'est agee mite level of honey bees to 1% from 25% Cereals and oilseeds Barley grain yields que d'un an. infestation on untreated colonies and did not were higher following perennial and biennial leave residues in the honey. The frequency legumes, annual green manure legumes, Environnement et sols Des anticorps of honey removal and the age of queens grain legumes, and fallow than following monoclonaux hautement specifiques qui affected honey production. Better yields barley. Grain yields following green manure reagissent specifiquement a certains groupes were obtained when honey was removed legumes equaled yield on fallow. ont ete crees pour etre diriges contre divers twice and when the queen was 1 year old. isolats de deux groupes de Rhizobium qui Resources forment des nodosites sur la luzerne et Ie Environment and soils Highly specific The Bc;:averlodgeResearch Station has a trefle. On a decouvert une fa<;onefficace monoclonal antibodies were developed d'observer et de deceler une souche de against various isolates of two groups of total staff of 50, with 16 research professionals. The station controls 390 ha of Rhizobium meliloti (Dangeard) selectionnee rhizobia that nodulate alfalfa and clover. An pour sa capacite de former des nodosites et effective means was found to monitor and land at two sites and rents about 10 ha of land per year for research purposes. de fixer I'azote a basse temperature. Cette detect a strain of Rhizobium meliloti souche possede un bon potentiel commercial (Dangeard) selected for its nodulating and The Fort Vermilion Experimental Farm, pour la mise en valeur des inoculums de la nitrogen-fixing capabilities at low which reports to Beaverlodge, has 187 ha of luzerne. Des analyses d'echantillons de sol temperatures. This strain has potential for land and a staff of seven, including one preleves a 29 endroits differents dans la commercial use for alfalfa inoculants. scientist. region de la riviere de la Paix ont montre la Analysis of soil from 29 locations in the The station has an 12-person research presence de bacilles du genre Rhizobium qui Peace River region showed the presence of station advisory committee consisting of n'etaient que partiellement efficaces ou qui rhizobia that were only partly effective or farmers and provincial and university etaient totalement inefficaces pour la completely ineffective in nodulating lentil leaders. The station supplements its formation de nodosites chez la lentille et la and chickling vetch. Seed of these crops, as resources by receiving funds from outside gesse cultivee. Les graines de ces cultures, well as other crops, such as peas, which are agencies, including the provinces, producer aussi bien que celles d'autres cultures, nodulated by the same species of Rhizobium, groups, and agri-business. comme Ie pois, chez lesquelles des nodosites must be inoculated. Experiments were sont formees par la meme espece de conducted to compare the effect of no tillage Rhizobium, doivent etre inoculees. Par versus conventional tillage on soil moisture • ailleurs, on a compare Ia technique du semis and barley yield. The no-tillage treatment Mndat direct avec celie du travail c1assique de la had higher moisture throughout the growing terre pour en evaluer les effets sur season, which was reflected in higher grain La Station de recherches de Beaverlodge I'humidite du sol et sur les rendements en yield. An easy and accurate computerized elabore des systemes de conservation des orge. On a decouvert que Ie semis direct climate classification system for use in sols et de production de cultures dans la permettait de maintenir un degre d'humidite region agricole septentrionale du Canada et Alberta was developed. The new system is plus eleve tout au long de la saison de met principalement I'accent sur les cultures far more comprehensive than anything else croissance et donnait ainsi un meilleur currently available. suivantes: rendement en grains. On a mis au point un • cereales Forages Yearly seed production was systeme informatique de classification des • oleagineux studied in relation to age of the stand of c1imats, simple et precis, pour I'Alberta. Le • semences des 1'1antes fourrageres. alfalfa and sainfoin. The first seed crop systeme est beaucoup plus complet que tout produced the highest yield, with a progressive La station met en oeuvre des autre systeme actuellement en exploitation. programmes d'amelioration genetique du decline in each subsequent year. Economics Plantes fourrageres On a etudie la dictate fewer seed harvests before a stand is canol a, du ble, de I'orge et des abeilles production annuelle de graines chez la plowed up. Alfalfa, alsike clover, and red domestiques. clover were seeded in alternate rows with 156 Bea'verlodge 1992 luzerne et Ie sainfoin en fonction de l'age du et les autorites universitaires et provinciales. Malhi, S.S.; Nyborg, M.; Kryzanowski, L.; peuplement. La premiere recolte a ete la La station beneficie de fonds exterieurs Gill, K.S.; Arshad, M.A. 1991. Changes in plus productive tandis que, au cours de provenant des provinces, des groupes de extractable P between fall and spring in chacune des annees subsequentes, on a producteurs et des negociants agricoles. some Alberta soils. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant assiste a une diminution progressive du Anal. 22:(13 and 14) 1439-1446. rendement. Des considerations economiques Olsen, P.E.; Rice, w.A. 1991. Use of obligent les producteurs diminuer Ie • a monoclonal antibodies in a colony nombre de recoltes d'un meme peuplement liresearchPublicauons immunoblot analysis of viable Rhizobium et rapprocher les peri odes de labourage. a Publications de recherche cell numbers in legume inoculants and on On a cultive en rangees alternees de la Darwent, A.L.; Smith, J.H.; Letkovitch, L.P. pre inoculated seed. Can. J. Microbiol. luzerne, du trefle hybride et du trefle rouge 1991. Control of volunteer alsike clover in 37:430-432. avec des culture-abris d'orge, d'avoine et de timothy grown for seed. Can. J. Plant Sci. Soon, Y.K. 1991. Solubility and retention of canola. Le rendement en semences 71:555-559. fourrageres n'a pas ete reduit lorsque les phosphate in soils of the northwestern cultures etaient associees a l'avoine. Par Fairey, N.A. 1991. Effects of nitrogen Canadian Prairie. Can. J. Soil Sci. contre, la production a ete plus faible la Ire fertilizer, cutting frequency, and companion 71:453-463. legume on herbage production and quality annee lorsque les cultures etaient melangees Soon, Y.K.; Abboud, S. 1991. A comparison of four grasses. Can. J. Plant Sci. au canola et a l'orge. La fertilisation azotee of some methods for soil organic carbon 71:717-725. d'une culture fourragere a produit, l'annee determination. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant suivant l'enfouissement de cette derniere, Fairey, D.T.; Letkovitch, L.P. 1991. Anal. 22:943-954. des rendements eleves en orge. Establishing perennial legume seed stands Le rendement en semences de with annual companion crops. J. Appl. Seed quelques-uns des plus recents cultivars de Prod. 9:49-54. fetuque elevee a depasse celui des cultures Fairey, D.T.; Letkovitch L.P. 1991. faites en Oregon et a ete beaucoup plus Hard-seed content of alfalfa grown in eleve que celui de cultures faites dans neuf Canada. Can. J. Plant Sci. 71:437-444. autres :Btats americains. La culture de la Liu, T.P.1990. The release of Nosema apis fetuque elevee dans la region de la riviere de spores from the epithelium of honey bee la Paix permettrait de diversifier les cultures midgut. J. Apic. Res. 29:221-229. destinees a la production de semences d'exportation telles que la fetuque et Ie Liu, T.P.1990. Ultrastructural changes in brome. Nosema apis within the midgut of honeybees exposed to antiprotozoal drugs.in vitro. J. Cereales et oleagineux Le rendement en Apic. Res. 29:159-164. grains d'orge etait plus eleve lorsque la culture de cette cereale suivait celle de Liu, T.P.1990. Ultrastructure of the flight legumineuses vivaces et bisannuelles, de muscle of worker honey bees heavily legumineuses annuelles utilisees comme infested by the tracheal mite Acarapis woodi. engrais vert, de legumineuses a graines et Apidologie 21:537-540. d'une periode de jachere que lorsqu'elle Liu, T.P.;Batchelor, T.A.; Munn, R.J.; suivait la culture de l'orge. Le rendement en Marston, J.M.; Judson, c.L. 1990. The grains de la culture suivant celle des effects of low doses of gamma irradiation on legumineuses utilisees comme engrais vert the ultrastructure of Nosema apis in vitro. J. egalait Ie rendement de la culture suivant la Apic. Res. 29:165-171. jachere. Liu, T.P.;Peng, C.Y.S.; Mussen, E.C.; Ressources Marston, J.M.; Munn, R.J. 1990. Ultrastructure of the freeze etched spore of L'effectif de la Station de recherches de Ascosphaera apis, an entomopathogenic Beaverlodge compte 50 personnes dont fungus of the honey bee Apis mellifera L. J. 16 chercheurs professionnels. La station Invertebr. Pathol. 57:371-379. administre 390 hectares repartis sur deux sites. De plus, elle loue chaque annee Liu, T.P.1991. Virus-like particles in the environ 10ha pour effectuer des recherches. tracheal mite Acarapis woodi (Rennie). Apidologie 22:213-219. La Ferme experimentale de Fort Vermilion releve de la Station de recherches Liu, T.P.;Peng, c.Y.S.; Mussen, E.C.; de Beaverlodge. Elle requiert les services de Marston, J.M.; Munn, R.J. 1991. In vitro 7 personnes, dont un chercheur, et s'etend activity of 15-azasterol (A25822B) against sur 187 ha. chalkbrood pathogen Ascosphaera apis in the honey bee. Mycopathologia La station a un comite consultatifforme 115:175-184. . de 12 membres representant les producteurs Beaverlodge 1992 157 LACOMBE Research Station Station de recherches Research Branch Direction generale de la recherche Agriculture Canada Agriculuture Canada Bag Service 5000 Sac postal 5000 58th St. at the C & E Trail 58e Rue et C & E Trail Lacombe, Alberta Lacombe (Alberta) TOC ISO TOC ISO Tel. (403) 782-3316 Tel. Fax (403) 782-6120 Telecopie EM OTIB::EM385MAIL CE. RfeSSional Staff R,sonnel professionnel Director J.F.CA. Pantekoek, D.V.M., Ph.D. Directeur Administrative Officer D.D. Jones Agente d'administration Scientific Support Soutien scientifique Systems and Programming Manager L.R. Fobert Gestionnaire des systemes et du service de programmation Librarian (seconded in) D.A. Anderson, M.L.S. Bibliothecaire (detache) Information Officer E.A. de St. Remy, Ph.D. Agent d'information Red Meat Research Recherche en viandes rouges Section Head; Carcass evaluation S.D. Morgan Jones, Ph.D. Chef de section; evaluation des carcasses Beef quality J.L. Aalhus, Ph.D. Qualite de la viande de breuf Meat hygiene and preservation CO. Gill, Ph.D. Salubrite de la viande et preservation Meat microbiology G.O. Greer, Ph.D. Microbiologie de la viande Food technology L.E. Jeremiah, Ph.D. Technologie alimentaire Food-processing engineer D.S. McGinnis, M.Sc. Genie-transformation des al:iments Meat biochemistry A.C Murray, Ph.D. Biochimie de la viande Swine production A.P. Sather, Ph.D. Production de porcs Animal physiology, growth, A.L. Schaefer, Ph.D. Physiologie de la croissance et du and behavior comportement des animaux Statistics A.K.w. Tong, Ph.D. Statistique Plant and Soil Science Phytologie et science des sols Section Head; Plant pathology P.A. Burnett, Ph.D. Chef de section; pathologie des plantes Forage physiology V.S.Baron, Ph.D Physiologie des plantes fourrageres Weed physiology K.N. Harker, Ph.D. Physiologie des mauvaises herbes Oat breeding S. Kibite, Ph.D. Amelioration de l'avoine Soil fertility S.S. Malhi, Ph.D. Fertilite des sols Crop physiology J.S. Taylor, Ph.D. Physiologie des piantes cultivees Vegreville Vegreville Experimental Farm Ferme experimentale Research Branch Direction generale de la recherche Agriculture Canada Agriculture Canada P.O. Box 1408 CP.1408 Vegreville, Alberta Vegreville (Alberta) TOB4LO TOB4LO Tel. (403) 632-3985 Tel. Fax (403) 632-3666 Telecopie EM nil CE. Superintendent; Soil fertility and management D.W. McAndrew, Ph.D. Regisseur; fertilite et gestion des sols Crop physiology and management J.R. Pearen, Ph.D. Physiologie et regie des plantes cultivees 158 l.acombe 1992 Mndate The Lacombe Research Station conducts growth rate of an indicator organism, Plant physiology The growth regulator .research on the processing, quality, and Escherichia coli, on temperature ~sthen used ethephon induced tillering in barley when preservation of red meats. It also develops to assess the hygiene of the product based applied at the late-boot stage. The degree of and evaluates crop production systems for on the temperature history of each carcass. tillering was dependent on cultivar and forages and feeo grains. Assessments of temperature function environmental conditions. The effectiveness Lacombe also develops oat cultivars for integration of a commercial hot boxing of ethephon depended largely on the lodging use in the agri-food industries of the process demonstrated that such processes susceptibility of the cultivars. can be operated to achieve control over Western Parkland, through a conventional Resources breeding program. pa'thogen proliferation equivalent to the control obtained in well-operated carcass The research station is located between The Vegreville Experimental Farm chilling operations. Edmonton and Calgary on 879 ha of land, conducts research on soil management which has facilities for raising beef cattle and practices that conserve and improve Engineering Collaborative work has hogs. A 1525-m2 red meat complex consists problem soils of northeastern Alberta. recently led to a U.S. patent. Oilseed, in particular canola, is rapidly separated into its of a holding barn, an abattoir and cutting Achievements components at low or ambient temperature room, a taste panel kitchen and booths, and on a fully continuous basis within an laboratories. A 2230-m2 crop service Animal production The transport and building is nearing completion. It houses handling of cattle often results in substantial enclosed liquid flow-through system. Oil and flour of high quality are produced. dryers, threshers, and seed storage buildings, weight loss. Electrolyte solutions offered to as well as laboratories and offices. bulls following transport were found to Forage An inexpensive laboratory system normalize the animal's physiology. was developed to rapidly screen hay The station operates an experimental preservative treatments under standard farm 100 km east of Edmonton at Carcass grading A comparison of Landrace Vegreville. The administration-laboratory and Yorkshire pigs showed that these pigs conditions following scientific protocol. This system saves the time and expense of testing complex is shared with the Prairie Farm were lean, fast growing, and produced Rehabilitation Administration. The 121-ha high-quality pork. The increase in lean ineffective preservatives in the field, where conditions are variable and few treatments land base is devoted to work on problem content did not impair meat quality. Boars soils. were found to produce carcasses equivalent can be compared at anyone time. to those of gilts; however, the lean content Soils Analysis of P content in soil showed The staff complement of 82 person- of the boar carcasses was underestima:ted. A that sampling in the late fall provides as years includes 18 scientists. periodic review of the carcass grading system accurate a recommendation for P fertilizer is needed. as spring sampling. It also allows soil testing • A study of genotype by weight laboratories time to provide results well Mndat interaction explains why countries with before sowing so that farmers can make differing animal market weights and export early purchases of fertilizer. La Station de recherches de Lacombe markets have differing attitudes toward the Plant pathology Host-plant resistance could poursuit des recherches sur la importance of the halothane gene in their reduce yield losses caused by the feeding of transformation, la qualite et la conservation swine production systems. Russian wheat aphid (Diuraphis noxia des viandes rouges. De plus, l'equipe de la station congoit et evalue des systemes de The Hennessy grading probe (Mordvilko )1 on barley. Artificially infested measurements predicted commercial pork hill-plots in the field in Mexico were production vegetale pour les plantes fourrageres et les grains fourragers. carcass lean yield better than the Aloka effective in identifying genotypes resistant to 210DX Echo Camera. Russian wheat aphid. La Station de recherches de Lacombe cree aussi, grace un programme classique Meat quality and palatability Studies were Cereals AC Lacombe, a feed barley a d'amelioration genetique, des cultivars done on factors affecting the shelf-life of cultivar, was registered in 1991. AC d'avoine pour les entreprises pork. Results showed that maintaining pork Lacombe is adapted to the Dark Brown, agro-alimentaires de Western Parkland. in the frozen state and then thawing it Black, and Gray Wooded soil zones of before marketing or consumption may western Canada. AC Lacombe has superior La Sous-station de Vegreville mene des reduce consumer acceptability of the retail yield, test weight, kernel plumpness, and recherches sur les methodes de gestion des product. feed quality. A unique feature is its slow sols qui permettent de conserver et rusting resistance to a new race of barley d'ameliorer les sols qui posent des Meat spoilage and safety .Spoilage stem rust that has become prevalent in problemes dans Ie nord-est de I'Alberta. mechanisms under various packaging western Canada. systems have been studied. Ways to limit Realisations growth of pathogenic bacteria on warm meat Weed control Tralkoxydim provided good through controlled cooling are being control of wild oats with no injury to barley Production animale La manutention et Ie assessed. The hygienic adequacy of carcass or wheat. Tralkoxydim was most effective transport entrainent frequemment chez les chilling processes can be evaluated by when applied to wheat at an early leaf stage. bovins une perte de poids appreciable. On a monitoring the temperature of the product It was more antagonistic in tank mixtures decouvert que des solutions d'electrolytes as it moves through the cooling process. A with thifensulfuron than with bromoxynil. donnees aux taureaux apres Ie transport model that describes the dependency of the regularisaient leur physiologie. Lacombe 1992 159 Classement des carcasses Une etude Genie Des travaux menes en collaboration citernes avec du thifensulfuron qu'avec duo comparative entre la race Landrace et la ont abouti recemment a I'obtention d'un bromoxynil. race Yorkshire a montre que les pores brevet americain. On a reussi a separer Physiologie vegetale L'etephon, regulateur appartenant a cette derniere race etaient rapidement les composants des oleagineux, de croissance, induit la formation de talles maigres, engraissaient rapidement et en particulier ceux du canola, a une chez I'orge lorsqu'il est appliqu<:au stade du produisaient une viande de haute qualite. temperature basse ou a la temperature gonflement. Le degre de tallage dependait du Une augmentation de la teneur en tissus ambiante, de fa~on continue, grace a un cultivar et des conditiOlisenvirormementales. maigres n'a pas diminue la qualite de la systeme ferme en phase liquide continue. On L'efficacite de I'etephon etait eongrande viande. On a decouvert que les carcasses de a produit de I'huile et de la farine de grande partie fonction de la sensibilite .3.la verse des verrats etaient equivalentes a celles des qualite. cultivars. jeunes truies; toutefois, la teneur en tissus Fourrages On a elabore une methode maigres des carcasses de verrats etait d'analyse en laboratoire peu couteuse qui Ressources sous-estimees. Un examen periodique du sert a selectionner rapidement les La station de recherches est situee entre systeme de classement des carcasses est traitements preservatifs du foin dans des Edmonton et Calgary, sur une terre de necessaire. conditions normalisees suivant un protocole 879 ha. On y trouve des installations pour Une etude des caracteres genotypiques scientifique etabli. Cette methode permet I'elevage des bovins et des pores. Un lies au poids explique pourquoi certains pays d'eparger du temps et de I'argent, car elle complexe de 1 525 m2 abrite une aire ayant des poids de marche et des marches evite d'analyser des preservatifs inefficaces d'attente, un abattoir, une unite de coupe, d'exportation differents ont une autre au champ ou les conditions sont variables et une salle de degustation et des laboratoires. perception de I'importance du gene de ou seuls quelques traitements peuvent etre La construction d'un batiment de 2 230 m2 sensibilite au stress dans leurs systemes de compares en meme temps. destine aux travaux sur les recoltes sera production porcine. Sols L'analyse de la teneur en P du sol a bien tat terminee. II abritera d(~ssechoirs, Les mesures prises a l'aide de la sonde montre que I'echantillonnage pratique ala des egreneuses et des entrepats de stockage Hennessy ont permis de mieux predire Ie fin de I'automne fournit des donnees aussi de semences; ainsi que des laboratoires et rendement en viande maigre que celles precises pour les recommandations de des bureaux. prises avec I'appareil Aloka 210DX Echo fertilisation potassique que I'echantillonnage La station exploite une fefme Camera. fait au printemps. Les laboratoires d'analyse experimentale a Vegreville, a 100 km a I'est des sols disposent ainsi d'assez de temps d'Edmonton. Le complexe administration- Qualite et palatabilite de la viande On a fait pour fournir les resultats bien avant des etudes sur les facteurs influant sur la laboratoire est partage avec I'Administration l'ensemencement afin que les agriculteurs duree de conservation de la viande de pore. du retablissement agricole des Prairies. puissent acheter tat leurs engrais. Cette terre de 121 ha est consacree a l'etude Les resultats ont montre que Ie fait de des sols qui presentent des problemes. garder la viande de pore a I'etat congele et Pathologie vegetale La resistance de la plante hate pourrait reduire les pertes de de la decongeler avant la commercialisation La station dispose de 82 annees- rendement attribuables a la presence du ou la consommation peut reduire Ie degre personnes et emploie 18 chercheurs. puceron russe du ble, [Diuraphis noxia d'acceptation du produit et compromettre la (Mordvilko)], sur les plants d'orge. Grace a vente au detail. • I'infestation artificielle de parcelles Deterioration et salubrite de la viande Les montagneuses, au Mexique, on a reussi a Research Publications mecanismes de la deterioration en fonction identifier des genotypes resistants au Publications de recherche de divers genres d'emballage ont ete puceron russe du ble. Aalhus, J.L.; Gariipy, c.; Murray, A.c.; examines. Les fa~ons de limiter la croissance Cereales L'AC Lacombe, cultivar d'orge Jones, S.D.M.; Tong, A.K.w. 1990. Stunning des bacteries pathogenes sur de la viande fourragere, a ete enregistre en 1991; il est and shackling influences on quality of chaude au moyen d'un refroidissement ada pte aux zones de sols forestiers brun porcine Longissimus dorsi and contrale ont ete evaluees. On peut evaluer fonce, noirs et gris de I'ouest du Canada. Sur Semimembranosus muscle. Meat Sci. les proprietes hygieniques des procedes de Ie plan du rendement, du poids specifique, 29:323-324. refroidissement des carcasses en surveillant de la consistance du grain et de la qualite la temperature du produit tout au long de la Aalhus, J.L.; Jones, S.D.M.; Robertson, fourragere, l'AC Lacombe est superieur. chaine de refroidissement. Puis, on utilise un W.M.; Tong, A.K.w.; Sather, A.P. 1990. Une de ses caracteristiques uniques est qu'il modele qui decrit Ie lien entre la vitesse de Growth characteristics and carcass resiste a une nouvelle race de rouille de la croissance d'un bioindicateur, l'Escherichia composition of pigs with known genotypes tige de l'orge qui est devenue courante dans coli, et la temperature, et evalue la salubrite for stress susceptibility over a weight range I'ouest du Canada. du produit a partir des donnees de of 70 to 120 kg. Anim. Prod. 52:347-353. temperature sur chaque carcasse. Lors Lutte contre les mauvaises herbes Le Aalhus, J.L.; Schaefer, A.L.; Murray, A.C.; d'evaluations d'un procede commercial de tralkoxydim a permis de lutter avec succes Jones, S.D.M. 1992. The effect of mise en carton a chaud integrant la fonction contre la folie avoine sans endommager ractopamine on myofiber distribution and temperature, on a montre que de tels I'orge ou leble. L'efficacite de ce produit est morphology and their relation to meat procedes limitent aussi bien la proliferation a son maximum lorsqu'il est applique sur Ie quality in swine. Meat Sci. 31:397-409. des agents pathogenes que ne Ie font les ble au stade des premieres feuilles. II est procedes de refroidissement bien appliques. davantage antagoniste en melange dans des 160 j~acombe1992 lI Baron, V.S.; Dick, A.C; Young, D.G. 1991. Jeremiah, L.E.; Tong, A.K.W; Gibson, L.L. bromegrass hay yield. Commun. Soil Sci. Laboratory system for evaluation of hay 1990.The usefulness of muscle color and pH Plant Anal. 238:113-122. preservatives. Agron. J. 83:659-663. for segregating beef carcasses into Malhi, S.S.; Nyborg, M. 1990. Potential for Foster, K.R.; Reid, D.M.; Taylor, J.S. 1991. tenderness groups. Meat Sci. 30:97-114. nitrate-N loss in central Alberta soils. Fert. Tillering and yield responses to ethephon in Jones, S.D.M.; Greer, G.G.; Jeremiah, L.E.; Res. 25:175-178. three barley cultivars. Crop Sci. 31:130-134. Murray, A.C; Robertson, WM. 1991. Malhi, S.S.; Nyborg, M. 1991. Recovery of Gill, CO.; DeLacey, K.M. 1991. Growth of Cryogenic chilling of pork carcasses: effect 15N-labelled urea: influence of zero tillage, Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium on muscle quality, bacterial populations and and time and method of application. Fertil. on high-pH beef packaged under vacuum or palatability. Meat Sci. 29:1-16. Res. 28:263-269. carbon dioxide. Int. J. Food Microbiol. Jones,S.D.M.; Jeremiah, L.B.; Tong, Malhi, S.S.; Nyborg, M.; Harapiak, J.T.; 13:21-30. A.K.W; Lutz, S.; Robertson, WM. 1991. Flore, N.A. 1991. Acidification of soil in Gill, CO.; Harrison, J.CL.; Phillips, D.M. The effects of marbling level, electrical Alberta by nitrogen fertilizers applied to 1991. Use of a temperature function stimulation and postmortem aging on the bromegrass. Pages 547-553 in Wright, R.I., integration technique to assess the hygienic cooking and palatability properties of beef et aI., eds. Plant-soil interactions at low pH. adequacy of a beef carcass cooling process. rib eye steaks. Can. J. Anim. Sci. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Food Microbiol. 8:83-94. 