ImpactFinal Environmental Assessment- Vlore Combined Cycle 111 ifIEGeneration Facility Public Disclosure Authorized Prepared for:
REPUBLIC OF ALBANIA MINISTRY OF INDUSTRY & ENERGY
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Public Disclosure Authorized ,-2
Sponsored by the U.S. Trade and Development X 2< Agency
Activity No. 2000-70093A I= ~ ~ Grant No. GH2793403 Public Disclosure Authorized
October 6,2003
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> <,2 el*MWH Public Disclosure Authorized I4 CONSULTINGC O II Final Environmental Impact Assessment - tVlore Combined
-> l PreparedL for:
REPUBLIC OF ALBANIA 0=-- MINISTRY OF INDUSTRY & ENERGY C14
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-~ ,>j |Sponsored by the U.S. Trade and Development Agency
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October 6, 2003
Prepared By:
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MWH DISCLAIMER Inc., prepared this MWH Consulting (MWH), a business unit within MWH Americas, including any party document. Neither MWH nor any person acting on their behalf, or implied, with respect to contributing to this document: (a)makes any warranty, expressed assumes any liability with the use of any information or methods disclosed in this report; or (b) report. respect to the use of any information or methods disclosed in this or third parties, by their Any recipient of this report, including any prospective lenders, owner direct, indirect or and use of this report, hereby releases MWH from any liability for receipt negligence), strict consequential loss or damage, whether arising in contract, tort (including liability or otherwise. TDA DISCLAIMER Agency (TDA), an export This report was funded by the U.S. Trade and Development findings, conclusions, or promotion agency of the United States Government. The opinions, author(s), and do not recommendations expressed in this document are those of the necessarily represent the official position or policies of TDA.
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The U.S. Trade and Development Agency 1000 Wilson Blvd. Suite 1600 Arlington, VA 22209-3901 TDA MISSION STATEMENT Americans by Trade and Development Agency assists in the creation of jobs for The U.S. the funding of U.S. companies pursue overseas business opportunities. Through helping workshops, and studies, orientation visits, specialized training grants, business feasibility to compete for various forms of technical assistance, we enable American businesses countries. infrastructure and industrial projects in middle-income and developing
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Project# 1003316.013901 ALBANIA MINISTRY OF INDUSTRYAND ENERGY Final C.
1 EXEC UTIVESUMMARY ...... 1.1 Background ...... 6 6 1.2 Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Process ...... 8 1.2.1 EIA Requirements ...... 1.2.2 Project Description ...... 8 1.2.3 Modeled Impacts ...... 8 12 1.2.4 Social Requirements ...... 1.3 Conclusion ...... 14 2 Introduction and 15 Background . . .16 2.1 Policy, Legal, and Administrative Framework Requirements of Cofinancers ... 2.2 Project Description ...... 18 2.3 Baseline Site Conditions ...... 19 2.4 Impact Identification 19 and Proposed Mitigation ...... 2.5 Analysis of Alternatives ...... 19 19 2.6 Environmental Management Plan ...... 2.7 19 Public Consultation and Disclosure Plan ...... 3 Legislative, Regulatory, and Policy 19 considerations . . . 3.1 Albanian Institutional framework 20 .. 22 3.1.1 Key Albanian Environmental legislation .23 3.1.2 Environmental Impact Assessment .24 3.1.3 Permitting Requirements .24 4 Project Description . . 4.1 .26 Combined Cycle Technology Description .. 4.1.1 Major Processes .27 26 4.1.2 Major Equipment and Systems .27 4.2 Plant Description .. 4.2.1 Fuel Supply ...... 29 4.2.2 Transmission ...... 30 31 4.2.3 Water Requirements ...... 31 4.2.4 Water Supply and Treatment ...... 4.2.5 Wastewater ...... 32 4.2.6 Transportation ...... 32 33 4.2.7 EPC Project Schedule ...... 5 Baseline Site Conditions 33 . . 5.1 Physical Conditions . 34 ...... 34 5.1.1 Topography and Physiography .34 5.1.2 Regional Geology and Soils .35 5.1.3 Seismicity .36 5.2 Atmospheric Conditions .. 5.2.1 Meteorology .36 36 5.2.2 Air Quality .38 5.2.3 Noise .38 5.3 Water Resources .. 38
Project# 1003316.013901 3 ('< / GtMW Final Environmental Impact Assessment ALBANIA MINISTRY OF INDUSTRYAND ENERGY 38 Rivers...... 5.3.1 Vjose and Shushices 38 5.3.2 Narta Lagoon ...... 39 ...... 5.3.3 Vlore Floodplain 39 / Bay of Vlore ...... 5.3.4 Adriatic Sea 42 5.3.5 Groundwater ...... 42 5.3.6 Water Availability ...... 43 5.4 Biological Resources 5.4.1 Narta Lagoon .43 5.4.2 Karaburuni Peninsula .45 5.4.3 Threatened and Endangered Species .46 . . . 49 5.5 Socioeconomic Conditions Conditions .49 5.5.1 Overview of National and Regional Socioeconomic 5.5.2 Socioeconomic Conditions inVlore .49 5.5.3 Cultural Resources .54 Mitigation . . .55 6 Impact Identification and Proposed 55 Sources of Potential Environmental Impacts ... 6.1 Construction Phase: 55 6.1.1 Site Access ...... 55 6.1.2 Site Preparation ...... 55 Preparation ...... 6.1.3 Transmission Line 55 6.1.4 Site Dewatering ...... Material ...... 55 6.1.5 Disposal of Excavated 56 Ouffall Construction ...... 6.1.6 Inlet Structure and 56 ...... 6.1.7 Delivery of Materials 56 6.1.8 Staging Area ...... 56 6.1.9 Work Force ...... Materials .56 6.1.10 Handling, Storage and Disposal of Hazardous 6.1.11 Domestic Wastes .56 Mitigation Measures ... 56 6.2 Construction Phase: Environmental Impacts and ...... 56 6.2.1 Atmospheric Environment 60 6.2.2 Noise ...... 60 6.2.3 Ground and Surface Water ...... 61 6.2.4 Terrestrial Environment 62 6.2.5 Marine Habitat ...... 62 Resources ...... 6.2.6 Socioeconomic ... 63 Operation Phase: Sources of Potential Environmental Impacts 6.3 Measures ... 63 6.4 Operation Phase: Environmental Impacts and Mitigation ...... 63 6.4.1 Atmospheric Environment 66 6.4.2 Model Selection ...... 76 ...... 6.4.3 Ambient Air Quality 76 6.4.4 Noise ...... 78 ...... 6.4.5 Marine Environment 87 7 Analysis of Alternatives ...... 91 Plan ...... 8 Environmental Management 91 8.1 Mitigation ...... 96 8.1.1 Air Emissions ...... 96 8.1.2 Effects on the Marine Environment ...... 4
Project# 1003316.013901 ALBANIA MINISTRY OF INDUSTRYAND ENERGY Final Environmental ImpactAssessment
8.1.3 Social Requirements ...... 8.2 Costs of Mitigation Measures 99 .. 10...... 1 8.3 Monitoring ...... 100 8.3.1 Preconstruction ...... 8.3.2 Construction ...... 100 8.3.3 Operations ...... 100 103 8.4 Capacity Development and Training ...... 106 8.4.1 Environmental and Health and Safety Procedures ...... 107 8.5 EMP/Project Integration ...... 9 Public Consultation and Disclosure 109 Plan ...... 110 9.1 Interagency Contacts and Public Involvement ...... 110
Appendix A - List of Preparers Appendix B- References
Appendix C - Supporting Data and Documentation Appendix D - Tables Appendix E- Public Consultation Appendix F - Associated Reports
Project# 1003316.013901 C.Y/ *MWH
L3_ Final Environmental ImpactAssessment ALBANIA MINISTRY OF INDUSTRYAND ENERGY
1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1.1 BACKGROUND a vertically integrated utility with The Power Sector of Albania is managed by KESH, is also responsible for purchased generation, transmission, and distribution assets. KESH countries. KESH is a monopoly and, power and energy exchange with several neighboring electricity sector. for practical purposes, is the only company inthe Albanian problems. Hydropower the Albanian electric power system is experiencing severe Presently, generation. According to the represents more than 98 percent of Albania's domestic prepared by the Albania Power Sector Strategic Action Plan, dated February 28, 2001, and conditions and has had to curtail Reform Task Force, KESH is facing unusual severe drought to 10 to 12 hours per day. electricity service to consumers in some regions for up 22 million kilowatt hours (kWh) per The daily electricity consumption in wintertime is about hydroelectric generation is 7 to 13 day. Under normal weather conditions, the domestic plants is only 1.2 million kWh per million kWh per day, while generation from thermal power meet the demand, forcing Albania day. Therefore, the domestic electricity production cannot to become a net electricity importer. reliability of its electric energy supply As can be seen, Albania lacks reasonable securty and the Parliament should implement a and the Task Force has recommended that of new generation taking into account comprehensive energy policy that includes the addition reliable supply of electricity throughout both least cost options and fuel diversity to assure a and KESH has begun to study the the year. As a result, the Ministry of Industry and Energy load thermal generation facilities in technical and financial viability of installing new base Albania. of European plan was developed for the country by a consortium A generation expansion (DECON), consortium includes Deutsche Energie-Consult lngenieurgesellschaft firms. This generation expansion France (EDF), and LDK Consultants. According to the Electricite de without new thermal supply in Albania will become increasingly vulnerable plan, power lack of rainfall, and due to the country's high dependence on hydropower, generation both detailed project power imports. The report stresses the need to accelerate uncertain share of thermal power further project planning to increase the generation design and in Albania represents inthe country. Developing more thermal power generation generation upon potentially uncertain a prudent approach towards avoiding a too high dependence hydropower resources and power imports. awarded a grant to the States Trade and Development Agency (USTDA) The United generation facility. The of Albania to assist inthe development of a new thermal Government Montgomery Watson Harza Ministry of Industry and Energy subsequently retained Albanian and select the best site, to perform three tasks. Task One was to evaluate (MWH) facility. Task Two was to and fuel for a new base load, thermal generation technology, requirements as well as the conduct a feasibility study to evaluate the technical generation facility at the selected site. environmental, economic, and financial viability of the 6
Project# 1003316.013901 ALBANIA MINISTRY OF INDUSTRYAND ENERGY 5 eMWH Final Environmental ImpactAssessment Finally, Task Three was to conduct an Environmental Impact proposed Assessment (EIA) of the generating facility. This work commenced in 2001. In Task One, MWH evaluated seven potential sites including sites near Durres, Elbasan, Kor,c, Fier, Shengjin and two sites near Vlore - Vlore A and B. The sites were evaluated using an automated methodology, which scored each site on a number of development criteria such as fuel supply, water supply, transmission availability, cost, and environmental considerations, among others. A Draft Siting Report documenting the results of Task One was issued on June 6, 2002 and recommended Vlore B,hereafter refer to as the Vlore site, as the best site and distillate oil-fired, base load, combined generation cycle generation as the best technology. Moreover, the Report did not identify any to fuel initial fatal flaws in regards supply, water supply, transmission availability, and environmental June considerations. On 21, 2002, the Ministry of Industry and Energy and recommendation KESH agreed with MWH's and provided authorization to proceed with Task Two. Based on the site location, technology, and fuel selected in Task One, MWH conducted detailed feasibility study in Task a Two to evaluate the technical requirements as well as financial, environmental, and the social viability of the potential generation facility at the site. More specifically, MWH: selected * Developed technical requirements for the proposed generation facility * Developed project cost estimates * Conducted economic and financial analyses * Conducted a preliminary environmental analysis The Feasibility Study focused on the development of a facility with an installed capacity range of 90 to 130 MW. The Study reconfirmed the following recommendations that were originally provided inthe Siting Study, namely: * Vlore is the best overall site for the installation of a new base load generation facility thermal * Combined cycle technology is more advantageous than coal-fired steam technology for new base load generation inAlbania * A distillate-oil fired combined cycle generation facility is technically, environmentally, economically, and financially feasible. * The Vlore site has the lowest levelized generation cost of power compared other sites. to the
The study was completed on October 21, 2002 and subsequently was approved by KESH. MWH then authorized to proceed with Task Three, which was site. to conduct the EIA on the Vlore
Project#1003316.013901 7 C(/ (MW" Final Environmental Impact Assessment ALBANIA MINISTRY OF INDUSTRYAND ENERGY independently the generation expansion plan performed by DECON-EDF-LDK In addition, combined cycle generation the results of MWH's analysis, that a distillate oil-fired confirmed option for Albania. facility located at the Vlore site was the best new generation (EIA) PROCESS 1.2 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT 1.2.1 EIA Requirements for Reconstruction and Development It is anticipated that the World Bank, the European Bank provide the debt financing for the (EBRD), and the European Investment Bank (EIB) will jointly institution has specific policies and proposed Vlore power generation facility. Each financing sustainable development. These procedures for promoting environmental protection and and preparation of an EIA prior procedures include a detailed environmental review process proposed Vlore facility was approval of financing for the project. The EIA for the to final institutions as well as the in accordance with the requirements of all three financing prepared are similar in nature and the Union standards. The requirements of the cofinancers European into this EIA. For simplicity, the most stringent of the four standards have been incorporated standards are reference hereafter as international standards. baseline site conditions including EIA provides a summary of available information on the The resources, cultural resources the physical and atmospheric conditions, water and biological process, information on the baseline and socioeconomic conditions of the area. In the EIA and norms are used to assess the site conditions along with the applicable standards generation facility. potential environmental and social impacts of the proposed include impacts to the air environmental impacts considered in the EIA process The potential conditions during water resources, land resources, and socioeconomic/cultural quality, and associated transmission construction and operation of the generation facility include labor employment, land use, infrastructure. The social/cultural resources evaluated transportation, and local community raw material sources, fisheries, coastal navigation, services. to help prevent or minimize the The EIA also presents mitigation measures to be employed are included in an environmental environmental and social impacts of the project. These the report. The EMP consists of the management plan (EMP), which can be seen in detail in be taken during construction and of mitigation, monitoring, and institutional measures to set offset, or reduce adverse operation of the planned generation facility to eliminate, the actions needed to implement environmental and social impacts. The plan also includes environmental management and these measures. Moreover, the EIA outlines specific requirements and schedules. monitoring plans and identifies any necessary reporting 1.2.2 Project Description key features of the planned thermal The following discussion provides an overview of the generation facility inVlore as they relate to the EIA analysis.
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Project# 1003316.013901 ALBANIA MINISTRY OF INDUSTRYAND ENERGY C-C / MWH Final Environmental ImpactAssessment El _ Site Description
The selected Vlore site is a six hectare green field site adjacent to the offshore oil terminal located on the tanker Adriatic coast north of the Port of Vlore. It is located approximately km from the Port six of Vlore. The site is situated on a relatively barren coastal vegetation or wildlife. area with little There are no major point sources of air emissions in the Vlore area. Several facilities that operated industrial inVlore in the past were shutdown in the 1990's. In no reliable existing addition, there is air quality data for the Vlore area. Due to the lack of industrial the area and the activity in lack of reliable data, it is assumed that current air quality Vlore area satisfy conditions in the a "moderate" air quality classification according to World Regardless, the Albanian Bank criteria. Government should begin collecting site specific air quality soon as possible (at data as least 12 months). As soon as sufficient site data is available, air modeling should additional be performed to confirm the findings of this EIA further mitigation and recommend any measures, if necessary, while the Project is still being implemented. Plant Technology The EIA is based upon a two combustion turbines with one steam turbine cycle configuration. (2-on-1) combined
The emissions to the ambient air from combustion of distillate fuel oil in a combustion turbine include sulfur dioxide (SO), nitrogen 2 oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), particulate matter less than ten microns (PMo), carbon 1 dioxide (CO2), and volatile organic compounds (VOC). Computer modeling of the impacts of the emission of SO2, NOx, CO, and PM,o are described later in this executive summary. No air quality standards are set for C02, and VOC's; therefore, these pollutants are not modeled. The particulates may contain small amounts of trace metals that are also emitted to the atmosphere. These pollutants are emitted in negligible quantities and are therefore not modeled. The best available technology for controlling air emissions will be used at the generation facility in order to meet applicable air quality and emission control standards. The combustion turbines will employ good combustion control and water injection technology to control the emission of NOx. Inaddition, the combustion turbines will also use good combustion control to minimize the products of incomplete combustion and reduce emissions of PMo, CO, VOC's. Limiting the sulfur content 1 and of the fuel will control SO2 emissions as well. The intemational air emission standards for thermal power generating facilities are summarized along with the estimated emissions from operation of the planned Vlore plant Table 1.1. A computer model, in which is described later in this section as well as the body the report, uses these emission of rates to predict the impact of the planned facility on local quality. As can be seen, the air estimated Vlore plant emissions are well below, and thus than the international emission better, standards. For example, estimated PM,o emissions from Vlore plant are over three times the better than the standards. Estimated NOx emissions from plant are approximately 40 percent the better than the standards. And S02 emissions from the plant are several hundred times better than the standards.
Project # 1003316.013901 9 X (., C TABLE 1.1 AIR EMISSION STANDARDS Pollutant _ Estimated Vlore Plant Emission Pollutant M*$,_M 3 3 3 50 mg/Nm (dry @ 3%02) 14 mg/Nm PM1o 50 mg/Nm 3 3 3 (dry @3% 02) 97 mg/Nm NOx 165 mg/Nm (dry @ 15% 02) 450 mg/Nm 170mNM(dy3%2)0.0048 TPD/MW S02c ~ 0.20 TPD/MW 3 3 3 % 02) 57.4 mg/NM mg/Nm (dry @3% 02) 1,700 mg/Nm 3%02) 502 2,000 New Plants - Abatement Handbook, Thermal Power: Guidelines for a World Bank Pollution Prevention and July 1998 the limitation of Padiament and of the Council of 23 October 2001 On b Directive 2001/80/EC of the European plants. If the total plant capacity exceeds emissions of certain pollutants into the air from large combustion on the size of the plant 300 MW, then the S02 limit ismore restrictive, depending sulfur in the fuel. This is compliant with Directive 19991321EC c Sulfur Dioxide emissions based on 0.1% Article 4 Noise generation facility will meet the Offsite noise emitted from operation of the planned areas. The combustion turbines international standard of 7OdB(A) for commercial/industrial that noise does not exceed 85 dB(A) should be enclosed in an acoustic enclosure to ensure at one m. Fuel Supply located adjacent to the north boundary of An offshore fuel oil tanker terminal and pipeline is facility will utilize the existing, operating the site. The new distillate oil-fired generation nearby Narta storage facility. pipelines that run from the offshore terminal to the storage will be mitigated through use of Potential impacts from distillate fuel oil handling and name implies, practices that public and best management practices (BMP), which are, as their into their operations. A spill response private entities adopt to incorporate pollution prevention be provided to respond to accidental plan and necessary response equipment should for preparation of this plan during releases of the distillate fuel oil. KESH is responsible necessary response equipment. It is construction of the facility and for providing the per year. Monitoring and enforcement anticipated that as many as 30 deliveries will be made deliveries should be part of the plant of sea conditions under which a vessel may make contract. Secondary containment should procedures and implemented through the delivery be provided for on-site distillate fuel oil storage tanks. Transmission km line from the planned Vlore facility The transmission interconnection will require a seven Babica substation is not constructed in switchyard to the planned Babica substation. If the which is located 4.5 km away. Either time, the interconnection will be to the Vlore substation, impact. The typical right of way width for a transmission line will have minimal environmental m. Clearing only vegetation that interferes 230 kV transmission line is between 40 m and 60 10 Project# 1003316.013901 ALBANIA MINISTRY OF INDUSTRYAND ENERGY C .' *MWH Final Environmental ImpactAssessment with construction access or line operation will minimize the environmental impact from construction and operation of these lines. Where practical, access areas should revegetated using indigenous plants. be Water Once through cooling utilizing seawater is required for the facility. Submerged intake and discharge diffusers are anticipated to be located approximately 600 m offshore. Impacts on the marine environment due to construction of the water intake and discharge will be minimized through siting of the exact location of the intake and outfall. Construction wastes should not be disposed of inthe bay. The potential impacts on the marine environment due to operation of the water intake will be minimized through the exact siting of the intake. Bar screen intake screens with 25 cm spacing at intake should be utilized. Final screening with traveling water screens at cooling water pump suctions should be employed. An inlet velocity less than one m/s to should be used to minimized entrainment of marine organisms. Potential impacts to the marine environment from the cooling water discharge include: * Change to the temperature regime of the water column, and perhaps the sediment, of the receiving environment; * Lethal and sub-lethal responses of marine organisms to the change regime; in temperature * Stimulation inproductivity in a range of organisms; * Reduction inthe dissolved oxygen saturation; * Changes in the distribution and composition of communities of marine organisms comprising European marine sites (particularly estuaries) * Localized changes in bird distributions usually in response macroinvertebrate to increased or fish food supplies close to thermal discharges. The modeled thermal impacts of the cooling water discharge on the the Bay of Vlore marine environment in are discussed indetail later in this executive summary, the report. as well as the body of General plant wastewater will be collected and conveyed to the plant wastewater and treatment system. collection The treated effluent and cooling water return offshore outlet diffuser. is then routed to an Chemical discharge in the plant cooling water is expected to be negligible because chemical that will be added the only to the cooling system is sodium hypochlorite, which prevent biofouling of is added to cooling system components. Other than the hypochlorite cooling water will simply be pumped addition, from the sea, circulated once through the plant discharged back to the sea. Chlorine and concentrations in the process water will be maintained at or below 0.2 mg/I to minimize the effect of chlorine at the cooling water discharge point. Project# 1003316.013901 11 <.( / tMWH Final Environmental Impact Assessment ALBANIA MINISTRY OF INDUSTRYAND ENERGY for new thermal power plants found in the This level meets the requirements of the guidelines Handbook. The residual chlorine value is World Bank Pollution Prevention and Abatement typically lower than 0.2 mg/i in practice. 1.2.3 Modeled Impacts the generation facility air emissions on local The following discusses the modeled impacts of discharge on the marine environment. air quality and the thermal impacts of the cooling water Air Quality Impact Modeling protect human health and the environment The international air quality standards designed to particulate matter less than ten microns for carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), in Table 1.2. Computer modeling was used (PMlo), and sulfur dioxide (SO2) are summarized emissions (see Table 1.1), and to show that to predict outdoor concentration impacts of facility required international standards. the impact from the planned facility will meet the Source Complex Short Term - Version 3 For this analysis, the USEPA model, Industrial (ISC-PRIME) algorithms, were used to (ISCST3) with the Plume Rise Model Enhancement of CO, NO , PM,o, and SO2 at ground- estimate the maximum off-property concentrations 2 air modeling computer program. The model level. ISCST3 is an internationally recognized as the proposed Vlore site. The results of has been validated for coastal environments such the international standards. As can be seen, the modeling are shown in Table 1.2 along with the air quality standards, and demonstrate the results are well below, and thus better, than have minimal air quality impact and no that the generation facility air emissions will appreciable impact on human health. and thus better, than the concentration limits In addition, the modeling results are well below, acid deposition. Based on these results, designed to protect vegetation and ecosystems from impact on the flora and fauna in the area. the planned generation facility will have a negligible resources in the area due to acid There will be no appreciable effect on other natural deposition from the planned facility. 12 Project# 1003316.013901 ALBANIA MINISTRY OF INDUSTRYAND ENERGY Final Environmental ImpactAssessment TABLE 1.2 WORLD BANK &EU AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS COMPARED AGAINST MODELED AIR QUALITY IMPACTS OF THE PLANNED VLORE EMISSIONS GENERATION FACILITY AIR Miii ;1 .11O 0 i11MM |;TAmbient Air Quality iyx.r ; Modeled Standards ([tglm3) Modeled Standards (VgIm3) Modeled Standards 3 Impacts (PigIm ) Modeled Standards (pg/m3) ( g/M3) World European 3 Impacts Impacts ([tgIm ) World m pats m Banka European ( g/m3) World Unionb Banka 1; I Banka Unionb Banka CO 40.9 10,000 NOx 3.1 100 30c, 40 16.2 150 89.3 200 PM10 0.3 50 40 1.8 150 50 1 1 S02 1.9 80 20" 9.7 150 125 Notes: 53.4 350 2 =Not Applicable a.World Bank Pollution Prevention and Abatement Handbook, Thermal Power: Guidelines for New Plants - July 1998 b.Limit values are effective January 1,2005. All of these limit values include amaximum allowable occurrence of exceedance. c. Limit to protect vegetation. d.Limit to protect ecosystems. e.SO2 Emission Based on 0.1% Sulfur inFuel Project# 1003316.013901 13 ~C.(/ *MWH _ Final Environmental ImpactAssessment ALBANIA MINISTRY OF INDUSTRYAND ENERGY Marine Environment facility, modeling was to assess potential thermal impacts from the proposed In order to demonstrate compliance performed to predict the potential increase in water temperature increase limit of less than or equal with the international thermal liquid discharge temperature cooling water discharged into the Bay to three degrees Celsius (oC). The once-through plant of the discharge location. of Vlore will increase water temperatures inthe vicinity Mixing Zone Expert System impact modeling was performed utilizing the Comell Thermal The model is an internationally (CORMIX), developed by the USEPA and Cornell University. and has been validated with field and accepted analysis tool for point source discharges (see www.cormix.infolvalidations.php). laboratory data for use in a coastal bay environment allocate a specific mixing zone Industry standards concerning thermal discharges generally a receiving body of water. A 23 m for initial assimilation of process water discharge into temperature increase due to the cooling mixing zone was used in this modeling to predict the zone recommended in the guidelines water discharge. This value is within the 100 m mixing Pollution Prevention and Abatement for new thermal power plants found in the World Bank Handbook. in accordance with the facility water The worst-case thermal modeling scenario was evaluated the operating condition resulting in the balance. The worst-case scenario was selected for the ambient water body temperature highest temperature differential between the effluent and of a multi-port slotted diffuser that of the Adriatic Sea. The modeled outfall pipe consists from the shore (horizontal angle) and extends 600 m from the shore at a 45-degree angle 0.15 m from the ocean floor. increase above ambient water The modeling results predict a 0.870C temperature more than 60 percent lower, and thus temperatures at the edge of the mixing zone. This is temperature increase of less than better, than the international impact standard of a maximum or equal to 3 oC. 1.2.4 Social Requirements this facility will greatly benefit the Given the socioeconomic conditions in the Vlore area, cause a significant influx of people from region. It is not anticipated that the construction will of the Vlore area from this regard should other areas. Therefore, stress on the infrastructure be minimal. will be construction period of the facility as many as 500 workers During the eighteen-month schooling. the labor force in the Vlore District has completed secondary necessary. Most of one trade high 19 elementary schools, three general high schools, The schools include Vlore is home to high school and one artistic high school. In addition, school, one industrial in engineering and University. The university offers undergraduate degrees the Polytechnic of the area is strong and the other less technical disciplines. The educational infrastructure these institutions may be mutually presence of both the planned generation facility and beneficial. 14 Project# 1003316.013901 ALBANIA MINISTRY OF INDUSTRYAND ENERGY Final Environmental ImpactAssessment Any potential negative social impacts of the plant are outweighed by its positive facility will be incorporated impacts. The into the industrial district in Vlore and contribute and economic development. to its overall social 1.3 CONCLUSION The analysis performed to fulfill the EIA requirement follows establishes international standards. The EIA the baseline condition of the site and assesses generation the impact of the proposed facility on area resources. The likely positive proposed and negative impacts of the project are identified and quantified to the extent be taken possible. Mitigation measures to during construction and operation of the facility and are identified. any residual negative impacts The planned generation facility is a state of the art combined cycle applicable international unit and will meet all standards for air emissions. Modeling was performed EIA to assess the impacts as part of the of the air emissions on local air quality. The results modeling show that the plant of the air will meet all international ambient air quality concentration standards. In addition, the modeling demonstrates that the planned facility will not result in degradation of the local air quality or the environment. Modeling was also performed as part of the EIA to assess cooling the impact of discharging heated water into the Bay of Vlore. Cooling water discharge will modeling shows the discharge have an acceptable impact resulting in a 0.870C rise of in seawater temperature. This level temperature increase is better than international standards. Insummary, the planned facility meets all international environmental standards and will a positive impact on the local economy have without stressing the local infrastructure and Inaddition, the facility will alleviate services. many of the severe problems currently being experienced inthe Albanian electric power system. Project# 1003316.013901 15 Final Environmental Impact Assessment ALBANIA MINISTRY OF INDUSTRYAND ENERGY 2 INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND a vertically integrated utility with Power Sector of Albania is managed by KESH, The also responsible for purchased transmission, and distribution assets. KESH is generation, KESH is a monopoly and, and energy exchange with several neighboring countries. power electricity sector. for practical purposes, is the only company inthe Albanian severe problems. Hydropower Presently, the Albanian electric power system is experiencing generation. According to the Strategic represents more than 98 percent of Albania's domestic by the Albania Power Sector Reform Action Plan, dated February 28, 2001, and prepared conditions and has had to curtail Task Force, KESH is facing unusual severe drought for up to 10 to 12 hours per day. The electricity service to consumers in some regions of key Albanian energy sector officials Albania Power Sector Reform Task Force is composed and experts, as well as outside technical advisors. 22 million kilowatt hours (kWh) per daily electricity consumption in wintertime is about The hydroelectric generation is 7 to 13 day. Under normal weather conditions, the domestic power plants is only 1.2 million kWh per million kWh per day, while generation from thermal cannot meet the demand, forcing Albania day. Therefore, the domestic electricity production to become a net electricity importer. and reliability of its electric energy supply As can be seen, Albania lacks reasonable security the Parliament should implement a and the Task Force has recommended that of new generation taking into account comprehensive energy policy that includes the addition a reliable supply of electricity throughout both least cost options and fuel diversity to assure Energy and KESH have begun to study the the year. As a result, the Ministry of Industry and base load thermal generation facilities in technical and financial viability of installing new Albania. of European was developed for the country by a consortium A generation expansion plan (DECON), includes Deutsche Energie-Consult lngenieurgesellschaft firms. This consortium expansion plan, power de France (EDF), and LDK. According to the generation Electricit6 new thermal generation due to inAlbania will become increasingly vulnerable without supply rainfall, and uncertain power imports. country's high dependence on hydropower, lack of the project design and further project report stresses the need to accelerate both detailed The power generation in the country. planning to increase the generation share of thermal represents a prudent approach towards Developing more thermal power generation in Albania uncertain hydropower resources and power avoiding a too high dependence upon potentially imports. a grant to the Trade and Development Agency (USTDA) awarded The United States generation facility. The of Albania to assist in the development of a new thermal Government retained Montgomery Watson Harza Albanian Ministry of Industry and Energy subsequently to evaluate and select the best site, (MWH) to perform three tasks. Task One was generation facility. Task Two was to technology, and fuel for a new base load, thermal technical requirements as well as the conduct a feasibility study to evaluate the the generation facility at the selected site. environmental, economic, and financial viability of 16 Project# 1003316.013901 ALBANIA MINISTRY OF INDUSTRYAND ENERGY Final Environmental ImpactAssessment ES'CC/ 0 MWHt$ Finally, Task Three was to conduct an Environmental proposed Impact Assessment (EIA) of the generating facility. This work commenced in 2001. In Task One, MWH evaluated seven potential sites including sites near Durres, Korc,e Fier, Shengjin and Elbasan, two sites near Vlore - Vlore A and B. The sites were using an automated methodology, evaluated which scored each site on a number of criteria such as fuel supply, development water supply, transmission availability, cost, and considerations, among environmental others. A Draft Siting Report documenting the results was issued on June 6, of Task One 2002 and recommended Vlore B, hereafter refer to as the best site and as the Vlore site, distillate oil-fired, base load, combined cycle generation generation technology. Moreover, as the best the Report did not identify any initial fatal flaws inregards fuel supply, water supply, transmission to availability, and environmental considerations. On June 21, 2002, the Ministry of Industry and Energy recommendation and KESH agreed with MWH's and provided authorization to proceed with Task Two. Based on the site location, technology, and fuel selected in Task One, MWH conducted detailed feasibility study in Task Two a to evaluate the technical requirements as well as financial, environmental, and social the viability of the potential generation facility at the site. More specifically, MWH: selected * Developed technical requirements for the proposed generation facility * Developed project cost estimates * Conducted economic and financial analyses * Conducted a preliminary environmental analysis The Feasibility Study focused on the development of a facility with an installed capacity range of 90 to 130 MW. The Study reconfirmed the following recommendations that were originally provided inthe Siting Study, namely: * Vlore is the best overall site for the installation of a new base facility load thermal generation * Combined cycle technology is more advantageous than coal-fired steam technology for new base load generation inAlbania * A distillate-oil fired combined cycle generation facility is technically, environmentally, economically, and financially feasible. * The Vlore site has the lowest levelized generation cost of power sites. compared to the other The study was completed on October 21, 2002 and subsequently was then approved by KESH. MWH authorized to proceed with Task Three, which was site. to conduct the EIA on the Vlore Project# 1003316.013901 17 CC C *MWH Final Environmental ImpactAssessment ALBANIA MINISTRY OF INDUSTRYAND ENERGY independently the generation expansion plan performed by DECON-EDF-LDK In addition, combined cycle generation the results of MWH's analysis, that a distillate oil-fired confirmed option for Albania. facility located at the Vlore site was the best new generation for Reconstruction and Development It is anticipated that the World Bank, the European Bank Bank (EIB) will jointly provide the debt financing for the (EBRD), and the European Investment and facility. Each financing institution has specific policies proposed Vlore power generation These environmental protection and sustainable development. procedures for promoting of an EIA prior a detailed environmental review process and preparation procedures include Vlore facility was of financing for the project. The EIA for the proposed to final approval institutions as well as the in accordance with the requirements of all three financing prepared are similar in nature and the Union standards. The requirements of the cofinancers European into this EIA. most stringent of the four standards have been incorporated thermal generation facilities are the World Bank's environmental review process, Under EIA or suitably comprehensive a Category A project and require a comprehensive considered provides an assessment of the or sectoral Environmental Assessment (EA). This EIA regional project and compares them to positive and negative environmental impacts of the potential The EIA also recommends any feasible alternatives including the "without project alternative". compensate for adverse environmental measures needed to prevent, minimize, mitigate, or In addition, the EIA outlines specific impacts and improve environmental performance. and identify reporting requirements and environmental management and monitoring plans time frames. additional sections: This report, which is the EIA, consists of the following * Legislative, Regulatory, and Policy Considerations * Project Description * Baseline Site Conditions * Impact Identification and Proposed Mitigation * Analysis of Alternatives * Environmental Management Plan * Public Consultation and Disclosure Plan FRAMEWORK 2.1 POLICY, LEGAL, AND ADMINISTRATIVE REQUIREMENTS OF COFINANCERS framework within which the EIA is section discusses the policy, legal, and administrative This of the environmental requirements carried out. Inaddition, the section provides an explanation environmental agreements to which the of the cofinanciers and identifies relevant international Albania is a party. 18 Project # 1003316.013901 ALBANIA MINISTRY OF INDUSTRYAND ENERGY Final Environmental ImpactAssessment _ 2.2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION This section provides a concise description of the proposed project and ecological, social, its geographic, and temporal context, including any offsite investments required (e.g., transmission that may be interconnection line, dedicated pipelines, access plants, water supply, roads, power housing, and raw material and product storage facilities). 2.3 BASELINE SITE CONDITIONS This section of the EIA presents the results of an assessment of the dimensions of the study area and describes relevant physical, biological, and socioeconomic conditions, including changes anticipated before any the project commences. The assessment takes current and proposed into account the development activities within the project area but to the project. not directly connected 2.4 IMPACT IDENTIFICATION AND PROPOSED MITIGATION The likely positive and negative impacts of the proposed project are identified and quantified to the extent possible. The section also includes information on mitigation measures to be taken during construction and operation of the facility and any residual negative impacts cannot be mitigated. In addition, that the section identifies and estimates the extent available data, key and quality of data gaps, and uncertainties associated with predictions. 2.5 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES This section relies on previous study work performed by MWH and DECON-EDF-LDK to systematically compare feasible alternatives to the proposed project site, technology, design, and operation-including the "without project" situation-in terms of their potential environmental impacts. This previous work is the basis for selecting the Vlore project site generation technology and fuel. and 2.6 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN The project's environmental management plan (EMP) consists of the set of mitigation, monitoring, and institutional measures to be taken during implementation and operation to eliminate adverse environmental and social impacts, offset them, or reduce them to acceptable levels. The plan also includes the actions needed to implement these measures. 2.7 PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND DISCLOSURE PLAN The public consultation and disclosure plan documents interagency contacts and involvement of the public during the EIA preparation process. It identifies the Non-Governmental Organizations (NGO's) operating in the area and discusses their involvement in the process. Project# 1003316.013901 19 _ Final Environmental ImpactAssessment ALBANIA MINISTRY OF INDUSTRYAND ENERGY CONSIDERATIONS 3 LEGISLATIVE, REGULATORY, AND POLICY EBRD, and EIB will jointly fund this mentioned earlier, it is anticipated that the World Bank, As for promoting environmental project. They all have specific policies and procedures include a detailed environmental protection and sustainable development. These procedures project. Since the World Bank would review process prior to final approval of financing for the and report format were followed in be the lead financing agency inthis effort, their guidelines gathered to meet the applicable document. However, additional information has been this are discussed later in this European standards. Albanian environmental requirements section. (OP/BP/GP 4.01) thermal generation Under the World Bank's environmental review process require a comprehensive Environmental facilities are considered a "Category A" project and regional or sectoral Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) or suitably comprehensive of the potential positive and negative Assessment (EA). The EIA provides an assessment them to feasible alternatives including the environmental impacts of the project and compares recommend any measures needed to "without project alternative". The EIA should also environmental impacts and improve prevent, minimize, mitigate, or compensate for adverse must outline specific environmental environmental performance. In addition, the EIA requirements and time frames. management and monitoring plans and identify reporting and limit values for the World Bank following tables present a summary of the standards The air emissions limits, thermal and the EU. The summary includes air quality standards, permissible noise levels. Table 3.1 discharge limits, wastewater discharge limits, and and the EU. Table 3.2 shows the provides hourly air quality standards for the World Bank as well as the predicted emissions for emission limits and guidelines for a thermal power plant World Health Organization (WHO) the proposed Vlore plant. Table 3.3 provides the impacts are designed to protect the acceptable deposition impacts from a source. These EU standards. environment and are incorporated by reference in the discharges from thermal generation Table 3.4 presents the World Bank guidelines on liquid guidelines. Finally, thermal discharge facility. Table 3.5 shows the World Bank noise impact for an impact of less than 3 OC on are included in the World Bank guidelines and allow limits after a mixing zone. the receiving body of water from thermal discharge sources TABLE 3.1 AIR QUALITY STANDARDS Ambient Air Quality Standard Pollutant Union b World Bank a European 3 3 24-hr ave. 150 pg/m 24-hr ave. 50 pg/m 3 PM1o 3 annual ave. 50 pg/m annual ave. 40 pg/M 3 3 1-hr ave. 150 pg/m 24-hr ave. 200 pg/M 3 NOx 3 annual ave 100 pg/m annual ave. 40 pg/m 20 Project# 1003316.013901 ALBANIA MINISTRY OF INDUSTRYAND ENERGY Final Environmental ImpactAssessment _ 30 pg/m3 annual ave c 350 pg/M3 1-hr ave. 150 pg/m3 24-hr ave. S02 125 pg/m 3 24-hr ave 80 pg/M3 annual ave. 3 20 pg/M annual ave d CO 10 mg/m 3 8-hr ave a World Bank Pollution Prevention and Abatement Handbook, Thermal 1998 Power: Guidelines for New Plants - July b Limit values are effective January 1, 2005. The majority of the operation of the facility will effect. All of these limit values be after the rule is in include a maximum allowable occurrence of exceedance. c Limit to protect vegetation. d Limit to protect ecosystems TABLE 3.2 AIR EMISSION STANDARDS Estimated Vlore Pollutant World Bank a European Union Plant Emissions b PM1o 3 50 mg/Nm 50 mg/Nm3 (dry @ 3 3% 02) 14 mg/Nm NOx 165 mg/Nm3 (dry 3 450 mg/Nm (dry 97 mg/Nm3 @15% 02) @ 3% 02) 0.20 TPD/MW 3 0.0048 TPD/MW S02 c (dry2,000 3 1,/7 3 mg/Nm~ (dy23%02(dry 3/N02) 57.4 mg/Nm a World Bank Pollution Prevention and Abatement Handbook, Thermal 1998 Power: Guidelines for New Plants - July b Directive 2001/80/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October emissions of certain 2001 On the limitation of pollutants into the air from large combustion plants c Sulfur Dioxide emissions based on 0.1% sulfur in the fuel This is compliant with Directive 1999/32/EC Article 4 TABLE 3.3 WHO GUIDELINE VALUES FOR INDIVIDUAL SUBSTANCES BASED ON EFFECTS ON TERRESTRIAL VEGETATION calLevel 3 10-30 pg/M Annual Critical Load 250-1500 eq/ha/year Annual NOx: CriticalLevel 3 30 pg/rn Annual Critical Load 5-35 kg N/ha/year Annual WHO Air Quality Guidelines for Europe, Second Edition (WHO Regional Publications, European Series No. 91) Equivalence (eq) per hectare per year Project# 1003316.013901 21 Final Environmental ImpactAssessment E 3 ALBANIA MINISTRY OF INDUSTRYAND ENERGY TABLE 3.4 PH AND FACILITIES (MILLIGRAMS PER LITER, EXCEPT FOR LIQUID EFFLUENTS FROM THERMAL GENERATION TEMPERATURE) Parameter Maximum value PH 6-9 TSS 50 Oil and grease 10 Total residual 0.2 chlonne Chromium (total) 0.5 Copper 0.5 Iron 1.0 Zinc 1.0 Temperature > 3 OC increase Thermal Power: Guidelines for New Plants - July Pollution Prevention and Abatement Handbook, World Bank water source. There are no EU standards over and above background levels in the cooling 1998 The values are Commission has produced power generating facilities at this time. The European for liquid effluents from thermal discharges (IPPC) document for cooling systems and chemical an Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control to Document on the Application of Best Available Techniques from thermal generating facilities - the Reference Power Industry. The EU only has thermal discharge Industral Cooling Systems, Annex VIl, Special Application: time. standards for fresh water receiving waters at this TABLE 3.5 WORLD BANK NOISE STANDARDS Maximum allowable log equivalent (hourly measurements) dB(A) Day (07:00 - Night (22:00 - 07:00) 22:00) 45 Residential, 55 Institutional, Educational 70 Industrial, 70 Commercial Plants - July Handbook, Thermal Power: Guidelines for New World Bank Pollution Prevention and Abatement area, therefore, the value of 7OdB(A) applies. 1998 The plant is located in an industrial commercial 3.1 ALBANIAN INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK formerly the Committee for Environmental The Albania Ministry of the Environment (MOE), management and rehabilitation in Protection, has responsibility for environmental protection, 22 Project# 1003316.013901 ALBANIA MINISTRY OF INDUSTRYAND ENERGY Final Environmental ImpactAssessment (DMWH Albania. Its authority was originally defined in the 1991 Law on Environmental Protection, which was drafted with the assistance of EU experts. This law was updated in 1998 when changes to the institutional framework were made. The MOE reports directly to the Council of Ministers and is augmented by 12 regional environment include: agencies (REA). Its responsibilities * Completion of legal framework: A legislative and regulatory framework that conforms EU standards is being drafted to with the assistance of EU experts. The framework development is ongoing and is expected to increase the strength of the Albanian environmental regulation and enforcement intime. * Environmental permitting: The law on Environmental categories Protection defines several of activities that are potentially damaging to the environment special approval and require from the Council of Ministers or licenses from the MOE. * Implementation of International Conventions. 3.1.1 Key Albanian Environmental legislation The most important pieces of legislation relating to environmental Table 3.6 together protection are listed in with a brief description of their provisions. There are that contain environmental many Albanian laws provisions and this is not a complete list. TABLE 3.6 IMPORTANT ALBANIAN ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS Law Description Law on Environmental Contains the main provisions relating to environmental licenses Protection, 1991. environmental and impact assessment, as well as defining the responsibilities of the various regulatory authorities that deal environment, with the enforcement regime and the penalties and sanctions that may be imposed. This law was updated in 1998 to take account of changes inthe institutional framework. Hazardous Waste Specifies the permitting and labeling requirements for the Decision, 1994 export import and of hazardous waste. Incorporates the "polluter pays" whereby principle polluters are required to fund any environmental clean-up costs caused by their activities Water Law, 1996 Provides the framework to protect water resources and makes National the Water Council responsible for issuing permits for abstractions and discharges. Inspectors can suspend operations where there been serious has violation of discharge limits. Inthe case of illegal abstractions fines of up to 1 million Lek may be imposed. Water Supply and Regulates the activities of the water Sanitation Law, 1996 treatment and supply companies Law on Urban Defines a system of land use planning and construction Development, 1993 under permitting the control of the National Council for Territory Planning to and up forty District Councils. There are two stages to the approval process. Inthe first stage District Councils may approve projects of up Project# 1003316.013901 23 ( # C.C/ * MWH H Final Environmental ImpactAssessment E ALBANIA MINISTRY OF INDUSTRYAND ENERGY approval. In to a half-hectare, larger projects require National Council second stage construction permits are issued by the relevant the on the Ministry (Construction, Economy or Agrculture) depending location of the project. on Climate Change in 1994. However, as of The Albanian government signed the Convention not ratified the Kyoto treaty. September 2003 the government of Albania has 3.1.2 Environmental Impact Assessment the basic framework for a system of The 1991 law on Environmental Protection provided detailed specification of when an EIA is environmental impact assessments, but not the detail has been left to the MOE to develop. required and how it should be carried out. This law on Environmental Impact Assessment The framework will be completed with a separate be completed within the next two years. currently being drafted. This law is expected to the sponsors of a project to undertake an EIA. Under the 1991 law, various bodies can require Environment Agencies (REA), communes, These include the MOE, the Regional which the law states will require EIA include: municipalities and district councils. The projects land use planning and urban 1. Projects of national or local significance including these. development planning and any amendments to impacts on the environment and which 2. Projects and activities which have significant are particularly dangerous to human health. of activities referred to in point two of this 3. Projects for reconstruction and enlargement article. judgment and definitions made by the 4. Projects and local activities according to the local authority. projects fall under the definitions provided The MOE has the responsibility for defining which may make their own decisions about projects in points 1,2 and 3 above, while local authorities falling under point 4. 