Sadako and the Thousand Paper Cranes A Web Quest for Grades 3-5 By: Pat Duhon Updated by Adam Travis, Nazareth College, Rochester, NY (2008)

Sadako and the Thousand Paper Cranes by Eleanor Coerr is a true story about a girl who lived in toward the end of World War II. This webquest is designed to introduce you to Sadako Sasaki and her country of Japan. Find out why Sadako is a heroine to the children of Japan.

The Task Before reading the book work with a partner to: • Discover interesting facts about Japan. • Make a chart comparing life in the United States to life in Japan. • Make a time line of events related to Sadako Sasaki. • Learn about when and where the atomic bombs were dropped. • Learn about the art of origami.

The Process 1. Sadako lived in , Japan. Read about the country of Japan: • Nature and Climate • Regions of Japan • Locate Hiroshima on a Map of Japan. Click on the Chugoku region (purple) and make a list of four special characteristics of this region.

2. Read about Daily Life and Schools in Japan (including the Q & A) section. Think about how life in the United States compares to life in Japan. Make a chart listing the similarities and differences in the following categories: • Housing • Food • Dress • Schools

3. Create a time line. Include the dates of the following important events: • Japan bombs Pearl Harbor. US declares War on Japan. • Atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima • Sadako born. (You will need to do a little math.) • Sadako died. • Unveiling of Sadako statue in Hiroshima Peace Park. • Unveiling of Statue of Sadako Sasaki in Seattle Peace Park.

Use the following resources to find information to complete your timeline: • The Sadako Story and Seattle Sadako Statue • Attack on Pearl Harbor

4. The United States used the atomic bomb to end the war. Write a paragraph about the bombs that were dropped. Include the following information: • Name of the target cities. • How many people died in each city? • Who or what was the Enola Gay? • Who or what was “Little Boy”? • Who or what was “Fat Man?

Use the following resources to find information for your paragraph: • Find out when and where the bombs were dropped. • Visit the Hiroshima Peace Memorial Museum

5. What is origami? Ask your teacher for the materials and fold a paper crane.

Evaluation When you have finished with the activities ask yourself these questions: 1. Did you list four characteristics of the Chugoku region of Japan? 2. Does your chart comparing Japan to the U.S. include similarities and differences in the categories of: housing, food, dress, and schools? 3. Does your paragraph about the atomic bombs include information on the targeted cities, how many people died in each city, the Enola Gay, Little Boy and Fat Boy? 4. Were you able to follow directions to fold a paper crane?

Conclusion You have explored the land, culture, and history of Japan. As you read the book, Sadako and the Thousand Paper Cranes by Eleanor Coerr, think about how you feel about how you feel about war. Nature and Climate - Explore Japan - Kids Web Japan - Web Japan

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Explore Japan ● What's Cool Nature ● Virtual Culture

● Folk Legends and

● Games The landClimate area of Japan is 378,000 square SPRING ● Quiz kilometers, which is one twenty-fifth that of the

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Learn one-twentieth that of Australia, and 1.5 times that of Britain. Three-quarters of the country is mountainous, with plains and basins covering ● Explore Japan the remaining area. Japan consists of a long

● Manga series of islands stretching for 3,000 kilometers (Shizuoka Prefecture) ● Hi-tech from north to south. The four main islands are

● Language Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyushu.

Try Japan is surrounded by sea. Warm and cold currents flow through the seas around it, creating an environment that supports a variety ● Travel of fish species. ● Meet the Kids (JNTO) ● Cookbook Most of Japan is in the Northern Temperate

● Kids TV Zone of the earth and has a humid monsoon SUMMER climate, with southeasterly winds blowing from the Pacific Ocean during the summer and ● Archives northwesterly winds blowing from the Eurasian continent in the winter. User Services

● User Guide The country has four well-defined seasons. Two of the most beautiful sights in Japan are ● FAQ (Nandan Town) the cherry blossoms in spring and the vibrant ● Feedback reds, oranges, and yellows of the autumn ● Greeting Cards leaves. The Japanese people enjoy these ● Links signs of the changing seasons and track their progress with weather reports, which feature Site Info maps showing where the spring blossoms and

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● About This Site autumn leaves are at their best. The far north

● Site Map and south of Japan have very different climates. In March, for example, you can go ● Mail Us sunbathing in the south and skiing in the north! ● Privacy Policy

● Disclaimer The country often suffers such serious natural disasters as typhoons, volcanic eruptions, and

earthquakes. Although these disasters can (Shizuoka Prefecture) claim many lives, as in the Kobe Earthquake of AUTUMN January 1995 and the Niigata-Chuetsu Earthquake of October 2004, the Japanese have been working hard for years to minimize their damage. Japan uses state-of-the-art technologies to design quake-resistant structures and to track storms with greater precision.

