Tampico Region Mexico

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Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/3840618/9781629812533_frontmatter.pdf by guest on 24 September 2021 PUBLISHED WITH THE REVOLVING PUB- LICATION FUND WHICH WAS ESTABLISHED BY THE NEW YORK COMMITTEE FOR THE NOVEMBER, 1926, MID-YEAR MEETING OF THE ASSOCIATION

JOHN M. MUIR Member, The American Association of Petroleum Geologists, The Institution of Petroleum Technologists

PUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF PETROLEUM GEOLOGISTS TULSA, OKLAHOMA, U.S.A.

LONDON: THOMAS MURBY & CO., 1, FLEET LANE, E.C. 4 1936

Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/3840618/9781629812533_frontmatter.pdf by guest on 24 September 2021 COPYRIGET, 1936. BY THEAMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF PETROLEUM-GEOLOGISTS All Rights- Reserved Published, August, 1936

COMPOSED AND PRINTED BY GEORGE BANTA PUBLISEING COMPANY MENASEA WISCONSIN ,U.S.A.

Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/3840618/9781629812533_frontmatter.pdf by guest on 24 September 2021 INTRODUCTION The present volume is the first serious attempt to assemble under one cover the existing knowledge of the geology of the Tampico region in Mexico. The author, Mr. John M. Muir, is well fitted for this difficult undertaking because of his long familiarity with the area and his wide acquaintance among the persons interested in the geology and oil re- sources of that region. He went about the task with a full comprehension of its size and importance, and has patiently, persistently, and consci- entiously carried it to completion. By personal interviews and by correspondence he has brought together a vast amount of data, both published and unpublished, and in addition has repeatedly gone to the field for first-hand information, particularly where doubts or uncertainties existed as to the correct interpretation of the reported conditions. This information, made readily accessible in one volume, will be of inestimable value to all future workers in eastern Mexico. The author has offered what appear to be reasonable solutions of many perplexing problems in Mexican geology; it is hardly to be expected, how- ever, that all his conclusions will go unchallenged. He has called atten- tion to other problems and has indicated the difficulties attendant upon their solution. He has been eminently fair in presenting the views of others, and in indicating their contributions to the knowledge of the area. He has overlooked no opportunity to bring the volume up to date even to the extent of making additions after the manuscript had been sent to press. The work is not merely a compilation; it is also an interpretation. Mr. Muir is deserving of high commendation for the successful completion of this long needed work; it has been in a very real sense a labor of love, for the undertaking has been carried on at great personal sacrifice. His chief remuneration will be the satisfaction of having presented the geologic fraternity with a volume that will mean the saving of countless hours of research to future workers in the Tampico region.

Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/3840618/9781629812533_frontmatter.pdf by guest on 24 September 2021 Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/3840618/9781629812533_frontmatter.pdf by guest on 24 September 2021 PREFACE Strictly speaking this work deals with the central part of the Tampico Embaymentl area. The geology of the extreme northern end of the embayment and the southernmost extension is not presented. Apart from discussion of general stratigraphical and structural features, a synoptical description of the two main oil fields, the Northern and Southern fields, is given. Development in the new Poza Rica field, in the Furbero field, and in several other minor pools is not included. The inception of the work dates from 1928. Intermittently, this study was carried on until the early part of 1934. At the annual meeting of The American Association of Petroleum Geologists, held in Dallas in March, 1934, it was decided by the executive committee of the Association to publish the results in a special volume. No descriptive matter concerning the maps or sections had been written at that time. The original intent was to describe the oil fields rather fully and give only a rCsum6 of the stratigraphy. The final outcome represents, perhaps, the converse of the original plan. In a few cases the writer has not felt at liberty to introduce evidence pertaining to some stratigraphical questions. Some data relating to structural features, as well as some pertinent data relating to oil production and recovery, have been purposely omitted from the text. Although pertinent dataof other authors arefreely quoted, thisvolume is not a compilation. Original unpublished material of other workers is included, it being beyond the writer's power to be fully familiar with all the facts desirable of treatment. This does not mean that some of the data presented are not bound up with the writer's own observations. Almost without exception, the only systematic data available on the Jurassic system are those published by C. Burckhardt. Some material having a bearing on development in the Tampico Embayment has been abstracted from the "Etude synthCtiqueJ7of that author. At the risk of being tedious, the original references regarding stratigraphic nomencla- ture have been quoted. It was thought advantageous to have such data included in the work and thus save the reader the necessity of searching for references which may not be available. The metric system is used throughout, where maps and horizontal distances are concerned, as it is the official standard in Mexico. Maps The term Embayment is not applicable to the Cretaceous rocks. The designation was used first by E. T. Dumble and is understood to refer to the Tertiary deposits.