71:1037-1043. The Netherlands. Gill, CO.; Jeremiah, L.E. 1991. The storage Jones, S.D.M.; Tong, A.K.W; Talbot, S. Malhi, S.S.; Nyborg, M.; Kryzanowski, L.; life of non-muscle offals packaged under 1991. A survey of marbling fat in Canadian Gill, K.S.; Arshad, M.A. 1991. Changes in vacuum or carbon dioxide. Food Microbiol. beef carcasses. Can. J. Anim. Sci. extractable P between fall and spring in 8:339-353. 71:987-991. some Alberta soils. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Gill, CO.; Jones, S.D.M.; Tong, A.K.W Kibite, S. 1991. Registration of genetic stock Anal. 22:1439-1446. 1991. Application of a temperature function of oat (LAO-456-MUT-0l) with Newman, J.A.; Tennessen, T.; Tong, A.K.W.; integration to assess the hygienic adequacy monster-plant traits. Crop Sci. 31:1398. Coulter, G.H.; Mears, G.J.; Doornenbal, H. of a process for spray chilling beef carcasses. Kibite, S. 1991. Waldern oat. Can. J. Plant 1990. Effects of zeranol implantation on J. Food Prot. 54:731-736. Sci. 71:511-513. growth, feed conversion, testicular Greer, G.G.; Jones, S.D.M. 1991. Effects of Kibite, S.; Harker, K.N. 1991.Effects of seed development and behavioral traits of young lactic acid and vacuum packaging on beef hydration on agronomic performance of bulls fed for slaughter. Can. J. Anim. Sci. processed in a research abattoir. Can. Inst. wheat, barley and oats in central Alberta. 70:1005-1016. Food Sci. Technol. J. 24:161-168. Can. J. Plant Sci. 71:515-518. Nuttal, WE; Malhi, S.S. 1991. The effect of Greer, G.G.; Murray, A.C 1991. Freezing Kibite, S.; Harker, K.N. 1991. Evaluation of time and rate of N application on the yield effects on quality, bacteriology and retail oat germplasm for resistance to and N uptake of wheat, barley, flax and four case life of pork. J. Food Sci. 56:891-894, diclofop-methyl. Can. J. Plant Sci. cultivars of rapeseed. Can. J. Soil Sci. 912. 71:491-495. 71:227-238. Harapiak, J.T.; Malhi, S.S.; Nyborg, M.; Liu, M.E; Makarechian, M.; Tong, A.K.W Nyborg, M.; Malhi, S.S. 1991. Acidification Flore, N.A. 1991. Soil chemical properties 1990. Relationships between measures of of forest soil by elemental sulphur dust. after long-term N fertilization of absolute growth rate and between measures Pages 553-563 in Wright, R.J., et aI., eds. bromegrass: source and time of application. of relative growth rate in meat animals. J. Plant-soil interactions at low pH. Kluwer Commun. Soil Sci: Plant Anal. 238:85-100. Anim. Breed. Genet. 108:187-191. Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands. Harker, K.N.; Blackshaw, R.E. 1991. Malhi, S.S.; Bhalla, M.K.; Piening, L.J.; Influence of growth stage and broadleaf Caldwell, CD. 1992.Effect of stubble height Nyborg, M.; Solberg, B.D.; Malhi, S.S.; herbicides on tralkoxydim activity. Weed Sci. and tillage on winter soil temperature in Takyi, S.; Yeung, P.; Chaudry, M. 1991. 39:650-659. central Alberta. Soil & Tillage Res. Deposition of anthropogenic sulphur dioxide 22:243-251. on soils in north-eastern Alberta. Pages Harker, K.N.; O'Sullivan, P.A. 1991. Effect 147-156 in Wright, R.J., et aI., eds. of imazamethabenz on green foxtail, Tartary Malhi, S.S.; Harapiak, J.T.; Nyborg, M.; Plant-soil interactions at low pH. Kluwer buckwheat and wild oat at different growth Flore, N.A. 1991. Soil chemical properties Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The stages. Can. J. Plant Sci. 71:821-829. after long-term N fertilization of Netherlands. Harker, K.N.; O'Sullivan, P.A. 1991. bromegrass: N rate. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 22:1447-1458. Penney, D.C; Malhi, S.S.; Kryzanowski, L. Synergistic mixtures of sethoxydim and 1990. Effect of rate and source of N fluazifop on annual grass weeds. Weed Malhi, S.S.; McAndrew, D.W; Carter, M.R. fertilizer on yield, quality and N recovery of Technol. 5:310-316. 1992. Effect of tillage and N fertilization of a bromegrass grown for hay. Fertil. Res. Jeremiah, L.B.; Greer, G.G.; Gibson, L.L. Solonetzic soil on barley production and 25:159-166. 1990. Effects of lactic acid spray and some soil properties. Soil & Tillage Res. 21:95-107. Rahnefeld, G.W; Weiss, G.M.; Fredeen, postmortem aging on the flavor and cooking H.T.; McKay, R.M.; Lawson, J.E., Newman, properties of bovine longissimus muscle. J. Malhi, S.S.; McBeath, D.K.; Nyborg, M. J.A.; Bailey, D.R.C 1991. Reproductive Muscle Foods 2:119-131. 1991. Effect of phosphorus fertilization on Lacombe 1992 161 efficiency of F 1 and reciprocal backcross Taylor,J.S.; Thompson, B.; Pate, J.S.; Atkins, beef cows under contrasting environments. e.A.; Pharis, R.P. 1990. Cytokinins in the Can. J. Anim. Sci. 71:969-985. phloem sap of white lupin (Lupinus albus Reichel, M.P.; Phillips, D.M.; Jones R.; Gill, L.) Plant Physiol. 94:1714-1720. e.O. 1991. Assessment of the hygienic Vincent, B.e.; Jones, S.D.M.; Jeremiah, adequacy of a commercial hot boning L.E.; Price, M.A.; Newman, J.A. 1991. process for beef by a temperature function Carcass characteristics and meat quality of integration technique. Int. J. Food once-calved heifers. Can. J. Anim. Sci. Microbiol. 14:27-42. 71:311-319. Robinson, J.; Vivar, H.E.; Burnett, P.A.; Calhoun, D.S. 1991. Resistance to Russian wheat aphid (Homoptera: Aphidae) in barley genotypes. J. Econ. Entomol. 84:674-679. Sather, A.P.; Harbison, D.S.; Seth, P.e. 1990. The influence of storage duration upon the fertilizing capacity and embryo survival of fresh boar semen. Anim. Prod. 52:554-557. Sather, A.P.; Jones, S.D.M.; Joyal, S. 1991. Feedlot performance, carcass composition and pork quality from entire male and female Landrace and Large White market weight pigs. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 71:29-42. Sather, A.P.; Jones, S.D.M.; Tong, A.K.w. 1991. Halothane genotype by weight interactions on lean yield from pork carcasses. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 71:633-643. Sather, A.P.; Jones, S.D.M.; Tong, A.K.w.; Murray, A.e. 1991. Halothane genotype by weight interactions on meat quality. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 71:645-658. Sather, A.P.; Murray, A.C.; Zawadski, S.M.; Johnson, P. 1991.The effect ofthe halothane gene on pork production and meat quality of pigs reared under commercial conditions. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 71:959-967. Sather, A.P.; Newman, J.A.; Jones, S.D.M.; et al. 1991. The prediction of pork carcass composition using live animal echographic measurements from Krautkramer USK7, Ithaca Scanoprobe 731C and Aloka SSD-21ODXII Echo Camera. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 71:1001-1009. Sather, A.P.; Newman, J.A.; Jones, S.D.M.; et al. 1991. The prediction of pork carcass composition using the Hennessy Grading Probe and the Aloka 210DX Echo Camera. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 71:993-1000. Schaefer, A.L.; Tong, A.K.w.; Sather, A.P.; Beltranena, E.; Pharazyn, A.; Aherne, EX. 1990. Preparturient diabetogenesis in primiparous gilts. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 71:69-77. Taylor, J.S.; Foster, K.R.; Caldwell, C.D. . 1991. Ethephon effects on barley in central Alberta. Can. J. Plant Sci. 71:983-995. 162 Lacombe 1992 LETHBRIDGE Research Station Station de recherches Research Branch Direction generale de la recherche Agriculture Canada Agriculture Canada Highway 3 East Route nO3 est P.O. Box 3000, Main c.P. 3000, Principale Lethbridge, Alberta Lethbridge (Alberta) TlJ4B1 TlJ4B1 Tel. (403) 327-4561 Tel. Fax (403) 382-3156 Telecopie EM (correspondence) OTTB::EM387ADMN c.E. (correspondance) EM (data) OTTB::AG3870000 c.E. (donnees) R,fessional Staff R,sonnel professionnel Director B.H. Sonntag, Ph.D. Directeur Assistant Director G.A Neish, Ph.D. Directeur adjoint Head, Administration M. Parent Chef, Administration Administrative Officer, Finance WH. Marshall Agent d'administration, Affaires and Materiel Management financieres et gestion du materiel Administrative Officer, Personnel M.M. Tarnava Agent d'administration, Personnel Head, Facilities Management WH. Mains, M.Sc. Chef, Gestion des installations Scientific Support Soutien scientifique Programmer- Analyst H.S. Chung, B.Sc. Programmeur - analyste Computer Systems Manager WA. Conrad, B.Sc. Gestionnaire des systemes inforrnatiques Statistician T. Entz, M.M. Statisticien Image Analyst F. Leggett, Ph.D. Analyste des images Electron Microscopist E.G. Kokko, B.Sc. Technicien, microscopie electronique Statistician G.c. Kozub, M.Sc. Statisticien Scientific Editor H. McMenamin, M.Sc. Reviseur de textes scientifiques Technology Transfer Officer R.W McMullin, M.Sc. Agent de transfert de la technologie Librarian (seconded in) C.M. Ronning Mains, B.L.S. Bibliothecaire (detache) Crop Sciences Phytotechnie Section Head; Forage K.W Richards, Ph.D. Chef de section; pollinisation des pollination piantes fourrageres Assistant Section Head; Potato D.R. Lynch, Ph.D. Chef de section adjoint; amelioration de breeding la pomme de terre Assistant Section Head; Cereal J.R. Byers, Ph.D. Chef de section adjoint; insectes crop insects nuisibles aux cultures cerealieres Forage breeding S.N. Acharya, Ph.D. Amelioration des plantes fourrageres Weed control---<:ereals, field crops R.E. Blackshaw, Ph.D. Desherbage---<:ereales, plantes fourrageres Insect bionomics R.A. Butts, Ph.D. Ecologie des insectes Cereal diseases R.L. Conner, Ph.D. Maladies des cereales Biological control of weeds R.A. DeClerck-Floate, Ph.D. Lutte biologique contre les mauvaises herbes Forage agronomy and J. Fraser, Ph.D. Agronomie et physiologie des plantes physiology fourrageres Cereal diseases D.A. Gaudet, Ph.D. Maladies des cereales Insect pathology M.S. Goettel, Ph.D. Pathologie des insectes Biological control of weeds P. Harris, Ph.D. Lutte biologique contre les mauvaises herbes Residue chemistry B.D. Hill, Ph.D. Chimie des residus Forage, field crop diseases H.C. Huang, Ph.D. Fourrage, maladies des plantes fourrageres Rangeland insect ecology D.L. Johnson, Ph.D. Ecologie d'entomofaune des parcours Potato diseases L.M. Kawchuk, Ph.D. Maladies de la pomme de terre Molecular genetics A. Laroche, Ph.D. Genetique moleculaire Crop physiology D.J. Major, Ph.D. Physiologie des plantes cultivees Lethbridge 1992 163 Barley breeding K.w. May, Ph.D. Amelioration de l'orge Weed control-forages J.R Moyer, Ph.D. Desherbage-cultures fourrageres New crops breeding and management H.-H. Muendel, Ph.D. Amelioration et regie de nouvelles culture Soft white spring wheat breeding RS. Sadasivaiah, Ph.D. Amelioration du ble tendre blanc de printemps Pulse breeding J.G.S. Saindon, Ph.D. Amelioration genetique des legumineuses a graines Forage crop pests B.D. Schaber, Ph.D. Ravageurs des cultures fourrage:res Winter wheat breeding J.B. Thomas, Ph.D. Amelioration du ble d'hiver Range ecology W.D. Willms, Ph.D. Ecologie des parcours Insect parasitology D.S.K. Yu, Ph.D. Parasitologie des insectes Livestock Sciences Zootechnie Section Head; Reproductive G.H. Coulter, Ph.D. Chef de section; physiologie de la physiology reproduction Assistant Section Head; Immunology RW. Baron, Ph.D. Chef de section adjoint; immunologie Beef cattle genetics D.RC. Bailey, Ph.D. Genetique des bovins de boucherie Ruminant nutrition K.A. Beauchemin, Ph.D. Alimentation des ruminants Rumen microbiology K.-J. Cheng, Ph.D. Microbiologie du rumen Ruminant parasitology D.D. Colwell, Ph.D. Bacteriologie des ruminants Toxicology T.J. Danielson, Ph.D. Toxicologie Bioeconomics B.S. Freeze, Ph.D. Bioeconomique Nuclear magnetic resonance T.w. Hall, Ph.D. Spectroscopie a resonnance magnetique spectroscopy nucleaire Reproductive physiology J.P. Kastelic, D.V.M., Ph.D. Physiologie de la reproduction Insect population ecology T.J. Lysyk, Ph.D. Ecologie des populations d'insectes Sheep production L.A. McClelland, Ph.D. Production ovine Ruminant physiology G.J. Mears, Ph.D. Physiologie des ruminants Ruminant nutrition L.M. Rode, Ph.D. Alimentation des ruminants Pesticide chemistry w.G. Taylor, Ph.D. Chimie des pesticides Bacteriology L.J. Yanke, B.Sc. Bacteriologie Soil Science Science des sols Section Head; Conservation c.w. Lindwall, Ph.D. Chef de section; travail de conservation tillage du sol Assistant Section Head; Organic chemistry J.E Dormaar, Ph.D., D.Sc. Chef de section adjoint; chimie organique Aquatic plant physiology J.R Allan, Ph.D. Physiologie des pIantes aquatiques Hydrology G.J. Beke, Ph.D. Hydrologie Irrigation agronomy J.M. Carefoot, Ph.D. Aspects agronomiques de l'irri.gation Soil physics C. Chang, Ph.D. Physique des sols Soil microbiology M.J. Clapperton, Ph.D. Microbiologie des sols Irrigation engineering N. Foroud, Ph.D. Technique de I'irrigation Agrometeorology B.W. Grace, Ph.D. Agrometeorologie Dryland agronomy H.H. Janzen, Ph.D. Aridoculture Soil conservation EJ. Lamey, Ph.D. Protection du sol Agrometeorology S.M. McGinn, Ph.D. Agrometeorologie Economics E.G. Smith, Ph.D. Economie Soil crop physiology K.M. Volkmar, Ph.D. Physiologie des cultures et du sol One/our One/our Substation Sous-station Research Branch Direction generale de la rech(~rche Agriculture Canada Agriculture Canada Onefour, Alberta Onefour (Alberta) TOK lR4 TOKIRO Tel. (403) 868-2364 Tel. Fax (403) 868-2364 Telecopie EM nil C.E. Farm Manager A.G. Ross Contremaitre de ferme 164 Lel:hbridge 1992 Vauxhall Vauxhall Substation Sous-station Research Branch Direction generale de la recherche Agriculture Canada Agriculture Canada P.O. Box 450 CP. 450 Vauxhall, Alberta Vauxhall (Alberta) TOK2KO TOK2KO Tel. (403) 654-2255 Tel. Fax nil Telecopie EM nil CE. Farm Manager B.C Farries Contremaitre de ferme Stavely Stavely Substation Sous-station Research Branch Direction generale de la recherche Agriculture Canada Agriculture Canada Stavely, Alberta Stavely (Alberta) TOL lZ0 TOL lZ0 Tel. (403) 549-2152 Tel. Fax nil Telecopie EM nil CE. Farm Manager D.J. Murray Contremaltre de ferme Mndate The Lethbridge Research Station produces non-nutritional mechanisms. Downy brome the additional feed and not to any alteration new technology and information to help on conservation fallow systems was in milk from the dam. Daily weight gains develop more competitive and sustainable effectively controlled by fluazifop-P and from birth to slaughter were found to be production systems for dryland and irrigated sethoxydim when applied before tillering, greater in calves that weighed more at birth. agriculture in the southern Canadian and by glyphosate, glyphosate plus 2,4-D, Increasing the digestible energy prairies. paraquat, and glufosinate up to the three- to concentration of diets with the addition of Crop research focuses on cultivar five-tiller stage. Spring-seeded canola, protected tallow does not increase rate or development, agronomy, and protection of alfalfa, and peas were tolerant of efficiency of gain of feedlot cattle. The cereals, forages, potatoes, and some special recommended fall applications of 2,4-D for protein matrix of cereal grains was found to crops. Research on beef cattle, dairy cattle, control of winter annuals in conservation control the extent and rate of ruminal and sheep emphasizes pest management, tillage systems but were damaged by spring fermentation of the grain. Beef bulls fed economics, and nutritional and reproductive applications. moderate dietary energy after weaning had efficiency; it also includes rangeland Water and climate The salt content of better scrotal-testicular thermoregulation management. Soil management and shallow well water was lowered to one-third and better semen quality than those fed high conservation and water use efficiency in the the original levels by switching from a dietary energy. Brown and Dark Brown soil zones are the crop-fallow rotation to an annual cropping Based on the proportion of infested major components of soil and water system. Equations were developed to cattle legs, a method was developed for research, which complements the research describe yield, protein, and oil content of sampling stable flies. This method is on commodities. Maple Amber soybean in response to levels expected to allow rapid determination of The research is conducted at the main of water stress at various developmental whether treatment is necessary. The station near Lethbridge and at substations stages. Unit hydrographs were developed to stereochemistry and repellancy of 15 near Manyberries, Vauxhall, and Stavely, predict runoff and sediment transport from oxazolidine compounds were investigated. Alta. land under summerfallow, perennial forage, Genes that control the production of and barley. A technical bulletin for xylanase and amylase have been transferred Achievements identifying nuisance aquatic vegetation was from Fibrobacter succinogenes and Soil management and conservation published. Streptococcus bovis to E. coli. Shuttle vectors Effectiveness of sulfur fertilizer was a Beef Postweaning selection for gain on two were created for the transfer of xylanase and function of specific surface area and degree different diets resulted in a two-fold increase amylase genes to Butyrivibrio jibrisolvens, a of particle dispersion. The application of in gain after 20 years of selection. The vigorously competitive native rumen green manure enhanced yield through benefits of creep feeding are limited to the bacterium, to confer hemicellulose-digesting increased N fertility and through increased gains in calf weight provided by and starch-digesting properties. Lethbridge 1992 165 Establishment of the Canada - Alberta Russian wheat aphid. The temperature at control of hairy nightshade in dry beans. Livestock Research Trust resulted in which the Russian wheat aphid freezes Subsequently, ethalfluralin was registered increased collaboration with industry in under controlled conditions ranged from and used on 90% of the prairie bean area. livestock research. The trust provides - 24 to - 29°C. Infestations of brown wheat Potatoes Both strands of complementary direction and financial resources. mite can be controlled by interrupting the DNA from the potato leafroll virus coat Dairy Lactating cows consuming a low progressive buildup of populations with a protein gene can be used to obtain a high protein diet (15.5% crude protein), fallow year or an oilseed or legume crop in level of resistance against the virus in supplemented with rumen-protected the rotation. Molting between instal'S in transgenic Russet Burbank. Adverse effects methionine and lysine, produced similar cutworms comprises about one-third of the on yields from seed tubers exposed to below amounts of milk and more milk protein than larval development time. The molting status freezing (-1 and - 5°C) temperatures in the cows consuming a high protein (19% crude of a population of cutworms can have a fall were demonstrated in field trials. Visual protein) diet. Problems of rumen marked effect on short-term insecticide symptoms associated with low temperature dysfunction and depression of milk fat efficacy. injury were not always evident. In a 3-year characteristic of dairy cows fed barley-based Other cereals Bridge, a two-row, hulled, study, plants derived from seedltubers diets were overcome by incorporating high spring feed barley suitable for growing in the injected with 18 and 180 colony-forming fiber byproduct feeds into concentrates. western part of the Canadian prairies, has units of bacterial ring rot of seven cultivars Concentrations of neutral detergent fiber in been registered. It has a combination of high showed variable expression of symptoms, the diet should be higher than currently yield potential, high test weight, and large which demonstrates the importance of using recommended for barley-based concentrate kernels. Remote sensing to measure radar laboratory tests in conjunction with visual diets. The effects of decreased forage quality backscatter was used to estimate various observation in assessing the disease status of caused by increased maturity can be crop and soil conditions. Radar backscatter seed fields. minimized by formulating diets for dairy can estimate the total moisture held by a New programs The control of gonadal cattle for specific concentrations of neutral crop canopy, whole plant biomass, soil development in cattle is being studied to detergent fiber. The ownership of the dairy moisture in the top 10 cm of bare soil, and improve reproductive performance in beef herd has been transferred to the soil surface roughness. cattle by selection. Canada - Alberta Livestock Research Trust. Forages Crude protein yields were greatest Genetic and environmental factors Sheep Research comparing the production when rough fescue was harvested twice and influencing body composition in beef cattle efficiency of various diets and genotypes when Parry oatgrass was harvested three are being studied using computer during lamb growth, pregnancy, and times from rangeland. Seed and flowers of enhancement of ultrasonograms. lactation are to be expanded to individual stinkweed had the greatest toxicity to cattle, animal measurements. Immunizing lambs and the rosette stage was least toxic. A study was initiated as part of a against the growth inhibiting factor, Optimum alfalfa density for maximum seed renewed emphasis on soil and water somatostatin, improved average daily gains yield and minimum weed infestation was a management and conservation for by 13- 21%, which reduced by 2 to 3 weeks row spacing of 36 cm or broadcast seeding sustainable agricultural production. the time required for lambs to achieve rates of 3 kg/ha. Hexazinone, which Mechanisms and the extent of market weight. The new sheep research increased seed yields by about 20%, was movement of agricultural chemicals into facility is completed and is designed to registered for weed control in seed alfalfa surface water and groundwater supplies will accommodate 120 sheep in individual under the minor use program. A monitoring be assessed in a new soil and water study. feeding, or up to 400 sheep in group feeding. system using silica-gel plates was developed Growth stimulation and inhibition by Wheat Twowheat lines received permanent to detect aerial deposits of chlorpyrifos. microorganism-root interactions will be registration. AC Readymade is a high-yielding Pollination activity and success of eight bee examined by a new study in rhizosphere winter wheat with stiff straw, with resistance species were determined in birdsfoot trefoil ecology. seed production. The development of a to drought and bunt, and with good baking Through molecular analysis and genetic quality. The soft white spring wheat, AC bioassay method enabled the evaluation of five fungicides as potential control agents of engineering, potato cultivars are being Reed, is a high-yielding early-maturing developed with improved dis,ease resistance cultivar with resistance to stripe rust and chalkbrood in leafcutting bees. Spring burning of alfalfa grown for seed only and with better processing quality after moderate resistance to powdery mildew, low-temperature storage. common root rot, shattering, and sprouting; reduced spring populations of the alfalfa it also has improved end-use quality. The plant bug. A cooperative project with the level of coldhardiness in winter wheat and Field Crops AC Stirling, the first Canadian Beaverlodge and Saskatoon stations on the triticale was inversely related to the level of safflower cultivar suited to both the oilseed development of canola and canola-quality snowmold resistance. Wheat cultivars with and birdseed trade, was registered. AC mustard adapted to the southwestern short tillers were found to be preferentially Stirling also has good resistance to prairies is beginning. infected by the common bunt fungus. The sclerotinia head rot and yields 16% more Biological control of wild oats, green incidence of black point in soft wheat was than Saffire. A screening technique for foxtail, and other weeds using highest when frequent irrigation was resistance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum was rhizoorganisms is being investigated. The combined with high nitrogen fertilizer rates. developed for oilseed and pulse crops. transfer of biological control of weeds A screening technique was developed to Ethalfluaralin (Edge) and imazethapyr research from the Regina Research Station identify sources of genetic resistance to (Pursuit) were shown to give superior is in progress. 