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A New Augochlorine Bee Species in Tertiary Amber from the Dominican Republic (Hymenoptera: Halictidae) Michael Engel, Molly Rightmyer

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A New Augochlorine Bee Species in Tertiary Amber from the Dominican Republic (Hymenoptera: Halictidae) Michael Engel, Molly Rightmyer A new augochlorine bee species in Tertiary amber from the Dominican Republic (Hymenoptera: Halictidae) Michael Engel, Molly Rightmyer To cite this version: Michael Engel, Molly Rightmyer. A new augochlorine bee species in Tertiary amber from the Do- minican Republic (Hymenoptera: Halictidae). Apidologie, Springer Verlag, 2000, 31 (3), pp.431-436. 10.1051/apido:2000133. hal-00891722 HAL Id: hal-00891722 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00891722 Submitted on 1 Jan 2000 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Apidologie 31 (2000) 431–436 431 © INRA/DIB-AGIB/EDP Sciences Original article A new augochlorine bee species in Tertiary amber from the Dominican Republic (Hymenoptera: Halictidae) Michael S. ENGEL, Molly G. RIGHTMYER Department of Entomology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY 10024-5192, USA (Received 10 August 1999; revised 16 November 1999; accepted 24 November 1999) Abstract – A new species of the bee genus Oligochlora Engel is described and figured from two females preserved in a single piece of Miocene Dominican amber. The species is proposed as Oligochlora marquettorum Engel & Rightmyer sp. nov., and is the fourth member of this extinct genus of the tribe Augochlorini. Apoidea / Miocene / Oligochlora / paleontology / extinct species / taxonomy 1. INTRODUCTION this paleofauna continues to grow. One of us (MSE) is presently involved in monographic Although bees are common as inclusions studies of the fossil bees of the world, and it from Tertiary amber sites in the Dominican is hoped that a new catalogue of the fossil Republic, they are mostly represented by a bees will be presented in the near future. single species, and the study of this fauna has only recently begun in earnest. The first Augochlorini, a strictly New World tribe bee described from Dominican amber was of the subfamily Halictinae, consists of the stingless bee Proplebeia dominicana species most noted for their brilliant metal- [20], a common inclusion often sold in gem lic coloration which is frequently green, but stores. The next bee, however, was not can vary dramatically. Although the tribe is described for over three decades [3]. Today distributed from southern Canada to north- bees in Dominican amber include members ern Argentina and Chile, its greatest diver- of the tribes Augochlorini [3–5], Chilicolini sity is in the tropics of South America and [10, 17], Euglossini [8, 18], Halictini [17], the southern regions of Mesoamerica [6]. Megachilini [9], Meliponini [2, 16, 20], and Few augochlorine genera are found in the Protandrenini [19], and our knowledge of West Indies today; the group is predominantly 432 M.S. Engel, M.G. Rightmyer represented by the nominate genus 3. SYSTEMATIC PALEONTOLOGY Augochlora. The genus Oligochlora was only recently proposed for two enigmatic 3.1. Oligochlora marquettorum Engel augochlorine species in Dominican amber & Rightmyer sp. nov. [4]. A third species was later discovered [5], 3.1.1. Diagnosis and the genus newly diagnosed [5, 6]. Although it was speculated that Oligochlora The new species differs from other had close affinities to the widely distributed Oligochlora most notably in the absence of genus Neocorynura [4], a recent cladistic an acarinarium on the first metasomal ter- analysis of the tribe supported a Thec- gum, the obtuse pronotal lateral angle, the tochlora + Oligochlora clade [6, 7]. Thec- basitibial plate rimmed on all borders, the tochlora is a small, monotypic genus imbricate sculpturing on the basal area of restricted to South America and has a mutu- the propodeum, the rounded pronotal lat- alistic relationship with a single, monotypic eral ridge, and the larger body dimensions. genus of acarid mites [12]. This node was, This combination of characters serves to however, weakly supported and it is presently distinguish O. marquettorum from all other Oligochlora, and the structure of the first unknown whether this grouping reflects a metasomal tergum and basitibial plate are true historical relationship, or is an artifact unique features in the genus. of insufficient character information for species of Oligochlora (particularly in the 3.1.2. Description absence of information for the male). Herein we present the description of a fourth species The description of the female is as fol- for this group based on two females pre- lows: total