DOCSLIB.ORG

Field Methods for Conservation and Policy-Making

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Field Methods for Conservation and Policy-Making FIELD METHODS FOR CONSERVATION AND POLICY-MAKING VIEW FROM THE BANGGAI IS., SULAWESI, INDONESIA outline • Research … Outreach • knowledge-based policy making • warning: highly local • small islands, decentralized, endemism Togean Is. (to the north) Eastern peninsula, Sulawesi Banggai Is. (to the south) Peleng I, of the Banggai Is. Notes: •Dark green = primary forests •Lighter green= secondary forests Species Global conservation Local status c status b Pearl Oyesters, including Pinctada margaritifera Commercially threatened Present Giant clams, including Tridacna gigas Vulnerable Common in 1991 Coconut crab Birgos latro Data deficient Relatively common in 1991 * Banggai Cardinalfish Pteropogon kauderni --- Relatively common At least two species of chelonid turtles, Endangered Present Chelonia mydas and Eretmochelys imbricate o Sula Megapode Megapodius bernsteinii Near threatened Common but declining Bald-faced Rail Gymnocrex rosenbergii Vulnerable Present o Slaty Cuckoo-shrike Coracina schistacea --- Present Nicobar Pigeon Caloenas nicobarica Near threatened Present # Banggai Crow Corvus unicolor Critically Endangered Restricted to western half of Peleng I. o Helmeted Myna Basilornis galeatus Near threatened Common o Henna-tailed Jungle Flycatcher Rhynomias Near threatened Present colonus Red-backed Thrush Zoothera mendeni Proposed to be ‘Near Unknown threatened’ # Peleng Island Cuscus Strigocuscus --- Relatively common pelingensis # Sulawesi tarsier Tarsius spectrum pelingensis --- Common Dugong Dugon dugon Vulnerable Present rich in marine biodiversity Photo: A. Vagelli Includes a mouth brooding endemic species, Pterapogon kauderni a.k.a. the Banggai Cardinal Fish Fishes from the forests …. Critically endangered Banggai Crow • Discovered (109 years ago), – never seen alive by ornithologists hitherto • 1991 – archipelago-wide searches, a small brownish crow, in moss forest, at c. 600 – 700 m a.s.l. , quite wild • Confirmed (2004,’06,’07, ‘08) Photo: F. Masala – the island’s western par only – primarily, a forest bird, lower montane to sub-alpine – on the altitudinal range of 500 – 900 m.a.s.l. – only in 3 sub-districts (Buko, Bulagi, Liang) – specimens, photos, and sound recording for sonograph analysis • A true point endemic – Re-characterization: good species Leap of faith of the unconverted Drawing Agus Prijono GOAL { Developing local capacities { z communities and government z conservation and sustainable development Photo: Frangky Masala ObjectivesObjectives Community conserved areas – Especially sacred places in the forests sacresacredd places = ‘old religion’ Conservation, in exchange for agricultural iimprovementmprovement – improved livelihoods assistance – the study tours were paid for by the “Kuyak” Banggai Crow’ District spatial planning Culture Photos: Frangky Masala a crucial ancillary that should be considered for conservation and sustainable development. Culture of nature (Lowe 1999) people: physical, socio-cultural landscapes and seascapes ‘nature’ becoming artifact of culture Approaches • ‘science’; indigenous knowledge • Anthropology: participants’ observations, FGDs, SsI • Trade off – Agricultural technical assistance (training, from farmer to farmer) • to alleviate shifting cultivation – Shared learning: Ecotourism study tour to Tangkoko, ‘vertebrates are not mere fishes from the forests’ – Hooking up district governments with more advanced district governments and int’l development agencies • Engaging the district government – enabling policies ActivitiesActivities PublicPublic discussionsdiscussions inin thethe villagesvillages StudyStudy tourtour – Creating the demand – of what might have been Ecotourism vs. bushmeat Sustainable agriculture vs. Shifting cultivation ActivitiesActivities EngagingEngaging withwith thethe districtdistrict governmentgovernment ––SpatialSpatial plansplans ––CommunityCommunity protectedprotected areasareas EngagingEngaging withwith thethe centralcentral (and(and provincial)provincial) government(sgovernment(s)) MediaMedia pressurepressure TheThe initialinitial roadroad show:show: PublicPublic discussionsdiscussions inin situsitu over four different forested villages