3.1.3 Permitting Requirements in the 1991 Law on Environmental Protection, The environmental permitting process is set out competent authorities should license all as amended in 1998. The law states that the relevant an impact on the environment. The activities economic and social activities that may have responsible for issuing these licenses specifically mentioned by the law and the authorities are listed below. facilities of local and national interest. 1. Construction and setting into work of various territory restructuring and urban 2. Local and national programs and plans for development as well as their amendments. 24 Project# 1003316.013901 ALBANIA MINISTRY OF INDUSTRYAND ENERGY Final Environmental ImpactAssessment IMWH 3. Construction of roads, railways, seaports, hydropower plants, activities, other industrial land reclamation and projects governing the improvement watercourses. of superficial 4. Exploration, extraction or exploitation of natural soil and subsoil resources. minerals and 5. Exploitation of mineral or biological resources inwaters intended for fishing, into account species, taking seasons, means and admissible levels of fishing. 6. Exploitation of forests that are of common interest; creation hunting, of forested areas; taking into account species, seasons, means and hunting. admissible levels of 7. Exploitation of flora, fauna, natural resources, coastal zones and sea bottoms. 8. Opening up of new areas for growing fruits inzones with protected water resources. 9. Production, sale or use of toxic products. 10. The import and export of toxic substances, and the transportation of toxic substances through the territory of the Republic of Albania. 11. Determining the manner of transportation, the site of deposit, processing and disposal of toxic and hazardous wastes. 12. The import and export of plants and animal species considered to be flora or fauna. 13. Other activities that may have an impact on the environment, and which shall be determined by National Environment Agency. Environmental licenses for the activities listed above authorities: are required from the following 1. Council of Ministers: Activities 10 and 11 2. MOE or Relevant REA: Activitiesl through 9 and 12 3. MOE: Activity 13 The permitting system for enterprises is currently in a state of transition. several state institutions Prior to the 1991 law, had the right to grant operating licenses to enterprises coordination between Ministries and was not always very effective. The responsibilities obtaining all relevant construction for and operation permits should be worked out between owner and the construction contractor. the The EIA process followed in this report is driven by the requirements institutions. The Albanian of the lending requirements for public disclosure of the project discussed with the MOE and have been are met by following the requirements of the lending The Ministry of Industry and institutions. Energy and the Ministry of the Environment are responsible review and approval of this EIA. for Project# 1003316.013901 25 < ( M _MWN Final Environmental Impact Assessment ALBANIA MINISTRY OF INDUSTRYAND ENERGY 4 PROJECT DESCRIPTION characteristics of the planned combined This section contains a description of the physical cycle power plant and is organized as follows: * Combined cycle technology description * Plant description * Fuel supply * Transmission * Water requirements * Transportation * EPC project schedule DESCRIPTION 4.1 COMBINED CYCLE TECHNOLOGY of manufacturers worldwide. A combustion Combustion turbines are available from a number to the maximum extent practical by the turbine is a packaged machine (pre-assembled combustor, gas turbine and electric equipment supplier) consisting of an air compressor, filter and raised to combustor pressure by generator. Ambient air is drawn through an inlet air the compressed air and burned in the multistage axial compressor. Fuel is mixed with the the turbine and are exhausted to the combustor section. The hot gases then expand through drives the compressor and an electric atmosphere. The shaft power produced by the turbine generator. 40 percent of its fuel energy input into The typical combustion turbine converts approximately energy input is lost in exhaust heat in a shaft output (power generation). The majority of the recovers a portion of the exhaust heat simple cycle turbine. A combined cycle configuration to a steam turbine for additional power and converts it to steam. Steam is then routed 60 percent of its fuel energy input into generation. A combined cycle unit converts almost electricity. turbines, two heat recovery steam A 2-on-I combined cycle unit consists of two combustion high-temperature exhaust gas from each generator (HRSG), and a single steam turbine. The to produce steam. The steam from both combustion turbine is routed to a HRSG in order steam turbine for the production of power. HRSG's is combined and directed to the inlet of a condenser and associated cooling water Exhaust steam is condensed utilizing a surface to each HRSG to close the system. Condensate is then returned obtained from generators coupled to the steam/condensate/feedwater cycle. Power is combustion turbines and steam turbine. 26 Project# 1003316.013901 ALBANIA MINISTRY OF INDUSTRYAND C'/ *MWH ENERGY Final Environmental ImpactAssessment 4.1.1 Major Processes The following paragraphs describe the major material flow paths associated with combined cycle facility. a typical Fuel Supply The standard combustion turbine for most manufacturers is based on firing or a liquid fuel, either natural gas such as distillate oil. Most combustion turbines can be specified or both fuels. to fire either Feedwater and Steam A typical combined cycle unit, in the size of approximately 100 multi-pressure MW, utilizes a non-reheat, steam generator to maximize energy recovery from Increasing the gas turbine exhaust. the number of steam pressure levels reduces the exhaust energy gas and steam / water difference. Two or three-pressure steam cycles achieve single-pressure better efficiency than the systems, but their installed cost is higher. They when are the economic choice the fuel is expensive or ifthe duty cycle requires a high load level factor. This three-pressure cycle is similar to the single-pressure cycle with the addition intermediate-pressure of the low-pressure and sections. Improved plant performance with multiple-pressure cycles results steam from additional heat transfer surface installed in the HRSG. Heat Rejection Inthe condenser, the steam turbine exhaust is condensed back into water heat is transferred (condensate) as from the steam to cooling water that is circulated through tubes. In a once-through the condenser cooling system the heated water is discharged after one passes through the condenser. or two 4.1.2 Major Equipment and Systems Combustion Turbine Generators A wide range of combustion turbines is available from a number of global manufacturers. Each model and manufacturer have subtle variations too numerous to describe inthis In general combustion turbines report. used in power generation applications can be classified three major categories, aero-derivative, into heavy-duty industrial, and advanced class turbines. Aero-derivative machines are based on the design, technology, and engines. materials used in aircraft Ingeneral, the lower exhaust temperatures of the aero-derivatives desirable make them less in a combined cycle configuration. Aero-derivatives are best applications. suited for simple cycle Heavy-duty combustion turbines have higher exhaust temperatures than machines, and aero-derivative are ideally suited for combined cycle applications. Heavy-duty typically used units are insmall to mid-size combined cycle units (80 to 250 MW). Project# 1003316.013901 27 CV. 28 Project# 1003316.013901 ALBANIA MINISTRY OF INDUSTRYAND /(. MWH ENERGY Final Environmental ImpactAssessment Electrical System The electrical facilities include generators, which are directly coupled to each combustion turbine and the steam turbine, generator step-up transformers, the unit auxiliary power system, and an uninterruptible power supply system. 4.2 PLANT DESCRIPTION As the result of an earlier siting and feasibility study completed by MWH, the Ministry of Industry and Energy for the Republic of Albania selected the Vlore B site as the proper location for a new power plant. The Vlor6 B site is a 16 hectare greenfield site adjacent to offshore oil tanker the terminal located on the Adriatic coast north of the Port of Vlore. The located approximately site is two km northwest of the abandoned soda chemical factory. A location map showing the proposed site is included in Figure 4.1. The site has relatively flat topography, which consists primarily of coastal sandy areas with some trees located on the eastern portion of the facility. Figure 4.1 Location Map S it, e A \ Tl~~~~~~~*RANA . .j~~~~~~~~res'*' ~ ~~~f Elbasall' A preliminary site arrangement has been developed and is included at the end The of this section. layout of the power train equipment is based upon a 2-on-1 combined environmentally cycle utilizing conservative (unit with the greatest potential environmental combustion turbines. impact) The 2-on-1 configuration represents the largest footprint for the units evaluated in the previous studies. Therefore, sufficient space has been allocated to allow for Project# 1003316.013901 29 Final Environmental ImpactAssessment 43 *MWH_ ALBANIA MINISTRY OF INDUSTRYAND ENERGY As shown on the plant alternate manufacturers and configurations of a similar MW size. and the tanker terminal arrangement, sufficient space exists between the existing fishing pier for capacity expansion at pipeline for the combined cycle facility. Additional space is available the Site. 4.2.1 Fuel Supply to the north boundary of An offshore fuel oil tanker terminal and pipeline is located adjacent and is connected via two the site. The existing tanker terminal is located 3.4 km from shore pipelines extend from the parallel pipelines, 300 mm and 250 mm in diameter. The existing 3 tank, with a secondary Site to a tank farm near the town of Narta. A new 4,900 m oil storage 10-day storage for the containment berm, will be constructed to provide dedicated onsite distillate-fired combined cycle facility. MWH (Final Feasibility A financial and economic sensitivity analysis was conducted by combined cycle unit with Report, dated October 2002) to examine the effects of firing the oil (HFO) does not result heavy fuel oil (HFO). In summary, firing low-sulfur (<1%) heavy fuel savings to the levelized in any cost savings. Firing high-sulfur HFO (>1%) results in a particle emissions and generation cost of $0.0033/kWh, but results in significantly higher oil has been selected approximately twice the amount of NOx and SOx emissions. Distillate as the fuel source due to its reduced impact on the environment. analysis was used in the Table 4.1 represents a typical distillate fuel analysis. This fuel performance cases described later in this report. TABLE 4.1 TYPICAL FUEL ANALYSIS Component Value °API 32 0.865 Specific gravity 60/60°F (15.5°C) 2.7 Kinematic viscosity, centistokes(cs) at 100°F 3.4 (104oF) ASTM maximum kinematic viscosity, cs 0.05 ASTM water and sediment, max. vol. % Carbon residue, wt% Trace 56 Flash Point OC (min) Ash, wt% Not Applicable 19,489 Gross heating value, Btu/lb 18,320 Net heating value, Btu/lb Sulfur, wt% <0.1 as S 30 Project# 1003316.013901 ALBANIA MINISTRY OF INDUSTRYAND C.cV ENERGY Final Environmental ImpactAssessmentm OMWH Oxygen, wt% <0.1 Nitrogen, wt% <0.1 Hydrogen, wt% 12.7 Carbon, wt% 86.6 Actual fuel analysis will be based on the fuel contract negotiated by KESH. 4.2.2 Transmission As advised by KESH, the proposed interconnection point of the new plant with the Albanian transmission system is the new Babica 220/110 kV substation (2 transformers at 100 MVA each), which is located east of Vlore. KESH will determine the exact location of the substation, as well as the exact transmission path from the plant to the substation. The new Babica 220/110 kV substation and the construction of a new Fier - Babica 220 kV transmission line are part of a project to be financed by the South Korean Govemment to improve the reliability and quality of service in the southwestern part of Albania. The Babica 110 kV bus will also connect to the Vlore 110 kV, and the Selenice 110 kV substations. The construction of the Babica 220/110 kV substation and Fier - Babica 220 kV line is the first phase of a larger transmission project to be financed by the South Korean Government. The estimated cost of this phase is $14.1 million. Further proposed phases of this transmission project include the construction of a new 110/20 kV Vlore 2 substation (two transformers at 25 MVA each), a five kilometer Babica - Vlore 2 110 kV line, a 90 km Vlore 2 - Sarande 110 kV transmission line, and the new 110/20 kV Himara Substation (two transformers at 16 MVA each). If the Babica Substation is not built, the project will interconnect into the existing Vlore Substation with a four and a half km line. Either transmission line should acquire the necessary environmental permits for construction of the line. Securing these permits responsibility of KESH. is the 4.2.3 Water Requirements Preliminary water mass balances have been developed for the winter, annual average, and summer operating conditions, and are included at the end of this section. The water mass balances are based on a typical 2-on-1 combined cycle configuration. The following table illustrates the seasonal water requirements of the facility: TABLE 4.2 WATER REQUIREMENTS Perform Process (Non- ance Non-Contact Cooling) Water Cooling Water Case Requirements 3 Requirements (m/hr) (m3/hr) Winter 170.0 7110 Project# 1003316.013901 31 _ Final Environmental ImpactAssessment 03 ALBANIA MINISTRY OF INDUSTRYAND ENERGY 7110 Annual 156.3 Average 7110 Summer 193.2 of the processes illustrated by The following paragraphs provide a more detailed description the water mass balances. 4.2.4 Water Supply and Treatment heat rejection. cooling utilizing seawater is required for steam cycle Once-through approximately 600 m intake and discharge diffusers are anticipated to be located Submerged pipe or high-density The submerged pipelines are likely to be concrete-lined offshore. The EPC contractor will be polyethylene with concrete collars for negative buoyancy. on construction requirements and required to select the most cost effective alternative based site-specific conditions. municipal water system, plant Due to concerns about the intermittent service of the Vlore reverse osmosis (RO) desalination service water will be obtained by treating seawater with a the intermittent municipal water system to avoid unnecessary outages associated with will be obtained via interconnection system. Potable water for drinking and restroom facilities to the site. If necessary, the RO with the Vlore municipal water system located adjacent with some additional investment. system can provide sufficient potable water for the facility is required for obtained from the desalination system and stored onsite, Service water, treatment system evaporative coolers (optional), supply to the cycle makeup makeup to the and hose bibs. and general uses such as equipment wash downs (demineralizer), and is stored water is produced from an onsite demineralization system, Demineralized NOx injection control on the onsite. Demineralized water is required for steam cycle makeup, to the closed cycle cooling water combustion turbines, compressor washing, and makeup system. 4.2.5 Wastewater wastewater collection and plant wastewater is collected and conveyed to the plant General are routed through an system. Drains with the potential for oil contamination treatment sump. Sanitary drains are oil/water separator prior to discharge to the wastewater collection (SWTP). The packaged SWTP treated onsite by a packaged sewage water treatment plant regeneration wastes and chemical system will provide secondary treatment. Demineralizer reinforced plastic (FRP) tank for drains are directed to an above ground fiberglass sump collects wastewater from neutralization prior to discharge. The wastewater collection the following sources: * HRSG blowdowns * Evaporative cooler blowdowns (optional) * Oil/water separator effluent 32 Project# 1003316.013901 '7/ *MWH ALBANIA MINISTRY OF INDUSTRYAND ENERGY Final Environmental ImpactAssessment * Neutralization tank effluent * SWTP effluent The HRSG blowdowns may be routed to the neutralization tanks for pH adjustment prior to discharge. The wastewater collection sump collects the treated wastewater and discharges to the seal well located on the outlet side of the surface condenser. The treated effluent and cooling water return is then routed to an offshore outlet diffuser. Stormwater, without the potential for oil contamination, is routed and discharged as dictated by the specific characteristics of the site. 4.2.6 Transportation The Port of Vlore is a suitable size to receive major imported equipment requiring handling. According special to KESH, the maximum unloading weight, which can be accommodated at the Port of Vlore is up to 60 tons. Some manufacturers may need to adjust their shipping components standard to accommodate this limit or route larger items through Durres. the Port of The site is located approximately six km from the Port of Vlore and the nearest road. The improved existing access road consists primarily of a dirt road bed and entire is in disrepair. The road will require substantial upgrades and resurfacing. Numerous culverts small bridges and along the route will also require upgrade to support the high loads heavy-haul associated with the of the turbine-generator components. Several low hanging lines distribution power will require modification to allow the passage of large components equipment. and construction Any permits required for this work should be obtained from the It is not anticipated proper authority. that these permits will be a critical path item inthe project schedule. 4.2.7 EPC Project Schedule The facility will likely have a 24-month construction schedule. This timeframe is considered typical for this size of project. Depending on market conditions, schedules of varying durations may be offered by the EPC bidders. This schedule is based on a generic combined cycle configuration. 2-on-1 The duration shown for the procurement of the combustion turbines is considered typical for units of this size. However the actual duration will vary somewhat between manufacturers, and will depend on the manufacturers shop status at time of the EPC bid. the The schedule reflects the EPC portion of the project only, and reflect the overall does not schedule including EPC bid period, project development, environmental permitting, and financing. Project# 1003316.013901 33 C. / (MWH Final Environmental ImpactAssessment |joumffi ALBANIA MINISTRY OF INDUSTRYAND ENERGY 5 BASELINE SITE CONDITIONS of the Vlore information related to the environmental impact assessment This section presents includes work is based on existing data and information. The assessment site area. This a detailed of the baseline environmental and socioeconomic conditions, discussion and an Environmental assessment of project impacts, planned mitigation measures Management Plan (EMP). four km before, the site area is located along the coast, approximately As mentioned The site is situated of the city of Vlore and two km west of the village of Narta. northwest There is an existing fuel oil adjacent to Porti i Ri, and is owned by the Albanian government. an offshore ship terminal to an pipeline that runs along the north side of the site, connecting Baseline (existing) conditions at oil storage tank farm approximately near the town of Narta. the site and its surrounding area are described below. 5.1 PHYSICAL CONDITIONS 5.1.1 Topography and Physiography flat area at the base of the The site is a sixteen-hectare, greenfield site located on a relatively area is the Bay of Vlore and the Treportat Peninsula. Immediately surrounding the project Narta Lagoon to the north. The Adriatic Sea to the west, a flood plain to the east, and the sea level to 31 m in elevation that Treportat Peninsula is a low-lying peninsula ranging from physiographic features of the separates the Adriatic Sea from the Narta Lagoon. Other river valley. surrounding area include low hills, sand dunes, and an alluvial-filled the Vjose River, which drains into The primary surface water drainages inthe project zone are River, which is tributary to the the Adriatic Sea north of the Narta Lagoon, and the Shushices associated with the northernmost Vjose River. The low hills to the east of the project site are The highlands (foothills) of the extension of the Lagunare and Kurveleshi mountains. but reach a maximum elevation northernmost Lagunare Mountains average 60 m in elevation is approximately 10 km from the of approximately 245 m near Llakatundi village. The village the main peaks rise to upwards of Vlore site. As this mountain range extends south and east, which border the eastern side 1,800 m in elevation. The foothills of the Kurveleshi Mountains, the Vjose River valley, reach a of the Shushices River valley and the southem side of maximum elevation of nearly 385 m near the village of Kropisht. the site, is a shallow marine lagoon The Narta Lagoon, located approximately two km north of southern portion of the Vjose borders the southern extension of the Vjose River delta. The that Former swamplands, now River delta has been converted to a commercial salt operation. Vjose River. These rich agricultural drained, are located north of the saltpan and south of the consists of a large area located lands are slightly above sea level. The Vlore floodplain station located on the southeast between the Narta Lagoon and the city of Vlore. A pumping corner of the floodplain drains the lowland. 34 Project# 1003316.013901 ALBANIA MINISTRY OF INDUSTRYAND <.c / 0MWH ENERGY Final Environmental ImpactAssessment 5.1.2 Regional Geology and Soils The mountains of Albania, based on lithologic and tectonic relationships, are divided into two main geologic subdivisions, the Inner and the Outer Albanides. The Inner Albanides are dominated by ophiolitic nappes with no petroleum potential. The Outer Albanides consist of four semi-parallel thrust zones: the Krasta-Cukali Zone, the Kruja Zone, the lonian Zone, and the Sazani Zone. The site is located within the lonian and Sazani zones. Overlying portions zones of these thrust are three post orogenic basins: the Durres Basin overlying the northern lonian portion of the Zone; and the Kor,c and Burreli basins, which mainly overly portions Albanides. of the Inner According to available geological studies, the regional geology between Elbasan consists and Vlore of 30 percent marine sedimentary rock, 35 percent ultra basic rock, marine and 35 percent sedimentary rock with segments of lava basalt. The landscape between Elbasan Lushnje and is made up of various forms of marine sedimentary rock. Between Lushnje, the site and the surface geology consists primarily of marine sediments and non-divided sediments. river The coastal portion of the block from Vlore to Poro consists of quaternary marine sands and gravels on tertiary molasses headlands. The molasses were deposited in the Peri-Adriatic Depression, which overlies older carbonate sediments. Molasses also constitutes the central hilly portion of the area. The molasses consist of sandstones, siltstones, shales and marls. Gypsum crops out near Narta where a small abandoned quarry is located. Quaternary marshy deposits are found the northern end at of the Narta Lagoon. Quaternary and recent alluvium is found in the of the Shushices valleys and Vjose rivers. These sediments consist mainly of coarse sand limestone pebbles. and Finer-sized sediments are found in the more distal portions of the valleys. Older Tertiary Mesozoic limestone and crops out near Kanina and Drashovice south of the site. This limestone resistant to erosion is and is quarried in several places for lime, building materials and fill. The limestone is part of two major thrust zones: the lonian Thrust Zone, which consists of two main thrust belts, the Cika Belt to the south and the Kurveleshi belt to the north; and the second major thrust zone, the Sazani Zone, which crops out on Sazani Island and Karaburuni Peninsula. the The lonian Zone is the major oil and gas producing area in Albania. The western part of Vlore and the plain area bordering the Adriatic Sea are part of the Narta syncline. The hilly area to the east is a part of the Trevilazri anticline. The Narta syncline is made up of Neogene and Quaternary deposits. In general, the Neogene deposits consist of clay, clay stone, sandstone and conglomerate. The Quaternary deposits consist primarily of clayey silts and sands. According to the results of previous soil investigations, the maximum thickness of Quaternary deposits the is about 90 m. The lower section of the Quaternary deposits contains layers of clayey silts of lagoon-marine origin. These layers are overlaid by marine sandy Project # 1003316.013901 35 7X *MWH Final Environmental lmpactAssessment ALBANIA MINISTRY OF INDUSTRYAND ENERGY Vlore, one to two m of deposits. In the lowland area situated on the western periphery of recent clayey loam deposits cover the sand deposits. grained with a very low The site is located on marine sandy deposits. The sand is medium Below that, the sand amount of clay to a depth of about five meters below ground level (mbgl). becomes fine grained until 15 mbgl, where it then grades to sandy clay. 5.1.3 Seismicity region and is Albania is one of the most earthquake-prone countries in the Mediterranean coastline of Albania periodically subject to moderate to severe earthquake activity. The entire of blocks along lies on active fault zones. Most earthquakes result from periodic movement 4.5 of greater the deep-seated lonian-Adriatic faults. Over 211 earthquakes of magnitude an earthquake causing were recorded in Albania between 1900 and 1999. On average, on record in Albania damage occurs every two years. The most devastating earthquake the village of Bacallek occurred on April 15, 1979 (magnitude of 7.2) and was centered near near Shkoder. Vlore and along the The Vlore region is influenced primarily by a fault that runs through mapped as having an Shushices River valley. The area surrounding the Panaja Block is including the city of expected maximum magnitude of 6.5 to 7.0. The central part of the block, Vlore, has an expected maximum magnitude of 7.1 to 7.5. 5.2 ATMOSPHERIC CONDITIONS 5.2.1 Meteorology by mild winters with Albania has a subtropical Mediterranean climate. It is characterized is generally cooler abundant precipitation and hot, dry summers. The interior of the country weather can also vary and wetter due to the higher elevation of the mountains. The dramatically from north to south. the highest zones and The annual mean temperature in Albania varies between 70C over about 70C. Summer 150C on the coastal zone. The lowlands have mild winters; averaging the southern lowlands, temperatures in the lowlands average 24°C with high humidity. In temperatures average about five degrees higher throughout the year. per year. The mean precipitation in Albania is approximately 1,485 millimeters (mm) Annual - March) and this precipitation (70 percent) falls during the winter months (October majority of during is usually heaviest in the mountains. The heavy precipitation experienced precipitation Mediterranean season is a result of the convergence of the prevailing airflow from the the wet amount of the continental air mass. On average, November receives the highest Sea and The annual precipitation, while July and August receive the least amount of precipitation. number of rainy days (>1.0mm) varies between 80 and 120 days/year. wind patterns vary Prevailing winds generally blow out of the north in Albania, however local winds at the site blow with topography, especially in the interior mountains. The prevailing 36 Project# 1003316.013901 or, ALBANIA MINISTRY OF INDUSTRYAND . < / *MWH ENERGY Final Environmental ImpactAssessment from the Northwest - from the plant toward Vlore. The average annual wind speed varies between 1.0 and 6.4 meters per second (m/sec). The highest values are usually recorded along the coastal zone and in the north and northeast part of the country. Climatic Conditions in Vlore Vlore is situated on a coastal plateau in the southern portion of Albania and experiences Central Mediterranean weather patterns. Meteorological data have been collected at Vlore since 1931. Average monthly temperature and precipitation data collected between 1931 and 1991 are presented in Table 5.1. The average monthly temperatures in Vlore during the period of record ranged between a high of 24.5°C in July and a low of 8.9°C in January. Annual precipitation in Vlore varied between 708.7 mm (1961) and 1,773.0 mm (1937), however the average annual precipitation over the period of record is 1,090 mm. TABLE 5.1 AVERAGE MONTHLY TEMPERATURE AND PRECIPITATION, VLORE STATION (1931-1991) Month Temp (°C) Precipitation (mm) January 8.9 148 February 9.8 11.4 March 11.7 95 Aprl 14.8 78 May 18.4 55 June 22.2 32 July 24.5 14 August 24.4 27 September 22.2 73 October 18.4 134 November 14.5 164 December 10.9 156 Source: Albanian Academy of Science, Hydrometeorological Institute The sea and the local topography influence wind patterns in Vlore. According to the Hydrometeorological Institute of Albania, the predominant wind direction during the summer is out of the northwest and west. Daytime winds during the summer months are typically associated with relatively cooler and moist air masses blowing off the sea. During the winter, the wind generally blows offshore with the prevailing wind direction from the east and northeast. Average annual wind velocity in Vlore is 2.5 m/sec, however stronger winds with gusts upwards of 7 m/sec periodically blow from the south and southwest. The average annual frequency of calm (no winds) is approximately 43 percent. The most frequent winds blow from Southeast in winter and from the Northwest during the summer months. Project# 1003316.013901 37 ex'./ *MWH Final Environmental Impact Assessment ALBANIA MINISTRY OF INDUSTRYAND ENERGY 5.2.2 Air Quality Several industrial There are no major point sources of air emissions in the Vlore area. Inaddition, there is facilities that operated in Vlore in the past were shutdown in the 1990's. of industrial activity in no reliable existing air quality data for the Vlore area. Due to the lack conditions in the area and the lack of reliable data, it is assumed that current air quality the criteria. Air area satisfy a "moderate" air quality classification according to World Bank Vlore modeling monitoring should be performed after the facility is in operation and confirmatory should be performed using background air quality data collected. 5.2.3 Noise levels in the Vlore There is no information concerning the existing ambient noise pollution site. There are no area. Noise is not a major concern in the immediate area surrounding the noise levels sources of significant noise emissions at the site other than natural background of Vlore are typical of common inan isolated area along the coast. Noise levels within the city noise levels any urbanized area and are primarily associated with vehicle traffic. Confirmatory should be monitored during operation of the facility. 5.3 WATER RESOURCES Site, including the following section describes the water resources at or near the Vlore B The conditions. Vjose and Shushices rivers, Narta Lagoon, Bay of Vlore, and regional groundwater planned Vlore power The section also includes a brief discussion of water availability for the plant. 5.3.1 Vjose and Shushices Rivers the Vjose River and The primary surface water drainages inthe vicinity of the project area are is 6,706 km2 and is one of its major tributaries, the Shushices River. The Vjose River basin meters per largest river basins in Albania. Average bankfull discharge is 195 cubic one of the Greece (m3/sec). Its headwaters originate in the Pindus Mountains of northwestern second The into the Adriatic Sea approximately 10 km north of the Narta Lagoon. and it drains and River, which is a tributary to the Vjose River, originates in the Lagunare Shushices of the mountains and flows in a north/northwesterly direction. The confluence Kurveleshi Mountains, Shushices and Vjose rivers is located at the foot of the northern Kurveleshi approximately 10 km northwest of the Site. However, it is likely Water quality data for the Vjose and Shushices rivers are not available. Villages in the Vlore that local practices have impacted the lower portions of these drainages. and streams. dispose of solid waste and untreated sewage directly into nearby rivers area may occur Local streams frequently receive agricultural runoff. In addition, sedimentation downstream of rock quarrying operations inthe river valleys. 5.3.2 Narta Lagoon is approximately 42 The Narta Lagoon is located about two km north of the site. The lagoon is separated from the km2 (4,200 hectares) and has an average depth of 0.5 to 1.2 m. It through two narrow Adriatic Sea by the Treportat Peninsula, but communicates with the sea 38 Project# 1003316.013901 ALBANIA MINISTRY .( ¢@MWH OF INDUSTRYAND ENERGY Final Environmental ImpactAssessment channels in the peninsula. Salinity in the lagoon has been measured between 20 and 80 grams per liter (g/l). The Narta Lagoon habitat supports a wide variety of species. There is evidence that the lagoon is being adversely impacted by natural and anthropogenic activities. According to a recent Global Environment Facility (GEF) study, the Narta Lagoon is experiencing sedimentation of channels that provide marine and fresh water input. The lagoon reportedly receives waste discharges from agricultural runoff, untreated sewage, and a commercial salt operation. Uncontrolled fishing, often reportedly done with the use of explosives, may also affect the ecological characteristics of the lagoon. Water quality data for the lagoon are not available. Additional information regarding the existing biological resources of the area is provided in later in this report. 5.3.3 Vlore Floodplain The Vlore floodplain consists of a large area between the Narta Lagoon and the city of Vlore. A pumping station located on the southeast corner of the floodplain drains the lowland. Detailed information pertaining to the frequency and extent of flooding in this area is not available. 5.3.4 Adriatic Sea / Bay of Vlore As a member of the Barcelona Convention and Protocols, Albania is involved in an international monitoring program to track and analyze physical and chemical parameters of Mediterranean coastal waters. Albania's monitoring network consists of six monitoring stations located at beaches, harbors, lagoons, and river outlets in the Adriatic Sea, including one station located in the Bay of Vlore. The date of the most recent analyses for which data is available is 1996. The stations monitored temperature, pH, salinity, suspended solids, and dissolved oxygen. There is no specific information available on the fauna inthe Bay of Vlore. The Adriatic and lonian Sea coast of Albania is approximately 429 km long. Fresh water from Albania's river basins flow into the sea at an average 3 annual flow rate of approximately 1,300 m /sec. Coastal waters off of Albania have been impacted by years of industrial, agricultural and domestic discharges, including disposal of liquid and solid waste directly into the sea as well as into rivers and groundwater systems that feed into the sea. These impacts are evidenced by elevated concentrations of nutrients, bacteria, heavy metals and other contaminants, especially in coastal waters close to populated areas and major river outlets. Analyses of water chemistry, sea sediments and mussel samples indicate that the coastal waters inthe Bay of Vlore exhibit similar water quality characteristics to coastal waters in other parts of the country. However, levels of mercury in the sediments of Vlore are much higher than those of other zones. The elevated mercury concentrations are attributed to discharges from the abandoned soda chemical plant located west of the city along the coast. Fecal coliform counts are also much higher directly off the coast of Vlore as a result of the city's practice of discharging sewage directly into the sea. The results of seawater quality analyses are presented below. Physical, Chemical and Bacteriological Parameters Project# 1003316.013901 39 ¢.( *MWH Environmental ImpactAssessment _ ALBANIA MINISTRY OF INDUSTRYAND ENERGY Final and Coastal waters were analyzed for temperature, pH, suspended matter, dissolved oxygen, The high fecal coliform counts. The results are presented below in Table 5.2 and Table 5.3. population levels of fecal coliform that are present at the beaches of Vlore and the other main Health centers of Durres and Saranda exceed standards recommended by the World range Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), which from 100 to 1,000 FCI1 00 ml. TABLE 5.2 (1996) RESULTS OF PYHICAL AND CHEMICAL ANALYSES OF SEAWATER INALBANIA Dissolved Station General Location Temp. PH S Suspended 02 of Monitoring (sd nt)Solids (mg/Il) Code Station (oC) (std. units) (%) (mgl) 7.95 El 1 Mati gorge 22.6 8.47 5 9.5 6.8 7.58 E1 2 200m from gorge 22.0 8.52 8 7.6 7.40 E1 3 800m from gorge 20.0 8.48 24.5 6.84 E2 I Ishmi gorge 27.0 8.03 25.0 17.4 5.1 7.95 E2 2 200m from gorge 25.0 8.66 35.0 7.3 8.88 E2 3 800m from gorge 23.5 8.70 35.5 2.7 7.77 Cl1 Durres 20.0 8.49 37.5 1.6 7.58 Cl 2 Durres 20.0 8.49 36.7 1.6 7.58 Cl 3 Durres 20.0 8.51 25.7 7.03 E3 I Shkumbini gorge 24.0 8.51 N/A 111.0 113.0 7.58 E3 2 200m from gorge 24.0 8.45 N/A 419.0 6.66 E4 1 Seman gorge 27.0 8.35 N/A 475.0 6.66 E4 2 200m from gorge 26.0 8.19 N/A 21.3 9.76 E4 3 800m from gorge 24.0 8.24 N/A 5.7 12.66 C2 1 Vlore 27.0 8.51 N/A 2.1 7.40 C2 2 Vlore 25.5 8.57 N/A 20.0 7.19 C2 3 Vlore 26.0 8.52 N/A 1.30 7.40 C3 1 Sarande 25.5 8.54 N/A 0.40 7.40 L3 I Butrint 27.0 8.64 N/A Source: Institute of Hydrometeorology TABLE 5.3 RESULTS OF FECAL COLIFORM ANALYSES FOR MAIN BEACHES INALBANIA Minimum Average Maximum Average (FC/100ml) Beach (FC/100ml) 4 Shengjin 130 123 Durres 1,750 430 Vlore 4,183 0 Dhermiu (close to Vlore Bay) 23 16 Himara (close to Vlore Bay) 155 40 Project# 1003316.013901 ALBANIA MINISTRY L¶.( * MWH OF INDUSTRYAND ENERGY Final Environmental ImpactAssessment Borshi 32 0 Saranda 2,075 275 Source: Institute of Public Health Heavy Metal Concentrations The results of 1996 sampling and analysis of sediment and mussel samples in the Bay of Vlore support the conclusions of recent studies that identify the abandoned soda chemical plant in Vlore as a source of extensive mercury contamination. The chemical plant, which located is approximately two km south of the site, operated between 1978 and 1992. The plant was then substantially destroyed during civil unrest in 1997. The plant included an electrolysis building, a vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) production unit, and a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) production unit. UNEP has recently conducted detailed site investigations and risk reduction analyses, and has designated the area a "hot spot" posing imminent risks to public health and the environment. According to UNEP, the soda chemical plant used excessive quantities of mercury in its chlorine-alkali electrolysis operations and disposed of mercury-contaminated materials in dumpsite a between the abandoned plant and the Adriatic Sea. Approximately 65 tons of mercury was reportedly lost in spills during the production period. The plant was constructed without any effluent control measures and all wastewater was discharged into the Bay of Vlore without treatment. Sampling and analysis performed in 1998 indicated that metallic mercury (Hg) and mercury dichloride (HgCI2) are the prominent contaminants at that site. The relatively high permeability of the local geology facilitates easy transportation of contaminated groundwater to the Adriatic Sea. The results of chemical analyses of mussel samples from Vlore and other monitoring stations along the coast of Albania are presented in Table 5.4. The results of detailed sediment analyses conducted inthe Bay of Vlore are presented inTable 5.5. TABLE 5.4 RESULTS OF CHEMICAL ANALYSES OF MUSSEL SAMPLES FROM COASTAL WATERS OF ALBANIA 1 Shengjin Durres Vlore Sarande Seman Karavastz Butrint Element Station Station Station Station Station Station Station C 4.3 C 1.3 C 2.2 C 3.1 E4.1 L 1.1 L 3.1 Mercury (Hg) 0.021 0.040 0.129 0.024 0.061 0.113 0.103 Lead (Pb) 0.212 0.410 - 0.417 0.290 -.242 0.280 Cadmium (Cd) 0.448 0.192 0.219 0.213 0.205 0.330 0.229 Copper (Cu) 2.61 2.11 2.13 1.83 1.67 3.52 1.19 Chromium (Cr) 0.770 0.538 0.821 0.359 1.82 1.49 0.198 Zinc (Zn) 14.0 30.4 42.6 21.8 17.8 16.2 11.4 Manganese (Mn) 3.70 2.03 3.77 7.85 8.25 5.78 5.34 Iron (Fe) 130.4 101.5 261.4 101.5 291.5 219.5 22.05 ' Results presented in table represent average concentrations in mg/kg wet weight Source: Department of Analytical Chemistry of Natural Science Faculty of the University of Tirana Project# 1003316.013901 41 If 5.3.5 Groundwater poor in groundwater resources. The Vlore site and its immediate surroundings are generally this water is typically of Groundwater does accumulate in shallow sandy deposits, however extracted using hand- poor quality and low volume. Nonetheless, groundwater is occasionally varies between 1 and 10 m. dug wells. The depth of the groundwater level at the Vlore Site Sea. The primary groundwater flow direction is west toward the Adriatic have contaminated As discussed previously, mercury and other chemical discharges plant to the south of the groundwater resources in the vicinity of the abandoned chemical in the immediate vicinity of the Vlore Site, however, there is no evidence that the groundwater general groundwater flow from Vlore B Site has been impacted by those discharges and the site. UNEP's feasibility study the source of the mercury contamination is away from the Vlore of the contamination and that it for risk reduction measures (June 2001) shows the extent does not impact the Vlore site. 5.3.6 Water Availability cooling and process water for The planned Vlore power plant will utilize seawater to provide annual conditions will be the plant. The total project water requirements under average 3 Once-through cooling utilizing approximately 7,266.3 m /hr (46 million gallons per day (mgd)). 3 steam cycle heat rejection. In an estimated 7,110 m /hr of seawater will be required for 3 with a reverse osmosis (RO) addition, approximately 156.3 m /hr of seawater will be treated evaporative coolers (optional), desalination system to provide service water for makeup to the and general service water uses supply to the cycle makeup treatment system (demineralizer), 42 Project# 1003316.013901 ALBANIA MINISTRY OF INDUSTRYAND * MWH ENERGY Final Environmental ImpactAssessment such as equipment wash downs and hose bibs. Demineralized steam water will be required for cycle makeup, NOx control water injection on the combustion turbines, washing, and compressor makeup to the closed cycle cooling water system. Potable water requirements for the drinking and restroom facilities, which are estimated at approximately 0.2 m3/hr of water, will be obtained from the Vlore municipal water system. 5.4 BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES The Site issituated on a relatively barren coastal area with little vegetation or wildlife. The Narta Lagoon and Karaburuni Peninsula, which are located inthe northern regions and southern of the Bay of Vlore, respectively, support an abundance of species and and have been habitats recognized internationally as areas of ecological importance. Both areas are protection under Albania's Law on Protected Areas. The following is an overview of biological resources at the Narta Lagoon and Karaburuni Peninsula, as well as a discussion about threatened and endangered species and the status of regulatory protection for these two areas. 5.4.1 Narta Lagoon The Narta Lagoon is located approximately four km northwest of Vlore, and approximately km north of the site. two The lagoon and the surrounding ecosystem that extends north to the Vjose River delta covers approximately 10,000 hectares and is wetlands, composed of forests, sand dunes, beaches, and agricultural land. The Narta Lagoon area focus of recent has been the biodiversity studies conducted by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the Global Environmental Facility (GEF). Albania is a member on Biological of the Convention Diversity and has enlisted the expertise of the UNDP and GEF to a National Biodiversity help formulate Strategy and Action Plan. The Narta Lagoon is not currently identified as a Ramsar Site under the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands. General Characteristics of the Narta Lagoon Area As described in the 2002 UNDP/GEF project report entitled, "Conservation of Coastal Ecosystems Wetland and inthe Mediterranean Region," the area of the Narta Lagoon and Vjose River delta has the following ecological characteristics. * 5,000 hectares of wetlands, including approximately 4,000 hectares of free surface and water 1,000 hectares of salinas (salt marshes) supporting halophytic and hydrophilic vegetation. * 2,000 hectares of forests, including Mediterranean pine forests of Pishe Poros and Mediterranean shrubs (this area isoften referred to as the Soda Forest) * 500 hectares of vegetated and non-vegetated sand dunes and beaches. * 2,500 hectares of agricultural land or uncultivated salt lands. The Narta 2 Lagoon itself is approximately 42 km (4,200 hectares) with an average 0.5 and 1.2 m. depth of The lagoon interacts with the sea via two channels inthe Treportat Peninsula. Project# 1003316.013901 43 dC/ *MWH Final Environmental lmpactAssessment ALBANIA MINISTRY OF INDUSTRYAND ENERGY side of the lagoon channel is approximately 900 m long and is situated on the northwest One side of the area. The while the other channel is 190 m long and is located on the southwest There are two islands in the lagoon also receives fresh water from various drainage channels. is dense with cypress southwestern portion of the lagoon. The bigger of the islands, Zverneci, lagoon has been measured trees and has a small 14th century monastery. The salinity of the at 20 and 80 g/l. Species and Habitats of the Narta Lagoon Area undergoing rapid degradation As mentioned above, the GEF reports that the Narta Lagoon is water input. Moreover, the from sedimentation of channels that provide marine and fresh discharge, discharge from a lagoon may be adversely affected by agricultural runoff, sewage abandoned chemical plant) commercial salt operation, and liquid chemical wastes (from the that are being stored in a holding pond on the south side of the lagoon. species of birds, including two The lagoon reportedly provides habitat for over 190 different and about 40 different threatened species of pelican and kestrel (see discussion below) area. The area is Albania's species of migratory water birds that winter in the Narta Lagoon Golden Eye, Kentish Plover primary wintering site for species of Flamingos, Shelduck, Pintail, 1995 and 2001 registered an and Golden Plover. Winter consensuses conducted between average of 48,700 individual water birds (see Table 5.6). TABLE 5.6 WINTERING WATER BIRDS AT NARTA LAGOON 1995 1996 1997 2001 35 44 No. of species 33 32 81,223 79,321 No. of individuals 14,651 19,638 33 31 National % 10.2 10.9 Source: Museum of Science and Biological Research Institute of Albania Lagoon. Terns and waders Breeding season is also a popular time for water birds at the Narta nesting pairs of birds were are usually very abundant during this time. In 2000, a total of 633 recorded. including various Narta Lagoon provides habitat for an estimated 38 species of mammals, The bottlenose dolphin, of hedgehog, shrew, bat, pipistrelle, hare, fox and weasel. The species has been observed is the most common type of dolphin inthe coastal waters of Europe, which common to the Narta in the coastal waters adjacent to the lagoon. Some species of mammals (IUCN) Red List of Globally Lagoon area are listed on the World Conservation Union's Threatened Species (see discussion below). 69 species of flora a wide variety of vegetation in the Narta Lagoon area, including There is with ecological, Albanian Museum of Science considers "noteworthy species" (species that the include hydrohytic or patrimonial value). The most prevalent types of flora economic in salt lands, and vegetation common in wetlands, halophytic vegetation common 44 Project# 1003316.013901 ALBANIA *MWH MINISTRY OF INDUSTRYAND ENERGY Final Environmental ImpactAssessment Mediterranean pine forests of Cypresus sp and Pistacia lentiscus. A portion of the pine forest (Pishe Poros forest) is classified as a "Managed Nature Reserve" (Category IV)by the IUCN (UNDP/GEF, 2002). Commercial Activity inthe Narta Lagoon Area Several types of commercial activity take place at or near the Narta Lagoon, the most prevalent of which are fishing and salt production. A private fishery operates in the lagoon at a site known as Gjoli i Nartes, which is close to the Vlore Site. The enterprise reportedly employed 60 fishermen in 1996. Current employment statistics are not available. Fishing occurs in the lagoon and at fixed trap stations in the canals that connect the lagoon with the sea. Between 1986 and 1990, the total yearly catch from this enterprise ranged from 206 to 339 tones. Current statistics are not available but the figure is estimated to have declined to around 110 tones. Crab typically account for 35 to 50 percent of the total catch. Exclusive of crabs, the lagoon produces an estimated 36 to 63 kg per hectare per year, however agricultural runoff and industrial and domestic wastes from Vlore may be adversely affecting fish communities. In addition to the larger commercial operation, approximately 50 people own small boats and fish for a living in the Novosela Commune. Salt is produced in the northern portion of the Narta Lagoon area by a commercial operation known as the Skrofotina Salt Works. The company reportedly produced 120,000 tonnes of salt in 1996, however production has since decreased significantly. Production in 1999 was estimated at 21,150 tonnes. The salt works employs 150 people during the winter months and up to 3,000 people during the summer months, although the site did not appear to be in full operation during a recent site visit. The operation consumes approximately 6 million m3 of water from the Narta Lagoon each year (approximately 30 percent of the lagoon capacity). Most of the salt produced at this site is used in industrial processes or is exported for use as a de-icing agent on roadways. Other economic activities that take place inthe vicinity of the Narta Lagoon include agricultural activity, oil and gas exploration, and rock quarrying. Agricultural activity includes cultivation of olive and grape fields, however much of these fields have recently been neglected due to labor shortages brought on by emigration. A Croatian company recently received an environmental license from the Albanian Parliament to conduct drilling operations and construct an associated road, and is conducting oil exploration in the sea southeast of the Narta Lagoon. Mining of gravels, sands and bitumen for construction-related purposes is done in the Vjose and Shushices river valleys, upstream of the Vjose River delta. 