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● Feedback Japan has 47 prefectures. On the basis of geographical and historical ● Greeting Cards background, these prefectures can be divided into nine regions: Hokkaido, ● Links Tohoku, Kanto, Chubu, Kinki, Chugoku, Shikoku, Kyushu, and Okinawa.

Site Info Each region has its own dialect, customs, and unique traditional culture. For

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● About This Site example, the Kanto region, which includes Tokyo, and the Kansai region, which

● Site Map includes Osaka, offer striking contrasts in everything from the taste of food to the style of traditional performing arts, and people have fun comparing them. ● Mail Us

● Privacy Policy Japan has a total population of 127 million. This is the tenth highest population in ● Disclaimer the world. Since the population is high compared with the country's land area, the population density is high at 342 persons per square kilometer. This figure is much higher than the United States (29) and France (107) but about the same as Belgium (333).

Mountainous areas account for more than 70% of Japan's land, so major cities are concentrated in the plains that account for less than 30% of the land. Cities with a population exceeding one million are Sapporo in Hokkaido; Sendai in the Tohoku region; Kawasaki, Saitama, Tokyo, and Yokohama in the Kanto region; Nagoya in the Chubu region; Osaka, Kyoto, and Kobe in the Kinki region; Hiroshima in the Chugoku region; and Fukuoka in Kyushu. The capital city Tokyo, needless to say, is the hub of Japan. Other major cities fulfill roles as the political, economic, and cultural hubs of their respective regions.

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http://web-japan.org/kidsweb/explore/regions/index.html (2 of 2) [06-May-08 17:17:12] Chugoku - Regions - Explore Japan - Kids Web Japan - Web Japan

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● Travel Hiroshima ● Meet the Kids In 1945 Hiroshima became the first city ● Cookbook in the world to have an atomic bomb ● Kids TV dropped on it, but it has recovered to become one of Japan's major cities.

● Archives Miyajima, an island near Hiroshima, is home to Itsukushima Shrine, whose

User Services famous torii (shrine gateway) sticks out of the sea at high tide. The shrine is a (JNTO) ● User Guide World Heritage site. ● FAQ

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● Folk Legends of ● Games Q. WhatJapan special characteristics does the Chugoku region have? ● Quiz

● Gallery A. With a population of around 7.8 million, Learn the Chugoku region occupies the western tip of Honshu. Two of its five

● Explore Japan prefectures, Okayama and Hiroshima,

● Manga face the Seto Inland Sea that separates Honshu from the island of Shikoku, while ● Hi-tech another two, Tottori and Shimane, are on ● Language the Sea of Japan side. Yamaguchi, at the Try very tip of Honshu, faces both seas.

The Seto Inland Sea is the largest body of water separating the main islands. ● Travel Dotted with many islands, it is noted for its scenic beauty. But belts of industry, ● Meet the Kids including petrochemicals and steelmaking, have developed along its coast. In ● Cookbook 1945 Hiroshima was destroyed when it became the first city in the world to suffer

● Kids TV an atomic bombing, but now the city has rebuilt itself and has become the center of economic activity in the Chugoku region.

● Archives The region is divided along its length by the Chugoku mountains, which support agriculture, forestry, and cattle-rearing. But there is not enough work for young User Services people in these areas, which suffer from serious depopulation. Along the Sea of ● User Guide Japan side, there are plains with thriving rice and fruit cultivation. Some areas of

● FAQ its coast are characterized by dunes.

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http://web-japan.org/kidsweb/explore/regions/q7.html (1 of 2) [06-May-08 17:18:51] Housing, Food, and Clothes - Explore Japan - Kids Web Japan - Web Japan

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● What's Cool Housing, ● Virtual Culture Food,

● Folk Legends and Clothes ● Games Lifestyles in Japan changed dramatically after World War II, when large numbers ● Quiz of people moved from the countryside to the cities to make their livings as office

● Gallery workers. As cities grew in both size and population, more and more people

Learn commuted from their apartments or houses in the suburbs to their workplaces in central areas. While a traditional Japanese household consists of three or more generations of the same family living under one roof, urban households today ● Explore Japan tend to consist of parents and children, with grandparents living elsewhere.