166 Lethbridge 1992 ------ Resources avant Ie travail du sol, et a l'application de mouche d'etable; cette methode permettra The Research Station is located in the glyphosate, de glyphosate plus 2,4-D, de de determiner rapidement si un traitement Agriculture Centre, a facility shared with the paraquat et de glufosinate jusqu'aux stades s'impose. Les proprietes stereochimiques et Regional Office of Alberta Agriculture and 3 a 5 du tallage. Le canola, la luzerne et les Ie pouvoir repulsif de 15 composes the Food Production and Inspection Branch pois semes au printemps toleraient les d'oxazolidine ont ete etudies. Les genes qui of Agriculture Canada. applications de 2,4-D recommandees a commandent la production de xylanase et l'automne pour lutter contre les annuelles d'amylase ont ete transferes du Fibrobacter The station operates three substations: d'hiver dans des systemes de travail de succinogeneset du Streptococcus bovis a I'E. a 17 OOO-habeef cattle ranch near conservation du sol, mais des applications de coli. On a cree des vecteurs navettes pour Ie Manyberries, a 400-ha ranch near Stavely in ces produits au printemps causaient des transfert des genes de la xylanase et de the foothills of the Rocky Mountains, and a degats aux cultures. I'amylase vers la Butyrivibrio jibrisolvens, 130-ha irrigation substation at Vauxhall. Eau et climat La teneur en sel de I'eau de bacterie indigene du rumen fortement Total land area of the research station competitive, afin de conferer des proprietes facilities is 18 030 ha. puits peu profond a Me reduite au tiers de la teneur origin ale en rempla~ant Ie systeme de favorisant la digestion de l'hemicellulose et The staff comprises 267 person-years, rotation culture-jachere par un systeme de l'amidon. including 71 professionals. cultural annuel. Des equations ont ete La creation du Canada Alberta formulees pour decrire Ie rendement, les Livestock Research Trust, qui assure • teneurs en proteines et en huile du soja l'orientation du groupe et son financement, Maple Amber en reponse a des degres de a entraine une plus grande collaboration Mndat stress hydrique a differents stades de avec l'industrie au chapitre de la recherche La Station de recherches de Lethbridge met developpement. Des hydrogrammes sur Ie betail. unitaires ont ete elabores afin de prevoir Ie au point de nouvelles techniques et transmet Produits laitiers Les vaches en lactation ruissellement et Ie transport des sediments des informations afin d'elaborer des soumises a un regime alimentaire a faible provenant de terres en jachere, et de terres systemes de production durabIes et plus teneur en proteines (15,5 % de proteines concurrentiels pour l'exploitation agricole utilisees pour la culture de fourrages brutes), avec un complement de methionine des regions de terres seches et irriguees du perennes et d'orge. Un bulletin technique et de lysine absorbables dans l'intestin, ont pour l'identification des vegetaux aquatiques sud des Prairies canadiennes. produit la meme quantite de lait et une plus nuisibles a ete publie. La recherche sur les cultures est axee grande quantite de proteines du lait que les sur la creation de cultivars, l'agronomie et la Bceuf de boucherie La selection apres vaches soumises a un regime a teneur elevee protection des cere ales, des plantes sevrage pour Ie gain ponderal d'animaux de en proteines (19 % de proteines brutes). Les fourrageres, des pommes de terre et de boucherie auxquels on a administre deux problemes de dysfonctionnement du rumen certaines cultures speciales. La recherche rations differentes, s'est traduite par une et de reduction de la matiere grasse du lait, sur les bovins de boucherie, les bovins double augmentation du gain apres 20 ans caracteristiques des vaches laitieres qui laitiers et les ovins porte surtout sur la lutte de selection. Les avantages d'une re~ivent une ration a base d'orge, ont ete antiparasitaire, l'economie et l'efficience alimentation complementaire sont limites supprimes en ajoutant aux concentres des alimentaire et reproductive; elle comprend aux gains de poids accrus du veau sous-produits alimentaires a forte teneur en egalement la gestion des parcours. La attribuabIes aux aliments complementaires, fibre. Les teneurs en fibres alimentaires au gestion et la conservation des sols et et non a une modification quelconque du lait detergent neutre devraient etre plus elevees l'utilisation efficace de l'eau dans les zones maternel. On a constate que les gains de que les teneurs recommandees actuellement de sols brun et brun fonce sont les poids quotidiens depuis la naissance jusqu'a pour les regimes de concentres a base principaux volets de la recherche sur Ie sol et l'abattage etaient plus eleves chez les veaux d'orge. Les effets d'une baisse de la qualite l'eau qui completent les recherches sur les de poids plus eleves a la naissance. du fourrage attribuable a la recolte a un produits. L'augmentation de la quantite d'energie stade plus avance peuvent etre reduits par la digestible des rations par l'addition de suif preparation pour les bovins laitiers de Les recherches sont menees a la station absorbable dans l'intestin (suif tanne) rations ayant des teneurs particulieres en principale situee pres de Lethbridge, et aux n'augmente pas Ie rythme de gain de poids fibres alimentaires au detergent neutre. La sous-stations situees pres de Manyberries, de des animaux d'embouche ou l'efficience. La propriete du troupeau laitier a ete transferee Vauxhall et de Stavely, en Alberta. matrice proteique des grains regit l'ampleur au Canada --Alberta Livestock Research Realisations et Ie taux de fermentation ruminale du grain. Trust. Les taureaux auxquels on a administre une Gestion et conservation des sols L'efficacite Ovins Les recherches comparant ration a energie moderee apres Ie sevrage des engrais soufres Mait fonction de la l'efficience de la production de differentes presentaient unethermoregulation scrotaIe superficie specifique et du taux de dispersion rations et genotypes au cours de la et testiculaire et une qualite du sperme des particules. L'application d'engrais vert a croissance des agneaux, de la gestation et de meilleures que celles des taureaux qui augmente Ie rendement par une fertilisation la lactation seront elargies a des mesures avaient re~u une ration riche en energie. azotee accrue ainsi que par des mecanismes individuelles de l'animal. L'immunisation autres que nutritifs. La lutte contre Ie brome On a elabore une methode des agneaux contre Ie facteur d'inhibition de des toits dans des systemes de jachere de d'echantillonnage, reposant sur la la secretion de l'hormone de croissance, la conservation a ete efficace grace a proportion de pattes de bovins infestees, somatostatine, a augmente Ie gain quotidien I'application de fluazifop-P et de sethoxydim pour evaluer l'ampleur de l'infestation par la moyen de 13 a 21 %, reduisant ainsi de 2 a Lethbridge 1992 167 3 semaines Ie temps qu'i1 faut pour que les lorsque I'on effectuait deux recoltes de congelation (-1 et -5°C) a I'automne. Les agneaux atteignent Ie poids du marche. La fetuque scabre et trois recoltes de fromental sympt6mes visuels associes a une lesion nouvelle installation de recherches pour les Parry sur les parcours. Les graines et les causee par une basse temperature n'etaient ovins est terminee et peut recevoir 120 fleurs du tabouret des champs se sont pas toujours evidents. Dans Ie cadre d'une moutons pour affouragement individuel, ou revelees tres toxiques pour Ie betail, et Ie etude de 3 ans, des plants provenant de jusqu'a 400 moutons pour affouragement en stade rosette moins toxique. Dans Ie cas de tubercules de calibre plant auxquels on a groupe. la luzerne, un espacement des rangs de injecte 18 et 180 unites par pied cube de 36 cm ou un taux d'ensemencement de 3 kg fletrissure bacterienne proven ant de sept Ble Deux lignees de ble ont ete cultivars ont presente des symptomes sous homologuees de fagon permanente. L'AC par hectare a donne une densite optimale, ce diverses formes; cette experience montre Readymade est un ble d'hiver a rendement qui permettait de maximiser Ie rendement I'importance des essais en laboratoire et des eleve, a paille rigide, resistant a la secheresse en semences et de reduire au minimum .observations visuelles pour evaluer I'etat et a la carie et possedant une bonne qualite I'envahissement par les mauvaises herbes. sanitaire des champs de semence. boulangere. Le ble tendre blanc de Dans Ie cadre du Programme des pesticides printemps, AC Reed, est un cultivar a a emploi limite, I'hexazinone, produit qui a Nouveaux programmes On a etudie les rendement eleve et a maturation hfltive, permis d'augmenter Ie rendement en graines mecanismes qui regissent Ie developpement resistant a la rouille jaune et moyennement d'environ 20 %, a ete homologuee comme des gonades chez les bovins de boucherie herbicide pour les cultures de luzerne de resistant a I'oidium, au pietin commun, a afin d'ameliorer la performance de I'egrenage premature et a la germination graine. On a mis au point un systeme de reproduction par selection. surveillance a base de plaque de gel de silice prematuree et dont la qualite d'utilisation Des facteurs genetiques et finale est meilleure. Le degre de resistance a pour detecter les depots aeriens de chlorpyrifos. L'activite de pollinisation et environnementaux influant sur Ia composition I'hiver du ble d'hiver et du triticale etait corporelle des bovins de boucherie sont inversement lie au degre de resistance a la I'efficacite de huit especes d'abeilles ont ete etablies par la production de graines de etudies au moyen de I'amelioration moisissure des neiges. Le champignon de la informatique des ultrasonogrammes. carie s'attaque de preference aux cultivars de lotier cornicule. L'elaboration d'une ble a talles courtes. La frequence d'apparition methode de dosage biologique a permis On a decide d'accorder une plus grande de la moucheture du ble tendre etait plus d'evaluer cinq fongicides comme agents importance a la gestion et a la conservation potentiels de lutte contre Ie couvain plfltre elevee lorsqu'un arrosage frequent etait des sols et de I'eau en vue d'une production associe a des taux eleves d'engrais azotes. chez les megachiles de la luzerne. Au agricole durable. On a mis au point une technique de printemps, Ie bnllage de la luzerne cultivee Les mecanismes et I'etendue du seulement pour les semences a reduit les depistage des sources de resistance deplacement des produits chimiques populations de printemps de la capside de la genetique au puce ron russe du ble. La agricoles dans les eauxde surface et les temperature de congelation de ce puceron luzerne. approvisionnements en eau souterraine dans des conditions controlees se situait Cultures de plein champ On a homologue seront evalues dans Ie cadre d'une nouvelle entre - 24 et - 29°C. II est possible de lutter I'AC Stirling, premier cultivar de tournesol etude sur Ie sol et I'eau. contre Ie tetranyque du ble en interrompant qui convient a la fois au commerce des Vne nouvelle etude sur I'ecologie de la I'accroissement progressif des populations plantes oleagineuses et des graines pour rhizosphere portera sur la stimulation et en incluant dans la rotation une annee de oiseaux. Ce cultivar resiste bien a la I'inhibition de la croissance par des jachere ou la culture d'un oleagineux ou pourriture sclerotique du capitule et a un interactions entre un microorganisme et les d'une legumineuse. La mue entre les stades rendement superieur de 16 % a celui du racines. larvaires chez Ie ver gris occupe pres du tiers Saffire. On a elabore une technique de du temps de developpement larvaire. L'etat depistage de la resistance a la Sclerotinia L'analyse moleculaire et des techniques de mue d'une population de vers gris peut sclerotiorum pour les piantes oleagineuses et de genie genetique permettront de creer des avoir un effet marque sur l'efficacite a court les legumineuses a grain. L'ethalfluraline cultivars de pomme de terre possectant une terme de I'insecticide. (Edge) et I'imazethapyr (Pursuit) ont permis resistance accrue a la maladie et une de mieux lutter contre la morelle poilue chez meilleure qualite de transformation apres Autres cereales On a homologue Ie Bridge, Ie haricot sec. Par la suite, on a homologue stockage a basse temperature:. un cultivar d'orge fourragere de printemps a l'etha1fluraline et ce produit a ete applique deux rangs, avec ecorce qui convient bien a On a entrepris un projet de collaboration sur 90 % des superficies cultivees en la culture dans la partie ouest des Prairies avec les stations de Beaverlodge et de thermopsis a feuilles rhomboi'dales. canadiennes. II presente un potentiel de Saskatoon afin de creer des cultivars de rendement eleve, un poids specifique eleve Pommes de terre Deux brins d'ADN canola et de moutarde de qualite canola et de gros grains. La reflexion radar mesuree complementaire du gene de la proteine de adaptee a la region sud-ouest des Prairies. par teledetection a ete utilisee pour evaluer revetement du virus de I'enroulement de la La lutte biologique contre la folie I'etat des differentes cultures et des sols. La pomme de terre peuvent etre utilises pour avoine, la setaire verte et d'autres mauvaises reflexion radar permet d'evaluer l'humidite obtenir un niveau eleve de resistance au herbes faisant appel a des organismes totale du couvert des recoltes, la biomasse virus chez la variete transgenique Russet propres au systeme racinaire est etudiee. Le totale des vegetaux, l'humidite du sol dans Burbank. Des essais au champ ont montre transfert de techniques de lutte biologique les dix premiers centimetres de sol nu et la les effets netastes sur Ie rendement de contre les mauvaises herbes decoulant de rugosite du sol superficiel. tubercules de calibre plant exposes a des travaux de recherche effectUl~sa la station de temperatures inferieures au point de Plantes fourrageres Les rendements en Regina est en bonne voie. proteines brutes etaient tres importants 168 Lethbridge 1992 Ressources Beke, G.J.; Hironaka, R. 1991. Toxicity to metabolite of phenelzine in the rat. J. La station de recherches est situee dans Ie beef cattle of sulfur in saline well water: a Pharm. Sci. 80(8):765-767. Centre agricole, ou elle partage les case study. Sci. Total Environ. 101:281- 290. Dormaar, J.E; Beaudoin, A.B. 1991. installations avec Ie Bureau de secteur Beke, G.J.; Sommerfeldt, T.G. 1991. Impact Application of soil chemistry to interpret d'Agriculture Alberta et la Direction of subsurface volcanic-ash layer on the cultural events at the Calderwood Buffalo generale de la production et de l'inspection properties of a southern Alberta soil with Jump (DkPj-27), southern Alberta, Canada. des aliments d'Agriculture Canada. shallow water table. Can. J. Soil Sci. Geoarchaeology 6(1):85-98. Elle posse de egalement trois 71:495-506. Dormaar, J.E; Foster, R.c. 1991. Nascent sous-stations : un elevage de bovinsde Blackshaw, R.E. 1991. Control of downy aggregates in the rhizosphere of perennial boucherie de 17 000 ha, pres de brome (Bromus tectornm) in conservation ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). Can. J. Soil Manyberries; un ranch de 400 ha, pres de fallow sytems. Weed Technol. 5:557-562. Sci. 71:467-474. Stavely, dans les contreforts des Rocheuses; Blackshaw, R.E. 1991. Soil temperature and Dormaar, J.E; Willms, WD. 1991. Water une sous-station d'irrigation de 130 ha, it moisture effects on downy brome vs. winter extractable organic matter from plant litter Vauxhall. La station occupe un terrain qui canola, wheat, and rye emergence. Crop Sci. and soil of rough fescue grassland. J. Range couvre une superficie de 18 030 ha. 31:1034-1040. Manage. 45:152-158. La station dispose de 267 annees- Blackshaw, R.E.; Esau, R. 1991. Control of Entz, T.; Chang, C 1991. Evaluation of soil personnes et emploie 71 professionnels. annual broadleaf weeds in pinto beans sampling schemes for geostatistical analyses: (Phaseolus vulgaris). Weed Technol. A case study for soil bulk density. Can. J. • 5:532-538. Soil Sci. 71:165-176. Blackshaw, R.E.; Rode, L.M. 1991. Effect of Foster, R.c.; Dormaar, J.E 1991. ResearCh Publications Publications de recherche ensiling and rumen digestion by cattle on Bacteria-grazing amoebae in situ in the weed seed viability. Weed Sci. 39:104-108. rhizosphere. BioI. Fertil. Soils 11:83-87. Antram, R.J.; McCutcheon, S.N.; Blair, H.T.; Lee, J.; McClelland, L.A. 1991. Wool sulfur Butts, R.A.; Lamb, R.J. 1991. Pest status of Fraser, J. 1991. Flowering in native white concentration and output in fleeceweight- Iygus bugs (Hemiptera: Miridae) in oilseed clover (Trifolium repens) populations and selected and control Romney sheep. Aust. J. Brassicae crops. J. Econ. Entomol. cultivars in Nova Scotia. Can. J. Plant Sci. Agr. Res. 42(2):269-278. 84(5):1591-1596. 71:1173-1177. Bailey, D.R.C; Gilbert, R.P.; Beauchemin, Butts, R.A.; Lamb, R.J. 1991. Seasonal Gaudet, D.A.; Kiesling, R.L.1991. Variation K.A.; Petitclerc, D. 1991. Effects of creep abundance of three Lygus species in aggressiveness among and within races of feeding and breed composition on growth of (Heteroptera: Miridae) in oilseed rape and Ustilago hordei on barley. Phytopathology heifer calves and milk production of their . alfalfa in Alberta. J. Econ. Entomol. 81:1385-1390. dams. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 71:621-627. 84(2):450-456. Gaudet, D.A.; Kokko, E.G.; Sholberg, P.L. Bailey, D.R.C; Gilbert, R.P.; Lawson, J.E. Chang, C; Pang, D.W; Sommerfeldt, T.G. 1990. Histopathology of apple fruit infected 1991. Postweaning growth of unselected 1990. Automated laboratory gamma-ray soil with strains of the low-temperature Hereford and Angus cattle fed two different density measurement system. Can. Agric. basidomycete Coprinus psychromorbidus. diets. J. Anim. Sci. 69:2403-2412. Eng. 33:27- 30. Can. J. Plant. Pathol. 12:369-375. Baron, R. W; Colwell, D.D. 1991. Enhanced Chang, C; Sommerfeldt, T.G.; Entz, T. 1991. Gaudet, D.A.; Kozub, G.c. 1991. Screening resistance to cattle grub infestation Soil chemistry after eleven annual winter wheat for resistance to cottony snow (Hypodenna linea tum de Vill.) in calves applications of cattle feedlot manure. J. mold under controlled conditions. Can. J. immunized with purified hypodermin A, B Environ. Qual. 20(2):475-480. Plant Sci. 71:957-965. and C plus monophosphoryllipid A (MPL). Cheng, K.-J.; Kudo, H.; ...; et al. 1991. Gaudet, D.A.; Puchalski, B.J.; Entz, T. 1991. Vet. Parasitol. 38:185-197. Prevention of fungal colonization and Culm height and susceptibility of Canadian Beauchemin, K.A. 1991. Effects of dietary digestion of cellulose by the addition of winter and spring wheat cultivars to common neutral detergent fiber concentration and methylcellulose. Can. J. Microbiol. bunt (Til/etia tritici and T. laevis). Can. J. alfalfa hay quality on chewing, rumen 37:484-487. Plant Sci. 71:677-687. function, and milk production of dairy cows. Colwell, D.D. 1991. Ultrastructure of the Goettel, M.S.; Richards, K.W 1991. Biology J. Dairy Sci. 74:3140-3151. integument of first-instar Hypodenna and control of chalkbrood, a fungal disease Beauchemin, K.A.; Farr, B.I.; Rode, L.M. linea tum and H. bovis (Diptera: Oestridae). of the alfalfa leafcutter bee, Megachile 1991. Enhancement of the effective fiber J. Med. Entomol. 28(1):86-94. rotundata. Acta Hortic. 288:386-390. content of barley-based concentrates fed to Conner, R.L.; Thomas, J.B.; Whelan, E.D.P. Goettel, M.S.; Richards, K.W; Schaalje, dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 74:3128-3139. 1991. Comparison of mite resistance for G.B. 1991. Bioassay of selected fungicides Beke, G.J.; Foroud, N.; Channappa, T.C; control of wheat streak mosaic. Crop Sci. for control of chalkbrood in alfalfa leafcutter Entz, T. 1990. Runoff and soil loss from 31(2):315 - 318. bees, Megachile rotundata. Apidologie experimental plots in southern Alberta using Coutts, R.T.; Mozayani, A.; Danielson, T.J.; 22:509-522. simulated rainfall. Can. Agric. Eng. Baker, G.B. 1991. Tissue levels and some Gray, T.G.; Shepherd, R.E; Struble, D.L.; 33:205- 210. pharmacological properties of an acetylated Byers, J.R.; Maher, T.E 1991. Selection of pheromone trap and attractant dispenser Lethbridge 1992 169 load to monitor black army cutworm, Insam, H.; Mitchell, c.c.; Dormaar, J.E Lynch, D.R; Wastie, R.L.; ...; et al. 1991. Actebiafennica. J. Chern. Ecol. 17:309-316. 1991. Relationship of soil microbial biomass Screening for resistance to early blight Hill, B.D.; Inaba, D.J. 1991. Dissipation of and activity with fertilization practice and (Alternaria solani) in potato (Solanum tuberosum lambda-cyhalothrin on fallow vs. cropped crop yield of three ultisols. Soil BioI. L.) using toxic metabolites soil. J. Agric. Food Chern. 39:2282-2284. Biochem. 23(5):459-464. produced by the fungus. Potato Res. 34:297- 304. Hironaka, R; Bailey, c.B.; Rode, L.M.; Janzen, H.H.; Karamanos, RE. 1991. Schaalje, G.B. 1991. Biological value of Short-term and residual contribution of Lysyk, T.J. 1991. Effects of temperature, crude protein for sheep fed timothy hay. selected elemental S fertilizers to the S food, and sucrose feeding on longevity ofthe Can. J. Anim. Sci. 71:855-860. fertility of two Luvisolic soils. Can. J. Soil house fly (Diptera: Muscidae). Environ. Sci. 71:203-211. Entomol. 20(4):1176-1180. Hironaka, R; Kozub, G.c. 1991. The influence of digestible energy concentration Janzen, H.H.; McGinn, S.M. 1991. Volatile Lysyk, T.J. 1991. Modelling oviposition of of the diet on feed intake and rate of gain by loss of nitrogen during decompostion of the house fly (Diptera: Muscidae). Can. beef steers. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 71:363-369. legume green manure. Soil BioI. Biochem. Entomol. 123:345-352. 23:291-297. Hu, Y.J.; Smith, D.C.; Cheng, K.-J.; Lysyk, T.J. 1991. Use of life history parameters to improve a rearing method for Costerton, C.W 1991. Cloning ofxylanase Janzen, H.H.; Roberts, T.L.; Lindwall, C.W horn fly,Haematobia [rritans (L.) (Diptera: gene from Fibrobacter succinogenes 135 and 1991. Uptake of-point-injected nitrogen by winter wheat as influenced by time of Muscidae), on bovine hosts. Can. Entomol. its expressionn in Escherichia coli. Can. J. 123:1199-1207. Microbiol. 37:554-561. application. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 55(1):259- 264. Lysyk,T.J.; Colwell, D.D.; Baron, RW 1991. Huang, H.C. 1991. Induction of A model for estimating abundance of cattle myceliogenic germination of sclerotia of Johnson, D.L.; Proctor, H.C. 1991. Effects grub (Diptera: Oestridae) from the proportion Sclerotinia sclerotiorum by exposure to of phytoseiid predators on the sex ratio of of uninfested cattle as determined by sub-freezing temperatures. Plant Pathol. the spider mite Panonychus ulmi. Can. J. serology. Med. Vet. Entomol. 5:253-258. 40:621-625. Zool. 69:208-212. MacNeil, M.D.; Bailey, D.RC.; Urick, J.J.; Huang, H.C.; Hanna, M.R 1991. An Kaldy, M.S.; Rubenthaler, G.I.; Kereliuk, Gilbert, RP.; Reynolds, WL. 1991. efficient method to evaluate alfalfa cultivars G.R.; Berhow, M.A.; Vandercook, C. E. Heritabilities and genetic correlations for for resistance to verticillium wilt. Can. J. 1991. Relationship of selected flour postweaning growth and feed intake of beef Plant Sci. 71:871-875. constituents to baking quality in soft white wheat. Cereal Chern. 68(5):508-512. bulls and steers. J. Anim. Sci. Huang, H.-C.; Janzen, H.H. 1991. Control of 69:3183-3189. carpogenic germination of sclerotia of Karamanos, RE.; Janzen, H.H. 1991. Crop reponse to elemental sulfur fertilizers in Major, D.J.; Beasley, B.W; Hamilton, RI. Sclerotinia sclerotiorum by volatile 1991. Effect of maize maturity on radiation- substances from urea. Plant Protec. Bull. central Alberta. Can. J. Soil Sci. use efficiency. Agron. J. 83(5):895-903. 33:283-289. 71:213-225. Major, D.J.; Hanna, M.R; Beasley, B.W Huang, H.C.; Kozub, G.c. 1991. Kawchuk, L.M.; Martin, RR; McPherson, 1991. Photoperiod response characteristics Monocropping to sunflower and decline of J. 1991. Sense and antisense RNA-mediated of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) cultivars. Can. sclerotinia wilt. Bot. Bull. Academia Sinica resistance to potato leafroll virus in Russet J. Plant Sci. 71:87-93. 32:163-170. Burbank potato plants. Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. 4:247- 253. Major, D.J.; Morrison, RJ.; Blackshaw, Huang, H.C.; Kozub, G.c. 1991. Li, J.; Heath, I.B.; Cheng, K.-J. 1991. The RE.; Roth, B.T. 1991. Agronomy of dryland Temperature requirements for carp'ogenic development and zoospore ultrastructure of corn production at the northern fringe of the germination of sclerotia of Sclerotinia a polycentric chytridiomycete gut fungus, Great Plains. J. Produc. Agric. 4:606-613. sclerotiorum isolates of different geographic Orpinomyces joyonii. Comb. Nov. Can. J. origin. Bot. Bull. Academia Sinica May, K.W 1991. Bridge two-row feed Bot. 69:580-589. 32:279-286. barley. Can. J. Plant Sci. 71:1151-1153. Huang, H.C.; Phillippe, L.M.; Phillippe, Lynch, D.R.; Coleman, M.C.; Lyon, G.D. McAllister, T.A.; Rode, L.M.;;Cheng, K.-J.; R.C. 1990. Pink seed of pea: A new disease 1991. Effect of Alternaria solani culture Forsberg, C.W 1991. Selection of a filtrate on adventitious shoot regeneration in caused by Envinia rhapontici. Can. J. Plant sterilization method for the study of cereal potato. Plant Cell Rep. 9:607-610. Pathol. 12:445-448. grain digestion. J. Anim. Sci. 69:3039-3043. Huang, H.C.; Sun, S.K. 1991. Effects of S-H Lynch, D.R; Kozub, G.C. 1991. The Mears, G.J. 1990. Immunization of lambs association between potato tuber yield and mixture of Perlka on carpogenic germination against somatostatin to improve growth rate. the components of yield in irrigated and and survival of sclerotia of Sclerotinia Can. J. Anim. Sci. 70:1091-1097. dryland environments in the prairies. Can. J. sclerotiorum. Soil BioI. Biochem. Plant Sci. 71:279-287. Mears, G.J. 1990. Relationship between 23(9):809-813. birth weight and growth rate in calves. Can. Lynch, D.R; Nelson, G.A.; ...; et al. 1991. Hynes, M.E; O'Connell, M.P. 1990. Host J. Anim. Sci. 70:1202. plant effect on competition among strains of Niska: A maincrop chipping potato cultivar with high specific gravity and good quality Moyer, J.R.; Richards, K.W; Schaalje, G.B. Rhizobium leguminosarum. Can. J. after storage. Am. Potato J. 68:143-149. 1991. Effect of plant density and herbicide Microbiol. 36:864-869. application on alfalfa seed and weed yields. Can. J. Plant Sci. 71:481-489. 170 Le~hbridge1992 Newman, J.A.; ...; Coulter, G.H.; Mears, and low pressure sprays. Pestic. Sci. G.J; et al. 1990. Effects of zeranol 32:253-258. implantation on growth, feed conversion, Taylor, WG.; Schreck, C.E. 1991. Synthesis testicular development and behavioral traits and mosquito repellent priorities of some of young bulls fed for slaughter. Can. J. 2-alkyl-N-acetyloxazolidines. Pestic. Sci. Anim. Sci. 70:1005-1016. 33:1-9. Rashid, KY.; Bernier, c.c.; Conner, R.L. Thomas, J.B.; Whelan, E.D.P. 1991. 1991. Evaluation of fava bean for resistance Genetics of wheat curl mite resistance in to Ascochyta fabae and development of host wheat: Recombination of Cmc1 with the differentials for race indentification. Plant 6D centromere. Crop Sci. 31:936-938. Dis. 75:852-855. Voldeng, H.D.; Saindon, G. 1991. Olson, B.M.; Lindwall, C.W 1991. Soil Registration of high-protein soybean microbial activity under chemical fallow germplasm line OT89-16. Crop Sci. 31:1100. conditions: effects of 2,4-D and glyphosate. Soil BioI. Biochem. 23:(11)1071-1075. Volkmar, KM. 1991. Abscisic acid and ethylene increase in Heterodera Richards, K W 1990. Effectiveness of the avenae-infected tolerant or intolerant oat alfalfa leafcutter bee as a pollinator of cultivars. J. Nematol. 23(4):425-431. legume forage crops. Acta Hortic. 288:180-184. Whelan, E.D.P. 1991. Differential response to chilling injury of the group 6 chromosomes Sadasivaiah, R.S.; Thomas, J.B. 1991. of cv. Chinese Spring wheat. Genome Registration of'SWS-52' spring wheat. Crop 34:144-150. Sci. 31(2):491. Willms, WD. 1991. Cutting frequency and Sadasivaiah, R.S.; Thomas, J.B. 1991. cutting height effects on rough fescue and . SWS-52 soft white spring wheat. Can. J. Parry oat grass yields. J. Range Manage. Plant Sci. 71:531-534. 44(1):82-86. Saindon, G. 1991. Registration of four pairs Willms, WD.; Beauchemin, KA. 1991. of 'Maple Presto' derived soybean genetic Cutting frequency and cutting height effects stocks. Crop Sci. 31:1398-1399. on forage quality of rough fescue and Parry Saindon, G. 1991. Registration of seven oat grass. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 71:87-96. long-daylength insensitive soybean genetic stocks. Crop Sci. 31:1399. Saindon, G.; Michaud, R.; St-Pierre, c.A. 1991. Breeding for root yield in alfalfa. Can. J. Plant Sci. 71:727-735. 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Evaluation of permethrin for the protection of cattle against mosquitoes .