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Physalacriaceae 23-12-2020 Physalacriaceae 23-12-2020 Jean Werts & Joke De Sutter Physalacriaceae • Alfabetische index • Physalacriaceae genera alfabetisch • Bibliografie Physalacriaceae genera alfabetisch • Armillaria • Honingzwam • Cylindrobasidium • Flammulina • Fluweelpootje • Gloiocephala • Schelpjestaailing • Oudemansiella • Porseleinzwam • Physalacria • Speldenknopje • Rhizomarasmius • Rhodotus • Zalmzwam • Strobilurus • Kegelzwam • Xerula • Wortelzwam Genus Armillaria - Honingzwam • Vruchtlichamen tricholomatoïd; hoed convex, bruinig tot gelig, vezelig tot concentrisch schubbig; ring aanwezig of afwezig; steel slank, taps naar boven en naar onder, subknuppelvormig tot knuppelvormig of (sub)knollig, bruinig tot gelig, met witgele of bruine vlokken of effen; sporenfiguur wit tot okerachtig. Sporen gewoonlijk ellips, zelden breed ellips of oblong, dikwijls oliedruppels bevattend; pleurocystiden afwezig; lamelrand steriel; cheilocystiden bestaande uit 1 – 3 elementen, ellips of smal knuppelvormig tot knuppelvormig, soms met één of meer vertakte of onvertakte projecties; hymenpharaal trama in volwassen vruchtlichamen met brede tot zeer brede centrale zone van regelmatige tot subregelmatige hyfen geflankeerd door nogal brede tot zeer smalle zones van (sub) divergente hyfen; gespen aanwezig of afwezig; rhizomorphen aanwezig of afwezig aan de steelbasis, maar regelmatig ontwikkelend in pure cultuur. Op levend of dood hout van bomen en struiken, zeer zeldzaam op kruiden of op de grond; parasitisch of (in tropische soorten) mycorrhizavormers met orchideeën. • Armillaria foto’s & hyperlinken • Armillaria soorten lage landen Armillaria soorten lage landen Armillaria borealis Noordelijke honingzwam Armillaria cepistipes Bleke knolhoningzwam Armillaria ectypa Moerashoningzwam Armillaria lutea Knolhoningzwam Armillaria mellea Echte honingzwam Armillaria ostoyae Sombere honingzwam Armillaria tabascens Ringloze honingzwam Geslacht Cylindrobasidium • Cylindrobasidium laeve • Donzige korstzwam Genus Flammulina • Flammulina foto’s & hyperlinken • Flammulina soorten lage landen 17-2-2016 Welk fluweelpootje zal het wezen? Flammulina soorten lage landen Flammulina elastica Langsporig fluweelpootje Flammulina fennae Zomerfluweelpootje Flammulina ononides Kattendoornfluweelpootje Flammulina velutipes Gewoon fluweelpootje Genus Gloiocephala - Schelpjestaailing • Gloiocephala menieri • Schelpjestaailing Genus Oudemansiella • Vruchtlichamen collybioïd; hoed glad, gelatineus; lamellen ver uiteen, witachtig; steel centraal, dikwijls gebogen; partiëel velum aanwezig in de vorm van een membraamachtige ring; sporenfiguur wit. Sporen effen, dikwandig, kleurloos, niet amyloïd, cyanofiel; cheilocystiden aanwezig; hymenophoraal trama regelmatig; hoedhuid een onregelmatige ixotrichoderm van slanke, knuppelvormige elementen; pigment afwezig; steelschors monomitisch of zwak ontwikkeld dimitisch; gespen aanwezig. Parasitisch of necrotroof, in groepen of bundels voornamelijk op Beuk. Oudemansiella mucida • Slechts één soort: Porseleinzwam Genus Physalacria • Slechts één soort: Physalacria cryptomeriae Wit speldenknopje Genus Rhizomarasmius • Rhizomarasmius foto’s & hyperlinken • Rhizomarasmius soorten lage landen Rhizomarasmius soorten lage landen • Rhizomarasmius setosus • Tengere beukentaailing • Rhizomarasmius undatus • Adelaarstaailing Genus Rhodotus - Zalmzwam • Vruchtlichaam pleurotoïd; hoed vleeskleurig tot zalm, reticulaat; hoedhuid een hymeniderm van effen elementen; lamellen bijna vrij; steel centraal, excentrisch of lateraal; trame van de steel gelatineus; sporenfiguur okerbruin; sporen subrond, fijn wrattig; cheilocystiden aanwezig; hymenophoraal trama divergent als jong, later +- onregelmatig, sterk gelatineus; geen enkel deel amyloïd. Op loofhout, bij voorkeur Olm. • Slechts één soort wereldwijd: Rhodotus palmatus Zalmzwam Genus Strobilurus - Kegelzwam • Vruchtlichamen collybioïd; hoed droog, glad; lamellen aangehecht tot bijna vrij, wit tot grijzig; steel wortelend met lange pdeudorrhiza; velum afwezig; sporenfiguur wit. Sporen effen, dunwandig, kleurloos, niet amyloïd; cheilo- en pleurocystiden aanwezig, variabel gevormd, dikwijls met hyaline kristalhoed; hymenophoraal trama subregelmatig; hoedhuid hymeniform, bestaande uit effen elementen; pileocystiden aanwezig, lageniform, dikwijls capitaat; steelschors sarcodimitisch; gespen afwezig. Saprotroof, diep wortelend op begraven coniferenappels. • Strobilurus foto’s & hyperlinken • Strobilurus soorten lage landen Strobilurus soorten lage landen Strobilurus esculentus Sparrenkegelzwam Strobilurus stephanocystis Gewone dennenkegelzwam Strobilurus tenacellus Bittere dennenkegelzwam Genus Xerula - Wortelzwam • Vruchtlichamen collybioïd; hoed glad of ruig, droog of kleverig; lamellen aangehecht, sinuaat