More than 200 people were talked to religious networks (suspended impacts) continuing the campaign, through the years suspended impacts locally devised conservation slogans “sodiyo tomisi Kuyak na madaang doi togong Peleng” (let the Kuyak be abundant in Peleng). Photos: Simson Katiandag EcotourismEcotourism StudyStudy TourTour ((TangkokoTangkoko)) Ecotourists in Tangkoko Nature Reserve Photos: Frangky Masala Direct observations interactions Study tour: Discussions Photo: Frangky Masala studystudy tour:tour: whatwhat thethe islandersislanders saysay “… as if the tarsiers were holding festivities, and humans came endlessly from all over the world to attend the festival…” Mrs. Dorkas See, the Head of Village of Alul Photo: Frangky Masala “… it is amazing that an animal as small as tarsiers could elicite so much flow of (tourism) dollars…”. Mr. Un Madus, farmer and hunter, Tetendeng village studystudy tour:tour: whatwhat thethe islandersislanders saysay • “… even if the (Tangkoko) guides lacked formal education, they can learn foreign languages (especially English) and lead the visitor groups …‘ Mr. Labi Mopook, farmer, Ginggiok sub-village “…(Mr. Henry Palamia, local elder) taught us how to fight for the good of environment, for the common people, and not merely expecting outside assistance.. ” Mr. Reverend Ayub Maleso, Head of village legislature, Tetendeng village StudyStudy tourtour Photos: Frangky Masala focused group discussion (FGD) on the economic benefits of conservation, featuring • a local ecotourism leader, • an international primate researcher, • and one int’ television programme BorderlessBorderless learninglearning farmers and hunters presenting local perspectives in university discussion Photo: Frangky Masala the spirit of enterprise: formal institutions are not the only sources of knowledge; forest dwellers are also sources of wisdom and knowledge AgriculturalAgricultural studystudy tourtour ((TomohonTomohon),), northnorth SulawesiSulawesi Farmer to farmer: Learning from the local practicians in collaboration with Yayasan Masarang Foundation Photo: Frangky Masala Tomohon Association of Sugar Palm Growers AgriculturalAgricultural studystudy tourtour ((TomohonTomohon)) For the first time, the islanders learn about •‘bedeng’ (terracering) • fertilizing the soils •diversification and management of crops •in lieu with seasonality, maintaining productivity of soils •marketing and pricing •cooperatives, and the organization of farmers Photo: Frangky Masala NonNon--woodwood forestforest productsproducts International citizens are likely to purchase handicrafts from the Banggai Islands. Practically no islanders have ever seen nor hold a US Dollar currency before Photos: Frangky Masala Non-wood forest products, marketing Heliconia and other pot-plants already found an international market in Europe BioprospectingBioprospecting opportunitiesopportunities Photos: Frangky Masala applying the pressure NationalNational MediaMedia campaigncampaign rediscovery of Banggai Crow applying the pressure LocalLocal MediaMedia campaigncampaign agriculturalagricultural studystudy tourtour ‘C. Sulawesi farmers trained ‘Banggai Islands farmers in Tomohon ‘ trained in Tomohon’ Engaging district government report to the Regent • ten-page letter, cc 9 representations of government agencies and community members, in Bahasa Indonesia response from the district government • dated 25 July 2007; number: 500/02.15/ Bag. Ekon/ 2007, • signed by the District Assistant of Economics and Development • acknowledging the importance of environment development and ecotourism request for assistance from the district government • dated 31 Jan. 2008; number 500/3583/Bag. Ekon/2007, • signed by the Vice-Regent • to seek structural model for establishment of District Environmental Agency Engaging the provincial government from this study report, the Head of Provincial Conservation Agency, 10 December 1998, issued a circular (367/BKSDA VI-1/1998), outlining proposals to protect endemic fauna in Central Sulawesi especially those in Banggai and Togean Is. In 2004, Togean was declared a national park meetings with the Head of Provincial Conservation Agency (18 July and 13 August 2007); agreements need to create demand and process for establishment of nature reserves in Banggai Islands multiple stakeholder meetings