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Trikupis Insurrección V. 1.Pdf (2.453Mb) 7 FUENTES Y DOCUMENTOS 7 Spyridon Trikupis HISTORIA DE LA INSURRECCIÓN GRIEGA SEGUNDA EDICIÓN REVISADA Y CORREGIDA I. DE LA FILIKÍ HETERÍA A LA LLEGADA DE DIMITRIOS HYPSILANDIS Traducción de M. Acosta Esteban 7 FUENTES Y DOCUMENTOS 7 Spyridon Trikupis HISTORIA DE LA INSURRECCIÓN GRIEGA SEGUNDA EDICIÓN REVISADA Y CORREGIDA I. DE LA FILIKÍ HETERÍA A LA LLEGADA DE DIMITRIOS HYPSILANDIS Traducción de M. Acosta Esteban Centrο de Estudios Bizantinos, Neogriegos y Chipriotas Serie de Fuentes y Documentos Director de Serie: Encarnación Motos Guirao Comité Científico: Moschos Morfakidis Filactós, Mª José Osorio Pérez, Matilde Casas Olea, José Soto Chica DATOS DE PUBLICACIÓN Spyridon Trikupis.: Historia de la Insurrección Griega. pp.: 280 1. Historia de Grecia moderna. 2. Fuentes de la historia de Grecia moderna. © Centro de Estudios Bizantinos, Neogriegos y Chipriotas C/ Gran Vía, 9 - 2º, 18001 Granada - España. Telf./fax: +34 958 22 08 74 © Manuel Acosta Esteban Maquetación: Jorge Lemus Pérez Diseño de portada: Konstantinos Milonas Ilustración de la portada inspirada en la obra de Dionisos Tsokos «El juramento» (1849) Museo Histórico Nacional, Atenas Granada 2014 ISBN de la obra completa: 978-84-95905-47-5 ISBN del tomo I: 978-84-95905-49-9 Depósito Legal: GR 2092-2014 Reservados todos los derechos. Queda prohibida la reproducción total o parcial de la presente obra sin la preceptiva autorización. A mis colegas de Filología Clásica que sintieron que Grecia no acaba en Demóstenes o Teodosio, sino abarca desde Foroneo hasta Alexis Tsipras, desde Pandora hasta la ex-reina Sofía. …καταγόμενοι δὲ καὶ ἐκ μεγάλων προπατόρων, ὧν τὰ συγγράμματα καὶ τὰ ἔργα οὐδέποτε τοῖς ἦσαν ὁλοτελῶς ἄγνωστα, δὲν ἦτο δυνατὸν νὰ φανῶσι διόλου ἀνάξιοι τῆς λαμπρᾶς καταγωγῆς των. ‘...y, remontándose a grandes ancestros cuyos escritos y logros nunca les fueron completamente desconocidos, no podían mostrarse indignos del todo de su brillante origen.’ S. Trikupis, en el proemio de su Historia de la insurrección griega. ÍNDICE PRÓLOGO Sobre las historias contemporáneas y la recolección del material a cargo del historia- dor.- Sobre las malas acciones que cometieron griegos y turcos durante la guerra.- So- bre la lengua de nuestros días.-.........................................................................................15 PROEMIO Causas de la insurrección griega.-....................................................................................23 CAPÍTULO I La Sociedad de los Amigos y su propagación.- La rebelión de Ali Pasha Tepelenlís.-.........27 CAPÍTULO II Aléxandros Hypsilandis es puesto al frente de la Sociedad de Amigos.- Sus actividades y preparativos para la insurrección de Grecia.-...............................................................37 1821 - CAPÍTULO III Secesión de Tudor Vladimirescu.- Marcha de Hypsilandis a Moldavia-Valaquia y he- chos en el principado hasta comienzos de abril.-.............................................................47 1821 - CAPÍTULO IV Panorámica de la situación en el Peloponeso en vísperas de la insurrección.-..................57 1821 - CAPÍTULO V Insurrección del Peloponeso.-...........................................................................................67 1821 - CAPÍTULO VI Sucesos trágicos en Constantinopla y otros puntos del Imperio Otomano.-....................79 1821 - CAPÍTULO VII Política exterior con respecto a Grecia y actitud de Rusia para con Hypsilandis.-.............95 1821 - CAPÍTULO VIII Las dilaciones de Hypsilandis en Colentina.- Huida del príncipe Sutsos.- Pendedekas.- Traslado de Hypsilandis a Târgoviste.- Sucesos en Moldavia.- Batalla de Galati.-............99 1821 - CAPÍTULO IX Entrada de fuerzas turcas en Bucarest.- Maquinación de Savas.- Ejecución de Vladi- mirescu por traidor.- Batallas de Notseto y Dragasani.- Huida de Hypsilandis.- Los je- fes que quedaron.- Los sucesos de Moldavia.- Muerte de Yorgakis Olymbios.- Examen de la figura de Hypsilandis.-...........................................................................................107 1821 - CAPÍTULO X Situación de las islas de Hydra, Spetses y Psará.- Razones de su prosperidad.- Defec- ción de éstas y de las islas del mar Egeo.- Salida de la flota griega.-............................127 1821 - CAPÍTULO XI Situación de Grecia continental.-....................................................................................143 1821 - CAPÍTULO XII Rebelión de Fócide y Eubea.- Expedición a Patratsiki.- Rebelión del Ática.- Descripción y rebelión de Tesalomagnesia y Eubea.- Rebelión de Macedonia y Creta.-...........................147 1821 - CAPÍTULO XIII Dispersión de los griegos de Karýtena.- Enfrentamiento entre turcos y griegos en las afueras de Tripolitsá.