5.4.2 Karaburuni Peninsula The Karaburuni Peninsula and surrounding environment is a large area encompassing, in addition to the peninsula, the Llogara National Park, Sazani Island, the Rreza Kanalit Mountains, Orikumi Lagoon, and the Dukati Valley. This 35,000-hectare region, which surrounds the south/southwestern portion of the Bay of Vlore, ranges from coastal plains to alpine forests. According to GEF's 1999 Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan for Albania, some of the vegetation found in the Karaburuni Peninsula area includes alpine and subalpine pastures and Project# 1003316.013901 45 (C / ( MWH ALBANIA MINISTRY OF INDUSTRYAND ENERGY Final Environmental ImpactAssessment meadows, Macedonian fir (Abies borissi-regis) forests mixed with pine forests of Pinus nigra and Pinus leucodermis, and mixed deciduous woodlands with Quercus coccifera and Q. macrolepis. The area is also characterized by typical rocky coastal environments, a small wetlands area, and various meadows of Posidonia oceanica. The area supports well- developed littoral and benthos communities and is frequented by some species of dolphin (Delphinus delphi and Tursiops truncates). The caves and shores of the Karaburuni Peninsula provide habitat for the monk seal (Monachus monachus), however its actual occurrence in these areas is not well documented. Endemic and threatened and endangered species that are found inthe region include Taxus bacata, Ceratonia siliqua, Pitymys felteni, and Pitymys thomasi (see discussion later inthis section). The Karaburuni Peninsula is a hilly and mountainous cape that covers a surface area of approximately 62 km2 (6,200 hectares) and reaches peak elevations of 730 m to 840 m.The peninsula separates the southern portion of the Bay of Vlore from the lonian Sea. The narrow Mesokannali Channel separates the northern tip of the peninsula from Sazani Island. The Karaburuni Peninsula isclassified as a Managed Nature Reserve (Category IV)by the IUCN. The Llogara National Park, which is approximately 25 km south of the site, isa 1,010-hectare area composed largely of black pine and juniper forests. It is located in the north and northwestern portion of Llogara. Its designation as a National Park reflects its status as a Category II ecosystem according to the IUCN. Wildlife that inhabits this area includes wild goat, wild pig, mountain partridge, wild pigeons, rabbits and falcons. Species of gazelle used to be common in this area, however the GEF (2002) reports that this species is no longer found inthe park. Between the Karaburuni Peninsula and the Llogara National Park is the Rreza Kanalit Mountains. This is a smaller mountain range that extends approximately 24 km from north to south and is only four to seven km wide. Its major peaks reach elevations of 1,200 to 1,500 meters. The prominent valley between the Rreza Kanalit range and the larger Lagunare range to the northeast is known as the Dukati Valley. The northern extent of the Dukati Valley ends to the southern tip of the Bay of Vlore, where a small lagoon referred to as the Orikumi Lagoon issituated. The Orikumi Lagoon is approximately 150 hectares and 0.5 to 3 mdeep. It interacts with the sea through a single 50-meter long channel, however, similar to conditions at the Narta Lagoon, the function of this channel is being affected by sedimentation. Moreover, the original flood plain forests that surrounded the lagoon have disappeared and the former fresh and brackish water types of habitats and vegetation are being replaced by salt land species. The lagoon is also showing signs of eutrophication. 5.4.3 Threatened and Endangered Species The most critical species of concern inthe Narta Lagoon and Karaburuni Peninsula areas are three species of fauna that are listed by the IUCN as globally threatened or endangered (2000 Red List of Threatened Species). These species include the Dalmatian Pelican (Pelecanus crispus), the Lesser Kestrel (Falco naumannl), and the European River Otter (Lutra lutra). All three of these species are known to inhabit the Narta Lagoon area, however the extent to which they are found inthe Karaburuni Peninsula region is not known. Albania's Museum of Science and Biological Research Institute consider many other species of flora and fauna in the Narta Lagoon and Karaburuni Peninsula ecosystems endemic, rare or threatened. 46 Project# 1003316.013901 ALBANIA f< * MWH MINISTRY OF INDUSTRYAND ENERGY Final Environmental ImpactAssessment A list of threatened and endangered fauna species common to the Narta Lagoon area is presented in Table 5.7. It is important to note that, with the exception of the species included on the IUCN Red List, the criteria used by the Museum of Science to classify these species is not clear and data available at this time are not considered complete. Detailed information pertaining to the three globally threatened species is provided below. TABLE 5.7 THREATENED AND ENDANGERED FAUNA SPECIES INTHE NARTA LAGOON AREA Dalmatian pelican Pelecanus crispus Conservation Dependent 2000 IUCN Red List Lesser kestrel Falco naumanni Vulnerable 2000 IUCN Red List European rver otter Lutra lutra Vulnerable 2000 IUCN Red List Horshoe bat Rhinolophus euryale Threatened Rarely observed inNarta Lagoon area Common jackal Canis aureus Threatened Widespread at the Narta Lagoon; considered critically endangered inAlbania Badger Meles meles Threatened Rarely seen, but extensive dens have been identified innorthwest portion of Narta Lagoon area Western polecat Mustela putorius Threatened Scarcely distributed inNarta Lagoon area Common dolphin Delphinus delphis Threatened Frequency with which this species is observed inVlore's coastal waters has been declining; uncontrolled fishing and use of explosives incoastal waters thought to be afactor Blind mole Talpa caeca Endemic Endemic to Mediterranean region; its habitat is fragmented within the Narta Lagoon area Stankovici's mole Talpa stankovici Endemic Endemic to Western Balkan region; typical habitats similar to the blind mole Thomas' pine vole Pitymys thomasi Endemic Endemic to Western Balkan region; favors cultivated areas and grasslands of the Pishe Poro forest Felten's pine vole Pitymys felteni Endemic Endemic to the Western Balkan region; habitat and distnbution is the same as that of the pine vole, however it is not as abundant Sources: Museum of Science and Biological Research Institute of Albania IUCN 2000 Red List of Threatened Species Dalmatian Pelican The 2000 IUCN Red List classifies the Dalmatian Pelican as Conservation Dependent. This indicates that the species is at lower risk than those that are classified as Critically Endangered, Endangered or Vulnerable. However, the Dalmatian pelican was formerly listed as Vulnerable due to its small and declining population. Moreover, as a Conservation Project# 1003316.013901 47 C(< / *MWH ALBANIA MINISTRY OF INDUSTRYAND ENERGY Final Environmental ImpactAssessment Dependent species, the Dalmatian pelican is the focus of a continuing taxon-specific or habitat-specific conservation program, the cessation of which would be expected to result in the species qualifying for one of the more crtical categories within a five-year period. Conservation measures have helped increase the population of the Dalmatian pelican in recent years. The range of the Dalmatian Pelican includes the Balkans, Middle East, Eastern Europe, and Asia. Its primary habitats are freshwater or marine environments such as coastlines, lagoons, estuaries, freshwater lakes, ponds and dams. As such, the species is common in the Narta Lagoon area, especially during the winter season. Lesser Kestrel The 2000 IUCN Red List classifies the Lesser Kestrel as Vulnerable, which indicates that the species is not considered to be Critically Endangered or Endangered but is facing a high risk of extinction in the wild in the medium-term future, as defined by IUCN criteria. This species has a wide global distribution but has undergone rapid declines in western Europe, South Africa, and possibly in parts of its Asian range. According to the IUCN, if these declines are representative of populations in all regions, the total population is likely to have declined by more than 20 percent in ten years, which qualifies the species as Vulnerable. It is predicted that similar declines will continue over the next 10 years. The typical habitat of the Lesser Kestrel includes arable agricultural lands and crops, grasslands, shrub lands, tropical savannah woodlands, and some urban environments. The species is common in the Narta Lagoon area. The IUCN lists the major threats to this species as agriculture, development, hunting, natural disasters, and land/water pollution. European River Otter The European river otter, also referred to as the Eurasian Otter, is considered a Vulnerable species by the IUCN. Like the Lesser kestrel, this indicates that the species is facing a high risk of extinction in the wild in the medium-term future. The species is widely distributed throughout the European and Asian continent and parts of Africa and has recently increased its area of occupancy inseveral parts of Europe. However, this species has become extinct in large areas of central Europe and the risk of losing additional habitats, especially in eastern Europe, is increasing. The situation in the near East and in Asia is not well understood. The Eurasian Otter is found in a wide variety of aquatic habitats, including highland and lowland lakes, rivers, streams, marshes, swamp forests and coastal areas. The species has also been found in brackish waters below sea level. It is very adaptable, using saltwater as well as freshwater habitats, and has even been found in sewage systems in urban areas. In most parts of its range otter distribution is correlated with bank side vegetation. Their distribution in coastal areas, as seen at the Narta Lagoon, is strongly correlated with the presence of freshwater. The species avoids deep water. The aquatic habitats of otters are vulnerable to man-made changes, including many types of activities that take place at the Narta Lagoon. Canalization of rivers, removal of bank side vegetation, dam construction, draining of wetlands, aquaculture activities and associated man- made impacts on aquatic systems are all damaging to otter populations. Pollution is also a 48 Project# 1003316.013901 ALBANIA MINISTRY leCX/ *MWH OF INDUSTRYAND ENERGY Final Environmental ImpactAssessment major threat to the otters. Coastal populations are particularly vulnerable to oil Acidification spills. of rivers and lakes results in the decline of fish biomass and reduces the resources food of the otters. The same effects are known to result from organic pollution by nitrate fertilizers, untreated sewage, or farm slurry. Fishing nets also pose a significant threat to the otter. 5.5 SOCIOECONOMIC CONDITIONS 5.5.1 Overview of National and Regional Socioeconomic Conditions According to July 2001 estimates, the population of Albania is approximately 3.5 million, with an annual growth rate of 0.88 percent. The majority of the population (95 percent) is ethnic Albanian. The remainder is made up of Greeks (3 percent) and other ethnic groups such as Vlachs, Romas, Serbs, Montenegrins, Macedonians, Egyptians, and Bulgarians. Approximately 70 percent of the population is Muslim, 20 percent are Albanian Orthodox, and 10 percent are Roman Catholic. Albania's economy is driven primarily by agriculture, which makes up nearly 53 percent of its GDP. The other components of the country's economy include industry (25 percent of GDP) and services (22 percent of GDP). The tourism sector in Albania has reportedly rebounded during the past two years as significant numbers of Albanians have returned to seaside resorts for the first time since the civil insurrection of 1997 and 1998. Albania, with an estimated trade deficit of $814 million in 2000, is a net importer of goods and services. The country was recently admitted as a member of the World Trade Organization (WTO). Its major trading partners include Italy, Greece, Turkey, and Germany. The labor force is reportedly young and literate and includes skilled workers, however unemployment is high, estimated at 18 percent in 2001. Per capita income is approximately $1,100 based on a 1999 estimate. Albania's transportation, communication, and energy infrastructure is generally in poor condition and in need of capital improvements. The country's major airport, "Rinas" in Tirane, has outgrown its terminal and is awaiting planned improvements. There are two major ports, both of which are in the process of being privatized. The port of Durres handles 90 percent of Albania's maritime cargo and is currently being rehabilitated with funds provided by the World Bank and EBRD. The other major port is in Vlore. The rail system in Albania consists of approximately 447 kilometers of track, is state-run, and is not connected to the railroad of any neighboring country. The country's road system is limited and major roads are narrow, damaged (potholed), and unlighted. Construction of new roads is a government priority. 5.5.2 Socioeconomic Conditions in Vlore Demographics The city of Vlore, with a population of approximately 120,000 inhabitants, is a district capital and Albania's second largest seaport. Project# 1003316.013901 49 i MWH Final Environmental lmpactAssessment ALBANIA MINISTRY OF INDUSTRYAND ENERGY Varibopi: There are seven small towns in the District of Vlore: Narte, Panaja, Trevllaz6ri, town located l.lakatundi, Peshkepia, and Drashovice. Narte is a small farming and fishing Vlore. Varibopi, south of the Narta Lagoon that is rapidly becoming a popular suburb of and eastem Lkatundi and Peshkepia are all agricultural towns located in northeast, central, built along the portions of the Vlore District, respectively. Drashovica is an agricultural town Greece. western bank of the Shushice River and the National Road to Gjirokaster and or communes Inaddition to the towns listed above, there are approximately 100 small villages concentrated recognized in the Vlore District. The villages in the Vlore District are mainly Shushices river along the National Road and along the base of the hills in the Vjose and the people in these valleys. Due to high rates of unemployment and poverty, most of the young Albania or have communes, often with their families, have migrated to urban areas within member who emigrated abroad. Almost 90 percent of the families in Vlore have at least one has emigrated. Most emigrants go to Italy and Greece. Economy Olives, grapes, Agriculture is the main economic activity inthe rural areas of the Vlore District. vegetables, and citrus fruits are grown throughout the area, especially near the coast. Grains, are grazed and forage crops are grown along the river valleys, and sheep, goats and cattle percent of the throughout the rural communes. Livestock production accounts for about 36 fishing port in country's annual agricultural production. In addition, Vlore is also the main Albania. are industries, including construction, transportation, and telecommunication services Service include also an important component of Vlore's economy. State and public sector enterprises railroad and essential services such as road maintenance, water and electricity distribution, of goods and port facilities, public transportation and oil byproduct distribution. Transportation Two private passengers is an expanding national sector, particularly in the Vlore District. firms, Grabove and Dukat Transport, are based in Vlore. firm, SIAC Construction is also a very active sector throughout the area. A large construction and an Construction, is based in Vlore. This is a joint venture with the Albanian government construction is Italian firm. Fourteen other private construction firms operate in Vlore. Housing particularly active in Babica, Peshkepia and Armen. Bitumen has Rock quarrying and mining takes place in river valleys throughout the Vlore area. for many years. been mined in the Vjose River valley and near the town of Selenice but reserves Production has recently stalled due to a lack of basic equipment and supplies, used for road are estimated to be sufficient for several decades. The bitumen deposits are paving and the manufacturing of roof shingles. near the and gravel extraction is common along the major river channels, especially Sand and east of cities. The most prominent sites are at Drashovice on the Shushices River larger on a limited on the Vjose River. The limestone quarry near Drashovice is operating Mifol state- The extensive gravel extraction and washing operation near Mifol was formerly basis. material in owned, but is now privately controlled. The washed gravel is used as an aggregate concrete and as fill material for construction projects. 50 Project# 1003316.013901 ALBANIA *MWH MINISTRY OF INDUSTRYAND ENERGY Final Environmental ImpactAssessment Lime and rock quarrying takes place at a location south of Kanina. This operation is connected to the cement plant on the southeast side of Vlore via a 3.75 km overhead tramway, however the cement plant is not currently operating. As discussed above, salt is produced on the north side of the Narta Lagoon at the Skrofotina Salt Works. Most of the salt produced is used in industrial processes or is exported for use as a de-icing agent on roadways. Several manufacturing plants used to operate in the Vlore area, however most have shut down over recent years. Engineering facilities were designed to produce spare parts and assist the country in eliminating imports, however none of them are currently operating. Light industrial facilities included textile plants, shoe factories, and bicycle assembly plants. Leather goods were also formerly manufactured at the Vlore industrial area. Food processing is done on a limited basis on Vlore, though it used to be much more prevalent. Fish and frogs are currently exported to Italy and snails are exported to France. Seafood processing takes place in Novosela. Other food processing in the area includes two breweries (including non-alcoholic production) and milk processing, as well as three vegetable oil plants in the Qender Commune (Panaja, Bestrova and Babice). Dairies and a slaughterhouse operate in the Shushice Commune. Two smaller mills operate in Lubonje and Armen (Shushice Commune). Roads Less than 25 percent of Albania's 18,500 km road network is paved and most roads are in poor condition requiring major rehabilitation. Because Vlore is an important transportation and shipping hub for southern Albania, it is linked to the country's other major cities via paved highways. However, the district of Vlore's own transportation infrastructure is generally inpoor condition and is not adequate for existing volumes of traffic, especially in remote areas. The poor condition of the roads is attributed to the fairly rugged topography, lack of maintenance funds, and increased traffic loads. Recent easing of border restrictions has lead to increased vehicle traffic throughout the country. The government of Albania indicates that there are 18.8 km of asphalt highway (National Road) in the Vlore area. In addition, there are 42.5 km of other paved roads, 70.3 km of improved gravel roads, 30.7 km of seasonal roads, and 111.7 km of pedestrian roads. Roads are considered adequate along the coastal plain near Vlore and near the larger communities, but roads in more remote areas are in poor condition. In wet weather some of the smaller roads can be treacherous, and dust is often a problem during the summer dry season. A number of existing roads are being rehabilitated and some new roads are being constructed. Inparticular, the road from Xhyherina to Beshishti (Shushice Commune) is being reconstructed and the World Bank is funding the construction of a new 11 km rural road from Novosela to Grykapishe (Novesela Commune). Additionally, a road to Trevllazeri (about 7 km) is reportedly being constructed by the Albanian Development Fund. Port Facilities Project# 1003316.013901 51 CX/ *MWH lmpactAssessment ALBANIA MINISTRY OF INDUSTRYAND ENERGY Final Environmental Vlore is Albania's second largest port after Durres. The country's other principal port facilities are located in Saranda and Shengjin. The port of Vlore is used primarily for industrial purposes, though some passenger transport (via ferries) occurs as well. Ferries from Vlore serve Brindisi and Otranto (Italy) and Patra (Greece). Freight shipping in Albania was generally stagnant throughout the 1980's due to the decline of oil and oil product exports. of However, available figures indicate that freight traffic is once again growing as importing food and oil becomes more prevalent. Albania's Institute of Statistics (INSTAT) reports that of during the first quarter of 2001, the Port of Vlore processed approximately 95,400 tons freight, which amounts to about 15 percent of the country's total sea traffic. The Port of Durres processed about 70 percent of the country's total sea traffic, or approximately 432,000 tons, during the same time frame. Inthe northern portion of the Bay of Vlore, adjacent to the Site, there is an offshore oil tanker terminal that connects to an oil and fuels storage facility situated near the town of Narta. The existing tanker terminal is located 3.4 km from shore and is connected via two parallel pipelines, 300 mm and 250 mm indiameter. Communications Mail services are offered only in the major towns and commune centers within the Vlore area. Major newspapers are regularly delivered to Vlore and the larger towns in the area. Some the magazines are also available in towns along the major roads, but rarely in the center of communes. Bookstores in Vlore and the larger towns supply magazines and other reading materials. The Vlore area currently has access to television stations in Tirana, two local television stations, and several Italian stations. A private company, Trio Cable Television, is reportedly introducing a 20-channel cable system, but this is not available yet. Approximately 93 percent of families in the Shushice Commune have television, 37 percent of which have satellite dishes. Similar conditions exist inthe Armen and Vllaine communes. Nearly all of the families inthe Qender Commune have television. the There are over 2,800 villages, 330 communes and 36 administrative districts in Albania. In year 1973, every village had access to at least one telephone line. The civil unrest in the 1997 witnessed the destruction of 60 to 80 percent of the rural telephone system. In 1995, there of were approximately 14,000 rural telephone subscribers resulting in a telephone density post about 0.65 per 100 residents. Most of the rural telephones are located in commune offices. Lines to individual homes and many villages are lacking or inoperative. in the The telephone service in Vlore is fairly reliable. There is a large public phone facility New post office in Vlore and three smaller post office phone centers in outlying towns. office telephone lines are being installed to expand the capacity of the system. The post phone centers function as self-financed entities with some measures of independent control. Telephone service is available at the post office in the Shushice Commune, but no telephone lines serve the village. The situation is improved in Qender Commune, where telephone but service is available in Babice, Sherishta and Narte. Two telephone lines serve Novosela, the villages in the commune do not have service. Similar situations exist in the Armen and 52 Project# 1003316.013901 VA, C.< / *MWH ALBANIA MINISTRY OF INDUSTRYAND ENERGY Final Environmental ImpactAssessment _ Vllaine Communes. A 1995 study of telephone infrastructure in rural Albania recommended that rural villages be connected using wireless phone systems. Wireless telephone antennae are commonly seen on houses and apartment buildings inthese villages. The Albanian Mobile Communication (AMC) Company was established in late 1995 to help develop wireless communication systems. In 2000, Vodafone began servicing the Albanian market as well, including areas of the District of Vlore. Water Supply and Water Resources Vlore's municipal water system is primarily of water wells, springs, reservoirs, and distribution lines. There are no water treatment facilities. Water is supplied to families in the city of Vlore two to three times daily during set hours. Water is supplied by a spring at Uji I Ftohte and is stored at reservoirs at Kuz-Baba before it is distributed to consumers. Outlying towns and villages have their own water supply and distribution systems. The water supply inthe Shushice Commune includes a drinking water reservoir near Rrapi I Pashait and a water well that supplies the village of Risili. Many villages in the commune are supplied with water from local springs or from water transported to the villages by pack animals. A new water well is being completed at Tetshet. Kanina in the Qender Commune is supplied with water from a water pumping station in the village. Babica is supplied from Vlore, but often no water is available. Panaja, Nafte, Zverneci, Bestrova and Kerkova are supplied from a water station at Novosela, which occasionally malfunctions. Conflicts between the commune and the local government of Vlore often arise over delays in supplying the commune drinking and irrigation water. Lack of available water has occasionally forced residents to purchase drinking water for approximately 200 Lek per 30 liters. Water is supplied to half of the villages in the Novosela Commune from the central pumping station at Novosela. The other villages are supplied from local sources. Often the water in these local wells is salty and may contain harmful chemical substances. The water supply in the commune is under study by the World Bank. A pump, presumably from a ground water source, supplies water to communities inthe Armen Commune. No information is available concerning water supplies to the Vllaine Commune. Sewage Treatment and Solid Waste Disposal There are no sewage treatment or solid waste disposal facilities in Vlore. The city of Vlore discharges sewage directly into the Bay of Vlore near the location of the abandoned soda chemical plant. Outlying towns and villages dispose of sewage and solid waste directly into rivers and streams. Sewer lines are typically old and poorly maintained. Much of the solid waste in Vlore is dumped along the roadway leading to Zverneci. There are no provisions for the disposal of hazardous wastes. 53 Project# 1003316.013901 4¢7/ *MWH ALBANIA MINISTRY OF INDUSTRYAND ENERGY Final Environmental ImpactAssessment Education Most of the labor force in the Vlore District has completed secondary schooling. The schools include 19 elementary schools, three general high schools, one trade high school, one industrial high school and one artistic high school. Vlore has one University, the Polytechnic University, which offers undergraduate degrees in business, tourism, engineering, teaching (elementary school level), English, and Italian. Vlore also has two higher education institutions, the School of Aviation and the Marine Academy. The Shushice Commune has one school offering secondary, elementary, and pre elementary education at Llakatundi. This school has about 1,000 students. There is one elementary school at Risili, one elementary school at Mekati, and one pre elementary school at Bunavija. Every village in the Qender, Novosela, and Armen Communes has an elementary school. There is also a high school at Novosela and Selenice. Health Care Vlore is served by a large hospital in the suburbs and one central ambulance building. In addition, each zone of the city has its own small ambulance building. A psychiatric hospital and a dystrophic hospital (for children with delayed mental development) are also found in the suburbs. Vlore has two orphanages: one for preschool-aged children (six years old and younger) and one for children older than six years. The Shushice Commune is served by an ambulance building manned by three doctors, but there is no hospital. Health centers in the Qender Commune are located at Sherishte, Babice, Narte, and Kanina. Other villages in the commune have nurseries and doctors who are supervised by the health centers. There are four health centers in the Novosela Commune at Novosela, Poro, Fitore, and Trevilazeri. Every village in the commune has an ambulance building. There is a health center in Armen, which is manned by two doctors who serve the needs of the commune. The town of Lubonje has a nursery. 5.5.3 Cultural Resources Detailed information and data concerning cultural resources and any potential archaeological sites in the Vlore area are not available. The city represents a point of linkage between eastern and western Mediterranean cultures. The oldest traces of civilization in the area of Vlore date back to the 6th century B.C. In ancient times, Vlore was known as Aulon and became the main port of Illyria after the fall of Apolonia and Oricum. In modern times, Vlore was the first capital of independent Albania. It was declared the first capital of the country in November 1912 after a five-century Ottoman rule was ended. The city has been captured and occupied by Italians on two occasions over the last century, once between 1914 and 1920 and more recently between 1939 and 1944. An important landmark in the Vlore region is the 14th century monastery on the island of Zverneci, on the south end of the Narta Lagoon. The monastery includes the Church of Santa Maria, which is a Byzantine-style church constructed in the 11th century. Other ancient ports and city centers are located throughout the Vlore region. 54 Project# 1003316.013901 C 6 IMPACT IDENTIFICATION AND PROPOSED MITIGATION Environmental impacts can occur during both construction and operation of a thermal generation facility. This section identifies the primary activities that have the potential to cause significant environmental impacts during construction and operation of the proposed power plant. This section also provides a detailed analysis of potential impacts and specifies mitigation measures that will be used to eliminate or minimize environmental impacts. This analysis is performed based on the conceptual facility design discussed in previously in this report. 6.1 CONSTRUCTION PHASE: SOURCES OF POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS Activities that have the potential to cause environmental impacts during the construction phase of the project are summarized in the discussion below. These activities include improving site access, site preparation, material disposal, site dewatering, development of a material borrow and aggregate source, concrete or asphalt batch plant operation, and other activities. 6.1.1 Site Access The existing dirt access road to the Site will require substantial upgrades and resurfacing. 6.1.2 Site Preparation It will be necessary to raise the elevation of the present site by three to four m due to its proximity to the Vlore flood plain. This should be accomplished primarily by trucking in material from a local borrow source. 6.1.3 Transmission Line Preparation Approximately seven km of double circuit 220 kV transmission line will be constructed to transport the power from the plant to the new Babica 220 kV Substation. If the Babica substation has not been constructed by the time of the interconnection, a four and a half km line will be constructed to connect to the Vlore substation. 6.1.4 Site Dewatering It will be necessary to dewater excavations during construction of some of the facilities; the water from that operation will be tested and disposed of properly. 6.1.5 Disposal of Excavated Material It may be necessary to dispose of some excess material from the site at an offsite location. Project# 1003316.013901 55 4C / *MWH ALBANIA MINISTRY OF INDUSTRYAND ENERGY Final Environmental ImpactAssessment 6.1.6 Inlet Structure and Outfall Construction Methods used to construct the cooling water system for the plant will have a potential environmental effect. These facilities include the water intake structure, intake pipeline, pumping station, discharge pipeline, and out fall structure. 6.1.7 Delivery of Materials Delivery of materials durng the construction process will be by truck. Deliveries will include light duty utility vehicles, buses for worker transportation, heavy construction vehicles, dump trucks, and cement trucks. Paved roads and speed limits can be employed to minimize the dust generated from this activity. 6.1.8 Staging Area An area near the plant site will be set up as an equipment and material staging area. This area will also have the project offices, construction phase fuel storage, and batch plant if required. The area will require temporary water, sewerage and power services during construction and startup. 6.1.9 Work Force The project will require approximately 350 to 500 workers during the construction phase. The total expatriate staff necessary for the project will likely be an additional 15 percent of the work force. It is assumed that the region can meet the majority of the work force requirements because of the high local rate of unemployment (18 percent). 6.1.10 Handling, Storage and Disposal of Hazardous Materials Materials used during construction that may result ingeneration of hazardous wastes include cleaning solvents, paints, and spent lubricating oils. Other hazardous materials include fuel for construction equipment. 6.1.11 Domestic Wastes Temporary sewage and wastewater treatment facilities will be required during the construction phase. 6.2 CONSTRUCTION PHASE: ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES 6.2.1 Atmospheric Environment Fugitive dust from construction activity may affect local or regional air quality by increasing the concentration of particulate matter, including total suspended particulates (TSP) and fine particulates. Fugitive dust may be emitted from general site work, road improvements, and truck traffic. Operation of a concrete batch plant, and diesel powered construction machinery and vehicles may also contribute to particulate emissions. 56 Project# 1003316.013901 ALBANIA MINISTRY OF fC(/ *MWH INDUSTRYAND ENERGY Final Environmental ImpactAssessment Fugitive dust emissions from roads and site work can be eliminated or minimized by applying water on an as needed basis to dirt roads and exposed construction areas during the dry season (oil will not be used as a dust suppressant). Emission points from concrete batching plants should be controlled with appropriate particulate control equipment (such as fabric filters or cyclone separators). And diesel powered construction equipment and vehicles should be well maintained to minimize tailpipe emissions. Air dispersion modeling was performed to assess the impacts of fugitive dust resulting from construction vehicles on the site roadways. The modeling demonstrates compliance with the particulate matter less than ten microns (PM,o) standards established by the World Bank and European Union. The air quality requirements include: * The project cannot result in an impact greater than 5 3 micrograms per cubic meters (pg/M ) for PM,o (annual mean) for protection of the deterioration of the airshed * The ambient air quality impacts cannot exceed the PM,o standards presented in Table 6.1. TABLE 6.1 PMlo AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS 3 150 pg/M 24-hr ave. 50 pg/M3 24-hr ave. 3 50 pg/M annual ave. 40 pg/m 3 annual ave. The particulate emissions were calculated from anticipated construction equipment duration and of the equipment on the site to represent an "annualized" emission rate. fugitive The emission estimate is provided in Table 6.2. The resulting emissions from construction all activities are utilized in the dispersion model to predict the ambient impacts at and beyond the site fenceline. Project# 1003316.013901 57 Final Environmental Impact Assessment ALBANIA MINISTRY OF INDUSTRYAND ENERGY TABLE 6.2 FUGITIVE ROAD DUST EMISSION ESTIMATES Equipment Emission Factor PM,, Eiso atrOn-Site Road PM10 Emissions P, Number of Aciiy Eupet 3 Emissions 1 Activity Operation (lb/on-site 4 Construction Activity Equipment 2 (lb/hr)3 (g/s) Equipment' Duration (days) (hr/day) mile/day) Miles 8 10 0.5 0.076 0.0096 Land Clearing/Grubbing Loader 1.48 30 10 0.5 0.076 0.0096 Haul Truck 1.48 30 8 8 10 0.5 0.076 0.0096 Grading Bulldozer 1.48 30 0.5 0.076 0.0096 Motor Grader 1.48 30 8 10 10 0.5 0.076 0.0096 Water Truck 1.48 30 8 8 10 0.5 0.076 0.0096 Concrete Slab Pouring Concrete Truck 1.48 30 8 10 0.5 0.228 0.0287 Portable Equipment Operation Generator 1.48 90 0.5 0.228 0.0287 Air Compressor 1.48 90 8 10 8 10 0.5 0.025 0.0032 Paving Paving Machine 1.48 10 0.5 0.025 0.0032 Roller 1.48 10 8 10 TOTAL 0.963 0.1213 Notes: Assessment: TOTAL (m) 2.2E 04 2.8E 05 Reference for Calculations: ElDorado County Califomia Air Pollution Control District. Guide to Air Quality Chapter 4- Construction Activity -Air Quality Impacts and Mitigation. February 2002. (14.8 acres) 1.Equipment Recommendation per Table 4.3; 1piece of equipment per 10 acre project; Site =6 hectares 2.Emission Factor for truck hauling/dirt hauling, Table 4.5 * on-site road miles / equipment operation (hr/d) 3.Calculation =emission factor (lb/mile day) * number of equipment *(activity duration (d)/ 365 (d/yr)) 4.Calculation = Emissions (lb/hr) / 3600 (sec/hr) *453.6 (g/lb) 2 5.Site Road Area (m) = 4,320 58 Project# 1003316.013901 e/ i- MWH ALBANIA MINISTRY OF INDUSTRYAND ENERGY Final Environmental ImpactAssessment The air dispersion modeling is performed utilizing the United States Environmental Protection Agency model, Industrial Source Complex Short Term - Version 3 (ISCST3). A detailed description of the model and input parameters is provided in Appendix C. Variations from the input parameters provided in this appendix are presented in the following paragraphs. The fugitive road dust ambient air quality impacts are modeled without the PRIME algorithm (version 02035); the PRIME algorithm is only applicable to point source emissions, such as the turbine stacks. Table 6.3 provides the modeling input parameters. TABLE 6.3 FUGITIVE ROAD DUST MODELING PARAMETERS Area x Y Elevation Emissions Release Length Width Source 2 Coordinate Coordinate (m) (glsIm ) Height (m) (m) (m) Angle Road 1 167.6 27.4 1.5 2.8E-06 0 210.6 6 147.4 Road 2 -7.2 -88.2 1.5 2.8E-06 0 220 6 57 Road 3 117.9 -270.3 1.5 2.8E-06 0 290.7 6 -30.6 The road dust is modeled as an "area source" which does not allow for buoyant plume rise. Therefore, parameters such as temperature and velocity are not included in the modeled input parameters. The modeling results and applicable ambient air quality standards are presented in Table 6.4. The maximum annual impact from construction road dust is 2.9 pg/M 3 and the maximum 24- 3 hour impact is 12.8 pg/m . The modeled impacts are within the air quality standards. TABLE 6.4 FUGITIVE DUST AIR DISPERSION MODELING RESULTS _ ~~~~~~~PM10Ambient Air Quality Standards _ .| 1987 2.6 7.8 | 1988 2.8 9.8 1989 2.7 50 5 40 12.8 150 50 1990 2.9 8.2 | 1991 2.8 8.8 Notes: L = Maximim modeled concentration a. World Bank Pollution Preventon and Abatement Handbook, Thermal Power: Guidelines for New Plants - July 1998 b. Limit values are effectve January 1, 2005. All of these limit values include a maximum allowable occurrence of exceedance. Project# 1003316.013901 59 CX. MWH ALBANIA MINISTRY OF INDUSTRYAND ENERGY Final Environmental lmpactAssessment 6.2.2 Noise Noise from construction activity may be significant. All noise emitting equipment should be properly maintained to minimize the noise impact on the area. Noise emitting equipment should comply with the applicable EU noise standards for such equipment as found in EU Directive 2000/14/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 8 May 2000 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to the noise emission in the environment by equipment for use outdoors. Noise complaints should be logged and kept onsite by the construction contractor. For more information on monitoring and mitigation see the EMP section of this report. 6.2.3 Ground and Surface Water Minor short-term lowering of the groundwater table may occur in the vicinity of the site during dewatering of foundation excavations. However, groundwater resources in this area are limited and the groundwater is not typically used for domestic (potable) or other purposes. Therefore, the limited drawdown from dewatering activity is not expected to have a significant impact. There are no surface water drainages that run through the site, and stormwater discharges will be managed to minimize water quality impacts to nearby surface water resources such as the Narta Lagoon, Bay of Vlore, and the Vlore floodplain. A site grading and drainage plan will be required by the construction contract to manage the flow of water offsite in a responsible manner. Sediment control measures such as retention weirs can be used, as necessary, to minimize sediment transport offsite. Measures such as seeding and silt fencing may also be implemented to minimize erosion of soil stockpiles. Water from dewatering activities has the potential to contain suspended solids and oil and grease. Measures that may be taken to remove settleable solids prior to discharging water from the site include the use of sediment sumps or other sediment control structures. Any visible oil and grease can be skimmed off the surface using absorbent pads. Accidental spills of fuels or other materials pose a potential for contamination of coastal or inland waters. Precautions should be taken to prevent spills and all workers should be trained in the proper handling, storage, and disposal of hazardous or toxic materials. A written emergency response plan should be prepared and retained on site and the workers should be trained to follow specific procedures in the event of a spill. There must be proper equipment available for workers to contain and treat a spill in the event of an emergency. To prevent the release of liquid materials that can potentially contaminate surrounding surface water or groundwater resources, the following mitigation measures should be employed: * Segregate all waste oils and lubricants from maintenance of construction equipment and dispose of these wastes properly 60 Project# 1003316.013901 4CX/- *MWH ALBANIA MINISTRY OF INDUSTRYAND ENERGY Final Environmental ImpactAssessment * Construct secondary containment structures for all storage tanks using an impermeable material capable of holding 110 percent of the volume of the largest tank * Inspect secondary containment areas and other sumps regularly * Construct and maintain facilities to remove rainwater from the secondary containment structures and properly remove oil from the surface of the accumulated material The site drainage plan will address runoff from the batch plant and the equipment staging areas. Sediment control measures may also be required for road improvement activities, particularly at stream crossings. It is important that all culverts be sized to adequately pass expected streamflow under flood conditions. Exposed soil surfaces should be revegetated as soon as possible to further minimize the potential for erosion and sediment releases. An offsite disposal contractor or a small package sewage treatment system can be employed to treat sanitary wastes. Under no circumstances should untreated sewage be discharged into local watercourses. 6.2.4 Terrestrial Environment The generation facility will not directly affect critical terrestrial ecosystems. The site is relatively barren and has little vegetation or wildlife. Road improvements and construction of new transmission lines may also affect terrestrial environments. Clearing along the road and transmission lines should be minimized. The location of the transmission interconnection has not been finalized. One option is for a seven km line from the planned Vlore facility switchyard to the planned Babica substation. If the Babica substation is not constructed in time, the interconnection will be to the Vlore substation, four and one half km away. Neither line will disturb productive agricultural land or displace residences. The width of the right of way for the line should be no more than 60 m. If possible, the entire right-of-way for the transmission line should not be stripped. Stripping should be practiced only when there is no other option for performing the work. Vegetative removal should be done manually without the use of herbicides. Inaddition, when accessing the tower sites for the transmission lines, tree cutting should be minimized. Any woody vegetation on the site or transmission line corridor should be cleared and be made available to local residents. Soil borrow sites should be carefully selected to assure that the sites can be properly regraded and revegetated after completion of the project. Factors such as terrain feature and ability to regrade and revegetate the borrow site should be considered during the selection process. Revegetation should utilize native plant species. For more information see the EMP section of this report. Project# 1003316.013901 61 Oi@MWH ALBANIA MINISTRY OF INDUSTRYAND ENERGY Final Environmental ImpactAssessment 6.2.5 Marine Habitat Impacts to marine habitat during the construction phase are expected from the installation of the cooling water intake and discharge outfall pipelines. This work may involve dredging and disposal of excavated material. The work could potentially cause sediment release to the surrounding marine environment. Any marine disposal of excavated material should be done away from sensitive fisheries or breeding grounds. Disposal should be timed to be outside of the upwelling period. Marine contractors utilized on the project will be required to demonstrate use of BMP's to minimize the environmental impact of their work. It is up to the EPC contractor to identify and avoid sensitive marine environments. In addition, the environmental performance of the contractor should be monitored during construction as described in the EMP. 6.2.6 Socioeconomic Resources Land Use The land on the Site is currently owned by the State and is not used for any agricultural or domestic purposes. Therefore, construction of the project will not result in the displacement of any land use activities. Aggregate Sources There are a number of stone and gravel quarrying operations in river valleys close to the site. These operations will provide sufficient resources for construction requirements without depleting the local resource. However, when actual aggregate requirements become known, further investigations of the aggregate sources should be undertaken. In addition, off site sources of fill should be identified and the appropriate approvals should be obtained prior to opening a borrow site. Such sites should be regraded and revegetated following use. Fisheries Water construction activities associated with the pipelines for the cooling water intake and discharge systems should be performed during periods of low fish activity. Experienced marine contractors with environmental procedures in place should be contracted to perform all work. Coastal Navigation It is not anticipated that construction activities will significantly interfere with coastal navigation of shipping or passenger vessels. All barges, buoys, and watercraft associated with the construction project should be clearly marked and illuminated at night. Transportation Delivery of construction material to the site may put considerable pressure on existing roadways, particularly in the Vlore area. To alleviate some of this pressure, the main access roads will be upgraded to accommodate the additional loading and traffic. Scheduling the 62 Project# 1003316.013901 C.< / *MWH ALBANIA MINISTRY OF INDUSTRYAND ENERGY Final Environmental ImpactAssessment delivery of major plant components for off-peak traffic times can also help to mitigate impacts on the local traffic flow. For more information see the EMP section of this report. 6.3 OPERATION PHASE: SOURCES OF POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS The generation facility will operate in base load mode. The plant will employ approximately 40 full-time staff. It is further assumed that the plant will experience up to 200 starts per year. The main components of the plant are the combustion turbines, the HRSG's, the steam turbine, and auxiliary equipment. Each CT will be connected to its own HRSG. Exhaust steam from the ST will be condensed on a surface condenser cooled by a once-through seawater cooling system. Fuel for the plant is expected to be distillate fuel oil delivered by tanker to the existing offshore terminal in the Bay of Vlore. A new 4,900 m3 oil storage tank will be constructed to provide dedicated onsite 10-day storage. The major sources of potential environmental impacts that could result from operation of the plant include air quality impacts from fuel combustion, seawater thermal impacts from the discharge of cooling water, and surface water quality impacts from the discharge of low volume wastes from plant operation, storm water handling and sewage treatment. Other potential sources of environmental impacts include spillage from fuel storage, and small volume solid and hazardous waste generation. 6.4 OPERATION PHASE: ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES 6.4.1 Atmospheric Environment Air emissions will result from combustion of fuel for power generation. The plant will fire distillate fuel oil as the single fuel, however future operation on natural gas is possible if a dependable supply becomes available. A typical distillate fuel analysis is provided in Table 6.5. This fuel specification meets the EU directive on distillate fuels. TABLE 6.5 TYPICAL FUEL ANALYSIS Component Value °API 32 Specific gravity 60/60°F (15.5°C) 0.865 Kinematic viscosity, centistokes(cs) at 100°F 2.7 ASTM maximum kinematic viscosity, cs 3.4 (104°F) ASTM water and sediment, max. vol. % 0.05 Project# 1003316.013901 63 C./ *MWH ALBANIA MINISTRY OF INDUSTRYAND ENERGY Final Environmental ImpactAssessment Carbon residue, wt% Trace Gross heating value, Btu/lb 19,489 Net heating value, Btu/lb 18,320 Sulfur, wt% <0.5 as S Actual fuel analysis will be based on the fuel contract negotiated by KESH. The emissions to the ambient air from combustion of distillate fuel oil in a combustion turbine dioxide include sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon (CO2), particulate matter less than 10 microns (PM,o) and total suspended particulate (TSP). The particulates may contain small amounts of trace metals that are also emitted to the atmosphere. The generation facility will be designed to meet the more stringent of European Union (EU) or World Bank emission standards and ambient air quality impact limits. Albania does not currently have emission standards for thermal power plants. The applicable emission standards are summarized in Table 3.2. S02 emissions will be controlled by limiting the sulfur content of the fuel. NOx emissions will be controlled through burner management and water injection to the combustion turbines. Particulate emissions can be reduced through good combustion control to minimize the products of incomplete combustion. Detailed emission estimates for the Vlore Generation Facility are included in Table 3.2. An air quality analysis is performed utilizing refined air dispersion modeling to evaluate the ambient air quality impacts from the proposed facility. The World Bank generally recommends the use of refined models for large thermal power facilities. However, to be conservative, refined modeling is performed for the Vlore facility to obtain a more accurate estimate of impacts to ambient air quality. The results of the air dispersion modeling are used to demonstrate compliance with World Bank, EU air quality standards. The air quality requirements for thermal generating plants include: * The project cannot result in an impact greater than 5 micrograms per cubic meters 3 of the (pg/m ) for NOx, SO2, PM,o (annual mean) for protection of the deterioration airshed * The project cannot result in reducing the air quality to the "poor air quality" classification for NOx, S02, and PM1o * The project cannot result in ambient air quality impacts in exceedence of the international standards: The air quality impacts on the surrounding area resulting from the planned power plant are estimated through air dispersion modeling and the model output is compared to the ambient standards. In addition, because of limited data and the lack of nearby emission sources the facility is considered the baseline facility, and is the only emission source included in modeling to determine if the project reduces the area's air quality into the "poor air quality classification." 64 Project# 1003316.013901 SC Ideally, if reliable data on background air quality and emissions from surrounding stationary sources were available, that data would be included inthe air quality impact assessment. No such data is available so the analysis is based on the assumption of moderate air quality and no surrounding sources. The combustion emission unit consists of two distillate fuel oil-fired combustion turbines, each equipped with a HRSG. There is no supplemental firing in the HRSG's. The exhaust discharge points include two stacks; one from each HRSG. The facility emissions are calculated in accordance with the methodologies outlined in the World Bank Pollution and Prevention Handbook (Handbook). A facility heat balance was performed utilizing several ambient conditions and turbine operating conditions in a reduced load analysis. The worst-case emissions in combination with the lowest exhaust velocity and temperature resulting from the reduced load analysis are utilized in the dispersion modeling analysis because they represent the conditions with the highest potential air quality impact (See Heat Balance - Table D-1 in Appendix D). The emissions were modeled assuming 100 percent capacity factor. A summary of emissions utilized in the dispersion model is provided inTable 6.6. TABLE 6.6 COMBUSTION TURBINE DISPERSION MODELING EMISSIONS Pollutant Turbine Stack Emissions (g/s)y CO 12.7 NO, 11.7 S02 7.0 PM1o 1.3 NA = Not Applicable (1) Emission value per gas turbine stack; there are 2 stacks per power generation unit. The hazardous air pollutants (HAP) emissions are provided in (See HAP Summary - Table D- 2 in Appendix D). The total annual HAP emissions are 2.6 tonnes/year. The Handbook recommends that ambient air impacts be performed for facilities with the potential to emit more than fifty metric tons of hazardous air pollutants. Therefore, the HAP emissions are not considered significant and are not included inthe air dispersion modeling. The emission of unburned hydrocarbons and NOx may contribute to ground-level ozone formation. These pollutants participate in atmospheric reactions to form ozone in the presence of sunlight. To assess the impact of these pollutants in ozone formation, reactive plume modeling must be performed. No such reactive plume modeling is performed as part of this EIA. It is assumed that the plant will have no impact on local ozone levels and small, if any, impact on far-field ozone concentrations. 