are needed collaborations should aim to establish district spatial plans (currently non-existent), and within the district spatial plans community conserved areas can be established through bottom-up procceses Lessons learned 1.a change, biodiversity conservation in the eye of the local people 2.need assessment: Photo: Frangky Masala minimize assumptions 3.Direct compensations, beyond do no harm (agriculture vs. conservation) Conservation does not stand alone – trade off – from conservation to sustainable development – research to negotiation – field to policy Conclusions •Local government support • especially progressive minds … islands of integrity -Bottom up planning is possible -Species mainstreamed into development -Caveat: for conservation, years of investment A long way ahead VeryVery manymany thanksthanks Bundesamt für Naturschutz The people, village and district government of the Banggai Islands British Birds Nagao NEF Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense YABSHI – Yayasan Bina Sains Hayati Indonesia ZGAP Zoological
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Report on Biodiversity and Tropical Forests in Indonesia
    Report on Biodiversity and Tropical Forests in Indonesia Submitted in accordance with Foreign Assistance Act Sections 118/119 February 20, 2004 Prepared for USAID/Indonesia Jl. Medan Merdeka Selatan No. 3-5 Jakarta 10110 Indonesia Prepared by Steve Rhee, M.E.Sc. Darrell Kitchener, Ph.D. Tim Brown, Ph.D. Reed Merrill, M.Sc. Russ Dilts, Ph.D. Stacey Tighe, Ph.D. Table of Contents Table of Contents............................................................................................................................. i List of Tables .................................................................................................................................. v List of Figures............................................................................................................................... vii Acronyms....................................................................................................................................... ix Executive Summary.................................................................................................................... xvii 1. Introduction............................................................................................................................1- 1 2. Legislative and Institutional Structure Affecting Biological Resources...............................2 - 1 2.1 Government of Indonesia................................................................................................2 - 2 2.1.1 Legislative Basis for Protection and Management of Biodiversity and
    [Show full text]
  • How to Tell the Difference Between Noisy Miners and Indian Mynas
    HOW TO TELL THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN NOISY MINERS AND INDIAN MYNAS A lot of people want to know how to tell a noisy miner from an Indian myna. The Indian myna (also known as the common myna, common mynah or Indian mynah) has earned the reputation of being one of the worst feral animals in Australia. It’s likely that if you live in Sydney, Melbourne, North Queensland or Brisbane, you’re already familiar with it. This little brown bird might look harmless, but the World Conservation Union (IUCN) takes it very seriously. They put it on the list of the 100 most invasive species in the world and describe it as an extreme threat to Australia. Humans don’t get off easily either. Mynas carry bird mites and have the potential to carry avian-borne diseases that are dangerous to people, not to Noisy miner mention the huge amount of droppings they leave under their communal probably take the role of being the other birds to get the best nesting holes. roosting trees. Often gathering at night worst introduced species in Australia). in numbers more than a thousand, In the 1880s there was a locust You can discourage Indian mynas from these raucous birds can take over plague, so Indian mynas were brought your Australian garden by: clumps of trees, especially around in to control them. Of course, the • keeping less open grassed areas in areas where many people go (where mynas didn’t stop the locusts but your garden; they encounter fewer predators), such became another pest themselves.