(Diptera: Culicidae), applied as electrostatic Lethbridge 1992 171 AGASSIZ Research Station Station de recherches Research Branch Direction generale de la recherche Agriculture Canada Agriculture Canada 6947 NO.7 Highway 6947, route nO7 P.O. Box 1000 e.P.lOOO Agassiz, British Columbia Agassiz (Colombie-Britanniqut:) VOM lAO VOM lAO Tel. (604) 796-2221 Tel. Fax (604) 796-2221 Telecopie EM AGASRA::DIRECTOR e.E. RfeSSional Staff Rsonnel professionnel Director J.M. Molnar, Ph.D. Directeur Administration Officer D. Neve, B.A. Agente d'administration Scientific Support Soutien scientifUJue Librarian D.L. Stack Boyd, M.L.S. Bibliothecaire Analyst - Programmer D.H. Frey, B.Sc. Analyste-programmeur Animal Science Zootechnie Section Head; Dairy cattle L.J. Fisher, Ph.D. Chef de section; alimentation des bovins nutrition laitiers Poultry behavior R.e. Newberry, Ph.D. Comportement de la volaille Poultry nutrition T.A. Scott, Ph.D. Alimentation de la volaille Crop Science Phytotechnie Section Head; Weed control S. Freyman, Ph.D. Chef de section; desherbage Vegetable physiology P.A. Bowen, Ph.D. Physiologie des legumes Greenhouse vegetable physiology D.L. Ehret, Ph.D. Physiologie des legumes de serre Greenhouse vegetable entomology D.R. Gillespie, Ph.D. Entomologie-Iegumes de serre Kiwi fruit, new crops e. Kempler, M.Sc. Kiwis, cultures exotiques Greenhouse vegetables-postharvest We. Lin, Ph.D. Physiologie post-culturale des legumes physiology de serre Greenhouse vegetables-plant pathology J.G. Menzies, Ph.D. Pathologie des legumes de serre Field vegetables-postharvest physiology P.M. Toivonen, Ph.D. Physiologie post-culturale des legumes de plein air Soil and Environmental Protection Sol et protection de l'environnement Section Head; Forage crop S. Bittman, Ph.D. Chef de section; regie des cultures management fourrageres Inorganic biochemistry WT. Buckley, Ph.D. Biochimie inorganique Soil biochemistry and fertility e.G. Kowalenko, Ph.D. Biochimie et fertilite des sols Soil biochemistry J.W Paul, Ph.D. Biochimie des sols Soil physics B.J. Zebarth, Ph.D. Physique des sols Mndate The Agassiz Research Station develops Soil and fertilizer management systems compared with orchardgrass in two trials production systems for for the Fraser Valley region of British with lactating cows. The feeding value of tall • poultry Columbia and storage systems for vegetables fescue silage was equivalent to orchardgrass • dairy cattle are also developed . silage, but cows consumed twice the • forage dry-matter intake of tall fescue at a higher • field vegetables Achievements rate. • small fruits Dairy cattle forage The feeding value and Protein degradation of ensiled forages The • greenhouse vegetables. palatability of tall fescue silage were ensiling process significantly changes the 172 Agassiz 1992 protein fraction of forages. Wilting forages Selenium nutrition A new stable isotope que la normale de tryptophane a reduit les before ensiling reduced the effect of ensiling tracer method was developed, which battements d'ailes chez les poulets lorsqu'ils on protein degradation but increased the permitted the determination of true Se sont manipules et a raccourci la periode risk of heat damage to the protein absorption in dairy cows for the first time. d'immobilite suivant la manipulation. Un component. Se absorption was found to be 10-16% of dosage approprie d'elements proteiques Poultry behavior Feeding a diet containing dietary Se intake and was unaffected by dans Ie regime alimentaire pourrait higher than usual levels of tryptophan supplemental dietary Cu. permettre de limiter les blessures et Ie stress que peuvent subir les poulets lors du reduced wing flapping when chickens were Resources handled and immobility following handling. ramassage et du transport. Manipulation of the protein components of The Agassiz Research Station was Residus de seigle de printemps Les residus diet may help to reduce injuries and stress to established in 1886 under the terms of the de seigle de printemps forment, Ie printemps chickens during catching and transportation. Experimental Farm Act and was one of the suivant, un tapis protecteur constitue de five original experimental farms in Canada. Spring rye residues Residue from spring rye matieres mortes. On a decouvert que les The station operates two farms in Agassiz forms a protective mat of dead material the residus de seigle, qui n'ont pas ete deplaces, covering 665 ha and a substation at following spring. The undisturbed residue empechaient l'apparition des mauvaises Abbotsford with 8 ha. The staff comprises was found to suppress early weed emergence herbes au debut de la saison, mais 58 person-years, including 19 professionals. but to enhance later weed growth in plots favorisaient par apres leur croissance dans planted with vegetables. Sweet corn and les parcelles de legumes. Ce sont Ie mals beans grew best. Tillage also stimulated • sucre et Ie haricot qui ont pousse Ie mieux. weed emergence but the tilled plots with no Le travail du sol a aussi stimule la croissance Mndat residue still had fewer weeds than those that de mauvaises herbes, mais les parcelles had spring rye growing. Plots with no rye La Station de recherches d'Agassiz elabore travaillees qui ne contenaient pas de residus and no tillage remained virtually weed free. des systemes de production propres aux avaient tout de meme moins de mauvaises domaines suivants : herbes que les parcelles ou poussait du Shelf life of greenhouse cucumbers • volailles seigle de printemps. Les parcelles non Postharvest yellowing of long English travaillees ne contenant pas de seigle sont cucumber terminates its marketable shelf • bovins laitiers • fourrages demeurees presque entierement exemptes life. Calcium is considered an important de mauvaises herbes. element for maintaining postharvest quality • legumes de plein air • petits fruits in many fruits. Experiments to raise calcium Duree de conservation du concombre de • legumes de serre. content in cucumber failed to improve shelf serre Le jaunissement apres recolte du life. High light conditions during fruit De plus, on y poursuit des recherches concombre anglais met fin a sa duree de production, however, resulted in the best afin de mettre au point des systemes de conservation sur Ie marche. On considere shelf life of about 2 weeks. gestion des sols et des engrais pour la region que Ie calcium est un element important de la vallee du Fraser, en Colombie- pour Ie maintien de la qualite apres la Measuring freshness in stored broccoli recolte de nombreux fruits. On a donc eleve Chlorophyll fluorescence was used to Britannique, ainsi que des systemes d'entreposage pour les legumes. la teneur en calcium du concombre afin d'en monitor changes in broccoli over 3-week accroltre ainsi la duree de conservation. Ces storage periods. The method is Realisations experiences ont echoue. Toutefois,un eclairage nondestructive, simple, and very sensitive. intense fourni durant la fructification a The technique indicates loss of freshness Fourrages pour bovins laitiers On a augmente la duree de conservation du that precedes visually detectable compare la valeur fourragere et la concombre d'environ 2 semaines. deterioration and shows promise as a palatabilite de la fetuque elevee ensilee avec predictor of shelf life. celles du dactyle pelotonne lors de deux Evaluation de la fraicheur du brocoli essais menes sur des vaches allaitantes. La entrepose On a utilise la f1uorescem:e de la Yield and quality in forage grasses valeur fourragere de la fetuque elevee chlorophylle pour observer les changements . Producers in south coastal British Columbia ensilee etait equivalente a celie du dactyle que subissait Ie brocoli au cours des periodes use grass varieties ranging in maturity to pelotonne ensile. Cependant, les vaches ont de 3 semaines d'entreposage. Cette methode spread out the harvesting season and hedge consomme plus facilement la fetuque elevee, est non destructive, simple et tres efficace. against bad harvesting weather. Research et l'ingestion de matiere seche a ete deux Elle permet de deceler la perte de fraicheur has shown that to obtain best yield and fois plus elevee. avant que celle-ci ne soit visible a l'ceil nu et quality forage from late varieties, they should pourrait etre utilisee comme indicateur de be harvested later than early varieties but Degradation proteique des fourrages ensiles duree de conservation. not as late as indicated by their growth stage. L'ensilage modifie considerablement la teneur proteique des plantes fourrageres. Le Rendement et qua lite des graminees Copper nutrition and metabolism A prefanage a limite la degradation des fourrageres Les producteurs de la cote sud computer model was developed to describe proteines causee par l'ensilage, mais a de la Colombie-Britannique utilisent des the nutrition and metabolism of Cu in augmente Ie risque de deterioration de la varietes de graminees fourrageres de lactating dairy cows. It is the first whole- fraction protei que par echauffement de maturite differente pour allonger la saison body, kinetic model of Cu metabolism in any l'ensilage. des recoltes et parer aux mauvaises animal species. A variation of the model is conditions climatiques pouvant survenir being used to study the copper requirements Comportement des volailles Une durant la moisson. Des recherches ont of humans. alimentation contenant un taux plus eleve Agassiz 1992 173 montre que, dans Ie cas des varietes tardives, Freyman, S.; Toivonen, P.M.; Perrin, P.W; Vernon, R.S.; Gillespie, D.R. 1990. pour obtenir un meilleur rendement et une Lin, We.; Hall, J.W 1991.Effect of nitrogen Response of Frankliniella occidentalis qualite fourragere superieure, on doit les fertilization on yield, storage losses and (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) and Triaeviodes recolter plus tard que les varietes hatives, chemical composition of winter cabbage. vaporariorum (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) to mais pas aussi tardivement que semble Can. J. Plant Sci. 71:943-946. fluorescent trap in a cucumber greenhouse. l'indiquer leur stade de vegetation. Jelinski, D.E.; Fisher, L.J. 1991. Spatial J. Entomol. Soc. B.e. 87:38-41. Absorption et metabolisme du cuivre On a variability in the nutrient composition of Wade, A.P.; Sibbald, D.B.; Bailey, M.N.; elabore un modele informatique decrivant Populus tremuloides: clone-to-clone Belchamber, R.M.; Bittman, S.; McLean, l'absorption et Ie metabolisme du cuivre differences and implications for cervoids. J.A.; Wentsell, P.D. 1991. An analytical chez les vaches laitieres allaitantes. C'est Ie Oecologia 88:116-124. perspective on acoustic emission. Anal. premier modele cinetique total du Koenig, K.M.; Buckley, WT.; Shelford, J.A. Chern. 63:497A-508A. metabolisme du cuivre jamais elabore pour 1991. Measurement of endogenous fecal Zebarth, B.J.; Alder, Y.; Sheard, R.W 1991. une espece animale. On utilise presentement excretion and true absorption of selenium in In situ labelling of legume residues with a une variante du modele pour etudier les dairy cows. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 71:167-174. foliar application of a 15_Nenriched urea besoins humains en cuivre. Koenig, K.M.; .I;3uckley,WT.; Shelford, J.A. solution. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. Absorption du selenium On a mis au point 1991. True absorption of selenium in dairy 22:437-447. une nouvelle methode de tra~age aux cows: stable isotope tracer methodology and Zebarth, B.J.; Freyman, S.; Kowalenko, e.G. isotopes stables qui a permis pour la effect of dietary copper. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 1991. Influence of nitrogen fertilization on premiere fois de determiner l'absorption 71:175-183. cabbage yield, head nitrogen content and reelle de selenium chez les vaches laitieres. Lin, We.; Ehret, D.L. 1991. Nutrient extractable soil inorganic nitrogen at On a decouvert que 10-16 % du selenium harvest. Can. J. Plant Sci. 71:12:75--'1280. consomme quotidienne~ent etait assimile et concentration and fruit thinning affect shelf .qu'un supplement cuivrique n'influen~ait en life of long English cucumber. HortScience Zebarth, B.J.; Sheard, R.W 1991. rien l'absorption de cet element. 26:1299-1300. Interaction of the rate of P and K Makoni, N.F.; Shelford, J.A.; Fisher, L.J. fertilizarion on the yield response of three Ressources 1990. The rate and extent of silage protein forage legume species. Can. J. Plant Sci. 71:877-880. La station a ete creee en 1886,en application degradation in the rumen as influenced by de la Loi sur les stations agronomiques. Elle maturity and wilting. Can. J. Anim. Sci. Zebarth, B.J.; Sheard, R.W 1991. Response est l'une des cinq fermes experimentales 70:245":'248. of barley yield and yield components to d'origine au pays. Elle fait fonctionner deux Melakeberhan, H.; Toivonen, P.M.A.; nitrogen rate under low and high input fermes a Agassiz, dont la superficie totalise Vidaver, WE.; Webster, J.M.; Dube, S.L. management systems. Can. J. Plant Sci. 71:71-80. 665 h 174 Agassiz 1992 SUMMERLAND Research Station Station de recherches Research Branch Direction generale de la recherche Agriculture Canada Agriculture Canada Highway 97 Route 97 Summerland, British Columbia Summerland (Colombie-Britannique) VOH 1Z0 VOH 1Z0 Tel. (604) 494-7711 Tel. Fax (604) 494-0755 Telecopie EM OTIB::EM402MAIL C.E. RfeSSional Staff R,sonnel professionnel Director J. Dueck, Ph.D. Directeur Head, Administration L.c. Godfrey, B.Sc. Chef, Administration Librarian (seconded in) P.Watson, M.Lib. Bibliothecaire (detache) Computer Systems Manager J. Wild, M.Div. Gestionnaire des systemes informatiques Entomology-Plant Pathology Entomologie-Phytopathologie Section Head; Biological control R.S. Utkhede, Ph.D. Chef de section; lutte biologique Integrated control J.E. Cossentine, Ph.D. Lutte integree Management of codling moth VA. Dyck, Ph.D. Lutte contre la carpocapse de la pomme Biotechnology K. Eastwell, Ph.D. Biotechnologie Insect behavioral ecology G. Judd, Ph.D. Ecologie du comportement des insectes Postharvest diseases P.L. Sholberg, Ph.D. Maladies post-recolte Pesticide resistance M.J. Smirle, Ph.D. Resistance aux pesticides Food Processing Transformation des aliments Section Head; Food chemistry H.J.T. Beveridge, Ph.D. Chef de section; chimie des aliments Sensory evaluation (education leave) M. Cliff, M.Sc. Analyse sensorielle (en conge d'etudes) Food processing B. Girard, Ph.D. Transformation des aliments Food microbiology Vacant Microbiologie alimentaire Pomology and Viticulture Pomologie et viticulture Section Head; Plant physiology N.E. Looney, Ph.D. Chef de section; physiologie des plantes Vegetation management E.J. Hogue, Ph.D. Regie de la vegetation Fruit tree management E Kappel, Ph.D. Recherches en arboriculture fruitiere Tree fruit breeding W.D. Lane, Ph.D. Amelioration des arbres fruitiers Fruit storage M. Meheriuk, Ph.D. Conservation des fruits Coldhardiness H.A. Quamme, Ph.D. Rusticite Grape management A.G. Reynolds, Ph.D. Regie des vignobles Fruit quality P.Wiersma, Ph.D. Qualite des fruits Soil Science and Agricultural Engineering Science des sols et genie agricole Section Head; Soil fertility G.H. Neilsen, Ph.D. Chef de section; fertilite du sol Plant-water relations R. Berard, Ph.D. Relation plante-irrigation Environmental chemistry A.P. Gaunce, Ph.D. Chimie de l'environnement Agricultural equipment A.L. Moyls, Ph.D. Materiel agricole Irrigation engineering P. Parchomchuk, Ph.D. Irrigation-ingenierie Kamloops Kamloops Research Station Station de recherches Research Branch Direction generale de la recherche Agriculture Canada Agriculture Canada 3015 Ord Road 3015, chemin Ord Kamloops, British Columbia . Kamloops (Colombie-Britannique) V2B8A9 V2B8A9 Summerland 1992 175 Tel. (604) 376-5565 Tel. Fax (604) 376-7334 Telecopie EM KAMLRA::KAMAIL C.E. Director K. Broersma, Ph.D. Directeur Administrative Officer K.J. Robinson Agent d'administration Animal and Range Science Zootechnie et science des parcours Biochemistry W Majak, Ph.D. Biochimie Ruminant digestive physiology P.S.Mir, Ph.D. Nutrition et physiologie des ruminants Ruminant nutrition Z. Mir, Ph.D. Nutrition des ruminants Range management-ecology D.A. Quinton, Ph.D. Ecologie et regie des parcours Crop and Soil Science Phytotechnie et science des sols Forage physiology D.G. Stout, Ph.D. Physiologie des piantes fourrage:res Soil research A.L. van Ryswyk, Ph.D. Recherche sur les sols Computer Science Informatique Computer administration R.B. Reaney Gestion informatique Prince George Prince George Experimental Farm Ferme experimentale Research Branch Direction generale de la recherche Agriculture Canada . Agriculture Canada c/o 3015 Ord Road a/s de 3015, route Ord Kamloops, British Columbia Kamloops (Colombie-Britannique) V2B 8A9 V2B8A9 Kelowna Kelowna Substation Sous-station Box 189 B.P. 189 East Kelowna, British Columbia Kelowna Est (Colombie-Britannique) VOH lCO VOH lCO Tel. (604) 861-4141 Tel. Scientist in Charge G.H. Neilsen Chercheur responsable Farm Manager L.c. Owen Contremaltre Creston Creston Substation Sous-station Site 67-1, R.R. #2 Emplacement 67-1, R.R. #2 Creston, British Columbia Creston (Colombie-Britannique) Tel. (604) 428-4644 Tel. Scientist in Charge R.S. Vtkhede Chercheur responsable Farm Manager P.Niemi Contremaltre SUMMERLAND management, control of plant growth and • storage and packaging (including productivity, and improving fruit quality mono ammonium phosphate) Mndate • integrated management of pests and • processing technology. The Summerland Research Station conducts diseases Achievements multidisciplinary research on tree fruits and • cultivar and rootstock breeding and grapes and on food technology for evaluation Apples A system was developed that horticultural crops including • food chemistry, sensory evaluation, and produces Ottawa-3 rootstock and branched • development of sustainable production fermentation apple nursery stock in approximately 1 year systems including soil and water resource compared with the standard 2:years. 176 Summerland 1992 A portable steam auger for thermal antagonists were effective in reducing decay permits detection of two viruses of economic sterilization of apple replant soils was for 40-50 days at 1°C but were not effective importance to cherry growers. developed. Trees planted in sites sterilized at at 20°e. Electron micrographs were used to Pear The major limiting factor in a unit cost of $1.09 had more than twice the characterize the apple juice haze that producing blemish-free pears is the control growth and 2.5 times more early fruit develops when an enzyme is added to digest of pear psylla and rust mite. Two biological production than trees planted in pectin during juice production. The control agents, abamectin and Neem, show nonsterilized soil. Treating soils with collaborating company (Sun Rype) has promise for psyllacontrol. The recommended mono ammonium phosphate (MAP) and instituted careful controls on enzyme rates of Guthion and Imidan were toxic to adding organic material, or applying strain addition to limit haze formation in juice. adult Anthocoris nemoralis F., an important EBW4 of Bacillus subtilis (Ehrenberg) Cohn Experimental results suggest that irradiation predator of pear psylla. A trapping as a root-dip treatment, offer effective doses of less than 75 Krad must be used for procedure involving use of a sticky band biological protection against replant long-term storage apples to minimize compound was used to capture emerging problems. browning. pear rust mites. This trapping method allows Application of fertilizers to fruit trees Methods were developed to isolate computer models to be developed that through trickle irrigation systems allowed N DNA from leaves and other tissues of apple. predict the emergence of this pest and allow rates to be reduced to as low as 25% of the DNA extracted from root material can be spray applications to be timed for proper broadcast rate without affecting growth, used to fingerprint apple rootstock. DNA control. Nontreated and filtered water was nutrient uptake, or yield. However, even at extracted from roots gave the same patterns found to contain more spores of Mucor spp. reduced rates, sandy soils were rapidly as that from leaves, demonstrating the than were found in chlorinated dump water. acidified. capability of identifying rootstock material Mucor spp. causes rotting of Anjou pear in Drip-irrigated apple trees had lower directly. storage. Packinghouses have been advised to leaf water potential and twice the fruit yields Cherry Sweetheart, a late-maturing, chlorinate dump water to protect pears from compared with microjet-irrigated trees. The self-fertile, high-yielding cherry, was rotting in storage. increased early production of drip-irrigated released to industry. This cultivar has better Peach, apricot, nectarine, plum Greenhouse apple trees is a major economic benefit to resistance to rain-induced splitting than do studies with peach seedlings have shown growers who are renovating orchards with the commercial ctiltivars now grown in beneficial growth effects of split-dose high-density plantings. The growth regulator British Columbia. Sweetheart accounted for applications of soluble phosphorus fertilizer aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) was found 14% of new cherry trees planted in 1991. A and possible toxic effects of a single-dose to be a very effective stopdrop agent that layer of hypodermal cells rich in protein application. Toxicitywas increased as root also delayed ethylene production but found in cultivars resistant to rain splitting is zone temperature increased. Fertigation, reduced the color development of apples. not present in cultivars sensitive to rain ideally suited for applying split doses of The sterile insect release (SIR) splitting. This trait may prove useful in the fertilizer, may be the most practical method program to eradicate the codling moth, the program for breeding sweet cherries. The for phosphorus fertilization of peach trees. primary insect pest of apples and pears in size of micropropagated Montmorency and The natural plant product Hinokitiol British Columbia, begins in 1992. The Lambert sour cherry trees was comparable prevented decay of commercially harvested rearing facility, the only one of its kind in the to that of trees budded on Fl2/1clonal peaches in which 41% of the nontreated world, is designed to produce 750 000 sterile rootstock, but the yield efficiency of the fruit developed brown rot. Hinokitiol is an codling moths a day. Pheromone disruption micropropagated trees was greater. A fruit extract of steam distillation of the root or has been shown to reduce populations of dryer developed by the research station trunk of Japanese cypress. codling moth well below the levels necessary performed very well under large-scale Grape Low heat unit sites in the north to initiate the SIR program. A report testing conditions. Complete mortality of Okanagan produced a higher concentration supporting registration of the mating- codling moth eggs was achieved with a of monoterpene flavor compounds and 3 disruption product Isomate-C has been methyl bromide fumigation dose of 64 g/m acidity than warmer sites in the south end of submitted. A patent on the use of the using ventilated cartons. Once this the valley. Tasters could distinguish among bacterium Enterobacter aerogenes (Kruse) procedure is refined, it is expected to allow wines vinted from grapes grown at the Hornaeche & Edwards for the control of the industry to meet requirements for various sites and among those from canopy- crown and root rot of apple trees is pending exporting cherries to Japan. Nucleic acid modification treatments. Naphthalenacetic in the United States and Canada. A sex hybridization assay is proving more reliable acid (NAA) and paclobutrazol were effective pheromone for the eyespotted bud moth has than the current bioassay system for for grape vine sucker control. Juice flavor been identified and field-tested. This work diagnosis of little cherry disease. Results can destined for wine making was found to be allows development of control methods for be read within 3 weeks of sampling, as increased by pressing, delayed harvest, and an insect pest that is expected to become a compared with 14-26 months using the pomace contact. These changes in flavor greater threat to pesticide-free apple conventional system. These results enhance content were verified by sensory evaluation. production after the SIR program is the potential for eradicating little cherry implemented. disease from cherry-growing regions. Resources Polyclonal antibodies and a panel of The station, located near Summerland in the Stored apples provided more stable monoclonal antibodies have been prepared Okanagan Valley, has a modern office and cloud than fresh apples, suggesting that against cherry rasp leaf virus and prune laboratory complex complete with pilot stored apples would be the preferred dwarf virus of cherries. This essential step feedstock to produce apple juice. Bacterial Summerland 1992 177 plant facilities for food research. Research Bacillus subtilis (Ehrenberg) Cohn en guise s'est revele efficace dans la reduction de la on tree fruit production and protection is de traitement des racines. degradation pendant 40 a 50jOur5:a 1 °C mais also done at substations in Kelowna and En appliquant des engrais aux arbres pas a 20°C. On a utilise des micrographes Creston. The station is on a land base of fruitiers au moyen de systemes d'irrigation electroniques pour caracteriser la turbidite 320 ha, of which approximately 90 ha are goutte a goutte, on a pu ramener les teneurs qui se forme dans Iejus de pomme lorsqu'on irrigated and available for tree fruit and en N jusqu'au quart des teneurs prevues, ajoute un enzyme pour la digestion de la viticulture research. The staff comprises sans qu'en souffrent la croissance, I'absorption pectine pendant la transformation en jus. 86.1 person-years, including 23 professional d'elements nutritifs et Ie rendement. L'entreprise collaboratrice (Sun Rype) a researchers. Cependant, meme avec ces teneurs reduites instaure des criteres stricts pour I'ajout In June the Summerland Research les sols sablonneux se sont acidifies ' d'enzyme afin de limiter l'apparition de Station took over responsibility for rapidement. turbidite dans Ie jus. Les resultats des managing the Kamloops Research Station. experiences montrent qu'on peut recourir a Par comparaison aux pommiers irrigues des irradiations inferieures a 75 Krad pour par microjet, ceux qu'on a irrigues au l'entreposage a long terme des pommes afin • goutte-a-goutte ont montre des potentiels d'en minimiser Ie brunissement. hydriques foliaires plus bas et des rendements Mndat en fruits doubles. Cette augmentation de la On a mis au point des techniques d'isolation de I'ADN des feuilles et d'autres A la Station de recherches de Summerland production hative presente un important tissus des pommes. L'ADN extrait des une equipe pluridisciplinaire poursuit des ' avantage economique pour les producteurs racines peut servir a prendre les empreintes recherches sur la culture des fruits d'especes qui doivent rajeunir les vergers avec des du porte-greffe des pommiers. II donne les arborescentes et des raisins ainsi que sur la plantations a forte densite. Le regulateur de memes configurations que celui des feuilles, technologie alimentaire appliquee aux croissance aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) ce qui prouve la possibilite d'identifier Ie cultures horticoles qui incluent : s'est revele un inhibiteur de chute tres porte-greffe directement. • developpement de systemes de production efficace; en outre, il retarde la production durable