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Geografía Comercial

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Geografía Comercial ^BVIST4 DE GEOGRAFÍA COMERCIAL AÑO II. MADEID, JÜLIO-SETIEMBEE DE 1886. NÚM. 25 á 30. EXPEDICIÓN AL SAHARA. De Río de Oro á lyil. edición arábiga del Sr. Codera, y varios de la Geo­ grafía de España, de El Edrisí, edición arábiga y Nuestra expedición al Sahara fué proyectada y española del Sr. Saavedra; algunos Coranes; revol- organizada por la SOCIEDAD ESPAÑOLA DE GEOGRA­ vers y carabinas Winchester, que han causado el FÍA coMBHCiAi-, y ha sido llevada á cabo con parte asombro de los aguerridos moradores del Desierto de los fondos que las Cortes habían consignado y han salvado en más de una ocasión nuestras vidas; en el Presupuesto de la Nación, el año pasado, botiquín, tienda de campaña, etc. con destino á exploraciones geográficas. Asócianse Se nos presentaba como obstáculo insuperable la á ella, por tanto, tres nombres, que deben figurar estación, y éralo, con efecto, grande; pero lo hemos en cabeza de esta reseña: el presidente de la SOCIE­ vencido, y conociendo el Sahara occidental en la DAD, D. Francisco Coello; el director de Expedi­ época peor del año, podemos apreciar los recursos ciones de la misma, D. Joaqnln Costa; y el ministro del Desierto sin temor á exageración: otro viaje en de Estado, D. Segismundo Moret. Obra suya es la época del invierno, después de las lluvias, sumi­ nuestro viaje: nosotros hemos sido meros ejecutores nistrará los datos necesarios para completar ese de sus instrucciones. conocimiento. Los rigores del clima y la barbarie y El material científico de que disponíamos para fanatismo de los naturales han sido nada en compa­ recoger observaciones, era el siguiente: ración de otra dificultad con que hemos tenido que Un teodolito, que prestó á la Sociedad el «Insti­ luchar, nacida ó inspirada fuera del Desierto; pero tuto Geográfico,» para los trabajos de precisión en esta merece capítulo aparte y ha de aguardar menos Eío de Oro. solemne ocasión: no quiero amargar esta lectura Dos brújulas con limbo graduado, para tomar con relatos de sucesos que parecerán increíbles á los rumbos en el interior. buenos patriotas españoles cuando se sepan. Dos buenos cronómetros y un sextante, propor­ cionados por el Observatorio astronómico de San • * Fernando. Dos barómetros aneroides, mny sensibles. Un anteojo-estadia. El día 14 de Mayo, á las diez y media de la ma­ Podómetros kilométricos. ñana, fondeó enfrente de Villa Cisneros el vapor Termómetros ordinarios, y de máxima y mínima. que nos había tomado en la Gran Canaria dos días Gemelos de campaña. antes. Inmediatamente nos pusimos á estudiar la Alcohol, cajas, microscopios, martillos, etc., para península conocida con el nombre de Río de Oro. colecciones. Desde que la SOCIEDAD DE GEOGBAFÍA OOHEB- Llevábamos también multitud de géneros de bisu­ oiAL, en 1884, tomó posesión á nombre de España, tería, además de telas, pañuelos, tabaco, té, azúcar, de la costa de África comprendida entre cabo Boja- dulces, etc., para utilizarlos como regalos á los jefes dor y cabo Blanco, mny pocos estudios se han hecho y como muestras de comercio; fotografías y cromos; para conocer la geografía de aquellos territorios. un ejemplar de las «Bio^afías» de Abea-Paxcual, Antea de nuestra llegada & Río de Oro, era des- EEVISTA DE GEOGRAFÍA COMERCIAL. conocido hasta el nombre de esta península, donde nadie se le ocurrió explorar aquellos lugares en la Compañía mercantil Hispano-Africana tiene es­ busca del codiciado manantial. Más aún: en tierra tablecida la factoría de Villa-Cisneros. firme*hay un pozo que los árabes llaman Huisi Río de Oro, pomposo nombre portugués, no es el Aisa (pocito de Jesús) y conocido de antiguo por que corresponde á aquel territorio español, en donde los pescadores canarios que se abastecían en él de ni hay río ni oro: ocupado desde tiempo inmemorial un agua, algún tanto salobre, pero aceptable en por un pueblo árabe, árabe debía ser su nombre. Y acuellas zonas. Se intentó limpiarlo y mejorar sus fué lo primero que se nos ocurrió al saltar á tierra: condiciones, con tan poco conocimiento de la cosa, preguntar como se llamaba el terreno que pisába­ que sin tener en cuenta su profundidad y su inme­ mos:— Ed-Dajla, nos dijo un moro, y en efecto: diación al mar, se excavó el fondo, y las aguas sala­ Ed-Dajla (la Entrante), es el nombre con que distin­ das del Océano vinieron á mezclarse con las de llu­ guen todos los pobladores del interior y de la costa via filtrada, quedando el pozo inservible. á la península de Río de Oro. Peligroso era alejarse del edificio donde se halla El Arcípres (sic) he visto escrito en un mapa de instalado el