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MONXTON VILLAGE DESIGN STATEMENT

REFERENCES:

Monxton - A Village History by Diana K. Coldicott.

Amport, , Monxton Conservation Policy, 1980, extended 1981.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS:

Monxton Village Design Statement team warmly thank:

The Monxton parishioners who completed the questionnaires, took part in workshops and meetings, contributed photographs of the village, wrote summaries and gave of their skills and special knowledge in numerous ways.

Monxton Parish Council for encouragement and interest as well as Borough Council for its support, especially David Bibby of the Planning Department for his kind and knowledgeable guidance.

Hampshire Association of Parish and Town Councils.

Mrs Diana Coldicott for special help on historical facts of the parish and assistance with editing of text.

Mr Mark Oldroyd for very generous support for Graphic Designer.

Mr Charles Littleworth for his picture of Monxton High Street.

Professor Peter Gibson for specialist help with the initial workshop.

Mr David Allen, Curator, Andover Museum.

Designed by Elaine Odlin Graphic Design. 01424 751649

Printed by Bulpitt Print Limited, Andover, Hampshire. 01264 363600 MONXTON VDS 04/04 29/9/04 1:28 pm Page 3

INTRODUCTION Right and below: The Village Green – the heart of Monxton.

Village Design Statements are the result of an initiative started by the Countryside Commission (now Agency) in 1993, which focused on the significance of local character and distinctiveness as planning issues within rural settlements. Emphasis was placed on the need for input from local communities to identify what they believed were the unique qualities of their villages, which should be preserved in any future developments. Guidance in achieving this was produced by the Countryside Commission in 1996 in a document entitled ‘Village Design - making local character count in new development’.

In 1999 Test Valley Borough This was followed by a well- Valley in the Valley Council agreed that Village attended Open Meeting and a Floor. The Pillhill Brook flows Design Statements (VDS) would questionnaire to all parishioners through the main part of the be adopted as Supplementary (over 80% responded) asking settlement and joins the River Planning Guidance in Test Valley them to give their views on what Anton, a tributary of the River in accordance with guidance is important to them about Test, at Upper . which was approved in 2000. Monxton and its surroundings. The area of the parish With this status it becomes a An introductory workshop followed, containing listed buildings is in material consideration in the after which three research teams the and Monxton determination of planning were established to study the Conservation Area designated in applications. aspects of the parish set out above. 1980 and extended in 1981 by The Monxton Village Design There were further workshops and Test Valley Borough Council, and Statement outlines the qualities the community has been kept in includes all of the old part of

Traditional signpost on the Green. and characteristics which give the Entrance to village from . touch, culminating in an all day the village. parish its distinctiveness as seen exhibition of text, maps and by the community. The character new projects of whatever scale, Liaison with photographs at which comments Population of the village is described under may be carried out with sensitivity Community were welcomed. Based on the 2001 census from three headings: and will be in harmony with the An opportunity was taken by Hampshire County Council’s Small 1. Landscape and Surroundings; setting and style of the village. Monxton parishioners to show Location Area Population Forecast, the 2. Settlement Pattern; and The VDS was accepted by the and discuss already approved Monxton is regarded as one of estimate for 2000 is 245 people 3. Buildings and Materials. Parish Council on 20th November VDSs in the Village Hall, when Hampshire’s prettiest villages. living in 118 dwellings. Currently Design Guidelines have been 2003, and adopted by Test Valley officers from the Planning It is located three miles south there are twenty-eight children put forward to ensure that any Borough Council as Supplementary Department of Test Valley west of Andover and seventeen aged twelve or younger, which is future developments, whether Planning Guidance on 5th May Borough Council were exhibiting miles north of Winchester in the a significant and welcome

alterations to existing buildings or 2004. a draft of the Local Plan. northwestern part of the Test increase on recent years. View along Andover Road.

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HISTORY

Monxton High Street a century ago. The 1114 acres that comprise the parish of Monxton are wedged between the bordering parishes of and Amport. In this area, man was farming long before the arrival of the Romans. However, it was the construction of the Portway road by the Romans which lead to subsequent development.

Two House of Constantine coins 4thC. Silver denarius of Julia Maesa early 3rdC.