comportant la gestion des d'ethylene mais reduit la prise de couleur Cerises Le Sweetheart, cultivar de cerise ressources en sols et en eau, maitrise de la des pommes. tardif et autofertile de haut rendement, est croissance et de la productivite des On a entrepris en 1992 un programme maintenant disponible dans I'industrie. Ce plantes, et amelioration de la qualite des de lachers d'insectes steriles (LIS) visant cultivar resiste mieux au fendillement cause fruits l'eradication du carpocapse de la pomme, par la pluie que les cultivars commerciaux • gestion integree des ravageurs et des principal insecte ravageur des pommes et presentement cultives en Colombie- maladies des poires en Colombie-Britannique. Britannique. II represente 14 % des nouveaux cerisiers piantes en 1991. On a • amelioration et evaluation de cultivars et L'installation d'elevage, unique au monde, constate, chez les cultivars resistant au de porte-greffes . devrait pouvoir produire 750 000 carpocapses steriles par jour. On a constate fendillement induit par la pluie, la presence • chimie alimentaire, analyse sensorielle et d'une couche decellules hypodermiques fermentation que la perturbation des pheromones reduisait les populations de carpocapse bien riches en proteines, qui est absente chez les • entreposage et emballage (y compris en-de«a des seuils justifiant Ie recours au cultivars qui y sont susceptibles. Ce trait phosphate de mono-ammonium) programme de LIS. Un rapport a ete pourrait se reveler utile dans Ie programme • technologie de transformation. presente en vue de I'enregistrement de d'amelioration genetique de la cerise douce. I'agent de perturbation des accouplements Les cerisiers a cerises acides Montmorency Realisations Isomate-c. Un brevet pour l'utilisation de la et Lambert reproduits par micropropagation Pommes On a mis au point un systeme qui bacterie Enterobacter serogenes dans la lutte avaient une taille comparable a celle produit des pommiers porte-greffes et du contre la pourriture du collet et celle des d'arbres ecussonnes sur porte-greffe clonal materiel de pepiniere avec branches en 1 an racines chez les pommiers est en instance Fl2/b mais I'efficacite de leur rendement environ, alors qu'il en fallait normalement d'acceptation aux Etats-Unis et au Canada. etait superieure. Un sechoir a fruits mis au 2 auparavant. On a trouve une pheromone sexuelle pour Ie point par la station de recherches a eu un excellent rendement dans des conditions On a mis au point une tariere portative pique-bouton du pommier, qui est actuellement testee sur Ie terrain. Ces d'essai a grande echelle. On a reussi a tuer a vapeur pour la sterilisation du sol en vue completement les a:ufs de carpocapse au de la replantation de pommiers. Par rapport travaux visent Ie developpement de methodes de lutte contre un insecte moyen d'une fumigation de bromure de aux arbres piantes dans des sols non methyle, a la dose de 64 g/m3, avec des sterilises, ceux plantes dans des emplacements ravageur qui risque de devenir une menace dangereuse pour la production de pommes cartons ventiles. La methode, Hne fois sterilises au cmIt de 1,09 $ I'unite avaient parfaitement au point, permeUra a une croissance de plus du double, et sans pesticides apres la mise en application du programme de LIS. I'industrie de respecter les crit,~resregissant portaient 2,5 fois plus de fruits hatifs. On I'exportation vers Ie Japon. L'analyse par peut obtenir une protection biologique Le jus tire des pommes entreposees hybridation de l'acide nuclei que s'est revelee efficace contre les problemes de presente une turbidite plus stable que celui plus fiable que la bioanalyse actuellement replantation par un traitement des sols au des pommes fraiches, ce qui permet de pratiquee pour Ie diagnostic de la maladie phosphate de mono-ammonium et I'addition penser que les premieres seraient de la petite cerise. Le diagnostic s'obtient en de matiere organique, ou par l'application preferables aux secondes pour la production moins de 3 semames suivant l'echantillonnage, d'une solution de la souche EBW4 du de jus de pomme. L'antagonisme bacterien 178 Summerland 1992 alors qu'il faut attendre 14 a 26 mois avec Ie monoterpeniques de flaveur, ainsi qu'une soluble N was higher on days when bloat systeme classique. Ces resultats augmentent acidite plus grande, que dans les sites plus occurred than when it did not. Hours of les possibilites d'eradication de cette chauds de l'extremite sud de la vallee. Les sunshine and the temperature range were maladie dans les regions de culture de la degustateurs ont pu detecter des differences greater on days when bloat occurred. Bloat cerise. On a prepare des anticorps entre les vins produits a partir des raisins was observed after killing frosts of -2.20°C polyclonaux et une collection d'anticorps cultives aux divers sites, ainsi qu'entre les in all years and in an extreme case after a monoclonaux contre Ie virus de la feuille vins proven ant de pieds ayant subi des daily minimum of -9.60°C. rapeuse du cerisier et Ie virus du traitements d'amenagement du couvert. In an experiment to simplify the rabougrissement du prunier chez les cerises. L'acide naphtalenacetique (ANA) et Ie procedure for estimating effective Cette etape essentielle permet la detection paclobutrazol empechaient efficacement la degradability (ED) of feeds, the proportion de deux virus qui representent un gros risque croissance des drageons. On a constate que of feed found to degrade at mean rumen economique pour les producteurs de cerises. la flaveur du jus destine a la vinification etait retention time could be used (r = 0.98, Poires Le principal facteur limitant dans la accrue par Ie pressurage, par un report de la P < 0.0001). The simplified procedure production de poires sans defauts est la lutte recolte, et par Ie contact avec Ie marc. Ces significantly reduced the labor required to contre la psylle et l'eriophyide du poirier. changements de flaveur ont ete verifies par estimate ED because ruminal degradation Deux agents de lutte biologique, l'abamectin analyse sensorielle. rate of the feeo did not need to be et Ie neem, semblent prometteurs dans la Ressources determined. lutte contre la psylle.Les doses recommandees Results from an in vitro study to de Guthion et d'Imidan etaient toxiques La station possede un complexe mod erne de bureaux et de laboratoires auquel s'ajoute determine the effect of supplementation of pour l'Anthocoris nemoralis F. adulte, un forages showed that adding cellulose grand predateur de la psylle du poirier. Vne une unite pilote pour la recherche alimentaire, pres de Summerland, dans la vallee de significantly increased the digestibility of the technique de piegeage comportant forages, whereas branched chain (Be) fatty l'utilisation de ban des adhesives a servi a I'Okanagan. Dans les Sous-stations de Kelowna et de Creston, on effectue acid or BC amino acid increased digestibility capturer les eriophyides du poirier a of the cellulose only. The study suggests that I'emergence. Grace a cette methode, on a pu egalement de la recherche sur la production et la protection des arbres fruitiers. La cellulose wastes in pulp and paper mills have elaborer des modeles informatiques potential as a feedstuff for beef cattle. prevoyant I'emergence de I'insecte et station s'etend sur 320 ha, dont environ permettant de choisir Ie moment des 90 sont irrigues et se pretent a la recherche The use of anhydrous ammonia was applications pour mener une lutte plus sur les arbres fruitiers et la viticulture. Elle effective in preserving the quality of efficace. On a constate que I'eau non traitee dispose de 86,1 annees-personnes et emploie high-moisture hay that would have otherwise et filtree contenait plus de spores de Mucor 23 chercheurs de categorie professionnelle. spoiled. During the 3 years that the spp. que l'eau de rin~age chloree. Le Mucor En juin on a confie a la Station de experiment was conducted, the cattle spp. cause Ie pourrissement de la poire recherches de Summerland la responsabilite consuming ammoniated hay were in good d'Anjou pendant I'entreposage. On a de la gestion de la Station de recherches de general health and showed no behavioral conseille aux entreprises d'emballage de Kamloops. symptoms of hyperexcitability or circling. chlorer l'eau de rin~age pour eviter que cette Results from seeding forage mixes in situation ne se produise. the Very Dry Cool Montane Spruce biogeoclimatic subzone showed that forage Peches, abricots, nectarines, pmnes Lors KAMLOOPS d'etudes en serre portant sur des jeunes seeding rates should be based on the desired plants de pechers, on a constate les effets stand composition and the actual seed benefiques d'applications en doses weights in the mix. The first 3 years of data fractionnees d'engrais soluble au phosphore, Mndate showed that conifer height was unaffected ainsi que les effets toxiques potentiels The Kamloops Research Station and the by seeding rate but diameter was reduced by d'application en dose unique. La toxicite Prince George Experimental Farm conduct up to 5% for the 3 kglha seeding rate and by croissait en meme temps que la temperature investigations in range management. In 10% for the 12 kglha seeding rate on aux racines. La fertirrigation, qui se prete de addition, the station develops methods of ungrazed pastures. During planting, 17, 29, fa~on ideale a l'application de doses increasing the efficiency of livestock and 44% of conifers were damaged in the fractionnees d'engrais, pourrait etre la production compatible with sustaining the pastures grazed by cattle at 0, 50, and 80% methode la plus pratique pour administrer environment through integrated research in utilization, respectively. Cattle browsed less des engrais phosphores aux pechers. Le soils and soil fertility, forages, antiquality than 2% of the trees. The highest correlation produit vegetal naturel Hinokitiol empechait constituents in forages (including natural of cattle damage occurred with the number la degradation des peches recoltees de fa~on toxins), and forage utilization. of cattle grazing a pasture, and most damage industrielle, alors que 41 % des fruits non occurred after cattle had been grazing for traites ont ete affectes par la pourrissure Achievements more than 14 days. Scar damage exceeding brune. L'Hinokitiol est extrait par Animal and range science The bloat status 75% of the circumference of the tree stem distillation a la vapeur de la racine ou du of cattle was recorded in the autumn for reduced stem growth by 22% and height by tronc du Chamaecyparis. 6 years between 1979 and 1988. The 33%. A combination of leader and stem damage reduced tree diameter by 6% Raisins Dans les sites plutot froids du nord percentage of dry matter (DM) and acid compared with control trees. Cows and de la region de l'Okanagan, on a obtenu des detergent fiber was lower, and the calves gained an average of 1.1 kg/day over concentrations plus elevees de composes concentration of chlorophyll, total N, and Summerland 1992 179 the 30-day grazing period. Areas seeded at production animale afinqu'elle soitcompatible Les resultats de l'ensemencement de o kg/ha produced beef at a rate of 21.4 avec la preservation de l'integrite des melanges de piantes fourrageres dans la kglha; those seeded at 3 kg/ha produced ressources. A cette fin, on execute des sous-zone biogeoclimatique, subalpine, tres 49.1 kg/ha; and those areas seeded at recherches integrees sur les sols et la fertilite seche et fraiche, ou poussent des epinettes, 12 kg/ha produced 55.5 kglha. du sol, les pIantes fourrageres, les elements ont montre que la densite de semis des Crop and soil science Hardseededness of qui nuisent a la qualite des plantes fourrageres, plantes fourrageres devrait etre fondee sur alfalfa increases with latitude and is a major notamment les toxinesnaturelles et l'utilisation la composition souhaitee du peuplement et problem for Canadian seed growers. Freezing des plantes fourrageres. Ie poids reel des graines dans Ie melange. Les donnees des 3 premieres annees ont and thawing decreases hardseededness Realisations exponentially with each freeze-thaw cycle.A revele que la hauteur des coniferes n'etait temperature of -600°C is as effective as Zootechnie et amenagement des parcours pas touchee par la densite de semis, mais -800°C; seeds can therefore be cooled with Pendant 6 ans, entre 1979 et 1988, on a que la reduction du diametre pouvait liquid carbon dioxide rather than with the enregistre, a l'automne, des cas de atteindre 5 % lorsque la densite de semis more expensive liquid nitrogen. The meteorisation chez Ie betail. Le pourcentage etait de 3 kglha et de 10 % lorsqu'elle etait freeze-thaw scarification procedure was de matiere seche (MS) et de fibres de 12 kg/ha dans des prairies nOonbroutees. shown to have no deleterious effect on seed aliment aires au detergent acide etait plus Au cours de la plantation, 17, 29 et 44 % des viability or on seedling growth. faible et la teneur en chlorophylle, en azote coniferes ont subi des dommages dans des total et en azote soluble etait plus elevee les piHurages utilises respectivement a 0, 50 et Borderline zinc (Zn) deficiency for jours ou des cas de meteorisation ont ete 80 % par des bovins. Ces derniers broutent silage corn has been confirmed by field trial enregistres. Le nombre d'heures ensoleillees moins de 2 % des arbres. La plus forte correlation with soil test analysis for the first etait plus eleve et la plage de temperatures correlation a ete enregistree entre les time in the southern interior of British etait plus grande ces jours-la. A chaque dommages causes par les bovin:; et Ie Columbia. Soil applications with Zn at 10 or annee, ce trouble s'est manifeste apres une nombre de bovins qui broutent dans une 20 kglha significantly increased silage corn « gelee meurtriere » de -2,20 °C, et dans un prairie, et la plupart des dommages sont yields by about 20% over average control cas extreme, apres l'enregistrement d'une survenus lorsque les bovins avaient ete au .yields of dry matter at 16 t/ha for 2 out of temperature minimale quotidienne de paturage pendant plus de 14jours. Des 4 years on a clay loam Humic Gleysolic soil. -9,60 0c. lesions touchant plus de 75 % diela The Zn fertilization rates increased this circonference de la tige d'un arbre en ont Dans Ie cadre d'une experience visant a extractable Zn concentration to 2 and reduit la croissance de 22 % et la hauteur de simplifier Ie procede d'estimation de la 3 g/mL, respectively. Although extractable 33 %. Vne combinaison de dommages aux degradabilite reelle des aliments, on a phosphorus (P) was adequate (30 g/mL), pousses apicales et aux tiges a reduit Ie constate qu'il etait possible d'utiliser la adding P fertilizer caused the Zn diametre des arbres de 6 % comparativement proportion d'aliments degrades pendant Ie concentration in whole-plant silage corn to aux arbres temoins. Le gain de poids chez les temps de sejour moyen dans Ie rumen decrease from 21 to 15 ppm. vaches et les veaux s'est etabli en moyenne a (r = 0,98, P < 0,0001). Cette methode 1,1 kg par jour pendant la periode de Resources simplifiee a reduit considerablement Ie paturage de 30 jours. Les zones travail necessaire pour evaluer la The Kamloops Research Station is situated ensemencees a raison de 0 kglha ont produit degradabilite reelle parce qu'il n'etait plus on 57 ha of prime irrigated land, 13 km west 21,4 kglha de breuf, celles a 3 kglha ont necessaire de calculer la vitesse de of the centre of Kamloops at 3015 Ord produit 49,1 kglha de breuf et celles degradation des aliments dans Ie rumen. Road. The station also holds title to 470 ha ensemencees a raison de 12 kglha, of forested rangeland at Pass Lake, 29 km Les resultats d'une etude in vitro visant 55,5 kglha de breuf. north of Kamloops. This rangeland, along a determiner l'effet d'une supplementation Phytotechnie et science des sols La durete with several thousand hectares of provincial des fourrages ont montre que I'addition de des graines de luzerne augmente avec la rangeland, is used for studies on range cellulose augmentait enormement leur latitude et constitue un probleme important management. digestibilite, tan dis que la chaine ramifiee pour les producteurs de semences. A chaque des acides gras ou celie des acides amines The Prince George Experiemental cycle de gel-degel, on observe une augmentait la digestibilite de la cellulose Farm is located 6 km east of the city, on diminution exponentielle de la durete des seulement. II semble d'apres l'etude que les 245 ha of dryland heavy clay soil. graines. Vne temperature de -QOO °c est aussi dechets cellulosiques des usines de pates et efficacequ'une temperature de .-800°C; Ie The staff at the two locations comprises papiers pourraient servir d'aliments aux refroidissement des graines peut donc etre 38 person-years, including eight professionals. bovins de boucherie. effectue avec du dioxyde de carbone liquide L'application d'ammoniacanhydre s'est plutot qu'avec de l'azote liquide qui est un • revele un traitement efficace pour maintenir produit plus dispendieux. La scarification une haute teneur en humidite dans Ie foin, par gel-degel n'a montre aucun effet nefaste Mndat qui autrement aura it ete altere. Pendant les sur la viabilite des graines ou la croissance La Station de recherches de Kamloops et la 3 annees de l'experience, Ie betail qui a des semis. Fenpe experimentale de Prince George consomme du foin ammonie etait Dans Ie cas du mai:sa ensilage, une effectuent des etudes sur la gestion des generalement en bonne sante et ne correlation entre les essais au champ et des parcours. De plus, la station elabore des presentait aucun symptome comportemental analyses de sol a confirme, pour la premiere methodes pour accroitre l'efficience de la d'hyperexcitabilite ou de marche en cercle. 180 Summerland 1992 fois, l'existence d'une carence de zinc (Zn) (Harris) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) to the Li, T.S.C; Vtkhede, R.S. 1991. Effects of limite dans Ie centre sud de la Colombie- microsporidium Nosema Fumiferanae soil pH and nutrients on growth of apple Britannique. Des applications de Zn, a (Thomson) (Microsporida: Nosematidae). seedlings grown in apple replant disease raison de 10 ou de 20 kg/ha, ont augmente Can. Entomo!. 123:265-270. soils of British Columbia. Can. Plant Dis. d'environ 20 % les rendements du ma"isa Cossentine, J.E.; Jensen, L.B. 1991. Surv. 71:29-32. ensilage par rapport aux rendements moyens Monitoring Azinphosmethyl resistance in Majak, W. 1992. Biotransformation of toxic temoins de 16 t de matiere seche par hectare Archips agyrospica (Lepidoptera: glycosides byruminal microorganisms. Pages pendant 2 des 4 annees de culture dans un Tortricidae) populations. J. Econ. Entomo!. 86-103 in Keeler, R.F.; Mandava, N.B.; Tu, loam argileux (gleysol humique). Le taux de 84:1399-1403. AT.; eds. Natural toxins: toxicology,chemistry fertilisation par Ie zinc a augmente cette and safety. Aiaken, Fort Collins, Colo. concentration de Zn extractiblerespectivement Dever, M.C; Cliff, M.; Veto, L. 1991. Effect de 2 et de 3 g/mL. Meme si Ie phosphore (P) of apple storage on the quality of Mathers, H.M.; Quamme, H.A; Brownlee, extractible convenait bien (30 g/mL), non-oxidative juice. Can. Inst. Food Sci. R.T. 1991. A procedure for converting an l'addition d'engrais phosphore a fait chuter Techno!. J. 24:252-258. ultra-low temperature freezer for freezing de 21 a 15 ppm la concentration de Zn dans Gaudet, D.A.; Kokko, E.G.; Sholberg, P.L. biological materia!. Can. J. Plant Sci. 71: toute la plante de mals a ensilage. 1990. Histopathology of apple fruit infected 1281-1283. with strains of the low-temperature McBrien, H.; Gries, G.; Gries, R.; et al. Ressources basidiomycete Coprinus psychromorbidus. 1991. Sex pheromone components of the La Station de recherches de Kamloops Can. J. Plant Patho!' 12:369-375. eyespotted bud moth, Spilonta ocellane occupe 57 ha de terres irriguees de choix, a Girard, B.; Nakai, S. 1991. Static headspace (Denis and Schiffermuller) (Lepidoptera: 13 km a I'ouest du centre de Kamloops, au gas chromatographic method for volatiles in Olethreutidae). Can. Entomol. 3 015, route Ord. Elle possede egalement canned salmon. J. Food Sci. 56:1271-1274. 123:1391-1394. 470 ha de parcours boises Pass Lake, a a Meheriuk, M. 1990.Effects of diphenylamine, 29 km au nord de Kamloops. Ce terrain Granger, R.L.; Rouselle, G.L., Meheriuk, gibberellic acid, daminozide, calcium, high boise, auquel s'ajoute plusieurs centaines M.; Quamme, H.A 1991. Promising winter CO and elevated temperatures on quality of d'hectares de parcours qui appartiennent hardy apple rootstocks from a breeding 2 a stored 'Bartlett' pears. Can. J. Plant Sci. la province, sert des etudes program at Morden, Manitoba. Fruit Var. J. a 70:887-892. d'amenagement des parcours. 45:185-187. Meheriuk, M.; McKenzie, D.-L. 1990. La Ferme de Prince George est situee Hadidi, A; Hansen, AJ., Parish, CL.; Yang, a Quality and mineral content in 'Swiss 6 km l'est de la ville du meme nom. Elle X. 1991. Scar skin and dapple apple viroids a Bartlett' pears grown on clonal Old Home est constituee de 245 ha de sol argileux are seed-borne and persistent in infected X Farmingdale, clonal quince and seedling lourd. apple trees. Res. Viro!. 142:289-296. rootstocks. Fruit Var. J. 44:130-133. La station et la ferme disposent de Hall, J.w.; Majak, W. 1991. Relationship of Meheriuk, M.; Neilsen, G.H. 1991. Fruit 38 annees-personnes et emploient huit weather and plan factors to alfalfa bloat in quality of McIntosh apples irrigated with professionnels. autumn. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 71:861-866. well or municipal waste water. Can. J. Plant Hogue, E.J.; Neilsen, D. 1991. Rapid Sci. 71:1267-1269. • production methods for Ottawa-3rootstock and branched apple nursery stock. Meheriuk, M.; Neilsen, G.H.; McKenzie, ResearCh Publications HortScience 216:1416-1419. D.-L. 1991. Incidence of rain splitting in Publications de recherche sweet cherries treated with calcium or Judd, G.J.R.; Borden, J.H. 1991. Sensory coating materials. Can. J. Plant Sci. Bai, Y.; Benn, M.; Majak, W. 1990. Further interaction during trap-finding by female 71:231-234. norditerpenoid alkaloids from Delphinium onion flies: implications for ovipositional nuttallianum. Heterocycles 31:1233-1236. host-finding. Entomo!. Exp. App!. Mir, P.S.;Burton, J.H.; Buchanan-Smith, J.G. 1991.Nutritional performance of calves Berard, R.G.; Thurtell, G.w. 1991. 58:239-249. fed milk replacers containing processed Interactive effects of increased evaporation Judd, G.J.R.; Whitfield, G.H.; Maw, H.E.L. soybean products. Can. J. Anim. Sci. demand and soil water on photosynthesis in 1991. Temperature-dependent development 71:97-106. maize. Can. J. Plant Sci. 71:31-39. and phenology of pepper maggots (Diptera: Mir, P.S.; Mir, Z.; Hall, J.w. 1991. Beveridge, T.; Day, N. 1991. Respiration of Tephritidae) associated with pepper and Comparison of effective degradability with sweet cherries determined in sealed, horsenettle. Environ. Entomo!. 20:22-29. dry matter degradability measured at mean impermeable containers. Can. Inst. Food Kappel, F. 1991. Partitioning of rumen retention time for several forages and Sci. Techno!. J. 24:213-217. above-ground dry matter in 'Lambert' sweet forage:concentrate diets. Anim. Feed Sci. Beveridge, T.; Meheriuk, M.; Harrison, J. cherry trees with or without fruit. J. Amer. Techno!. 32:287-296. 1990. The influence of controlled Soc. Hortic. Sci. 116:201-205. Mir, P.S.;Mir, Z.; Hall, J.w. 1991. atmosphere storage on browning of d'Anjou Lambert, J.D. H.; Campbell, G.; Amason, Relationships among rate of passage of feed, pear juice and concentrate. Can. Inst. Food J.T.; Majak, W. 1991. Herbicidal properties dry matter intake and chemical components Sci. Techno!. J. 23:233-235. of alpha-terthienyl, a naturally occurring of several diets. Can. J. Anim. Sci. Cossentine, J.E.; Gardiner, M. 1991. phototoxin. Can. J. Plant Sci. 71:215-218. 71:1149-1158. Susceptibility of Choristoneura rosaceana Summerland 1992 181 Mir, P.S.; Mir, Z.; Pink, B.M. 1991. In vitro Stout, D.G.; Langton, J. 1991. Estimation of digestibility of forages supplemented with some major costs for commercial cellulose (filter paper) and branched-chain freeze-thaw scarification of alfalfa seed. J. fatty or amino acid. Can. J. Anim. Sci. Seed Tech. 15:58-66. 71:1159-1166. Tagliavini, M.; Hogue, £.J.; Neilsen, G.H. Mir, Z.; Bittman, S.; Townley-Smith, L. 1991. Influence of phosphorus nutrition and 1991. Nutritive value of Kochia (Kochia root zone temperature on growth and scoparia) hay or silage grown in black soil mineral uptake of peach seedlings. J. Plant zone in north-eastern Saskatchewan for Nutr. 14:1267-1276. sheep. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 71:107-114. Tagliavini, M.; Looney, N.£. 1991. Response Neilsen, G.H.; Beulah, J.; Hogue, E.J.; of peach seedlings to root -zone temperature Utkhede, R.S. 1991. Use of greenhouse and root-applied growth regulators. seedling bioassays to predict first year HortScience 26:870-872. growth of apple trees planted in old orchard Thompson, D.J.; Stout, D.G. 1991. Duration soil. HortScience 26:1383-1386 of the juvenile period in diffuse knapweed Neilsen, G.H.; Hogue, E.J.; Hoyt, P.B. 1991. (Centaurea diffusa). Can. J. Bot. 69:368-371. Long-term effects of preplant liming on Thomson, D.R.; Angerilli, N.P.D.; Vincent, apple trees and soil cation levels. Can. J. Soil C; Gaunce, AP. 1991. Evidence for regional Sci. 71:545-549. differences in the response of Neilsen, G.H.; Stevenson, D.S.; Fitzpatrick, obliquebanded leafroller (Lepidoptera: J.J.; Brownlee, CH. 1991. Soil and sweet Tortricidae) to sex pheromone blends. cherry responses to irrigation with Environ. Entomol. 20:935-938. wastewater. Can. J. Soil Sci. 71:31-41. Utkhede, R.S.; Smith, E.M. 1991. Effects of Neilsen, G.H.; Yorston, J. 1991. Soil fosetyl-Al, metalaxyl and Enterobacter disinfection and mono ammonium phosphate aerogenes on crown and root rot of apple fertilization increase precocity of apples on trees caused by Phytophthora cactorum in replant problem soils. J. Amer. Soc. Hortic. British Columbia. Plant Dis. 75:406-409. Sci. 116:651-654. Utkhede, R.S.; Smith, E.M. 1991. Effects of Quamme, H.A 1991. Application ofthermal nitrogen and phosphorus on the growth of analysis to breeding fruit crops for increased microorganisms associated with apple cold hardiness. HortScience 26:513-517. replant disease and on apple seedlings grown in soil infested with these Reynolds, AG.; Cottrell, AC; Wardle, microorganisms. J. Phytopathol. 132:1-11. D.A; Gaunce, AP. 1991. NAA and paclobutrazol control for grapevine suckers: Utkhede, R.S.; Smith, E.M. 1991. vine performance and fruit tissue residues. Phytophthora and Pythium species associated HortScience 26: 1286-1287. with root rot of young apple trees and their control. Soil BioI. Biochem. 