of subaflopend, nogal ver uiteen, witachtig; steel met tapse wortelende basis, glad of ruig; velum afwezig; sporenfiguur wit. Sporen effen of met grote stekels, dunwandig, kleurloos, niet amyloïd; cheilocystiden fusiform of knuppelvormig; pleurocystiden zoals cheilocystiden; hymenophoraal trama subregelmatig tot onregelmatig; hoedhuid een ixohymeniderm of een hymeniderm; met of zonder setae op hoed en steel; pigment intracellulair en pariëtaal; steelschors sarcodimitisch, bestaande uit brede cilindrische tot fusiforme hyfen en vertakte smalle generatieve hyfen, of monomitisch; gespen aanwezig. Saprotroof of zwak parasitisch (?), verbonden door pseudorhiza met wortels of onderaardse delen van hout, overwegend Beuk. • Xerula foto’s & hyperlinken • Xerula soorten lage landen Xerula soorten lage landen Xerula kuehneri Dwergwortelzwam Xerula pudens Fluwelige wortelzwam Xerula radicata Beukwortelzwam Armillaria borealis Marxm. & Korh. Noordelijke honingzwam Wiepko Lubbers waarneming.nl Armillaria borealis Marxm. & Korh. Noordelijke honingzwam • Hoed: planoconvex, uitspreidend tot vlak, hygrofaan, bij vocht oranjebruin, jong met olijftint, in het centrum donkerbruin vezelig-schubbig, voor de rest met kleine (+- 0,5 mm) lange bruinige concentrisch gerangschikte schubjes. • Steel: slank, taps naar beneden tot iets subknuppelvormig. • Ring: membraanachtig, dik, blijvend, witachtig geel tot bleekgeel. • Elementen van de velumschubben met membranaal pigment. • Gespen: aanwezig, ten minste aan de basis van vele basidiën, gewoonlijk aanwezig in alle weefsels. • Groeit op door hout van vele soorten bomen en struiken, gewoonlijk in dichte clusters. • Noordelijke honingzwam is gastheer voor de Grote bandbreedvoet en de Kleine bandbreedvoet. Armillaria borealis Marxm. & Korh. Noordelijke honingzwam • Groeit op dood hout van allerlei soorten, meestal in dichte bundels. Zeer algemeen in Finland, in de rest van Europa zeldzamer. • Armillaria borealis gelijkt op A. mellea, maar verschilt hiervan door basidiën met gespen en membranaal pigment in de elementen van de schubben van de hoedhuid. Hij verschilt van A. ostoyae door gele (ipv donkerbruine) vlokjes op de steel en de ring en van A. lutea en A. cepistipes door de dichtere en grotere clusters en door een slankere steel. Armillaria borealis Marxm. & Korh. Noordelijke honingzwam 10-7-2013 Noorman onder de Honingzwammen nog niet verdwenen Armillaria cepistipes Velen. Bleke knolhoningzwam Stu’s images wikimedia commons Armillaria cepistipes Velen. Bleke knolhoningzwam • Hoed: 40 – 150 mm doormeter, jong hemisferisch tot convex, later vlak tot infundibuliform, rand jong ingerold en met een vezelig partieel velum aangehecht aan de hoed, oppervlak bij vocht hazelnootbruin tot roodbruin met een donkerder centrum en wat vettig, verblekend bij drogen, hygrofaan, met concentrische zones, lichtbruin naar de rand, crèmeoker naar het centrum, gewoonlijk niet schubbig of alleen met occasionele vezelige schubjes, het centrum met donkerbruine vezelige schubben, jonge nog gesloten vruchtlichamen gewoonlijk donkerbruin, rand sterk doorschijnend gestreept met vezelige resten van het velum er aan hangend. • Vlees: witachtig, bij vocht waterig grijsbruin, dun, geur aangenaam fungoïd, smaak mild, na lange tijd kauwend irriterend. • Lamellen: witachtig met een vleeskleurige tint, roodbruin gevlekt, breed, L = 52 – 80, l + 3 – 6, aangehecht en aflopend, randen iets gezaagd en bruin gevlekt. • Steel: 40 – 100 (-150) x 5 – 15 mm, cilindrisch-conisch, met een ronde knol, oppervlak naar de top warm wit met een vluchtige ringzone bestaande uit witte tot gelige vezeld, beneden de ringzone toenemend vuilcrème met gele tonen, gewoonlijk intens geel naar de basis, in de lengte vezelig zonder vlokjes of zelden een paar, jong solide, oud hol, ellastisch, taai. Armillaria cepistipes Velen. Bleke knolhoningzwam • Rhizomorfen: soms present aan de basis van de vruchtlichamen, gewoonlijk aanwezig in culturen. • Elementen van de schubben met membranaal pigment. • Gespen: tenminste aanwezig aan de basis van talrijke basidiën, gewoonlijk aanwezig in alle weefsels. • Groeit op hardhout, parasitisch of saprofytisch op stammen of wortels, gewoonlijk in clusters, zelden solitair, in de zomer en de herfst. • A. cepistipes heeft alleen een grodijnachtige zeer vluchtige ring, die soms alleen als een vezelige ringzone te zien is. Deze soort staat zeer dicht bij A. lutea, en is er soms niet van de onderscheiden. De hyfencellen van de hoedschubben van A. luteus zijn 38 – 72 ųm lang, gewoonlijk met een aanzienlijk aantal (20 – 55 %) langer dan 60 ųm. De twee anderen van de groep met gespen zijn A. borealis en A. ostoyae die beiden een blijvende membraanachtige tot membraanachtig- vezelige ring hebben. • Armillariasoorten die groeien op hardhout
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