    [Show full text]
  • New Amendment to Lacey Act Aids in Identification Of
    Sater or Barrington - Int. 2879 I FISH AlJDWILDLIFESERVICE For Release JULY 9# 1954 NJ%!MENDMENT TO LACEXACT AIDS IN IDENTIFICATION OF SPECIESPROELBITED FOR IMPORT Aa an added safeguard against the introduction into the United States of aer- tain unwanted species of wild animals and birds, a new amendment to the Laoey Act has been adopted which clarifies the identification of these species, Secretary of the Interior Douglas McKay announced today. Among the provisions of the Lacey Act, passed on May 25, 1900, was one that prohibited the introduction into this country of certain species of wild animals and birds which might be detrimental to agriculture or horticultures In this provision of the a&, some of the species were actually nsmed, Since then, however, difficulty has bean experienced in making definite identifioation of these species because of the auceptance of revisionary work involving generic names, The new amendment, which specifies by scientific nsme those species that are to be excluded [except for certain specified uses and under rigidly controlled condi- tions mbodied in permits issued by the Fish and Wildlife Service), will not only aid persons planning to import oertain birds and animals, but will ease the work of port-of-entry authorit%es. As stated in the original act, prohibited species include: the mongoose (Herpeates a 0 tatu ); the so-called "flying-foxes" or fruit bats (all species of the Genus*T Ptero tiglish Sparrow (wer domestious); the starling (Sturnus vuJ.aar& ; "and such other birds and animals as the Secretary
    [Show full text]
  • Engelsk Register
    Danske navne på alverdens FUGLE ENGELSK REGISTER 1 Bearbejdning af paginering og sortering af registret er foretaget ved hjælp af Microsoft Excel, hvor det har været nødvendigt at indlede sidehenvisningerne med et bogstav og eventuelt 0 for siderne 1 til 99. Tallet efter bindestregen giver artens rækkefølge på siden.
    [Show full text]
  • Jungle Myna (Acridotheres Fuscus)
    Invasive animal risk assessment Biosecurity Queensland Agriculture Fisheries and Department of Jungle myna Acridotheres fuscus Steve Csurhes First published 2011 Updated 2016 © State of Queensland, 2016. The Queensland Government supports and encourages the dissemination and exchange of its information. The copyright in this publication is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Australia (CC BY) licence. You must keep intact the copyright notice and attribute the State of Queensland as the source of the publication. Note: Some content in this publication may have different licence terms as indicated. For more information on this licence visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/au/ deed.en" http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/au/deed.en Front cover: Jungle myna Photo: Used with permission, Wikimedia Commons. Invasive animal risk assessment: Jungle myna Acridotheres fuscus 2 Contents Summary 4 Introduction 5 Identity and taxonomy 5 Description and biology 5 Diet 5 Reproduction 5 Preferred habitat and climate 6 Native range and global distribution 6 Current distribution and impact in Queensland 6 History as a pest overseas 7 Use 7 Potential distribution and impact in Queensland 7 References 8 Invasive animal risk assessment: Jungle myna Acridotheres fuscus 3 Summary Acridotheres fuscus (jungle myna) is native to an extensive area of India and parts of southeast Asia. Naturalised populations exist in Singapore, Taiwan, Fiji, Western Samoa and elsewhere. In Fiji, the species occasionally causes significant damage to crops of ground nuts, with crop losses of up to 40% recorded. Within its native range (South India), it is not a well documented pest, but occasionally causes considerable (localised) damage to fruit orchards.