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published by the Federal Government as well as all property maps made by operating companies are based on that system. With regard to vertical measurements both the metric and English systems are used indiscrimi- nately in the text. The reason for this procedure is that most of the measurements in drilling operations have been recorded in feet. Variants occur in the spelling of several names in Mexico. Chapopote is considered the correct rendering of that word and is so used in the text where referring to asphalt (or oil); Chapapote is used where referring to places as it appears thus on some maps though probably incorrectly. Tlixpan (or Tuxpam) and Quebracha (or Quebrache) are other examples. The reader will find the map issued by the American Geographical Society of New York a useful reference (see list of maps at end of Bibliography). Referring to the interest takenin Mexican geology and the application of micro-palaeontology to stratigraphy by the late E. T. Dumble, the following is worth mention. The writer recently came across two letters he had received from W. F. Cummins in 1917, written at Dumble's re- quest, pointing out the desirability of obtaining palaeontological evidence from the Chicontepec beds in the region of TanlajAs. Cummins wrote (8th November, 1917): Mr. Cushman, who is studying the foraminifera of the Mexican collections, is very anxious to get some of the forams from the Chicontepec beds. I am writing to ask you, if possible, to secure some of them for us and send them to Mr. Dumble at this place [Houston, Texas]. Some result obtained along these lines from that area in 1935 is referred to in the following pages. Some of the rocks, from outcrops and wells, referred to in these pages have been deposited with the Department of Geology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan. It is planned to send some of the Fora- minifera referred to in the lists of J. B. Dorr to the same place. A collection of well cuttings from the Northern fields area is now in the care of the Instituto Geoldgico in Mexico City; this collection, formerly, was gathered together by the geologists of the International Pe- troleum Company. The English form of spelling has been retained, although not conform- ing with editorial practice of The American Association of Petroleum Geologists. Words ending in -ic or -ical are used with both renderings. JOHNM. MUIR 26 August, 1935

Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/3840618/9781629812533_frontmatter.pdf by guest on 24 September 2021 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS In a treatise of this kind it has been necessary to include the results of the work of many geologists who have not been in a position to publish. The writer recognizes the helpful contacts with his former colleagues in the employ of Compaiiia Mexicana-Holandesa "La Corona": H. Adrian, A. P. Frey, J. A. A. Mekel, A. H. Noble, Walther Staub, and F. E. Wellings. In the same category are included: W. S. Adkins, C. W. Creek, Cecil Drake, G. F. Kaufmann, D. R. Semmes, and Paul Weaver, now, or at one time, connected with the Compaiiia Mexicana de Petr6leo "El Aguila" (joint geological department with Corona Company after 1st July, 1923). The late J. Erb, former director of the Royal Dutch, and F. A. A. van Gogh, former chief geologist of the same company, contributed helpful discussions pertaining to the problems in former years. Contacts with geologists of companies (other than that with which the writer was at one time connected) are acknowledged; among these geologists may be mentioned W. A. Baker, Jr., John Bell, P. H. Bohart, C. M. Crebbs, R. Leibensperger, E. A. McKanna, A. Milek, and D. A. Powell. The writer has been aided by 0. B. Knight and E. A. Trager regarding some data. J. A. Cushman has aided by determining the Foraminifera from the type locality of the Tamesi formation. L. W. Stephenson, T. Wayland Vaughan, and others have assisted through the medium of correspondence. The writer is beholden to E. DeGolyer for information pertaining to the early history of the Mexican oil fields and for his assistance in supply- ing other data from time to time. J. M. Lovejoy placed at the writer's disposition the subsurface sample collection of the International Pe- troleum Company. The National Research Council of Washington, D. C., furthered the investigations in some of the later stages. Many discussions of the problems with the late W. F. Cummins and with B. C. Belt have had their bearing on different aspects of the subject. C. Burckhardt read the Mesozoic part of the manuscript, reviewed the translations and submitted helpful criticisms from time to time; the writer is also indebted to him for determination of some ammonites, and for permission to reproduce figures from his "Etude synthitique sur le Misozolque mexicain." Several geologists resident in, and some residing outside, Mexico have assisted concerning particular questions. Mrs. E. R. Applin has ix