body length 8.5 mm; forewing served in a single block of amber, and pro- length 5.4 mm. Head length 2.0 mm, width vide new information on this remarkable 2.1 mm. Interocellar distance 0.3 mm, ocel- genus of extinct bees. locular distance 0.4 mm. Intertegular dis- tance 1.9 mm. Subapical tooth of mandible moderately well developed, apex pointed, projecting away from body of mandible at 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS acute angle and gently curving towards labrum (Fig. 1); mandibular apex pointed; Morphological terminology generally fol- lows that proposed by Michener [15], while the format for the description follows that used for other augochlorine bees [1, 5, 11]. In the description, the abbreviations F, S, T, and OD are used for flagellomere, ster- num, tergum, and ocellar diameter (based on the median ocellus), respectively. Mea- surements were made using an ocular micrometer on a Leitz microscope. These metrics should be considered approximate, since the optimal view of a given feature was not always possible through the amber. The Early Miocene (c. 21 Mya) age for Dominican amber is based on the recent Figure 1. Oligochlora marquettorum Engel & stratigraphic work by Iturralde-Vinent and Rightmyer sp. nov.; female holotype; head, MacPhee [13, 14]. frontal aspect. Scale bar = 1mm. A new augochlorine bee in Tertiary amber 433 acetabular groove running to point where subapical tooth distends from mandible, outer groove running to mandibular apex, acetabular carina reaching base of mandible. Clypeus relatively flat and non-protuberant, clypeal margin depressed, lateral apices weakly protuberant; distal two-thirds of clypeus extending below lower tangent of compound eyes. Epistomal sulcus forming a slightly obtuse angle opening towards compound eye (Fig. 1), forming straight line between subantennal sutures. Supraclypeal area 1.25 times length of clypeus, two-thirds wider than long, gently raised at midpoint, not protuberant. Upper inner margin of com- pound eye weakly emarginate; compound eye basally convergent above clypeus. Antennal sockets below emargination; about Figure 2. Oligochlora marquettorum Engel & one antennal socket distance between anten- Rightmyer sp. nov.; female holotype. Metatib- nal sockets, and slightly more than two ial apex, metabasitarsus (with tibial spurs), and antennal socket distances between antennal metatarsomeres 2 and 3. Scale bar = 1 mm. sockets and inner margin of compound eyes. Median ocellus separated from lateral ocel- lus by one-half of its width; lateral ocelli pectinate, with five teeth decreasing in separated from each other by slightly greater length towards apex (Fig. 2). Outer hind tib- than one and one-half times width of median ial spur longer than inner hind tibial spur ocellus. Median ocellus separated from (Fig. 2). Metatibial basal plate rounded at upper tangent of antennal sockets by three apex, bordered on all sides. Basal vein dis- and one-half times its width; lateral ocellus tad cu-a by two and one-half times vein separated from inner margin of compound width; 1r-m confluent with 1m-cu; 2m-cu eye by one median ocellus width. Vertex apparently gently curved; marginal cell apex short, about one and one-half times median feebly truncate and appendiculate; length ocellus width; unmodified (lacking ridges, of first submarginal cell approximately equal protuberances, and furrows). Preoccipital to combined lengths of second and third area rounded and unmodified. Gena width submarginal cells; second submarginal cell slightly less than width of compound eye. not narrowed anteriorly; anterior border of Pronotal dorsal ridge weakly carinate; second submarginal cell approximately pronotal lateral ridge rounded; pronotal dor- three-quarters length of that of third; anterior sal angle slightly rounded, obtuse, and not border of third submarginal cell approxi- protuberant. Mesoscutum broadly rounded mately one-half length of posterior border. anteriorly; parapsidal line weakly impressed. Metasoma unmodified, acarinarium absent. Ovoid tegula. Scutellum two times length of metanotum. Basal area of propodeum Clypeus with coarse, faint punctures sep- slightly shorter than scutellum. Ovoid vel- arated by less than a puncture width, integu- lum with apical outer margin slightly ment otherwise faintly imbricate. Supra- extended; malus pectinate, length approxi- clypeal area as on clypeus except punctures mately equal to length of vellum; first malar fainter. Face below level of antennal sock- tooth three-fourths as high as vellum width, ets as on clypeus except punctures becoming with malar teeth decreasing in height more defined, slightly smaller, and more towards apex of spur.
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