    [Show full text]
  • An Update of Wallacels Zoogeographic Regions of the World
    REPORTS To examine the temporal profile of ChC produc- specification of a distinct, and probably the last, 3. G. A. Ascoli et al., Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 9, 557 (2008). tion and their correlation to laminar deployment, cohort in this lineage—the ChCs. 4. J. Szentágothai, M. A. Arbib, Neurosci. Res. Program Bull. 12, 305 (1974). we injected a single pulse of BrdU into pregnant A recent study demonstrated that progeni- CreER 5. P. Somogyi, Brain Res. 136, 345 (1977). Nkx2.1 ;Ai9 females at successive days be- tors below the ventral wall of the lateral ventricle 6. L. Sussel, O. Marin, S. Kimura, J. L. Rubenstein, tween E15 and P1 to label mitotic progenitors, (i.e., VGZ) of human infants give rise to a medial Development 126, 3359 (1999). each paired with a pulse of tamoxifen at E17 to migratory stream destined to the ventral mPFC 7. S. J. Butt et al., Neuron 59, 722 (2008). + 18 8. H. Taniguchi et al., Neuron 71, 995 (2011). label NKX2.1 cells (Fig. 3A). We first quanti- ( ). Despite species differences in the develop- 9. L. Madisen et al., Nat. Neurosci. 13, 133 (2010). fied the fraction of L2 ChCs (identified by mor- mental timing of corticogenesis, this study and 10. J. Szabadics et al., Science 311, 233 (2006). + phology) in mPFC that were also BrdU+. Although our findings raise the possibility that the NKX2.1 11. A. Woodruff, Q. Xu, S. A. Anderson, R. Yuste, Front. there was ChC production by E15, consistent progenitors in VGZ and their extended neurogenesis Neural Circuits 3, 15 (2009).
    [Show full text]
  • Hand-Raising and Rehabilitation of Mynas
    Hand-raising and rehabilitation of mynas Corina Gardner Hill mynas David Lim Introduction Mynas are average sized (about 22-28 cms) passerine birds which belong to the family of starlings, Sturnidea. The term ‘myna’ is commonly used to refer to starlings in India. Mynas are commonly distributed throughout Southern and Eastern Asia. These birds have duller plumage and are more terrestrial compared to other members of the starling family. 1 Rehabber’s Den © 2012 Hand-raising and rehabilitation of mynas Common myna Acridotheres tristis The common myna is widely distributed throughout India and Asia and has also been introduced to many parts of the world. The species lives in woodlands and near human habitations. They have brown plumage, a black head, throat and breast, while the bill and legs are yellow. They also have a distinctive yellow patch behind the eyes. They are omnivorous birds and will scavenge for just about anything including discarded scraps, insects, seeds, grain and fruit. They roost in large trees and build their nests in walls and rooftops of buildings. Common myna Tris Jungle myna Acridotheres fuscus Jungle mynas are found in and around the Indian subcontinent. They have brownish grey plumage, a tuft of feathers on their heads, white patches on their 2 Rehabber’s Den © 2012 Hand-raising and rehabilitation of mynas primaries and a white tipped tail. They typically live in forests, tea plantations and near paddy fields. They are omnivorous birds and their diet often consists of insects, fruit, seeds and even nectar from flowers. Jungle myna Devna Arora Bank myna Acridotheres ginginianus This species of myna is found primarily in the Indian subcontinent.
    [Show full text]
  • 1994 IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals
    The lUCN Species Survival Commission 1994 lUCN Red List of Threatened Animals Compiled by the World Conservation Monitoring Centre PADU - MGs COPY DO NOT REMOVE lUCN The World Conservation Union lo-^2^ 1994 lUCN Red List of Threatened Animals lUCN WORLD CONSERVATION Tile World Conservation Union species susvival commission monitoring centre WWF i Suftanate of Oman 1NYZ5 TTieWlLDUFE CONSERVATION SOCIET'' PEOPLE'S TRISr BirdLife 9h: KX ENIUNGMEDSPEaES INTERNATIONAL fdreningen Chicago Zoulog k.J SnuicTy lUCN - The World Conservation Union lUCN - The World Conservation Union brings together States, government agencies and a diverse range of non-governmental organisations in a unique world partnership: some 770 members in all, spread across 123 countries. - As a union, I UCN exists to serve its members to represent their views on the world stage and to provide them with the concepts, strategies and technical support they need to achieve their goals. Through its six Commissions, lUCN draws together over 5000 expert volunteers in project teams and action groups. A central secretariat coordinates the lUCN Programme and leads initiatives on the conservation and sustainable use of the world's biological diversity and the management of habitats and natural resources, as well as providing a range of services. The Union has helped many countries to prepare National Conservation Strategies, and demonstrates the application of its knowledge through the field projects it supervises. Operations are increasingly decentralised and are carried forward by an expanding network of regional and country offices, located principally in developing countries. I UCN - The World Conservation Union seeks above all to work with its members to achieve development that is sustainable and that provides a lasting Improvement in the quality of life for people all over the world.