Barbarous radiate, late 3rdC.

Three minims, ever lived in the village, but the Throughout the period of its late 4thC. Abbey continued to draw income ownership the College kept good

A small section of the Portway along Green Lane is impressive. from it for the next 300 years. records which are still in its runs along the east-west line of Later, the village was one of The Abbey’s possession of archives. They include a splendid the present village High Street, five that became established Anne de Bec (and its other English map which was commissioned from Monxton Mill to the start of along the banks of the stream, manors) was brought to an end by from John Doharty in 1751 and Hook Lane in Green Lane, before which was then called River Anne. Henry IV during the Hundred shows two of the great medieval continuing its route westwards. ‘Anne’ was incorporated in their Years War. For a time it was held fields being farmed as strips. After Roman coins from the 3rd and names. By the time of the Norman by the Duke of Bedford and came the Monxton Enclosure Act of 4th centuries have been found at Conquest the village had become to be called Monkeston. After his 1806 the ownership of these Manor Farm which indicate that a separate parish and manor and death in 1435 it reverted to the strips was reorganised, and the there was some Roman settlement was duly recorded with its mill in king, so when Henry VI founded resulting small fields were there. Two other factors influencing Domesday Book* in 1086. King’s College, Cambridge, in 1441 enclosed by hedges. Later these the development of the village as Subsequently its Norman he gave it to the College as a were absorbed by the larger it is today were the presence of owner gave the parish to the small part of its foundation. farms, as shown by the Ordnance the Pillhill Brook and the natural Abbey of Bec-Hellouin in King’s College continued to Survey Map undertaken in1873. hollow in the land, which was later Normandy and the parish became own Monxton parish with its King’s College sold its enlarged. Even today the escarpment know as Anne de Bec. No monks houses and cottages until 1921. property in Monxton in 1921 when the two farms and many of *In Andover Hundred. The king holds Monxton in demesne. Wulfgifu held it the cottages were bought by of King Edward in alod. It then paid geld 1 for 10 hides; now for 2 ⁄2 hides. There is sitting tenants. Village life was land for 3 ploughs. In demesne are 2 ploughs; and 3 villains and 5 bordars little affected. The many changes with 2 ploughs. There are 3 slaves, and a mill rendering 7s 6d, and 2 acres of since then, particularly since This Ordnance Survey Map of meadow, and a small wood. TRE it was © Crown Copyright Monxton, plotted July 2003, worth 100s; and afterwards , as now, £9. 1945, have largely been caused Monxton Ordnance demonstrates how little the The Hampshire Domesday. Alecto Map Licence settlement has changed since Historical Editions (1989). Extract from Domesday Book. by outside forces. No. 100043282 the Ordnance Survey Map, above, made in 1873.

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LANDSCAPE & SURROUNDINGS

Below: Old Prospect Farm viewed across arable land.

Monxton nestles in the valley of the Pillhill Brook between chalk uplands. Descending into the village by road or public paths from the higher ground of the valley, mature trees and hedges almost hide the settlement giving a visual surprise when the houses and thatched cottages come into view. Close to the village are a number of paddocks owned by parishioners which are valued open sites. The panoramic views from above the village across the rural landscape are impressive, being enhanced by woodlands, copses and mature trees.