● Manga Housing ● Hi-tech

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Try of wood and supported by wooden pillars, but today's homes usually have Western-style rooms with wooden ● Travel flooring and are often constructed with ● Meet the Kids steel pillars. More and more families in

● Cookbook urban areas, moreover, live in large,

● Kids TV ferroconcrete apartment buildings. A Japanese-style room with a tatami floor Two big differences with Western (Misawa Homes Co.) ● Archives homes are that shoes are not worn inside the house and that at least one room tends to be designed in the Japanese style with a tatami floor. Shoes are taken User Services off when entering a house to keep the floor clean. The genkan, or entrance,

● User Guide serves as a place for removing, storing, and putting on shoes. People tend to put

● FAQ on slippers for indoor use as soon as they have taken off their shoes.

● Feedback Tatami are mats made of a thick base of straw and have been used in Japanese ● Greeting Cards homes since about 600 years ago. A single tatami usually measures 1.91 by 0.95 ● Links meters, and room sizes are often measured in terms of the number of tatami mats. A tatami floor is cool in the summer and warm in the winter, and remains Site Info fresher than carpet during Japan's humid months.

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● About This Site Food ● Site Map

● Mail Us The word for "meal" in Japanese is

● Privacy Policy gohan. This word actually refers to

● Disclaimer steamed rice, but rice is such an important food to the Japanese that gohan has come to mean all sorts of meals. A traditional Japanese meal consists of a serving of plain, white A traditional Japanese meal (The Japan rice, along with a main dish (fish or Forum) meat), some kind of side dish (often cooked vegetables), soup (often miso soup), and pickled vegetables. Japanese rice is sticky when cooked, making it ideal for eating with chopsticks.

Japanese today eat many dishes from around the world, notably from Europe, North America, and Asia. In addition to Tempura (Hisago) rice, Japanese people eat bread, noodles, and pasta and enjoy a wide array of meats, fishes, vegetables, and fruits. Sushi, tempura, sukiyaki, and other Japanese foods famous abroad are, of course, also popular in Japan.

Cities, in particular, have many fast-food restaurants offering hamburgers and fried chicken, which are especially popular with young people and children. Before eating, Japanese people say "itadakimasu," a polite phrase meaning "I receive this food." This expresses thanks to whoever worked to prepare the meal. After eating, people again express their thanks by saying "gochiso sama deshita," which literally means It was quite a feast."

Clothes

The traditional dress of Japan is the kimono. Kimonos, which are generally made of silk, have large sleeves and reach from the shoulders all the way down to the heels. They are tied with a wide belt called an obi. Kimonos are now usually worn only on special Children wearing casual, everyday clothes occasions, such as the Shichi-Go-San festival, weddings, and graduation ceremonies.

Compared to Western dress, the

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kimono tends to limit one's movement, and it takes more time to put on properly. In the summer, however, a more easily worn, lightweight informal kimono known as a yukata is worn by children and young adults at festivals, fireworks displays, and other special occasions. In everyday life, though, young people tend to prefer clothing that is easier to move around in, like T- Girls dressed in yukata (Azamino Shirayuli shirts, jeans, polo shirts, and sweat Kindergarten) suits.

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dine out, where do they go and what do they eat?

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● Gallery A. The first atomic bomb was dropped by the Learn U.S. military over Hiroshima, a city in southwestern Honshu -- Japan's main

● Explore Japan island -- on August 6, 1945, near the end

● Manga of World War II. So far about 200,000 people have died from this bomb, including ● Hi-tech from its radioactive fallout. ● Language

Try The second atomic bomb was dropped on Nagasaki, a city in Kyushu, three days later on August 9. So far about 110,000 people have died as a result of this bombing. ● Travel

● Meet the Kids Japan, the only country in the world to have suffered from atomic bombings, has

● Cookbook adopted the "three nonnuclear principles" of not manufacturing, not possessing, and not permitting the entry into Japan of nuclear weapons. ● Kids TV

Internationally, Japan is a signatory of the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty (NPT)

● Archives and, as a nonnuclear state, was one of the first countries to sign the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT) adopted by the U.N. General Assembly User Services in September 1996.