65 Project# 1003316.013901 CYC / *MWH ALBANIA MINISTRY OF INDUSTRYAND ENERGY Final Environmental ImpactAssessment In addition, as of September 2003, the government of Albania has not ratified the Kyoto Protocol on global climate change. The C02 emissions from the proposed facility are approximately 76 tonnes per year. For calendar year 1999, the country of Albania emitted 151,417 tonnes of C02. The proposed plant represents less than 0.05% of that total. No modeling or further consideration is given for the facilities C02 emissions. 6.4.2 Model Selection Refined modeling involves the use of Gaussian Plume Models that evaluate near-field (less than 50 km from the source) impacts. These models also assume that pollutants do not decompose in the atmosphere (non-reactive) and do not account for long-range transport or atmospherically reactive pollutants. The Gaussian models are expected to produce results close to monitored values. The available models are similar in design and performance; however, each model has different flexibility in regards to input conditions (i.e. different terrain conditions, averaging periods, pollutants). The following are common Guassian models, as described in the World Bank Pollution and Prevention Handbook (Handbook). * ISC3 (Industrial Source Complex) model - Has capabilities to model stack, area, and volume sources. The model addresses complex terrain (i.e. terrain greater than the stack height) in a simple algorithm. ISC3 is one of the "preferred models" by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) because it has been field-tested and meets certain technical criteria. The model is available intwo versions: short-term (ISCST3) and long-term (ISCLT3). * CTDMPLUS (Complex Terrain Dispersion) model - This model is appropriate for areas with complex terrain. This model is also listed as "preferred" due to the validation of the model through field testing. * UK-ADMS - Developed by the United Kingdom Meteorological Office Atmospheric Dispersion Modeling System. * PARADE - Developed by Electricite de France * PLUME5 - Developed by Pacific Gas & Electric Company in San Ramon, California. The model is applicable to NO2 and SO2 , but not to particulate matter. For the Vlore project analysis, the USEPA model, Industral Source Complex Short Term - Version 3 (ISCST3) with the Plume Rise Model Enhancement (ISC-PRIME) algorithms were used to estimate the maximum off-property concentrations of CO, NO2, PM1o, and SO2 at ground-level. ISCST3 is mentioned in the Handbook as a preferred model, has undergone field-testing, and does not require code modifications or calibration for the proposed facility. The PRIME algorithm is the next generation of building downwash modeling and accounts for buoyant plume rise of hot exhaust gas. The Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) developed prime algorithm to ISCST3. The latest version of the model (dated 00101) is used for this impact assessment. 66 Project# 1003316.013901 eC *;MWH ALBANIA MINISTRY OF INDUSTRYAND ENERGY Final Environmental lmpactAssessment An independent evaluation of ISCST3 and ISC-PRIME was conducted by EPRI in November 1997. The model verification included a monitoring network, tracer studies, and wind tunnel studies under a variety of meteorological conditions (stable, unstable, neutral) including coastal environments. The findings of this evaluation showed that ISC-PRIME is generally unbiased and conservative in its results. Therefore, the model is protective of air quality'. Modeling is performed using the USEPA regulatory default option in the program. This option includes stack height adjustment for stack-tip downwash, buoyancy-induced dispersion, and final plume rise. Downwash may occur if the emission source is adjacent to a building or structure and may interfere with plume rise (i.e. cause wake effects). Therefore, direction- specific building parameters are determined for the downwash algorithms included in the model. These parameters are calculated using the Building Profile Input Program (BPIP) with the PRIME algorithm (BPIP-PRIME), version 95086. All structures and buildings with potential wake effects on the plume are included in the BPIP-PRIME run. In addition, the Good Engineering Practice (GEP) stack height are determined using BPIP-PRIME. All structures and buildings with potential wake effects on the plume were included in the BPIP-PRIME run. The Industrial Source Complex Short Term - Version 3 (ISCST3) with the Plume Rise Model Enhancement (ISC-PRIME) algorithms was used to estimate the maximum off-property concentrations of NOx, PM,o, and S02 at ground level. ISCST3 is mentioned in the Handbook as a preferred model, has undergone field-testing, and will not require code modifications or calibration for the proposed facility. The PRIME algorithm is the next generation of building downwash modeling and accounts for buoyant plume rise of hot exhaust gas. The Electrc Power Research Institute developed prime algorithm to ISCST3. The model version 99020 will be used for this impact assessment. Modeling was performed using the regulatory default option in the program. This option includes stack height adjustment for stack-tip downwash, buoyancy-induced dispersion, and final plume rise. Direction-specific building parameters were determined for the downwash algorithms included in the model. These parameters were calculated using the Building Profile Input Program (BPIP) with the PRIME algorithm (BPIP-PRIME), version 95086. Emission Source and Building Parameters The modeling utilizes a site-specific metric coordinate system for defining stack, structure, and receptor locations. The emission source parameters for the combustion turbine stacks utilized inthe dispersion model are summarized in Table 6.7. TABLE 6.7 COMBUSTION TURBINE STACK PARAMETERS Stack x Y Elevation Height (i) Temp (K) Velocity Diameter coordinate Coordinate (m) HT (m/s) (m) Stack 1 157.5 | -142.5 1.5 46.9 399.4 | 24.7 2.67 l Electric Power Research Institute. Results of the Independent Evaluation of ISCST3 and/SC- PRIME EPRI TR-2460026, November 1997. 67 Project# 1003316.013901 <7/- *MWH ALBANIA MINISTRY OF INDUSTRYAND ENERGY Final Environmental ImpactAssessment I Stack 2 | 187.5 | -123 | 1.5 46.9 | 399.4 | 24.7 | 2.67 The dispersion of plume can be affected by nearby structures when the stack is short enough to allow the plume to be significantly influenced by surrounding building turbulence, known as structure-induced downwash. This condition causes the model to predict higher near-field, ground level concentrations. Therefore, facility stack heights are determined using the GEP stack height to avoid the modeled turbulent flow associated with downwash caused by nearby structures. Additionally, structures and buildings with potential wake effects on the plume are included in the BPIP-PRIME run. Table 6.8 contains the detailed building parameters. TABLE 6.8 BUILDING PARAMETERS Elevation Height Length Width Radius Building X Coordinate Y Coordinate (m) (m) (x) (Y) (m) Air Intake Unit 1 97.5 -82.5 1.5 12 7.2 4.8 NA Air Intake Unit 2 153 -50 1.5 12 7.2 4.8 NA Equipment 81 -147 1.5 6 18 24 NA Service Building 8 Exhaust Duct 1 107.3 -76.4 1.5 5.5 7.2 14.4 NA Exhaust Duct 2 147.4 -53.6 1.5 5.5 7.2 -14.4 NA Inlet Elbow Duct 153.2 -50.1 1.5 9.5 7.2 -6.6 NA Inlet Elbow Duct 101.7 -80 1.5 9.5 7.2 6.6 NA 2 Turbine Building 49.5 -96 1.5 18.3 27 36.5 NA Water Treatment 63.8 -118.9 1.5 6.1 15.2 18.4 NA Fire/Service 52.5 -124.5 1.5 12.2 NA NA 6.4 Water Demineralized 42 -112.5 1.5 12.2 NA NA 7.2 Water Fuel Oil Tank 1 66 18 1.5 12.2 NA NA 11.6 Note: The buildings are on a 58 degree angle from the east-west horizontal datum NA = Not Applicable 68 Project# 1003316.013901 C/ *DMWH ALBANIA MINISTRY OF INDUSTRYAND ENERGY Final Environmental ImpactAssessment Meteorological Data The World Bank guidelines for air dispersion modeling from a source of air pollutants of the size of the proposed plant suggest screening modeling as opposed to refined modeling. Screening modeling uses default meteorological data and predict pollutant concentration on a linear path from the source. Screening modeling does not incorporate receptor elevations to account for complex terrain. Refined modeling was performed in support of this EIA using the ISCST3 model. The ISCST3 modeling performed incorporates a 3-dimensional receptor grid, 5-years of hourly meteorological data, and a nested grid that ensures that the maximum predicted concentration in any direction from the source is included in the results. ISCST3 uses hourly meteorological data in a Fortran formatted input file. The data includes hourly wind speed, wind direction, and temperature, and upper air stability and mixing height data. One can build the formatted input file from raw meteorological data by writing and running a program that reads the raw data in whatever format it may exist, and creates a formatted output file. However, raw data from a location close to the site for use in this EIA was not found. The decision was made to use the San Francisco International Airport data based on the average wind speeds presented in Table 6.9. Each receptor in the grid is evaluated based on a variety of wind conditions when using 5- years of hourly meteorological data. The variety inwind conditions and the conservative (over prediction) nature of the ISCST3 model results in appropriate concentration predictions. The model is conservative in itself and the modeling performed for the EIA is made more conservative by using the "worst case" emission rates coupled with the lowest stack flowrate and the lowest stack temperature - conditions that are a combination of different operating scenarios but result in the most conservative approach from a modeling point of view. The maximum values predicted by the model, although spatially determined, are used for comparison to the standard. In other words, it is not important for the determination of an acceptable impact where the maximum predicted concentration occurs relative to the facility, the maximum predicted value is the value used to assess the impact. As discussed above, air modeling for the Vlore power plant project is performed using meteorological data sets from the National Weather Service stations at San Francisco International Airport (USA) (surface data - station #23234) and Oakland (upper air data - station #23230) for the most recent five consecutive years available (1987-1990). The raw data was processed utilizing PCRAMMET (version 99169) to import into the ISC-PRIME model. TABLE 6.9 COMPARISON OF TEMPERATURE AND WIND SPEED DATA Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Temperature (oC) Vlore 9 10 12 15 18 22 25 24 22 18 15 11 San Francisco 9 11 11 13 14 16 17 17 18 16 12 9 69 Project# 1003316.013901 e Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Wind Speed (m/s) Vlore 3.8 3.9 4.1 4.2 4.4 4.6 4.5 4.4 4.0 3.9 3.8 3.7 San Francisco 3.1 3.6 4.4 5.3 5.8 6.1 5.8 5.6 4.7 4.2 3.3 3.1 Data Sources: San Francisco: temperature &wind speed: www. weatherpost. com, accessed July 25, 2002 Vlore: temperature - Albanian Academy of Science, Hydrometeorologic Institute, 1931-1991 Terrain/Land Use Analysis The modeling is preformed using a site-specific metric coordinate system for defining stack, structure, and receptor locations. The surrounding area consists of coastal lands, sea, foothills and mountains. Local topographic maps indicate that complex terrain (terrain above the stack height) occurs in the project impact area. Therefore, receptor elevations are obtained from topographic maps (Republika Popullore Socialiste e Shqiperise maps) and incorporated into the air dispersion model. ISCST3 requires a land use assessment using Auer's analysis to classify the site to determine the proper dispersion mode - urban or rural. Although the site is adjacent to an urban area, the rural dispersion mode provides less atmospheric mixing and is more conservative. Therefore, the site is classified as rural for the purpose of dispersion modeling. Receptor Grid Two Cartesian receptor grids, fine and coarse, are used inthe modeling to cover the complete impact area. The fine grid is 1 km by 1 km, with the facility located in the center to include receptors with concentration peaks over 2/3 of the standard. A 100-meter resolution is incorporated for the fine grid and includes fenceline receptors. Additionally, the dispersion model contains a 10 km by 10 km coarse grid with a 500-meter resolution. Initial screening modeling determined that maximum concentrations occur on the southwest edge of the coarse grid. The maximum concentrations are influenced by the complex terrain in this region. Therefore, the coarse grid was extended 1500 meters to the southwest of the facility to verify the location of the maximum concentration. Additional discrete receptors are placed at various mountain peaks to determine impacts at the maximum area elevations. Modeling Results Table 6.10 shows a summary of the dispersion modeling results. The detailed modeling results (results for all five meteorological years) are provided in Appendix D, Table D-3. The modeled impacts for CO, NOx, PMo,and SO2 are within the World Bank and European Union 1 3 air quality standards. The results also display that facility impacts are within the 5 pg/M standard to protect the quality of the airshed. 70 Project # 1003316.013901 ALBANIA MINISTRY OF INDUSTRYAND ENERGY Final Environmental ImpactAssessment TABLE 6.10 SUMMARY OF DISPERSION MODEL RESULTS AND AIR QUALITY STANDARDS , W.M. .0 I OS Pl. * - W IN 6,I lilsi*. S**F 66 6"ii 3 l 1I1RIMMa Modeled 3 3 3 Standards (pg/mr ) Modeled Standards (pg/M ) Modeled Standards (pg/M ) Modeled Standards (pg/M ) Impacts Impacts Impacts 3 Impacts (plg/Mr) World European /M3) World (pIg/rn ) World mpacMt Banka Unionb Banka Banka Union g CO . 40.9 10,000 == NOx 3.1 100 30c, 40 16.2 150 89.3 200 PM 10 0.3 50 40 1.8 150 50 1 1__ _ S02 1.9 80 20d 9.7 150 125 53.4 350 Notes: D =Not Applicable a.Wodd Bank Polluton Preventon and Abatement Handbook, Thermal Power: Guidelines for New Plants - July 1998 b.Limit values are effecfive January 1,2005. All of these limit values include a maximum allowable occurrence of exceedance. c.Limit to protect vegetafion. d.Limit to protect ecosystems. Project 1003316.013901 71 (.( C MWH ALBANIA MINISTRY OF INDUSTRYAND ENERGY Final Environmental ImpactAssessment Figures 6.1 to 6.4 display isopleths (lines of equal concentration) for the maximum meteorological year (1990) for NOx, PM10, CO, and S02 (annual averaging period). The maximum receptors are located southwest of the facility where the terrain elevation increases. The elevation in the vicinity of the maximum receptor is 70 meters. FIGURE 6.1 ISOPLETH PLOT - NOx ANNUAL AVERAGING PERIOD MODELING RESULTS 6000, 4000 0.5 2000- -° ) N meters Proposed . 0 VIor6 Site -2000 -4000 -4000 -2000 0 2000 4000 66000 meters 2~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~7 3 Note: concentration units = tgIM , 1990 meteorological year 72 Project # 1003316.013901 ALBANIA MINISTRY OF INDUSTRYAND ENERGY Final Environmental ImpactAssessment EMWH FIGURE 6.2 ISOPLETH PLOT - PMio ANNUAL AVERAGING PERIOD MODELING RESULTS 6000 4000 0.1 0.2 , 2 000 . a)..0 E 0/ Proposed UA' Vlore Site -2000 -4000 - l l I I -4000 -2000 0 2000 4000 6000 meters 3 Note: concentration units = pg/M , 1990 meteorological year 73 Project# 1003316.013901 CVPV * ALBANIA MINISTRY OF INDUSTRYAND ENERGY Final Environmental ImpactAssessment FIGURE 6.3 ISOPLETH PLOT - CO ANNUAL AVERAGING PERIOD MODELING RESULTS 6000 - 1 4000- 2000 ...... 0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~1 Proposed a.0 Vlore Site -2000 - -4000 - Il l l I e x -4000 -2000 0 2000 4000 6000 meters Note: concentration units = pg/M3, 1990 meteorological year 74 Project# 1003316.013901 ALBANIA MINISTRY OF INDUSTRYAND ENERGY Final Environmental ImpactAssessment _ FIGURE 6.4 ISOPLETH PLOT - S02 ANNUAL AVERAGING PERIOD MODELING RESULTS 6000. 40001 20001 U, Proposed 06 Vlore Site -200w (1.7 -4000- I_ II_ -4000 -2000 0 2000 4000 6000 meters 3 Note: concentration units = gg/m , 1990 meteorological year 75 Project # 1003316.013901 9X *(MWH ALBANIA MINISTRY OF INDUSTRYAND ENERGY Final Environmental ImpactAssessment 6.4.3 Ambient Air Quality The World Bank, ERBD, and EIB air quality standards for thermal generating plants also require that the project cannot result in reducing the air quality to the "poor air quality" classification for NOx, SO2, and PM1o. Table 6.11 lists the Handbook criteria for air quality classifications. TABLE 6.11 AIR QUALITY CLASSIFICATIONS Pollutant Moderate Air Quality Poor Air Quality (sIg/h3)1 (Glg/3)1 NOx >100 >200 PM1o >50 >100 S02 >50 >100 (1) Annual mean concentrations There is no regular monitoring system for air pollution in Albania. Therefore, it is difficult to find accurate baseline data regarding background air quality. No data exists that indicates the presence of other heavy industries currently operating in the vicinity of the facility that contribute to the ambient pollutant concentrations. The Regional Environmental Agency in Vlore reported 2001 baseline data provided by the Vlore REA can be seen in the following table: TABLE 6.12 BASELINE AIR QUALITY DATA -VLORE l_. _.0 0 NOx 22 PM1o NR S0 2 15 NR = Not Reported Note: Data regarding measurement criteria/frequency is not available. The data inTable 6.10 indicates that the impact of the emissions from the planned facility will result in the air quality in Vlore to remain within the "moderate" category. Facility emissions are acceptable and will not result in reclassification of the airshed air quality to the "poor' air quality classification. The input and output for the air dispersion modeling are included in Appendix C of this report. 6.4.4 Noise Significant noise levels can result from operation of the turbines and be emitted at various points. These points include the turbines, the exhaust gas, the air intake system, and the air- 76 Project# 1003316.013901 SY( * MWH ALBANIA MINISTRY OF INDUSTRYAND ENERGY Final Environmental ImpactAssessment cooling system. The transformers in the switchyard can also generate significant noise levels. There is no background noise data for the site. The Generation Facility is expected to operate in a manner that adheres to the more stringent of EU or World Bank guidelines for noise emissions. When operated in combined cycle mode, the combustion turbines emit less noise than in simple cycle mode because of the silencing effect of the HRSG. A silencer for the HRSG stack is normally not necessary to meet the noise guidelines. The combustion turbines will be housed in an enclosure and the manufacturers information on such an arrangement is that the turbines will produce 85 decibel (A) (dB(A)) of noise. The dB(A) scale measures the sound intensity over the whole range of different audible frequencies (different pitches), and then it uses a weighing scheme which accounts for the fact that the human ear has a different sensitivity to each different sound frequency. Table 6.13 shows the relative noise levels generated by various sources of noise. TABLE 6.13 RELATIVE NOISE LEVELS Sound Level Threshold of Whisper Hearing Talking City Traffic Rock Concert Jet Engine 10 mAway dB(A) 0 | 30 60 | 90 | 120 | 150 The energy in sound waves (and thus the sound intensity) will drop with the square of the distance to the sound source. In other words, the sound level 200 m away from a noise source will generally be one quarter of what it is 100 m away. A doubling of the receptor distance will thus make the dB(A) level drop by six, assuming that sound reflection and absorption (if any) cancel one another out. Sound absorption and reflection (from soft or hard surfaces) may play a role on a particular site, and may modify this relationship. If there are two noise sources located at the same distance from the receptor the sound energy reaching the receptor will double. This means that two turbines will increase the sound level by 3 dB(A). One would actually need ten turbines placed at the same distance from the receptor to double the perceived sound level (i.e. the dB level has increased by 10). It is expected that the noise levels from the equipment planned for the Vlore project will meet the combustion turbine vendor guidelines of 85 dB(A). This level applies to enclosed turbines. This means that the combined noise level is 88 dB(A). There are no sensitive receptors within 100 m of the site; therefore, this is an acceptable level of noise impact. The EPC contractor will be expected to meet stringent limits on near field and far field noise impacts. For near field noise the noise levels at any location on the plant site, whether indoor or outdoor, shall be specified to be limited to 85 dB(A) through acoustic mitigation at a distance of 3 feet or further from any equipment and 5 feet above grade or any personnel platform at 1 meter. Any specific areas in which the Contractor can demonstrate that the 85 77 Project# 1003316.013901 e Within any enclosure intended to suppress noise, it will not be necessary to achieve the 85 dB(A) noise criteria. The Contractor's design shall, however, include reasonable measures to restrict noise. In no case shall the noise level exceed 115 dB(A) if operating staff is able to enter the enclosure with the plant in operation, unless the Contractor has previously demonstrated that it is not practicable (either technically or economically) to satisfy this criterion. Where it is possible that operating staff may enter the noise suppression buildings or enclosures for supervisory purposes or minor repair work with the plant operating, the access doors shall be clearly marked with a symbol designating a noise hazard and indicating that hearing protection is required. For far field noise, the A-weighted sound pressure level resulting from the operation of the facility at base load steady state conditions, exclusive of start up, shut down, and all other off- normal conditions, shall be designed to not exceed a maximum of 70 dB(A) at any point along the main road east of the site. The sound pressure levels shall be corrected to exclude the contribution of the background noise and any other noise not associated with the normal operation of the facility. 6.4.5 Marine Environment There are three significant areas of potential marine environment impact to consider during operation of the plant: * The potential for oil spills during oil delivery via ship/barge * The water intake structure entraining and impinging marine life * The thermal discharge of the once-through cooling system Oil Spills The potential for oil spills during oil delivery can occur through the shipping, unloading, and transfer of the fuel to onsite storage. Unloading operations may result in limited oil spillage to the sea during unloading by employing BMPs. These releases can be minimized through operational procedures. A floating oil boom should be used to contain spillage during ship unloading and disconnection procedures. In addition, there is also a potential for failure of the transfer pipeline or the mooring buoy. This potential can be minimized through frequent inspection and maintenance of those facilities. Water Intake Water intake from the Bay of Vlore for the once-through cooling system may affect a localized zone of the marine ecosystem where the intake structure is located. The primary impacts of concern are impingement of marine life on the intake screens and entrainment of marine 78 Project# 1003316.013901 C, Generally, the effects on planktonic organisms can be expected to be small and difficult to measure. Entrainment of larval fish and shellfish and juvenile shellfish can be significant and should be minimized through intake design. Design parameters that can be used to minimize the impact on fish communities are location, inlet spacing, and inlet velocity. An intake bar screen will be utilized to prevent large fish from being entrained in the system. A traveling screen will be utilized prior to the circulating water pump suctions. Impingement of these fish on these screens can have adverse effects on both the marine life and plant operation. The water inlet velocity will be less than 1 m/s to minimize impingement of fish and other material on the screens. Thermal Discharge Once-through plant cooling water that is discharged to the Bay of Vlore will increase water temperatures in the vicinity of the discharge location. Industry standards and international regulations concerning thermal discharges generally allocate a specific mixing zone for initial assimilation of process water discharge into a receiving body of water and prescribe maximum discharge temperatures and maximum temperature increases. Modeling In order to assess potential thermal impacts from the proposed facility, modeling is performed to determine the potential increase in water temperature to demonstrate compliance with the World Bank thermal liquid discharge limit of less than or equal to three degrees Celsius (oC). Thermal impact modeling is performed utilizing the Cornell Mixing Zone Expert System (CORMIX), developed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and Cornell University. CORMIX was developed to predict pollution discharges into diverse water bodies (rivers, lakes, coastal waters). CORMIX can predict mixing for both conservative and non-conservative first-order decay processes (for toxic pollutants), and can simulate heat transfer from thermal discharges. The model is the USEPA-recommended and internationally accepted analysis tool for point source discharges and has been validated with field and laboratory data. CORMIX can be used to analyze three different discharge scenarios: submerged single port discharges (CORMIX 1), submerged multi-port diffuser discharges (CORMIX 2) and buoyant surface discharges (CORMIX 3). The model is applicable to steady water body ambient conditions as well as tidal and reversal conditions. Predictions of the plume geometry and characteristics of the initial mixing processes are the emphasis of the model; however, the model can predict the behavior of the discharge plume at greater distances (i.e. distances beyond the initial dilution zone). 79 Project# 1003316.013901 G.MW1 ALBANIA MINISTRY OF INDUSTRYAND ENERGY Final Environmental ImpactAssessment In general, the mixing behavior of the cooling water discharge is attributed to the ambient conditions of the receiving water, discharge conditions of the cooling water, and the outfall geometry. The worst-case thermal modeling scenario was evaluated in accordance with the facility water balance (Appendix C). The worst-case scenario was selected for the operating condition resulting in the highest temperature differential between the effluent and the ambient water body temperature of the Adriatic Sea. This scenario was selected to demonstrate that the cooling water discharge produces acceptable thermal impacts during worst-case operating conditions. The CORMIX modeling input parameters are presented inTable 6.14. TABLE 6.14 CORMIX MODEL INPUT PARAMETERS Input Parameters AMBIENT DATA: Ambient flow field Steady Water body type Unbounded Water body depth 2.6 m Water body depth at ouffall 2.6 m Water body ambient velocity 0.257 m/s Bottom friction Darcy-Weisbach 'f 0.025 Ambient water body type Salt Water Average water body density 1.0285 (13.8 OC) Ambient density of water column Uniform Ambient wind speed 2 m/s DISCHARGE DATA: Multi-port (CORMIX Type of discharge port 2) Side of bank in direction of current Right Distance from bank to first diffuser 586.8 m port ______Distance from bank to last diffuser 600 m port ______Diffuser length 13.2 m 80 Project# 1003316.013901 ALBANIA MINISTRY OF INDUSTRYAND ENERGY Final Environmental ImpactAssessment (OMWH Input Parameters Number of openings 12 Port diameter 0.15 Vertical angle of discharge 00 (THETA) Angle between current and port 00 centerlines (SIGMA) Alignment angle between port 900 centerlines and diffuser (BETA) Alignment angle between current 900 and diffuser axis (GAMMA) Height of outfall from ocean floor 0.15 m EFFLUENT DATA: Total Diffuser Effluent Flow 1.93 m3/s Effluent type Salt Water Effluent density 1.0255 (25.260C) Heated Discharge Yes 2 Surface Heat Exchange Coefficient 17.3 W/moC Effluent Temperature 11.4 OC Region of Interest '(distance out 500 m from discharge) Output Grid Interval 50 'Modeled distance out from discharge point. Ambient Data The ambient data defines the geometric and hydrographic conditions in the vicinity of the outfall discharge. CORMIX analyses are performed under the assumption of a steady state ambient condition. Although an actual water environment is not truly in a steady-state condition, this assumption is typically adequate for most water bodies because mixing processes are rapid relative to the time scale of hydrographic variations. CORMIX has the ability to compute plume dispersion in unsteady tidal reversing flows; however, the southern Adriatic Sea does not experience significant tides (rarely above 40 cm'). Therefore, it is unlikely that plume re-entrainment will occur due to tidal currents in the vicinity of the ouffall. Additionally, re-entrainment is more of a concern for toxic pollutants than 1 Average current speed of the Adriatic Sea, Hydrographic and Oceanographic Data: www.planetadria.com. 81 Project# 1003316.013901 'C( CORMIX describes the actual cross-section of the ambient water body as laterally bounded (river or stream) or unbounded (lake or coastal water), and uniform in the downstream direction (i.e. not meandering). The uniform, unbounded cross-section assumption utilized in CORMIX is acceptable for the planned Vlore plant due to the consistent coastline geometry and within 1km off shore of the facility. The facility outfall pipe is assumed to extend 600 meters offshore at a 45-degree angle from the shoreline. According to the Republika Popullore Socialiste e Shqiperise map (K-34-123-D- b-1 and D-b-2), the ocean bathymetry shows a water depth of 2.6 meters at 600 meters offshore (slope 0.046 m/m). Therefore, 2.6 meters was utilized as the water body depth in the CORMIX model. The average speed of the currents in the Adriatic Sea is 0.5 knots1 (0.257 m/s). The Darcy- Weisbach friction coefficient "f' is utilized by CORMIX to describe the bottom characteristics of the water body. The CORMIX User's Manual 2 recommends a range of 0.020 to 0.030 (larger values for rougher conditions) for lakes or coastal areas. A value of 0.025 was assumed to describe bottom conditions in the vicinity of the outfall. Salt water was specified for the ambient water, and the salt water density is a function of pressure, temperature, and salinity. The salt water density was calculated3 utilizing a salinity of 38 parts per thousand (ppt)4, pressure of 2.6 decibar (dbar) (pressure at a depth of 2.6 meters), and water body temperature of 13.8 oc. The density profile at the 2.6 meter depth is assumed to be uniform; the vertical variation in temperature at a depth of 2.6 meters is not expected to exceed 1 oc (vertical variations less than 1 oc can be neglected in CORMIX). An ambient wind speed of two m/s was utilized per the CORMIX User's Manual recommendations for a conservative design condition. Discharge Data: CORMIX 2 CORMIX requires discharge geometry characteristics to establish a reference coordinate system. The geometry includes: * Location of nearest bank in the direction of the current 2 G.H. Jirka, R.L. Donekar, and S.W. Hinton. Users Manual for CORMIX: A Hydrodynamic Mixing Zone Model and Decision Support System for Pollutant Discharges into Surface Waters. September, 1996. 3 R. Chapman. A Sea WaterEquation of State Calculator. Johns Hopkins University. February 23, 2000. 4 Average salinity of the Adriatic Sea, Hydrographic and Oceanographic Data: www.planetadria.com. 82 Project# 1003316.013901 ALBANIA MINISTRY OF INDUSTRYAND ENERGY Final Environmental ImpactAssessment _ * Distance to the nearest bank * Outfall diameter * Height of ouffall above the ocean floor * The vertical and horizontal angles of discharge The multi-port diffuser was designed assuming a port velocity range of 8 to 10 m/s. The total outlet circulating water flow was evaluated, and a conceptual design of 12 ports with a diameter of 0.15 meters was utilized to provide an adequate design velocity. The modeled diffuser design consists of the following parameters: 13.2 meters long, 12 ports with 1.2-meter spacing, extends 600 meters from the shore at a 45-degree angle (horizontal angle), and 0.15 meters from the ocean floor. The diffuser design is for conceptual modeling purposes and may be revised for the final facility design. Effluent Data The outfall water density was calculated from a salinity of 38 ppt, pressure of 2.6 dbar, and a water temperature of 25.26 oC. CORMIX allows for three types of pollutant discharges: conservative pollutant (pollutant that does not undergo decay/growth), non-conservative pollutant (pollutant that undergoes a first- order decay or growth process), or a heated discharge. For the purposes of this analysis, a heated discharge is selected. A heated discharge will experience heat loss to the atmosphere where the plume interacts with the water surface (usually occurs in far-field mixing). Therefore, a surface heat exchange coefficient is specified, and the coefficient is a function of ambient water temperature and wind speed. The heat exchange coefficient is 17.3 W/m2 oC (ambient water temperature of 13.8 oC and wind speed of 2 m/s)5. CORMIX interprets the thermal effluent concentration as the excess concentration above the ambient background concentration. Therefore, the effluent concentrations utilized in the model represent the excess temperature of the discharge over the ambient water body temperature (35.4 oC - 24.4 oC = 11 oC). The model region of interest is 500 m, which represents the region where mixing conditions are to be analyzed. The region of interest is the maximum analysis distance in the direction of mixed effluent flow. The edge of the mixing zone occurs at a distance of 23 meters from the multi-port diffuser; therefore a 500 m region of interest will provide analysis of the mixing zone and waters beyond (the mixing zone is described in the following section). The output grid interval ranges from 3 to 50 with the higher values providing the most detail. An interval of 50 was specified to determine final plume predictions, and provide detail for determining plume dimensions. 5 E. Adams, D. Harleman, G. Jirka and K. Stolzenbach. Heat Disposal in the Water Environment - Surface Heat Exchange Coefficient. Course Notes, R.M. Parsons Library, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1981. 83 Project# 1003316.013901 C. Figure 6.5 shows a schematic representation of the thermal diffuser for the power generation facility. The diffuser is a multi-port design with twelve diffuser ports. The diffuser rests on the seabed. Figure 6.5 Schematic of Multi-Port Diffuser for Thermal Discharge w+/~~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~ia i .. r ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~W~...--- ~- -- n i qt.u-i.,uw. ra, n- : _ p aS .. , "°"ze-So11.-, A ... v.. ~ ___r www %v w w^ Ž7 -- _,!.,1 Yf;s-' r~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Ie*tfI w J13S -/1sf CORMIX Model Output The CORMIX model output provides plume geometry as well as pollutant concentration at a reference distance from the outfall. CORMIX distinguishes two flow regions: near-field and far-field. The near field region mixing is caused by the initial flux of the discharge (volume, momentum, and buoyancy flux) and outfall geometry. This area is typically the jet subsurface 84 Project# 1003316.013901 7C.M ALBANIA MINISTRY OF INDUSTRYAND ENERGY Final Environmental ImpactAssessment |t ||a flow and any surface or bottom interaction. The far-field region mixing is influenced by the ambient water body conditions (current, density). In order to determine the plume region to demonstrate compliance with the thermal water quality requirements, a regulatory mixing zone is applied. A regulatory mixing zone is the region in which initial dilution of a discharge occurs (which can occur in the near-field or far- field mixing region). The USEPA established regulatory mixing zone definitions for discharges from diffusers. The mixing zone is established according to the USEPA guidance document Technical Support Document for Water Quality-based Toxics Control (EPA Publication EPA/505/2-90-001, 1991). The proposed mixing zone is 50 times the discharge length scale, which is defined as the square root of the cross-sectional area of the discharge port openings. The mixing zone calculation is as follows: [Tr(0.15 m)2 / 4] x 12 ports = 0.21 m2 '(0.21 m2) = 0.46 m 0.46 mx50 =23 m Therefore, for the purposes of this analysis, a rectangular mixing zone 23 meters in length is utilized to determine compliance with thermal water quality regulations. The mixing zone width will be determined by the plume half width dimensions provided in the CORMIX output file. The increase in temperature at the edge of the regulatory mixing zone is 0.87 oC. The CORMIX results determined that during worst-case conditions, and the temperature increase at the edge of the mixing zone is within the liquid discharge limit of less than or equal to 3 oC. It is unlikely that the thermal impacts of the cooling water discharge will be greater than the modeled results given the conservative nature (over predicting impacts) of the modeling, however, if the impacts are found to be greater than predicted after operation of the facility begins, modifications to the diffuser can be made to enhance diffusion of the thermal plume. The contractor building the facility to confirm these results based on the final design should do final thermal impact modeling. The model results indicate that there will be no adverse impacts to the Bay of Vlore or the Narta Lagoon from the thermal discharge. Chemical Discharge in Cooling Water Chemical discharge in the plant cooling water is expected to be negligible. The only chemical that will be directly added to the cooling system is sodium hypochlorite, which is added to prevent biofouling of cooling system components. Other than the hypochlorite addition, cooling water will simply be pumped from the sea, circulated once through the plant and discharged back to the sea. Chlorine concentrations in the process water will be maintained at or below 0.2 mg/l to minimize the effect of chlorine at the cooling water discharge point. The onsite membrane desalination system, demineralization system, and associated neutralization system will provide a brine concentrating effect for a very small portion of the total discharge flow. The World Bank discharge standard for residual chlorine is 0.2 mg/I. There are no EU or Albanian standards for such a discharge. There will be no adverse impacts on the Bay of Vlore or the Narta Lagoon from the chemical discharge from the plant. 85 Project# 1003316.013901 ¢. Wastewater Discharge The low flow wastewater discharge from the Project's SWTP is expected to meet international discharge criteria and is not expected to significantly impact the surrounding aquatic environment. Wastewater discharges will be designed to comply with the World Bank standards found in Table 6.15. There will be no adverse impacts on the Bay of Vlore or the Narta Lagoon from the wastewater discharge from the plant. Table 6.15 World Bank General Effluent Guidelines Parameter Effluent Guideline (mg/i except pH) PH 6-9 BOD5 50 COD 250 TSS 50 O&G 10 Phenol 0.5 Total: 1 CN- ~~~~~~~Free:0.1 N NH3: 10 P 2 F 20 Cl 0.2 Coliform 400MPN/100 ml Temp. *30C Increase Sulfide 1.0 86 Project# 1003316.013901 e( 9- GMWH ALBANIA MINISTRY OF INDUSTRYAND ENERGY Final Environmental lmpactAssessment X 7 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES To fulfill the Albanian Ministry of Energy's mandate to have a reliable supply of power and energy to its customers, the addition of new installed generation capacity is required. The 'without project' alternative would mean that Albania would not meet these commitments. The power project is greatly needed to meet the electrical demand in the country and to help to stabilize the electrical transmission system and minimize system losses. The Albanian electric power system is predominantly hydro, with hydropower representing more than 98 percent of the total electricity production in the country. These plants rely on water sources with a high degree of hydrologic variability. The existing hydropower plants in Albania produced 4,586 gigawatt-hours (GWh) in 2000 and 3,541 in 2001. Electricity generation from thermal generating units amounted to 144 GWh in 2000 and 137 GWh in 2001. In addition, net imports were 1,002 GWh in 2000 and 1,750 GWh in 2001.The plant mix in Albania consists of three large hydropower plants with large reservoirs, a number of smaller hydropower plants, and two thermal power plants. The three large hydropower plants are Komani (600 MW), Fierza (500 MW), and Vau i Dejes (250 MW). Small hydropower plants are Ulza (26.2 MW), Shkopeti (24 MW), Bistrica 1 (22.5 MW), Bistrica 2 (5 MW), Lanabregasi (5 MW), and Smokthina (9 MW). As shown in Table 7.1, the total installed capacity of hydropower plants inAlbania is 1,442 MW. TABLE 7.1 EXISTING HYDROPOWER PLANTS Hydro Installed 2001 Annual Plant Capacity Generation Name (MW) (GWh) Komani 600 1,521 Fierza 500 885 Vau i Deyes 250 779 Bistrica 1 23 88 Small HPP's 69 268 TOTAL 1,442 3,541 Source: NAE The two thermal power plants are Fier and Ballsh. Fier has six units with a total installed capacity of 159 MW, while Ballsh has two units with a total installed capacity of 24 MW. The Ballsh power plant stopped producing electricity in 1996. Currently, it only provides process services to the refinery nearby. Both power plants are rather old and invery poor operating condition. The maximum continuous power outputs of generating units are significantly lower than their rated power. The total available capacity of all thermal generating units in 2000 87 Project# 1003316.013901 V *MWH ALBANIA MINISTRY OF INDUSTRYAND ENERGY Final Environmental ImpactAssessment was estimated at about 100 MW. The main characteristics of the Fier thermal generating units are presented in Table 7.2. TABLE 7.2 EXISTING THERMAL GENERATING UNITS Unit Installed Net Available Heat Fuel Capacity Capacity Rate Name (m)Type (MW) (MW) (kJ/kWh) Fier 1-2 2 X 12 2 X7.5 12,700 HFO* Fier 3-5 3 X 25 3 X 17.5 12,700 HFO* Fier 6 60 37.7 12,700 HFO* TOTAL 159 105.2 - *Heavy Fuel Oil Source: NAE Two studies were conducted as part of an in depth alternative analysis; The Final Siting Study and the Final Feasibility Study, both conducted by MWH and issued in October 2002. In the Final Siting Study, a number of alternative locations, fuels, and generation technologies for a new generation plant were examined. The evaluation criteria used inthe study are as follows: * Environmental remediation - Many of the identified sites were located in brownfield locations. MWH evaluated each site in terms of whether environmental remediation would potentially be needed. Due to the potential for large clean-up costs and the importance of environmental clean-up to multilateral financial institutions, this factor was given a high level weighting. * Air quality concerns - MWH evaluated emission sources in the area of the proposed site and how the topography would affect air quality. Air quality, while important to the development of a generation facility, can be mitigated through different measures. Thus, this factor was given a medium level weighting. * Levelized generation cost - While all of the other criteria have costs implicitly associated with them; MWH evaluated each site from an overall levelized generation cost basis as well. The levelized generation cost was based on initial capital costs, fixed and variable operations and maintenance (O&M) costs, fuel costs, net plant heat rates, capacity factors, and capital expenditures. The economics were also given a high level weighting due to their importance. * Socio-Economic concerns - MWH also evaluated socio-economic issues including the location of residential areas, religious buildings, cemeteries, schools, wetlands, environmentally protected areas, etc. relative to the proposed site, as well as the generation facility's potential impact on these items. Noise was also evaluated here. 88 Project# 1003316.013901 C CC)@MWH ALBANIA MINISTRY OF INDUSTRYAND ENERGY Final Environmental ImpactAssessment Once again, while important to the siting of a new generation facility, this factor does not necessarily present a fatal flaw, thus the medium level weighting. • Reduction in transmission system losses and voltage profile improvement - Albania' power system has a low voltage profile. The development of a new plant in the system, whether its capacity is 100 or 300 MW, will affect the voltage profile of the power system. Any voltage improvement to the power system provides direct financial benefit to the owner of the system through lower fuel costs, less electricity imports, etc. Transmission is a critical factor in determining the viability of a new generation facility. As a result, it was given a high level weighting. * Transmission availability and proximity - MWH also evaluated the transmission capacity of the site (100 and 300 MW) as well as its proximity to the nearest interconnection point. Since the development of new transmission lines and towers to the nearest interconnection point can be extremely costly, MWH gave this criteria a high level weighting. * Fuel availability - MWH evaluated the accessibility of the following fuel sources: natural gas, distillate oil, and coal. Fuel sources were evaluated based on the location of oil and natural gas pipelines, coal mines, coal unloading facilities, oil storage facilities, etc. Through experience, MWH has determined that fuel availability is one of the key fatal flaw factors in the siting of a new generation facility. The high level weighting results from this. * Water and sewer needs - Every generation facility requires water to meet its service, cooling, process, and potable requirements. As a result, MWH evaluated each site on the location, quantity, and quality of the water source, as well as water discharge requirements and infrastructure. Water availability is very important to a generation facility, and thus it is also given a high level weight. * Transportation - MWH evaluated each site on the existing transportation infrastructure (roads, rail, navigable waterways) to support not only delivery of fuel and regular plant consumables, but initial construction equipment and supplies. Transportation tends to be a medium level factor, as many generation facilities can economically make transportation upgrades during the construction period. * Property availability - MWH also evaluated each site in regards to property availability for current development and future capacity expansion. This factor typically does not become a fatal flaw in the development of a generation facility because land typically can be procured without major problems. Thus, this criteria was given a lower level weighting. The original scope of services included the following locations: Durres, Elbasan, Korce, Shengjin, and Vlore (Site 6A). Vlore (Site 6B) was identified as a potential site location during the site visits, due to it being a greenfield location and its close proximity to an offshore oil tanker terminal. The siting study concluded that the Vlore site represents the most feasible option for a 100 MW nominal, distillate oil-fired, combined cycle unit from a transmission, 89 Project# 1003316.013901 ey<' GMW ALBANIA MINISTRY OF INDUSTRYAND ENERGY Final Environmental ImpactAssessment environmental, social impact and cost point of view. Please read the Final Siting Study for further details. Further study of the selected site was conducted and summarzed in the Final Feasibility Study. That study confirmed that the least cost generation, most environmentally acceptable option for the site is a distillate oil-fired combined cycle unit. Please read the Final Feasibility Study for further information. A combination heat and power (CHP) plant was not considered for the Vlore B site because there is no steam host at or near the site to take steam for process or heating use. A combined cycle plant can easily be modified to divert steam for heating purposes (at the expense of electric generation). The capital costs of the modification vary based on the quantity and required conditions of the export steam. Currently, no potential steam users exist inthe area surrounding the plant site. The air pollution control for the proposed power generation facility includes state of the art equipment for control of all of the air pollutants emitted. Options available for control are limited because of adverse environmental impacts, and technical limitations. SO2 scrubbing is never applied to distillate oil fired combustion turbine exhaust because of the impracticality of removing low concentrations of SO2 and the adverse environmental impacts of a scrubber system - large quantities of solid waste and an additional waste water flow. Catalytic oxidation systems for CO, and NOx control are not effective on oil-fired systems because of catalyst fouling by particulates and poisoning by SO2. Particulate control is impractical because of the low levels of particulates emitted by distillate fired turbines. 90 Project# 1003316.013901 C.<9. ZDMWH ALBANIA MINISTRY OF INDUSTRYAND ENERGY Final Environmental ImpactAssessment 8 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 8.1 MITIGATION The planned Vlore Electric Generation Facility will provide positive benefits to all of Albania. The citizens of Vlore will have new employment opportunities including skilled tradesmen positions. As a result of the generation addition, the electrical transmission system stability and reliability will increase and electrical losses will decrease. The potential negative impacts posed by the facility can be minimized. This section discusses mitigation measures for potential negative impacts from construction through operation. A preliminary cost estimate for the measures is also presented inthis section. The mitigation measures for the construction and operational phases are summarized in Tables 8.1 and 8.2, respectively. These tables identify mitigation measures that should be implemented to minimize the predicted effect of each activity. All facets of the mitigation plan is included as good engineering practices and best management practices, and is therefore already included in the current project cost. TABLE 8.1 CONSTRUCTION PHASE MITIGATION Activity Potential Mitigation Plan Responsibility Approximate Effects Cost Impact* Site Work - Loss of Trees There are few trees that are potentially EPC $5,000 Clearing and affected by the Site work. No trees should Contractor Grading be cut that do not interfere with the site work. The wood that is cleared will be made available to local residents. Site Work - Interference Final site grade will facilitate drainage and EPC $40,000 Clearing and with Natural avoid flooding and pooling. Asite drainage Contractor Grading Site Drainage - plan will be developed that protects against Soil Erosion erosion. Protecting stockpiles through the use of silt fencing and reduced slope angles will also minimize soil erosion during construction. Site Work - Noise from Construction equipment shall meet the EPC Minor Clearing and Equipment applicable standard inEU Directive Contractor Grading 2000/14/EC of May 2000. This Directive applies to the manufacturer of the noise emitting equipment. Work involving nuisance noise should be minimized during locally recognized days of rest and at night. All equipment should be maintained in l______l______|_____ good working order. l _ll 91 Project# 1003316.013901 tYl/ *MWH ALBANIA MINISTRY OF INDUSTRYAND ENERGY Final Environmental ImpactAssessment Site Access Dust and Noise Watering of disturbed site areas on an as EPC $5,000 Upgrades - from Equipment needed basis will minimize dust. No Contractor Roadwork equipment noise should exceed the applicable standard inEU Directive 2000/14/EC of May 2000. This Directive applies to the manufacturer of the noise emitting equipment. Work involving nuisance noise should be minimized during locally recognized days of rest and at night. All equipment should be maintained in good working order. Dewatering Sediment and Where site excavations requiring EPC $7,500 Oil and Grease dewatering, the excess water should be Contractor loading to visually inspected for oil contamination Nearby prior to discharge to the site drainage Waterways system. Oil contaminated water will require treatment prior to disposal. Water potentially contaminated with oil will be routed to the onsite water oil/water separator (OWS). Package OWS typically remove oil below the manufacturers guarantee of 10 ppm. Borrow Site Conflicts with Borrow area should avoid agricultural EPC Minor Present Land areas. Contractor Use Borrow Site Disturbance to All permits and approvals should be EPC $2,000 Local obtained from the appropriate authority Contractor Community prior to operating a borrow site. Borrow Site UnsightlyArea Borrow areas should be reworked to blend EPC $4,000 Finished with into the surroundings. Revegetation Contractor Borrow Activity should be performed using local plants. All slopes and working faces should be returned to astable condition. Disposal of Interference to The amount of material to be disposed of EPC Minor Excavated Material Natural should be minimized by borrowing only as Contractor if Necessary Drainage much as is needed. Disposal of Disturbance to Local authorities should approve the EPC $2,000 Excavated Material Land disposal site. Itshould not interfere with Contractor if Necessary local land use. Vegetation should be performed using local plants. All slopes at a borrow disposal site should be graded to a stable condition. Transmission Disturbance to The amount of land used for the EPC Minor Interconnection Land transmission interconnection should be Contractor minimized. No agricultural lands should be disturbed by the transmission line. Private land acquisition should follow the procedures that are based on Albanian Law No. 8561, dated 12/22/99; Government Decree No. 126, dated 3/23/00; Govemment Decree No. 127, dated 3/23/03; Government Decree No. 138, dated 3/23/03; Government Decree No. 147, dated 3/31/00. Provision of Reduced Water The water supply for use inconstruction of EPC $5,000 Potable Water Supply to Area the generation facility must be monitored to Contractor Residence ensure that it does not adversely affect other water uses inthe area. 92 Project# 1003316.013901 CX. *MWH ALBANIA MINISTRY OF INDUSTRYAND ENERGY Final Environmental ImpactAssessment Handling and Potential Health All employees should undergo health and EPC $12,000 Storage of Fuels and Safety safety training. Those dealing with Contractor and Hazardous Concerns hazardous materials should receive Materials specific training inhandling the materials. There will be no ash generated from the oil combustion. Hazardous waste generated will primarily be from waster lubricants and rags from clean-up and maintenance activity. Handling and Soil and Water Fuel storage tanks will have secondary EPC $30,000 Storage of Fuels Contamination containment with sufficient volume to Contractor and Hazardous from Spills contain a spill from the largest tank inthe Materials containment structure. The containment area will have a means of removing accumulated water. Drains will be routed through the site oil/water separator. A spill and emergency response plan will be developed and put inplace prior to commencement of construction. Aggregate Source Reduced Local No new sources should be developed. EPC Minor Resources Existing quarries will be utilized. Contractor Batch Plant - Noise, Dust, Storm water runoff should be directed to EPC $2,000 Concrete and and Potential the site drainage system. Noise should be Contractor Asphalt Runoff controlled to an acceptable level. Dust Concems bags should be installed as necessary. The EPC specification will require that the batch plant owner/operator must hold valid operating permits. Construction Work Influx of Influx of workers is not expected to exceed EPC $10,000 Force Workers 350 to 500individuals. Workers will be Contractor Creating housed inVlore and bussed to the Site. A Pressure on first aid station will be provided for workers Housing and onsite. Other Resources Delivery of Increased Upgrade of the main access road to plant EPC $200,000 Equipment and Traffic and Dust will have positive effect on local traffic. Contractor Materials Dust from the road should be minimized with water during construction and by providing paved surface. Trucks should be tarped when carrying load. Road speeds should be controlled to reduce the potential for accidents. Solid Waste Potential Health Solid waste should be disposed of using a EPC $20,000 Disposal Concems licensed contractor. Contractor Liquid Waste Potential Water Apackaged sewage treatment facility will EPC $95,000 Disposal Contamination be provided for the site. No direct Contractor discharge of untreated liquid waste will be allowed. 