The slopes of the valley surrounding and pastureland known as Church the village provide an effective Field, adjacent to Manor Farm screen from the Defence Logistics buildings. Three mixed copses Design Guidelines Organisation, the Portway were planted in 1995 two on • Trees should be protected if they contribute Industrial Estate, the A303 and Watergate Lane and one next to significantly to the character and appearance of other villages. Nevertheless, Church Field. The community has the village. Where felling becomes necessary trees looking north from high spots on a tradition of tree planting, should be replaced if possible to continue the Watergate Lane (see Public Rights including over thirty varied native tradition of tree planting in Monxton. of Way map) it is possible to see trees planted to commemorate • Wooded areas and copses should be maintained the North Hampshire Downs. the Queen’s Silver Jubilee, of and encouraged where they significantly On entering the village from which twenty are along Watergate contribute to the character and appearance of the Andover what was once a Lane and Monxton Lane. landscape around the village. distinctive and picturesque view across an Important Open Area to Public Rights of Way • None of the existing hedgerows should be Track to Manor Farm. the Pillhill Brook is now hidden by There is a network of nine public removed. Footpaths and public rights of way the planting of Leylandii close to rights of way linking the parish To the west, Hook Lane, Nature and Wildlife should be maintained and be appropriately signed. the road. with Amport, and the starting from Green Lane, provides Monxton and its surroundings The surrounding countryside is Wallops, as well as Grateley Road a wooded walk along the Amport provide secure habitats for a variety prime agricultural land (Grade 2). and Red Post Lane. They all cross parish boundary until it joins of wildlife with its woodlands, There are two farms, Manor Farm farmland, giving extensive rural Broad Road by the railway bridge. copses, trees at all stages of and Prospect Farm. views. Among them are Watergate These rights of way are much development, hedgerows, railway Two significant mixed hedges Lane and Monxton Lane leading valued as access to open country embankments, open fields and were planted in the early 1990s, north from Andover Road,which being well used by both walkers pastures. During recent years over one along Pipers Hill path, and are former drove roads, mainly for and riders, and should be protected eighty species of birds have been

the other between an arable field sheep going to the Weyhill Fair. Monxton Lane. and maintained. recorded.

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LANDSCAPE & SURROUNDINGS continued

View towards Monxton from Watergate Lane.

Swan on Pillhill Brook.

Roe deer are seen in groups of two or three. The increasing numbers of wild flowers by the hedgerows attract many species of butterflies and moths. While this is not an exhaustive list of all the wildlife to be seen, it indicates that the countryside around Ducklings on Pillhill Brook. Monxton is a treasure of wild Legend In addition to non-endangered flora and fauna. Hampshire Rights of Way ROW TYPE species, rare wrynecks, lesser These factors indicate an Byway Open to All Traffic Bridleway white throats, lesser spotted environment not only healthy for Footpath woodpeckers and kingfishers are wildlife but also for the people Road Used as a Public Path HCC Parish Boundaries 2002 seen. Skylarks are commonly heard who share and protect it. © Crown Copyright 2003 HCC 076651 Reproduced from the Ordnance Survey map with the permission in the fields and copses close to of the controller of Her Majesty’s Stationery Office Monxton Lane. Close to Watergate Lane is a wild area, including wet land, which provides a sanctuary for wild life. Pillhill Brook supports brown trout and a growing number of water voles, which cannot survive if the banks of streams are over cultivated. Duck, moorhen

Hook Lane. and coot nest in the stream. Trees east of the church.

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SETTLEMENT PATTERN

Right: Amport Road bridge.

©Charles Littleworth

At the centre of the village is the crossroads formed by Layout of Buildings the old routes along which Monxton has developed since Monxton is given its distinctive earliest times, and the well tended Village Green with character by its pleasant mix of the Pillhill Brook along its northern edge. Amenities old and recently built houses. close by are St Mary’s Church, the Village Hall and the The five roads into the village all Black Swan public house, providing good facilities for give a feeling of individuality. community life. All the older buildings in the village are The thatched cottages in the within the Amport and Monxton Conservation Area of High Street, and the well spaced Monxton Green by the Pillhill Brook. 1980. There is a field between the older part of the houses with their tile or thatch Important Open Area on Amport Road. settlement and Sunnybank to the east. The Prospect topped cob boundary walls, add close to the road and have no area, a mile and a half to the south on Broad Road, is to the charm and serenity of the off-street parking. Its use by large running east under the small end of World War II and recent the location of several small businesses, some housed in village. Most of the newer houses vehicles is incompatible with its bridge on the Amport Road. plantings of native trees. Another farmyard conversions. are found in Chalkpit Lane, Broad width. It is difficult to pass The Green is used as a safe play designated Important Open Area is Road, Green Lane and Sunnybank. oncoming traffic in other streets area for supervised small children, the water meadow enclosed by in the village which are also as well as older children playing Andover Road, Chalkpit Lane and