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Attack at Pearl Harbor, 1941

The surprise was complete. The attacking planes came in two waves; the first hit its target at 7:53 AM, the second at 8:55. By 9:55 it was all over. By 1:00 PM the carriers that launched the planes from 274 miles off the coast of Oahu were heading back to Japan.

Behind them they left chaos, 2,403 dead, 188 destroyed planes and a crippled Pacific Fleet that included 8 damaged or destroyed battleships. In one stroke the Japanese action silenced the debate that had divided Americans ever since the German defeat of France left England alone in The Japanese the fight against the Nazi terror. launched a total of 353 aircraft in the attack. Approximately three hours later, Japanese planes began a day-long attack on American facilities in the . (Because the islands are located across the International Dateline, the local Philippine time was just after 5 AM on December 8.) Farther to the west, the Japanese struck at Hong Kong, Malaysia and in a coordinated attempt to use surprise in order inflict as much damage as quickly as possible to strategic targets.

Although stunned by the attack at Pearl Harbor, the Pacific Fleet's aircraft carriers, submarines and, most importantly, its fuel oil storage facilities emerged unscathed. These assets formed the foundation for the American response that led to victory at the Battle of Midway the following June and ultimately to the total destruction of the Japanese Empire four years later.

Aboard the USS Arizona

The battleships moored along "Battleship Row" are the primary target of the attack's first wave. Ten minutes after the beginning of the attack a Of the eight battleships damaged bomb crashes through the Arizona's two armored decks igniting its during the attack, six magazine. The explosion rips the ship's sides open like a tin can starting returned to service. a fire that engulfs the entire ship. Within minutes she sinks to the bottom taking 1,300 lives with her. The sunken ship remains as a memorial to those who sacrificed their lives during the attack. Marine Corporal E.C. Nightingale was aboard the Arizona that fateful Sunday morning:

"At approximately eight o'clock on the morning of December 7, 1941, I was leaving the breakfast table when the ship's siren for air defense sounded. Having no anti-aircraft battle station, I paid little attention to it. Suddenly I heard an explosion. I ran to the port door leading to the quarterdeck and saw a bomb strike a barge of some sort alongside the NEVADA, or in that vicinity. The marine color guard came in at this point saying we were being attacked. I could distinctly hear machine gun fire. I believe at this point our anti-aircraft battery opened up.

"We stood around awaiting orders of some kind. General Quarters

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sounded and I started for my battle station in secondary aft. As I passed through casement nine I noted the gun was manned and being trained out. The men seemed extremely calm and collected. I reached the boat deck and our anti-aircraft guns were in full action, firing very rapidly. I was about three quarters of the way to the first platform on the mast when it seemed as though a bomb struck our quarterdeck. I could hear shrapnel or fragments whistling past me. As soon as I reached the first platform, I saw Second Lieutenant Simonson lying on his back with blood on his shirt front. I bent over him and taking him by the shoulders asked if there was anything I could do. He was dead, or so nearly so that speech was impossible. Seeing there was nothing I could do for the Lieutenant, I continued to my battle station.

"When I arrived in secondary aft I reported to Major Shapley that Mr. Five Japanese midget Simonson had been hit and there was nothing to be done for him. There submarines joined in was a lot of talking going on and I shouted for silence which came the attack. None were effective. One was immediately. I had only been there a short time when a terrible found beached after explosion caused the ship to shake violently. I looked at the boat deck the attack making its two-man crew the and everything seemed aflame forward of the mainmast. I reported to first Japanese the Major that the ship was aflame,which was rather needless, and after prisoners of war. looking about, the Major ordered us to leave.

"I was the last man to leave secondary aft because I looked around and there was no one left. I followed the Major down the port side of the tripod mast. The railings, as we ascended, were very hot and as we reached the boat deck I noted that it was torn up and burned. The bodies of the dead were thick, and badly burned men were heading for the quarterdeck, only to fall apparently dead or badly wounded. The Major and I went between No. 3 and No. 4 turret to the starboard side and found Lieutenant Commander Fuqua ordering the men over the side and assisting the wounded. He seemed exceptionally calm and the Major stopped and they talked for a moment. Charred bodies were everywhere.