    [Show full text]
  • INDIAN MYNA BIRDS Acridotheres Tristis (Starling Family) | Common Names: Indian Myna, Common Myna
    PEST CONTROL EST 1966 PEST FACT SHEET INDIAN MYNA BIRDS Acridotheres tristis (starling family) | Common names: Indian Myna, Common Myna Native habitat: Tropical Southern Asia from Iran to India and Sri Lanka However, the Indian Myna has spread to most of Southeast Asia, and parts of Oceania, North America, South Africa, and the Middle East. Like many Australian pests, the Indian Myna was unsuccessfully introduced into Melbourne in the 1860’s, and then later into Queensland, to keep the insect population down. The Indian Myna is brown with a black head, and has a yellow bill, legs, and bare eye skin. Not to be confused with the native Noisy Miner, which is mostly grey. CUREALLPEST.COM.AU (07) 3349 8572 PEST CONTROL EST 1966 PEST CONTROL EST 1966 PEST FACT SHEET INDIAN MYNA BIRDS Indian Mynas have been voted as Being an One of the World’s The Most Extreme 100 Most Hated Pest Threat Invasive Species in Australia National Vertebrate Pests Committee World Conservation Union ABC Wild Watch Quest for Pests 2005 But, why the hate? Well, Indian Mynas are: • Noisy, territorial, angry birds, and not afraid of humans. • During breeding season, they take over nests made by native birds • They kill the chicks and eggs of other birds • They build superfluous nests during the breeding season, eectively excluding native birds and animals from those nesting sites. CUREALLPEST.COM.AU (07) 3349 8572 PEST CONTROL EST 1966 PEST CONTROL EST 1966 PEST FACT SHEET INDIAN MYNA BIRDS So, what can you do? Here are some tips to keep Indian Mynas away: You could try to implement ...Or, you could just get help from these home-solutions..
    [Show full text]
  • The Distribution and Spread of the Invasive Alien Common Myna, Acridotheres Tristis L
    Research Articles South African Journal of Science 103, November/December 2007 465 The distribution and spread of the invasive alien common myna, Acridotheres tristis L. (Aves: Sturnidae), in southern Africa Derick S. Peacocka, Berndt J. van Rensburga and Mark P. Robertsonb* result of human-induced habitat modification. The deteriora- The common myna is an Asian starling that has become established tion or fragmentation of habitats is not only conducive to alien in many parts of the world outside of its native range due to accidental establishment, but also works synergistically with the negative or deliberate introductions by humans. The South African population effects that the alien species themselves pose to remaining of this species originated from captive birds that escaped in Durban indigenous communities. in 1902. A century later, the common myna has become abundant Apart from the need to understand the processes and patterns throughout much of South Africa and is considered to pose a serious of biological invasions in order to minimize their adverse effects, threat to indigenous biodiversity. Preliminary observations suggest invasions are also of great academic interest because they provide that the common myna’s distribution is closely tied to that of quantifiable, relatively short-term examples of ecological and humans, but empirical evidence for this hypothesis is lacking. biogeographical processes. Owing to the large spatial and long We have investigated the relationships between common myna temporal scales required, experimental manipulations of popu- distribution, human population size and land-transformation values lations and communities for the investigation of, for example, at a quarter-degree resolution in South Africa.