93 Project# 1003316.013901 (.C'/ *MWH ALBANIA MINISTRY OF INDUSTRYAND ENERGY Final Environmental ImpactAssessment E Intake and Ouffall Disturbance of Main mitigation is insiting the exact EPC $200,000 Construction Aquatic location of the intake and outfall. Contractor Resources Construction wastes will not be disposed of inthe bay. Intake design should follow the USEPA Draft Guidance for Evaluating Adverse Impact of Cooling Water Structures on the Aquatic Environment and the European Commission IPPC reference Document on the Best Available Techniques for Industrial Cooling Systems. Intake and Ouffall Interference to Construction period should be scheduled to EPC Minor Construction Coastal Fishing minimize impact on fisherman. Contractor Intake and Ouffall Interference to All barges and buoys should be clearly EPC $20,000 Construction Navigation marked and illuminated at night. Proper Contractor authorization should be obtained prior to commencement of offshore work. Intake and Ouffall Sediment Intake and ouffall should be constructed EPC $50,000 Construction Release with the intent to minimize the release of Contractor sediments to the bay. Final Site Aesthetics Topsoil will be graded and planted as EPC $5,000 appropriate. Contractor *Minor costs are less than $2,000 TABLE 8.2 OPERATION PHASE MITIGATION Activity Potential Effects Mitigation Plan Responsibility Approximate Cost Impact* Distillate Fuel Oil Air emissions of The combustion turbines will employ state EPC Contractor $1,000,000 Combustion NOx, S0 2 , CO, of the art control technology for all / KESH particulate matter, pollutants. NOx will be controlled using and volatile water injection. S02 will be controlled by organic firing only low sulfur (<0.1% by wt.), compounds that distillate fuel oil. Employing good can adversely combustion control will control CO, affect human particulate matter, and volatile organic health and the compounds. The plant will feature stack environment. heights that conform to good engineering practice (GEP) stack height to facilitate dispersion of emitted gasses. The stack height should be 47 mfrom grade. Equipment Noise from The combustion turbines will be enclosed EPC Contractor $180,000 Operation Equipment inan acoustic enclosure to ensure that I KESH noise does not exceed 85 dB(A) at 1m. Workers inclose proximity to this equipment should be required to use hearing protection. Offsite noise will not exceed 70 dB(A).There is no residential housing inthe area of the site. 94 Project# 1003316.013901 WI .<5 W ALBANIA MINISTRY OF INDUSTRYAND ENERGY Final Environmental ImpactAssessment *DMWH Cooling Water Entrainment of Final location to be made to minimize EPC Contractor For Location Intake larval fish, impact on aquatic environment. Bar see Table 8.1 shellfish, and screen intake screens will be utilized. other marine Final screening with traveling water fauna. screens at cooling water pump suctions will be employed. An inlet velocity less than 1 m/s to should be used to minimized entrainment. Cooling Water Impingement of See Above Intake adult and juvenile fish and shellfish. Cooling Water Thermal effects on Thermal discharge modeling KESH Minor Discharge marne fauna. demonstrates that the thermal impact from the discharge is less than or equal to 3OC after mixing zone. This ensures that there is minimal impact from the discharge. The discharge should be designed to minimize or eliminate re- suspension of sediment inthe vicinity of the ouffall. Fresh Water Reduce water The plant will supply its own service water EPC Contractor $1,000,000 Supply supply to the local supply from the Adriatic Sea through a / KESH community. membrane desalinization system. Sewage Discharge of Asewage treatment facility will be EPC Contractor See Table 8.1 Treatment nutrients and provided at the plant and discharge of I KESH other treated effluent will be combined with the contaminants to cooling water discharge. waterways Local Community Stress on the local The infrastructure of the city of Vlore will KESH Minor Services infrastructure be able to accommodate the amount of new residence of new workers in the plant even if all workers come from outside the city. However, it is anticipated that many of these workers will be from the Vlore area. Handling and Delivery of fuel oil Aspill response plan and necessary KESH $50,000 Storage of Fuels could result ina response equipment should be provided. and Hazardous spill that would It isanticipated that as many as 30 Materials impact the aquatic deliveries will be made per year. and coastal Monitoring and enforcement of sea environment conditions under which avessel may make deliveries should be part of the plant procedures and implemented through the delivery contract. Handling and Pipeline between The pipeline should be regulariy KESH $15,000 Storage of Fuels the terminal and inspected and maintained. An inspection and Hazardous the site could and maintenance program should be Materials rupture and developed as part of the plant operating impact the aquatic procedures. and coastal environment Handling and Oil storage tanks Oil storage tanks will include secondary EPC Contractor See Table 8.1 Storage of Fuels could fail and containment of sufficient size to contain / KESH and Hazardous result in adverse 110% of the contents of the largest tank. Materials impacts on the soil Ameans of removing rainwater will be and groundwater included. Drains will be routed through resources the plant oil/water separator. 95 Project# 1003316.013901 C'X' C *MWH ALBANIA MINISTRY OF INDUSTRYAND ENERGY Final Environmental ImpactAssessment Transmission of Disturbance to Cleanng for transmission lines should be KESH Minor Power Land minimized. Lines should be routed to minimize the impact on residential areas. The electromagnetic field (EMF) emitted by the line will be checked. Aesthetics Aesthetically Some disruption is unavoidable. The KESH $20,000 displeasing plant will be shielded by trees and set appearance may back from the ocean. Landscaping will be affect the tourist used to enhance the appearance of the appeal of the generation facility. coast. ______*Minor costs are less than $2,000 The major environmental concerns requiring mitigation, arising from construction and operation of the proposed plant, can be grouped into three areas: * Air emissions * Effects on the marine environment * Social requirements 8.1.1 Air Emissions The best available technology for controlling air emissions will be used at the Generation Facility in order to meet applicable air quality and emission control standards. The combustion turbines will employ good combustion control and water injection technology to control the emission of nitrogen oxides (NOx). In addition, the combustion turbines will also use good combustion control to reduce emissions of carbon monoxide (CO) and volatile organic compounds (VOC). The combustion turbines will use low sulfur distillate fuel oil to control emissions of sulfur dioxide (SO2). All emissions will meet the World Bank and EU standards and ground level impact concentrations will meet World Bank and EU air quality standards as well. The NOx control equipment requires that water be injected into the combustion turbines at a maximum rate of approximately 325 liters per minute for each unit. This amount of water is available from the planned desalinization system at the plant. The incremental cost of this mitigation measure has been estimated at approximately US$ 2.5 million. 8.1.2 Effects on the Marine Environment Further marine investigations are required by the EPC Contractor to select the exact locations for the intake and discharge portals. The major mitigation costs will be from monitoring at the intake and discharge location. Location of Intake 96 Project# 1003316.013901 leX / MWH ALBANIA MINISTRY OF INDUSTRYAND ENERGY Final Environmental ImpactAssessment The intake will be fitted with a velocity cap, and raised off the sea bed. Buoys shall be placed to indicate the location of the intake. Detailed preconstruction marine investigations will be required to select an intake location that does not inflict undue impacts. These studies will include physical and biological components. At this time, it is not considered that the environmental requirements will affect the cost of the Intake construction, which is estimated at $2.0 million. Location of the Discharge Outlet Field studies will be required to determine the most suitable location for the discharge outlet. Generally, the outfall must be located off shore of the most distant 6-m contour and away from important shellfish beds and fish concentration areas. It is expected that only a nozzle will be required but the exit velocity of the water must not be less than 2 m/s to ensure more rapid mixing of the discharged water. The outfall shall extend a minimum of 600 m from shore. Cost of the outfall construction is approximately US $2.0 million, which includes provision of the nozzle. The field investigations required to select an appropriate discharge location will be undertaken at the same time as the intake site selection studies. Existing Oil Tanker Ship Offloading Facility The existing oil tanker offloading facility is a single point mooring (SPM) approximately 3.4 km from shore. The SPM will be inspected during construction of the facility and upgraded to meet safety requirements and minimize the potential for oil spillage into the bay. Warning lights should be installed on the SPM Oil Spill Response/Recovery Mitigation Plan It is assumed that there are currently no dedicated oil spill response teams or oil recovery equipment in Vlore and spillage or leakage may potentially occur at the SPM. Therefore, the plant should work with the Vlore Port Authority to develop an action plan to provide an initial response capability. The goal of the initial response would be to stabilize the situation, and contain a spill or release to as small an area as possible, preventing further dispersal along the shoreline or out to sea. The minimum equipment considered necessary for the initial response includes the following: * A vessel capable of operating in in-shore waters and carrying 50 m of floating, oil containment boom, * 50 m of oil containment boom * Oil recovery pump to transfer oil on water's surface to barge/tanker * Sorbents/dispersants to collect/disperse oil outside boom enclosure to acceptable levels To counteract chronic small-scale spills at the SPM, the generation facility should stipulate in the oil purchasing contract that the supplier employ a "designated crew." In this way the crew would become familiar with local conditions and off-loading procedures. The contract should require that the supplier be financially liable for any environmental damage of spilled oil and 97 Project# 1003316.013901 q!?N( C. * The names and responsibilities of the spill response coordinator and team members * The procedures for notifying the spill response coordinator and team members of oil spills and release * The procedures for notifying off-site agencies and organizations of spills and coordinating the response of these groups with on-site personnel; * A list and the location of all spill response equipment and materials * The general procedure to be followed for responding to spills depending on size * (i.e.. large or small) and location (i.e. SPM, near-shore, full storage tanks, and other on-shore fuel handling and storage facilities) * Record keeping and reporting requirements * Decontamination procedures of personnel and equipment after a clean up or other spill response have been completed. In regards to spill response, the plan should present the procedures to accomplish the following: * Identify and secure the source of the spill * Identify the quantity and state of the spilled material - especially with reference to the potential for combustion * Determining the size (area) of the spill and predicting the spill movement * Containing the spill until clean-up and recovery are initiated. The oil spill response and contingency plan developed by the plant for the initial response should describe how that plan is to be integrated into any existing national response plan. 98 Project# 1003316.013901 C.X , -`MWH ALBANIA MINISTRY OF INDUSTRYAND ENERGY Final Environmental ImpactAssessment 0 The use of chemical dispersants may be necessary in some situations. Chemical dispersants have the potential to spread the toxic components of oil while helping to break-up a spill. Because dispersal may increase the potential for the biological exposure to the toxic components of oil, the plant should minimize the use of chemical dispersants in spill responses. Natural, locally occurring materials should be used as adsorbents to the extent that is possible. Different responses should be employed depending on the direction of movement of the oil spill. If the spill is moving on-shore, containment and recovery followed by shoreline clean-up may be appropriate. If the spill is moving off shore, monitoring of the spill movement and dispersal may be the course of action. The plant's plan should identify the conditions under which spills need to be contained and recovered. 8.1.3 Social Requirements Loss of Land The land to be used for the generation facility is currently owned by the Albanian government. There are no issues with displacement of residence or land use. Loss of Fisheries As yet, this is an unknown factor. It is not anticipated that there will be a major change in fisheries. However, monitoring is required. Influx of Non-Local Workers It is expected that most of the construction work force will be from the Vlore area, while the remainder will be from other parts of Albania. It is not anticipated that an influx of workers to support the project will put excessive pressure on the existing social services. The construction supervisory staff will not likely be local and will be temporarily housed in Vlore. Residual Impacts After Mitigation There will be some unavoidable impacts that cannot be completely mitigated. These include the following: * Air emissions * Entrainment and impingement of marine organisms at the cooling water intake * Change in marine environment at ouffall * Visual appearance of area * Potential for new housing and permanent population of up to 50 families 99 Project# 1003316.013901 TZN-1 *MWH ALBANIA MINISTRY OF INDUSTRYAND ENERGY Final Environmental ImpactAssessment (DMWH 8.2 COSTS OF MITIGATION MEASURES The major mitigation costs are associated with air quality control and the effort to select the exact cooling water intake, and discharge locations, and to perform monitoring. Inaddition, a number of social impacts are forecasted, the full extent of which has not as yet been fully determined. Social issues primarily deal with the operational impacts of the station on the local communities and the surrounding area and the provision of a community impact agreement. It is recommended that a provisional sum be set-aside for the first three years of operation to address potential community impacts. After that time, the situation should be reassessed and an action plan developed as required for future operations. Environmental mitigation costs are estimated at approximately 1.25 percent of the total project costs ($1.25 million). 8.3 MONITORING The monitoring program will be used to verify that predictions of environmental impacts, developed in the design phase, are accurate and that unforeseen impacts are detected at an early stage. This allows corrective measures to be implemented before significant damage has taken place. Monitoring programs for each of the major environmental components are identified and defined in separate sections below, it is necessary that one agency or individual maintain a coordinating role to oversee and report on the outcome of all the studies. 8.3.1 Preconstruction No preconstruction monitoring will be done. Monitoring will be part of the plant construction and operation. 8.3.2 Construction Each of the parameters identified in the construction mitigation plan will be monitored during construction. Table 8.3 identifies the monitoring parameters and responsibilities during construction. More specific information is given for various monitoring later in this section. TABLE 8.3 MONITORING PLAN FOR CONSTRUCTION ;~~~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~ li* .i .;fI 1FiiliiFaS iSFi 6 Site Work - The practice of sharing the wood that is EPC Contactor Clearing and cleared with the local residents should Grading be monitored. Site Work - Protecting stockpiles through the use of EPC Contractor Clearing and silt fencing and reduced slope angles to Grading minimize soil erosion during construction should be monitored to ensure that the practice conforms to site drainage plan. Site Work - See detail provided later inthis section. EPC Contractor Clearing and Grading 100 Project# 1003316.013901 ALBANIA MINISTRY OF INDUSTRYAND ENERGY Final Environmental ImpactAssessment 0M Site Access See detailed discussion later in this EPC Contractor Upgrades - section. Roadwork Dewatering Maintain a record of visual inspection of EPC Contractor excess water from dewaterng activity. Borrow Site Monitor and document that borrow EPC Contractor areas avoid agricultural areas. Borrow Site Obtain and maintain applicable permits. EPC Contractor Borrow Site Document final condition of borrow EPC Contractor areas to ensure that they have been reworked to blend into the surroundings and are safe. Disposal of Monitor and document the use of EPC Contractor Excavated borrow material. Material if Necessary Disposal of Obtain and maintain applicable permits. EPC Contractor Excavated Document final condition of borrow Material if areas to ensure that they have been Necessary reworked to blend into the surroundings and are safe. Transmission Document the amount of land used for EPC Contractor Interconnection the transmission interconnection and that no agricultural lands are disturbed. Provision of Monitor water supply to ensure that it EPC Contractor Potable Water does not adversely affect other water uses inthe area. Handling and Document health and safety training. EPC Contractor Storage of Fuels and Hazardous Materials Handling and Spill Response Plan EPC Contractor Storage of Fuels and Hazardous Materials Aggregate Records will be kept on quarries utilized EPC Contractor Source Batch Plant - See Noise detail later inthis section. EPC Contractor Concrete and Visible inspection of dust emissions Asphalt should be performed daily with records of results. Construction Afirst aid station will be provided for EPC Contractor Work Force workers onsite. Delivery of Visible inspection of dust from road EPC Contractor Equipment and construction should be ongoing and Materials application of water should be employed to suppress dust during periods of high dust generation. Road speeds should be clearly posted. Solid Waste Contact for proper disposal of solid EPC Contractor Disposal waste should be kept onsite. Records on the date of disposal and the amount and type of solid waste disposed should be maintained. 101 Project# 1003316.013901 C (MWH ALBANIA MINISTRY OF INDUSTRYAND ENERGY Final Environmental ImpactAssessment Liquid Waste Monitoring of the appropriate EPC Contractor Disposal operational parameters should be performed as per the manufacturer's requirements. Intake and Documentation on the siting study EPC Contractor Outfall performed to locate the intake and Construction discharge should be maintained onsite. Intake and Documentation on the siting study EPC Contractor Ouffall performed to locate the intake and Construction discharge should be including a construction schedule and information on historic fishing activity. Acopy of this report should be maintained onsite. Intake and Documentation of construction EPC Contractor Outfall authorization should be maintained Construction onsite Intake and The construction technique and means EPC Contractor Outfall of minimizing sediment releases should Construction be documented and a copy maintained onsite. Monitoring of mercury in sediments should be carried out if excavating and dredging are performed as part of the intake and ouffall construction. Final Site A plan for final grading and landscaping EPC Contractor of the site should be developed and maintained onsite. Air Quality The following parameters are to be monitored during the construction period: * Hi-Vol dust * Traffic dust Hi-Vol dust sampling for a 24-hr period, once per month, throughout the construction period. The Hi-Vol samples will be used to monitor the impact of emissions from the batch plant. Dust from traffic movement will be spot-checked throughout the construction period to determine whether dust control measures are effective, or if further measures are required. Air quality will be monitored in confined spaces for worker safety when necessary. Noise Noise will be monitored once, at both day and night, for an eight-hour period at the perimeter of the site during the peak of construction activity. In addition, spot monitoring of various pieces of construction equipment will take place to ensure that noise emissions are not excessive. The site construction manager will maintain records of any noise complaints received during the construction process. Terrestrial Environment 102 Project# 1003316.013901 C,(9MWH ALBANIA MINISTRY OF INDUSTRYAND ENERGY Final Environmental ImpactAssessment U-4Kt - No specific monitoring of the terrestrial environment is proposed during the construction stage. It is assumed that site supervisors would be responsible for implementing best management practices and ensuring that disruption does not occur to site resources. Site Drainage In order to ensure that storm water discharge from construction site is effective, the drainage swales will be inspected on a weekly basis. Marine Environment No specific program is proposed to monitor construction activities in the marine environment. However, there should be on-going environmental inspections. Impacts related to the construction of the intake and discharge points, and work on the oil offloading terminal and SPM anchor will be local, and of short duration. Adherence to Best Management Practices, in terms of marine construction and disposal of waste materials, by the contractor involved in these activities should be stipulated in contract tender documents. Offshore disposal of excavated dredged material, if needed, will be as directed by the Albanian Ministry of the Environment. If monitoring of suspended solids is stipulated as part of their approval, it will be undertaken. 8.3.3 Operations Each of the parameters identified in the operation mitigation plan will be monitored during construction. Table 8.4 identifies the monitoring parameters and responsibilities during operation of the facility. More specific information is given for various monitoring later in this section. TABLE 8.4 MONITORING PLAN FOR OPERATION Activity Monitored Parameters Responsible Party Distillate Fuel Fuel Sulfur content will be monitored to ensure KESH Oil Combustion that it is less than or equal to 0.1% by weight. Sampling and analysis should be performed on each delivery received. An initial performance test should be performed to confirm the emissions from the plant do not exceed the amounts listed inthis report. The stack should include continuous monitoring of NOx and opacity emissions. Equipment Baseline noise monitoring should be conducted KESH Operation prior to operation of the plant, both at the plant and at predefined receptor locations. Then, offsite, far field noise monitoring should be performed at those locations once during operation of the facility to confirm that the operation conforms to 70 dB(A) limit. 103 Project# 1003316.013901 . Workers inclose proximity to the turbines or other noise emitting equipment should wear hearng protection in accordance with a writted health and safety plan. Acopy of the health and safety plan should be maintained onsite. Cooling Water Documentation should be maintained onsite KESH Intake conceming the final design of the water intake including the inlet velocity. Cooling Water See above KESH Intake Cooling Water The condenser discharge temperature should be KESH Discharge monitored to ensure the operation of the facility meets the maximum temperature discharge described inthis report. Quarterly monitoring of the temperature at the discharge should be performed to confirm the maximum discharge temperature used inthis analysis. In addition, pH and residual chlorine levels should be monitored on a continuous basis. Suspended solids and oil and grease should be measures semiannually. Fresh Water The use of water from the desalinization plant KESH Supply should be confirmed through maintaining the pertinent plant design documents onsite. Sewage Monitoring of the appropriate operational KESH Treatment parameters should be performed as per the manufacturer's requirements. Local Maintain record on complaints concerning stress KESH Community on the local community services created by the Services plant operation. Handling and Maintain records to demonstrate adherence to the KESH Storage of spill response plan. Fuels and Hazardous Materials Handling and Maintain record of pipeline inspections. KESH Storage of Fuels and Hazardous Materials Handling and Maintain the pertinent design information onsite. KESH Storage of Records on the date of discharge, approximate of Fuels and discharge, and final disposition of the discharge. Hazardous Oil water separators should be equipped with an Materials oil level indicator and inspected regulariy. Transmission of The EMF emitted by the interconnection line KESH Power should be monitored once at four locations along the line. Aesthetics The property maintenance records should be KESH maintained onsite. Air 104 Project# 1003316.013901 ALBANIA MINISTRY OF INDUSTRYAND ENERGY Final Environmental ImpactAssessment S The air quality-monitoring program developed to assess ambient air quality conditions will be implemented following operation of the plant. The program consists of continuous monitoring of meteorological parameters including wind speed, wind direction, and ambient temperature and ambient pollutant concentrations of S02, NOx, and PM1o. The results of the monitoring should be used to assess the air quality relative to the air quality standards. Since local, site- specific meteorological and background pollutant concentration data was not available at the time this EIA was prepared, data from a site that exhibits similar characteristics was used in the analysis. While we do not anticipate the results of the air quality analysis in the current EIA to significantly change, we recommend that the project owner gather site-specific meteorological and air quality data for a period of one year in order to perform a more detailed air modeling analysis in the future to determine the exact impact of the plant on local conditions. In addition, the flue gas characteristics of each generation unit will be determined after commencement of operation to ensure that emission performance criteria are met. Records to support analysis of this information (hours and times operational, fuel use, fuel characteristics, etc.) will also be maintained at the plant. Noise A noise-monitoring program will be undertaken during the operations phase to ensure compliance with noise emission specifications and predicted noise level impacts. One of the daytime monitoring periods will be scheduled to coincide with a high noise event so as to record the impact of that event at a downwind location on the site perimeter. Marine Environment The operational monitoring program is designed to assess the impacts of station operation on the marine environment. Physical Parameters The condenser discharge temperature should be monitored continuously to ensure that the cooling water discharge temperature is in compliance with design criteria. Quarterly spot measurement of the cooling water discharge plume should be conducted to verify the modeling input parameters. Site wastewater discharges, including runoff and discharge from the packaged sewage treatment plant should be monitored four times a year to verify compliance with design criteria. Biological Parameters A specific study should be undertaken downstream of the diffuser to delineate the area impacted by the plume. This study could be undertaken by diving and supplemented with sampling. Records of fish impingement, including number and weight by species, should be kept. KESH is responsible for conducting this biological monitoring. Oil 105 Project# 1003316.013901 C. A routine monitoring program should be implemented for the SPM, pipeline, and on-shore oil storage and handling areas. A plant representative should be present during fuel deliveries to monitor the connection/disconnection and fuel transfer operations at the SPM for leaks and releases. The condition of the SPM should be inspected routinely between fuel deliveries to ensure the facility is in proper operating order. The entire length of the underwater-buried pipeline should be monitored periodically, preferably during fuel delivery periods, for signs of leakage, such as oil percolating into the water column. Gauges should be installed to monitor flow in the pipeline, as an additional aid to identifying fuel losses. The on-shore oil storage and handling facilities should be inspected on a weekly basis. The inspections should note any deterioration of equipment and containers and signs of oil leakage or spills. All gauges and monitoring equipment should be inspected to ensure that the equipment is functioning properly. All repairs should be implemented as the need is identified. Records will be maintained of all oil spillage/leakage at the SPM, including estimated quantity spilled and cleaned up. KESH is responsible for all of these activities. Fisheries If complaints are received from local fishermen regarding decreasing catches after the plant is in operation, a survey of fishery impacts is should be conducted. A survey should be conducted prior to construction of the water intake and discharge to provide a baseline for the area of the intake and discharge structures. 8.4 CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT AND TRAINING Formal training programs in all aspects of the plant operation should be developed and implemented for the plant staff. The programs are to commence prior to plant start-up and will be conducted for new employees. The training programs will be designed to enable staff to become fully competent in the operation and maintenance of the generating facility. As this will be the first combined cycle facility in Albania, the staff will have limited work experience in operating and maintaining this type of facility and the training programs should reflect this. This training is to be provided in country and be of two weeks duration. Environmental training will be incorporated into these overall training programs. It is important that all plant employees are aware of environmental requirements and that proper operation of the plant reduces negative environmental impacts. It is to be impressed that sound environmental management is in everyone's best interest besides conforming to lending and permitting requirements. A detailed environmental management and training program must be developed. The major components of this program must incorporate the following: * General information * General understanding of the concept of sustainability and reasons for sound environmental management 106 Project# 1003316.013901 c * Understanding of potential environmental impacts that can be expected from the two main phases of the power plant development * Construction * Operation * Reasons for proposed mitigation measures * Establishing chain of responsibility and decision-making * Specific training * Air and water quality monitoring * Criteria for establishment of monitoring stations * Methodology to be used for field sampling * Training in the use of field equipment and correct techniques for sample preservation * Training in required laboratory analyses and the importance of quality assurance and quality control methods * Training Inidentification of noncompliance situations and procedures to be followed in such instances * Reporting requirements * Training for inspectors/supervisors during construction, emphasizing the major environmental areas where their effort should be concentrated * Handling, transporting, and disposal of hazardous materials, including used oil * Procedures for off loading oil, specifically to eliminate spillage during plant operation * Health and safety requirements * Noise monitoring * Emergency and spill response, especially for oil at sea and on site * Good housekeeping 8.4.1 Environmental and Health and Safety Procedures Environmental and health and safety procedures are to be developed for both the construction and operation phase of the project. These procedures will provide management with the necessary guidelines for both environmental protection and the protection of the workers' health and safety. KESH should prepare the plans and base them on any existing health and safety procedures that they have. Existing procedures should be expanded as 107 Project# 1003316.013901 cfC<* MWH ALBANIA MINISTRY OF INDUSTRYAND ENERGY Final Environmental ImpactAssessment E _ appropriate for the plant. The proper Albanian authorities should be approached and consulted for approval with respect to health and safety issues, as appropriate. Besides detailed procedures, a simplified handbook should be developed for all employees outlining the importance of environmental and health and safety practices. A tentative list of procedures is provided below: * Health and safety procedures * Administration and organization * Project emergency practices * Tunnel rescue * Work over or near water * First aid and medical services * Control measures * Safety officer * Site security * Safety tagging and lock out * Training and orientation * Accident investigation, reporting and record keeping * Workplace hazardous material information system (WHMIS) * Specific safety requirements * Confined space entry * Employer safety programs * Project health and safety committees * Use of personal protective equipment * Personal decontamination practices. * Environmental Procedures * Noise and vibration plan * Contacting outside agencies * Handling, storage, and disposal of fuels and hazardous materials 108 Project# 1003316.013901 ALBANIA MINISTRY OF INDUSTRYAND ENERGY Final Environmental ImpactAssessment i*MWH * Site aesthetics and restoration * Site drainage, dewatering, erosion and sediment control * Waste management plan * Dust control * Spill response plan * Water monitoring * Air monitoring * Community relations * Environmental inspection * Oil handling plan. 8.5 EMP/PROJECT INTEGRATION To ensure that the provisions of the EMP are fully integrated into the project, contracts and other means will be used with the appropriate organizations. The elements of the EMP that deal with activities during construction will be the responsibility of the construction contractor. These items include the following: * Impact mitigation during construction * Study to support location of intake and discharge structures. * Oil spill response/recovery mitigation plan * Social impacts from influx of workers * Monitoring during construction * Health and safety training * Capacity development and training KESH or an affiliated operating company will be responsible for operation of the plant and will bear the responsibility for implementing the operational elements of the EMP. The heart of this responsibility will be for development of the detailed environmental management and training program. This program is a comprehensive means of building the awareness and capacity for plant personnel to implement the mitigation and monitoring elements of the EMP. 109 Project# 1003316.013901 .(¢ / OMWH ALBANIA MINISTRY OF INDUSTRYAND ENERGY Final Environmental ImpactAssessment E _ 9 PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND DISCLOSURE PLAN 9.1 INTERAGENCY CONTACTS AND PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT Three public consultation meetings were held in Vlore regarding the project. The first meeting, held in the Fall of 2002, was to introduce the project to the public and to begin the EIA public consultation process. The second meeting, held on April 2, 2003, sought public input on the scope of the EIA. The third meeting was held September 3, 2003, in Vlore to discuss the Draft EIA. The Draft EIA was made available to the Public more than thirty days prior to the meeting. All of these meetings were attended by a number of agencies, university personnel, non-governmental organizations (NGO) and the public. During these meetings, the Public provided input on any major concern or issue. The Public was able to provide concerns or issues either in general or with respect to specific effects of the proposed plant. These meeting were covered by Albanian television stations and broadcast through a segment on the nightly news. Minutes of the second and third meetings are provided in Appendix E along with a copy of the presentations given and a partial list of attendees. Over 100 people attended the second meeting, however, not all of them signed the attendance sheet. Additional meetings have been held in execution of the public consultation aspect of this project. The most important of these meetings include the following: * Meeting on August 15, 2002 between the Ministry of Environment and representatives of MWH inTirana, Albania * Meeting on March 31, 2003 between MWH and the Minister of Environment in Tirana, Albania A public consultation meeting was held on September 3, 2003, in Vlore to discuss the Draft EIA. At that time, additional details about the project and the EIA were disclosed to the public. Participants will have the opportunity to discuss the project impacts and to provide further input to the EIA process. The meeting will be well publicized through local news media outlets. Non-Governmental Organizations (NGO's) The main environmental NGO's engaged in environmental issues in Albania are: the Society for the Protection and Preservation of Natural Environment inAlbania (PPNEA); the Albanian Society for the Protection of Birds and Mammals (ASPBM, Designated Birdlife Partner; the Albanian Association of Biologists (MB); the Forestry Progress, and the Albanian Ecological Club (AEC). The only local environmental NGO inVlore that information is available on is the Eco-Counseling Center. Their mission is to promote environmental awareness through education, information dissemination, cleaning actions, and conferences. The MedWetCoast Project involves NGO participation. The countries participating in the project include Albania, Egypt, Lebanon, Morocco, the Palestinian Authority and Tunisia. The overall initiative is aimed at ensuring the sustainable management of the biological diversity of coastal areas and wetlands inthe six Mediterranean countries. The MedWetCoast Project is a collaboration of the Global Environmental Facilities (GEF), United Nations Development 110 Project# 1003316.013901 ALBANIA MINISTRY OF INDUSTRYAND ENERGY Final Environmental ImpactAssessment ii _ Program (UNDP), and the Albanian Committee of Environmental Protection (NEA). GEF is an organization that brings together 175 member governments, working in partnership with the private sector, NGO's, and international institutions to address complex environmental issues while supporting national sustainable development initiatives. Their work in Albania includes study and protection of the Karaburuni Peninsula, the Llogara National Park, Sazani Island, and the Orikumi and Narta Lagoons. The NEA has a lead local role in this process. UNDP Albania actively promotes a range of development partnerships with both national and international stakeholders including the MedWetCoast project. An individual representing the NGO's involved in the MedWestCoast project attended the public meeting on April 2, 2003, in Vlore. 111 Project # 1003316.013901 I i I i I I i I i Ii i ALBANIA MINISTRY OF INDUSTRYAND ENERGY Final Environmental Impact Assessment APPENDIX A List of Preparers Michael Zebell - MWH, Chicago, Illinois, USA Mark Frigo - MWH, Chicago, Illinois, USA David Shallberg - MWH, Chicago, Illinois, USA Habib Jabali - MWH, Chicago, Illinois, USA Ylli Kabiri - Human Development Corporation, Tirana, Albania Noelle Ferguson EnviroForensics Inc., Chicago, Illinois, USA Project# 1003316.013901 -- - ------.- ALBANIA MINISTRY OF INDUSTRYAND ENERGY Final Environmental Impact Assessment - _ APPENDIX B References * World Bank Group, 1998. Pollution Prevention and Abatement Handbook * World Bank Group, 1999. The World Bank Operational Policies - 4.01 * USEPA AP-42 Compillation of Air Pollutant emission Factors, Section 3.1 Stationary Gas Turbines * Luljeta GJOVREKU, Jani KERO, Report on Geotechnical Valuation of the Construction Site of T.E.C. Near New Port inVlore, Tirana, April 2003. * Dr. MUSKA, Kristaq, Dr. LULA, Fotag, Report on Geological-Engineering Observations of Triport-Vlore Region, Fier, 2003 * U.S. Department of State, Bureau of European and Eurasian Affairs (April 2002). [http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/3235pf.htm]. May 21, 2002. * U.S. Department of State (July 2000). FY 2001 Country Commercial Guide: Albania. * U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, The World Factbook, Albania. [http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/al.html] April 15, 2002. * Global Environmental Facility, Albania Convention on Biological Diversity National Report - Biodiversity Strategy and action Plan, Tirana, 1999. * EBRD Country Promotion Programme, Albania 1999 Country Profile * Electric Power Research Institute, Results of Independent Evaluation of ISCST3 and ISC-PRIME, November 1997 Project# 1003316.013901 I i I i I i i i <.I/ * MWH ALBANIA MINISTRY OF INDUSTRYAND ENERGY Final Environmental Impact Assessment APPENDIX C Supporting Data and Documentation 1 Project# 1003316.013901 CORMIX Thermal Plume Modeling i . i I I Ii i i Case I - high flow (high temperature) Parameter Value Units Notes Flow (Q) = 351,976 lb/hr "Condensate Pump Discharge" line 163 of water balance Pressure (P) = 100 psi Discharge pressure 68.95 dbar 1 dbar = 1.4503774 psi Temperature (T) = 103.80 F Discharge temperature 39.89 C Unit conversion Salinity = 38 ppt Average for southern Adriatic Sea (www.planetadria.com) Density = 3 1020.789 kg/m Sea Water Equation of State Calculator (Rick Chapman, Johns Hopkins University) Effluent Velocity = 1.5 m/s Engineering design range of 1.5 to 2.5 m/s Q 3 = 0.043 m /s = Q (lb/hr) * 0.4536 (kg/lb) * 1/density (m3/kg) * 1/3600 (hr/sec) Outfall Pipe Dia. = 0.192 m Q = AV (calculated) 7.562 in Unit conversion (39.97 in = 1 m) 6 in Use for design 0.15 m Unit conversion (39.97 in = 1 m) Actual Velocity 2.38 m/s Velocity for design ouffall diameter Ambient Water Temp 76.02 F "Circulating Water to Condenser" line 174 of water balance 24.46 C Unit conversion Delta T 15.43 C Difference in discharge temperature and water body ambient temperature Case 2 - low flow (low temperature) Parameter Value Units Notes Flow (Q) = 207,132 lb/hr "Condensate Pump Discharge" line 163 of water balance Pressure (P) = 100 psi Discharge pressure 68.95 dbar 1 dbar = 1.4503774 psi Temperature (T) = 82.94 F Discharge temperature 28.30 C Unit conversion Salinity = 38.3 ppt Average for southern Adriatic Sea (www.planetadria.com) Density = 3 1025.074 kg/m Sea Water Equation of State Calculator (Rick Chapman, Johns Hopkins University) Effluent Velocity = 1.5 m/s Engineering design range of 1.5 to 2.5 m/s Q = 3 3 0.025 m /s = Q (lb/hr) * 0.4536 (kg/lb) * 1/density (m /kg) * 1/3600 (hr/sec) Outfall Pipe Dia. = 0.147 m Q = AV (calculated) 5.789 in Unit conversion (39.97 in = 1 m) 6 in Use for design 0.15 m Unit conversion (39.97 in = 1 m) Actual Velocity 1.40 m/s Velocity for design outfall diameter Ambient Water Temp 57.02 F "Circulating Water to Condenser" line 174 of water balance 13.90 C Unit conversion Delta T 14.40 C Difference in discharge temperature and water body ambient temperature Parameter Value Units Notes Flow (Q) = 15,661,069 lb/hr "Total Outlet Circulating Water" from water balance 2.60 dbar Pressure at a water depth of 2.6 m Temperature (T) - 95.80 F Discharge temperature - worst case 35.44 C Unit conversion Salinity = 38 ppt Average for southern Adriatic Sea (www.planetadria.com) 3 Density = 1022 kg/m Sea Water Equation of State Calculator (Rick Chapman, Johns Hopkins University) 3 Q = 1.931 m /s = Q (lb/hr) * 0.4536 (kg/lb) * 1/density (m3/kg) * 1/3600 (hr/sec) Number of Ports = 12 Port Velocity = 10.0 m/s Engineering design range of 8-1Om/s Port Dia. = 0.143 m Q = AV (calculated) 5.637 in Unit conversion (39.97 in = 1 m) 6.00 in Use for design 0.150 m Unit conversion (39.97 in = 1 m) Actual Velocity 9.10 m/s Velocity of each port Ambient Water Temp 76.00 F Adriatic Sea background temperature 24.44 C Unit conversion Delta T 11.00 C Difference in discharge temperature and water body ambient temperature CORMIX2 PREDICTION FILE: 222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222 22222 CORNELL MIXING ZONE EXPERT SYSTEM Subsystem CORMIX2: Subsystem version: Submerged Multiport Diffuser Discharges CORMIX_v.3.20 September_ 1996 ------__------ CASE DESCRIPTION Site name/label: Albania3 Design case: Run^3 FILE NAME: cormix\sim\Alb3 .cx2 Time of Fortran run: 09/18/03--15:56:38 ENVIRONMENT PARAMETERS (metric units) Unbounded section HA = 2.60 HD = 2.60 UA = .257 F = .025 USTAR = .1437E-01 UW = 2.000 UWSTAR= .2198E-02 Uniform density environment STRCND= U RHOAM = 1028.5000 DIFFUSER DISCHARGE PARAMETERS (metric units) Diffuser type: DITYPE= unidirectional perpendicular BANK = RIGHT DISTB = 593.40 YB1 = 586.80 YB2 = 600.00 LD = 13.20 NOPEN = 12 SPAC = 1.20 DO = .150 AG = .018 HO = .15 Nozzle/port arrangement: unidirectional_without_fanning GAMMA = 90.00 THETA = .00 SIGMA = .00 BETA = 90.00 UO = 9.101 QO 1.930 = .1930E+01 RHOO = 1025.5000 DRHOO = .3000E+01 GPO = .2860E-01 Co = .1140E+02 CUNITS= degC IPOLL = 3 KS = .400GE-05 KD = .OOOOE+00 FLUX VARIABLES - PER UNIT DIFFUSER LEil.)TH (metric units) qO = .1462E+00 mO = .1331E+01 jO = .4182E-02 SIGNJO= 1.0 Associated 2-d length scales (meters) lQ=B = .016 1M = 51.06 lm = 20.15 lmp = 99999.00 lbp = 99999.00 la = 99999.00 FLUX VARIABLES - ENTIRE DIFFUSER (metric units) QO = .1930E+01 MG = .1756E+02 JO = .5521E-01 Associated 3-d length scales (meters) LQ .46 LM = 36.52 Lm = 16.31 Lb 3.25 Lmp = 99999.00 Lbp = 99999.00 NON-DIMENSIONAL PARAMETERS FRO = 424.54 FRDO 138.93 R = 35.41 (slot) (port/nozzle) FLOW CLASSIFICATION 222222222222222222222222222222222222222222 i i I i i I 2 Flow class (CORMIX2) = MU2 2 2 Applicable layer depth HS = 2.60 2 222222222222222222222222222222222222222222 MIXING ZONE / TOXIC DILUTION / REGION OF INTEREST PARAMETERS Co = .1140E+02 CUNITS= degC NTOX = 0 NSTD = 0 REGMZ = 0 XINT = 1000.00 XMAX = 1000.00 X-Y-Z COORDINATE SYSTEM: ORIGIN is located at the bottom and the diffuser mid-point: 593.40 m from the RIGHT bank/shore. X-axis points downstream, Y-axis points to left, Z-axis points upward. NSTEP = 50 display intervals per module NOTE on dilution/concentration values for this HEATED DISCHARGE (IPOLL= 3): S = hydrodynamic dilutions, include buoyancy (heat) loss effects, but provided plume has surface contact C = corresponding temperature values (always in "degC"!), include heat loss, if any BEGIN MOD201: DIFFUSER DISCHARGE MODULE Due to complex near-field motions: EQUIVALENT SLOT DIFFUSER (2-D) GEOMETRY Profile definitions: BV = Gaussian 1/e (37%) half-width, in vertical plane normal to trajectory BH = top-hat half-width, in horizontal plane normal to trajectory S = hydrodynamic centerline dilution C = centerline concentration (includes reaction effects, if any) X Y Z S C BV BH .00 .00 .15 1.0 .114E+02 .01 6.60 END OF MOD201: DIFFUSER DISCHARGE MODULE BEGIN MOD271: ACCELERATION ZONE OF UNIDIRECTIONAL CO-FLOWING DIFFUSER In this laterally contracting zone the diffuser plume becomes VERTICALLY FULLY MIXED over the entire layer depth (HS = 2.60m). Full mixing is achieved after a plume distance of about five layer depths from the diffuser. Profile definitions: BV = layer depth (vertically mixed) BH = top-hat half-width, in horizontal plane normal to trajectory S = hydrodynamic average (bulk) dilution C = average (bulk) concentration (includes reaction effects, if any) X Y Z S C BV BH .00 .00 .15 1.0 .114E+02 .01 6.60 .13 .00 .18 2.5 .457E+01 .05 6.46 .26 .00 .20 3.1 .366E+01 .10 6.32 .40 .00 .22 3.6 .318E+01 .16 6.19 .53 .00 .24 4.0 .286E+01 .21 6.07 .66 .00 .27 4.3 .263E+01 .26 5.95 .79 .00 .29 4.7 .245E+01 .31 5.85 .92 .00 .31 5.0 .230E+01 .36 5.75 1.06 .00 .34 5.2 .218E+01 .42 5.65 1.19 .00 .36 5.5 .208E+01 .47 5.56 1.32 .00 .38 5.7 .199E+01 .52 5.47 1.45 .00 .41 6.0 .191E+01 .57 5.39 1.58 .00 .43 6.2 .185E+01 .62 5.31 1.72 .00 .45 6.4 .178E+01 .68 5.24 1.85 .00 .47 6.6 .173E+01 .73 5.17 1.98 .00 .50 6.8 .168E+01 .78 5.10 2.11 .00 .52 7.0 .163E+01 .83 5.04 2.24 .00 .54 7.2 .159E+01 .88 4.97 2.38 .00 .57 7.3 .155E+01 .94 4.92 2.51 .00 .59 7.5 .152E+01 .99 4.86 2.64 .00 .61 7.7 .148E+01 1.04 4.81 2.77 .00 .63 7.8 .145E+01 1.09 4.76 2.90 .00 .66 8.0 .142E+01 1.14 4.71 3.04 .00 .68 8.2 .140E+01 1.20 4.66 3.17 .00 .70 8.3 .137E+01 1.25 4.62 3.30 .00 .73 8.5 .135E+01 1.30 4.57 3.43 .00 .75 8.6 .132E+01 1.35 4.53 3.56 .00 .77 8.8 .130E+01 1.40 4.49 3.70 .00 .80 8.9 .128E+01 1.46 4.46 3.83 .00 .82 9.0 .126E+01 1.51 4.42 3.96 .00 .84 9.2 .124E+01 1.56 4.39 4.09 .00 .86 9.3 .122E+01 1.61 4.36 4.22 .00 .89 9.5 .121E+01 1.66 4.33 4.36 .00 .91 9.6 .119E+01 1.72 4.31 4.49 .00 .93 9.7 .117E+01 1.77 4.28 4.62 .00 .96 9.8 .116E+01 1.82 4.26 4.75 .00 .98 10.0 .114E+01 1.87 4.24 4.88 .00 1.00 10.1 .113E+01 1.92 4.22 5.02 .00 1.02 10.2 .112E+01 1.98 4.21 5.15 .00 1.05 10.3 .110E+01 2.03 4.19 5.28 .00 1.07 10.5 .109E+01 2.08 4.18 5.41 .00 1.09 10.6 .108E+01 2.13 4.17 5.54 .00 1.12 10.7 .107E+01 2.18 4.16 5.68 .00 1.14 10.8 .106E+01 2.24 4.15 5.81 .00 1.16 10.9 .104E+01 2.29 4.14 5.94 .00 1.19 11.0 .103E+01 2.34 4.14 6.07 .00 1.21 11.1 .102E+01 2.39 4.13 6.20 .00 1.23 11.2 .101E+01 2.44 4.13 6.34 .00 1.25 11.4 .100E±01 2.50 4.12 6.47 .00 1.28 11.5 .995E+00 2.55 4.12 6.60 .00 1.30 11.6 .986E+00 2.60 4.12 Cumulative travel time = 6. sec END OF MOD271: ACCELEPATION ZONE OF UNIDIRECTIONAL CO-FLOWING DIFFUSER I I BEGIN MOD251: DIFFUSER PLUME IN CO-FLOW Phase 1: Vertically mixed, Phase 2: Re-stratified Phase 1: The diffuser plume is VERTICALLY FULLY MIXED over the entire layer depth. Profile definitions: BV = layer depth (vertically mixed) BH = Gaussian 1/e (37%) half-width in horizontal plane normal to trajectory ZU = upper plume boundary (Z-coordinate) ZL = lower plume boundary (Z-coordinate) S = hydrodynamic centerline dilution C = centerline concentration (includes reaction effects, if any) X Y Z S C BV BH 6.60 .00 2.60 11.6 .986E+00 2.60 4.65 11.61 .00 2.60 12.1 .945E+00 2.60 5.01 16.62 .00 2.60 12.6 .908E+00 2.60 5.36 21.62 .00 2.60 13.0 .876E+00 2.60 5.71 26.63 .00 2.60 13.5 .847E+00 2.60 6.05 31.64 .00 2.60 13.9 .820E+00 2.60 6.39 36.65 .00 2.60 14.3 .796E+00 2.60 6.73 41.65 .00 2.60 14.7 .774E+00 2.60 7.06 46.66 .00 2.60 15.1 .754E+00 2.60 7.38 51.67 .00 2.60 15.5 .735E+00 2.60 7.71 56.68 .00 2.60 15.9 .718E+00 2.60 8.03 61.68 .00 2.60 16.3 .701E+00 2.60 8.35 66.69 .00 2.60 16.6 .686E+00 2.60 8.66 71.70 .00 2.60 17.0 .672E+00 2.60 8.97 76.71 .00 2.60 17.3 .658E+00 2.60 9.28 81.71 .00 2.60 17.7 .646E+00 2.60 9.58 86.72 .00 2.60 18.0 .634E+00 2.60 9.89 91.73 .00 2.60 18.3 .622E+00 2.60 10.19 96.74 .00 2.60 18.6 .612E+00 2.60 10.48 101.74 .00 2.60 19.0 .602E+00 2.60 10.78 106.75 .00 2.60 19.3 .592E+00 2.60 11.07 111.76 .00 2.60 19.6 .583E+00 2.60 11.36 116.77 .00 2.60 19.9 .574E+00 2.60 11.65 121.77 .00 2.60 20.2 .565E+00 2.60 11.94 126.78 .00 2.60 20.5 .557E+00 2.60 12.22 131.79 .00 2.60 20.7 .550E+00 2.60 12.50 136.80 .00 2.60 21.0 .542E+00 2.60 12.78 141.80 .00 2.60 21.3 .535E+00 2.60 13.06 146.81 .00 2.60 21.6 .528E+00 2.60 13.34 151.82 .00 2.60 21.9 .522E+00 2.60 13.61 156.83 .00 2.60 22.1 .515E+00 2.60 13.88 161.83 .00 2.60 22.4 .509E+00 2.60 14.15 166.84 .00 2.60 22.7 .503E+00 2.60 14.42 171.85 .00 2.60 22.9 .497E+00 2.60 14.69 176.86 .00 2.60 23.2 .492E+00 2.60 14.96 181.87 .00 2.60 23.4 .487E+00 2.60 15.2.2 186.87 .00 2.60 23.7 .481E+00 2.60 15.48 191.88 .00 2.60 23.9 .476E+00 2.60 15.74 196.89 .00 2.60 24.2 .472E+00 2.60 16.00 201.90 .00 2.60 24.4 .467E+00 2.60 16.26 206.90 .00 2.60 24.7 .462E+00 2.60 16.52 211.91 .00 2.60 24.9 .458E+00 2.60 16.77 216.92 .00 2.60 25.1 .453E+00 2.60 17.03 221.93 .00 2.60 25.4 .449E+00 2.60 17.28 226.93 .00 2.60 25.6 .445E+00 2.60 17.53 i ti i I I i 231.94 .00 2.60 25.8 .441E+00 2.60 17.78 236.95 .00 2.60 26.1 .437E+00 2.60 18.03 241.96 .00 2.60 26.3 .434E+00 2.60 18.28 246.96 .00 2.60 26.5 .430E+00 2.60 18.52 251.97 .00 2.60 26.7 .426E+00 2.60 18.77 256.98 .00 2.60 27.0 .423E+00 2.60 19.01 Cumulative travel time = 2292. sec Entire region is occupied by Phase 1. Plume does not re-stratify in this flow region. END OF MOD251: DIFFUSER PLUME IN CO-FLOW ** End of NEAR-FIELD REGION (NFR) ** The initial plume WIDTH values in the next far-field module will be CORRECTED by a factor 2.05 to conserve the mass flux in the far- field! The correction factor is quite large because of the small ambient velocity relative to the strong mixing characteristics of the discharge! This indicates localized RECIRCULATION REGIONS and internal hydraulic JUMPS. ------__------ BEGIN MOD241: BUOYANT AMBIENT SPREADING Profile definitions: BV = top-hat thickness, measured vertically BH = top-hat half-width, measured horizontally in y-direction ZU = upper plume boundary (Z-coordinate) ZL = lower plume boundary (Z-coordinate) S = hydrodynamic average (bulk) dilution C = average (bulk) concentration (includes reaction effects, if any) Plume Stage 1 (not bank attached): X Y Z S C BV BH ZU ZL 256.98 .00 2.60 27.0 .423E+00 2.60 38.94 2.60 .00 271.84 .00 2.60 27.5 .415E+00 2.51 41.04 2.60 .09 286.70 .00 2.60 28.0 .407E+00 2.44 43.10 2.60 .16 301.56 .00 2.60 28.5 .400E+00 2.37 45.10 2.60 .23 316.42 .00 2.60 29.0 .393E+00 2.32 47.07 2.60 .28 331.28 .00 2.60 29.5 .386E+00 2.26 48.99 2.60 .34 346.14 .00 2.60 30.1 .379E+00 2.22 50.87 2.60 .38 361.00 .00 2.60 30.6 .372E+00 2.18 52.71 2.60 .42 375.86 .00 2.60 31.2 .366E+00 2.15 54.53 2.60 .45 390.72 .00 2.60 31.7 .360E+00 2.11 56.31 2.60 .49 405.58 .00 2.60 32.3 .353E+00 2.09 58.07 2.60 .51 ii i ii I Ii 420.44 .00 2.60 32.9 .347E+00 2.06 59.80 2.60 .54 435.30 .00 2.60 33.5 .341E+00 2.04 61.50 2.60 .56 450.16 .00 2.60 34.1 .335E+00 2.02 63.18 2.60 .58 465.02 .00 2.60 34.7 .329E+00 2.01 64.83 2.60 .59 479.89 .00 2.60 35.3 .323E+00 2.00 66.47 2.60 . 