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made determinations of Foraminifera, in several samples submitted to her. Mrs. H. J. Plummer has aided in checking the fossil lists; she has ex- amined the Foraminifera in numerous samples. Synoptical notes, with fossil lists, on the Cretaceous (Neocomian-Cenomanian) and the Tertiary (Eocene-Miocene) in manuscript form by W. S. Adkins were of great assistance. A. S. Love, former scout with the Corona Company, made many pertinent subsurface observations in the Northern fields that have been most valuable. T. A. McIver and C. E. Madden prepared the illustrations for reproduction. Without the help of the following it is not too much to say that the project in its present form would not have been possible. C. L. Baker, very generously placed at the writer's disposal original observations pertaining to field studies in the Sierra Madre Oriental and in the Sierra Tamaulipas, and also went to no end of trouble in answering questions by correspondence and running down many incidental matters. C. F. McCauley, former manager of Compafiia Petrolera "El Agwi" in Tam- pico, rendered invaluable help throughout the preparation of this work. J. B. Dorr has aided in checking part of the manuscript and given con- siderably of his spare time in examining a large number of samples col- lected by the writer, for determination of the Foraminifera. S. A. Grogan, chief geologist of the Mexican Gulf Oil Company, and P. A. Robertson, formerly of the same company, rendered much assistance from time to time. D. Trumpy, former chief geologist of Compafiia Mexicana de Petr6leo "El Aguila," assisted in many ways. In the first place, though mentioned finally, this material has been prepared for publication owing to the continued insistence of the late Sidney Powers, and of W. E. Wrather. JOHNM. MUIR 26 August, 1935 Postscript. The writer is indebted to L. B. Kellum for his careful reading of the printed proof of the following pages and for pointing out that the sandy facies near Cuatro Cienegas (see p. 95) represents a transgres- sive phase-not a regression. J. M. M.

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PAGE INTRODUCTION. BY L. w. STEPHENSON v PREFACE . Vll AcKNOWLEDGMENTS IX LIST OF FIGURES XV LIST OF PLATES XVll LIST OF TABLES . XIX

PART I. INTRODUCTORY

HISTORY . I ToPOGRAPHY AND DRAINAGE 5

PART II. STRATIGRAPHY AND PALEOGEOGRAPHY

PALAWZOIC 7 MISSISSIPPIAN AND MIDDLE PERMIAN 7 MESOZOIC . 8 TRIASSIC 8 JURASSIC 9 THE LIAS 9 UPPER JuRAssrc II OXFORDIAN-KIMMERIDGIAN-PORTLANDIAN II CRETACEOUS 17 LowERCRETACEous 19 NEOCOMIAN-APTIAN 19 MIDDLE CRETACEOUS 22 ALBIAN-CENOMANIAN 22 BATHYAL FACIES . 23 TAMAULIPAS LIMESTONE IN NORTHERN FIELDS (INCLUDING LOWER AND MIDDLE CRETACEOUS) 32 REEF FACIES . 36 DISTRIBUTION 36 TANINUL ETCETERA 36 EL ABRA LIMESTONE 38 EL ABRA LIMESTONE IN SOUTHERN FIELDS 40 CHARACTER OF LIMESTONES 43 DISTRIBUTION OF FACIES 43 UPPERCRETACEOUS 43 TURONIAN. 43

