Management Plan for National Marine Park Karaburun-Sazan Final Draft December 2014 Developed by: Management Plan for National Marine Park Karaburun-Sazan December 2014 The Management Plan has been produced based on the Grant Agreement between UNDP Albania and WWF Mediterranean Program from 07/04/2014. Management Plan preparation: Zeljka Rajkovic, WWF Genti Kromidha, INCA Photo credits Cover photo by Zeljka Rajkovic Photos in Figure 17 by INCA and Zeljka Rajkovic Citation Rajkovic Z. and Kromidha G. (2014) Management Plan for National Marine Park Karaburun-Sazan. UNDP, 128 pp. + Annexes. 2 Table of Contents INTRODUCTION 7 SUMMARY 10 BACKGROUND INFORMATION AND DESCRIPTION OF THE KARABURUN-SAZAN MCPA 10 VALUES AND THREATS 10 MCPA VISION, OBJECTIVES AND ACTIVITIES 11 ZONING 13 MONITORING AND EVALUATION OF MANAGEMENT 15 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROTECTED AREA 16 LOCATION, BOUNDARY AND LEGAL STATUS 16 POLICIES AND LEGISLATION 19 INTERNATIONAL LEGISLATION 19 EU LEGISLATION 20 NATIONAL LEGISLATION 20 STAKEHOLDERS 23 ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF STAKEHOLDERS 23 STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT MATRIX 26 DESCRIPTION OF THE PA NATURAL SYSTEM 27 INTRODUCTION 28 GENERAL DESCRIPTION 30 CLIMATE 30 GEOLOGY, TOPOGRAPHY, AND GEOMORPHOLOGY 30 HYDROLOGY, DRAINAGE AND WATER RESOURCES 31 BIODIVERSITY RESOURCES 31 EXISTING PA FACILITIES AND CURRENT VISITOR USE 38 OFFICE AND INFORMATION BOARDS 38 ACCESS AND BEACHES 39 EXCURSION BOATS 40 DIVING 40 SOCIO-ECONOMIC SYSTEM 40 POPULATION AND VILLAGES 40 HOUSEHOLD STRUCTURE 41 EDUCATION 41 EMPLOYMENT 41 MIGRATION 41 RELIGION 41 ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES 41 INFRASTRUCTURE 46 LAND TENURE 47 CURRENT AND FORESEEN GOVERNANCE STRUCTURE 48 CULTURAL LANDSCAPE AND HERITAGE 50 STUDIES AND SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH RELATED TO THE MPA 51 3 EVALUATION OF THE PROTECTED AREA AND ASSESSMENT OF THE INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK 53 ASSESSMENT OF VALUES AND THREATS 53 VALUES 53 THREATS 58 CONCEPTUAL MODELS 63 ASSESSMENT OF THE INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK 68 A VIEW FROM THE INSIDE: WHAT DO LOCAL COMMUNITY AND STAKEHOLDERS SAY? 70 STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT PROCESS 70 INTERVIEWS 72 MANAGEMENT OF THE PROTECTED AREA 78 VISION 78 MANAGEMENT PLAN THEMES, OBJECTIVES AND ACTIVITIES 78 THEME A: BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION 80 THEME B: CULTURAL HERITAGE AND LANDSCAPE 83 THEME C: SUPPORTING THE LOCAL COMMUNITIES AND SUSTAINABLE USE OF NATURAL RESOURCES 85 THEME D: AWARENESS AND EDUCATION 92 THEME E: MANAGEMENT, ADMINISTRATION AND SUSTAINABILITY 96 MANAGEMENT ZONES OF THE NMP KARABURUN-SAZAN 100 GENERAL NOTES 100 DEVELOPMENT OF THE ZONATION PLAN 101 MANAGEMENT ZONES 103 FINANCIAL PLAN 115 FINANCIAL PLAN FOR MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES 115 HUMAN RESOURCES PLAN 123 MONITORING AND EVALUATION OF MANAGEMENT 124 MANAGEMENT PLAN MONITORING 124 MANAGEMENT EFFECTIVENESS EVALUATION 126 REFERENCES / BIBLIOGRAPHY 127 ANNEXES 129 ANNEX 1: MARINE SPECIES OF INTERNATIONAL CONCERN IN KARABURUN-SAZAN AREA THAT ARE LISTED IN THE MOST IMPORTANT CONVENTIONS 130 ANNEX 2: MARINE SPECIES OF NATIONAL CONCERN IN KARABURUN-SAZAN AREA (AFTER ALBANIAN RED LIST 2007) 132 ANNEX 3: SUMMARY OF AREAS PROTECTED FROM FISHING 133 ANNEX 4: MAP OF VALUES AND THREATS 134 ANNEX 5: MAP OF THE NATIONAL MARINE PARK KARABURUN-SAZANI (VALUES, THREATS, ZONES) 135 4 List of Tables TABLE 1: MANAGEMENT THEMES, GOALS AND OBJECTIVES __________________________________________ 11 TABLE 2: ZONES AND REGULATION OF ACTIVITIES _________________________________________________ 14 TABLE 3: INTERNATIONAL LEGISLATION RELEVANT FOR THE NMP KARABURUN-SAZAN ______________________ 19 TABLE 4: LIST OF NATIONAL LEGISLATION RELEVANT FOR THE NMP KARABURUN-SAZAN ____________________ 21 TABLE 5: ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF STAKEHOLDERS ___________________________________________ 23 TABLE 6: MARINE HABITAT TYPES IDENTIFIED IN NMP KARABURUN-SAZAN _______________________________ 33 TABLE 7: INFRASTRUCTURE IN ORIKUM AREA _____________________________________________________ 46 TABLE 8: STUDIES RELATED TO MPAS IN ALBANIA _________________________________________________ 52 TABLE 9: SWOT ANALYSIS FOR BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION ________________________________________ 80 TABLE 10: SWOT ANALYSIS FOR CULTURAL HERITAGE AND LANDSCAPE ________________________________ 83 TABLE 11: SWOT ANALYSIS FOR SUPPORTING THE LOCAL COMMUNITIES AND SUSTAINABLE USE OF NATURAL RESOURCES _________________________________________________________________________ 86 TABLE 12: SWOT ANALYSIS FOR AWARENESS AND EDUCATION ______________________________________ 92 TABLE 13: SWOT ANALYSIS FOR MANAGEMENT, ADMINISTRATION AND SUSTAINABILITY ____________________ 96 TABLE 14: ZONE COVERAGE AND MARKING OF DIFFERENT ZONES IN MAPS _____________________________ 104 TABLE 15: ZONES AND REGULATION OF ACTIVITIES _______________________________________________ 