60 494.75 .00 2.60 36.0 .317E+00 1.99 68.08 2.60 .61 509.61 .00 2.60 36.7 .311E+00 1.98 69.68 2.60 62 524.47 .00 2.60 37.4 .305E+00 1.97 71.25 2.60 .63 539.33 .00 2.60 38.1 .299E+00 1.96 72.81 2.60 .64 554.19 .00 2.60 38.8 .294E+00 1.96 74.35 2.60 64 569.05 .00 2.60 39.6 .288E+00 1.96 75.88 2.60 64 583.91 .00 2.60 40.4 .282E+00 1.96 77.39 2.60 .64 598.77 .00 2.60 41.2 .277E+00 1.96 78.88 2.60 64 613.63 .00 2.60 42.0 .272E+00 1.96 80.36 2.60 64 628.49 .00 2.60 42.8 .266E+00 1.97 81.83 2.60 .63 643.35 .00 2.60 43.7 .261E+00 1.97 83.28 2.60 .63 658.21 .00 2.60 44.6 .256E+00 1.98 84.72 2.60 .62 673.07 .00 2.60 45.5 .251E+00 1.98 86.15 2.60 .62 687.93 .00 2.60 46.4 .246E+00 1.99 87.56 2.60 .61 702.79 .00 2.60 47.4 .241E+00 2.00 88.97 2.60 .60 717.65 .00 2.60 48.4 .236E+00 2.01 90.36 2.60 .59 732.51 .00 2.60 49.4 .231E+00 2.02 91.74 2.60 .58 747.37 .00 2.60 50.4 .226E+00 2.03 93.11 2.60 .57 762.23 .00 2.60 51.4 .222E+00 2.04 94.47 2.60 .56 777.09 .00 2.60 52.5 .217E+00 2.06 95.82 2.60 .54 791.95 .00 2.60 53.6 .213E+00 2.07 97.16 2.60 .53 806.81 .00 2.60 54.8 .208E+00 2.09 98.49 2.60 .51 821.67 .00 2.60 55.9 .204E+00 2.10 99.81 2.60 .50 836.54 .00 2.60 57.1 .200E+00 2.12 101.13 2.60 .48 851.40 .00 2.60 58.3 .196E+00 2.14 102.43 2.60 .46 866.26 .00 2.60 59.5 .191E+00 2.16 103.73 2.60 .- - ...I .44 881.12 .00 2.60 60.8 .187E+00 2.17 105.02 2.60 .43 895.98 .00 2.60 62.1 .184E+00 2.19 106.30 2.60 .41 910.84 .00 2.60 63.4 .180E+00 2.21 107.57 2.60 .39 925.70 .00 2.60 64.8 .176E+00 2.23 108.83 2.60 .37 940.56 .00 2.60 66.1 .172E+00 2.26 110.09 2.60 .34 955.42 .00 2.60 67.5 .169E+00 2.28 111.34 2.60 .32 970.28 .00 2.60 69.0 .165E+00 2.30 112.58 2.60 .30 985.14 .00 2.60 70.4 .162E+00 2.32 113.82 2.60 .28 1000.00 .00 2.60 71.9 .159E+00 2.35 115.05 2.60 .25 Cumulative travel time = 5183. sec Simulation limit based on maximum specified distance = 1000.00 m. This is the REGION OF INTEREST limitation. END OF MOD241: BUOYANT AMBIENT SPREADING CORMIX2: Submerged Multiport Diffuser Discharges End of Prediction File 222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222 22222 ADRIATIC -| CONDENSER|2. SEA Once-lhroughCooling (SteamCycie) |EVAP NON-RECOVERABLE *l PRECIPXLOSLOSSES i52.30.9 152 015.5 1.8 1.7 120 T0 E 0 P WTALE WATER OnceOThroChSeawater Cooling Flow: 7110 cubicmeters per hour | Non-clooigwater requirerneols: 193.2 cubicmeters per hour NOTE: COMBUSTIONTURBINEFUEL |DISTILLATEOIL |DESAL/RDORECOVERY | 35%/75% | 1.FLOWS ARE . . REPUBLICOFALBANIA Froiecl Drawin | Rev INCUBIC METERS PER HOUR (m^3/h). NETPLANT OUTPUT (kW) 132,00 DEMINERALiZER EFF. 94% .Wv"VORE*Me COMBINED 2.FLOWS REPRESENT AVERAGE DAILY USAGE. TURBINECONFIGURATION 20S16B CYCLEMAKUP CYCLEPROJECT 1002963.0118B02WMB-1 O RATE _2.00% PRELIMINARYWATER MASS BALANCE AMBIENTTEMP (F) 75 LOADFACTOR 100_ Eng: DES |Dwg: DES GE02001 .RELATIVEHUMIDITY 64% EVAP 6BComnbined Cycle Unit COOLERSTATUS ON Check: | Date: 6Aug02 SummnerConditions i i iI i Ii Ii i i i *~~~ ~ ~ ~ E ~~ 3 ~ ~ ~~~~~~~104.4 ADRIATIC - * CONDENSER2. SEA Once-throughCooling (SteamCycle) EVAP NON-RECOVERAHLE 0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~FILTERSSYSTEM TANK SYSTEM WATERSTORAG~~~sw~T23 104. 12.4 2.1__ 0.0 1.9______ .~~~~~~~~~~~. Once-ThroughSeiawater Cooling Flow: 7110 cubicmeters per hour |Non-cooling waler requirements 156.3 cubicmeters per hour NOTE: COMBUSTIONTURBINE FUEL DISTILLATEOIL DESAL/RO RECOVERY 35%/175% 71REPUBUC OFALBANIA Proiec |Drawinn Rev 1.FLOWS ARE iN CUBICMETERS PER HOUR (in3/hI NETPLANT OUTPUT (kW) 131,380 DEMINERALIZEREFF. 94%EQUIPMENORE W COMBINEDCYCLE PROJECT 100296S011S02 IWMB-2 B 2.FLOWS REPRESENT AVERAGE DAILY USAGE. TURBINECONFIGURATION 20n016B CYCLEMAKEUP RATE 2.00% PRELIMINARYWATER MASS BALANCE.. AMBIENTTEMP (F) 62 LOADFACTOR 100 Eng DES | PDESGE 2 6BComined N Cycle Unit RELATIVEHUMIDITY 69% EVAPCOOLER STATUS OFF Check Daie: 6Aug02 AverageAnnual Condiions j I i i i 113.3 TN | ADRIATIC - * CONDENSER |2. SEA Once-throughCooling (SteamCycle) EVAP NON-RECOVERABLE LOSSESa PRECIP4i PRESSURE 162OIL/E567WATERSTORAGEROID 133.6 EVAPORATIVE I STEOAM _ 0.9 SEPARAToR COOLERS CNYC'LE DRAIN TAN 170.0~ ~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~LR BLOWDOWN 113.3 _ _ _ _2.3 ______13.60.0 1.9 E O 2 E 0. OTABE WE WAIER Once-ThroughSeawater Cooling Flow: 7110 cubicmetels per hour | I|Non- ooling waler requlreremenlo 170.0 cubicmnelero per Aour NOTE: COMBUSTIONTURBINE FUEL DISTILLATEOIL DESAL/ RO RECOVERY 35%175%/n 1.FLOWS ARE ~ - REPUBUCOF ALBANIA |Proiecl | DrawIin | Rev IN CUBICMETERS PER HOUR (mn3lh) NETPLANT OUTPUT (kW) 139,700 DEMINERALIZEREFF. 2.FLOWS REPRESENT 94% -. fvVLORE .*" COMBINED CYCLE PROJECT I 100298B8.11802 AVERAGEDAILY USAGE. TURBINECONFIGURATION 2n 6B CYCLEMAKEUP RATE IWMB-3 B 2.00%| PRE LIMINARYWATER MASS BALANCEY AMBIENTTEMP (F) S0 LOAD FACTOR 100 Eng: DES Dwg: DES GE2onl6B Combined RELATIVEHUMIDITY 74% EVAPWCOOLER ! CydeUnit STATUS OFF Check:L Dale: 6Aug02 WinIer0ConiunLo I i I i II 1 i i ISCST3 Modeling Electronic Files METEOROLOGICAL DATA FUGITIVE DUST MODELING FILES STACK GAS MODELING FILES i I I i i i i iI I fi ISCST3 Modeling Files: Filename: A_87c (".dat" and ".1st" extensions) A = Albania 87 = Meteorological Year c = complex terrain Note: source groups were specified for pollutants NOx, CO, PM, and SO2 Modeled with ISCST3 PRIME Filename: PM 87c (".dat" and ".1st" extensions) PM = Fugitive PM emissions 87 = Meteorological Year c = complex terrain Note: fugitive PM is modeled with regular ISCST3 BPIP Building Downwash Files: Filename: A_87c (".bpi" ".bpo" and ".wak" extensions) Downwash file for all met years Meteorological Data Files: Filename: SFO087 (".asc" extension) SFO = San Francisco International Airport Meteorological Station 87 = Meteorological Year i i i i IC% $* MWH ALBANIA MINISTRY OF INDUSTRYAND ENERGY Final Environmental Impact Assessment APPENDIX D Tables 1 Project# 1003316.013901 I i i i i i I i i Ii I i Appendix D Table D- Combustion Turbine Heat and Water Balance MWHiAlbania Combined Cycle Study Preliminary Heat Balances --August 5, 2002 --Base Case 2x1 6B Cycle ModelReviio- GCO80502-0 Case Name 2x1 6B 2x1 66 2x1 68 2x1 6B 2x1 66 2x1 6B 2x1 68 2x1 6B 2x1 68 2x1 42 F (Min) 50 F (Winter) 6B 2x1 6B 2x1 6B I 2x1 68 2xl 68 2x 1 68 62 F (Ave) 75 F (Summer' 86 F (Max) 86 F (Max) 50 F (Winter) 62 F lAve) 75 Ambient Temperature- 42 F/79%RH F (Summer) 50 F (Winter) 62 F (Ave) 75 F (Summer) 62 F (Ace) 75 F (Summer) 50 F/74%RH 62 F/69%RH 75 Ft64%RH 86 P/59%RH 06 F159%RH- 50FP/4%RH 86 F (Max) At-opheri. Pressure 62 F/69%RH- 75 F/64%RH 50 F/74%RH 62 F/69%RH 75 F/64%R4H 62 Fl69%RH- 14.690psia 14.690psia 14.690psia 14.690psia 14.690 75 F164%RH 86 F/59%RH- polo 14.690psia 14.690 psia 14.690ps,ia 14.690puba 14.690psia Number,ofCTG/HRSG3 Units Operung 2 1 00% 14.690psia 14.690psia 14.690p.ia 14.690psia 14 690 psia 20100% 2@100% 20100% 2 1 00% 20100% 2@75% CTG inletAir EvaporativeCooler 2075 * 2075% 2@50% 2050% 2050% 2@100% E-ap Ott Soap 0ff Evap00f Eoap On ESoapOn 20100% 20100% Fuel Type~ ESoapOff Evap Off ESoap09f Evap Off Ecap Off Eoap Oil Oil Off Evap Off Soa.pOff So,apOn Eva.pOn Oil oil Oil Oil Oil oil HRSG FirigIDB Suit Temperatur oil Oil Oil oil Oil Oil Unfired Un,fired Unfired unfired unfired Un,fired Oil Run DMle Unfired Unfired Unfired Unfired Unfired Un,fired 29-Jul-02 29-Jul-02 29-Jul-02 Fird/994 F Fired/1008 F FiredI1017 F 29-Jul-02 29J.1u-02 5-Aug-02 29-Jul-02 29-Jul-02 29-Jul-02 29-Jul-02 29-Jul-02 29-Jul-02 29-Jul-02 29-Jul-02 29-Jul.02 Combustion Turbine Generator leach) Ci.--.ovisv Pr..s... ps.. 14.090 14000 14.690 14600 14.000 14.000 140090 14,600 140090 14.000 14690 14.600 T.mp-at-r, F 42.0 500 620 70.0 14600 14600 140000 90.0 960 500 62.0 7500 000 R.I.ve Humftty 790 620 750 02.0 70.0 00.0 74.0% 6090% 04 0% 00.0% 000% 740% E-up-o- ColuuieSitto 00.0% 640% 740 00A690% 64 0% 69.0% E-p Off Ev.pOff E-opOff E,.p 0n ESupOn 0 040% 090% FoalFlo. E-p Off E-p Off EvapOff Of E fop E-pOff SE-pOff FoalTyne Oil Oil ESapOff E-EpOff Eap On EvapOn Oil Oil oil Oii oil Oil HC, Oil Oi Oil Oil OI MSI I ILHIVI 037.8 022.7 0022 400.1 474,5 Oil Oil Fue.1-1 LH 461.~9 42005 4069 3029 007.4 208.5 tu/ib 18.300 tua300 1e.300 280.7 502.2 49001 47405 l,v 1.0 18,306 18,300 19,300 10,306 WaterIniecon (NO. Conov,il Flow.Slt/ 18,.300 t81300 18,300 10,306 19,300 te.300 29,388 39.310 30,570 32.090 28.940 20,010 CTG E-neon 34,920 33,400 32,140 18,570 17.060 15.210 00W,ppmvd / 10%02 42 42 42 35,570 32.090 28.840 42 42 42 42 42 42 NOo,,,ibOihasN02 42 42 42 42 42 42 0 93 01 87 00 92 60 72 70 00 02 51 NO.,ig .NO2as 97 96 00 60 49 07 60 02 94 93 6 95 95 90 6 68 CO,ppwod 20 68 07 6 95 95 94 20 20 20 20 20 109 CO,rebs 110 110 114 04 72 20 22 22 21 21 20 20 20 20 96 94 97 101 01 CO, N.os3 23 23 23 61 21 21 20 23 23 23 6 127 127 1305 UHC.pp- 7 133 106 84 6 23 23 23 7 7 7 7 7 7 UHcibIh 7 7 17 0 7 7 7 5 5 0 5 0 4 7 4 4 4 0 0 4 UHC,mg/Nm3 5 5 5 0 5 0 5 6 5 5 6 6 0 S02(1ih 1 7 0 8 6 6 0552 53.6 015 5003 40.7 474 002 WNm' 8 43.2 41.0 40.3 6 315 306 074 5600 502 000 00.0 296 6 515 00.3 4807 00.1 7.1 5605 5601 8 41.4 41.1 TPD/MW 0 0647 0.0642 4008 6 56.2 50.0 5.0 0.0042 00641 006D41 000D41 8 0.0043 0.0643 PMIOlbiOh 0 0644 6 04004 0.0048 6 0.041 10 10 10 10 10 0 0041 006O41 10 tO Iv 10 15 PMIOm9Nn 10 I1 1 Il 10 10 10 tOat I I11 12 9 13 104 14 cTo Loud %of B.a Load 8 13 13 14 6 11 11 106% 1006 1006% 1o.% 106% 11I 106% 75% 75% 75% 00% Ganarae GrossOutput kW 47,300 40.800 00% 00% 100% 1o0% 100% 43.9006 42.770 41,200 39.850 34,410 32,820 Gros.HIna Rota 8luikWI,sLHVi 31,290 22,940 21,000 20,860 11,370 11.300 11.440 11,400 43.000 42,770 41.200 11,000 11,090 12.220 12,360 12,560 StaskESot Flow,lOOh 13.400 13,000 13,840 11,440 11,400 1.259,O60 1,234.006 1,196.006 1,177,060 11,500 1.149,5000 1,128.000 991,006 970000O 0470611 Fiow,odIn 397,003 970,006 960,000 927,000 1,198.153 1,177,300 388,444 377,152 372,615 362.897 302,430 306.492 1.149,432 300,180 204.197 307,136 299,730 293.046 374,505 Few.dovt 206,819 252,114 244,044 230.945 309,113 359.071 233,830 229,016 201.600 197,180 102,067 203,403 Taipraor.t- F 160,017 103,004 244,012 239.072 233,746 270,4 273.0 273.8 2788 274.2 260,6 2095 2593 StavkE.ha...t 26008 203.0 28004 GasCov,sbt-ev %,,.IA, 0906% 2010 20880 260.7 1 200.2 00010 0086% 0.60% 0085% 0.86% 095% %,,.IC02 0805% 0.85% 0908% 0908% 0.90% 0086% 4.8l% 4.77% 4 72% 4.68% 4.64% 0585% 0.80% 4061% 41.77% 4.71% 4.65% 360% 3 57% • ool H20 10.33% 3 54% 4.75% 4.74% 4 71% 1013% 1011% 1048% 10.74% 10.35% 10.90% 10.60% 11.24%A 7.09% 7.24% 7.52% 0 vol52 71.66% 71.80% 1013% 10.03% 10.00% 71 80% 71.50% 7128% 71.57% 71.39% 71.22% 70.00% 73.78% 73.04% 73.42% .10o02 1234% 1243% 12050% 71.79% 71.48% 71.26% 1240% 1248% 12.59% 1232% 1236% 1236% 14064% 14.65% 14064% 12.40% %voiSO2 0 01% 001% 0 01% 12.30% 1237% 0 01% 0 01% 0 01% 001% 0 01% 0 01% 0 01% 0 011% 0 01% 0 01% 106060% 106060% 106.06% 106060% 001% 0 01% 106.06% 106060% 106.06% 106.06% 100.06% MulO-IorW01ght, 1M0.06% 106.00% 106.06% 106.00% enrol 28.340 202065 202062 28 310 106060% 106500% 20200 20324 20307 28.280 28233 OipaoicoV.$- n3ib.3 28574 28.003 200510 203063 20 310 100006 180887 18.809 180995 189000 28.286 1790S 18.557 18.68 180640 180098 10.931 18,907 18.758 10011 10743 hbO-Albania-2x16S-rev1 -082703 lp.I of 2 10/6/2003 Ii i I I i i I Appendix D Table D- Combustion Turbine Heat and Water Balance MWH Albania Combined Cycle Study Preliminary Heat Balances --August 5, 2002 --Base Case 2xi 6B Cycle WMdeRevi-in: GCO05502-0 CaseName 2x1 68 2o1 68 2s1 68 2x1 68 2x1 68 2x1 6B 2x1 66 2x1 68 2x1 68 2x1 6B 42 F (Min) 50 F lWnter) 62 F (Ann) 2x1 68 2x1 68 2o1 68 2s1682x 6B 75 F (Summer) 86 F (Max) 66 F (Mao) 50 F (WInter) 62 F (Ave) 75 F (Summer) 50 F (Winter) Ambi,entTemper-tur 42 F19%RH 62 F (Ann) 75 F (Summer) 62 F (Aye) 75 F (Summer) 86 F (Max) 50 F[74%RH 62 F/69%RH 75 F/64%RH 86 F/59%RH 86 F159%RH 50 F774%RH 62 Ft69%RH Atmospherc Pressur 75 F164%RH 50 F/74%RH 62 F169%RH 75 F/64%RH 62 F/69%RH- 75 F764%RH 8F/9R 14.690 psia 14.690psia 14.690psia 14.690psia 14.690psia 14.690psia Numberof CTGIHRSG 14.690 psia 14.690psia 14.690 psia 14.690psia 14.690psia 14.690 UnritsOpe.. raig 2 100% 20 100% 2@t100% p.ia 14.690psia 14.690psia 1460pi 20100% 20§100% 20100% 2@75% 2075% 2@75% CTG Inet Air Enaportbve Center 2@50% 2@50% 2050% 2@tOO0% 20100% 210 Snap Off Evap Off Evap Off Snap On Snap On Enap Off Enap Off Snap Off SnpE9-np Off Off Soap Fuel Type Oil Oil OffSnap Off Snap OnfSna.p On,Snap Oil Oil oil Oil Oil Oil HRSG FiringiDB Eoit Tempera-ur Oil Oil oil Oil Oil Oil Unfitd Unfired Unfired Unfired Unfired Oi Unfied Unfired Unfired Unfired Unfired Unfired Ron Date 29-Jul-02 Unfired F-ed/99f4F ired/l1008F Fod1t 29-Jul-02 29-Jul-02 29-Jul-02 29-Jul-02 5-Aug-02 29-Jul-02 Steam Turbine Generator 29-Jul-02 29-Jul-02 29-Jul-02 29-Jul-02 29-Jul-02 29-Jul-02 29-Jul-02 29Jl0 TotaI-I Stea Fiv-, 151h 310.662 307.599 304,062 302,484 300,569 2-97,375 252,763 HP S1-tea Steam 249,816 246,581 176.055 177.472 178.639 Souls Floe ibiS 3,076 3.045 3.010 308,837 313,694 31,5 2,995 2.976 2,944 2,503 2,473 24441 1,743 1.757 1,769 3,059 3,100 31 37TGTh,uen St.a- Fiomibih 307.5869 304.553 301.091 299,499 297,993 294,431 250,260 247,343 244.140 Pressure,Pu- 174,311 179,714 176,870 305,779 310,786 31.4 999.9 992.9 989.6 9611.7 9747 964 6 823 2 913.8 6035 5454 5524 558.9 Tepraue 934.7 94035 949.9 1,0007 1.0167 1,0184 95013 950.0 990.0 69110 9o.n 990.0 E,ftltapy,81uitb 814.2 82563 837.3 9499 9e0o 9nso 1,469.3 1.4719 1.4774 1,477.7 1,477.9 1,478.3 1.482.9 IF SteamAd.edt, 10911STGuluil 1,4832 1.4836 1,4185 1,424d2 1,4309 1,477.0 Five, Sbilt 39,431 30,432 37,218 30,770 1,4765 1.4765 30,810 36,734 30,080 30.u14 30.696 31,076 seanIPadmreeionCVif Pr....ure,p-t 30,457 29,837 38,920 36.002 3,4 96.1 99.2 94.2 9396 92.8 92.2 78.2 776 767 590 054 99 8 lemperalune,F 553.7 553.2 5526 551.9 96.0 97.1 968 051.3 547.8 5326 5298 027.5 484.0 EnetnIpy.B1u1b 1.306 4855 486.7 552.4 954.8 5554. 7 1,30606 1,306.3 1,3060 1.3058 1.3041 1,297.7 LPTurbine. Eod 1,2964 1,295.2 1,2758 1,276.9 1,277.1 1,300.1 PFlm,Sbilt 343.941 339,939 335,257 1.3072 _ 1, 07.9 333.264 330.428 32e,221 277.837 275.493 272,385 Pr...ur, m. H-gA 1.290 1.268 203.644 204,414 204,939 341,842 345,760 34,7 1.593 2.096 2.082 2.072 1.075 1.374 11.22 SEEPEn9hnipy. B-bi 1.131 1.132 1.538 1618 2.156 2 153 9634 0644 96892 974,9 974.9 9793 GrossGeneratur 9699 9717 969.0 959.5 960.9 9733 Output kWA 49,244 47I,920 47,390 998.1 974.0 9738 46,503 46,151 45,759 39.610 389,96 37,899 25,671 26,014 25,695 48,214 46,245 4,3 Condenser/Circulating Waler C.nd ..... D.y Bit.ut, 319.9 3166 311.1 3064 3009 3040 261.2 Mak.upW-ttarrrCnd.-tr 257.7 25405 1696 199.6 1996 31668 Flo..ibilt 0 13 1 0 3194 39 0 0 0 0 0 0 En9Ah.py,Situ/lb 28.1 291 0 1 0 0 0 291 281 261 261 281 20.1 CondensatePump Dr-hurg. Flee 26-1 28.1 281 29.1 281 29.1 bitt 395.003 346,030 341,279 339.254 336,390 20 1 334,110 293,842 260,430 277,259 207,132 207,929 Pre-sur, Put 100.0 100.0 206.477 347,758 301.976 35.0 1500, 1000 1050 1050 1500o 1000 T-eperatsrr, 105.0 1050 1000 M05. 105.0 1050 F 96.8 8695 9398 102.8 10261 1000 1025 81.4 990 99.2 926 9 3.0 Enth.ipy,BtuAb 551 82.6 94.3 10398 1037 548 621 71 1 7059 7n7 49 7 Condenstealte GSC 57.3 6694 51.2 51 3 60.9 626 FiomibitS 395.093 346,030 341,278 330,254 720 72.5 3M38,36 334,110 282,842 290,430 277.269 207,132 T.mperarur,F 90.5 207,929 209,477 347,759 301.976 30,0 90.2 976 106.7 106.5 10603 8690 real islet Crsulung WdaIor 93.7 1029 99.9 99.9 9956 90 0 Flew,ibiS 15,561,009 15,691,069 15.661.069 15.661.069 1075 10741 15.661,069 15,661.069 15,661,069 15,661.069 15,661.068 9,396,641 Row, 9pm 31,296 15,691,069 15,661,0091.6109 15.661.06815,661,069 31,296 31,322 31,361 31,391 31,391 31,296 31,322 31,391 18,779 31,322 31,391 31,322 lempsralure.F 0 57 0 660 76 0 31,391 31,361 ~~~~ ~~~57 76.0 750 57 0 .660 760 57 0 C,rr.W.tg W.., Condenser, Fin,bt 106961,069 66 0 76 0 66 0 76 0 760 15,661,069 15.661,069 15661,069 15.691.069 19,691,009 15.661.069 Floe, 15,661,069 15,661,069 9,396,841 15.661,069 15,661,069 15,661,069 gpm 31,293 31.293 31,319 131,309 317,309 15,691,069 5,906 31,299 31,293 31,319 31,359 19,776 31,319 T-ep--uto F , 570 57.0 31,359 31,319 31.359 31,309 66 0 760 76.0 76.0 570 690 C-ulasNgMartrnmt.C-ndenn 76.0 57 0 66.0 760 690 760 Fbi.. ibih 15,661,068 15.661,069 15,691,069 15.66i,069 760 15,661.068 156.61,069 15.661.069 15,661,069 15.661,069 9,396,641 Temper..ue,F TT5 15.661.069 15,69109 961,06.915,661.069 15,661,069 77.3 99.9 9598 956 9595 737 Tt.OlaoueciuianWuIm, 629 92.3 771 781 98.2 693 Floe ibih 15.661.069 15,661.069 15.661,069 15,661,069 96.5 96 4 15,661,069, 15,661,069 15.66,068 15,691,069 15,661,069 0,396,641 T.mpe..uIe, F 775 77 15,661,069 15.661,069 15,661,069 15.661,065 1,605 3 95 9 I 90.0 95.6 9595 737 92.5 92.3 771 781 892 8693 9695 994 MiscellaneousI HP tE.p-talnrBI..domneal Fiowibilt 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 IP .np-natnBl-edoenluFh- Piu,bnh 0 5 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 LP Eiuap-rarnBi..d.- 0 0 5 0 0 00 (.. h Flom,ibih 0 0 0 0 0 0 000 0 TuaIMabeup Flo. Fl-elbit00h 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Tarnparabire,F600 600 600 0 0 0 1 0 600 600 990 60.0 6000 0 600 01 6000 060 690 o60 600 600060 600 680~~~1).60. J =6-n-r USi.,edor, CORMIX Ther-u lepautMudeSmn hbO-Albania-2x16B-rev1-082703 p. 2 of12 10/6/2003 ------Appendix D Table D - 2 Combustion Turbines - Hazardous Air Pollutant Emissions Calculations Annual Emission Max/Potential Emission Max/Potential Hazardous Air Pollutants Factor' Rate per Stack2 Emissions3 CAS Number (lb/MMBtu) (Ib/hr) (gis) (tonnes/year) 1,3-Butadine 106-99-0 1.60E-05 8.60E-03 1.08E-03 6.85E-02 Benzene 71-43-2 5.50E-05 2.96E-02 3.73E-03 2.36E-01 Formaldehyde 50-00-0 2.80E-05 1.51 E-02 1.90E-03 1.20E-01 Napthalene 91-20-3 3.50E-05 1.88E-02 2.37E-03 1.50E-01 PAH NA 4.OOE-05 2.15E-02 2.71 E-03 1.71 E-01 Arsenic 7440-38-2 1.1 OE-05 5.92E-03 7.45E-04 4.71 E-02 Beryllium 7440-41-7 3.1 OE-07 1.67E-04 2.1 OE-05 1.33E-03 Cadmium 7440-43-9 4.80E-06 2.58E-03 3.25E-04 2.06E-02 Chromium 7440-47-3 1.1 OE-05 5.92E-03 7.45E-04 4.71 E-02 Lead 7439-92-1 1.40E-05 7.53E-03 9.49E-04 6.OOE-02 4 Manganese 7439-96-5 See Note 4 1.90E-01 2.39E-02 1.51 E+00 Mercury 7439-97-6 1.20E-06 6.45E-04 8.13E-05 5.14E-03 Nickel 7440-02-0 4.60E-06 2.47E-03 3.12E-04 1.97E-02 Selenium 7782-49-2 2.50E-05 1.34E-02 1.69E-03 1.07E-01 Total 2.6 Notes: NA = Not Applicable 1. Emission Factors from USEPA Compilation of Emission Factors -AP-42, Section 3.1, Table 3.1.4-3.1.5 Emission Factors for Hazardous Air Pollutants from Distillate Oil-fired Stationary Gas Turbines, April 00. 2. Max/Potential Emissions = Emission Factor (lb/MMBTU) * Max Heat Input Per Turbine (MMBTU/hr) 3. Annual Emissions (tonnes/year) = Emissions (lb/hr) * Annual Operating Hours /2.2 (Kg/lb) / 1000 (tonne/Kg) * 2 turbines 4. Emission factor calculation: Factor = 3.24E-4% weight Fuel LHV = 18,300 BTU/lb Heat Cons. (LHV) = 1,086.2E6 BTU/h Emission (lb/h) = 1,086.2E6 /18,300 BTU/lb * 3.24E-6 = 0.1891b/h Reference: Ghassemi, M., A. Panhloo, and S. Quinlivan. Environmental Toxicology Chemistry, Vol. 3, pp. 511-535, 1984 hb0-Albania-2x16B-rev1-082703 10/6/2003 I i i i Ii i Appendix D Table D-3 Detailed Air Dispersion Modeling Results Point Source Emissions Annual 24-hour 8-hour 1-hour Model Turbine Stack Parameters Pollutant Y (Per Turbine)' Averaging Averaging Averaging Averaging Year Period Period Period Period Impacts Impacts Impacts Impacts Rate (iss) Temp (K) 3 Velocity (m/s) (igIM 3) (pg/m3) ([g/M 3) (.ig/m ) 1987 3.1233 32.72376 1988 3.37166 35.0411 o 1989 12.7 399.4 24.70 2.92696 40.92255 1990 3.40009 32.70356 1991 3.08432 36.09284 1987 2.87737 12.85125 89.19398 1988 x 3.10618 13.31844 89.28822 z 1989 11.7 399.4 24.70 2.69648 13.95521 89.13329 1990 3.13237 16.24371 87.47443 1991 2.84147 14.08881 65.22574 1987 0.31971 1.42792 1988 0.34513 1.47983 1989 1.3 399.4 24.70 0.29961 1.55058 1990 0.34804 1.80486 1991 _ 0.31572 1.56542 ______1987 1.7215 7.68878 53.36392 1988 1.85839 7.9683 53.4203 O) 1989 7.0 399.4 24.70 1.61328 8.34927 53.32761 1990 1.87407 9.71846 52.33512 I___ 1991 ___o_1.70002 8.4292 39.02394 Notes: 1. Stack Height = 46.9 m, Stack Diameter = 2.67 m I = Not Applicable hbO-Albania-2x16B-rev1-082703 10/6/2003 I MWH Management Consulting Second Public Consultation Meeting Agenda April 2, 2003 Vlore, Albania I. Introductions a. Participants Dr. H. H. Jabali - Project Director Mr. M. M. Zebell - Environmental Impact Assessment Leader b. Statement of purpose of the meeting - To consult with groups affected by the proposed power generation facility at the onset of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) process. c. Brief description of EIA process. i. Category A Project ii. Assess and Report on the following Environmental Aspects of the Project: 1. Baseline Conditions 2. Impacts During Construction 3. Impacts During Operation 4. Environmental Management Plan II. Description of Proposed Project a. 100 MW, Oil-Fired, Combined Cycle Combustion Turbine Power Plant III. Environmental Impacts During Construction & Operation a. Impacts b. Assessment Methodology IV. Environmental Management Plan (EMP) a. Elements of EMP V. Discussion - Question and Answer MWH Management Consulting Programi i takimit te dyte me publikun 2 Prill, 2003 Vlore, Shqiperi I. Prezantimi a. Pjesemarresit Dr. H. H. Jabali - Drejtor Projekti Mr. M. M. Zebell - Drejtues i Vleresimit te Ndikimit ne Mjedis b. Qellimi i takimit- Konsultimi me grupet qe ndikohen nga ndertimi TEC- it te propozuar ne fillim te procesit te Vleresimit te Ndikimit ne Mjedis(VNM). c. Pershkrim i shkurter i procesit te VNM i. Projekt i Kategorise A ii. Vleresimi dhe raportimi mbi aspektet e meposhtme mjedisore te projektit: 1. Kushtet aktuale 2. Impaktet gjate ndertimit 3. Impaktet gjate operimit 4. Plani i menaxhimit te mjedisit II. Pershkrimi i projektit te propozuar a. 100 MW, Ndezje me naftl, Termocentral me turbine me cikel te kombinuar djegjeje. III. Impaktet mjedisore gjate Ndertimit dhe operimit a. Impaktet b. Metodologjia e vleresimit IV. Plani i menaxhimit te mjedisit (PMM) a. Elementet e PMM V. Diskutime - Pyetje dhe Pergjigje ... -11--.1 - (C / *MWH ALBANIA MINISTRY OF INDUSTRYAND ENERGY Final Environmental Impact Assessment APPENDIX E Second Public Consultation Meeting Agenda April 2,2003 Vlore, Albania 1. Introductions a. Participants i. Dr. H. H.Jabali - Project Director ii. Mr. M.M. Zebell - Environmental Impact Assessment Leader b. Statement of purpose of the meeting - To consult with groups affected by the proposed power generation facility at the onset of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) process. c. Brief description of EIA process. i. Category A Project ii. Assess and Report on the following Environmental Aspects of the Project: 1. Baseline Conditions 2. Impacts During Construction 3. Impacts During Operation 4. Environmental Management Plan 11.Description of Proposed Project a. 100 MW, Oil-Fired, Combined Cycle Combustion Turbine Power Plant 111.Environmental Impacts During Construction & Operation a. Impacts b. Assessment Methodology IV.Environmental Management Plan (EMP) a. Elements of EMP V. Discussion - Question and Answer Project# 1003316.013901 ¢C. Second Public Consultation Meeting - Meeting Notes Proposed Vlore Power Generation Facility Environmental Impact Assessment Vlore, Albania April 2, 2003 A meeting was held in Vlore concerning the proposed Vlore Power Generation Facility Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). This was the second public consultation meeting with the local community concerning the project. The purpose of the public consultation meeting is to engage individuals and groups that may be affected by the proposed facility. This meeting had a greater emphasis on the EIA process than the first meeting. Over 100 individuals attended the meeting. Forty or the attendees registered by signing the list of attendees (attached). Groups represented at the meeting included local government, local various national ministries, and various nongovernmental organizations. The event was covered by Albanian television for broadcast nationally. The meeting lasted 2 hours and 35 minutes. A meeting agenda and a copy of the environmental section of the terms of reference in Albanian were distributed to the attendees. Following a brief introduction by members of the Ministry of Industry and Energy, Dr. Habib Jabali gave a brief presentation on the project, highlighting the project team. A copy of Dr. Jabali's presentation is attached to these notes. Basim Islami translated the presentation into Albanian. Following Dr. Jabali's presentation, Mike Zebell gave a presentation describing the public consultation and EIA processes. Mr. Islami translated his presentation. The presentation ended with an invitation to the attendees to ask questions. In general, the statements made by attendees that wished to speak were positive. There were a number of questions and statement that were not related to the topic of the meeting and were more political in nature. Mr. Islami briefly translated to English the sentiments of those questions and statements and someone in the Ministry gave a response. Questions that required a detailed response from D. Jabali and Mr. Zebell were translated in detail. A representative of the University at Vlore posed the first questions. His questions were as follows: * Were other sites considered in Albania and in the Vlore area? * What is the life expectancy of the proposed plant? * What emission standards and norms will the plant meet? Dr. Jabali answered the question. He first indicated that there were a total of seven sites evaluated in the siting study - two of those sites were in the Vlore area. He explained that a well maintained combined cycle power plant has a life expectancy of 25 years. Dr. Jabali reiterated what Mr. Zebell had said in his presentation concerning applicable standards and 2 Project # 1003316.013901 ALBANIA MINISTRY OF INDUSTRYAND ENERGY Final Environmental Impact Assessment _ a norms - the plant will meet all applicable World Bank, EU, and Albanian standards and norms. Alma Bako of the Ministry of the Environment gave a long introduction to the EIA process indicating that the project needs to consider the social and economic impact as well as the environmental impacts. Dr. Jabali indicated support for her statement indicating that the EIA most certainly will address the social and economic impact of the proposed plant. The Albanian director of the Narta Lagoon project (funded by UN Environmental Program) expressed his desire that the EIA take into consideration the affects on the lagoon. He also encouraged us to use Albanian expertise inexecuting the project. An individual advocating management of the seabed in the bay of Vlore made a statement that there istopographic information available concerning the seabed inthe bay. An individual asked for a description of how the air emission impacts will be assessed. Mr. Zebell described the process of estimating the emissions and using a well-established computer model to predict the concentration of a pollutant in air at grid points around the proposed plant. Mr. Zebell indicated that the modeled grid surrounding the proposed plant would be of sufficient size to include the maximum predicted concentration. Finally, an individual asked how we would address the issue of environmental accidents such as spills of oil? Mr. Zebell indicated that the Environmental Management Plan section of the EIA will include information on how to prevent accidental releases into the environment and how to respond to spills if they do occur. The plan will include a section on adverse impact mitigation, environmental monitoring, and training. Project# 1003316.013901 Third Public Consultation Meeting in Viord Meeting Notes September 3, 2003 Approximately 25 people attended the meeting including local officials and members of the Ministry of Industry and Energy (MIE). Besim Islami of the Albanian National Agency of Energy Agency (NAE) provided translation of the meeting from Albanian to English and from English to Albanian. The meeting began with an introduction from the Mayor of Vlore. He indicated his support for the project noting that the power generation facility will help Vlore in achieving their development goals. Dr. Habib Jabali, the MWH Project Director, gave a short summary of the project and then Introduced Mike Zebell of MWH. Mr. Zebell identified himself as the leader of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) component of the project and proceeded to deliver a PowerPoint presentation (see attached). Mr. Zebell discussed the major findings of the EIA and then the participants were urged to offer questions and statements. Several people made statements in support of the project, including a professor from the University of VIore. Two individuals offered comments in opposition to the project siting their concern that the plant would interfere with development of tourism in the area. In response to this comment, Petrit Ahmeti of the MEI discussed the plans to develop the area in the immediate vicinity of the planned power generation facility as an industrial park and that this development and tourism development go hand in hand. Specific questions answered at the meeting included questions concerning the fuel, the air dispersion modeling, the meteorological data, the existing air quality in Vlore, the waste oil handling equipment, and the thermal impact modeling of performed to assess the impact of the cooling water discharge. The question concerning the fuel related to the sulfur content of the distillate fuel oil to be used at the facility. The answer was given that the fuel oil sulfur content used in the analysis will meet the EU directive effective in 2008 of 0.1 % sulfur. The question concerning the dispersion modeling was to give a verbal explanation of how the dispersion model works. A general description of the input and output of the model was given in addition to the statistical nature of the model concentration estimates. Further explanation of the air quality standards was also given to clarify how the model output is compared against the standards established to protect human health, natural ecosystems and vegetation. The question concerning the meteorological data asked what data was used in the modeling analysis. It was explained that five years of hourly meteorological data was used and that the data includes hourly surface wind speed and direction, and upper air stability information. Because no data in the necessary format is available in Albania, the data used is from the San Francisco Airport. It was explained that the modeling analysis predicts conservatively 4 Project # 1003316.013901 ALBANIA MINISTRY OF INDUSTRYAND ENERGY Final Environmental Impact Assessment _ n 3 high impacts because it uses worst-case scenarios for emissions and stack parameters coupled with 43,800 hours of meteorological data in the five-year data set to predict the maximum concentrations at each receptor. One participant indicated that there is ambient air quality data for the Vlore area available and questioned why that data was included in the EIA. It was explained that the data in question was not measured using the appropriate sampling and analysis methods and was determined to be unreliable. For instance the particulate values are for particulate matter up to 100 pm, while the standard is for particulate less than 10 pm. A participant asked for an explanation of the waste oil treatment to be provided at the facility. It was explained that an oil water separator will be included to remove oil from wastewater prior to discharge and that the collected oil will be disposed of properly. Another participant asked where the maximum modeled thermal impact occurs from the cooling water discharge at the planned facility. It was explained that the model shows that the maximum temperature rise occurs at a distance of 23 m from the discharge diffuser. This is well within the 100 m mixing zone allowed by the World Bank guidance for such a discharge. Finally, Dr. Jabali offered some closing statements concerning MWH's role in the project and the meeting was adjourned. Additional notes are taken by Besim Islami are included below. 1.1 REPORT THE MINUTES OF THE PRESENTATIVE MEETING ON VLORA TEC HELD IN VLORA ON SEPTEMBER 03 2003 Today on September 03 2003, in presence of: Mr. Petrit AHMETI - Advicer of Minister for Energy Mr. Besim ISLAMI - Chairman of National Agency of Energy Mr. Pirro MITRUSHI - Head of Electroenergy Department, NAE Mr. Artan LESKOVIKU - Head of Oil & Gas Department, NAE Mr. Shpetim GJIKA - Prefect of Vlora Mr. Bashkim HABILAJ - Chairman of Councel of District of Vlora Mr. Niko VEIZAJ - Chairman of Municipality of Vlora And with participation of the interested persons (see Participation List). 5 Project# 1003316.013901 CC/ MWH ALBANIA MINISTRY OF INDUSTRYAND ENERGY Final Environmental Impact Assessment Was held the presentation meeting of the Draft Study on Environmental Impact Assessment on New TPP of Vlore, executed by MWH Company. The Meeting was opened by Mr. Gjika Shpetim, Prefect of Vlore, who presented in front of auditorium the participants in meeting and thanked the working body for the choosing made on appointing Vlore as the city of the TPP to be built. Also he thanks in particular MHW Company for seriosity, which they have shown in the Draft Environmental Impact Assessment. This Draft he said, has come on Vlore on July 20,2003 and is disseminated on three different places: Prefecture, Municipality and District. More than 20 copies as summary are translated into Albanian and are distributed to different local governmental institutions and local non-governmental organizations. Also he said that this study will stay in Public Relations offices till 20 of September and everybody is welcome to do his comments for the final improvements at Draft Report. The second one who presented the project was Mr Habib Jabali, He presented the project on all phases extended till now, beginning from idea draft on the building of a new TEC with a high efficiency, the chosen of the place, the feasibility study, the technical and environmental aspects of the project. Concerning the third phase of the project he said that MHW has worked very hard to have a detailed Environmental Impact Study, which will fulfill norms and standards of World Bank, EIB, EBRD and norms and standards at Albanian Ministry of Environment. He also made a description of the other steps expected to be undertaken till the full realization of the project. During its presentation were made some short questions, especially on technical issues as for example on the fuel sorts to be used, on the technology to be used, and especially what will be the impact from this Thermal Power Plant. After his speech Mr. Zebell presented all the finds of Draft EIA. Mr. Jabali did a short presentation for all issues of Draft Environmental Impact Assessment study like: Base line site conditions, key Albanian Environmental Legislation, combined cycle technology, description, fuel supply, water requirements, water supply and treatment waste water, Environmental Impact during the construction phase (dislocated, excavated materials, inlet structure and outfall construction, delivery of materials, handling, storage and disposal of hazardous materials), Impact during the operation phase( atmospheric environment, model selection, Environment air quality, noise, marine environment). Environment Management Plan (Air Emission Mitigation, effect on marine environment, cost of mitigation measures), monitoring during preconstruction, construction, operation Environmental and health and safety procedures and public consultation and Disclosed Plan. Below is a summary of the questions made and the answers given on the resulted issues. 1. What kinds of pollutants are emitted into the atmosphere? Mr. Zebell: To reduce the emissions into the atmosphere has been showed caution since the election of the fuel, which is going to be used onto TPP. As a result is going to be used diesel with a sulfur percent not higher than 0.5%. Both this with a very sophisticated technology offered by the combined cycle, especially gas turbines will make possible that the emissions 6 Project # 1003316.013901 ALBANIA MINISTRY OF INDUSTRYAND ENERGY Final Environmental ImpactAssessment MW into the atmosphere from this TPP to be within the permitted norms from WB, EIB and EBRD The emissions to the ambient air from combustion of distillate fuel oil in a combustion turbine include sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), particulate matter less than ten microns (PM1o), carbon dioxide (CO2), and volatile organic compounds (VOC). Computer modeling of the impacts of the emission of S02, NOx, CO, and PM1o are described later in this executive summary. No air quality standards are set for C02, and VOCs; therefore, these pollutants are not modeled. The particulates may contain small amounts of trace metals that are also emitted to the atmosphere. These pollutants are emitted in negligible quantities and are therefore not modeled. The best available technology for controlling air emissions will be used at the generation facility inorder to meet applicable air quality and emission control standards. The combustion turbines will employ good combustion control and water injection technology to control the emission of NOx. In addition, the combustion turbines will also use good combustion control to minimize the products of incomplete combustion and reduce emissions of PMlo, CO, and VOCs. Limiting the sulfur content of the fuel will control S02 emissions as well. The international air emission standards for thermal power generating facilities are summarized along with the estimated emissions from operation of the planned Vlore plant in Table 1.1. A computer model, which is described later in this section as well as the body of the report, uses these emission rates to predict the impact of the planned facility on local air quality. As can be seen, the estimated Vlore plant emissions are well below, and thus better, than the international emission standards. For example ,estimated PMioemissions from the Vlore plant are over three times better than standards. Estimated NOx emissions from the plant are approximately 40 percent better than the standards. And SO2 emissions from the plant are several hundred times better than the standards. TABLE 1.1 AIR EMISSIONS STANDARDS Pollutant Thermal Generation Facility Emission Estimated Vlore Plant Standard Emission World European Banka Unionb 3 3 3 PM1o 50mg/Nm 50mg/Nm (dr 14mg/Nm y@3%02) NOx 165mg/Nm 450mg/Nm 3(d 97mg/Nm3 3(dry@ ry@3%02) 1.5% 02) 3 S0 2 0.20TPD/ 1,700mg/Nm 0.0004TPD/MW MW (dry@3%02) 1.8mg/Nm 3 2,000mg/N m3(dry@3 %02) 7 Project#1003316.013901 c.f / *MWH ALBANIA MINISTRY OF INDUSTRYAND ENERGY Final Environmental Impact Assessment Significant noise levels can result from operation of the turbines and be emitted at various points. These points include the turbines, the exhaust gas, the air intake system ,and the air- cooling system. The transformers in the switchyard can also generate significant noise levels. There is no background noise data for the site. The Generation Facility is expected to operate in a manner that adheres to the more stringent of EU or World Bank guidelines for noise emissions. When operated in combined cycle mode, the combustion turbines emit less noise than in simple cycle mode because of the silencing effect of the HRSG. A silencer for the HRSG stack is normally not necessary to meet the noise guidelines. The combustion turbines will be housed in an enclosure and the manufacturers information on such an arrangement is that the turbines will produce 85 decibel (A) (dB(A)) of noise. It is expected that the noise levels from the equipment planned for the Vlore project will meet the General Electric guideline for 6B combustion turbines of 85 dB(A). This level applies to enclosed turbines. This means that the combined noise level is 88 dB (A). There are no sensitive receptors within 100 m of the site; therefore, this is an acceptable level of noise impact. 2. Having in consideration that the TPP is near the city, have been analyzed the winds which may push the smokes towards the city? Mr. Zebell: As here mentioned, the Gulf-City-Gulf, influenced from the Northwest-Southeast and Southwest-Northeast winds. On these conditions, based on the study of the rose of the wind of ex Soda PVC plant, the conditions for the TPP on the zone Vlore B are improved, because the displacement towards Northwest into 2-3 km improves (deviates) the wind movement. It is to underline that the new TPP emissions will be less problematic as those of ex-Soda-PVC Plant. The underlined values are the maximum ones on the case of using non- qualitative distillates with Sulfur content less than 0.1% The international air quality standards designed to protect human health and the environment for carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NO,) particulate matter less than ten microns (PMlo) and sulfur dioxide(SO2) are summarized in Table 1.2 . Computer modeling was used to predict outdoor concentration impacts of facility emissions (see Tablel .1)and to show that the impact from the planned facility will meet the required international standards. For this analysis, the USEPA model, Industrial Source Complex Short Term -Version 3 (ISCST3) with the Plume Rise Model Enhancement (ISC-PRIME) algorithms, were used to estimate the maximum off-property concentrations of CO, N02, PM1o and S02 at ground level. .ISCST3 is an internationally recognized air modeling computer program. The results of the modeling are shown in Table 1.2 along with the international standards. As can be seen, the results are well below, and thus better, than the air quality standards, and demonstrate that the generation facility air emissions will have minimal air quality impact and no appreciable impact on human health. 8 Project#1003316.013901 ALBANIA MINISTRY OF INDUSTRYAND ENERGY Final Environmental Impact Assessment _ In addition, the modeling results are well below, and thus better, than the concentration limits designed to protect vegetation and ecosystems from acid deposition. Based on these results, the planned generation facility will have a negligible impact on the flora and fauna in the area. There will be no appreciable effect on other natural resources in the area due to acid deposition from the planned facility. 3 How much is going to influence on the seawater the hot water temperature, turned back from the cooling of the TPP condensation? Mr. Zebell: :In order to assess potential thermal impacts from the proposed facility, modeling was performed to predict the potential increase in water temperature to demonstrate compliance with the international thermal liquid discharge temperature increase limit of less than or equal to three degrees Celsius (oC). The once-through plant cooling water discharged into the Bay of Vlore will increase water temperatures in the vicinity of the discharge location. Thermal impact modeling was performed utilizing the Cornell Mixing Zone Expert System (CORMIX), developed by the USEPA and Cornell University. The model is an internationally accepted analysis tool for point source discharges and has been validated with field and laboratory data. Industry standards concerning thermal discharges generally allocate a specific mixing zone for initial assimilation of process water discharge into a receiving body of water. A 23m mixing zone was used in this modeling to predict the temperature increase due to the cooling water discharge. Two thermal modeling scenarios were evaluated in accordance with the facility water balance. The first scenario (Scenario 1) consists of the facility operation that results in the highest cooling water discharge temperature and subsequent high flow conditions, and the second scenario (Scenario 2) is the lowest cooling water discharge flow and corresponding temperature. The worst -case thermal modeling scenario was evaluated in accordance with the facility water balance. The worst -case scenario was selected for the operating condition resulting in the highest temperature differential between the effluent and the ambient water body temperature of the Adriatic Sea (occurs during summer operating conditions). The modeled outfall pipe consists of a multi-port slotted diffuser that extends 600m from the shore at a 45-degree angle from the shore (horizontal angle) and 2.6m from the ocean floor. The modeling results predict a 1.770C temperature increase above ambient water temperatures (for complete facility build-out). This is more than 40 percent lower, and thus better, than the international impact standard of a maximum temperature increase of less than or equal to three oC. 4 Is the water to be taken from TPP to be unsalted? Mr. Mitrushi Pirro: TPP needs for water are to be resolved: The potable water is to be taken from the water furnishing enterprise of city Vlore; industrial water < 200 m3/hour if possible from the same enterprise, but if this enterprise will not be able to satisfy the needs of TPP, in Project has been foreseen an Unsalted Osmotic Plant of the see water; the marine cooling water will be taken from the see and then taken back into the see. For the needs of boiler, 9 Project# 1003316.013901 e 1. <( /' OMWH ALBANIA MINISTRY OF INDUSTRYAND ENERGY Final Environmental Impact Assessment turbines, etc. the project has foreseen as necessary an unsalted milder plant. Analyses of water chemistry, sea sediments indicate that the coastal waters in the bay of Vlor6 exhibit similar water quality characteristics to coastal waters in other parts of the country. 5. Is polluted the zone chosen from the erecting of TPP? Mr. Islami Besim: The chosen zone is 2.5 km way from PVC, zone that results polluted from mercury in very high levels. According the studies done this zone (Vlore B) it is not polluted. But this zone may not be a turistic zone too, because is very near to the new port. As it was discussed in the site sitting study selection the best place is Vlor6 B because it is closed to water supply, fuel supply, transmission network and vety closed to road networks. 6. Has been taken in consideration the fact that into lagoon are not poured other water sources except the water sea and that the marine sole is clayey. Mr. Zebell: the cold water is going to be obtained from the sea. The taking and unloading of the cooling water has no connection with lagoon. The full environmental study made possible to be observed the impact on the clayey sole the taking of the seawater. But the analyses show no negative influence will result. Based on the Draft Environmental Impact Study there is no evidence that the lagoon is being adversely impacted by natural anthropogenic activities. Also water qualities in the lagoon will not have any impact from thermal Power Plant. 7. Has been taken into account the view of local govern on the phase of the chosen of the place? Mr. Besim Islami: The history of the new modern TPP place has begun since 2 years ago. As beginning has been explained the need on a TPP in power system. Onward in the study on the rehabilitation of Fier TPP, have been outlined the needs for a study with variants in fuels, technologies and eventual places and the import option (HARZA); at last it is this project, which in the first phase examined 6 regions with 2 variants each of them. The views on this phase were not taken from the local govern, because this was not requested from the company for effect of confidence and prudence. This day and a month before we have been passing into these explanatory and indispensable procedural meetings. On the role of Albanian consultant, we have suggested to have 2 varants for each region (one of which in an ex industrial zone and the other in a free zone). Our suggestions have been opinions within our technical competence and we have been right to all findings at sitting study, feasibility study has been done in full collaboration with local and central Government. As you already know on April 3,2003 was held a meeting in Vlore for ToR on Environmental Impact Assessment and now the MHW team together with MIE and NAE are presenting in front of you and local Authority all findings. Your comments will be considered in the final version of Environmental Impact Assessment and in the Mitigation Plan. 8. Are to be taken into consideration views resulting from this meeting? Mr. Islami Besim: Yes of course. We show you that this conversation isn't done like a televisive show. We are totally preoccupied to follow all the steps, and as MrAhmeti and Mr. 10 Project# 1003316.013901 //MWH 0 ALBANIA MINISTRY OF INDUSTRYAND ENERGY Final Environmental Impact Assessment E Gjika said, it is indispensable this meeting to be realized and the study on the environmental impact has analised all preoccupations that concern you. Based on Aarhaus Convent, it is the duty of the Albanian institutions to inform the public in reference to all projects phases and with the impact that it will bring to the community and surroundings. After this meeting all yours ideas suggestions will be send officially to MHW, which should be taken into account in order to have a final Environmental Impact Assessment Study and Mitigation Plan to serve the future operation of the Power Plant. 9 What is Vlore going to win and lose from the construction of the TPP? Mr. Islami Besim: The construction of the new TPP is firstly very important in national context and secondly in regional one. In national context the construction of TPP will make possible the diversification of the electricity generation, which will increase the supply security. As far as is concerned Vlore this TPP will make possible the local electricity generation, which will be a help in the development of local economy of the region. On the other side, this project, being combined with this one with the construction of a line 220 kV Fier- Babica (Vlore), will make possible the increasing of the production activities, especially the tourism, on which all we are looking. 