"I made my way to the quay and started to "I suddenly remove my shoes when I suddenly found myself found myself in the water. I think the concussion of a bomb in the water." threw me in. I started swimming for the pipe line which was about one hundred and fifty feet away. I was about half way when my strength gave out entirely. My clothes and shocked condition sapped my strength, and I was about to go under when Major Shapley started to swim by, and seeing my distress, grasped my shirt and told me to hang to his shoulders while he swam in.

"We were perhaps twenty-five feet from the pipe line when the Major's strength gave out and I saw he was floundering, so I loosened my grip on him and told him to make it alone. He stopped and grabbed me by the shirt and refused to let go. I would have drowned but for the Major. We finally reached the beach where a marine directed us to a bomb shelter, where I was given dry clothes and a place to rest."

References:

2 of 3 06-May-08 16:19 Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki - Wikipedia, the free ency... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiroshima_bombing

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Hiroshima bombing)

The atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki were nuclear attacks at the end of World War II against the Empire of Japan by the United States at the order of U.S. President Harry S. Truman on August 6 and 9, 1945. After six months of intense firebombing of 67 other Japanese cities, the nuclear weapon "Little Boy" was dropped on the city of Hiroshima on Monday[1], August 6, 1945, followed on August 9 by the detonation of the "Fat Man" nuclear bomb over Nagasaki. These are to date the only attacks with nuclear weapons in the history of warfare.[2]

The bombs killed as many as 140,000 people in Hiroshima and 80,000 in Nagasaki by the end of 1945, [3] roughly half on the days of the bombings. Since then, thousands more have died from injuries or illness attributed to exposure to radiation released by the bombs.[1] In both cities, the overwhelming majority of the dead were civilians.

Six days after the detonation over Nagasaki, on August 15, Japan announced its surrender to the Allied Powers, signing the Instrument of Surrender on September 2, officially ending the Pacific War and therefore World War II. (Germany had signed its Instrument of Surrender on May 7, ending the war in Europe.) The bombings led, in part, to post-war Japan adopting Three Non-Nuclear Principles, forbidding that nation from nuclear armament.[4] The mushroom cloud over Hiroshima after the dropping of Little Boy Contents

1 The Manhattan Project 1.1 Choice of targets 2 The Potsdam ultimatum 3 Hiroshima 3.1 Hiroshima during World War II 3.2 The bombing 3.3 Announcement of the bombing in audio 3.4 Japanese realization of the bombing 3.5 Post-attack casualties 3.6 Survival of some structures 4 Events of August 7-9 5 Nagasaki 5.1 Nagasaki during World War II The Fat Man mushroom cloud 5.2 The bombing resulting from the nuclear 6 Plans for more atomic attacks on Japan explosion over Nagasaki rises 18 7 The surrender of Japan and subsequent occupation km (11 mi, 60,000 ft) into the air 8 Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission from the hypocenter. 9 The 9.1 Korean survivors 10 Debate over bombings 11 See also 12 Notes 13 Further reading 13.1 External links

The Manhattan Project

The United States, with assistance from the United Kingdom and Canada,[5] designed and built the first atomic bombs under what was called the Manhattan Project. The scientific research was directed by the American physicist, J. Robert Oppenheimer. The Hiroshima bomb, a gun-type bomb called "Little Boy", was made with uranium-235, a rare isotope of uranium. The atomic bomb was first tested at Trinity Site, on July 16, 1945, near Alamogordo, New Mexico. The test weapon, "the gadget," and the Nagasaki bomb, "Fat Man", were both implosion-type devices made primarily of plutonium-239, a synthetic element.[6]

Choice of targets

The Target Committee at Los Alamos on May 10–11, 1945, recommended Kyoto, Hiroshima, Yokohama, and the arsenal at Kokura as possible targets.

Map showing the locations of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan where the two atomic weapons were employed

Hiroshima was described as "This is an important army depot and port of embarkation in the middle of an urb an industrial area. It is a good radar target and it is such a size that a large part of the city could be extensively damaged. There are adjacent hills which are likely to produce a focussing effect which would considerably increase the blast damage. Due to rivers it is not a good incendiary target." The Target Committee stated that "It was agreed that psychological factors in th e target selection were of great importance. Two aspects of this are (1) obtaining the greatest psychological effect against Japan and (2) making the initial use sufficiently spectacular for the importance of the weapon to be internationally recognized when publicity on it is released. In this respect Kyoto has the advantage of the people being more highly intelligent and hence better able to appreciate the significance of the weapon. Hiroshima has the

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