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CONIACIANAND LOWERSANTONIAN ...... 53 REEF FACIES ...... 60 DISTRIBUTION...... 60 UNCONFORMITIES...... 61 SUBSURFACE ...... 62 LOWERSAN FELIPE ...... 63 UPPER SANFELIPE (NORTHERN FIELDS AREA) . . 65 SOUTHERNFIELDS AREA ...... 67 UPPER SANTONIAN.CAMPANIAN AND MAESTRICHTIAN. . 67 DANIAN? ...... 76 (CRETACEOUS-EOCENETRANSITION BEDS) .... 76 AGE OF THE TAMES^ ...... 90 DISTRIBUTION...... 91' MESOZOICPALBOGEOGRAPHY: SYNOPSIS ...... 92 LOWERJURASSIC ...... 92 UPPERJURASSIC ...... 92 LOWERCRETACEOUS ...... 94 MIDDLECRETACEOUS ...... 95 UPPERCRETACEOUS ...... 96 TERTIARY...... 97 EOCENE ...... 98 LOWEREOCENE ...... 98 CHICONTEPECGROUP ...... 98 TANLAJASFORMATION ...... 100 ARAG~NFORMATION ...... I04 MIDDLEEOCENE ...... 109 TEMPOALFORMATION ...... 109 UPPEREOCENE ...... 114 TANTOYUCABEDS ...... 116 CHAPAPOTEFORMATION ...... I I 7 OLIGOCENE ...... 120 LOWEROLIGOCENE ...... 120 HUASTECAFORMATION ...... 124 MIDDLEOLIGOCENE ...... 132 MES~NFORMATION ...... I32 UPPEROLIGOCENE ...... I37 MIOCENE ...... I37 LOWERMIOCENE ...... I37 T~JXPANFORMATION ...... I37 TERTIARYPALBOGEOGRAPHY AND GEOLOGICHISTORY: SYNOPSIS 139

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PosT TERTIARY . 141 PLEISTOCENE AND RECENT 141

PART III. IGNEOUS ROCKS AND SEEPAGES

IGNEous RocKs . 143 SEEPAGES . 151 ASPHALT SEEPAGES 152 OIL SEEPAGES . 156 GAS SEEPAGES 157

PART IV. GENERAL STRUCTURAL FEATURES AND STRUCTURE OF OIL FIELDS

GENERAL STRUCTURAL FEATURES: SUMMARY 159 SIERRA MADRE ORIENTAL 159 MouNTAINS OF THE CoASTAL PLAIN . 161 NORTHERN OIL FIELDS 161 SOUTHERN OIL FIELDS . 162

NORTHERN FIELDS INTRODUCTION . FACTORS GovERNING PoROSITY REVIEW OF PREDOMINANT FEATURES p ANUCO FIELD ISLETA . p ACIENCIA Y AGUACATE TOPILA . CERRITOS . CACALILAO FIELD EASTERN CACALILAO AND EL BARCO MATA DE CHAPAPOTE. CARACOL SALINAS CORCOVADO, GARRUCHO, PACIENCIA, AKD MENUDILLO TANCOCO WEsT-CENTRAL AND NoRTH-CENTRAL CACALILAo AND CALA- VERA LA CIMA AND EAST DICHA NACATA FERRONALES CHIJOL .

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LLANO DE SILVA 193 EBANO AND LIMON 193 ALTAMIRA . 195 RIO TAMESI 197 QUEBRACHA 197 NATURAL GAS 201 LIGHT OIL OccuRRENCES 201

SouTHERN FIELDS 203 INTRODUCTION. 203 FACTORs GovERNING PoROSITY . 206 PRODUCTION 208 Dos BocAs 208 SAN GERONIMO 209 SAN MIGUEL 2 10 CHICONCILLO, TEPETATE, AND NORTH CHINAMPA 210 SouTH CHINAMPA AND NoRTHERN AMATLAN (INCLUDING Los NARANJOS) . 213 SouTHERN AMATLAN . 214 ZACAMIXTLE 2 IS ToTECO AND CERRO AzuL 216 PoTRERO DEL LLANO, INCLUDING ALAZAN AND CERRO VIEJO 2 I7 TIERRA BLANCA-CHAPAPOTE NUNEZ, INCLUDING SOUTHERN CERRO VIEJO 219 ALAMO-JARDIN-PASO REAL 220 OBSERVATIONS EAST AND WEST OF THE RIDGE 223 MOLINO 223 TIERRA AMARILLA 2 24