10. Has been thought for the pipes and the pontile of oil? Mr. Islami Besim: The question is very nice. On the study done from HARZA Company has been thought to be included all investments into the infrastructure connecting TPP with fuel, water and electricity networks. In the initial investment are included 2.6 millions US. $ For rehabilitation of all terminal for a secure import and depositing of fuels. Also as you already know in last two weeks we have a group of investors of AMBO pipeline which are going to study in details the energetic-industrial zone of Vlore closed by thermal power plant. In this zone are forecast to have a refinery, oil storage big storage of AMBO pipeline, so all of them will be in harmony and have any impact. 11 Has any study been done for their renovation and replacement? Mr. Islami Besim: I have to underline that inthe supplementary investments to be included in the supply infrastructure with fuels, water and with electricity system, all these have been taken into consideration and consequently TPP will be secure in its job. Has to be underlined that also for other places this has been taken into consideration and this is it which gave priorities the Vlore place. As conclusion I have again to underline that all investments have been taken into consideration for the whole infrastructure. This rehabilitated terminal will not serve only for power plant but also for marketing of oil by products for all other categories of consumers. This will help the state enterprise to have better financial performances. 12 Could you please show us the emission at Power Plant? Mr. Zebell: The emissions to the environment air from combustion of distillate fuel oil in a combustion turbine include sulphur dioxide (SO2) nitrogen oxides (NOx) carbon monoxide (CO) carbon dioxide (C02) particulate matter less than 10 microns (PM1o) and total 11 Project# 1003316.013901 C 12 Project# 1003316.013901 ALBANIA MINISTRY OF INDUSTRYAND ENERGY Final Environmental Impact Assessment < MWH 14 How will be controlled air emission by new thermal power plant? Mr. Zebell: In the draft Mitigation Plan is given a clear plan that will reduce all kind of emissions. SO2 emission will be controlled by limiting the sulphur content of the fuel. NOx emission will be controlled through burner management and water injection to the combustion turbines. Particulate emissions can be redacted through combustion control minimise the products of incomplete combustion. 15. How will be monitored the environmental impact during the operation? Mr. Zebell: The monitoring program will be used to verify the predictions of environmental impact developed in the design phase, are accurate and that unforeseen impacts are detected at an early stage. Monitoring programs for each for of the major environmental components are identified and shown in Draft Environmental Impact Assessment. It is necessary that responsible Ministry to coordinate the role and to oversee all the process of the monitoring 16. What will be the level of noise in the new thermal power plant? Significant noise levels can result from operation of the turbines and be emitted at various points. These points include the turbines, the exhaust gas, the air intake system, and the air- cooling system. The transformers in the switchyard can also generate significant noise levels. There is no background noise data for the site. The Generation Facility is expected to operate in a manner that adheres to the more stringent of EU or World Bank guidelines for noise emissions. When operated in combined cycle mode, the combustion turbines emit less noise than in simple cycle mode because of the silencing effect of the HRSG. A silencer for the HRSG stack is normally not necessary to meet the noise guidelines. The combustion turbines will be housed in an enclosure and the manufacturers information on such an arrangement is that the turbines will produce 85 decibel (A) (dB(A)) of noise. It is expected that the noise levels from the equipment planned for the Vlore project will meet the General Electric guideline for 6B combustion turbines of 85 dB(A). This level applies to enclosed turbines. This means that the combined noise level is 88 dB (A). There are no sensitive receptors within 100 m of the site; therefore, this is an acceptable level of noise impact. Significant noise levels can result from operation of the turbines and be emitted at various points. These points include the turbines, the exhaust gas, the air intake system, and the air-cooling system. The transformers in the switchyard can also generate significant noise levels. There is no background noise data for the site. The Generation Facility is expected to operate in a manner that adheres to the more stringent of EU or World Bank guidelines for noise emissions. When operated in combined cycle mode, the combustion turbines emit less noise than in simple cycle mode because of the silencing effect of the HRSG. A silencer for the HRSG stack is normally not necessary to meet the noise guidelines. The combustion turbines will be 13 Project# 1003316.013901 ALBANIA MINISTRY OF INDUSTRYAND ENERGY Final Environmental Impact Assessment _ housed in an enclosure and the manufacturers information on such an arrangement is that the turbines will produce 85 decibel (A) (dB(A)) of noise. 17 What will be the level of cost for mitigation of all measures? Mr. Zebell: The major mitigation costs are associated with air quality control and the effort to select the exact cooling water intake, and discharge locations, and to perform monitoring. In addition, a number of social impacts are forecasted, the full extent of which has not as yet been fully determined. Social issues primarily deal with the operational impacts of the station on the local communities and the surrounding area and the provision of a community impact agreement .It is recommended that a provisional sum be set-aside for the first three years of operation to address potential community impacts. After that time, the situation should be reassessed and an action plan developed as required for future operations. Environment mitigation costs are estimated at approximately 1.25 percent of the total project costs ($1.25 million). 18. What will be the level of Spilled oil? It is expected that the noise levels from the equipment planned for the Vlore project will meet the General Electric guideline for 6B combustion turbines of 85 dB(A). This level applies to enclosed turbines. This means that the combined noise level is 88 dB (A). There are no sensitive receptors within 100 m of the site; therefore, this is an acceptable level of noise impact. The potential for oil spills during oil delivery can occur through the shipping, unloading, and transfer of the fuel to onsite storage. Unloading operations may result in limited oil spillage to the sea during unloading by employing BMPs. These releases can be minimized through operational procedures. A floating oil boom should be used to contain spillage during ship unloading and disconnection procedures. Mr. Ahmeti Petrit: The new TEC we are discussing is a great endeavour of both the American and Albanian specialists to make possible the successful conclusion of the study and its implementation. Both the Ministry and the National Agency of Energy are going to do all the efforts for realizing the solution with minimal costs and minimal effect on the environment. Also Albania group has worked very closed with MHW to take very detailed Draft Study for EIA. Based in this EIA is prepared the Mitigation Plan which is estimated as very good one. I will ensure you that comments at this meeting will be included in final report of EIA. Mr. Habitat Bashkim: Firstly I want to discuss as a thermal engineer. From this point of view having a long experience, I appreciate very well the up to now study. of Environmental Impact Assessment. The study shows that all emissions are below the norms and standards of three banks and Albanian one. This is very important and I appreciated the work done up to now for the draft concerning the technology selection. As conclusion, I appreciate this meeting very good and congratulate Mr. Islami and the NAE participants for the good job done. 14 Project # 1003316.013901 "elI MWH ALBANIA MINISTRY OF INDUSTRYAND ENERGY Final Environmental Impact Assessment Mrs. Besim Islami: I appreciate very valuable the meeting organized from Ministry of Industry and Energy. It is the first time that a very detailed study is done in Albania analyzing all issues and content of EIA before and after the study as it was done by multi team. At the same time I want to underline that the place chosen from their side is 1.3 km way of Narta lagoon, so that this zone has not been concluded in a protected zone. As I was expressed at the beginning this meeting is very valuable and I hope that this to be also realized in last phase of the project. I want also to express that all three our institutions made a detailed study on the environmental impact, because on this zone is thought to be constructed the new TEC, fuels deposits and the drilling for oil wells. Also I am happy that this plant has emission well below the standards of three banks and Albanian ones. Mr. Jabali: It was a great pleasure for multi-team to hear all good words about draft study ans especially your comments and suggestions. I can ensure you that all of them will be included in final report of EIA. Once more thank you! Prefect of Vlore Mr. Gjika Shpetim: In concussion of this meeting I want to thank Mr. Habib Jabali, Mr. Zebell from MHW Company, Mr. Ahmeti Petrit and National Agency of Energy and especially Mr. Islami Besim for the great job they have done. Of course all participants gave constructive advices and some suggestions on the further improvement of the most important project job for new Thermal Power Plant. We as local authorities guaranty that we shall go on to sustain the made choosing that the TEC of Vlore to be constructed as sooner as possible and at the same time we request that the environmental impact study to show that all emissions are well below the WB, EIB, EBRD standards. List of Participants Mr. Besim ISLAMI Chairman of National Agency of Energy Mr. Shpetim GJIKA Prefect of Vlora Mr. Bashkim HABILAJ Chairman of Councel of District of Vlora Mr. Niko VEIZAJ Chairman of Municipality of Vlora Mr. Ahmeti Petrit Adviser of Minister of Industry and Energy Mr. Mitrushi Pirro National Agency of Energy Mr. Leskoviku Artan National Agency of Energy Mr. Hizmo Aheron National Agency of Energy Mr. Shakaj Kanan Chairman of Novosele Comune Ms.Mbyeti Shpresa Eng. of Novosele Comune Mr. Kume Arqile Electric Engineer Mr. Sulaj Ferdinand Society of Albanian legitim owners Mr. Suli Vaso Chemist Mr. Rrapaj Adhurim Engineer Mr. Dumani Dhimo Biolog, Society of Natyral Environment protection of Vlora Mr. Gjika Mynyr Programmation Sekretary, District of Vlora Mrs.Zunaj Luizaj Environment Regional Agency,Vlora 15 Project # 1003316.013901 . MWH ALBANIA MINISTRY OF INDUSTRYAND ENERGY Final Environmental Impact Assessment Mr. Monce Monce Liquidator of Soda-PVC Plant Mr. Qomaj Sotir T he Directory of Forest Service, Vlora Mr. Shpata Pajtim Society" Blue Expedition" Mr. Hoxha Clirim Environment Society " Kristo Papajani" Mr. Gaxhi Jahri Engineer Mr. Alltari Argent American Bank, Vlora Mr. Islami Patriot Businessman Mr. Haxhiu Vladimir Region Councel, Vlora Mr. Dervishaj Halim Director of SH.A Salt, Vlora Mr. Hudhra Spiro Director of Electro-energetic Filial,, Fier Mr. Gjidede Spiro Industry inspector in prefecture of Vlora Mr. Meksi Arben Urbanistic Engineer Mr. Sota Mario Mr. Opari Fasili Mr. Koka Anastas Mr. Andoni Dhionis Ms. Gjika Varvara Mr. Kotorri Petrit 16 Project# 1003316.013901 ALBANIA MINISTRY OF INDUSTRYAND ENERGY Final Environmental Impact Assessment _ a APPENDIX F Associated Reports 1 Project # 1003316.013901 I Ii i i I i I MWH CONSULTING KONSULTIMI I DYTE ME PUBLIKUN PER TEC-IN E N'LORES VLORE, 2 PRILL 2003 LISTA E PJESEMARRESVE NR. EMER MBIEMER Adresa Firiima 2 k~ c. :c b ( 9 t ______t______R1 a._9N t2>se6 _...... /t/t t tf52jf# . at1$3R 4 . ... . 5#3W%i&\l1.eQ.tttQ-.<\t)Ut\.3l ,- < A AC>~r . _.A-ASr e, A Ao j g_2 2u ¢ k -L- //_ ALAA 4~•~____~k?~mae1C/ ,.. 1/ ______...... j.a. _ .. siQ^\t clCt MWH CONSULTING KONSULTIMI I DYTE ME PUBLIKUN PER TEC-IN E VLORES VLORE, 2 PRILL 2003 LISTA E PJESEMARRESVE NR. EMER MBIEMER Adresa Firma /, 8 , 4 ______- ______I______RM k IR 1A IkIM*lF1 ALC ' A N.FES .- - . - . itL /7aYcLo .|jr6XMt ______~ ezIujL~ ALd__ L _ tie/1f/s7_~ )A Y .flI~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ A 4 Ve7/, d1c g . - / c2 ______$ ______,v _ _ §______I? DL'/$(e (A A .o r L f A- i I i i i i i Ii I i I i MWH CONSULTING KONSULTIMI I DYTE ME PUBLIKUN PER TEC-IN E VLORES VLORE, 2 PRILL 2003 LISTA E PJESEMARRE SVE NR. EMER MBIEMER Adresa Fir ,,;F ~~~~4/1 4 9 -7o @v 'KkN4\- >J4~ >K y-~ \1 ___ A~L~CVWL Vx ke 1 'L II2j % + .~ I ______W/}'%N U + ' 1 , tV I i i i I MWH CONSULTING KONSULTIMI I DYTE ME PUBLIKUN PER TEC-IN E VLORES VLORE, 2 PRILL 2003 LISTA E PJES.EMARRESVE NR. EMER MBILEMER Adresa Firma tikteA4- 1V-I >~~Y &&es) >' k>t tvIDy 9Wi>( ------I m§) MWH Ministry of Industry & Energy Vlore Electric Generation Facility Environmental Impact Assessment Second Public Consultation Meeting Vlore, Albania April 2, 2003 Ii I I I i t i 34MWH rArydIdy&~F Agenda * Introduction - Purpose of Meeting - Environmental Impact Assessment Process * Project Description * Environmental Impacts * Environmental Management Plan * Discussion II i , MW H lt\IiydIrd Ay&r Introduction - Purpose of Meeting I To consult with groups affected by the proposed power generation facility at the onset of the Environmental Impact Assessment process. I i i i Introduction - Environmental Impact Assessment Process * Category A Project * Assess the Environmental Aspects of the Project - Baseline Conditions - Impacts During Construction - Impacts During Operation * Environmental Management Plan i i i I , M W '. l\ Iiu iiX Project Description * Nominal 100 MW Combined Cycle Electric Generation Facility * Distillate Oil-Fired * Delivered Via Existing Offshore Oil Tanker Terminal * Stored On-Site in 4,900 m 3 Oil Storage Tank * Water Usage - Once Through Cooling Utilizing Sea Water - Water Intake - Water Discharge i i I I , MWH r'Adrd rddyz; Site Location 6 Hectare Greenfield Site e ~ lec[ar6s ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~/ ; . j, t - i Z ~~ ~_ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~/---- , i|! t ' R 04. ~~~ i ~ ~~~/ .. HX./ / / Sie FA. v k..' ..... -*~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ I ,~ ';\'t ,k.W'gi I iI I i f i * MWH iyd&9) Baseline Environmental Conditions i*Air * Water * Land , MWH Mdy diyd0 Environmental Impacts * During Construction - Air, Water, Land * During Operation - Air, Water, Land II OMIWIH NMd 1'! Environmental Management Plan * Adverse Impact Mitigation * Environmental Monitoring * Capacity Development & Training MWH IydIdY Discussion --- -.. --- -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -E--Z.. ______I - .<-j' YloreVI1! Electric Generation Facuity i1^'1 g V>.. ,,. ___r' Second Public Consultation 4 Vlore, Albania 4 April 2, 2003 AC i I I f i I i i I i I MONTGOMERY WATSON HARZA t ]J~ C) IJiJ Overview of MWH MWH's Scope of Work Findings Project Highlights Future Steps i i I i i D MwA I -- ____ MON GOM ERY WA ,-SON HARZA MWH is among the largest and most experienced firms operating in the global markets for energy, water, wastewater, and environmental services We provide services in engineering, design, construction, technology, business consulting and enterprise solutions i I i i i Ii i _ _ i .- --- MWH ______MONTGO&TRY WATSON HARZA N MWH translates knowledge and experience into strategies, and actions that deliver successful results by putting Clients' needs first The company is international in reach, multicultural in staffing and structure, employee-owned, and operates from offices around the globe ii I i I i MONl-GOMERY LVATSON HARZA Q V f.Lr\\ yJ fj jYj I R # j Headquartered in Denver, with 150 offices in more than 50 t 8,1S, ;':;gw , ,-.4, countries around the world W-- X Over 6,000 employees -9 +t-<+gr t 0B Morethan 7,000clientsand _ [t--v.4o 25,000 projectst tf - >worldwide ______. ! F Designed over 150 generation N - t[ - ! P- s facilities throughout the World representing over 60,000 MW of Chicago Office Chicago Office installed capacity i i i i i i I MONTGOiv ERY WATSON HARZA Ministry of Ministry of Meeting Albania's energy needs Environment Industry and requires an integrated project \Energy team, which has been assembled for the Viore Electric Generation NAE KESH Fclt The Li~~~~~~The strong support and TheWord ~commitment Bank of the Minister of MWH Industry and Energy and many other Albanian organizations has EBRD EIB enabled the Project to be a huge success thus far I i I I i i i ii1 MONTGOMERY WATSON HARZA MWH has been working closely with the Project Team to accomplish the following: Determining the best site, technology, and fuel for a new base load thermal generation facility in Albania Preparing the technical specifications and tender documents for the facility Performing an environmental impact assessment that follows World Bank and European requirements I Ii i I i i i i i I I I 14 MONTGOMERY 'ATSON HARZA 12- jI1]5 j !; 2 Evaluated seven potential sites (Durres, Elbasan, Korge, Fier, Shengjin, Vlore Site A, Vlore Site B) based on a number of development criteria The Vlore B site had the lowest levelized generation cost of power compared to other sites Combined cycle technology was determined to be the most cost effective option for a new base load generation facility i I i I * WIH MONTGOM ERY WVAATSON HARZA A distillate-oil fired combined cycle generation facility at the Vlore B site was found to be technically, environmentally, and financially feasible The Vlore B site was selected as the best overall site for the installation of a new base load thermal generation facility I I i I i i MONTGQOIlEWY LVATSON HAlRZA r_ 1]t]C1]tJ It is anticipated that the proposed generation facility will also provide an economic boost to the region through job creation during construction and plant operation I i i I i MWH @< MIONTGOMERY WATSON HARZA IFr ,j ' e-~FJ~gG r-]tg, j . Fuel Type: Distillate Oil Water Source: Adriatic Sea Proposed Transmission Interconnection Point: Babica 220/110 kV Substation JIM Capacity Size: 80 - 110 MW with Possible Expansion to 300 MW Estimated Cost: $80 - $100 Million Typical Combined Cycle Generation Facility i MONTGOMERY l'VATSON HARZA Six hectare greenfield site located two kilometers northwest of Vlore d ' hectarbs ' 'N. < _ql_ w f/ --I ' 21- N * k~~~~~~~~~~i' 0 - / N tvMONTGOMERY WVATSON HARZA Prepare tender documents to send out to potential engineer-procure-construct (EPC) bidders Prepare an environmental impact assessment i I ii MONT GO&EnRYV'A i-SON H-HtA MWH will work closely with the Ministry of Industry and Energy and the Ministry of the Environment to complete an environmental impact assessment that meets World Bank and European standards The environmental impact assessment will include: Baseline environmental conditions Environmental impacts during construction and operation Environmental management plan I i I , MWH Ministry of Industry & Energy Vlore Electric Generation Facility Environmental Impact Assessment Third Public Consultation Meeting Vlore, Albania September 3, 2003 i i i i , M WH -t/iky Irdy&Z, Agenda * Introduction - Purpose of Meeting - Environmental Impact Assessment Process * Project Description * Environmental Impacts * Environmental Management Plan * Discussion i i M WH hatixyds Iriryd Introduction - Purpose of To consult with groups affected by the proposed power generation facility during the Environmental Impact Assessment process. l ,) MWH k\iryd IrdAyMA Introduction - Environmental Impact Assessment Process * Category A Project * Assess the Environmental Aspects of the Project - Baseline Conditions - Impacts During Construction - Impacts During Operation * Environmental Management Plan I I i i i ,) M WH Mixy IdA&dI Project Description * Nominal 100 MW Combined Cycle Electric Generation Facility * Distillate Oil-Fired * Delivered Via Existing Offshore Oil Tanker Terminal * Stored On-Site in 4,900 m 3 Oil Storage Tank * Water Usage - Once Through Cooling Utilizing Sea Water - Water Intake - Water Discharge i I i II , MWH L4dry rAy1 Site Location 6 Hectare Greenfield Site I;: ~~~~~~~ '-'. , /_.F > 6 @ [s _. , } I . , - ,.' " ''/ '.; i i t i i i , MWH h^-kydIdy6IeZ Baseline Environmental Conditions * Air * Water * Land i i i I I'4 9 U (I) r- v C) coo 0{ 4- _ ) L. L. O 5:~~~a) a) a) 04--i ~4-aj E Cu co *l *- ,) MWH r1i\ydIry6&7 Air Quality Impacts * Impacts meet World Bank and EU Sta nda rds. * Emissions Assessed Include: - Carbon Monoxide (CO) - Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) - Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) - Particulate Matter or Dust (PM10) i i i i II i i i I , MWH Md Air Emission Standards Thermal Generation Facility Emission Standard Pollutant Estimated Viore Plant World Bank European Union Emissions 3 PM1o 50 mg/Nm 50 mg/Nm3 (dry @3% 02) 14 mg/Nm3 3 NOx 165 mg/Nm (dry @ 15% 02) 450 mg/Nm3 (dry @3% 02) 97 mg/Nm3 S02 T20020 TD/N3 M 1,700 mg/Nm3 (dry 3%02) 0.0048 TPD/MW SO2 ~2,000 mg/NM (r@%021,03 (dry 3%02) (r 57.4 mg/NM 3 i i i i j i I iI ,) M WVH l\Ahyd IrdiYd Air Emission Impacts * NOxAnnual Standard * World Bank 100 pg/m3 * EU 40 ,g/m3 * EU 30 p.g/m 33(protect vegetation) * Modeled NOx Annual Impact * 3.1 1Lg/m 3 ------... , MWH NyddY Air Emission Impacts d PM10 Annual Standard * World Bank 50 4m3 * EU 40 jm3 * Modeled PM10 Annual Impact . 0.3 m3 i *) M WH ftIi\ry IrdAy~A Air Emission Impacts * SO2 1-Hour Standard * EU 350 4m3(protect ecosystems) * Modeled SO2 1-Hour Impact * 53.4 jm3 ,) M WH ;aiic Irhy&1 Thermal Discharge to Bay of Vlore * World Bank Standard * Less than 30C Temperature Rise Modeled Thermal Impact * 0.84°C i i I i I i i , MW:. ftdryli& Environmental Management Plan * Adverse impact Mitigation * Environmental Monitoring * Capacity Development & Training I i i U I I i REPUBLIC OF ALBANIA MINISTRY OF INDUSTRY AND ENERGY NATIONAL SCIENlFIFIC CENTRE OF HYDROCARBURES FIER The Authors Dr. MUSKA Kristaq Dr. LULA Fotaq Ing. SINA Majlinda REPORT ON GEOLOGICAL-ENGINEERING OBSERVATIONS OF TRIDPORT- VLORA REGION, WHERE IS FORESEEN TO BE ERECTED THIE TEC IS APPROBATED BY Fier, 2002-2003 I i I 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction Page Kaj. Geological-engineering consmtuction I.1. Geological constuction I.1.A Strategraphy I.2. Geological-Engineering data I.3. Seismic indicators I.4. Hydro-geological indicators " II. Conclusions Literature TABLE MATERIAL 1. Physical-mechanical characteristics of samples. Table No 1 Page 2. Measuring indicators on terrin. Table No 2 I 3. Laboratory analysis of water samples. Table No 3 GRAPHYCAL MATERIAL 1. Constuction Plaimetry of TEC. Fig. No 1 Page 2. Geological Map of Region Vlora-Narta. Fig. No 2 " 3. GeologCical Profile A-A, BCC. Region Vlora-Narta. Fig. No3 " 4. Geological Profile B-B. Region Vlora-Narta Fig. No 4 5. Geological Profile D-D. Region Vlora-Narta. Fig. No 5 ! I 3 INTRODUCTION Ministry of industry and Energy, in the franework of the necessity for TEC construction, on October 2002 sent a group of heads and specialists from the isitutions KESH, AEK, SHGJSH and QKSHH for inspecting and determining the TEC construction place (in the region near Triport, Vlora), where was fixed the possible place on this problemn Upon Ministry instruction, QKSHH of Fier has got the task of performance for the geology-engineering and hydrography of this object, erecting a working-body. The working-body for the task performing orgaised the getting of samples on prelminfary geology-engineering studies, executing superficial working for hole opening by the help of scraper and diffused uniformly on the determined surface. By holes opening were provided the samples according to the litologic type on the detenrning of physical-mechanical features and were observed and furnished the samples for the level and chemical analysis of waters. The worlcings on the ground were realised on 29.10. 2002 and their laboratory analyses conchlded on 06.11.2002, chemical analyses of waters and physical-mechanical ones concluded on 08.11.2002. By the profited dates are preliinaily determined the geological-engineering and hydra-chemical conditions of the chosen polygon for TEC constructing. I Ii 4 CHAPTER I - GEOLOGICAL - ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION The study region is inchlded on the Ionic tectonic zone, mainly on anticline zone of Cika and on the south part of Near-Adriatic lowland. 11.1. Geological construcdon The depositing, which participate on geological construction of region belong to the complex of terigene rocks. I1.1.A Stratigraphy The depositories of neogenic system cover the surface of study region and are represented by those of Serravalian-, Tortonian-, Messinian-, Pliocen- and Kuatemar store (lit. 1, 2). Seravalian N2'1 This surface is spread on the hills of Zvemec village. The depositing of this store are represented by the sandy thick and massive layers, interlaced by alevrolite ones. On higher follow depositories, represented by interlacing of middle and thin sandy layers with clay, alevrolite and some calcareous litotamnic layers. On the highest part predominates clayey-alevrolite section. Tortonian - N3tl Is spread on the east back of Zvernec hills. The Tortonian depositories are represented by interlacing of avrolite clay with sandy layers, cemented a little. Also are met layers and lentils of lens with thickness of centimetres. 3 Mesiniani - N 1 It is met on the surface in Kanina-Babica regions and eastwards of Narta. In Kanina begins with a conglomerate horizons with a thick of 1.0 m and afterwards with massive sandy with concretions. Going up on section, the sandy materials become with a thin layer and the section is transformed into a clayey-alevrolite layer interlaced with calcified sandy litotamnic one till 1 m thickness. On the upper part, the predominating section is composed of clayey and alevrolite interlacing, in the middle of which are set some gyps levels with thickness that varies from 5-10 m till 40 m, where more are met clay and some sandy friable layers. 5 Pliocen - N2 These depositions have a great diffusion on the east part of region. On the north part they are successively placed, while on the south of region transversally over Messinianin According to the litologic composition these depositions are grouped into two suits: * Helmes suit * Rrogozhina suit Helmes suit - Nn2 It has a great superficial diffsion (Fig 2). On the South is placed transversally over the oldest depositories and represented from the bottoms part with conglomerated sandy materials, sandy and clays that passes afterwards into the newest section, in general the depositing of massive clays interlaced with scarce massive sandy materials. In some places the sandy materials are more frequent.. Rrogozhina suit - NR2 It follows normally over Helmes suit and begins with massive sandy rocks, that in extension pass through conglomerated sandy material and conglomerates. The section generally is represented from sandy interlaced with conglomerate and rarely with clay. The sandy materials are often met in the bottom part (Fig. 2) Kuaternar - Q These depositories occupy a great surface in the region, based on study (lit. 1), they are created on maritime conditions. Pleistocen - Qi Are diffised only the depositing of uper Pleistocen, which are also placed on the region; where are going to be constructed the oil deposits and those of Halocen. Upper Pleistocen -Q 2 They have a wide diffusion mainly on Akernia region and during the east belt of Narta swamp. These sediments have also been met from drillings made for purpose of cartography, drink water, etc. The section near the land surface 1-2 till 3 m is represented from clay and thin clay (suclay) of vegetal dark grey to a certain extent compact attaining unsteady thickness, that on the region of the construction of oil by-product goes till 15 cm and down are followed by dark grey clay sediments, with sandy grilles spread in strtification view i i I 6 and chaotically into pieces and shells of bivalves with a sporadic diffusion. These sedinents attain the thickness tiI 40 - 50 cm. The section near the land surface goes on down-ward with interlacing of dark grey - azure clays, with a plastic dampness, climbing with a shovel. Clays are altemated with lentils from accumulation of macro-fauna of bivalve classes shells with a thickness 3-5 cm, while clayey altemations reaches till 10 cm. In some cases, the hole 3, 4 (Fig 2, 3) at the end is appeared only the clayey section with any rare lentils of shell accumulations. According to the drilled walls (K-4, P-107) under the clayey section till to Kuarternar floor follows a sandy section with conglomerate lentils (sea Fig. 4) Halocen - Q2 They find diffusion on the west-east part and on the west edge of the region. Bottom Holocen - Q2 Has only superficial diffusion on the regions of Ala village. The bottom limit is stratified with interpretation according to the material presented in lit. F. Lula, etc., 2001. Expelling 1-2-3 m from the upper momentum alluvions of the Vjosa River, the section is presented from light grey alevrolite-clay with beige nuances till dark green and in some places azure. Between them are encountered sandy accumulation and macro- fauna shells; which gave the section a stratified construction. Upper Halocen Q2 2 Are placed everywhere upon incompatibility and are represented by depositories of coastal sandy materials, alluvions and alluvial-dehvial prolluvions. Depositories of coastal sandy -Q2 2 (Rd) Are diffused on the west part extending quasi parallel to the hillock line, creating sea beaches in the forn of a belt with width varying the extension on the inside of the earth from 500-1000 m til 3000 m. These depositing create the contemporary beaches and the parts of risen dums. Alluvial depositories - Q2 2 (al) On the region they are encountered only on the west-east extremity, created from the emergencies of Seman river. They are represented by thin clay with plant roots creating vegetal lands (lit. ). i I i I i I I i i 7 2 Alluvial-delluvial and prolluvial depositories - Q 2 (del-al) Are diffused on the east part of the region and occupy the parts near the hillsides on the east side of the field and also in the small torrents, which traverse these hills. They at the start are represented from disjoined pieces of rooted rocks created as a result of atmospheric agent activity. These pieces during transportation and cutting up till in further crumbling are accumulated in mixture between them with the thinnest material of thin clay and thin sand and are accumuated into the hillsides and farther on the side of torrents creating delluvions and prolluvions with a little thickness 4 -5 m. L 2. Geological - Engineering data The studied region for the constucting of the TEC inchldes a surface of 30 ha, which was submitted prelimary geological - engineermg studies by analysing 12 samples with undistorted structure, taken from 11 holes drilled with a depth from 2.0 m till maximum3.4 and that constitute a general length of 27.10 m within the polygon, where has been judged to erecting the TEC. Litologic construction of each hole and samnple taken, is represented in figures, where is reflected the documentation of a hole face, giving the depth opening with the position of sample choosing for laboratory analysis of physical and mechanical features. The study surface is composed by rocks, which in geo-technique belong the soil groups without cohesion. The data of physical-mechanical features for each sample are given on the table Nr.1. Based on laboratory analysis of the taken samples from a thickness 3,4 m, preliminarily is arived on this conclusions: * The cutting till in the opened depth is represented by thin-grain till little- grain sandy, namnely in beige-yellow colour. In different depth, in some places the sand material is mixed with pieces of macro-fauna shells and levels with thin clays, which have limited diffusions, because they are not encountered in neighbour holes opened within the study surface. * The permitted resistance has been calculated for each sample on the chosen depth and indicates that in sandy materials it budges within the linits 1.1-1.4 2 kg/cm , while in samples with thin clay attains in limits 0.8 and 1.1 kg/cm2 . * The sediments are created namely on maritime - and maritime-swampy conditions and contain mineral salts, which may be dissolved and lead in changing of their physical-mechanical features. Therefore the construction workings on this territory has to take into consideration the structure soil preservation or its change before the constructing. * The dampness in these rocks attains values from 4.77% till 75.6%, on the great part prevails 25-30%. * The rocks have a porous coefficient from 0.42 till 0.66, where prevails 0.43. i I i I i i 8 1.3. Seismic indicators Based on seismic streak of the country, Vlora region, where is also included the TEC to be constucted, geologically is inchled near the cross-way of two seismic-tectonic lineaments, which are active during the neotectonic phase. It's a historical fact that Vlora and its vilages are included by strong earthquakes with shaking intensity VII-VIII and IX of the Richter-scale. Seismic and geological dates sustain the inclusion of Vlora region with its peripheries in the region, where are waited earthquake shakings with intensity IX of the Richter- scale. During the study of the technical project has to be dedicated importance the process of the sandy liquefaction on the base of the seismic intensity and granulated constitution of the sandy materials on the region. Also during the working for groundwork opening has to be taken into consideration the suffusion process. 1.4. Hydro-geological indicators In the opened holes was observed the start depth of the water flowing, which resulted from 1.0 till 2.30 m from the land surface and were taken 7 water samples, which were analysed in laboratory. From the field analyses (Table Nr.2) were performed tempeature measuring, which result from 15,60C till 19,50C; pH 6,5-7; TDS 88,4-1169 ppm. Was also measured the water level from the surface, which was 0.17 - 2.0 m. On four holes has not resulted water flowing. According to the laboratory analysis (Table Nr.3) are determined cations Na+ + K+ 4 2 215,2-4487,6 mg/I., Ca 36-144 mg/l, Mge2 4,8-696 mg/I. The cations sum 256- 8687,6 mg/I. Anions 2 CI 34.08-2334.4 mg/L SO-'4 38.4-844.8 mg/I., CO 3 24-48 mg/l; HCO3 - 146.4-536.8 mg/I. The anions sum 471-3471.6 mg/I. The general hardness 1.2-13.2 mg.ek/1; pH 6.5-8.5. The water is without colour and odour, three samples were salted (the holes 2, 5, 7). The general mineralization 0.712 grfl - 23707 grAL The chemical nature of water for the samples 2, 3, 10 is S04 - Na (Natrium-Sulphate), for the samples 1, 7, 12 - HC0 3-Na (Natrium-Bicarbonate), for the sample 6 6 - Cl-Mg (Magnesium-Chlorine). On the base of the above-mentioned analysis is concluded that the holes 1 and 10 are with water without salt. The others are with salt water. The static level of water is the same with that of the sea level. i i 9 THE TABLE OF PHYSICAL-MECHANICAL FEATURES OF TIlE SAMPLES FOR TPP OF VLORA Table no. 1 Kind of A n a I y s i s No Analysis Spec. Vol. Vol. Natural Porou- Porou- Permi- Granulated constitution and plasticity Sample No weight Weight Weight damp- sitet sitet ssible gr/cm3 cm3/gr carcass ness indica- Resi- 5 tors stance ______g/cm3 n e kg/cm2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 I. Sample-1/1 2.62 1.95 1.49 24.21 0.46 0.85 1.1 sandy fraction (0.05-2mm) 89.3% dusty fraction (0.05-0.002) 9.4% clayey fraction (<0.002) 1.3% 2. Sample-1/2 2.69 1.81 1.4 24.85 0.43 0.75 1.4 sandy fraction (0.05-0.002) 86.7% dusty fraction (0.05-0.002) 10.9% clayey fraction (<0.003) 2.4% 3. Sample-1/3 2.61 1.84 1.51 25.36 0.42 0.72 1.3 sandy fraction (0.05-2mm) 85.3% dusty fraction (0.05-0.002) 11.4% clayey fraction (<0.002) 3.3% 4. Sample-2/1 2.69 1.90 1.51 25.66 0.43 0.75 1.3 sandy fraction (0.05-2mm) 84.6% dusty fraction (0.05-0.002) 11.8% clayey fraction (<0.002) 3.6% 5. Sample-3/1 2.61 1.6 0.87 5.36 0.42 0.72 1.2 sandy fraction (0.05-2mm) 80.3% dusty fraction (0.05-0.002) 15.4% _ clayey fraction (<0.002) 4.3% 6. SarMle-3/2 2.6 1.72 1.15 49.15 0.565 1.2 1.0 upper plastic. limit Wr--54.77% i i i i I i I 10 bottom plastic. limit Wp=30.98% ______plasticnumber Ip= 13.79% 7. Sample-4/1 2.7 1.52 1.45 4.98 0.41 0.69 1.2 sandy fraction (0.05-2mm) 82.3% dusty fraction (0.05-0.002) 13.7% clayey fraction (<0.002) 4.0% 8. Sample-4/2 2.69 1.54 0.89 71.26 0.66 1.9 0.9 upper plastic. limit Wr= 75.14% bottom plastic. limit Wp= 28.52% plastic number Ip = 46.62% 9. Sample-5/1 2.67 1.59 1.52 4.77 0.43 0.75 i.2 sandy fraction (0.05-2mm) 87.3% dusty fraction (0.05-0.002) 10.7% clayey fraction (<0.002) 2.0% 10. Sample-6/1 2.61 1.91 1.51 25.8 0.41 0.69 1.3 sandy fraction (0.05-2mm) 81.3% dusty fraction (0.05-0.002) 15.5% clayey fraction (<0.002) 3.2% 11. Sample-7/1 2.56 1.82 1.41 28.93 0.44 0.74 1.2 sandy fraction (0.05-2mm) 85.4% dusty fraction (0.05-0.002) 11.7% clayey fraction (<0.002) 2.9% 12. Sample-9/1 2.61 1.88 1.50 75.6 0.42 0.72 1.4 sandy fraction (0.05-2mm) 88.2% dusty fraction (0.05-0.002) 9.6% clayey fraction (<0.002) 2.2% 13. Sample-9/2 2.71 1.54 1.49 30.21 0.45 0.82 1.1 upper plastic. limit Wr= 39.55% bottom plastic. limit Wp= 15.32% plastic nunber Ip = 24.13% 14. Sample-10 2.65 1.86 1.47 26.71 0.44 0.79 1.1 sandy fraction (0.05-2mm) 81.3% dusty fraction (0.05-0.002) 15.6% clayey fraction (<0.002) 3.1% 15. Sample-l /1 2.71 1.91 1.49 28.13 0.45 0.81 1.1 sandy fraction (0.05-2mm) 85.5% dusty fraction (0.05-0.002) 13.1 % t iI i I i i i claey fraction (<0.002) 1.4% 16. Sample-12/2 2.39 1.5 0.86 75.6 0.63 1.7 0.8 upper plastic. limit Wr= 85.12% bottom plastic. limit Wp= 36.71% plastic number Ip = 48.4 1% Hole No. 1 (Depth 2.0 m) Vertical scale 1: 25 Litologic Litologic Sample Depth Thickness Litologic description Water Water Date Index colon number m m flowing level V. sc. 1:25 ______...... ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~._ _ _ _ _ ...... Beach sand ...... grains in grey colour, friable, ...... with humidity till in depth ...... 0.4 m and the shrubs with ...... k 1/1 roots ...... The water flowing in depth ...... 1.0 ...... 0.90 Rd 2 ...... 00 1.00 12 30. 10. 2002 Sand, grains in dump grey colour, half fiiable with ...... humidity till in glutting with .. k 1/2 water ...... 1.80 0.80 0 0 0 0 0 o 2.00 0.20 Sand with grains in greyish . 0 k 1/3 colour, satiated with water, . . . . . with macro-fiuna pieces Hole No 2 (Depth 2.10 m) Vertical scale 1: 25 Litologic Litologic Sample Depth Thickness Litologic description Water Water Date Index colon number m m flowing level ______v. sc 1:2 5______ Beach sand grains in grey in beige ______colour, with humidity till in i I I 1I i 13 ...... depth 0.4 m and the shrubs 2 with roots Q 3Rd ...... 30.10.2002 ...... 1.00... . 1.00 ...... ...... Sand with grains in grey in beige colour, in some places ...... dark grey, a little ...... compressed and satiated ...... with water...... The water flowing in depth ...... 1.3 m...... k 2/1 2.10 1.10 Hole No. 3 (Depth 2.8 m) Vertical scale 1: 25 Geological Litologic Sample Depth Thickness Litologic description Water Water age colon number Date m m flowing level (Index) V.Sc. 1:25 No. 3 (Depth 2.8_m) _Vertieal_seale_1:_2 0.10 0.10 Sand with rush roots ------14 Sand with thin grains, colour beige in yellow, friable and with humidity till in 0.4 m depth, with rush roots. In some places are observed nuances in grey - beige colour. 2 1Rd l . * |K-3/1 1.40 1.30 30.10.2002 Sand with thin grains, colour grey in beige and yellow, on the average compressed and satiated with water. 2.00 2.30 1.00 2.30 2.36 Plastic suclay mixtures, soft with organic decomposed turf residues, in dark green .______colour, sands with dark thin I i i i i i I I 16 k5/51 3.00 2.90 Hole NO. 4 (Depth 3.4 m) Vertical scale 1: 25 Litologic Litologic Sample Depth Thickness Litologic description Water Water Date Index colon number m m flowing level v. sc. 1:25 _ . \V. \. \. 0.10 0.10 Sand, grains with fbliage and \. \. \ tree rots V.\.\.\. V .\ .\.\ .\. Sand, grains with colour grey in yellow, fiiable and with humidity. Forest wood roots achieve till in 1.2 m depth (mainly pine-woods) Q22Rd 17 . . k4/1 3.20 3.10 .4.4 .4. Sand, grains with shell .* .4* .4* . k 4/2 3.40 0.20 pieces of bivalves Hole NO. 6 (Depth 2.2 m) Vertical scale 1: 25 Litologic Litologic Sample Depth Thickness Litologic description Water Water Date Index colon number m m flowing level v. sc. 1:25 ...... 0.30 0.30 Sand, grains in grey-beige colour, with humidity on the ...... surface ...... Sand, grains in grey colour with humidity. Till in the depth 1.00 are observed ...... sand belts in black colour -___-__-__--______- ______-______with a thickness till I cm , I _0.97 30.10.2002 I I i i i i i I 18 Q2ARd which are wedged. The 1.10 ...... thicker belts are at the begining of this interval and downer they are rarefied. The flowing water begins in the depth 1.1 m. .6. .6 . Are distinguished macro- .6 .6 fun pieces distnbuted in irregular forms. Sands are .6* .6* .6* . half fiiable and with humnidity. k 6/4 2.20 1.90 .~.6.6 .6.. Hole no. 7 (Depth 2.0 m) Vertical scale 1: 20 Litologic Litologic Sample Depth Thickness Litologic description Water Water Date Index colon number m m flowing level v. sc. 1:25 .V.'. \V\. \ 0.15 0.15 Sand, grains in beige colour * \. .'V with foliage and shrub roots V~~ V__ .. \\A A..' . . . . . ~~~~~~~~~~Sand,grains in colour grey in beige with yellow nuances and humidity. The flowing water in the depth 1.2 me ------19 2 30.10.2000 Q 2Rd 1.08 1.20 1.05 1.20 Sand, grains in colour grey in beige, in some places light K\ K K Kbeige, with macro-faun KR K.\K\ K\ K\ pieces, satiated with water .a . * i\.*.and \ half compressed. At the * .6 .6 beging black sand belts, .6.6 .6 under which is distinguished 6 .6 an inclined belt. . .6* *. *@ |k7/1 | 2.00 | 0.80 |_ l_ll Hole No. 9 (Depth 2.8 m) Vertical scale 1 : 20 Litologic Litologic | Sample Depth JThickness | Litologic description Water | Water | Date Index colon j number j m j m I Jflowing level 20 v._sc._1:25 X \ \.\. \ 0.10 0.10 Sand, grains with foliage and .V\. \.\. \.\ shrub roots | . . \ *.\; \.< l | 6 Sand, grains in colour grey .5 . . . . tin yellow, friable and with . . . . . humidity. ARd2 2 30.10.2000 * . .~~ k9/1 .0. 2.00 1.90 **44§ @ k 912 2.10 0.10 Black turf suclay, half * strong. Sand, grains in colour beige in yellow, a little compressed. I i i i I 21 * .. . 2.80 0.70 Hole No. 10 (Depth 2.2 m) Vertical scale 1: 25 Litologic Litologic Sample Depth Thickness Litologic description Water Water Date Index colon number m m flowing level _ v. sc. 1:25 A .\. .\ . 0.10 0.10 Friable sand in beige colour. A.\. .\ .\ Sand, grains in colour grey \ A. .'\ .\ in yellow, half fiable and with humidity...... On the upper part with shrub roots. 2 Q 1Rd . . . The water flowing till in the 1.05 depth 1.3 m. 1.30 1.28 30.10.2000 1.70 1.60 Sand, grains with humidity in colour grey in beige and with nuances, in a half friable state. 22 k 10/1 2.20 0.50 Hole No. 11 (Depth 2.10 m) Vertical scale 1: 25 Litologic Litologic Sample Depth Thickness Litologic description Water Water Date Index colon number m m flowing level v. sc. 1:25 \ \ \ 0.10 0.10 Friable sand inbeige colour Sand, grains in colour grey in beige, friable and with humidity. 0.88 Flowing water in the depth 2 30.10.2000 Q 2 Rd . . . . 1.2 mn 1.20 I I i i Ii 23 . . . k 11/1 2.10 2.00 Hole No. 12 (Depth 3.0 m) Vertical scale 1: 25 Litologic Litologic Sample Depth Thickness Litologic description Water Water Date Index colon number m m flowing level v. sc. 1:25 \ \. \.\. \ 0.05 0.05 Vegetal ground (land) with .\.\. \V.\ \ plant roots V.\\.V. \ 0.20 0.15 Sand, grams with foliage and . \ . \ . \ . \ . shrub roots Sand in colour grey-beige in yellow. Towards depth with nuances dark grey, friable Q22Rd . . . and with humidity. Sand is 30.10.2002 with thin grains. Trees fbrest roots are encountered till in depth 1.5 I 24 M.. 4 i 4 4 Black turf clays in a half l>ik | 12/1 3.00 2.90 strong state with humidity ______S ______i ii i i i i ii Ii I iI LAB. ANALYSES OF WATER SAMPLES Tebh Na 3 Table___ CHEMICAL COMPOSMON SanNIl Th-ng Anls Prwfanre CONTENT IN I LITER W#. W~. _ _ _C n l _ _ _ I______kw,~~saiDue Hax Bgvm *w __ Na. K. - Ca2 Mr ~ Cabais&jm Cl- 4- ______RI %rrv. "W "V. %.e_ nv . mrr iN __ _ _ ml -W, rmr --. -ev. . 3.wni-l210.200212:0 01.11.2002 08.112002 215.2 9.3 81.1 36 1.8 15.5 4.8 0.4 3.4 25 11.56 100 3.4.0 0.96 8.4 393.6 8.2 70.9 S 2 29.10.2002 12501.11.2002 06.11.2002 1888.1 79.7 85.9 64 3.2 3.4 a 1 10.7 2017.1 92.4 100 2334.4 65.7 7109 844.8 17.6 18.9 24 S 29.10.2002 16:3 01.11.202 06.t1 2002 305.4 13. 65.4 80 *_ 19. 3 _3 14.r 421.9 20.3 100 74.9 2.1 10.4 595.6 12.; 60.1 4 Swnp-aS 29.10.2002 1520 04.11.2002 06.11.2002 7847.6 341. 63 144 1: 2. 696 58 14.1 8687.t 411.2 100 1320.1 368.1 90 1728 A 8.7 . Sai-7 29.10.2002 14:55 04.11 .2002 06.1 1202 453.1 19. 80.4 24 1.2 4.8 43 3.6 14.8 520.3 24.5 100 402.1 11.3 46.2 38.4 0.8 3.2 48 tSar.-10 29.10.2002 15:5 04.11.2002 06.11.2002 156.4 6.8 56. 56 2.8 23. 28.8 2.4 20 241.2 12 100 99.4 2.8 23.3 249.6 5-. 43.4 7 sw -1 29.10.2002 16:05104.11.2002 06.11.2002 312.8 13.6 81.1 56 2. 16. 4.6 0.4 2.3 373. 16.8 100 56.8 1.6 9.6 3264 6.8 404 LAB. ANALYSES OF WATER SAMPLES = rIg _ A _r_ns__ _ Tl | Gen"si Chranccernsrs P1P |nermlaion| Type Renaws CO -2(3 HCO3 Anions Sum |_ Sn Hardness Crajr I Taste Odar d |i | qv-| | ml %4V. mu iN l1lmar ______grA Water 14684 241 207 50w.88 11.56 100 7568 2.2WilthaA ,cdu,sea Inodur| 65 0.7561HCO3-Na |08a 08 5388 88 94 3471.6 92.91 10 54887 13.2 Wtha cdair saned tnour 8e5 5488 S04-N 1 366 6 3951 943.5 20.3 100 1265.4 7|WlVi«A cdmf wwet lnedoLr| 7-5 1.26504-Na 341.6 S. 31 1549.6 411.2 100 2370721 70 WIth. daj seated ldrl? 65-7 23707 C _ 1.6 0.5 658.8 103 44.11 817.9 24.51 100 1338.2 4.8 lWaJCdCr a Me sated Iflur I 8.5 1338 HCO3-NI 2941 33.3 471 12 100 712 513 VWl lcdour s| t __ 7 0712 504-Na 151241 8.4 50 63. 16.8 1001 1013 3 Yi6G du wa fOOt 7 1 C3 I i I I i MEASURING INDEXES IN TERRAIN Thb.No.2 O begInng F The 0oft. 29.10.2002 Hole No. gap de or akng __020 Daf_3 8 mpl Rerws No. dee s of wa br o rock No. WWAU'le l Hhbr coln llgo sample _ T.D.8 bom On arhce lTd in rmd Hout Temp.Co i Ho NQo.1 pH Hotf Temp.Co PH noml mrd 2 1 k-1/4-0.50-0.00 1 05' lo 7 1140 ISO 6,5 551 0.54 0.31 k-1/2-1.40-1.50 1Zh., _ ~~~~~~~~~k-1/3-1.U)2.00 Hol No.2 2.1 1.3 k-2/1-2.00-2.10 2 1225 1a0 0,5 11 30 17,Gol 605 337 0684 008 3 Hole No.3 2.7 2.3 k-3/1-1.30-1.40 3 16 33' 15O 6,5 11 15' 17,4o ______N.@ Ho 22 .3k 6,5 60 2,W 0,36 01-.1-iZ 1 1 , 1 2' c 0,k-3/2-2.12.70 1 e No.4 3.4 k-4/1-2.40-3.00 03uk p ul - - , , 2-3.40. .Nukk4 S ol No.5 3.2 k-511-2.W03.00 6 oeNo.6 2.2 1.1 k-6/1-2. 1O-2.20 a T 2-i 170i ______Nuk pal uje 8. 12 05' 18o 7 88 0,176.0 Duhtit.t ketS hifkunc 7 HoleNo.7 2 1.2 k-7/1-l.W02.00 7 ig 1*5. aprrnw I 5W~ iDo 65 11 56' 18,2o 7 1184 0.48 a Hole No.8 2.8 k-9/1-1.25-1.30- 6,58a______~~~~~~k-9/2-2.00-2.10______i HdolNo.g 2.2 1.31k-0Io1-2.10-2.20 101 ______Nkpi j 15 57 19.50 6.5 12 20' 1780o -, 10 -19 1-051 023 ______Hole No.10 2.1 1.21k-1111-2.O0-2.10 Ill 16 051 11HlIiole No.1I1 19o 651 12__ __5_0_7__61 3 ik-1211-2.40-3.0 - 20 ,2 5,0 7 8866 ______ CONSTRUCTION PLANNIMETRY OF TPP Region TRIPORT-VLORE Q.N~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~' ~~~~~~ A~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~A FIi Th prpoe surphace for the |A- -.- - _2 costucion of TPP | iT(* ~~ \ io2[\ Ad#oKlNu*- * Opened holes for samuple taking , :i ,,^,@ Bj^s1+\ . §i' 1" --- -- -, ------GEOLOGICAL MAP OF REGION VLORA-NARTA Acording to geological surveying of the year 1978 (with authors corrections) Year 2003 LfloogiM.-- Reparm Tetoni estruction r o P Rs 2 i I i i i i I fi I GEOLOGICAL PROFIL REGION VLORA (NARTA) Scale Hf.V. 1:2500 AA C- cX C-S L P~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-~~~~~~~~~~~~=4N: | Sb' 1,FG_F n e . .~~~~~~~~~1 .,2 ! -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~rV Sand, A~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ScaAa -- U~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ . ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~rvl E3 _S C8. , Q LEEN i i i i GEOLOGICAL PROFIL B-B (Acording seismic profil 14/20000) 2003 ..-. - , - ~ .A- . F- .'4...... x- ...... _ S . "fi=:t__ st_,__ *,,, ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~'' ;_;ts '., ._ ,,''Le:', k- ' . ^s ._ . ', '1 t ' _ LrW l low = A;;Zt't W ' f "-'. - ,. . ., ,:. .i : ' ...... s4=S99P$ L-- f}|la--.~~~~~h'4iS. 1,'-t*-r~-¢v.....,,' t Ft 4 g4 .J,dt r .+--_> -- 4'- ;M, ab Si~~~~~lg 4 - i 29 II. CONCLUSIONS * The chosen place is located in maritime depositing of Kuatemar, which belongs to the Upper Halocen, grmis. is made up of maritime sands with thin * The permitted loading is based only on the uppers stratum samples (level) of the land till in the depth 3.4 m. * The values of the permissible loading are given according to the levels of samples taking from the surface of the land, where T min is kg/cm2 and X maximum is 1.4 kg/cm2. o.8 * Based on seismic stripe, the territory is included in a region with intensity of earthquake IX of the scale Richter. * The waters have the same static level with the sea waters and generally are salt waters, in some occasions waters without salt. THE AUTHORS Dr. Kristaq Muska Dr. Fotaq Lula Ing. Mailinda Sina i i i i 30 UTILIZATED LITERATURA 1. Lula F. Project "Geological Study of Kuarternaridepositing in Seman-Vlora Region", Fier 2001 Fejzullaj F. KOCI R SINA M. 2. Papa A. "Geological-geophysical GeneralisationofregionofDukat-Vlora-Aliban". Fier, 1976. Fiu I. Meco T. Koci N. etc. FINANCING INSTITUTION GEOLOGICA SURVEY OF ALBANIA GENERAL DIRECTORY Rruga e Kavajes, Nr. 153 Tirane - ALBANIA Tel: 00 355 4 222 578 00 355 4 229 441 Fax: 00 355 4 225 580 EXECUTIVE INSTITUTION CENTEROF CIVIL GEOLOGY Rruga: "Sanii Frasheri"Nr. 31 Tel; 00 355 4 222 259 Fax: 00 355 4 226 530 REPORT ON GEOTECHNICAL VALUATION OF THE CONSTRUCTION SITE OF T.E.C NEAR NEW PORT IN VLORA (GENERAL PROJECT -IDEA) Approved Authors Director Eng. Luljeta GJOVREKU Eng. XnDROJ Eng. Jani KERO Tirana,April2003 i i i i i i i I i ii i I I REPORT ON GEOTECHNICAL VALUATION OF THE CONSTRUCTION SITE FOR THE T.E.C. NEAR NEW PORT OF VLORA (GENERAL PROJECT - IDEA) INTRODUCTION This study is executed in the base of the official document No. 633 prot. dt. 10.3.2003 of the Ministry of Industry and Energitics, based on the request of the American Company "Harza" for this study. The request of this company is accompanied by the planimetry in scale 1 :1000 of the construction site of the object and the geotechnical drilling position. So, as requested in 25.03. - 15.04.2003 are executed four geotechnical drilling in a depth of 10 m, so in total we have 4 x 20 = 80 ml of drilling. The coordinates of those drillings are: Drilling No.1 X = 44 85 129 Drilling No.2 X = 44 85 117 Y = 43 67 350 Y=43 67 391 Z=+0,44m Z=+0,51 m Drilling No.3 X = 44 85 100 Drilling No.4 X =44 85 160 Y = 43 67 411 Y =43 67 440 Z+0, 62m Z+ 1.07m The drilling are performed by the Autosonde ZIF - 150. Tube diameter of drilling was 127 mm (supporting tubes) and 110 mm. Lithological section is represented by the deposits without cohesion (sands), so during the drilling were used always the tubes and the drilling is performed by a special type of carotte (called zhalonka). During fields works, in the documentation of samples, issued by drilling are determined: - Lithological type of the soils; - The colour; - The dimensions of grains; - The natutal moisture (little, average, great) - The content of peat poweder or pieces of see - weeds; - The cohesion (soils with cohesion and without cohesion) - The compression (little, average, great). Also for the studying of the compression state of sands in natural situation are performed 40 analyses with the standart penetrometer S.P.T. each 2 cm of lithological column. The principle of this method is the measure of blows number of he standart Model, that is inserted 30 cm deeply, blowed by a load 63.5 kg, rising the height 76.2 cm. Based on the blow's number is evaluated the compression of soils. During the drilling are taken some samples with a undestroyed structure for the deternination of the natural moisture and bulk density (20 samples for the analyses of the natural moisture and 20 samples for he analyses of bulk density). 2 Taking into account that those deposits are soils without cohesion (sands) the determination of natural moisture and the bulk density was made in terrain by a field laboratoty conditions. Also, for the evoluation of the compression degree of the sands which compose the lithological section were performed 2 samples for the relativ density of the sands (Dr). This parameter is expressed as follows: Dr= ema -e emax -e min where emax - sands porosity index in a vary soft state emin - sands porosity index in a very compressed state e - sands porosity index in natural state.. emax - was determined by the sand bulk density in wet state, crumbleing it and throwing the sand in free way emin - was determined by the compression of the sand in a cilinder till the maximal compression. e - was determined directly from the samples for the bulk density. In base of this index, the relative density, sansds are devided in base of the different states of compression. Relative density (Dr) Sands state O - 15 Very soft 15 - 35 Soft 35 - 65 Average compression 65 - 85 Compressed > 85__ Very compressed The evaluation of the compression with the S.P.T. is as follows: Sands state Number of blows in Relative density (Dr) 0.30 m of depth Very soft < 4 15 Soft 4 - 10 15 - 35 Average compression 10 - 30 35 - 65 compressed 30 - 50 65 - 85 Very compressed > 50 > 85 Field works for the S.P.T. were made from the drilling group leaded from Ing. Jani Kero. 3 i I i i Also, the field analyses for: - Natural moisture - Wn- 20 prova. - Bulk density 20 prova. - Relative density of sands 2 prova. Were realized from the study group leaded from Ing. Jani Kero. For the determination of granulometric content, Attenberg limits and specific weight were taken 20 samples with undisturbed structure. Their analyses are made in Lab of the Physic - mechanics features of the soils in the Geological Survey of Albania from Ing. Luiza Konomi. Also, during the firlds works, were made the measurements of ground waters met and stabilized in 24 hours. Drilling predetermined in the planimetry at the scale 1:1000 form the American Company "Harza" were put in to the terrain by Top. Murat Rreshka. Graphic material (two geotechnical sections, four drilling column and the table of physical analyses) are made in the Geo Information and Publications Section, near Geological Survey of Albania. Tecnic consulation for that report is made from Ing. Luiza KONOMI, chief of the Lab. for physical - mechanical properties of the soils near Geological Survey of Albania. 