23:1059-1063. Reynolds, AG.; Wardle, D.A 1990. Vegetative growth suppression by Wiersma, P.A; Hachey, J.E.; Crosby, w.L.; paclobutrazol in greenhouse-grown 'Pinot Moloney, M.M. 1990. Specific truncations of noir' grapevines. HortScience 25 :1250-1254. an acetolactate synthase gene from Brassica napus efficiently complement ilvB/ilvG Sholberg, P.L.; Owen, G.R. 1991. mutants of Salmonella typhimurium. Mol. & Populations of propagules of Mucor spp. Gen. Genet. 224:155-159. during immersion dumping of Anjou pears. Can. Plant Dis. Surv. 71:33-35. Sholberg, P.L.; Shimizu, B.N. 1991. Use of the natural plant product, hinokitiol, to extend shelf-life of peaches. Can. Inst. Food Sci. Technol. J. 24(5):273-277. Sholberg, P.L.; Yorston, J.M. 1991. Phenotype patterns of benomyl-resistant isolates of Venturia inaequalis in eight orchards in British Columbia, Canada. Plant Dis. 75:616-619 182 Summerland 1992 VANCOUVER Research Station Station de recherches Research Branch Direction genera Ie de la recherche Agriculture Canada Agriculture Canada 6660 N.W. Marine Drive 6660, promenade Marine N.-O. Vancouver, British Columbia Vancouver (Colombie-Britannique) V6T lX2 V6T lX2 Tel. (604) 224-4355 T6l. Fax (604) 666-4994 T61ecopie EM OTTB::EM404MAIL e.E. R,fessional Staff R,sonnel professionnel Director D.L. Struble, Ph.D. Directeur Administrative Officer B.G. Jensen Agent d'administration Scientific Support Soutien scientifique Librarian (seconded in) T. Matsumoto, M.L.S. Bibliothecaire (detach6) Statistical Services Services statistiques Regional Statistician J.w. Hall, Ph.D. Statisticien regional Entomology Entomologie Section Head; Aphid ecology B.D. Frazer, Ph.D. Chef de section; ecologie des pucerons Berry insects S.M. Fitzpatrick, Ph.D. Insectes des petits fruits Biological control D.A. Raworth, Ph.D. Lutte biologique Pesticide chemistry S.Y.S. Szeto, Ph.D. Chimie des pesticides Insect virology D.A. Theilmann, Ph.D. Virologie des insectes Vegetable insects RS. Vernon, Ph.D. Insectes nuisibles aux cultures legumieres Plant Pathology Phytopathologie Section Head; Bacterial diseases S.H. De Boer, Ph.D. Chef de section; bacterioses Plant breeding, small fruits H.A. Daubeny, Ph.D. Amelioration des piantes, petits fruits Potato viruses P.J. Ellis, Ph.D. Virus de la pomme de terre Small fruit RR Martin, Ph.D. Virus du fraisier Nematology T.e. Vrain, Ph.D. Nematologie Molecular mycology Vacant Mycologie moleculaire Plant Virology Virologie des plantes Acting Section Head; e.J. French, Ph.D. Chef de section par interim; virologie Physiological plant virology des plantes-physiologie Virus interactions RI. Hamilton, Ph.D. Interaction des virus Plant viruses, molecular biology D.M. Rochon, Ph.D. Virus des piantes, biologie moleculaire Radioactive isotope facility w.P. Ronald, M.Sc. Installation-isotope radioactif Virus host specificity H. Sanfacon, Ph.D. Specificite d'h6te des virus Abbotsford Abbotsford Substation Sous-station 31790 Walmsley Road .31790, chemin Walmsley Abbotsford, British Columbia Abbotsford (Colombie-Britannique) V2S 1M3 V2S 1M3 Tel. (604) 853-6761 Tel. Substation Manager M. Bernard Contremaltre de sous-station Vancouver 1992 183 Mndate The Vancouver Research Station of was developed based on a monoclonal Resources Agriculture Canada conducts antibody to a soluble antigen produced by The research station is located on the multidisciplinary research at the cellular and the bacterial pathogen. Since the ELISA campus of the University of British Columbia, molecular level on viruses, bacteria, and procedure is well adapted for routine allowing close collaboration with the faculty fungi of significance to agricultural crops. screening of large numbers of samples, its and students of the university. Many of the The station also breeds new cultivars of efficacy for indexing ring rot was evaluated research staff hold university appointments raspberries and strawberries, and develops in two Canadian and three European and teach graduate courses. Research integrated management controls of laboratories. It was found to be as good as facilities are provided for graduate students nematodes, insect pests, and plant diseases immunofluorescence for highly infected at the master's and doctoral levels, apd for of crops in the coastal region. samples, but results were more difficult to visiting scientists and postdoctoral fellows interpret when infection levels were low. from many countries. Achievements The ELISA test is expected to be useful for The station maintains a substation at Cucumber necrosis virus (CNV) is being routine testing, but will not replace Abbotsford, 75 km from Vancouver. The used to study the involvement of virus genes immunofluorescence for confirming substation, with 8.5 ha, provides experimental in plant disease induction. CNV is an infections. plots for the berry-breeding program and excellent model system because of its small Antisera prepared against strawberry research on the control of insects, nematodes, genome, its simple protein coat structure, mild yellow edge virus is being used and diseases. and its ability to reach high concentrations in successfully to detect this virus in advanced infected plants. A portion of the CNV strawberry selections and in tissue culture The staff consists of 54.0 person-years, genome encodes two distinct proteins of plants before and after thermal therapy. A including 19 professionals. 20 and 21 kDa molecular weight. The test on in vitro plants permits earlier detection 21 kDa protein was found to be essential for of the virus because plants can be tested • the accumulation of viral RNA in inoculated without growing them in soil. Availability of plants, and it may be involved in the ability this test should reduce the risk of spreading Mndat of CNV RNA to move from cell to cell. The this virus by moving germplasm among La Station de recherches de vancouver 20 kDa protein was found to be involved countries. mene des recherches multidisdplinaires sur with the induction of severe necrotic symptoms The taxonomic separation of parasitic les virus aux plans moleculaire et cellulaire in host plants. CNV mutants that did not nematodes is being studied using et ainsi que sur les bacteries et les express the 20 kDa protein rapidly generate biotechnological techniques. Point mutations champignons qui revetent um~importance symptom-attenuating, defective-interfering in a predefined fragment of their ribosomal particuliere pour Ie secteur agricole. On y (DI) RNA species. DI particles are ubiquitous DNA can be identified by analysis of eIabore egalement des fa<;onsde lutter among animal viruses and were recently restriction fragment length polymorphisms contre les insectes nuisibles et les maladies reported to be associated with the weakening after multiplying the fragment by polymerase des vegetaux cultives dans la region c6tiere. of symptoms in natural infections by plant chain reaction using universal primers. The Par ailleurs, I'equipe de la station cree de and animal viruses. Understanding how application of this technique has confirmed nouveaux cultivars de framboises et de CNV mutants generate DI particles may the identification of two new species of fraises. lead to the development of new methods of nematodes in British Columbia.The technique disease control in agriculture and medicine. Realisations allowsthe confirmation of previous diagnosis Bean plants are resistant to infection by based on morphometries and the Le virus de la necrose genera Ie du the cowpea strain of southern bean mosaic differentiation of biological races and strains concombre sert a etudier Ie r6le des genes virus but coinfection with sunn-hemp mosaic not otherwise separated by microscopic or du virus dans Ie declenchement de la virus allows the cowpea strain to spread to other commonly used methods. maladie dans les plantes. Ce virus est un inoculated leaves. Sunn-hemp mosaic virus excellent modele en raison de son petit An indigenous predator was discovered produces a specific protein that assists its genome, de la structure simple de son for the twospotted spider mite. It is resistant movement as well as that of the cowpea enveloppe proteique et de sa capacite a to at least four insecticides, and therefore strain. The cowpea strain however, does not atteindre des concentrations 1~leveeschez les has potential as a biological control agent. A invade the veins, which is the usual route of plantes contaminees. Une portion du technology transfer booklet with color prints spread to other leaves. These results suggest genome du virus de la necrose code pour was prepared on insects found in strawberry that plants may inhibit spread of viruses deux proteines distinctes de poids moleculaire and raspberry crops. This publication is from infected leaves by preventing them 20 et 21 kDa. La proteine de 21 kDa est expected to help identify other naturally from invading the leafveins. This represents essentielle a l'accumulation d'ARN viral occurring beneficial insects. a new form of plant resistance, which may be dans les vegetaux contamines et elle peut exploited for agricultural crops. Increases in abundance of tuber flea etre responsable du passage de l'ARN viral beetle on potatoes and their damage The Canadian seed potato certification d'une cellule a I'autre. La proteine de potential can be predicted based on the regulations now require seed potatoes to be 20 kDa participe a I'inductiolllde sympt6mes percentage of organic matter in the soil. A indexed for the bacterial ring rot pathogen. necrotiques graves chez les plantes h6tes. La predictive model was incorporated into the Indexing procedures are based on proteine de 20 kDa ne s'exprime pas chez les potato integrated pest management immunofluorescence. An enzyme-linked mutants du virus de la necrose generale du program. immonosorbent assay (ELISA) procedure 184 VCitnCOUver1992 concombre; ces derniers produisent comme epreuve de confirmation des collaboration etroite avec la faculte et les rapidement une espece d'ARN defect if infections. etudiants. Beaucoup de chercheurs sont interferant qui attenue les sympt6mes. Les On utilise avec succes des antiserums egalement membres de I'universite et y e e particules defectives interferantes (DI) sont contre Ie virus de la chlorose marginale donnent des caurs de 2 et 3 cycles. Les omnipresentes chez les virus animaux, et on moderee du fraisier pour deceler ce virus etudiants des niveaux de la maitrise et du a signale recemment qu'elles etaient dans des plants de fraisier resultant de doctorat, ainsi que les chercheurs invites et associees a une attenuation des sympt6mes plusieurs selections, et dans des plants les boursiers d'etudes postdoctorales de lors d'infections naturelles par des virus des obtenus par culture tissulaire avant et apres nombreux pays, beneficient d'installations vegetaux et des animaux. La comprehension un traitement par thermotherapie. Un test de recherches. du mecanisme de production de ces sur des plants in vitro a permis un depistage A la Sous-station d'Abbotsford, qui particules DI par les mutants du virus de la plus precoce du virus etant donne que les totalise 8,5 ha, a 75 km de Vancouver, on a necrose generale du concombre permettra plants peuvent etre analyses sans qu'il y ait amen age des parcelles experimentales pour peut-etre l'elaboration de nouvelles croissance en terre. La disponibilite de ce un programme d'amelioration genetique des methodes de lutte contre les maladies en test devrait reduire Ie risque de propagation petits fruits et pour la recherche sur la lutte agriculture et en medecine. de ce virus par Ie transport du materiel contre les insectes, les nematodes et les Les plants de haricots sont resistants a genetique d'un pays a l'autre. maladies. une infection par la souche du virus de la La separation taxonomique de La station dispose de 54,0 annees- mosa"iquedu haricot du Sud qui s'attaque au nematodes parasites est etudiee grace a des personnes et emploie 19 professionnels. dolique, mais une surinfection par Ievirus de methodes biotechnologiques. Des mutations la mosa"iquedu chanvre du Bengale permet ponctuelles dans un fragment determine au o ala souche qui s'attaque au dolique de se prealable de leur ADN ribosomique peuvent propager aux feuilles contaminees. Le virus etre identifiees par l'analyse des /Research Publications de la mosa"iquedu chanvre du Bengale polymorphismes des sites de restriction Publications de recherche produit une proteine specifique qui permet apres multiplication du fragment par une son deplacement aussi bien que celui de la Baumann, T.E.; Eaton, G.w.; Daubeny, H.A. reaction en chaine de la polymerase au 1991. Season extension of short-day souche s'attaquant au dolique. Toutefois, moyen d'amorces universelles. L'application cette derniere n'envahit pas les veines, qui strawberries in the hill row system. Adv. de cette technique a canfirme l'identification Strawberry Prod. 10:43-48. sont la voie habituelle de propagation aux de deux nouvelles especes de nematodes en autres feuilles. Ces resultats portent a croire Colombie-Britannique. Elle pennet egalement Daubeny, H.A.; Anderson, A. 1991. que des vegetaux peuvent inhiber la de confirmer Ie diagnostic anterieur fonde Tulameen red raspberry. HortScience diffusion des virus de feuilles contaminees sur des caracteristiques morphometriques et 26: 1336-1338. en les empechant de s'introduire dans les la differentiation des races et des souches Daubeny, H.A.; Dale, A.; Moore, P.P.;et al. veines des feuilles. II s'agit la d'une nouvelle biologiques qui autrement ne pourraient pas 1991. 'Algonquin' red raspberry. Fruit Var. J. forme de resistance des vegetaux qui peut etre separees par des methodes 45(2):122-124. etre exploitee en vue de la creation de microscopiques ou autres methodes Daubeny, H.A.; Moore, P.P.;Sjulin, T.M.; et cultures resist antes a la maladie. couramment utilisees. al. 1991. 'Shuswap' strawberry. HortScience L'indexage des pommes de terre de On a decouvert un predateur indigene 26(4):433-435. semence en ce qui concerne l'agent du tetranyque a deux points. II resiste a au pathogene de la fletrissure bacterienne est De Boer, S.H. 1991. Current status and moins quatre insecticides, cequi lui permet future prospects of bacterial ring rot testing. maintenant une exigence du reglement d'etre considere comme un bon agent de Am. Potato J. 68:107-113. canadien d'homologation des pommes de lutte biologique potentiel. Un manuel de terre de semence. Les methodes d'indexage vulgarisation avec des planches en couleurs a De Boer, S.H.; McCann, M. 1990. Detection sont fondees sur des epreuves ete prepare sur les insectes s'attaquant aux of Corynebacterium sepedonicum in potato d'immunofluorescence. La methode ELISA, cultures de fraises et de framboises. Ce cultivars with different propensities to fondee sur un anticorps monoclonal contre ouvrage permettra peut-etre d'identifier express ring rot symptoms. Am. Potato J. un antigene soluble produit par la bacterie d'autres insectes utiles naturellement 67:685-694. pathogene, convient bien au depistage presents. Fitzpatrick, S.M.; Troubridge, J.T. 1991. systematique d'un grand nombre Melanchra picta (Harris) (Lepidoptera: d'echantillons. Deux laboratoires canadiens L'augmentation des populations Noctuidae), a cutworm new to British et trois laboratoires europeens ont evalue d'altise des tubercules de pommes de terre Columbia. J. Entomol. Soc. B.c. 88:38-39. son efficacite pour l'indexage de la et leur pouvoir de causer des dommages fletrissure. On a constate que cette peuvent etre prevus a partir du pourcentage Fitzpatrick, S.M.; Troubridge, J.T.; Peterson, technique donnait d'aussi bons resultats que de matiere organique dans Ie sol. Un modele B. 1991. Distribution of the winter moth, !'immunofluorescence dans Ie cas a ete incarpore dans Ie programme de gestion Operophtera brnmata (L.), and Bruce d'echantillons fortement contamines, mais integree des ravageurs de la pomme de terre. spanworm,o. brnceata (Hulst), in the Fraser les resultats etaient plus difficiles a Valley, British Columbia. J. Entomol. Soc. Ressources interpreter lorsque Ie taux d'infection eta it B.C. 88:39-45. La station de recherches est situee sur Ie faible. La methode ELISA sera utile pour Frazer, B.D.; McGregor, R.R. 1990. A rapid les tests de depistage systematique, mais elle campus de l'Universite de la Colombie- method of sampling for aphids on ne remplacera pas I'immunofluorescence Britannique, ce qui permet une Vancouver 1992 185 strawberries. J. Entomol. Soc. B.e. Aphididae) on strawberry. J. Econ. cranberry bog. J. Agric. Food Chern. 87:50-54. Entomol. 84:558-563. 38:281-285. French, e.J.; Elder, M.; Leggett, F.; et al. Rochon, D.M. 1991. Rapid de novo Theilmann, D.A.; Stewart, S. 19'91. 1991. Flavonoids inhibit infectivity of generation of defective interfering RNA by Identification and characterization of the tobacco mosaic virus. Can. J. Plant Pathol. cucumber necrosis virus mutants which do IE-I gene of Orgyia pseudotsugata 13:1-6. not express the 20 kDa non-structural multicapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus. Freyman, S.; Toivonen, P.M.; ...; Hall, J.W protein. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. Virology 180:492-508. 1991.Effect of nitrogen fertilization on yield, 88:11153-11157. Van Vliet, L.J.P.; Hall, J.W 1991. Effects of storage losses and chemical composition of Rochon, D.M.; Johnston, J.C. 1991. two crop rotations on seasonal runoff and winter cabbage. Can. J. Plant Sci. Infectious transcripts from cloned cucumber soil loss in the Peace River region. Can. J. 71:943-946. necrosis virus cDNA: evidence for a Soil Sci. 71:533-544. Fuentes, A.L.; Hamilton, R.I. 1991. Sunn- bifunctional subgenomic mRNA. Virology Vernon, R.S.; Mackenzie, J.R. 1991. hemp mosaic virus facilitates cell-to-cell 181:656-665. Evaluation of foliar sprays against the tuber spread of southern bean mosaic virus in a Rochon, D.M.; Johnston, J.e.; Riviere, e.J. flea beetle, Epitrix tuberis Gentner nonpermissive host. Phytopathology 1991. Molecular analysis of the cucumber (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) on potato. 81:1302-1305. necrosis virus genome. Can. J. Plant Pathol. Can. Entomol. 123:321-331. Hall, J.W; Majak, W 1991. Relationship of 13:142-154. Vernon, R.S.; Mackenzie, J.R. 1991. weather and plant factors to alfalfa bloat in Roland, J.; Szeto, S.Y. 1990. Compatibility Granular insecticides against overwintered autumn. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 71:861-866. of the winter moth parasitoid Cyzenis tuber flea beetle, Epitrix tuberis Gentner Johnston, J.e.; Rochon, D.M. 1990. albicans (Tachinidae) with pesticide use in (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) on potato. Translation of cucumber necrosis virus RNA the cultivation of blueberries in the Fraser Can. Entomol. 123:333-343. in vitro. J. Gen. Virol. 71:2233-2241. Valley. J. Entomol. Soc. B.e. 87:79-81. Kawchuk, L.M.; Martin, R.R.; McPherson, Rott, M.E.; Tremaine, J.H.; Rochon, D.M. J. 1991. Sense and antisense RNA-mediated 1991. Comparisons of the 5' and 3' termini resistance to potato leafroll virus in Russet of tomato ringspot virus RNAI and RNA2: Burbank potato plants. Mol. Plant-Microbe evidence for RNA recombination. Virology Interactions 4:247-253. 185:468-472. MacDonald, S.G.; Martin, R.R.; Bristow, Rott, M.E.; Tremaine, J.H.; Rochon, D.M. P.R. 1991. Characterization of an ilarvirus 1991. Nucleotide sequence of tomato associated with a blueberry shock disease. ringspot virus RNA-2. J. Gen. Virol. Phytopathology 81:210-214. 72:1505-1514. Martin, R.e.; Martin, R.R.; Mok, M.e.; et Sheppard, D.H.; Myers, J.H.; Fitzpatrick, al. 1990. A monoclonal antibody specific to S.M.; et al. 1990. Efficacy of deltamethrin zeatin O-glycosyltransferases of Phaseolus. and Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner ssp. Plant Physiol. 94:1290-1294. kurstaki on larvae of winter moth, Operophtera brumata (L.) (Lepidoptera: Mir, P.S.; Mir, Z.; Hall, J.W 1990. Physical Geometridae) attacking blueberry in the characteristics of feeds and their relation to Lower Mainland of British Columbia. J. nutrient components and dry matter Entomol. Soc. B.e. 87:25-29. disappearance in sacco. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 31:17-27. Szeto, S.Y.; Price, P.M. 1991. High- performance liquid chromatography method Mir, P.S.;Mir, Z.; Hall, J.W 1991. for the determination of dinoseb: application Estimation of effective degradability: 2. to the analysis of residues in raspberries. J. Comparison of effective degradability with Agric. Food Chern. 39:1614-1617. dry matter degradability measured at rumen mean retention time for several forages and Szeto, S.Y.; Price, P.M. 1991. Persistence of forage: concentrate diets. Anim. Feed Sci. pesticide residues in mineral and organic Technol. 32:287-296. soils in the Fraser Valleyof British Columbia. J. Agric. Food Chern. 39:1679-1684. Raworth, D.A. 1991. Predators associated with the twospotted spider mite, Tetranychus Szeto, S.Y.; Vernon, R.S.; Price, P.M.; et al. urticae, on strawberry at Abbotsford, B.e., 1991. Persistence and uptake of cloethocarb and development of non-chemical mite in a mineral soil and its efficacy against the control. J. Entomol. Soc. B.e. 87:59-67. tuber flea beetle, Epitrix tuberis Gentner. J. Agric. Food Chern. 39:584-587. Raworth, D.A.; Szeto, S.; Clements, S.J. 1991. Residues and timing of application of Szeto, S.Y.; Wan, M.T.; Price, P.; et al. 1990. oxydemeton-methyl for the control of Distribution and persistence of diazinon in a Chaetosiphon fragaefolii (Homoptera: 186 Vancouver 1992 INDEX A Apiculture, 155, 156, 156, 166, 168 Barnett, G.M., 49 Aalhus, J.L., 158 Apples, 176-178 Baron, M., 72 Abbaspour, K., 100 apple tree rootstocks, 65 Baron, R.W, 164 Abbotsford Substation/Sous-station (Agassiz), computer marketing model, 40 Baron, Y.S., 158 173, 174, 183, 184 185 fire blight disease, 68 Barr, D.J.S., 99 Abeilles-voir Apiculture insect control, 40 Barran, L.R., 114 Abramson, D., 131 -see also Pomology; Tree fruits Barron, J.R., 98 I'Acadie, Sous-station/substation Arachnida/Arachnides, research Bartlett, E, 87 (Saint -Jean-sur- Richelieu), 65 specialization/specialite en recherche, 98 Base de donnees des etudes (BDE), 26 Acarology/Acarologie, 63, 75, 98, 105 Arboretum (Central Experimental Farm/Ferme Batra, T.R., 88 Acharya, S.N., 163 experimentale centrale), 116 Baum, B.R., 99 Acton, D.E, 100 Arbres fruitiers, 42,178-179 Bean mosaic virus, 184 Agassiz Research Station/Station de recherches lutte integree, 81 Beans, black cultivar, 68, 166 (B.c.),172-174 peches et abricots, 69 Beauchemin, K.A, 164 Agneaux-voir Moutons reunion nation ale sur la genetique, 1 Beaverlodge Research Station/Station de Agricultural engineering specialite en recherche, 34, 175 recherches (Alta.), 155-157 farm buildings, 89, 92 -voir aussi Cerises; Pommes; Peches; Bechard, J., 58 land drainage, 31-32 Pomologie Becker, E.C, 99 oilseeds processing, 159 Archer, K., 20 Beef cattle portable steam auger for apple replants, 177 Armitage, G.T., 20 body composition factors, 166 portable track sprayer, 143 Armstrong, K.C., 114 damage to conifer stands, 179 research specialization, 44, 63, 89, 175 Arnold, N., 64 feed studies, 40, 91,146-147,179 Agrochemical metabolism, research Arpenteuses, 105 meat research, research specialization, 158 specialization, 87 Arsenault, WJ., 34 postweaning selection for gain, 165 Ainsworth, L., 90 Arshad, M.A., 155 reproductive studies, 73, 90--91, 123-124, 166 Air, qualite de I', photosynthese et mesures du Ashby, E.G., 75 research specialization, 40, 72, 123, 142, 164 dioxyde de carbone, 108 Asselin, J.M.R., 98 sire proof standardization, 90 Air quality, photosynthesis and carbon dioxide I'Assomption, Ferme experimentale/Experimental transport and handling weight loss, 159 measurement, 104 Farm (Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu), 64, 65 -see also Dairy cattle; Forage; Akhtar, M.H., 87 Atchinson, H., 99 Ruminants/rumen Alder, S., 75 Atkinson, WB., 131 Bees-see Apiculture Alfalfa Atrazine, degradation, 104, 108 Beetles age of stand and seed production, 156 Atwal, AS., 88 Colorado potato beetle, 45, 76 cold-tolerant cultivars, 55, 144, 152 Aube, C.B., 58 predacious rove, 102 early-maturing, 124 Auger, portable steam, 177 tuber flea, 184 falcata, 146 Aung, T., 131 -see also Coleoptera genetic races, 102 Avoine, 93, 116, 134 Begin, A, 59 potassium and, 55 folie, 139, 145 Behan-Pelletier, Y.M., 98 research specialization, 99 -voir aussi Cere ales Behki, R., 101 root rot, 56 Avondale substation/Sous-station (St. John's), 32, Beke, G.J., 164 seeding studies, 151, 166, 180 33 Belair, G., 63 Ali-Khan, S.T.,44 B Belanger, A, 63 Aliments Belanger, G., 44 Babcock, C, 99 Belanger, J.M.R., 88 emballage des, 59-60 Bacteria-see Microbiology qualite et analyse des, specialite en recherche, Bell, G.M., 141 Bacterie-voir Microbiologie Belleau, A, 49 58-59,87-88,158 Bagnall, R.H., 44 science et technologie-voir Sciences Belley, M., 20 Baier, W, 101 Belzile, L., 50 alimentaires Bailey, D.R.C, 164 transfert de la technologie, 17, 18-19 Benharrosh, G., 63 Bailey, K.L., 141 Benkel, B.E, 88 -voir aussi Betail, aliments pour Bailey, L.D., 123 Alk(en)ylresorcinols, analysis for/analyse de I', 90 Benoit, D.L., 63 Baillargeon, G., 99 Bentham, M.J., 141 Allan, J.R., 164 Banque des genes, ressources phytogenetiques, Allan-Wojtas, P.,88 Benton Ridge Substation/Sous-station 99,106-107,109 (Fredericton), 45 Allen, WR., 75 Barker, P.S., 132 Altise des tubercules de pommes de terre, 185 Benzing-Purdie, L.M., 11 Barley Berard, L.S., 63 Ames, N.P., 115 chloroplast DNA, 102 Anderson, AJ., 100 Berard, R., 175 crop rotation, 156 Bernard, F., 58 Anderson, D.A, 158 culture and yield, 56 Anderson, J.R., 131 Bernard, M., 183 direct seeding, 51 Berneche, S.1., 64 Anderson, R.M., 44 feed cultivar, 166 Anderson, R.Y., 99 Berries-see Blueberries; Strawberries flame chlorosis in, 132 Berthiaume, R., 72 Anderson, T.R., 67 leaf disease monitoring, 143 Andrew, CJ., 115 Betail malting and herbicide use, 124 bien-etre du, code de pratique, 13 Angers, D., 53 mildew-resistant cultivar, 115 Animal behavior, research specialization, 89 -voir aussi Breuf; Mouton; Pore; Volaille nematode resistance and yield experiments, 35 Betail, cultures pour Ie Animaux, comportement des, specialite en research specialization, 99, 123 recherche, 89 ble et trefle rouge, 35 resistance to Russian wheat aphid, 159 digestibilite, 180 Anthocyans/Anthocyanes, production, 59, 60 tillage methods and, 56 Antiparasitaire, lutte-voir Lutte integree orge,35,166 tillering in, 159 specialite en recherche, 34, 87-88 Aphids, 102 -see also Cereals -see also Pest control -voir aussi Fourrage Index 1992 187 Beveridge, H.J.T., 175 folates seriques, 55 effets du climat et des engrais, 147 Beyaert, R.P., 75 fourrages pour, 172 especessauvages,106 Biederbeck, Y.O., 150 genetique, specialite en recherche, 89 glucosinolate analysis, 143 Bifidobacteria, in cheeses, 61 absorption de cuivre et de selenium, 174 huile de, digestibilite, 92 