NATURAL GAS • 224

APPENDIX 226 OIL-FIELD TEMPERATURES 226 WELL PRESSURES 229 STRIPPING WELLS . 229 SHOOTING AND Acm TREATMENT oF WELLS 233 STRATIGRAPHICAL DATA FROM WELLS IN MISCELLANEOUS AREAS 235 LIST OF WELLS AT TANCOCO 235 BIBLIOGRAPHY 237 LIST OF REFERENCE MAPS 248 GAZETTEER 249 INDEX . 251

Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/3840618/9781629812533_frontmatter.pdf by guest on 24 September 2021 LIST OF FIGURES PACE I. STRATIGRAPHICSKETCH OF SUCCESSIONIN LA PRESACA~ON (PEREGRINA)...... 9 2. DETAILEDSTRATIGRAPHIC SKETCH OF UPPER JURASSICAND CRETACEOUSIN NEIGHBOURHOODOF RANCHO LA CALERA, BARRANCAOF THE RIO VINASCO(HUAYACOCOTLA REGION, VER.) ...... 12 3. COLUMNARSECTIONS OF SIERRAMADRE SOUTHWEST OF VIC- TORIA,TAMAULIPAS ...... I4 4. SKETCHSHOWING RELATION OF STRUCTURALMOUNTAIN RANGESTO OIL FIELDS ...... 18 5. SKETCHSHOWING KNOWN FACIES DISTRIBUTION OF TAMAULI- PAS LIMESTONE(BATHYAL) AND EL ABRALIMESTONE (REEF) 24 6. COLUMNARSECTIONS IN LA BORREGACA~ON AND LA PE~A CARON,SIERRA TAMAULIPAS ...... 25 7. MAPSHOWING CRETACEOUS CONTACTS IN LA BORREGACARON, SIERRATAMAULIPAS ...... 26 8. GENERALIZEDCOLUMNAR SECTION, PANUCO-CACALILAO-TO- PILA AREA ...... 33 9. WELLCORRELATIONS, CHOCOY TO TAMISMOL~N. . Sheet in pocket 10. WELLCORRELATIONS, VELASCO TO CAHUAYOTES. Sheet in pocket 11. CROSSSECTION, SIERRA TAMAULIPAS. CROSS SECTION, M~COS TO PANUCO-TOPILA...... 35 I I-A. MAPSHOWING THICKNESS OF UPPERTAMAULIPAS LIMESTONE 37 12. MAP,SURFACE GEOLOGY OF TAMPICOEMBAYMENT . Sheet in pocket 13. MAP SHOWINGMARGINS OF MESOZOICSEAS ..... 93 14. MAPSHOWING ARAG~N TYPE LOCALITY, ALAZAN, CHAPAPOTE, AND TUMBADERO...... 105 15. LONGITUDINALSECTION, SOUTHERN OIL FIELDS. ....107 16. GENERALIZEDCOLUMNAR SECTION, SOUTHERN OIL FIELDS. . 108 17. SECTIONOF HUASTECAFORMATION AT PASOCOMALES ... 125 18. SKETCHMAP OF TAMPICO-T~JXPANREGION, SHOWING OIL FIELDSAND IGNEOUSROCKS ...... I44 19. MAP SHOWINGIGNEOUS ROCKS IN SANJOSI? DE LAS RI?SIAS REGION ...... 146 20. CERROBERNAL, VOLCANIC PLUG .... 150 xv

Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/3840618/9781629812533_frontmatter.pdf by guest on 24 September 2021 LIST OF FIGURES