4 i i POSITION, RELIEFAND GEOMORPHOLOGY The construction site of TEC is situated near the new Port of Vlora with a surface about 3.4 ha and it is almost flat with maximum quota 1.07 and the minimum one 0.40, so it has a difference about 0.60 m. To have an idea about the construcion site, let's say something about the relief anf geomorphological settings of the zone. The construction site is situated in the south part of the Adriatic depression. Along this depression, from the south to north lied several range of hills not so high that serve as watershed. This range of hills to the east is bounded with the valley of Shushica River, to the west with Narta Swamp, to the north with the valley of Vjosa River and to the south with Adriatic Sea. Vlora region itself, from the geomorphological point of view can be devided in two units: a- Hilly geomorphologicalunit; b- Field geomorphologicalunit. a - Hills geomorphologicalunit: It represent the hilly part of Vlora Region that begin from the south part of Vlora in "Uji i Ftohte" (Cold Water Supply) and it continues to the north west. From the "Uji i Ftohte" zone with a flat relief is passed in a processed hilly slope with a quota about 200 m above the sea level. Further on the relief increase immediately in a quota about 500m. This geomorphological unit is processed from the exogene processes like sea erosion and abrasion which have modified the relief, what is expressed in its morphostructure. As a conseguence of the sudden elevation of this site the denudation and erosion processes got a big developement. An important factor which has modified the western front of the hilly geomorphological unit has been the sea - lagoon abrasion. b - Field geomorphologicalunit: In this geomprphological unit is include our construction site. Getting start from tectonic evolution it comes out that this geomorphological unit (Vlora depression) is of e new age, formed immediately after general corrugation in the end of Pliocene and the beginning of Quatemary continuining its development nowadays. The character of those encounter deposits makes us to think that from the beginning this depression has been a lagoon with an irregular floor with pits and elevations succeeded from denudation process which has perhaps continued during Middle Quatemary. In the lagoon were deposited clays layers with thin granulated content smaller than 2 micron over 20 %. This factor shows good depositing conditions. Today, those deposits are met in depths more than 25 - 30m from the terrain, which shows that the lagoo became deeper gradually and periodically the sea overflowed on it and it enriched the lagoon with sandy fraction giving layers with sandy and susands content with about 20-30 m of depth. Neotectonical lowering movememts had made that the sea has occupied the lagoon and is streched out to the hills side. 5 l I That was associated with the deposition of the thick granulated content, which is expressed in silty sands, in beige to grey colour; silty thin sands in loe to average dusty thin sands, with grey - blue colour which are met in a depth of 20 m - 25 m. After this period, it begins the raising neotectonical movements. So the sea removed to the west direction creating tongues or barrieres which devide the sea from continent living a track like "Narta Swamp" till Skela. Due to the elevation of the continent a part of the swamp was dried (what is shown with the existence near the surface of clayely deposits in blue colour), and in several places were saved some detached poodles expressed with the presence of muddy deposits. 6 i Ii I i i i GEOLOGICAL SETTINGS In the studied rgion are met the deposits from Quaternary (Q) until Upper Cretaceous - Lower - Middle Eocene (Cr2 - Pg2- 2 ). Below we are giving a short geological description, beginning from the oldest deposits: - Upper Cretaceous deposits Cr2 : Those deposits are met in Karaburuni penninsula, also they are met in the content of the structures of (ika and Dukati. The Upper Cretaceous is represented by the microcristalin limestones, dolomitic limestones and less clayed limestones. Their thickness is 0.4 - 1.5 m. on the surface the microcristaline limestones and the clayed limestones have a distinguished developed karst. In some cases they are porous. - Paleogene deposits Pg: Paleogene deposits are represented by the Lower - Middle Eocene and in their content are met pelitic, cristalline, organogene and clayed limestones. Between the limestones are met rare layers of merls, thickness is 150 - 400 m. 3 - Upper Eocene Deposits (transitionalpack)Pg 2 k: These deposits are situated above the Lower - Middle Eocene deposits, forrning a gradual transition from the limestones in terrigenous formations. The lower part of the pack in constucted by the marls alternated with layers of phosphorous limestones white colour with rose nuances. In the upper part the marls are predominated, also and marlous clays blu colour with red nuances with rare alternations of organogene limestones. The carbonatic clays are massive, grey colour, thickness 7 - 35 m. - Upper Eocene Deposits Pg23: Those deposits are met above the transitional pack (pg23k ) and in their content we have distinguished alternations of grey clays with grey siltstones. Between them are met rare layers of grey sandstones, finegrained, compact and carbonatic. Thickness 230 - 250 m. - Lower Oligocene Deposits (Pg3) : Flysch deposits and are represented by alternations of sandstones, siltstones and clays. Flysch deposits are rich with carbonatic matter and somewhere is distinguished the transition at the limestones. (2 - 3 cm). Thickness of layers is 20 - 30 m. 2 - Middle Oligocene deposits (Pg3 ): Lithologically are represented by massive sandstones and alternations of sandstones and clays. They are found normally above the flyschoidal deposits of lower Oligocene. 3 - Lower Oligocene Deposits (Pg3) : Lithologically are represented by the alternation of clays, siltstones and are found nornally above the oldest deposits. Initially upper most part are emplaced by siltstones and claystones (argillites). Their thickness is 250 - 350 m. - Neogene Deposits (Nd): There are distinguished Miocene deposits (N,) and Pliocene deposits (N2P). Lower Miocene - Aquitanian stage (N2 la) 7 I i i i i Burdigalian stage (NI lb) Middle Miocene - Helvetian stage (NI 2h) Tortonian Stage (N1 2t) 3 Upper Miocene N1 - un divided - Aquitanian Deposits: Lithologically are represented by the alternations of siltstones. clays with sandstones layers. In some cases the clays are predominants. Their thickness is 250 -350 m.. - Burdigalian Deposits: Are represented mainly by marls, but there are met in the organogene limestones. Thickness 500 m. - Helvetian Deposits N/h: Lithologically are represented by massive limestones, with rare and thin layers of clays and siltstones. In the sites where is distinguished the discordance phenomena are met conglomerates. - Tortonian DepositsN 2t : These deposits are represented by compact sandstones layers, alternated with clay and siltstones layers. The grain of sandstones are well rounded. In some cases they have a transition in microconglomerates and in concretional sandstones. Th thickness of sandstones layers is untol 20 m. the thickness of siltstones and clays is less. The thickness of Tortonian deposits is 200 - 400 m. 3 - Upper Miocene Deposits (N 1 ): These deposits are represented by alternations of clays and sandstones. In the upper mos part are met some lens of gypsum. In these deposits are met two gypsium belt that are issued in the basement of friable deposits. So these eposits create the basement of the friable deposits in the Vlora depression. With the rise of the deep is arised the content of the silt and clay fraction. Thickness is 90 m. - Pliocene deposits N2Ai: These deposits are represented by Helmesi Serie. We have found them in the Kuzbaba hill. Helmesi Serie is dominated by the alternation of clays with rare layers of sandstones. The basement's deposits are folded mainly at the beginning of Quaternary, reflecting anticlinal and synclinal folds, where transgrassively are deposed the freable deposits of Quaternary. - The friable deposits of Quaternaryof Vlora depression The Quaternary deposits have a large distribution and based on their origin we have dividd them in marshy deposits and massive deposits. Marshy deposits These deposits are represented by suclays and muds. Their colour is grey with blu nuances and every where are covered with marine sands that are situated like a plate. The clays are plastic. Their thickness variate from some cm until 2.4 m. 8 Marine deposits Those deposits have a large distribution in the Vlora region. They are found from the new beach in a shape of a thin belt and in the sector of Port (Skela) they enlarge the zone of their distribution towards Zvemeci village. Thickness 90 cm (New Port). The general lithological section of marine - lagoonal deposita is represented from the top to below by sands, susands, suclays and clays. Sands The sands are of eolitic and marine origins. The eolitic sands are of grey colour with yellow nuances. They content pieces of shells. At the floor, generally they are cinfined by the level of the underground waters. The sands are fine grained because over 70 % of grains have the diameter 0.1 - 0.25 mm. Marine sands They are og grey colour. Their maximal thickness is found in Vlora sector - 17.0 m. depending from the content of seaweeds they are divided in two horizons: - The upper horizon - there are formed clean sands without clay elements. - The lower horizon - represented by silty sands with seaweeds content until 15 %. Generally the sands content the dissolvable in water salts 0.23 - 0.92 %. The main predominant fraction in sands is the one with diameter 0.2 - 0.05 mm. This fractionconstitutes about 60 % of all the mass. In first intervales the sands are fine grained because they contain 75 % grains of the diameter 0.25 - 0.01 mm and below the sands are silty and contains grans with diameter 0.1 - 0.05 mm at 75 %. Susands They are found under the sity sands with seaweeds with a gradual transition. They are of grey colour with thickness 3 - 12 m. Generally they contain seaweeds. From the granulometric point of view the susands of Vlora are presented: fraction 1 - 0.5 mm 10% 0.5 - 0.2 40 - 50% 0.2 - 0.1 20 - 25 % 0.1 - 0.05 10 - 15 % 0.05 - 0.005 10 - 35 % 0.005 - 0.002 7- 10 % <0.002 3- 10% In all cases the sandy fraction is predominant towards the silty one and so, after the technical conditions is simply called susand. Suclays Those are met under the susands eith a gradual transition . they are of grey colour in some cases of green colour. They are found always at the depth of 20 - 25 m from the earth surface and rarely at the depth 10 m. The sandy fraction is dominated at the favour of the silty and clyay ones. From the granulometric point of view the fraction under 2 micron 9 < 0.002 mm) from the contact with the susands, towards the depth is increased from 10 - 30 %, the silty fraction is varieted from 55 - 60 % and the sandy ones 10 - 35.5 %. From the fractional point of view they are called silty they are called silty suclayes. 9 ------Clays Generally they occupies the lower part of the Quatemary Section. They are of green - blue colour with a variable thickness from 3.0 m until 13.0 m. Everywhere the Quatemary clays are situated transgressively over the mollasic formations of Upper Mioccene or of Pliocene. They are classified as silty clays, where the clay fraction varied from 30 - 60 % and as heavy silty clays over 60 %. The silty fraction is dominant every where towards the sandy one. The clay minerals are mainly ilit and montmorillonic with a carbonatic content. Based on the geotechnical data performed aiming the seismic microzonation of Vlora Town, results a geological - lithological section as below: 0.0 - 8.0 m fine grained sands - until medium grained, brown colour, friable at the upper most part and under the level of the underground waters they are made more compressed. 8.0 - 20.0 m fine grained, silty sands, grey colour, with decomposed organic matter content. 20.0 - 28.0 m susands in grey colour 28.0 - 58.0 m silty light clays with small sandy belts 58.0 - 68.0 m silty suclays 68.0 - 90.0 m silty clays 10 -...... I --- GEOLOGICAL MAP OF VLORA REGION SCALE 1:100 000 Nit Punoi ne kompjuter: Departamenti i GjeoinfoKnnacionit dhe Pubhllmeve Sipas Hartes Gjeologike te Shqiperise, viti 2002 I Ii i I GEOLOGICAL PROFIL 30 15 -30 -45 -60 7 V- -90~ ~~~~V- -105. -'1'.-- Elili Sandy soils Silty clay, clay soils :EI..-:.-.:I: Silty sands Flysh | /4Silty // sand with low plasticity |- Gipsum Designed by: Department of Geoinformation and Pablication I i i i I i i I i II TECTONIC The region where is situated the construction site according to the tectonic scheme of Albania, is compressed in a wide synclinal coastal area that takes up the part of Adriatic Sea beginning from the estuary of Mati River to Vlora Bay in the south. We will concentrate in the tectonics of the area around Vlora Bay. This area is characterized by a big development of anticlinal and synclinal crumples which are builded from Tercier deposits. Vlora depression has been subdued to different tectonic and neotectonic movements of Plio - Quaternary which has given the nowadays configuration. In certain places of this low part as a result of tectonic movements are noticed the anticlinal structures of Narta and Zverneci, which layed down paralelly with each other from southeast to northwest. In the north part of Vlora Bay, along the southwestern side of Cike - Kunar anticlinal, passes a tectonic destruction of overmount type with an extension of 10 - 15 km. His axial level has a falling in north - east direction under a 500 - 600 angle and az (290 - 3000) - (100 - 120°). In the eastern part of this destruction of overmount type, comes out the chalcareous of 2 Upper Kreta (Cr ), while in western part those of Ologocene (Pg3) and Miocene ( N1 deposits. The whole Vlora Bay, in general, present a low tectonically area, that is proved with the formation of deep depressions in the Adriatic Sea and the absence of the terraces in the coastal lowland near the rivers and estuaries. 13 i i i i HYDROGEOLOGICAL CONDITIONS Depending on lithological types and hydrogeological settings, in the study area are distinguished these water catchments complexes: a- Water catchment area of carbonatic deposits; b- Water catchment area of flischy deposits; c- Water catchment area of mollasic depozits; d- Water catchment are of quatemary deposits; a - The water catchment area of carbonatic deposits in our study area is not water container because there is not any water sypply. b + c - The water catchment area of flischy and mollasic deposits is poor. In those deposits are met streams with small bringings in the contact betwee sandy and conglomeratic package and the general package of clays. The flow of those streams varied from 0.01 to 0.2 1/sec and with mineralization from 0.2 to 0.8 m/l. d -The water catchment are of quaternary deposits is divided in: 1- Complex of eluvial - deluvial deposits; 2- Complex of aluvial - proluvial deposits; 3- Complex of Lagoon - Sea deposits. d.1 - In eluvial - deluvial deposits the ground waters level is in the depth of 3Om. The basis of those waters are the flyich - mollasic radical rocks. d.2 - The ground waters of this complex cames on to the surface as natural water supply and country wells, near the river beds', in terrain gradation, in the places where is developed the erosion of vegetables soils and in the deluvialo - proluvial deposits. Deposits of the supplies met in this complex varied from 0.03 1/sec to 0.4 1/sec. d.3 - The Loagoon - Sea deposits are more spread in Vlora region and those are the deposits which form our study area. According to the sistematic measurements performed in some wells, the depth of ground water level depends on the year's seasons. It is lower in June - August period and higher from December - March. The oscillation of the water level is 0.7 m. The static levels of this complex varied from 0.85 m to 12.5 m, and those that predominate varied from 2 m to 8 m. The under ground waters of that complex keep a certain presure, which is conditioned by the presence of impermeable cover that is represented from blue lagoon clays set like a plate over the coastal sands. The filstration coeficient of sands varied from 1.0 m to 5.0 m/day. Our study area during the winter period has been in several places flooded, so that the level of ground waters was 0.20 - 0.30 m over the natural terrain quota. During the period of drilling works this level was catched in 0.6 m - 0.4 m of depth, also we can say that the level is under the influence of sea water level (it depends from the sea hight tide and lowtide) 14 i i t i According to the data taken from the other studies for the region it cames out that the ground water level in the zone varied from 0.0 m to 1.50 m, accordig the morphology. The oscillation of the water level during summer - winter period is 0.70m. The results of chemical analyses are as follows: Mg+ + 3080 mg/l. S0 4 - 2300 mg/l. CO 2 55 mg/l. Cl 2293 mg/l. pH 8.3 dry remains 18 .2 mg/l. As you can see from the analyses, the water is little agressive for Mg and S0 4 , so we reccomend to use the concrete over 200, also the basement of the objects should be in a 2.050 m of depth because of the ground water leves oscillation. 15 ...-- - -- SEISMIC CONDITIONS Seismic conditions of Albanian Republic are presented in Seismic Map of Albania with the Decree of Counsil of Ministers of Albania No. 371 dt. 20.12.1979. According to this Map, Vlora region is included to the seismic zone with strong earthquakes, where the intensity grows from VIII degree with a degree for bed conditions of soils. So, the intensity of Vlora area for concrete conditions is IX degree according to Mercally - Cancani Scale. SEISMIC MAP OF VLORA REGION SCALE 1:500000 * LUSHNJE - SE-A E E KU1OVA - -1-4~~~~~~~~~~~~3 ~~~~~~~BERATI I- FIERI * - VLORI- -;. - - -.- - --.-- MEMALEA3 <> 0 - 0 ~~~~~TEPELENE --; DHERMI Area with seismic intensity VIII degree Area of strong earthquakes where the intensity grows with a degree for bed soil conditions 16 i I i GEOLOGICAL - ENGINEERING SETTINGS OF THE CONSTRUCTION SITE OF T.E. C. OF VLORA - In the geological - lithological setting of the place where will be constructed T.E.C. of Vlora is composed by the deposits of lagoonal - marine origin of Quaternary (Q4dl+lg). with the general thickness 75 - 90 m represented starrting from the depth until the surface from suclays, susands and sands. The clays occupies the deepest part of the Quatemary section. Their granulometry is constituted by the fraction under 2 micron 25 - 35 %, 50 % silty fraction, so totally about 75 - 80 % fraction under 0.075 mm. Based on the mineralogical analyses we can sey that the main minerals of clays are ilit and montmorillonit with carbonatic content, thin last content reflects at the weak plastic abilities. Above the clays about at the depth 30 - 40 m are situated suclays with a rare content of carbonatic matter, of blue colour, little until medium compressed. Based on the granulometry, from the floor until the ceiling, they pass from the heavy suclayes towards the light ones, because the content of the fraction under 2 micron is diminiushed from 35 % to 10 %. The contrary is happened with the sandy fraction, which is unvariable. After the diagram of the plasticity (the limits of Attenberg, Index of the plasticity), these deposits are included in silty suclays with mixed origin, with medium compression and plasticity. Above suclays deposits at the depth 20 - 30 m are situated the susands that from the bottom to the top have the increasing of the sandy fraction 5 - 10 %. Based on the granulometry and the plasticity (limits of Attenberg, index of plasticity), these soils are included in silty susands with marine origin, meanwhile the horions that contain seaweeds are of lagoonal - marine origin. The sands are situated above the susands at the depth about 20 m until the surface. The sandy fraction is increased from 70 % - 95 % so the silty and the clay fraction (> 0.075 mm) in the first meters (3 - 4 m) from te surface have to be dissapeared (from 0 -4 %). On the basal physical - mechanical characteristics of the silts, which compose the construction site - One of the physical parameter studied in specific weight ys which is depended from mineral content and serves as an index for the evoluation of the porosity and of the coeficient of porosity. In the soils this one is increased with the increase of the clayey fraction. In the layers that we have studied in the lithological section this parameter variated from 2.65 - 2.68 gr/cm3. The determnination of the specific weight after A. A. S. H. T. 0 using the picnometer 100 c.c. is performed in the geotechnical laboratory of the Geological Survey of Albania, by Eng. L. Konomi. - The granulometry is studied with the standart method A. A. S. H. T. 0. - The determnination of the soil fraction over the sieve No. 200 or greater that 0.074 mm after A.A.S.H.T.O.: The quantity of the sandy fraction, their diameter is expressed with the number of sieves No. 80 (0.118 mm), No. 200 (0.074 mm). The determination of the silty fraction (0.074 - 0.002 mm) and of the clayey fraction (< 0.002 mm) based on the low of stocks, on the velocity of the falling of the grains in suspension, at 17 i i i the determnined temperature and time intervals. The soils that are studied from us didn't contain clays (max. 22 - 25 % > 0.0075 mm), so it is not possible to divide the clayey fraction from the silty one. These soils after U.S.C. are clasified in the groups: Layer No. 1 - Fine - medium grained sands with a little percentage of the great granued sands, grey colour, which after the clasification A.A.S.H.T.O. are included in soils with the symbol A - 3 meanwhile after the clasification U.S.C. these soils are called poorly graded sand - SP and from the end ofthe interval about the depth 5 - 8 m in Poorly graded sand with silty (Sp - SM) where Cu has the value 1.6 - 1.8. Layer No. 2 - Fine grained sands, a little silty grey colour, with azure nuances, which after the clasification A.A.S.H.T.O. are included in soils with symbol A - 2 - 4, afetr the clasification U.S.C. these soils are included in the group of silty sands SM, where Cu has the value 2.1 - 2.8. These analyese are realized, elaborated and classified by Eng. Luiza Konomi in the geotechinical Laboratory of the Geological Survey of Albania.. 1- If we will see the curves of the granulometric content of these deposits, is observed that the coeficient of the assimetry of grains varied from 1.2 - 3.4. These values testified for a homogene granulometric content. C d60 dio d6O - the diameter of grains at 60 %. dIo- the diameter of grains at 10 %. As the lithological section in the studied place is represented by soils without cohesion (sands), there are taken samples with sample - taker, in natural situation and are determined the natural moisture and the bulk density (20 analyses) in the conditions of the firld laboratory. - The determination of the natural moisture Wn is performed after A.A.S.H.T.O.. There are taken a small quantity of soils, this one is weight, after we dried it in a thermostat at the temperature 105 - 110°C. After this act we weight it again. The difference in weight expressed in %, is the moisture of the soil. The natural moisture of the studied soils varied from 25 - 27 % (for medium grained silty sands, grey colour, with azure nuances). - The bulk density yu is determined after A.A.S.H.T.O. with a sample - taker. In field are taken some samples. The bulk density is depended from the mineral content, porosity, moisture and the compression. Studying all these factors we observe that the bulk density of soils, under the level of the under ground waters (0.4 - 0.8) ivaried from 1.95 g/cm3 (the sandsin grey colour) to 1.90 gr/cm3 (sands, grey colour and azure nuances). - In laboratory conditions are performed 2 analyses for the determination of the relative density of the sands that construct the lithological section. 18 .1---- Number of Drill Depth Max. Compression Min. Compression samples of samples Dry unit weight 1 Average dry Dry unit weight Average drn unit weight I unit weight Drilling 1 5.0 - 6.0 m 1.67 1.35 Kl Drilling 2 6.0 - 7.0 m 1.67 1.67 1.36 1.36 Drilling 4 6.0 - 7.0 m 1.66 1.36 Drillina1 13.5 - 14.0 1.60 1.37 K2 Drilling 3 15.5 - 16.0 1.61 1.60 1.37 1.37 Drilling 4 14.0- 14.5 1.58 1.36 Dr emax e 0 Ydm&x Ydmax Ydmin Dr - -100 dmax 100% emax emin Ydnat Ydmin where: )Yd max - Dry unit weight in compressed conditions Yd min - Dry unit weight in soft conditions 'Yd nat - Dry unit weight in natural conditions 1.67 1.55 - 1.36 Per K ------. ------.100 = 65.9 = 0.65 % (layerNo.1) 1.55 1.67- 1.36 1.60 1.50- 1.37 Per K2 ------. ------.100 = 59.9 = 0.59 % (layer No.2) 1.50 1.60- 1.37 As we can see, from the values of relative density Dr, the layer No. 1 (Sample 1) and the layer No. 2 (sample 2), are in average compression and average density that vary from 0.65 % in beige sands to 0.59 % in grey to blue sands. Standart Penetration Tests S.P.T In all boreholes were performed 40 standart penetration tests. All tests were executedv accoriding to A. S. T. M. D. - 1586. The tests are made by dropping a free falling hammer weighting 63.5 kg from the height 76.2 m and the numbering of blows (hittings) will be dobe after 45 cm of penetration. In the first 15 cm, we don't number the blows because it supposed that the first 15 cm is a disturbed layer in structure point of view during drilling works. We begin to number the blows in the second and the third 15 cm. The number of blows take into account in the terrain , must be correct as follows: 19 iI Er N60 = Ns.p.t x -xCsxCrxCd. 60 where: N 60 - number of corrected blows Ns.p.t - the number of blows in terrain Er ------the energy spent for the hammner falling. In the case of mecanic rise it is equal of 1. Cs - energy coefficient = 1.2 Cr - coeficient of test depth (the correction according the Table No. 1) Cd -coeficient of well diameter (the correction according the Table No. 2) Table No. 1 Depth (m) 3-4 4-6 6-10 >10 Cr 0.75 |0.85 0.95 1 Table No. 2 Diameter (mm) 65 - 115 115 - 150 150 - 200| Cd 1 1.05 1.15 | Table of Dr / S.P. T. (Relative density / number of blous) Dr%0 15 35 65 85 100 IVery poor Poor | Averaae | Thick Vey thick No. S.P.T 0 3 8 25 42 58 As we can see the values of S.P.T. (Table No. 3) and the comparison between relative density values (Dr) and them, gave the result that the sands which built the construction site of the TEC in Vlora, ate average thick. Also the layer with 4.5 - 6.5 m of depth, according the S.P.T. tests are average - to thick. 20 i Table No.3 No Borehole Test depth (m) S.P.T / number of blows The correct number of ____ blows 1 1.5- 1.8 14 12.6 2 2.5 -2.8 19 17.1 3 3.5 - 3.8 22 19.8 4 4.5 - 4.8 28 28.5 5 5.5 - 5.8 30 30.6 6 6.5-6.8 31 35.4 7 Nr. 1 7.5-7.8 23 I 26.2 8 8.5 - 8.8 22 25.0 9 9.5 - 9.8 25 28.5 10 10.5- 10.8 18 21.6 11 12.5 - 12.8 16 19.2 12 14.5 - 14.8 14 16.8 13 16.5 - 16.8 15 18 14 18.5 -18.8 19 22.8 29 9.0 - 9.2 21 23.9 30 11.0 - 11.2 23 27.6 31 Nr. 2 13.0 - 13.3 17 20.4 32 15.0 - 15.3 17 20.4 33 17.0- 17.3 18 21.6 34 19.0 - 19.3 16 19.2 15 1.0 -1.3 11 9.9 16 2.0 - 2.3 20 18.0 17 3.0 -3.3 21 18.9 18 4.0 - 4.3 30 27.0 19 5.0 -5.3 31 31.6 20 6.0 - 6.3 28 31.9 21 Nr. 3 7.0 - 7.3 25 28.5 22 8.0 - 8.3 22 25.1 23 9.0 - 9.3 28 31.9 24 10.0- 10.3 22 26.4 25 12.0- 12.3 17 20.4 26 14.0- 14.3 14 16.8 27 16.0 - 16.3 17 20.4 28 18.0 - 18.3 20 24.0 35 8.0 - 8.3 22 25.1 36 11.0- 10.3 18 21.6 37 Nr. 4 12.0- 12.3 19 22.6 38 13.0- 14.3 16 19.2 39 16.0- 16.3 17 20.4 40 18.0 - 18.3 16 19.2 21 I i i i i i i i i TABLE OF PHYSICAL ANALYSES Natural moisture content Wn Bulk density Yn Dry unit weight Yd _ Depth E ;z;_ < .& Soils description ~~~Depth .D . , ^oL I_ 1 2.0 - 2.20 121.50 95.83 26.8 62.31 1.95 1.538 Sands, average to thin, beige - grey 2 1 3.10 - 3.30 121.13 94.71 27.9 27.9 1.944 1.520 Sands, average to thin, beige - grey 3 1 5.40 - 5.60 237.90 187.93 26.58 120.7 I .971 1.557 Sands, average to thin, beige - grey 4 1 7.0 - 7.50 236.57 188.17 25.72 25.72 1.960 1.559 Sands, average to thin, beige - grey 5 I 960 - 980 169.58 131.52 28.93 87.1 1.941 1.510 Sands, average to thin, beige - grey 6 1 10.50- 10.70 121.07 93.96 29.50 62.31 1.943 1.508 Sands, average to thin, beige - grey 7 1 13.60 - 13.80 234.16 182.62 28.23 120.7 1.940 1.513 Sands, average to thin, beige - grey 8 1 1800 - 1830 228.12 172.22 32.4 120.7 1.89 1.46 Sands, average to thin, beige - grey 9 1 1900 - 1930 230.54 178.15 29.40 120.7 1.91 1.476 Thin sands, little dasty, grey - blue 10 2 6.50 - 6.80 121.75 95.77 27.12 62.31 1.954 1.537 Thin sands, little dasty, grey - blue I1 2 7.30 - 7.60 235.73 185.16 27.31 120.7 1.953 1.543 Thiin sands, little dasty, grey- blue 12 2 920 - 940 234.04 180.81 29.43 120.7 1.939 1.498 Thin sands, little dasty, grey - blue 13 2 11.50 - 12.00 168.97 131.08 28.91 87.1 1.940 1.505 Thin sands, little dasty, grey - blue 14 3 7.0 - 7.50 170.11 134.39 26.57 87.1 I 1.953 1.543 Thin sands, little dasty, grey - blue 15 3 10 - 1040 169.15 131.17 28.95 87.1 1.942 1.506 Thin sands, little dasty, grey - blue 16 3 1320 - 1340 168080 131.52 28.34 87.1 1.938 1.510 Thin sands, little dasty, grey - blue 17 3 15.90 - 1620 230.54 176.22 30.8 120.7 1.910 1.460 Thin sands, little dasty, grey - blue 18 3 1910 - 1940 230.30 178.39 29.1 120.7 1.908 1.478 Thin sands, little dasty, grey - blue 19 4 670 - 700 169.84 132.91 27.78 87.1 1.950 1.526 Thin sands, little dasty, grey - blue 20 4 850 - 870 170.19 134.39 26.63 87.1 1.954 1.543 Thin sands, little dasty, grey - blue 22 Based on the field works and in the documentation of drilling column, in all the lab data for the field analyses and the data taken from different studies made for the study place and the literature (mainly for the mechanic properties, angle of inner friction (p, cohesion C. the compression modul E1.3 and pilot - earth friction f) as follows we are giving a detailed decription for each geological - lithological layer found, starting from the surface towards the depth. Layer No. 1 Medium until fine grained sands, grey colour medium compressed with moisture. There are met some rare and thin peaces of sea shells.This layer is not in all the place of the contruction from the surface until the deep 7.8 m (S - 4) - 8.4 m (S - 3). After the classification A. A. S. H. T. 0 they are included in soils with the symbol A - 3. the friction with diameter less then 0.075 mm is varied 3 - 7 %. After the classification U. S. C. These soils are called poorly graded sand - SP and from bottom of layer 5 - 8 in poorly graded sand with silt (SP - SM) and the coeficient of the disuniformity Cu varied 1.6 - 1.8. These ones are massive origin. Particle soil distribution: Sandy fraction (0.075 - 2 m/mi) 96.2% . 92.8% mes. 93.1%. Clay and silt friction (< 0.075 m/mi) 3.8% - 7.2% mes. 6.9%. - natural moiture content W,, 6.0 % .27.0 % - bulk density Yn 1.95 gr/cm3. - dry unit weight in natural situation rYd 1 .54 gr/cm' - dry unit weight in friable situation Yd min 1 .36 gr/cm3 - dry unit weight in compressional situation 'Yd max 1 .67 gr/cm3 - specific weight Ts 2.65- 2.66 gr/cm3 - porosity coeficient E 0.72 - compression 2 modul El -3 160 kg/cm - angle of inner friction 260 - cohesion C 0.0 - pilote - earth friction f 3.0 kg/cm2 - allowed load c 1.8 kg/cm2 - relative density Dr 0.65 % Layer No. 2 Fine sands, a bit silty, grey colour with blue nuances with moisture, medium compressed. There are met some rare and fine pieces of sea weeds and some rare thin sea shells. After the classification A. A. S. H. T. 0. are included in soils with the symbol A - 2 - 4, where the fraction with diameter less then 0.075 mm is varied from 14 - 24 %. After the classification U.S.C. these soils are included in the group silty sand, where the coeficient of the disuniformity Cu = 2.1 - 2.8. These soils are of masive origin and are met immediately after the layer No. 1 in the deep 7.5 - 8.2 m. They have a considerable thickness overpassing the deep 20 m. Perberja granulometrike. 25 i i i I i - Sandy fraction (0.075 - 2 mr/m) 85.6 % - 75.7 % mes. 81.4 % - Clay and silt friction (< 0.075 mrm/) 4.4% . 24.3 % mes. 18.6 % - natural moiture content Wn 28.3 %. .30.0 % - bulk density Yn 1.92 gr/cm3. 3 - dry unit weight in natural situation Yd 1 .49 - 1.50 gr/cm' - dry unit weight in friable situation Yd min 1 .37 gr/cm' - dry unit weight in compressional situation Yd max 1 .60 gr/cm' - specific weight 2 .67 gr/cm3 - porosity coeficient £ 0.79 - compression modul El-3 140 kg/cm2 - angle of inner friction (p 20 - 22° - cohesion C 0.0 - pilote - earth friction f 3 kg/cm2 - allowed load G 1.5 kg/cm2 - relative density Dr 0.65 % 26 I I i i CONCLUSIONS - The construction site of T.E.C. of Vlora is situated in the Adriatic Depression. - In the geological settings of this site, takes part the Quaternary Q4dt+g deposits with lagoonal - marine deposits with a thickness until 90 m. Those deposits from the lower to the upper part are represented from clays in grey to azure colour, suclays, susands, silty fine sands and middle to fine sands with low percentage of thick fraction. Quaternary deposts placed over the Miocene deposits and concretely over the Pliocene deposits are represented by flyisch and gipses. - Under ground water level varied from the depth 0.0 to 1.5 m based on the site configuration. This level reach the depth 0.70 in the summer - winter season. Those water, in contact with common lead and concrete, became agressive, so we reccomend that the thickness of the basement placement of the objects should be under the 2.50 m of depth. So that they are away influence of the under ground water level changes. - In the geotechnical section of our site, until the depth of 20.0 rn are distinguished two geotechnical layers with different physical - mechanical parameter which are classified as follows: Layer No. 1 - Fine - medium grained sands with a little percentage of the great granued sands, grey colour, which after the clasification A.A.S.H.T.O. are included in soils with the symbol A - 3. After the clasification U.S.C. these soils are called Poorly Graded Sand - SP and from the end of the interval about the depth 5 - 8 m in Poorly graded sand with silty (Sp - SM). The values of Relative Density are 0.65 % and the values of S.P.T. shows that this is a medium compressed layer. Layer No. 2 - Fine grained sands, a little silty grey colour, with azure nuances, which after the clasification A.A.S.H.T.O. are included in soils with symbol A - 2 - 4, afetr the clasification U.S.C. these soils are included in the group of silty sands SM. The values of relative Density are 0.59 % and the values of S.P.T. shows that this is a medium compressed layer. According to the Seismic Map of Albania scale 1:500 000 with the Decree of Counsil of Ministers of Albania No. 371 dt. 20.12.1979, Vlora region is included to the seismic zone with the intensity of IX degree according to Mercally - Cancani Scale. 27 I - -.-, ----- PROJECT: T.E.C OF VLORA X = 44 85160 DRILLING No.4 Y 43 67440 DATE: APRIL - 2003 Z = + 1.07 m LITHOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION AND THIE PYSICAL PROPERTIES GRAIN SIZE _ DENSITY NATYRAL 3 MOISTURE S. P. T ANALYSIS > gr/cm CLASSIFICATION Z% CONTENT 0 - % W . mLvISAND a0 :D >0.075 U DRY WET .f u Xd xu F- > V)m n 10 20 30 20 40 60 80 t 1.6 1.8 20 Medium _ . .. , , , . 30 until fine grained sands, : _ l l , . ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~0.60 grey colour medium compressed I. 0.60 with moisture. There are met 1.0 some rare and thin peaces of sea 2.0 shells. This layer is not in all the .0 place of the contruction from the 30 . surface until the deep 7.8 m (S-4) 8.4m(S-3).After the classification 40 A.A.S.H.T.O they are included in . . soils with the simbol A - 3. the s0 friction with diameter less then 0.075 mm is varied 3-7 %. 60 After the classification U.S.C 60 Poorly graded Sand-SP and 27.8 Poorly graded with Silt SP-SM. 7.0 8.0 25.1 Fine sands, a bit silty, grey colour e/ UVizhoiue .luanct, ,vvtn rnmoisure, 6.6 medium compressed. There are /2106 met some rare and fine pieces of : 21.6 sea weeds and some rare thin sea 11.0 shells. After the classification A.A.S.H.T.O are included in soils 20 22.8 with the simbol A-2-4, where the 3.0 fraction with diameter less then 0.075 mm is varied from 14-24 %.14.0 19.2 After the classification U.S.C 15.0 these soils are included in the group Silty Sand -SM. These soil 16.0 20.4 are of masive origin and are met immediately after the layer No.1 170 ... in the deep 7.5 - 8.2 m. They have 8.0 a considerable thickness n 19.2 overpassing the deep 20 m. 19.0 200 .- -.. . _ _ _ Designed by: Departrnenl ofGcoinformation and Pablication PROJECT: T.E.C OF VLORA X = 44 85129 DRILLINGNo.1 Y 43 67350 DATE: MARCH - 2003 Z= +0.44m LITHOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION AND THE PYSICAL PROPERTIES GRAIN SIZE ¢ DENSITY NATYRAL MOISTURE o S. P. T ANALYSIS 3 > gr/cm CONTENT CLASSIFICATIO C O ZSAND > 0.075 u DRY WET co0 a. % LL ' d Xu > 10 20 30 20 40 60 80 X 1.6 1.8 20 Medium until fine grained sands, . ._4 grey colour medium compressed with moisture. There are met 1.0 some rare and thin peaces of sea 12.6 shells. This layer * 26.8 is not in all the 2.0 \ place of the contruction from the 17.1 surface until the deep 7.8 m (S-4) 3.0 27.9 8.4m(S-3).After * * ** ~~~~19.8 the classification 4.0 \ A.A.S.HI.T.O lOOl they are included in \ soils with the simbol A - 3. the 5.0 28.5 f II friction with diameter less then 26.6 0.075 * o30.6 mm is varied 3-7 %. 6.0 .3,I6 After the classification U.S.C 35.4 Poorly graded Sand-SP and 7.0 Poorly graded with 25.7 Silt SP-SM. 8 . 26.2 .lie saiwu, a LijIsiily, grey coiour . with blue nuances with moisture, 9.0 25. / medium compressed. There are 28.5 / met some rare and fine pieces of 10.0 - 28.9 sea weeds and some rare thin sea 1.0 21.6 . shells. After the classification 29.5 A.A.S.H.T.O are included in soils 12.0 IE with the simbol A-2-4, where the fraction with diameter less then 3 192 / .075 mm is varied from 14-24 %. 14.0 After the classification U.S.C 8.3 these soils are included in the 15.0 16.8 group Silty Sand - SM. These soil 16 are of masive origin and are met /0 immediately after the layer No. 1 17.0 18.0 in the deep 7.5 - 8.2 m. They have a considerable thickness 18.0 . overpassing the deep 20 m. 19.0 32.4 o 22.8 / 29.4 Designed by: Department of Geoinfornnalion and Pablication PROJECT: T.E.C OF VLORA DRILLING No.2 X=44 85117 Y = 43 67391 DATE: MARCH - 2003 Z= +0.51m LITHOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION AND THE PYSICAL PROPERTIES GRAIN SIZE DENSITY NATYRAL MOISTURE CLASSIFICATION 3 S. P.~ T ANALYSIS gr/cm CONTENT CLASSIFICATION:: O c SAND 0., : $ > 0.075 o DRY WET % > < | ffi w Xd Xu < > Qm m 10 20 30 20 40 60 80 1.6 1.8 20 30 ....--.*_...... Medium .... until fine grained sands, ...... _ . . . . 0.40 grey colour medium compressed 1.0 with moisture. There are met some rare and thin peaces of sea 2.0 shells. This layer is not in all the place of the contruction from the 3.0 surface until the deep 7.8 m (S-4) 8.4m(S-3).After the classification 4 o l A.A.S.H.T.O they are included in 50 soils with the simbol A -3. the friction with diameter less then 6.0 0.075 mm is varied 3-7 %. :.: 21.12 After the classification U.S.C 7.0 Poorly graded Sand-SP and 27.31 Poorly graded with Silt SP-SM. s.o Fine sands, a bit silty, grey colour 90 29.43 with blue nuances with moisture, 23.9 medium compressed. There are 10.0 met some rare and fine pieces of ssa weeds ana some rare thin sea , 27.6 shells. After the classification A.A.S.H.T.O are included in soils .0 28.91 with the simbol A-2-4, where the 13.0 fraction with diameter less then 204 0.075 mm is varied from 14-24 % 14.0 After the classification U.S.C 5.0- these soils are included in the 20.4 group Silty Sand -SM. These soils 16.0 are of masive origin and are met immediately after the layer No. I 21.6 in the deep 7.5 - 8.2 m. They have 18.0 a considerable thickness _ / _ _ _ overpassing the deep 20 m. i9.0 192 Designed by: Departmcnl orGeoinformation and Pablication 'L- ' ' -a -I- 4 4 N NN N /// NNNN N .1 4 N NNN N 4 1 4 /// NN N NNN NNN N N 4 /// N 1 4/ N N N N / 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 r / \\ " \\ \\\\ X = 44 85100 PROJECT: T.E.C OF VLORA DRILLING N 3 Y =43 67411 DATE: APRIL - 2003 Z= +0.62m LITHOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION AND THE PYSICAL PROPERTIES GRAIN SIZE f DENSITY NATYRAL 3 MOISTURE S. P. T ANALYSIS 5: griCrn COTN CLASSIFICATION v SAND > 0.075 DRY WET % 4 -z c m i > * 03R , ~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~XdWT%Xu tU X Ia0 20 30 20 40 60 80 1.6 1.8 20 30 Medium until fine grained sands, grey colour medium compressed 9.9 with moisture. There are met some rare and thin peaces of sea 2.0 . 18.0 shells. This layer is not in all the . E place of the contruction from the 3.0 18.9 surface until the deep 7.8 m (S-4) 27.0 8.4m(S-3).After the classification 27.0 A.A.S.H.T.O they are included in 5 soils with the simbol A - 3. the 31.6 friction with diameter less then 6.0 !31 0.075 mm is varied 3-7%. / After the classification U.S.C 7.0 128.5 Ponrly gradcd Sard SP ainid 26.57 oorly graded with Silt SP-SM. s. /25.1 1.... . \//l Fine sands, a bit silty, grey colour 90 o31.9 with blue nuances with moisture, l -.- medium compressed. There are 10.0 .26.4 l28.95 met some rare and fine pieces of sea weeds and some rare thin sea E shells. After the classification 12.0 A.A.S.H.T.O are I-0 included in soils . . 2 | ( with the simbol A-2-4, where the 13.0 1 28.34 action with diameter less then - 14.0 0.075 mm is varied from 14-24 %. 16.8 I \ After the classification U.S.C 15.0 these soils are included in the l 30. group Silty Sand - SM. These soil 16.0 -;-120.4 U-;0 are of masive origin and are met 1 immediately after the layer No. I | in the deep 7.5 -8.2 m. They have 18.0 024 l a considerable thickness overpassing thie deep 20 m. !Q0 _ I . 29.1 PIROJECT- TE.C OF VLORA G EOLOGO)-tINGINFERING PROFILE 1-t 20I Scale 1 200 -2 1) °° .-.------I ...... ---. 11*---.,-...... ---.-.------ -6 0 : -- : .::. : : - s8 02 .~. ... l16O .30 , .. . .. 2(0 2000 1 -220-1 -240 -26 -28. (DS-2 Elevation(Os) S~~~~~~~~~~(S-_3 ~~~~~~0.44 -0.51 arsiatdistance (in) 2 i.o0 06 _]_ 270o_ Progressivedisro.ce (in) 00 21 0 480 Medium until fine grained sands, &rey colour medium compressed wit I moisture. There are met some shells. This layer is not in all the place of the rare and thin peaces of sea contruction from the surface until the deep 7.8 m (S-4) 8 4m(S-3) After A.A.S.H T.O they are included the classification in soils with the simbol A -3. the friction with diameter less then After the classification 0 075 mm is varied 3-7 % U.S.C Poorly graded Sand-SP and Poorly graded with Silt SP-SM Fine sands, a bit silty, grey colour with blue nuances with moisture, medium compressed There are met some rare and sea weeds and some rare thin sea shells After the classification fine pieces of A A S.H.T.O are included in soils with the simbol A-2-4, where the fraction with diameter less then 0.075 mm is varied from 14-24 %Afte: the classification U.S.C these soils are included in the group Silty Sand -SM. These soils are of masive origin and Designedb5 are met imimediately after the layerNo 1 in the deep 75-82 m a considerable thickness overpassing the deep 20 m They hase Depar-ne of Geo.orona-ion and Pabl-cas PROJECT: T.E.C OF VLORA G EOLOGO-ENGINEERING PROFILE II-II | 20 Scale 1 .200 o~~~~~~~~~~..) , . , ". -6...... X '- . -. . .. 0' ..... '...... :. '.-.:*:.',';. .' . .80 .1,1. ,' 801 -20.02 -22.0- . 24.0 -26.0 -28.0 |i. Drilli.igNo o S -4 Ele -atio n( ml) 1 07l Partial dist. in S-2 0 Pro ress.dist.iu 0.Ont 67.0m o 510l Medium until fine grained sands, 67 Oa grey colour medium compressed with shells. This layer is not in all the moisture. There are met some rare place of the contruction from the surface and thin peaces of sea A A S H.T.O they until the deep 7.8 m (S-4) 8.4m(S-3).After are included in soils with the simbol the classification After the classification A -3 the friction with diameter lets U S C Poorly graded Sand-SP then 0.075 mm is varied 3-7 % and Poorly graded with Silt SP-SM. Fine sands, a bit silty, grey colour with blue nuances with moisture, sea weeds and some rare thin medium compressed. There are met sea shells. After the classification A.A.S.H.T.O some rare and fine pieces of fraction with diameter less then are included in soils with the simbol 0 075 mm is varied from 14-24 %.After A-2-4, where the group Silty Sand -SM. These the classification US C these soils soils are of masive origin and are are included in the a considerable thickness met immeliately after the layer No. overpassing the deep 20 m I in the deep 7.5 -8 2 m They have Desimiiedby Dep.rin,eiit otGcofifonnaiioii niid Psbicniio REPUBLIKA E SHQIIPERISE MINISTRIA EKONOMISE PUBLIKE DHE PRPVATIZ1AMT SHERBIMI GJEOLOGJIK SHQIPTAR QENDRA E GJEOLOGJISE CIVLE Laboratori Tirane me...../..k/..YJ. OBJEKTI ... e VENDI I LARES . . ¾...... r. 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C/ \~~~~~~1 1'''-!-11201 1s1! *1-1824.1Z* §; sl'u'-l.;@' 4-a& -i - W g 1! 811!17!0:i! 1'1 11llllFlIllllllllllllll11III ItIN ITI li, IO IMl1 NiIIIIi ,; i ,':!1 | c a~~~~r I X' t '''';'';:~~~~~~~~~~~L!:::'-:::*4"'*';*g*-0 ...... ,;;-l WI *P_*I: REPUBLIKA E SEQIPERISE MlNlSTRIA EKONOMISE PUBLIKE DHE PRI7ATIZINMIT SHERBIMI GJEOLOGJIK SHQLPTAR QENDRA E GJEOLOGJISE CIVIJE Laboratori Tirane me.... OBJEKTI ...... I ...... VEND] IMARJES .... 4 FLETEN ANALIZE GRANULOMETRIKE (ME SITA) Fraksionet ne mm Pe nbajtja e fraksionit ne % Nr Thellesia e 5.0-2. 0 2.0-1.25 1.25-0.5 0.5-0.25 0.25-0.075 <0.075 rendor marTjes se kampionit ne m ] 8.0-9.0 0.050 0.550 80.440 18.959 Analizuesi Shefi sektorit Ing. L.KONOMI kg. Y. MUCEKU Drejtori kg Xe0ma1 HADROJ 7-EC YL4ORE' ~SO?DA-i 4 0oooo . 5 rtL- -TA 8 9 IASQYRA E LAKORES Sl PPRBKRJES KOIRRIZORE .T.POPLD}R -GURALZCOFR I AEVRIT ARGJILt_ * I 4-~~~~1i~~' Hit i I= _R 70 K 7k 7 L-L ~60 ': - - - - . 40- -U-... 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' 4; ' T $ 5 ' n - r r &U.aT c3- ' lrf 9 *rt-.- ;* .f - r ~ S ; U - A. ; ':. f..-4j ' J j-.';'.,y,_ 4~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~r ,01=w1S', 5 L t j.e; nI,L V_ - * , . 9I ' =a -*_ r _ > " ;r ' .r- w -ys S ~~~~~~A,,., r - j -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 16L2 - ' ;~Jqp--. ::w EA & - - |~ t ., . -19 h s '~~~~~~- ,' -'S -'_'e'J_Et__--'6 .g £8' 4- I r,.2 , .. _ - i6 _ lgI W71 i? b~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~r- V~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~rX .4a~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 71.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~1 1.7~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~rr~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ J.(Im111 ( I t- - ;s : r: ss- --~~~~~~~~~-"' -*:- zz Ec LablluD atozX-i fushlore. .Pcsh:) votEr;Hfirew diiPre juit sn-, GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF ALBANIA Center of Civil Geology Section of Engineering - Geology Rruga: 'Sami Frasheri" No .31 Tel: 00 355 4 222 259 Fax: 00 355 4 226 530 E-mail. d6ziinr1ialbaniaoi1ine. net, EVALUATION of the report: "GEOTECHNICAL VALUATION OF THE CONSTRUCTION SITE OF T.E.C. NEAR NEW PORT OF VLORA (GENERAL PROJECT - IDEA) Autlhor: Eng. Luljeta GJOVREKU Eng. JaniKERO This report is presented by the authors in two parts: - Text material - Graphic material. The text is composed by several chapters which are analyses as follows: Introduction In this chapter the authors give in a very explicite manner the duty and the purpose of the report, the used methods for his realisation. Position, relief and geomorplzology Here is given the boundaries of the studied area and the geomorphology of the region. From the geomorphological point of view the authors had divided the studued area in to parts: a- Hilly geomorphological unit; b- Field geomorphological unit. Which are treated very well. Geological settings This chapter is treated well. Tectonic settings For the duty they have to realise, this is a full chapter. Hydrogeological settings In this chapter, depending on the lithological types and the hydrogeological conditions of the fornations, are distinguished four catchment area, as follows: a- Water catchment area of carbonatic deposits; b- Water catchment area of flischy deposits; c- Water catchment area of mollasic depozits; d- Water catchment are of quaternary deposits; Which are treated very well. There is shown that the waters of the quaternary deposits became aggressive in contact with concrete. This is a factor which have to be taken into account by the construction person. Seismic conditions The authors shows the the region intensity in concrete conditions is IX degree after the Mercally - cancani clasification. Geological - engineeringsettings of thi e construction site of t.e.c. of vlora This is a very important chapter and it is given in a very detailed mode. In this chapter are given all physical - mechanical parameters of the layers which compose the construction site. Here are used the A.A.S.H.T.O. and U.S.C. well known clasifications. Here is determined the Relative Density and are performed the S.P.T. for all samples taken in the terrain. In the end is given a full geotechnical valuation of the construction site. Conclusions It is a full chapter. The graphical material is complete and based on conteporanery literature. In the end, I think that the report have a positive valuation, so I reccomend to the other high scientific instances to approved it as a report of high quality. ENG. YLBER MUCEKU tJ_y GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF ALBANIA Center of Civil Geology Section of Engineering - Geology Rruga. Sani Frasheri" No 31 Tel: 00 355 4 222 59 Fax. 00 355 4 226 530 E-mail: dviini ii alhanijonline. net OPINION On the report: "GEOTECHNICAL VALUATION OF THE CONSTRUCTION SITE OF T.E.C. NEAR NEW PORT OF VLORA (GENERAL PROJECT - IDEA) Author: Eng. Luljeta GJO VREKU Eng. JaniKERO Oponence. Eng. Ylber Muceku Takes part Y. Muceku, F. Sallufi, L. Gjovreku, L. Konomi, M. Kenga, V. Gjoni, E. Rudi. After the refering of the author and the reading of the Oponence were made discutions from the section specialists. According to the opinion of all specialists we propose to the high instances to approved the report as a good work made by the authors. CHEIF OF THE SECTION ENG. YLBER MUCEKU REPUBLIKA E SHQIPERISE MINISTRIA E INDUSTRISE DHE ENERGJITIKES Kabineti Blvd. Deshmoret e Kombit Nr.2 Tel. 355 4 22 76 17 E-mail:postmaster(mepp.Tirana.al Fax: 355 4 23 40 52 Internet: http:/,www.mepp.gov.al Prot. Nr. 161i3 Tirane me i"- 0 2. .2003 Lend Kryerja e matjeve per sigmen e tokes ne zonen e sheshit te TEC-it te ri ne .1< L)\Viare. i BESHKU - Drejtor i Pergjithshem i Sherbimit Gjeollogjik Shqiptar .3 N3ergjigjef te pyetjeve te shtruara nga Ju, pas konsultimeve me kompanine '- t ,^tmerikane HARZA e cila po realizon edhe studimin e plote te fisibilitetit, theksojme e jemi ne shkallen konceptuale te projektit (koncept idese). Qellimi per testet e l ~-XJtresave (analizat e tokes) eshte te siguroje nje klasifikim te shtresave te tokes ne / / shtrirje. Ky informacion do te perdoret per te mbeshtetur vleresimin e ndikimit ne mjedis (VNM). Kesaj here nuk do te kompletojme nje investigim te detajuar b \@gjeollogjiko-inxhinjerik. Shqyrtimi i detajuar do te jete pergjegjesi teknike dhe financiare e Kontraktorit qe do te punoje per ndertimine TEC-it ne baze te kontrates se Prokurimit dhe te Inxhinjeringut (Engineering Procurement Contract). Shqyrtimi i detajuar gjeoteknik qe kerkohet per projektimin e themeleve do te percaktohet me vone dhe e theksojme se eshte pergjegjesi e Kontraktorit te mundeshem EPC. Kerkesa e kompanise Amerikane eshte qe analiza e sigmes do te perfshije 4 shpime perfaqsuese qe kryqezohen ne zonen e propozuar, kryerja e analizes minimale laboratorike si dhe nje raport permbledhes. Kompania Amerikane rekomandon qe shpimi te kryhet te pakten ne nje thellesi 20 m. Metodollogjia e perdorur per kete analize gjeollogjike - inxhinjerike te jete ne perputhje me standartet ose direktivat e njohura te BE. Raporti permbledhes do te perfshije por nuk do te kufizohet ne evidentimin e informacionit te meposhtem: - Identifikimi dhe klasifikimi i shtreses se shkrifet te tokes (perfshire dhe thellesine e formacionit shkembor), - Karrotazhi, - Thellesia e nivelit te ujit, - Harta qe paraqet vendodhjen e shpimeve, - Rezistenca specifike e tokes, forca mbajtese, si dhe vecorite e shtrirjes, - Te dhena per uljen e shtrese se shkrifet ranore si dhe pjese se mbushur, - Rekomandime themelore per kushtet e ndryshme nentokesore dhe komentet qe lidhen me aspektet e parashikuara gjeoteknike te zhvillimit te shtreses. Kjo gjithashtu duhet te perfshije rekomandimet per forcen mbajtese te lejuar per shperndaden e qendrushmerise, si dhe ngarkesen e pilotave ne se kerkohet. Bashkangjitur, ne harten perkatese jane dhene kater pikat ne te cilat do te kryhen shpimet e sygjeruara nga ana e kompanise HARZA. Ne perfundim te detyres te pergatitet nje Raport, i ciii duhet te permbaje te gjitha pikat e mesiperme, ne lidhje me matjet e bera, pershkrimin e tyre, ne shqip dhe anglisht, i cili te dorezohet prane Agjensise Kombetare te Energjise. Per gdo sqarim te nevojshem do te komunikoni me Z. Petrit AHMErI dhe Z. Besim ISLAMI. MINISTRI Viktor DODA