Bifidobacteries, en from ages, 60 regimes alimentaires, 46, 50,167,172 moutarde sauvage dans 101culture, 130 Bilodeau, S., 90 reponse superovulative, 50 oil, digestibility, 90 Binns, M.R., 24 specialite en recherchc, 49 pathogenes et fongicides, 144 Bishop, G.A., 31 -voir aussi Boeuf; Lait; Laitiere; pathogens and fungicide control, 143 Bissett, J.D., 99 Ruminants/rumen resistance to flea bcetle, 133 Bissonette, N., 53 Bowen, P.A, 172 resistance aux puces terrestres, 135 Bittman, S., 58, 172 Bowes, G.G., 150 wild mustard in, 128 Blackburn, W.J., 22 Bowman, B.T., 74 wild relatives, 102 Blackleg pathogen (canol a), 143 Brandle, J.E., 75 Capucin des graines, pieges a pheromones, 135 Blackshaw, R.E., 163 Brandon Research Station/Station de recherches Carbohydrate analysis, research specialization, 88 Blackwell, B.A., 114 (Man.), 123-126 Carefoot, J.M., 164 Blatt, CR., 39 Brandt, S.A, 143 Carie, resistance chez Ie ble, 168 Ble Braun, P.G., 39 Carisse, 0., 63 concurrence de 101folie avoine, 145 Brazil, zero-tillage project, 151 Carpocapse de 101pomme, programme cultivar de ble tendre et blanc d'hiver, 69 Brevets, 17 d'eradication, 178 dates et doses de semis, 116 Brewin, D., 101 Carr, T.Y.,67 donnees assorties en resistance, 168 Bresil, ensemencement sans travail de sol, Carter, M.R., 34 donnees sur 101glutenine et 101gliadine, 134-135 152-153 CASCC-see Canadian Agricultural Services dur, 134, 152 Brierley, J.A, 100 Coordinating Committec germe dans 101farine, 116 Bright, D.E., 98 Casebearer pest of clover, 102 gestion des rotations des cultures, 147 Brimacombe, P., 100 Cassidy, S.C., 44 maladies du, 134-135 Britten, M., 58 Castell, AG., 123 resistance a 101bnllure de I'epi, 36, 116 Broadbent, AB., 75 Castonguay, E, 50 resistance a 101carie commune, 152 Brodie, H.G., 127 Castonguay, Y., 53 sondes de 101resistance genetique a 101rouille, Broersma, K., 176 Catling, P.M., 99 116 Bromfield, E.S.P., 114 Cave, N.AG., 88 specialite en recherche, 99, 131, 150, 163 Brown, D.CW, 114 Cayouette, J., 99 surveillance des maladies foliaires, 145 Brown, P.D., 131 CCSAC-voir Comite de coordination dcs systemes d'ensemencement, 147, 153 Brfilure de I'epi services agricoles canadiens traitement a l'huile en entreposage, 135 epidemie de, 134 Centre de rechcrches alimentaires et transfert de genes de resistance aux maladies, resistance a la, 116 zootechniques (Ottawa), 87-97 55 Buckley, D.J., 90 Centre de rechcrches phytotechniques, 114-119 -voir aussi Cere ales Buckley, J.T., 24 Centre de recherches sur les terres et les Bleuets, 32-33, 42, 59 Buckley, w.T., 172 ressources biologiques (Ottawa), 90-113 Blueberries, 31-32, 41, 61 Buckwheat, rcsearch specialization, 127 Centre des ressources phytogenetiques, 99, Bodnaryk, R.P., 131 Bunt, wheat resistance, 166 106-107 Boeuf-voir Bovins de boucherie Bureau des relations avec l'Industrie, 17-19 Centre for Food and Animal Research (Ottawa), Boisclair, R., 20 Burgess, P.L.,40, 44 87-97 Boisvert, J., 100 Burkino Faso, Plant Protection Project/Projet de Centre for Land and Biological Resources Boiteau, G., 44 protection des vegetaux, 63 Research (Ottawa), 98-113 Boivin, G., 63 Burnett, P.A, 158 Cereals Bolcso, S., 22 Burrows, Y.D., 115 chemistry, spccialization in, 131 Bole, J.B., 131 Bush, R.S., 44 diseases, 132-133 Bolter, C.J., 74 Butler, G., 24 genetics and breeding, research specialization, Bomford, R.J., 123 Buttery, B.R., 67 114-115,123,131,150,155 Bonn, w.G., 67 Butts, R.A, 163 pathology, research specialization, 114, 131 Bootsma, A, 100 Buzzell, R.I., 67 pest and pest control, 133, 141 Bordeleau, L., 53 Byers, J.R., 163 protection, research specialization, 141 -see also Barley; Corn; Oats; Wheat Bostanian, N.J., 63 C Bouchard, D., 63 Cereales Calculateur des effets de I'erosion sur 101 Boudreault, S., 58 chimie, specialite en recherche, 131 productivite, 147 Boulet, M., 59 genetique et amelioration, speci.alite en Bourgeois, G., 63 Calves, disease resistance, 90 recherche, 114-115, 123, 131, 150 Campbell, AJ., 34 Bousquet, Y., 98 insectes nuisibles et lutte integn~e, 134-135, Boutros, S., 20 Campbell, CA, 150 141 Bovins de boucherie Campbell, C.G., 127 maladies des, 134-135 amelioration genetique, specialite en recherche, Campbell, CT., 141 pathologie, specialite en recherche, 114, 131 Campbell, D., 87 123 protection des, specialite en recherche, 141 composition corporelle, 168 Campbell, J.M., 98 -voir aussi Avoine; Ble; Mals; Orge Canada - Alberta Livestock Research Trust, 166 dommages aux coniferes, 180 Cerises, 178-179 Canadian Agricultural Serviccs Coordinating epreuves administrees aux taureaux de Cerkauskas, R.E, 75 Committee (CASCC), 12 boucherie, 93 Cessna, AJ., 137 Canadian Collection of Fungus Cultures, 105 etudes alimentaires, 41, 94, 148, 180 CFAR-see Centre for Food and Animal Canadian National Collection of Insects, etudes genetiques et de reproduction, 72, 93, Research 125, 168 • Arachnids, and Nematodes, 105 Chadwick, S., 24 Canadian Poisonous Plants Information System, meteorisation chez les, 180 Chagnon, R., 63 102 perte dc poids pendant Ie transport, 159 Chambcrs, J.R., 87 selection apres sevrage pour Ic gain, 167 Canadian Soil Information System, 103 Chamomile, scentless, 138 specialite cn recherche, 40, 72, 142, 164 Canol a Champagne, CP., 58 viandes, specialite en recherche, 158 assorted studies, 115-116 Champagne, E., 67 analyse du glucosinolate, 144 -voir aussi Bovins laiticrs; Ruminants/rumen Champignons climate and fertilizer effects on, 145 Bovins laitiers comme bioherbicide, 139 188 Index 1992 etudes systematiques, 106 Cormier, F., 58 Desphande, S.S., 127 production de conidies par Cochliobolus sativus, Corn, 115, 124, 180 Dewan, D., 24 144 -see also Cereals; Feed; Forage Dhanvantari, B.N., 67 production de furocoumarines dans les Cossentine, J.E., 175 Dickinson, C.J., 87 legumes, 81 Cossette, J.M., 100 Dignard, A, 20 production et entreposage de Trichoderma Cote, J.C, 63 Dindon-voir Yolaille harzianum, 80 Cote, M.-J., 114 Dine!, H., 101 et residus des pesticides, 109 Coulter, G.H., 164 DipteralDipteres, research specialite en recherche, 99 Court, WA, 75 specialization/specialite en recherche, 98 systemes de transport des, 78 Cousineau, J., 98 Dixon, P.L., 31 -voir aussi Mycotoxines Couture, L., 53, 64 Doane, J.F., 141 Chan, Y.K., 114 Craib, M., 20 . Dobinson, K.E., 74 Chang, C, 164 Creston Substation/Sous-station (Summerland), Dondale, CD., 99 Chapman, R.A, 74 178,179 Dormaar, J.F., 164 Chaput, D.J.Z.J., 101 Crompton, CW., 99 Doryphore de la pomme de terre, 46, 79 Charan«on de la prune, traitement, 64 Crop production-see individual crops Downey, R.K., 141 Charbon, chez Ie ble, 134 Cucumber necrosis virus, 184 Doyon, G., 59 Charlottetown Research Station/Station de Culley, J.L.B., 100 Drapeau, R., 54 recherches (P.E.I.), 34-38 Cultures bacteriennes, production des, 59 Drew, D.E.H., 74 Charuest, J.-P., 49 Cultures fruitieres-voir Arbres fruitiers; Drury, CF., 68 Cheeses, 60 Pomologie; fruits individue!s Drylands, research specialization, 164 Cheng, K.-J., 164 Cultures legumieres-voir Ugumes Dubuc, J.-P., 53 Cherries, 177 Cultures pour Ie betail-voir Betail, cultures pour Duczek, L.J., 141 Chiba, M., 75 Cumming, J.M., 98 Dueck, J., 175 Chiquette, J., 49 Cuppels, D.A., 74 Duff, R.I., 75 Chlorose panachee, 134 Cutforth, H.W, 150 Duggan, J., 20 Chlorpyrifos, 166, 168 Cutworms, 166 Dumanski, J., 100 Chong, J., 131 Cytogenetique, specialite en recherche, 114 Dwyer, L.M., 101 Choo, T.M., 34 Czarnecki, E.M., 131 Dyck, F.B., 150 Chow, Paul N.P., 124, 125 D Dyck, G.W, 123 Chow, T.L., 44 Dyck, P.L., 131 D'Aoust, M., 58 Christiansen, L.S., 155 Dyck, V.A, 175 Christie, B.R., 34 Dairy cattle E Chubey, B.B., 127 feed regimes, 51, 166 Chung, H.S., 163 forages for, 172 Eastwell, K., 175 Clapperton, M.J., 164 genetics, research specialization, 89 Eaux Clarke, J.M., 150 nutrition studies, 45, 56, 173 etudes sur les Grands Lacs, 77, 108 Clarke, P.J., 155 research specialization, 49 deplacement des produits chimiques agricoles, Clayton, G.W, 155 superovulation response, 51 168 Cliff, M., 175 -see also Beef cattle; Ruminants/rumen donnees assorties, 167 Climate change, 11-12 Dairy industry, 12, 104 lessiveurs de gaz, 64 Climatique, changement, 13 research specialization, 58 politi que federale, 13-14 Cliplef, R.L., 123 Dalpe, Y., 99 qualite des, contamination des Grands Lacs, Cloutier, B., 24 Daneau, J., 63 108 Cloutier, D., 64 Dang, PT, 98 Edwards, L.M., 34 Cloutier, Y., 53 Danielson, IJ., 164 Eggs, 89, 90 Clover phyllody pathogen, 116 Darisse, F., 64 Ehret, D.L., 172 Clover, production experiments, 35 Darwent, AL., 155 Eilers, R.G., 101 Cochliobolus sativus, 143 Daubeny, H.A., 183 Eilers, WD., 100 Cochons-voir Porc/porcins Davidson, CG., 127 Elliott, R.H., 141 Codling moth, eradication program, 177 Davidson, H.R., 114 Ellis, P.J., 183 Cody, W.J., 99 Davidson, J.G.N., 155 Embree, CG., 39 Coen, G.M., 100 de Useleuc, J., 49 Embryo-see Gamete/embryo technology Coleman, J.A, 74 de Passille, AM. B., 49 Embryons-gametes, technologie, 89, 93 Coleman, WK., 44 de St. Remy, E.A., 158 Emmons, D.B., 87 Coleoptera/Coleopteres, research De Boer, S.H., 183 Endemann, K.E., 17 specialization/specialite en recherche, 98 De Jong, H., 44 Endomycorrhyzae/Endomuchorhizees, 54, 55 Colinet substation/So us-station (St. John's), 32, De Jong, R., 100 Enns, CF., 123 33 De Kimpe, C, 11 Ensilage-voir Fourrage Collection nation ale d'insectes, d'arachnides et de DeClerck-Floate, R.A, 163 Entomologie nematodes, 109 Dedio, W, 127 des cere ales, specialite en recherche, 141 Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (bioherbicide), 138 Dehnholm, K.A., 100 des cultures fruitieres et legumieres, 39, 63, 67 Collicutt, L.M., 127 Delaquis, P., 58 des pI antes, specialite en recherchc, 34, 53, 74, Collins, w.F., 88 Delhi Research Station/Station de recherches 98-100, 175, 183 Colorado potato beetle, 45, 76 (London), 74, 79-80 service national d'identification, 107 Colwell, D.D., 164 Demars, D., 63 specialite en recherche, 31, 74-75, 98-99,183 Comeau, A., 53 Denis, S., 20 -voir aussi Lutte integree; Phytopathologie Comite de coordination des services agricoles DePauw, R.M., 150 Entomology canadiens (CCSAC), 14 Derksen, D.A, 150 national identification service, 103 Commercialization/Commercialisation, 17-18 Derzaph, I, 137 of cereals, research specialization, 141 Composting/Compostage, 109 Deschenes, J.-M., 49 of fruit and vegetable crops, research Conner, R.L., 163 Deschenes, L., 59 specialization, 39, 63, 67 Conrad, WA, 163 Deshaies, E.M., 137 plant, research specialization, 34, 53, 74, Coordination de la recherche, Direction, 11-14 Desjardins, R.L., 101 98-100,175,183 Coote, D.R., 100 Deslauriers, M.L.C, 39 research specialization, 31, 74-75, 98-99,183 Corlett, M.P., 99 Desmarais, G., 20 -see also Pest control; Plant pathology Index 1992 189 Entz, T., 163 Francophone program, 60 Fraleigh, B., 99 Environment industry research facilities, 60 Framboises, nouveau cultivar, 129 agricultural pollution, research specialization, meats, research specialization, 58, 158 Fraser, J., 163 89,101, 137 milk industry, research specialization, 58 Fraser, w.R., 100 agricultural research centre, 101, 104 quality and analysis, research specialization, 88 Fraser, D.G., 90 manure gases, 92 packaging studies, 60--61 Frazer, B.D., 183 policy, 11-12 processing and storage studies, 41, 60 Fredericton Research Station/Station de -see also Pest control publications in, 25 recherches (N.B.), 44--48 Environnement research specialization, 39, 58-59, 87-88, 175 Freeze, B.S., 164 centre de recherches agricoles, 101, 107-109 statistical support for, 25 Fregeau-Reid, J., 115 gaz de fumier, 95 technology transfer, 17-18, 58 Frelighsburg, Sous-station/substation politique agricole, 11, 13-14 vegetable processing, research specialization, (Saint -Jean-sur -Richelieu), 65 pollution agricole, specialite en recherche, 89, 58 French, C.J., 183 101,137 -see also Agricultural engineering; Centre for Freve, A, 50 -voir aussi Lutte integree Food and Animal Research Frey, D.H., 172 Erable, sirop d', 59 Foottit, R.G., 98 Freyman, S., 172 Erfle, J.D., 88 Forage Friel, D., 20 Erlandson, M.A, 141 age of stand and seed production, 156 Froid, Congres international sur Ie, .59 Erosion Productivity Impact Calculator, 145 Forage Fromages, 59-60 Erucic acid/acide erucique, agronomy of, 32 Fumier, gaz de, 95 metabolism/metabolisme, 90 alfalfa, barley, and triticale studies, 45 Fungi Estabrooks, E.N., 44 assorted studies, 166 as bioherbicide, 138 Ewanus, D.J., 142 nutritional studies, 51, 56, 151, 172, 179 cell-wall transport;n fertilizers for, 124, 146 Cochliobolus sativus conidial production, 143 F fescue management, 146 fucocoumarin production in vegetables, 80-81 Fahmy, M.H., 49 grasses and legume mixtures, 73 pesticide breakdown, 105 Fahmy, S., 100 insect predation on, 138 production and storage of Trichoa'enna Fairey, D.T., 155 new grass cultivars, 116 harzianum, 79 Fairey, N.A., 155 orchard grass and alfalfa trials, 40 research specialization, 99 Fairfull, R.w., 90 preservation, 51,146,159,172-173,179 systematic studies, 103 Farm buildings research specialization, 53,141-142,150,163 -see also Mycology; Mycotoxins natural ventilation, 92 seeding conifer stands, 179 Fungicides, for damping-off in canola, 143 research specialization, 89 silage storage, 73 Furlan, v., 53 -see also Agricultural engineering timothy genotypes, 55 Fusarium Farmer, C., 49 weed control in, 146 corn cultivar resistance, 115 Farnworth, E.R., 88 yield and quality, 173 head blight, 132 Farries, B.C., 165 zinc deficiency in, 180 nucleation/nucleation, 54, 55 Fedak, G., 114 Ford, G.R., 75 wheat cultivar resistance, 36, 115 Federal policy, coordination of, 11-12 Forney, CP., 39 G Feed crops Foroud, N., 164 Gagne-Giguere, S., 49 digestibility, 179 Forster, R.J., 88 research specialization, 34, 87-88 Fort Vermillion Experimental Farm/Ferme Gagnon, J., 58 Gamble, D.S., 101 wheat, barley, and clover, 35 experimentale (Beaverlodge), 155, 156, 157 Gamete/embryo technology, 89, 90 -see also Barley; Corn; Forage; Oats; Wheat Fortin, A, 88 Garber, L., 20 Feldman, M., 98, 101 Fortin, J., 59 Fenugreek/Fenugrec, prairie-adapted, 128, 130 Fortin, M.-C, 101 Gariepy, C, 58 Garton, R.W., 67 Fernadez, M.R., 150 Foster, AE., 40 Gaudet, D.A, 163 Fernet, C, 49 Fourrage Gaul, S.O., 39 Fescue, 146, 156 agronomie du, 33 Gaunce, AP., 175 -see also Forage carence de zinc, 181 Fetuque, 147, 157 conservation, 50, 148, 160, 173, 180 Gauthier, E., 58 Gavora, E., 98 -voir aussi Fourrage ensilage, 72 Gavora, J.S., 88 Fields, P., 132 etudes en nutrition, 50, 54, 152, 172, 180 Gawley, C, 20 Finance and administration-see Management donnees assorties, 168 Gaynor, J.D., 68 Strategies and Services melanges de graminees et de legumineuses, Gehl, D.T., 151 Fiser, P.S.,90 72-73 Gelinas, P.,58 Fisher, L.J., 172 engrais pour Ie, 125, 148 Genebanks Fitzpatrick, S.M., 183 ensemencement de pine des, 180 for ornamentals, 81 Flame chlorosis, 132 essais avec dactyle pelotonne et luzerne, 41--42 seed genebank centre, 99, 103, 105 Flavonoids/Flavono'ides, 90, 92 essais avec luzerne, orge et triticale, 46 Genest, C, 63 Flax genotypes de la fleole des pres, 54 Genetics, research specialization, 88-89, 114 fusarium wilt and rust resistance, 128 gestion de la fetuque, 147 Genetique, specialite en recherche, 88--89, 114 potato aphid in, 133 lutte contre les mauvaises herbes, 147 Genie agricole research specialization, 127 nouveaux cultivars de graminees, 117 pulverisateur portatif, 145 zinc and phosphorus fertilizers, 124 predation des insectes, 139 specialite en recherche, 44, 63, 175 Fleole des pres-voir Fourrage production de graines en fonction de I'age du structures agricoles, 89 Flies, 102, 165 peuplement,156-157 tariere portative it vapeur pour replantation des -see also Diptera rendement et qualite, 173-174 pommiers, 178 Fobert, L.R., 158 specialite en recherche, 53,141-142,150,163 Foglietta, C, 22 transformation des oleagineux, 160 Fox, CA, 101 -voir aussi Sciences aliment aires Fongicides, pour fonte des semis chez Ie canola, Fraises Gerber, G.H., 132 144 chlorose margin ale moderee, 185 Germain, M., 53 Food sciences paillis d'hiver de polyethylene, 46 Gestion, strategies et services de, 20-21 assorted tests in, 128 residus du glyphosate, 138 Gibson, G.A.P., 98 biotechnology, 58 resistance au stele rouge, 64 Giffen, D.W., 141 food and feed safety, 87 variation des, 106 food preservation and storage, 59 190 Index 1992 Gijzen, M.R., 74 Harrow Research Station/Station de recherches research facilities for food science, 60 Gilbert, J., 131 (Ont.),67-71 Industry Relations Office, 17-19 Gill, CO., 158 Harwalkar, VR., 88 Insectes-voir Entomologie; Lutte integree Gillespie, D.R., 172 Hayes, J.P., 24 Insects-see Entomology; Pest control Ginns, J.H., 99 Hayhoe, H.N., 101 Intellectual property, 17, 18 Girard, B., 175 Hedges, B.R., 67 International policy and coordination, 12, 17-18 Girard, CL., 49 Hefford, M.A, 88 Inventaire de la recherche agro-alimentaire au Gleddie, S.C, 114 HemipteraIHemipteres, research Canada (IRAC), 26 Glenlea Field Station/Champs d'experimentation specialization/specialite en recherche, 98 Inventory of Canadian Agri-food Research (Winnipeg), 133, 135 Herbes, mauvaises-voir Herbicides; Lutte (ICAR),25 Glucans, 13-, in oat gum/dans la gomme d'avoine, integree; Malherbologie Irrigation, research specialization/specialite en 90,92 Herbicides recherche, 164, 175, 175 Glucides, analyse des, specialite en recherche, 88 biologicallbiologique, 79, 80, 138, 139 Isfan, D., 53 Godard, D., 22 brome control and crop tolerance, 165 Ivan, M., 88 Godfrey, L.C, 175 lutte contre Ie brome et tolerance des cultures, Ivany, J.A, 34 Goettel, M.S., 163 167 J Goplen, B.P., 141 and malting barley/et maltage de I'orge, 124, Gossen, B.D., 141 125 Jackson, E.D., 39 Goulet, H., 98 physiology/physiologie, 137 Jackson, H.A, 90 Gouveia, S., 87 tralkoxydim, 159 Jambe noire (canol a), 144 Grace, B., 11, 164 2,4-D degradation/degradation, 137, 138 Jame, Y.W, 150 Grain borer, pheromone trapping, 133 Herbier des pIantes vasculaires, 109 Jamieson, AR., 39 Graminees Herbier national de mycologie Jan, E.Z., 142 etudes, 106 Heslop, L.C., 17 Janzen, H.H., 164 specialite en recherche, 99, 150 Hicklenton, P.R., 39 Jardins de piantes ornementales (Ferme -voir aussi Fourrage; graminees individuelles Hidiroglou, M., 88 experimentale centrale), 117 Grandhi, R.R., 123 Hildebrand, P.D., 39 Jarvis, WR., 67 Granger, R.L., 63 Hiley, J.C, 101 Jeck, S.C, 101 Grant, CA, 123 Hill, B.D., 163 Jefferson, P.G., 150 Grapes-see Viticulture Hinks, CE, 141 Jenkins, KJ., 88 Grasses Ho, KM., 115 Jensen, B.G., 183 research specialization, 99, 150 Ho, S.K, 87 Jensen, KI.N., 39 studies, 102 Hogue, E.J., 175 Jeremiah, L.E., 158 -see also Forages; individual grasses Holmstrom, D.A, 101 Jerusalem artichoke, flour production, 91 Grasshoppers, 143 Holt, N.W, 150 Jewett, T.J., 67 Green, M.J., 34 Hope, H.J., 115 Johanis, J., 17 Green Plan, 11-12 Horticulture Johannson, G.I., 141 Greenbelt Experimental Farm!Ferme national program for/programme national d' John, M.K., 11 experimentale (Nepean), 92, 95 12, 13 Johnson, D.L., 163 Greer, G.G., 158 research specialization/specialite en recherche, Johnson, P.J., 150 Gregorich, E., 101 44,67 Johnson, P.W.,39 Grenon, L., 100 -see also/voir aussi PIantes ornementales; Johnston, H.W, 34 Grover, R., 137 Ornamentals Joncas, S., 63 Gruber, M.Y., 141 Horton, P.R., 142 Jones, A, 101 Grunder, AA, 88 Howarth, R.E., 141 Jones, D.D., 158 Gubbels, G.H., 127 Howes, N.K, 131 Jones, John D., 89, 92 Guepes, etudes et base de donnees, 105, 106 Hsaio, AI., 137 Judd, G., 175 Guilbault, L.A., 49 Huang, H.C, 163 Jui, P.Y., 24 Guindon, D., 53 Huber, J.T., 98 K Gupta, U.C, 34 Hudon, M., 63 Kalab, M., 88 H Huffman, E.C, 101 Kalt, W, 39 Hughes, S.J., 99 Haber, S.M., 131 Kamloops Research Station/Station de Hume, L., 137 Hackett, AJ., 90 recherches (Summerland), 175, 178, 179-181 Hunt, D.W, 67 Hagley, E.A.C, 75 Kappel, E, 175 Hunter, D.M., 67 Halchuk, CN., 24 Kapuskasing, Ferme experimentalelExperimental Hall, I., 25 Hunter, J.H., 150 Farm (Ont.), 72-73 Hurry, L.E., 34 Hall, J.W, 183 Kara, V, 24 Hall, P.,24 Hutcheson, D.S., 141 Kastelic, J.P., 164 Hall, T.W, 164 Hydrantoinases, production, 59, 60 Kawchuk, L.M., 163 Hamill, AS., 67, 68 HymenopteralHymenopteres, research Kealey, B., 11 Hamilton, KG.A, 98 specialization/specialite en recherche, 98 Keane, V, 141 Hamilton, R.I., 115, 183 I Kelleher, J.S., 99 Hamilton, R.M.G., 40 ICAR-see Inventory of Canadian Agri-food Kelowna Substation/Sous-station (Summerland), Hampson, M.C, 31 Research 178,179 Harder, D.E., 131 Ihnat, M., 101 Kempler, C, 172 Harding, H., 141 Indian Head Experimental Farm/Ferme Kenaf, 79, 80 Hardman, J.M., 39 experiment ale (Swift Current), 151, 152, 153 Kenaschuk, E.O., 127 Hardwick, D.E, 99 Industrie Kengyilia, 102, 106 Haricots, 69, 168, 185 Bureau des relations avec I', 17, 18-19 Kennett, J.R., 24 Harker, KN., 158 ententes de collaboration et perm is, 17, 18-19 Kentville Research Station/Station de recherches Harrington Research Farm/Ferme experimentale installations pour recherches alimentaires, 59 (N.S.),39-43 (Charlottetown), 36, 37 Industry Khan, S.u., 101 Harris, L., 114 collaborative agreements and licensing Khanizadeh, S., 63 HalTis, P., 163 contracts, 17-18 Kibite, S., 158 Index 1992 191 Kichuk, D.M., 141 Lashburn Project Farm/Ferme satellite Loeppky, G., 127 Kiehn, E.A., 127 (Saskatoon); 144 Loeppky, H.A., 142 Kielly, G.A., 150 Lathyrus, 127, 128, 129-130 London Research Centre/Centre de recherches Kim, WK, 131 Laurendeau, L., 58 (Ont.),74-83 Kimpinski, J., 34 Lavaltrie, Sous-station/substation Loon Lake Project Farm/Ferme satellite Kindersley Project Farm/Ferme satellite (Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu),65 (Saskatoon), 144 (Saskatoon), 144 Lavell, S., 87 Looney, N.E., 175 King, B.R., 24 Lawrence, R.A, 39 Loopers, 102 King,R.R.,44 Layne, R.E.e., 67 Lorion, J., 24 Kirkland, K.J., 143 Lazarovits, G., 74 Luciuk, R.W, 150 Knipfel, J.E., 150 Leaf roller, 65 Luffman, M., 76 Knowles, R.P., 142 Leaf rust-see Rust Lukow, O.M., 131 Knox, R., 150 Leblanc, J., 20 Lutte integree Kodama, H., 101 LeBlanc, D.I., 39 arbres fruitiers, 40, 64, 81 Kokko, E.G., 163 LeBlanc,p.v.,45 base de donnees sur les insectes nuisibles, 106 Kolmer, J.A, 131 Lee, AJ., 90 et bleuets, 32-33 Kovacs, M.I.P., 131 Lee, B., 58 dans les cereales entreposees, 134-135, 141 Kowalenko, e.G., 172 Lees, G.L., 142 chimie environnementale et lutte biologique, Kozak, L.M., 100 Lefkovitch, L.P., 24 137 Kozub, G.e., 163 Lefran"ois, M., 88 degradation des produits chimiques par les Kramer, J.K.G., 88 Leger, D.A., 87 bacteries, 78 Krehm, H.S., 24 Legere, A, 53 effets du cucujide roux, 135 Krupka, R.M., 74 Legge, WG., 123 essais en horticulture, 64 Kucey, R.M.N., 127 Leggett, E, 163 lutte biologique, 77-78, 107 Kudirka, D.T, 114 Legumes lutte contre Ie carpocapse de la pomme, 178 Kunelius, H.T, 34 amelioration genetique, 33 mecanismes moleculaires, 78 evaluation de la conservation et de la fraicheur, nouvelles methodes, 13 L 173 pieges a pheromones, 135 La Pocatiere Experimental Farm/Ferme furocourmarines dans les, 81 resistance aux insecticides de la fausse teigne experimentale (Lennoxville), 49, 50, 51 l'imazethapyr contre les mauvaises herbes, 42 des cruciferes, 77-8 Labelle, J.-G., 17 larves phyllophages dans Ie brocoli, 47 specialite en recherche, 74-75, 131, 137 Laberge, S., 53 maladies virales, 184-185 systeme d'information sur la recherche, 26-27 Lachance, A.e., 87 nouveaux croisements de tomates, 69 systemes integres, 79 Lacombe Research Station/Station de recherches physiologie, specialite en recherche, 172 -voir aussi Entomologie; Malherbologie (Alta.), 158-162 recherches sur la production des, 32 Luzerne Lactocoques, en fromage fait avec du lait de serre, 67, 69, 172 densite des semis et lutte contre les mauvaises concentre, 60 specialite en recherche, 63, 67 herbes,168 Laferriere, J., 24 pour la transformation, 64 falcata, 148 Laflamme, L.E, 11, 40 transformation des-voir Sciences alimentaires fertilisation potassique, 54 Lafond, G.P., 150 tunnels de plastique pour, 42 maturation hative, 126 Lafontaine, J.D., 98 -voir aussi Pommes de terre pose dans un paturage, 152 Lafreniere, e., 72 Leisle, D., 131 pourriture phytophthoreenne, 54 Laing, e.D., 24 Lemieux, e., 53 production de graines en fonction de I'age du Lait Lendrum, e.WB., 150 peuplement,156-157 gene pour variante B de caseine, 93 Lennoxville, Station de recherches/Research races genetiques, 106 produits de I'ultrafiltration, 92-93 Station (Que.), 49-52 rusticite aux hivers extremes, 145, 152 utilisation des derives dans les produits de LentilslLentilles, nitrogen fixation/fixation de specialite en recherche, 99 boulangerie, 60 l'azote dans les sols, 151, 152 tolerance au gel, 54 -voir aussi Bovins laitiers; Fromages Leonard, M.L., 90 traitement des graines, 180 Laitiere LepidopteralLepidopteres, research -voir aussi Fourrage initiatives en recherches, 13 specialization/specialite en recherche, 98 Lynch, D.R., 163 microbiologie et chimie en recherches, 58 LeSage, L., 98 Lynn, e.E., 141 transformation des eaux residuaires, 109 Lessard, M., 90 Lysyk, TJ., 164 -voir aussi Bovins laitiers Lethbridge Research Station/Station de M Lalande, R., 53 recherches (Alta.), 163-171 Ma, C.-Y., 88 Lamarche, E, 59 Levesque, A, 53 MacDonald, C., 100 Lamarre, M., 64 Leyshon, AJ., 137 MacDonald, KB., 100 Lamb, R.J., 132 Licensing agreementslLicenses, concessions des, Machinerie agricole-voir Genie agricole Lamontagne, L., 100 17,18,19 MacLeod, J.A, 34 Lamoureux, e., 24 Lievers, KW., 17 Madhosingh, e., 11, 74 Land resources Lin, e.S., 24, 90 Mahadevan, S., 88 mapping and databases, 103 Lin national services, 100, 103-105 fertilisation avec du zinc et du phosphore, 126 Mains, WH., 163 Mals, 181, 125 -see also Soils fletrissure fusarienne et resistance la rouille, a -voir aussi Betail, cultures de; Cereales; Landry, B., 63 129 Fourrage Landry, J.E, 98 puce ron de la pomme de terre chez Ie, 135 Majak, W, 176 Lane, WD., 175 specialite en recherche, 127 Major, D.J., 163 Langford, e., 87 Lin, We., 172 Makowski, R.M.D., 137 Lapierre, H., 49 Lindquist, E.E., 98 Malherbologie Lapsley, KG., 58 Lindwall, e.W, 164 lutte contre Ie souchet comestible, 65 Lareau, M.J., 63 Liptay, A, 67 en fourrages, 147-148 Lamey, EJ., 164 Liu, TP., 155 lutte biologique, specialite en recherche, 137, Laroche, A, 163 Livestock Larocque, L., 20 code of animal welfare practice, 12 163 reunion nation ale sur la, 13 Larose, J., 24 -see also Beef; Feeds; Pork; Poultry; Sheep 192 Index 1992 specialite en recherche, 53, 68 Michaud Experimental FarmlFerme Moyer, J.R., 164 -voir aussi Herbicides experimentale (Fredericton), 45, 46, 47 Moyls, AL., 175 Malhi, S.S., 158 Michaud; M.H., 63 Mucha, H.M., 87 Malyk, M., 131 Michaud, R, 53 Muendel, H.-H., 164 Management Strategies and Services, 20-21 Michelutti, R, 67 Muir, AD., 142 Manure gas, 92 Microbiologie, Mulligan, GA, 99 Manyberries, Sask.