- El kiaya del gobernador del Peloponeso desembarca en Patras y llega felizmente a Tripolitsá.- Batallas de Valtetsi y Dolianá.-....................................171 1821 - CAPÍTULO XIV Batallas de las Termópilas y Graviá.-.............................................................................185 1821 - CAPÍTULO XV Caída de Andonis Ikonomos.- Periplo de una flotilla griega al Helesponto y de otra al golfo de Corinto.- Quema de un navío turco en Erisós.- Catástrofe de Kydonies.-......................191 1821 - CAPÍTULO XVI Tribulaciones de los cristianos de Esmirna, Chipre y Cos.-............................................201 1821 - CAPÍTULO XVII Insurrección de Etolia-Acarnania.- Irrupción de los griegos en Vrachori; toma de Vrachori, Teké, Playá y Zapandi.- Batallas de Makrynoros y Peta.- Descalabro de Ka- larytes y Syrako.- Karpenisi y Aspropótamon.- Fracaso de la expedición para liberar Parga.-.............................................................................................................................209 1821 - CAPÍTULO XVIII Los laliotas.- Desembarcos de heptanesios en Gastuni.- Batallas.- Traslado de laliotas a Patras.- Política del gobierno anglojónico con respecto a Grecia.-...........................223 1821 - CAPÍTULO XIX El congreso de Kaltetsiés y la formación de una gerusía peloponesia.- Llegada a Gre- cia de Dimitris Hypsilandis y disensiones entre él y la gerusía.-...................................237 Notas al final....................................................................................................................245 SPYRIDON TRIKUPIS HISTORIA DE LA INSURRECCIÓN GRIEGA SEGUNDA EDICIÓN REVISADA Y CORREGIDA TOMO I “Se debe considerar como la mejor educación para la vida verdadera la experiencia recibida de la historia, pues ésta es la única que, sin perjuicio y en toda ocasión y circunstancia, establece criterios sobre lo mejor.” De las Historias de Polibio. LONDRES 1860 EL HISTORIADOR DEDICA ESTA HISTORIA A LA NACIÓN GRIEGA Tras la primera edición de la Historia de la Insurrección Griega, se han dado a la imprenta y he conocido en privado críticas y memorias sobre la materia tratada y sobre ciertos pasajes que se consideran insuficientes o equivocados. Estimando en mucho la exposición más exacta y completa de los hechos, en esta segunda edición he admitido con gusto de entre lo que se ha escrito lo que he hallado correcto y digno de una historia general, tanto más cuanto principalmente con este objeto publiqué mi obra viviendo aún la generación de los que intervinieron en la guerra; por eso he procurado mejorar ciertas cosas con las aportaciones de nuevos estudios e investigaciones.1 Habiendo emprendido mi obra cuidadosa y conscientemente desde el principio, he considerado inapropiado en la exposición de los hechos ocultar o transformar lo que no estuvo bien, a favor de un patriotismo mal entendido. Una Historia no verdadera ni imparcial es indigna de una nación cuya lucha, tan famosa y única y con tantos sufrimientos de todo tipo, engrandece a la humanidad, glorifica nuestra época y anuncia el inevitable cumplimiento de una gran obra aún incompleta. Si es deber del historiador de cualquier nacionalidad decir la verdad en todo momento, tanto más lo es que la diga el griego que escribe la historia de la insurrección griega en los tiempos actuales por encima de cualquier otro de todo tiempo y lugar, y que muestre a través de los mismos hechos a sus iguales en nacionalidad y religión, que aspiran manifiestamente a la libertad, lo que hay que hacer y defender y lo que hay que evitar y censurar, “para que si de nuevo ocurren hechos semejantes, puedan hacer buen uso de lo que tienen ante sí recurriendo a lo ya escrito antes.”2 S. TRIKUPIS. Londres, 1860. 1 He trasladado al final de la obra, como lugar más apropiado, el resumen sobre el carácter de la insurrección griega, que figuraba al principio en la primera edición, así como, del capítulo VII, el análisis general sobre la política de las grandes Potencias con respecto a la causa griega. 2 Paráfrasis a Tucídides II 48, 3. (Nota del traductor) 14 PRÓLOGO SOBRE LAS HISTORIAS CONTEMPORÁNEAS Y LA RECOLECCIÓN DEL MATERIAL A CARGO DEL HISTORIADOR.- SOBRE LAS MALAS ACCIONES QUE COMETIERON GRIEGOS Y TURCOS DURANTE LA GUERRA.- SOBRE LA LENGUA DE NUESTROS DÍAS.- A menudo he leído y escuchado que es en extremo difícil, cuando no imposible, la tarea de quien se propone escribir desapasionadamente la his- toria de sus contemporáneos, máxime si se dio la circunstancia de que, por la posición que obtuvo entre ellos, formó con o frente a ellos. Esta razón no me parece suficiente para rechazar mi obra. He observado que Tucídides, por no referirme a otros, escribió no sólo la historia de su tiempo, sino que incluyó en ella a los hombres junto a los que militó en las batallas
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