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The Predictors of Success of Palestinian Tawjihi Students in East Jerusalem : a Multilevel Analysis

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The Predictors of Success of Palestinian Tawjihi Students in East Jerusalem : a Multilevel Analysis University of Louisville ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository Electronic Theses and Dissertations 8-2013 The predictors of success of Palestinian Tawjihi students in East Jerusalem : a multilevel analysis. Rhonda G. Amer University of Louisville Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.library.louisville.edu/etd Part of the Social Work Commons Recommended Citation Amer, Rhonda G., "The predictors of success of Palestinian Tawjihi students in East Jerusalem : a multilevel analysis." (2013). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. Paper 37. https://doi.org/10.18297/etd/37 This Doctoral Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository. This title appears here courtesy of the author, who has retained all other copyrights. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE PREDICTORS OF SUCCESS OF PALESTINIAN TAWJIHI STUDENTS IN EAST JERUSALEM: A MULTILEVEL ANALYSIS By Rhonda G. Amer B.A., Hebrew University 2000 M.S.S.W., University of Louisville 2007 A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the Raymond A. Kent School of Social Work of the University of Louisville In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Kent School of Social Work University of Louisville Louisville, Kentucky August 2013 Copyright 2013 by Rhonda G. Amer All rights reserved THE PREDICTORS OF SUCCESS OF PALESTINIAN TAWJIHI STUENTS IN EAST JERUSALEM: A MULTILEVEL ANALYSIS By Rhonda G. Amer B.A., Hebrew University 2000 M.S.S.W., University of Louisville 2007 A Dissertation Approved on May 31, 2013 by the following Dissertation Committee: _________________________________ Anna C. Faul, Ph.D., Chair _________________________________ Yahya Hijazi, Ph.D. _________________________________ Thomas Lawson, Ph.D. _________________________________ Marie Antoinette Sossou, Ph.D. _______________________________ Pamela A. Yankeelov, Ph.D. ________________________________ ii DEDICATION This dissertation is dedicated to my family particularly my parents, George and Siham Amer, who eventually learned to embrace my free spirit and bless my pursuit of my own path. Your children are not your children. They are the sons and daughters of Life's longing for itself. They come through you but not from you, And though they are with you yet they belong not to you. You may give them your love but not your thoughts, For they have their own thoughts. You may house their bodies but not their souls, For their souls dwell in the house of tomorrow, which you cannot visit, not even in your dreams. You may strive to be like them, but seek not to make them like you. For life goes not backward nor tarries with yesterday. ~Kahlil Gibran iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank everybody who assisted and supported me during my journey in the United States and at the University of Louisville. Many people were involved that no words would express my appreciation of their efforts and love. To my family in Jerusalem: My Father, George, my mother, Siham, my sister, Annie, my two brothers, Issa and Jack, and my aunt, Antoinette, thank you for being a constantly supportive and loving. Thank you for all your prayers and for being available day and night despite the time difference. Thank you for always believing in me and for being a source of strength during the hardest times. To my committee, I would never have managed to finish my doctoral degree without you. Thank you very much for always being there to support, encourage, and push when needed. Dr. Anna Faul, my chair, thank you for believing in me and for pushing me beyond my limits. Despite all the frustrations and difficult moments, you allowed me to discover my true abilities. Dr. Thomas Lawson, you were my companion since 2005 and continued to be a source of comfort when things seemed impossible. Your encouragement and reassurance kept me going. Dr. Pamela Yankeelov, you were the source of hope. Your smile was always a clear message that everything will be fine when nothing seemed to be going right. Dr. Antoinette Sossou your input was always valuable and you were a great asset to the committee. Dr. Yahya Hijazi, you were an invaluable iv committee member since being a Jerusalemite yourself, you were aware of all the problems facing the educational system in Jerusalem. You offered valuable insight. Dr. Ruth Huber, thank you for believing in me and for accepting me in the program. You never had doubts in my abilities and were always there even after your retirement. Thank you for always comforting, supporting, encouraging, and helping me when needed. Without you, I would not have been where I am now. Dr. Bibhuti Sar, thank you for being there when needed. I would not have been able to finish my dissertation without your help. Thank you