-see/voir Onefour des aliments, 59-60 Mullin, WJ., 88 Substa tion/Sous-sta tion specialite en recherche, 58, 87 Munroe, E.G., 99 Maple syrup, Enterobacter fermentation, 61 laitiere, 60 Munroe, J.A, 90 Marchand, L., 24 lutte bacterienne contre la pourriture chez les Murphy, AM., 44 Marcotte, M., 59 pommiers, 178 Murray, AC, 158 Marketing, program/programme, 17, 18 maladies alimentaires, specialite en recherche, Murray, D.1., 165 Marks, CP., 74 87 Mustards, 143, 166 Marriage, P.B., 98 des plantes, specialite en recherche, 53 Mutuura, Ao',99 Marshall, WH., 163 transfert des genes pour la production Mycology, research specialization, 74-75 Martel, P., 63 d'amylase et de xylanase, 167 Mycotheque canadienne, 109 Martens, J.W, 11 transport des bacteries parietales, 78 Mycotoxins/Mycotoxines, 87, 90, 92, 114 Martin, RA, 34, 183 de la viande, 58, 160 N Masner, L., 99 specialite en recherche, 158 Nadeau, P.,53 Mason, P.G., 141 virologie des plants, specialite en recherche, Nadeau, T., 53 Masse, D.I., 90 183 Nappan Experimental Farm!Ferme experimentale Mathur, S.P., 101 Microbiology (Kentville), 40, 41, 43 Matricaire inodore, 139 amylase and xylanase gene transfer, 165 Narasimhalu, P.R, 34 Matsumoto, T., 183 bacterial cell-wall transport, 77 Nass, H.G., 34 Matte, J.1., 49 bacterial control of apple tree rot, 177 National Mycological Herbarium, 105 May, K.W, 164 dairy, 61 Nazarowec-White, M., 87 Mazza, G., 127 food, assorted studies, 60-61 Neilsen, G.H., 175, 176 McAlpine, J.P., 99 research specialization, 58, 87 McAndrew, D.W, 158 meat, 58, 158 Neish, GA, 163 Nelson, D.L., 155 McBeath, D.K., 44 research specialization, 158 Nelson, S., 101 McCaig, T.N., 150 plant, research specialization, 53 McCartney, D.H., 142 virology, research specialization, 183 Nematodes/Nematodes cover crop suppression, 79 McCaughey, WP., 123 Miki, B.L., 114 DNA fingerprinting for taxonomy, 184 McClelland, L.A, 164 Milburn, P.H., 44 nematicide biologique, 64 McConkey, B.G., 150 Milk McElgunn, J.D., 155 gene for Bvariant of casein, 90 organic nematicide, 65 reduction par les cultures de couverture, 79 McElroy, AR, 115 ultrafiltration products, 90 research specialization/specialite en recherche, McGarvey, B.D., 75 -see also Cheeses; Dairy cattle; Dairy industry 34,63,75,183 McGinn, S.M., 164 Miller, J.D., 114 separation taxonomique, 184 McGinnis, D.S., 158 Miller, S.R, 76 McGregor, D.I., 141 Miller, S.S., 88 Neve, D., 172 Newberry, RC., 172 McGregor, E.E., 17 Millette, J.A, 101 Newell, A, 155 McGuffin, WC, 99 Mills, J.T., 132 McIntyre, G.L, 137 Mills, P.P., 155 Nickerson, N.L., 39 McKay, RM., 123 Miner, J.R., 39 Nielsen, B.K., 17 McKellar, R.C, 87 Mir, P.S., 176 Niemi, P., 176 McKelvey, B.1., 87 Mir, Z., 176 Nolin, M.C, 101 McKenzie, D.B., 31 Misener, G.C, 44 Noll, J.S., 131 McKenzie, J.S., 114 Mites Normandin, Ferme experimentalelExperimental McKenzie, RLH., 131 brown wheat mite, 166 Farm (Sainte-Foy), 54, 54, 55, 56 McLaughlin, N.B., 101 predators, 184 Northover, J., 75 McLeod, CD., 44 research specialization, 63, 98 Nutrition, research specialization/specialite en McLeod, D.G.R., 74 soil and water, 102 recherche, 88 McLeod, J.G., 150 Modler, H.W, 87 o McMenamin, H., 163 Molnar, J.M., 172 Oats, 90, 115, 132, 143, 144 McMillan, E.K., 24 Molnar, S.J., 114 wild, 137-138, 143 McMullan, P.M., 123 Moon, D.E., 101 -see also Cereals McMullin, RW, 163 Morand, J.B., 67 Oeufs, 89, 93 McNeil, R, 24 Morden Research Station/Station de recherches Ogilvie, LS., 64 McQueen, RE., 44 (Man.),127-130 O'Hara, J.E., 99 McRae, K.B., 39 MoresoIi, C, 58 Oignons, 138 Mears, G.1., 164 Morgan Jones, S.D., 158 Oilseeds Meat science and technology, research Morin, A, 58 processing, 159 specialization, 58, 158 Morris, G.P., 20 research specialization, 127, 141 Meats-see specific meat types Morris, R.G., 31 resistance to root rot, 68 Meheriuk, M., 175 Morrison, M.J., 115 -see also Canola; Soybeans Melfort Research Station/Station de recherches Morrisson, B.A, 24 Oleagineux (Saskatoon), 142, 145-148 Mortensen, K., 137 resistance a la phytophtoriose des racines, 69 Meloche, P., 115 Mouches specialite en recherche, 127, 141 Menthe poivree, 80 d'etable, 167 transformation, 160 Menzies, D.R, 67 parasites, 106 -voir aussi Canola; Soja Menzies, J.G., 172 Moulin, AP., 142 Olfert, 0.0., 141 Messier, R, 63 Moutardes, 144, 168 Oliver, D.R, 99 Metcalf, J.G., 76 Moutons, 50,167-168 Olthof, ThAA, 75 Michalayna, W, 100 -voir aussi RuminantslRumen Onagre,80 Index 1992 193 Onefour Substation/Sous-station (Lethbridge), Peppermint, 79 base de donnees, 106 164, 167, 169 Perrin, P.w., 11 specialite en recherche, 67, 74-75,. 99, 114, Onions, 137 Pesant, A.R., 49 175,183 Oomah, B.D., 127 Peschken, D.P., 137 PIantes ornementales Orge Pest control banque de clones, 81 ADN chloroplastique, 106 alternative methods for, 12 etudes sur Cotoneaster et Gypsophila, 42 chlorose panachee, 134 biocontrol, research specialization, 103 specialite en recherche, 64, 127 culture et rendement en grains, 55 in blueberries, 32 surveillance de la maladie des taches bronzees, formation de talles, 160 codling moth program, 177 81 fourragere, nouveau cultivar, 168 database on insect pests, 102 Platt, H.W., 34 maltage et utilisation d'herbicides, 125 effects of rusty grain beetle, 133 Plett, S., 123 methodes de travail du sol, 55 environmental chemistry and weed control, 137 Plum curcilio, 65 resistance au puceron russe de ble, 160 genetic methods, 76 Poires,179 resistance aux moisissures, 116 in grain storage, 133, 141 Pois de grande culture, 127, 129 resistance aux nematodes et rendement en horticultural trials, 65 Policy grains, 36 insecticide-resistant diamondback moths, 76 coordination, 11-12 rotations culturales, 157 integrated systems, 79 environmental and resource management, semis direct, 50 microbial degradation of pesticides, 76 11-12 specialite en recherche, 99, 123 organic methods, 76 industrial, 17-18 surveillance des maladies foliaires, 145 pheromone trapping of grain borer, 133 international, 11, 18 -voir aussi Cere ales research specialization, 74-75, 131, 137, 141 planning and analysis, 22 Ornamental Gardens (Central Experimental in tree fruits, 40, 65, 80 Politique' Farm), 116 Pest Management Research Information (PRIS), coordination de, 11, 13-14 Ornamentals 25 industrielle, 18 Cotoneaster and Gypsophila studies, 41 Pesticides internationale, 13, 19 genebank,81 biodynamics/biodynamique, 104-105, 109 planification et analyse de, 22-23 research specialization, 64, 127 re~earch specialization, 63, 87 sur I'environnement et les reSSOUIces,12-13 tomato spotted wilt virus study, 81 specialite en recherche, 63, 87 Pomar, c., 49 Orr, W.M.S., 114 -see also/voir aussi Pest control; Lutte Pomeroy, M.K., 114 Osterhout, T.D., 87 integree Pommes O'Sullivan, P.A., 150 Petit, H.Y., 50 brulure bacterienne, 69 Otis, T., 63 Petitclerc, D., 49 donnees assorties, 178 Ouellet, D., 72 Petits fruits-voir Bleuets; Fraises; Pomologie lutte contre les insectes nuisibles,.42 Ouellet, T., 114 Petrie, G.A., 141 modele informatise pour la mise en marche, 42 Ovins-voir Moutons Pettapiece, W.W.,100 porte-greffes de pommiers, 64, 178 Owen, L.C., 176 Peuplier, 129 -voir aussi Arbres fruitiers P Phillips, P.A., 90 Pommes de terre Phyllodie du trefle, 117 altise des tubercules, 185 Pachagounder,P.,132 Phytopathologie, specialite en recherche, 67, 74, amelioration genetique, 33 Padbury, G., 101 75,175,183 coeur creux, 129 Pageau, D., 54 Phytoprotection, specialite en recherche, 53 colonisation du rhizospl1ere et stimulation de la Palmer, R.G., 127 Phytotechniques, Centre de recherches, 114-119 croissance, 78 Pandeya, R., 115 Picman, A.K., 114 comme source de vitamine C et des fibres Panneton, B., 63 Pietrzak, L., 115 alimentaires, 92 Pantekoek, 1.F.C.A., 158 Piette, G., 58 congelation et etat sanitaire des champs de Papadopoulos, A.P., 67 Pigs-see Pork semence, 168 Papadopoulos, y.A., 40 Pitt, H., 20 couverture flottante en polypropylebe, 73 Paquet, A.M., 87 Pivnick, K.A., 141 lutte contre les mauvaises herbes et la pyrale du Parchomchuk, P., 175 Plan vert, 13-14 mals,37 Parent, M., 163 Plant diseases multiplication des tubercules, 50, 73 Park, S.l., 67 national database, 103 nouveaux cultivars, 46 Parker, G.E., 150 research specialization, 67, 74-75, 99,114,175, recherches sur les maladies des, 32 Parmelee, 1.A., 99 183 resistance au virus de l'enroulement, 168 Pass Lake Range/parcours (Summerland), 180 -see also individual plants and disease types specialite en recherche, 34, 44 Passey, c., 58 Plant Gene Resources of Canada, 99, 103, 105 Pommes de terre, fletrissure bacterienne et Pastures, 146-147 Plant Research Centre, 114-119 pommes de terre de semence, 185 -see also Forage; Grasses Plants and plant sciences Pommier, S.A., 49 Patents, 17 biotechnological research, 58,114 Pomology/Pomologie, research specialization/ Pathlow pasturage/pihurage (Melfort/Saskatoon), DNA analysis, 65 specialite en recherche, 63, 76,.275 147 genetics, research specialization, 114-115 -see also/voir aussi Arbres fruitiers; Tree Patni, N.K., 90 microbial relationships, 105 fruits; individual fruits; fruits illdividuelles Paton, D., 142 poisonous, national information system, 102 Poplars, 128 Patterson, G.T., 100 research specialization, 53, 58, 98-99,114-115, Porc/porcins Pattey, E., 101 183 classement des carcasses, 160 Piitures, 148 -see also Cereals; Entomology; Fungi; conception des cages de mise-bas, 94-95 -voir aussi Fourrage; Graminees Horticulture; Oilseeds; Ornamentals; expression genetique de la relaxjne, 93-94 Paul, 1.W., 172 individual plants and crops mordillement de la queue, 95 Peaches, 68, 177 PIantes nutrition et genetique, specialit<:en recherche, Pearen, 1.R., 158 analyse de I' ADN, 64 123 Pears, 177 genetiques, specialite en recherche, 114-115 prise d'eau pour porcelets apres Ie sevrage, 125 Peas, field, 127, 128 interactions plantes-micro-organismes, 109 production, specialite en recherche, 158 Peches, 69, 179 specialite en recherche, 53, 58, 98-99, qualite de la viande, 92 Pedologie-voir Sols 114-115,183 regimes alimentaires, 50 Pelletier, G., 49 veneneuses, systeme national d'information, specialite en recherche, 49, 123 Pelletier, Y., 44 106 supplements aliment aires apres Ie sevrage, 125 Penner, G.A., 131 Plantes, maladies Penney, B.G., 31 194 Index 1992 transformation de la viande a I'etat pre-rigor, whey, 61 Rioux, R., 50 60 Proudfoot, KG., 31 Robert, L., 114 viande Proulx, J.G., 50 Robert, S., 49 duree de conservation, 160 Proulx, M., 45 Robertson, J.A, 123 effets de la transformation et de la methode Publications, program/programme de, 25-26 Robichon-Hunt, L.M., 11,88 de cuisson, 125 Puceron de la pomme de terre, 135 . Robinson, J.A, 40 Pork/pigs Puceron russe du ble, 145, 160, 168 Robinson, KJ., 176 carcass grading, 159 Pucerons, guide complet, 106 Robinson, P.H., 44 farrowing crates, 91 Pulverisateur portatif, 145 Robitaille, G.A., 114 feed regimes for, 51 Punaise terne, 64 Rochette, P., 101 meat quality, 90 Rochon, D.M., 183 Q meat shelf-life, 159 Rodd, AV., 40 nutrition and genetics, research specialization, Quamme, H.A, 175 Rode, L.M., 164 123 Quick, B.N., 155 Rodrique, N., 58 postiactation feed supplements, 124 Quinton, D.A., 176 Ronald, W.P.,183 processing and cooking effects, 124 R Ronning Mains, C.M., 163 production, research specialization, 158 Rahnefeld, G.W, 123 Rosa, N., 75 relaxin gene expression in, 91 Rakow, G.EW, 141 Roses, 65 research specialization, 49, 123 Ramsay, S., 123 Ross, AG., 164 tail-biting, 91 Raney, J.P., 141 Ross, G.J., 101 water intake for weaned piglets, 124 Rashid, KY., 127 Rostad, H.P.W, 100 Portage la Prairie Substation/Sous-station Raspberry, new cultivar, 128 Rotter, B.A, 87 (Morden), 127 Raworth, D.A, 183 Rouille, 116, 134, 139 Porte-case du trefle rouge, 106 Reaney, M.J.T., 142 Rousseau, N., 24 Potato aphid, 133 Reaney, RB., 176 Roy, D., 58 Potatoes Recherches Roy, G.L., 72 bacterial ring rot screening, 184 coordination des, 13-14 Roy, P., 58 breeding research, 32 distribution des renseignements des, 26-27 Roy, RC., 75 disease research, 31 gestion des, 18, 2!J.'..21 Rudnitski, S., 24 freezing and disease status, 166 programme de publication des, 26 Ruminants/rumen hollow heart, 128 Red stele, 65 bacterial plasmids, 91 multiplication of cultivars, 73 Redhead, S.A, 99 physiologie des, specialite en recherche, 164, new cultivars, 45 Reeleder, R.D., 75 176 plastic mulch for, 73 Rees, H.W, 101 physiology, research specialization, 164, 176 rapid multiplication, 51 Refrigeration, International Congress on, 60 plasmides bacteriens du, 94 research specialization, 34, 44 Regina Research Station/Station de recherches protein protection and absorption in, 91 resistance to leafroll virus, 166 (Sask.), 137-140 proteines protegees de soja, 94 rhizosphere colonization and growth Reid, H.A., 123 protozoaires du, 94 stimulation, 77 Reid, L., 114 protozoal population in, 91 tuber flea beetle, 184 Reimer, M.P., 127 research specialization, 88 vitamin C and fiber content, 90 Relations internationales, 13, 17, 19 specialite en recherche, 88 weed and corn borer control, 35 RelaxinlRelaxine (porcine), 91, 93-94 Russell, L.E, 88 Potter, J.W, 75 Research Coordination Directorate, 11-14 Russian wheat aphid, 143-144, 159, 166 Poule/poulet-voir Yolaille Research Rust, 115, 132, 138 Poultry coordination, 11-12 Rye, 151, 173 disease resistance, 90 information sharing, 25 -see also Cereals grower and finishing diets, 40 management, 18, 20-21 S nu.trition, research specialization, 88 publication program, 25 rearing practices for layer breeders, 91-92 Sabour, M.P., 90 Research Program Service, 24-28 Sabourin, H., 31 tryptophan and wing flapping, 173 Resource conservation, 11-12 research specialization, 40 Sadasivaiah, R.S., 164 -see also Land resources; Soils; Water Safflower, 166 Poushinsky, G., 75 Ressources, conservation des, 13-14 Poysa, V.W, 67 Saindon, J.G.S., 164 -voir aussi Sols; Eaux; Terre, ressources de Sainte-C1otilde, Sous-station/substation Prange,RK,39 Rex, B.L., 127 Pree, D.J., 75 (Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu),65 Reyes, AA, 75 Saint-David-de-I'Auberiviere, Ferme Prelusky, D.H., 87 Reynolds, AG., 175 experimentalelExperimental Farm Prevost, D., 53 Reynolds, L.B., 75 (Sainte-Foy), 55, 56 Primrose, evening, 79 Reynolds, WD., 101 Prince George Experimental Farm/Ferme Sainte-Foy, Station de rechercheslResearch Rhizobium and rhyzosphere/et rhizosphere Station (Que.), 53-57 experimentale (Summerland), 179, 180, 181 assorted studies, 156 Prive, J.-P., 45 St-Gelais, D., 58 in cold soils, 55 Saint-Hyacinthe, Centre de recherche et de Procunier, J.D., 131 dans les sols frais, 54 developpement sur les alimentslFood Produits chiIniques, metabolisme des, specialite donnees assorties, 156 en recherche, 87 Research and Development Centre (Que.), genetic engineering, 116 58-62 Propriete intellectuelle, 18, 19 genie genetique, 117 Proteines Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, Station de et la lutte contre les mauvaises herbes, 168 rechercheslResearch Station (Que.), 63-66 chimie et proprietes des, specialite en research specialization/specialite en recherche, St. John's Research Station/Station de recherches recherche, 88 114 du lactoserum, 60 (Nfld.),31-33 in weed control, 166 St-Yves, A, 53 protease virale, 144 Rice, W.A., 155 Sanderson, J.B., 34 purification par I'electrodialyse, 59 Richard, c., 53 Proteins Sanfacon, H., 183 Richards, J.E., 44 Sanford,KA,39 chemistry and properties, research Richards, KW, 163 specialization, 88 Sarrasin, 127 Richer-Leclerc, c., 64 Saskatoon Research Station/Station de electrodialytic purification, 61 Ridge FarmlFerme Ridge (Harrow), 68, 69 viral protease, 143 recherches (Sask.), 141-149 Index 1992 195 Sather, A.P., 158 Smith, E.G., 164 breeding program, 114 Saucier, L., 87 Smith, E, 24 new cultivars, 115 Sauer, ED., 88 Smith, I.M., 98 pathogen attraction in, 77 Sauterelles, 144 Smith, R.E., 100 research specialization, 67, 114 Savage, D., 49 Smith, R.E, 39 Speers, L.I., 98 Savard, M.E., 114 Smith, T.M., 39 Sperme-voir Embryons-gametes, t,~chnologie Savile, D.B.O., 99 Smithfield Experimental Farm/Ferme des, Scantland, E, 24 experimentale (Vineland/London), 81 Sprayer, portable track, 143 Schaber, B.D., 164 Smut, wheat, 132 Spurr, D.T., 141 Schaefer, A.L., 158 Soils and soil management Stack Boyd, D.L., 172 Schmid, DA, 20 biochemistry, research specialization, 172 Stanfield, B., 34 . Schmid, E, 100 carbon database, 103 Staphylins predateurs, 105 Schmidt, A.C, 99 drainage studies, 31-32, 45 Stark, R., 39 Schneider, E.E, 114 dryland, research specialization, 150, 164 Starratt, A.N., 74 Schnitzer, M., 101 dykeland,41 Statistical support program, 25-26 Schwartz, M., 99 effects of short crop rotations, 151-152 Statistique, appui, 27 Sciences aliment aires federal policy, 11-12 Stavely Substation/Sous-station (Lethbridge), appui statistique, 27 instrumentation of runoff and drainage, 68 164, 167, 169 biotechnologie, 58 lentils and nitrogen fixation, 151 Steele, R.W., 74 conservation des aliments, 59 measurement of aggregate crushing energy, 146 Stele rouge du fraisier, 64 essais assortis, 129 phosphorus content, 159 Steppuhn, H., 150 etudes sur la transformation et l'entreposage process and properties, 104-105 Stevens, VI., 87 des aliments, 42 radar backscatter measurement, 166 Stevenson, A.B., 75 installations pour recherches industrielles, 59 research specialization, 44, 53, 100, 150 Stevenson, H.M., 31 programme francophonie, 59 sodium content, 152 Stevia, 79, 80 programmes de recherche sur les, 14 soil science specialization, 68 Stewart, D.W, 101 publications sur les, 26 statistical support for research, 25 Stewart, J.G., 34 salubrite des aliments pour humains et sulfur fertilizer and herbicide applications, 165 Stinkweed, 138 animaux,87 sustainable productivity research, 100-101, 104 Stobbs, L.W, 75 specialite en recherche, 175 -see also Land resources; Tillage Stonehouse, H.B., 100 specialite en recherche, 39, 58-59, 87-88 Soja Stout, D.G., 176 transfert de technologie, 17, 18-19, 58 attirance par les pathogenes, 78 Strawberries des legumes, specialite en recherche, 58 nouvelles lignees de, 117 glyphosate residues, 137 -voir aussi Centre de recherches alimentaires programme d'amelioration pour Ie, 114 mild yellow edge virus, 184 et zootechniques; Genie agricole proteines protegees dans Ie tourteau, 94 plastic mulch for, 45 Sclerotina, 166 resistance 11 la phytophtoriose des racines, 69 resistance to red stele, 65 Scott Experimental Farm/Ferme experimentale specialite en recherche, 67,114 variation in, 102 (Saskatoon), 142-143, 144, 145 Sols et gestion du sol Stringam, G.R., 155 Scott, T.A., 172 appui statistique pour la recherche, 27 Struble, D.L., 183 Seabrook, J.E.A., 44 aridoculture, specialite en recherche, 150, 164 Structures agricoles, 89, 95 Seaman, WL., 114 base de donnees sur Ie carbone, 107 -voir aussi Genie agricole Seed Genebank,99, 103, 105 biochimie, specialite en recherche, 172 Study Data Base, 25 Seguin-Swartz, G., 141 centre de recherches, 100 Stumborg, M.A., 150 Seifert, K.A., 99 contenu de sodium, 153 Sudom, M.D., 31 Seigle, 152, 173 de polder, 42 Summerland Research Station/Station de -voir aussi Cereales drainage des, 32 recherches (B.C.), 175-182 Selby, C.J., 101 effets des rotations culturales courtes, 153 Sunflowers, 128, 127 Selles, E, 150 engrais soufres et applications d'herbicides, 167 Surprenant, J., 53 Semen-see Gamete/embryo technology essais en drainage, 46 Sustainable agriculture, research specialization, Services aux programmes de recherches, 24-28 instruments pour mesurer Ie ruissellement et Ie 100--101,104 Severn, A., 20 drainage, 69 Swift Current Research Station/Station de Sharkey, M.J., 99 lentilles et concentration d'azote, 152 recherches (Sask.), 150-154 Sheep, 51, 166 mesure de I'energie de desagregation des Swine-see Pork -see also Ruminants/rumen agregats, 148 Switzer-Howse, K.D., 98 Sherman, S., 98 mesure de la reflexion radar, 168 Systeme canadien d'information sur les piantes Shewell, G.E., 100 processus et proprietes, 108 veneneuses, 106 Shields, J., 100 qualite des, politique federale, 13 Systeme canadien d'information sur les sols, 107 Shipp, J.L., 67 specialite en recherche, 44, 53, 100, 150 Szabo, T.I., 155 Shoemaker, R.A., 100 recherches en pratiques culturales et Szeto, S.Y.S., 183 Sholberg, p.L., 175 conservation, 100-101, 107-108 T Shrestha, J.N.B., 90 teneur en phosphore, 160 Tabac, 34,80 Siddiqui, 1.R., 88 -voir aussi Terres, ressources en Tabouret des champs, 139 Silage-see Forage travail Tai, G.CC, 44 Simard, R., 53 ensemencement sans travail de sol, Tajek, J., 100 Simmonds, D., 114 152-153 Taky, J., 98 Simmonds, J.A., 114 instruments et methodes, 36-37 Tan, CS., 68 Simons, R.G., 123 et qualite des eaux ruissellees, 77 Tansy/Tanasie, 102, 106 Singh, J., 114 et resistance des sols 11 la penetration des Singh, R.p., 44 semis, 126 Tariere portative 11 vapeur, 178 Tarn, T.R., 44 Singh, S., 101 et stabilite structurale du sol, 54 Tarnava, M.M., 163 Sinha, R.C, 114, 115 Sonntag, RH., 163 Tarnished plant bug, 65 Sinha, R.N., 132 Soon, Y.K., 155 Tarnocai, C, 100 Small, E., 99 Soroka, J.J., 142 Taylor, J.S., 158 Smetana, A., 98 Soybeans Taylor, WG., 164 Smirle, M.J., 175 resistance to root rot, 68 Teather, R.M., 88 Smith, CAS., 100 protected protein in meal, 91 196 Index 1992 ._- Technologie, gestion de la, 19 Turnock, WJ., 132 Walker, B.D., 100 Technologie, transfert de, 17, 18-19 U Wall, D.A., 127 programme de publication, 26 Wall, G.J., 101 Ukrainetz, H., 141 en sciences alimentaires, 59 Wallace, I., 63 Underwood, R.E., 141 de transformation de I'avoine, 145 Wang, e., 100 Upton Farm Substation/Ferme Sous-station Technology, management, 18 Ward, E.WB., 74 Technology transfer, 17-18 (Charlottetown), 36, 37 Warkentin, T., 127 Utkhede, R.S., 175, 176 in food sciences, 60 Warner, J., 76 oat processing, 144 V Warwick, S.I., 99 publications program, 25 Valentine, K.WG., 101 Wasps, 102 Teich, AH., 67 van Ryswyk,AL., 176 Water Tekauz, A, 131 van Vliet, L.J.P., 101 agrochemical movement into, 166 Terres, ressources en Van Calsteren, M.-R., 58 assorted studies, 165 cartographie et bases de donnees, 107 Van Die, P., 17 federal policy, 11-12 services nationaux, 100, 107-108 Van Lunen, T.A, 40 Great Lakes studies, 76, 104 ressources en-voir aussi Sols Vancouver Research Station/Station de scrubber measurement, 65 Tetranyques, 168, 184 recherches, 183-186 Watson, P., 175 Thatcher, T., 74 Vardanis, A, 74 Watson, R.J., 114 Theilmann, D.A, 183 Vascular Plant Herbarium, 105 Wauthy, J.-M., 54 Therrien, M.e., 123 Vauxhall Substation/Sous-station (Lethbridge), Weaver, G.M., 11 Thistlewood, H.M.A, 75 164, 167, 169 Weaver, S.E., 68 Thomas, AG., 142 Veaux, resistance aux maladies, 93 Webb, K., 100 Thomas, J.B., 164 Vegetables Webster, D.H., 39 Thomas, P.L., 131 breeding research, 32 Weed science Thompson, B.K., 25 cabbage looper in broccoli, 45 biological control, research specialization, 137, Thunder Bay, Ferme experimentale/Experimental .furocoumarins in, 80-81 163 Farm (Kapuskasing), 72, 73 greenhouse, 68 national meeting on, 12 Ticks, 102 research specialization, 172 research specialization, 53, 68 research specialization, 63, 98 imazethapyr weed control, 40 Weed control Tillage new tomato cross, 68 rhizobial, 166 implements and methods for, 35 physiology, research specialization, 172 in forage, 146 penetration resistance of soils, 124 plastic row tunnels and, 40 of yellow nutsedge, 65 and runoff water quality, 76 production research, 31-32 rye residue and, 173 and soil stability, 55 for processing, 65 -see also Herbicides zero, 152 processing of-see Food sciences Weisz, J.N., 88 Timbers, G.E., 11 storage and freshness tests, 173 Welacky, T.W, 67 Timothy-see Forage viral disease studies, 184 Westcott, N.D., 141 Tiques,105 -see also Potatoes Wheat specialite en recherche, 63, 98 Vegreville Experimental Farm/Ferme amber durum, 151 Tobacco, 34, 79 experimentale (Lacombe), 158, 159, 160 assorted resistance studies, 166 Topinambour, 94 Veira, D.M., 88 cassette seeder, 151 Toivonen, P.M., 172 Veldhuis, H., 100 common bunt resistance, 151 Tolman, J.H., 74 Ver gris, 168 crop rotation management, 145 Tomatoesffomates, 68, 69, 77-81 Verma, P.R., 141 diseases in, 132-133 Tomlin, AD., 74 Vernon, R.S., 183 durum, 133, 151 Tong, AK.W, 158 Vezina, L.-P., 53 fusarium resistance, 35, 115 Topp, E., 101 Viandes-voir Bovins de boucherie; Porc germ content in flour, 115 Topp, G.e., 101 Vigier, B., 63 glutenin and gliadin studies, 132-133 Tordeuse a bandes obliques, 64 Vigneault, e., 63 leaf disease monitoring, 143 Toupin, e., 58 Vincent, e., 63 oil treatment in storage, 133 Tourigny, G., 64 Vineland Research Station/Station de recherches probes for rust-resistance genes, 115 Tournesol, 127, 129, 168 (London), 74, 8D-81 research specialization, 99, 131, 150, 163 Tower, G.A, 150 Vinet, e.M., 49 seeding systems, 146, 151 Townley-Smith, L., 142 Violette, D., 20 soft white winter cultivar, 68 Townley-Smith, T.E, 131 VirologyNirologie, research sowing dates and rates, 115 Toxicologyffoxicologie, research specialization/specialite en recherche, 44, 183 transfer of disease-resistent genes, 56 specialization/specialite en recherche, 87-88 Vitamin(e) C, in potatoes/chez Ies pommes de wild oat competition, 143 Tralkoxydin, 159 terre, 90, 92 -see also Cereals Traquair, J.A, 67 Vitamin( e) E, cattle metabolism/metabolisme des Wheatcroft, R.G.L., 114 Tree fruit, 40-41, 68,176-177 bovins,94 Whelan Experimental Farm/Ferme experimentale national meeting on, 12 Viticulture, research specializatoin/specialite en (Harrow), 68, 69 pest control in, 80 recherche, 175,175 Whistlecraft, J., 74 research specialization, 34, 63, 175 Vockeroth, J.R., 100 White, N.D. G., 131 -see also individual fruit types; Pomology Volailles White, R.P., 34 Trefle,36 pratiques d'elevage, 95 Wiersma, P., 175 Tremblay, G., 54 regimes de croissance et d'engraissement, 41 Wild, J., 175 Tremblay, N., 63 nutrition des, specialite en recherche, 88 Wilder, WD., 39 Trenholm, H.L., 87 resistance aux maladies, 93 Willemot, e., 59 Trimble, R.M., 75 specialite en recherche, 40 Willis, e.B., 34 Trottier, R., 11 tryptophane et les battements d'ailes, 173 Willms, WD., 164 Truie-voir Porc/porcins Voldeng, H.D., 114 Wilson, WG., 24 Tsang, e.P.W, 90 Volkmar, K.M., 164 Wilton, K.E., 150 Tu, e.M., 74 Vrain, T.C., 183 Winkleman, G.E., 150 Tu, J.e., 67 W Winnipeg Research Station/Station de recherches Tuber flea beetle, 184 (Man.),131-136 Turnbull, S.A, 74 Waddington, J., 150 Wise, I., 132 Index 1992 197 Wise, R.E, 142 Wolf, T.M., 137 Wolfe, R.I., 155 Wolynetz, M.S., 24 Wood, D.M., 100 Wood, P.J., 88 Woodrow, E.E, 100 Woodrow, L., 68 Woods, D.L., 155 Woods, S.M., 131 Wrigglesworth, A, 22 Wright, AT., 142 Wright, S.B.M., 142 X,Y,Z Yanke, L.1., 164 Yanosik, S.P., 137 Yassa, E, 17 Yee, J., 75 Yiu, S.H., 88 Yoshimoto, e.M., 100 Young, J.e., 114 Young, R.M., 141 Yu, D.S.K., 164 Zariffa, N.M., 67 Zarkadas, e., 115 Zarkadas, e., 58 Zawalsky, M., 100 Zebarth, B.1., 172 Zentner, R.P., 150 Zilkey, B.E, 75 Zimmer, R.e., 127 Zizka, J., 53 198 Index 1992 UNIVERSITY OF P.E.I. . 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