Roads incompatible with large vehicles. ball games. It provides an excellent Pillhill Brook. It continues into Cob walls topped with thatch and tiles. The roads approaching Monxton venue for village events. Abbotts Ann parish and is skirted link it with Andover and the Open Spaces, The field south of the Village on its southern edge by Important villages of Abbotts Ann, Amport, Woodland and Hall, diagonally opposite to the Woodland. Grateley and Boundaries Green, is designated in the A Southern Water pumping Airfield. Apart from Sunnybank, The most valued open space is Conservation Area plan as an station is located in a corner none of the roads in the village undoubtedly the Green in the Important Open Area. between Chalkpit Lane and have pavements. centre of the village at the The wood surrounding the Andover Road. A sapling hedge On the north side of the High crossroads. Benches donated by church is Important Woodland. It has been planted to shield it from

Entrance from Amport with llama in paddock. Street most of the cottages are villagers face the Pillhill Brook consists of poplars planted at the public view in the future.

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Far right: SETTLEMENT PATTERN continued The High Street. Right: Victorian letter box facing the Green. Below: Pillhill Brook.

Village Hall.

Pillhill Brook crosses the stream at its widest The roadside house was built later Design Guidelines The Pillhill Brook, a chalk stream, before it turns south into the in brick and flint with the low • Any new houses should be built in similar style and scale to nearby dwellings. Building materials should is one of Monxton’s most pleasant water meadows. Both bridges are ceilings typical of houses of that blend with those used in the immediate locality. features as it flows from Amport helpful traffic-calmers as it is period, and was later extended to • The provision of off-street parking, discreetly to Abbotts Ann before reaching not possible to pass oncoming the rear. In the 20th century two placed where possible, should be a requirement the . It passes alongside traffic on them. further extensions joined the barn for new development and should meet current the gardens of Green Lane and to the pub. parking standards. on to the northern side of the Amenities The pleasing exterior fronting • Care should be taken to ensure that the sizes of Sunnybank, built 1967. The Black Swan. Village Green. The parish church of St Mary’s, the High Street has remained gardens in new developments should be similar to Monxton is a generously wooded The stream continues through with its large churchyard, is unchanged for many years. those in the immediate vicinity. Tandem development should be avoided. area with mature and newly the settlement leaving the parish approached through oak gates The stream running along the end • Additional access on to roads should be carefully planted trees. Trees are a feature almost immediately after flowing built to honour the fallen of the of the garden helps to make it a considered in view of possible hazards for in the water meadows surrounding under the bridge in Andover Road. 1914–1918 World War. Opposite popular venue for locals and pedestrians and vehicle traffic. Monxton Mill and they continue Ducks, moorhens and brown trout the gates is the well used Village visitors. • All garden boundaries facing roads should be alongside the stream as far as can be seen in the stream and, Hall, built in 1968. Half its cost Close to the Green is a of local brick, flint or cob, or hedges of native Watergate Lane. increasingly frequently, water vole. was met by Hampshire County Victorian letter box in the wall of species which can be mixed. Leylandii should There is an almost infinite The Pillhill Brook is one of the last Council for Community Service the old post office, now Fourways be avoided. variety of field and garden managed habitats for brown trout and the remaining half by Cottage. There is a second letter • Care should be taken to preserve open spaces boundaries throughout the village in the River Test system The bridge donations, fund raising events box close to the retirement from encroachment, particularly the Green with its important leisure role. Designated Important including hedges, brick, brick and on Amport Road is brick built, and interest free loans from bungalows at Sunnybank Opens Spaces, Important Woodland and water flint, tile or thatch topped cob single arched and much parishioners. The village is served by two meadows should be safeguarded. walls, open fences, high hedges of photographed and painted from The origins of the Black Swan roofed bus shelters, one close to • The health of the Pillhill Brook should be a privet, fir and mixed plantings. In the Green. The double arched (‘Black’ was added in the 19th the Green and the second at priority in considering any development which general the boundaries fit in with bridge in Andover Road, with century) were around 1600. A Sunnybank. They both have might adversely affect wild brown trout in the Andover Road bridge. the well cared for style of Monxton. handsome brick buttresses, barn and stables were also erected. notice boards. managed habitat system of the River Test.

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BUILDINGS & MATERIALS Right: Bec House. Far right: Monxton Manor.