21. SECTIONSHOWING FOLDING. OF CRETACEOUSAND JURASSIC ROCKSIN SIERRAMADRE, SOUTH OF MONTERREY. . . 160 22. SUBSURFACECOMPILATION MAP OF NORTHERNFIELDS Sheet in pocket 23. PRODUCTIONMAP OF NORTHERNFIELDS...... 164 24. I~LETAPOOL, NORTHERN FIELDS ...... I 77 25. CROSSSECTIONS THROUGH EASTERNCACALILAO POOL, NORTH- ERN FIELDS ...... 182 26. CROSSSECTION, GARRUCHO POOL, NORTHERN FIELDS . . . 186 27. TANCOCOPOOL, CACALILAO ...... 187 28. EAST-WESTSECTION ACROSS TANCOCOPOOL, CACALILAO . . 188 29. NORTH-SOUTHSECTION ACROSS TANCOCOPOOL, CACALILAO . 189 30. SUBSURFACEMAP OF QUEBRACHAFIELD ...... 198 3 I. SECTIONSTHROUGH QUEBRACHAFIELD ...... I99 32. SUBSURFACECOMPILATION MAP OF SOUTHERNFIELDS Sheet in pocket 33. SUBSURFACEMAP OF CHICONCILLO-TEPETATE-NORTHCHIN- AMPA,INCLUDING NORTHERNEND OF SOUTHCHINAMPA . . 2 I I 34. SUBSURFACEMAP OF POTRERODEL LLANOFIELD . . . . 218 35. WELLSECTIONS, TIERRA BLANCA FIELD ...... 220 36. SUBSURFACEMAP OF ALAMO-JARD~N-PASOREAL FIELD . . 221 37. PRODUCTIONDECLTNE CURVE OF WELLPRODUCING FROM AGUA NUEVAFORMATION ...... 23 I 38. PRODUCTIONCURVE OFLARGE WELL...... 232 39. PRODUCTIONDECLINE CURVE OF WELLPRODUCING FROM BASE OF AGUANUEVA FORMATION OR TOPOF TAMAULIPASLIME- STONE ...... 233 40. PRODUCTIONDECLINE CURVE OF SHALLOWWELL PRODUCING FROMTOPOFAGUANUEVA FORMATION...... 234

Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/3840618/9781629812533_frontmatter.pdf by guest on 24 September 2021 LIST OF PLATES FACINGPAGE EL ABRALIMESTONE AT EASTEND OF Mfcos CARONFrontispiece TAMAULIPASLIMESTONE IN LA BORREGACARON EAST OF NACIMIENTO...... 30 PHOTOMICROGRAPHSOF EL ABRALIMESTONE FROM PENN MEXJARD~N 35 ...... 3 I A. AND B. EL ABRALIMESTONE SHOWING FOSSIL CAVITIES WITH ASPHALTPROM 2,415 FEET,JARD~N WELLNO. 35, PENNMEX FUEL COMPANY ...... 40 IV. A. AND B. EL ABRALIMESTONE, METROPOLITAN WELL NO. I, TEPETATE,2, I 70 FEET ...... 41 TYPELOCALITY OF AGUANUEVA FORMATION. BLACK LIME- STONES AND SHALES ...... 44 M~NDEZSHALES EXPOSED ON MEXICO CITY HIGHWAY NORTHOF TAMAZUNCHALE...... 44 VII. OTATESHORIZON IN TAMAULIPASLIMESTONE, CAWON DE OTATE~ ...... 45 VIII. CHICONTEPECSANDSTONES IN RIO CALABOZO,NORTH OF CHICONTEPEC ...... I 42 IX. DOUBLEDYKE AT ZACAMIXTLE...... 142 X. SEEPAGEAT COMALES...... 143 XI. SEEPAGEAT CHICONCILLO...... 143 XII. SEEPAGEAT CERROAZUL ...... I 66 XIII. BASALSAN FELIPE FAULT BRECCIA BLOWN OUT OF CORONA WELL NO. 12, AT TANCOCO,CACALILAO. DEPTH, 1,558 FEET ...... 167 XIV. POTRERODEL LLANOWELL NO. 4 FITTED WITH HORI- ZONTAL CHOKES ...... 230 XV. WELLFITTEDWITHVERTICAL CHOKE , . . . . 23 1

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