and Kent School for extending my assistantship for another year to allow me to focus on my research and on finishing my dissertation. You have been very kind and generous to me. To Kent School family, thank you for making me feel at home since 2005 when I enrolled in the graduate program. I would like to thank Dean Terry Singer, Dr. Wanda Collins, Dr. Gerard Barber, Dr. Michiel Van Zyl, Ms. Norma Kyriss, and Ms. Debra Evans. I would also like to thank my cohort: Rebecca Clark, Susan Rhema, and Justin Miller. We had great times together. You all made this journey enjoyable despite all the difficulties. I extend my deepest gratitude to Dr. Julie Peteet from the Anthropology Department who offered guidance and was a great source of support, Mr. Adam Robinson from the writing center for all his help, the amazing librarians Ms. Barbara Whitehead and Ms. Toccara Porter who were willing to offer last minute help, and to Mr. Jonathan Gertz and Dr. Whitney Cassity-Caywood who edited my dissertation. v To my family in Louisville, Dr. Ibrahim Imam and his wife, Mrs. Beth Imam who welcomed me in their home and soon became part of their family, I cannot thank you enough. Your generosity and kind heartedness helped me be where I am now. I would like to thank my friends who were always a source of support, comfort, encouragement, and inspiration: Liudmila Batista, Dong Tien, Fr. Norayr Kazazian, Michelle Assouli, Adonis Shehadeh, Zuzana Janku, Joseph D’Ambrosio, Rhona Kamar, Rodrigo Mansilla, John Taylor, Derese Kassa, Julie Purcell, and Dr. Adel Elmaghrabi. I am very grateful to my friend Catherine Nichols and her mother, Dr. Ann Nichols, who were very supportive. Without their help, I would not have been able to pursue my studies in the United States. Also, I extend my gratitude to Sara and John Lisherness who were very generous to offer me their home for two years and cared for me as their own daughter. To Rev. Victor Makari who extended the first invitation to visit the United States, I say thank you for opening the door for new possibilities for me. I would like to thank the Presbyterian Church as well as Ms. Joyce Ochs who offered me scholarships to pursue my graduate studies at Kent School. This research would not have been conducted without the support of a number of local and international organizations in Jerusalem mainly Faisal Husseini Foundation, Save the Children, Arab Thought Forum, and Union of the Charitable Societies. I would like to extend special appreciation to Mr. Abd Alqader Husseini, Mr. Eyad Al-Araj, Dr. Rana Alhelsi, Mr. Sameer Jibreel, Fr. Norayr Kazazian, Mr. Zakariya Odeh, Mr. Mohammad Abu Hamed, Ms. I’tidal Al-Ashhab, Ms. Vera Habash, Ms. Mai Abdo, and Ms. Aida Issawi who were very helpful during the data collection phase. Thank you all for everything. vi ABSTRACT THE PREDICTORS OF SUCCESS OF PALESTINIAN TAWJIHI STUDENTS IN EAST JERUSALEM: A MULTILEVEL ANALYSIS Rhonda G. Amer May 31, 2013 The purpose of this mixed-method research study was to identify the predictors of success of Palestinian Arab Tawjihi students in East Jerusalem schools. Three theories guided this research study and assisted in developing the conceptual framework; social disorganization theory, ecological theory, and achievement motivation theory. Methods: The sample consisted of 20 schools and 522 students from 19 different neighborhoods. This study was based on existing data and observational data as well as some qualitative data to provide context for the model results. The existing data were gathered from the different schools, the Ministry of Education, local organizations, neighborhood representatives, and from human rights organizations such as B’Tselem1 and Badil2. In-depth interviews were conducted with four students selected by school principals based on the students’ willingness to participate. A two-level model with students on level 1 and schools on level 2 was tested. Results: Results indicated that female students, students in the scientific Tawjihi stream, and those whose mothers were of higher education level perform better than male 1 An Israeli human rights center in the occupied territories (http://www.btselem.org/) 2 Is a non-profit organization and resource center for defending the rights of Palestinian refugees and internally displaced persons (www.badil.org) vii students, students in the literary stream, and students whose mothers were of lower education level. Students with higher student to teacher ratio, who attended schools that suffered from classroom shortage and lower building quality performed better than those who attended schools with more favorable characteristics. Students who attended schools with higher success and matriculating percentages performed better as well. There was one significant interaction effect between Tawjihi stream and school type revealing that the best performing students were those in the scientific stream in Public schools and the worst performing students were those in the literary stream in Waqf (Islamic) schools.
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