On coming into Monxton from any direction the impression is of old cottages mingled with more modern houses. A third of the 118 houses in the parish are listed Grade II, many dating from the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries. With one exception, all are in the Monxton Conservation Area. Very few of the older houses have footings. There are numerous white painted, thatched cottages in the village giving it much of its distinctive character. Cob boundary walls are a special feature of the village and are capped with tiles, thatch or slate.

Monxton Mill. Hutchens Cottage, formerly a farmhouse, overlooking the High Street. Both end walls have flint horizontal panels in brickwork.

St Mary’s Church built 1853. 18th century near the previous The name of the house was Field House. farmhouse, which was known as changed in 1959 to link it with Most of the newer houses were Distinctive Buildings The Court. The Manor was extended the Abbey of Bec-Hellouin in built after World War 2. In the main, The Norman church of All Hallows in the 19th century. It is likely that Normandy. either by their design and materials was rebuilt in 1853 as St Mary’s there have been farm buildings on Monxton Mill, at the eastern or their siting, they give an Church. The walls are flint and the site since medieval times. end of the High Street, ceased to impression of a living village limestone blocks, some of which On the opposite side of the be a working mill between the which has evolved sensitively into were salvaged from the previous road is Bec House, built as the World Wars. For at least 900 years the 21st century. This pleasant building along with the chancel Rectory in 1796, and home for a before then it had been grinding effect is enhanced by spacious pillars and their capitals. The roof succession of rectors until 1944. the local corn. In the mid-1930s gardens and trees. The village is is tiled. but at the west end the It is an elegant house built in the mill and the miller’s cottage particularly well wooded with bell stage and small octagonal Flemish Bond, like the Manor. were sold as an entity. The Old Farm House is the only three storied thatched house. It has a mature hedges and trees, which spire are both shingled. Close by is A courtyard is formed by an The internal workings of the single dormer, with tiled apron and eyebrow eaves . almost hide some houses, Monxton Manor. It is a handsome early 19th century coach house mill were removed and one of the contributing to its atmosphere three storied house, probably built with stables and an earlier central millstones has been built into

The School built in 1847. It is now part of School House, Amport Road. of tranquillity. during the first half of the block with a hipped thatch roof. the roadside wall.

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Right: Brewery BUILDINGS & MATERIALS continued House, formerly Right: Rectory Cottage, Amport Road. the Bush Inn. Late 18th century thatched cob cottage with single storey Below: thatched extension. Manor Farm.

Right: Hals Croft, Abbotts Ann Road. Built 17th century with cob over flint base, some exposed frame and eyebrow dormers.

Fourways Cottage, at the crossroads; mid 18th century with half hipped roof and cat slide at rear.

Design Guidelines To maintain the distinctive appeal of Monxton, ancient and modern, in its rural location: • in the cases of new developments, effort should be made to ensure that they do not dominate the locality and should be blended sympathetically Corner Cottage, Amport Road. Little Prospect Farmhouse. with nearby dwellings in respect of scale, Built 17th century. Raised eyebrow eaves over upper windows and Garden Cottage. materials and design. lowered over porch. • smaller houses are preferred and care should be joined Thatched roofs are usually Restorations and In Chalkpit Lane in the year Manor Farm dates back as a taken to ensure that low rooflines are achieved.