113 TABLE 16: TOTAL FINANCIAL RESOURCES FOR MANAGEMENT PLAN IMPLEMENTATION ____________________ 115 TABLE 17: COST OF MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES PER THEME __________________________________________ 116 TABLE 18: COST OF MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES PER PRIORITIES _______________________________________ 116 TABLE 19: COST OF MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES PER MANAGEMENT APPROACHES ________________________ 117 TABLE 20: FINANCIAL RESOURCES FOR MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES (10 YEARS) ___________________________ 118 TABLE 21: HUMAN RESOURCES PLAN _________________________________________________________ 123 TABLE 22: MANAGEMENT PLAN IMPLEMENTATION MONITORING ACTIVITIES ____________________________ 125 List of Figures FIGURE 1: MAP OF THE KARABURUN-SAZAN MPA ________________________________________________ 10 FIGURE 2: ZONING MAP OF THE NATIONAL MARINE PARK KARABURUN-SAZAN __________________________ 13 FIGURE 3: MAP OF PROTECTED AREAS _________________________________________________________ 16 FIGURE 4: MAP OF THE KARABURUN-SAZAN MPA ________________________________________________ 18 FIGURE 5: STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT MATRIX __________________________________________________ 27 FIGURE 6: HABITAT MAP OF THE NMP KARABURUN-SAZANI _________________________________________ 36 FIGURE 7: : NMP INFORMATION BOARD _______________________________________________________ 39 FIGURE 8: PROPOSED MANAGEMENT ADMINISTRATION FOR NMP KARABURUN-SAZAN ___________________ 50 FIGURE 9: RANKING OF VALUES ______________________________________________________________ 56 FIGURE 10: MAP OF VALUES _________________________________________________________________ 57 FIGURE 11: RANKING OF THREATS _____________________________________________________________ 61 FIGURE 12: MAP OF THREATS ________________________________________________________________ 62 FIGURE 13: CONCEPTUAL MODEL FOR BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION __________________________________ 64 FIGURE 14: CONCEPTUAL MODEL FOR CULTURAL AND HISTORICAL HERITAGE ____________________________ 65 FIGURE 15: CONCEPTUAL MODEL FOR LOCAL FISHERIES ____________________________________________ 66 FIGURE 16: CONCEPTUAL MODEL FOR TOURISM __________________________________________________ 67 FIGURE 17: PHOTOS FROM THE STAKEHOLDER WORKSHOPS _________________________________________ 71 FIGURE 18: GENDER OF INTERVIEWEES _________________________________________________________ 73 FIGURE 19: AGE OF INTERVIEWEES ____________________________________________________________ 73 FIGURE 20: LIVING PLACE OF INTERVIEWEES _____________________________________________________ 73 FIGURE 21: FAMILY SIZE ____________________________________________________________________ 73 FIGURE 22: DEPENDENCY ON AGRICULTURE, TOURISM OR FISHING ____________________________________ 74 FIGURE 23: MOST SIGNIFICANT NATURAL AND CULTURAL VALUES _____________________________________ 74 FIGURE 24: MOST OFTEN CAUGHT FISH SPECIES __________________________________________________ 76 FIGURE 25: ZONING MAP OF NATIONAL MARINE PARK KARABURUN-SAZAN ___________________________ 112 FIGURE 26: COST OF MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES PER THEME _________________________________________ 116 FIGURE 27: COST OF MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES PER MANAGEMENT APPROACHES _______________________ 117 5 Abbreviations and acronyms ACCOBAMS Agreement on the Conservation of Cetacean of the Black Sea, Mediterranean Sea and Contiguous Atlantic Area ATA Agency of Tourism CBD Convention on Biological Diversity CITES Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora CSO Civil Society Organisation EIA Environmental Impact Assessment GEF Global Environment Facility IBA Important Bird and Biodiversity Area INCA Institute for Nature Conservation in Albania IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature METT Management Effectiveness Tracking Tool MCPA Marine and Coastal Protected Area MoE Ministry of Environment MPA Marine Protected Area NBSAP National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan NCTA National Council of Territorial Adjustment NEA National Environmental Agency NMP National Marine Park OMP Fisheries Management Organization PA Protected Area RAC/SPA Regional Activity Centre for Specially Protected Areas SAC Special Areas of Conservation SPA Special Protected Areas and Special Protection Areas SPMCPAs Strategic Plan for Marine and Coastal Protected Areas UNDP United Nations Development Programme WWF MedPO WWF Mediterranean Program 6 INTRODUCTION Management Plan for Karaburun-Sazan Marine and Coastal Protected Area (MCPA) has been developed within the framework of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) project “Improving Coverage and Management Effectiveness of Marine and Coastal Protected Areas” (herein after referred to as: MCPA Project). The MCPA Project has been supporting the operational and functioning phase