    [Show full text]
  • Sturnidae Tree, Part 1
    Sturnidae (Starlings) I Stripe-headed Rhabdornis, Rhabdornis mystacalis Grand Rhabdornis, Rhabdornis grandis Rhabdornithini Stripe-breasted Rhabdornis, Rhabdornis inornatus Sulawesi Myna, Basilornis celebensis ?Helmeted Myna, Basilornis galeatus ?Long-crested Myna, Basilornis corythaix Apo Myna, Goodfellowia mirandus Coleto, Sarcops calvus Graculinae White-necked Myna, Streptocitta albicollis Bare-eyed Myna, Streptocitta albertinae ?Yellow-faced Myna, Mino dumontii Long-tailed Myna, Mino kreffti Golden Myna, Mino anais Golden-crested Myna, Ampeliceps coronatus Sri Lankan Hill-Myna, Gracula ptilogenys Graculini Common Hill Myna, Gracula religiosa ?Southern Hill Myna, Gracula indica Fiery-browed Myna, Enodes erythrophris Grosbeak Starling, Scissirostrum dubium White-eyed Starling, Aplonis brunneicapillus ?Yellow-eyed Starling, Aplonis mystacea Metallic Starling, Aplonis metallica ?Long-tailed Starling, Aplonis magna Pohnpei Starling, Aplonis pelzelni ?Kosrae Starling, Aplonis corvina Micronesian Starling, Aplonis opaca Brown-winged Starling, Aplonis grandis ?Makira Starling, Aplonis dichroa Singing Starling, Aplonis cantoroides ?Tanimbar Starling, Aplonis crassa Asian Glossy Starling, Aplonis panayensis ?Moluccan Starling, Aplonis mysolensis Short-tailed Starling, Aplonis minor ?Atoll Starling, Aplonis feadensis Rennell Starling, Aplonis insularis ?Rusty-winged Starling, Aplonis zelandica ?Striated Starling, Aplonis striata ?Mountain Starling, Aplonis santovestris Polynesian Starling, Aplonis tabuensis ?Samoan Starling, Aplonis atrifusca Rarotonga Starling, Aplonis cinerascens ?Mauke Starling, Aplonis mavornata ?Tasman Starling, Aplonis fusca Sturnini Cinnyricinclini Sturninae Onychognathini Lamprotornini Sources: Lovette and Rubenstein (2007)..
    [Show full text]
  • Corvidae Species Tree
    Corvidae I Red-billed Chough, Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax Pyrrhocoracinae =Pyrrhocorax Alpine Chough, Pyrrhocorax graculus Ratchet-tailed Treepie, Temnurus temnurus Temnurus Black Magpie, Platysmurus leucopterus Platysmurus Racket-tailed Treepie, Crypsirina temia Crypsirina Hooded Treepie, Crypsirina cucullata Rufous Treepie, Dendrocitta vagabunda Crypsirininae ?Sumatran Treepie, Dendrocitta occipitalis ?Bornean Treepie, Dendrocitta cinerascens Gray Treepie, Dendrocitta formosae Dendrocitta ?White-bellied Treepie, Dendrocitta leucogastra Collared Treepie, Dendrocitta frontalis ?Andaman Treepie, Dendrocitta bayleii ?Common Green-Magpie, Cissa chinensis ?Indochinese Green-Magpie, Cissa hypoleuca Cissa ?Bornean Green-Magpie, Cissa jefferyi ?Javan Green-Magpie, Cissa thalassina Cissinae ?Sri Lanka Blue-Magpie, Urocissa ornata ?White-winged Magpie, Urocissa whiteheadi Urocissa Red-billed Blue-Magpie, Urocissa erythroryncha Yellow-billed Blue-Magpie, Urocissa flavirostris Taiwan Blue-Magpie, Urocissa caerulea Azure-winged Magpie, Cyanopica cyanus Cyanopica Iberian Magpie, Cyanopica cooki Siberian Jay, Perisoreus infaustus Perisoreinae Sichuan Jay, Perisoreus internigrans Perisoreus Gray Jay, Perisoreus canadensis White-throated Jay, Cyanolyca mirabilis Dwarf Jay, Cyanolyca nanus Black-throated Jay, Cyanolyca pumilo Silvery-throated Jay, Cyanolyca argentigula Cyanolyca Azure-hooded Jay, Cyanolyca cucullata Beautiful Jay, Cyanolyca pulchra Black-collared Jay, Cyanolyca armillata Turquoise Jay, Cyanolyca turcosa White-collared Jay, Cyanolyca viridicyanus
    [Show full text]