destacamento militar, por cuyas inmedia­ ciones merodean siempre grupos de indígenas de la • temible tribu de Uled-Delim; pero mientras se pre­ sentaba ocasión de enviar emisarios al interior con cartas para los jefes más importantes y se adquirían guías, caballos y camellos, nos dedicamos á efectuar Mí pequeñas excursiones á pié, que nunca duraban más jM de tres días, consiguiendo levantar un plano de la '^f península, recoger colecciones de la fauna y flora y estudiar la constitución geológica del terreno. Este estudio rectifica en puntos esenciales las nociones reinantes sobre la forma de la península y sobre la C3 naturaleza geológica de aquella parte de la costa. *" En uno de estos paseos y cuando nos dirigíamos f / r-^Er-Ileqman el doctor Quiroga, los dos árabes y yo con un guía } * \ del país á reconocer la isla Heme y lo que se supo­ nía istmo de la península, fuimos asaltados por va­ HasiTauartit}. ¡^ 1 rios árabes que venían en nuestra busca, armados 1 ^( BAHIA ^ con fusiles de chispa de dos cañones. ) ^' ) /f Los Winchester contribuyeron á disuadirles de i 7 su propósito y celebramos con su jefe Horumet- Allah un convenio de amistad que cumplió, merced á varios regalos, acompañándonos más tarde al in­ (f JTtarfMedhi ^^' « terior del Desierto, Conseguimos entablar relaciones con dos perso­ najes de la numerosa tribu de TJIed-Bu-Sbá (Hijos K 1 de El del León), una de las más temidas y respeta­ Ttart Eryaeiba ) 1 Q, das en el Desierto. s t •> e í Era uno de ellos el Xerif Sidi-el-Bexir, comer­ ciante rico, considerado entre los suyos por su saber aquella región, en donde un árabe del Sabara escri­ y encargado de dirigir las prácticas religiosas en su biría: Ttarf VEserah (punta Azul). aduar. El otro, xerif Abd-el-üedud, era guerrero, Pero no es esto solo, sino que se llamaba penín­ gran cazador, bravo, de mirada torva, sin instruc­ sula á lo que no es la península; istmo á lo que no ción y fiel acompañante del anterior, cuyos intere­ es el istmo; isla Heme á lo que no es isla; las dimen­ ses defendía armado con su fusil de dos cañones. siones de lo que se suponía la península, se exage­ Los dos xerifes nos suministraron muchos datos raban, dando 37 km. á nna longitud de 28, y supo­ acerca de su país y se comprometieron á llevar una niendo que la anchura de Ed-Qajla es de 6 km., carta al jefe ó sultán del Adrar, Ahmed-ben-Mahám- siendo así que no mide más de 3 X- med-Uld-el-Aidda, el más respetado y temido en todo El agua, elemento indispensable para la vida, se el Sahara occidental, y sin cuyo consentimiento nos trasporta á Villa-Cisneros desde Canarias; y exis­ aconsejaron que no intentásemos marchar hacia el tiendo la duda de si había un rio ó corriente en la interior. costa firme de enfrenta ó en el fondo de la bahía, á Quedaron encargados también de traemos caba- REVISTA DE GEOGRAFÍA COMERCIAL. 3 líos para nosotros y dromedarios para conducción tunecino y tiene embaucados á los comerciantes es­ de víveres, tiendas, regalos, etc. pañoles establecidos en la factoría de Villa-Cisne- No se hicieron esperar. ros, á quienes explota y engaña. Es un fugado de üld-el-Aidda contestó á nuestra carta en térmi­ presicfio de la colonia francesa de la Argelia, y lle­ nos satisfactorios y nos envió á dos emisarios de su vaba la misión de indisponernos con las tribus del tribu: el Xerif Yeddu-uld-sidi-Yahya, joven de figura interior; y en parte logró su objeto, creándonos arrogante y una de las pocas personas decentes que enemistades y propalando falsas y alarmantes noti­ hemos encontrado en el Desierto, y el xerif Abddi- cias, hasta el punto de conseguir que algunos jefes ben-Termln, favorito del jefe del Adrar. árabes escribiesen á Uld-el-Aidda, aconsejándole El xerif el Bexir y Abd-el-Uedud nos traían 9 que nos asesinase, y escribiendo él mismo á Uld-el- dromedarios para conducción del material. Aidda una carta en árabe por encargo de un titu­ Acompañaba al primero su discípulo Ahmed- lado príncipe (emir) de Ed-Dajla, cuya carta fué Selam, de 14 años de edad, cuya educación le había causa de que intentasen asesinarnos una vez más. El confiado un personaje de su duar, padre del joven. sultán, llevado de sus simpatías hacia nosotros, y En tres días se preparó todo y salimos de Ed- despreciando el poder del emir, nos entregó la carta, Dajla. La caravana se componía de 14 dromedarios. que obra en mi poder y lleva un timbre... en español. Los expedicionarios éramos: Recorriólos la zona del Guerguer sin encontrar Tres europeos. el río que, con el nombre de Uad-Meguetha-Mer- Dos moros de la compañía de Tiradores del Rif. zug, figura en los mapas, y que no existe en aque­ Tres árabes de üled-Bu-8bá. lla región.
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