Little Cottage, Andover Road. Formerly two 18th century cottages, made from long straw or combed Newer Houses 2000 fire destroyed Garden barn from around 1875. The sympa- Well proportioned dormer windows can be with eyebrow dormers. wheat reed; they tend to be either Restorations Cottage, a dwelling converted thetic conversion of two barns to a effective in achieving this. Old Cottages hipped or half hipped, with eaves Brewery House in Green Lane, from a stable. A white painted, farm house was completed in 1992. • extensions should complement the existing building using materials which harmonise with those The largest concentration of together and extended. Although raised over upper windows but originally The Bush Inn, was built thatched house was rebuilt on the The front of the barn has been originally used. Wall heights and fenestration thatched cottages is at the centre the cottages along the High Street lowered over porches, eyebrow around 1590. It was partially same site in 2002. The main factor rebuilt with local bricks and flint. should relate closely to the existing dwelling both of the village. The three at the lack a pavement, they have the dormers, exposed frames in upper destroyed by fire in 1703 and was influencing the design of this 21st Reclaimed slates were used for in materials and style. Roof extensions should be crossroads were built in the mid benefit of gardens going down to gables, and cat slides. Unpainted rebuilt in 1705. The surviving part century cottage was the close the roof. The positioning of windows in the same material as the existing roof. 18th century, but the white painted the bank of the Pillhill Brook. cottages with walls of flint and of The Bush Inn now forms about proximity of the 16th century remains unaltered and original • if thatch is used, hipped roofs and raised cottages along the north side of Many of the older properties brick are built in a number of one third of Brewery House. cottage, Dingley Dell. beams have been retained. In 1997 eaves are traditional and should be considered in designs. the High Street are probably a have interesting architectural different styles: for instance During restoration work in Constructed of modern the building was judged to be an • the incorporation of flint in walls should be century older. 16th and 17th features. The majority of the horizontal flint panels with 2002, the remains of severely materials, Garden Cottage was outstanding example of converting considered; locally made bricks in mixed mellow century cottages tend to be house walls are constructed either brickwork. charred beams were found in the designed to be similar in size and redundant farm buildings to a farm tones should be used. Other possibilities to be scattered throughout the village. of cob on flint bases or brick and Mellow red bricks have been part of the house which had scale to the nearby cottage. house and received an architectural thought of include white or cream painted Most cottages now comprise flint. A few cottages with slate or used with occasional blue bricks been the old Inn. Also discovered This has resulted in a house of award from the Country Land and rendered walls. two or three former cottages which tile roofs are as originally built, forming patterns when used with were original brick, flint, cob, and charm and character enhancing Business Association’s (known as • roofs of thatch or slate are traditional but tiles have been renovated, joined but some have been tiled after fire. flint or with only brick. wattle and daub construction. its location. the ‘CLA’) Buildings Award Scheme. could be used and should be in mellow tones.

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Right: Jevron, Andover Road. BUILDINGS & MATERIALS continued Below: Morrells Farm: house at Prospect built traditionally with local flint and brick.

Right: Spinney Hill, Broad Lane. Below Left: Pillhill Lodge built at lower level than the road on Green Lane. Below Right: Burnside, Chalkpit Lane: roof-line kept low with dormer windows. Lower: Retirement bungalows, Sunnyside.

incompatible with large vehicles. windows so do not obtrude on The new dwellings in Green Lane the countryside. There are four are mostly sited below road level bungalows, all set well back from apart from two which are raised the road. on a bank. Prospect. The area is a mile Only seven new dwellings and a half south of the main were built in the 1990s and the settlement in Broad Road, with beginning of the 21st century. eight houses and several small Newer Houses For the most part, these houses businesses. Apart from two early Cambridge Cottage on Andover have been sited so that their scale 19th century dwellings all the Road is the oldest of the modern and design have allowed them to houses were built in the later part houses in Monxton. It was built by blend into their individual locations. of the 20th century. To the right King’s College in the early 20th This is of paramount importance off Broad Road is a lane with century, less than twenty years in preserving the character and small businesses, together with This aerial photograph demonstrates particularly well the wooded nature of Monxton. before the College sold its entire personality of the village. Morrells Farm, a dormer estate in the parish. Seventy-six Sunnybank. To the east a windowed brick and flint house

houses have been built since then. Cambridge Cottage, Andover Road. terrace of six retirement bungalows with design characteristics Most of the newer houses was built in 1961 when the name particularly sympathetic to were built post 1945. In Broad Substantial brick houses and Sunnybank was first used. In 1967 Monxton in both scale and style. Road the new properties are bungalows have been built on one Andover Rural District Council Prospect Farm is further south on mainly built on the west side of side of Chalkpit Lane. They are set built eighteen houses for people Broad Road with its contemporary the road and range through back from the road, secluded in from local parishes. They have farm buildings. Those no longer bungalows, semi-detached houses well spaced gardens with mature varying sized gardens pleasantly used for farming purposes house and detached houses, all in a trees and boundaries of hedge or arranged around a close. small businesses associated with variety of styles. brick. Chalkpit Lane is narrow and The houses all have dormer agriculture.

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