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Geology, Sequence Stratigraphy, and Oil and Gas Assessment of the Lewis Shale Total Petroleum System, San Juan Basin, New Mexico and Colorado, Chap

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Geology, Sequence Stratigraphy, and Oil and Gas Assessment of the Lewis Shale Total Petroleum System, San Juan Basin, New Mexico and Colorado, Chap Geology, Sequence Stratigraphy, and Oil and Gas Assessment of the Lewis Shale Total Petroleum System, San Juan Basin, New Mexico and Colorado Click here to return to Volume Title Page By R.F. Dubiel Chapter 5 of 7 Total Petroleum Systems and Geologic Assessment of Undiscovered Oil and Gas Resources in the San Juan Basin Province, Exclusive of Paleozoic Rocks, New Mexico and Colorado Compiled by U.S. Geological Survey San Juan Basin Assessment Team Digital Data Series 69–F U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior KEN SALAZAR, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey Marcia K. McNutt, Director U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia 2013 For product and ordering information: World Wide Web: http://www.usgs.gov/pubprod Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS For more information on the USGS—the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment: World Wide Web: http://www.usgs.gov Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS Suggested citation: Dubiel, R.F., 2013, Geology, sequence stratigraphy, and oil and gas assessment of the Lewis Shale Total Petroleum System, San Juan Basin, New Mexico and Colorado, chap. 5 of U.S. Geological Survey San Juan Basin Assessment Team, Total petroleum systems and geologic assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources in the San Juan Basin Province, exclusive of Paleozoic rocks, New Mexico and Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Digital Data Series 69–F, p. 1–45. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this report is in the public domain, permission must be secured from the individual copyright owners to reproduce any copyrighted material contained within this report. iii Contents Abstract ...........................................................................................................................................................1 Introduction.....................................................................................................................................................1 Geologic Setting .............................................................................................................................................2 Stratigraphy ....................................................................................................................................................2 Sequence Stratigraphy .................................................................................................................................8 The Lewis Shale Total Petroleum System ................................................................................................11 Hydrocarbon Source Rock .........................................................................................................................16 Source Rock Maturation.............................................................................................................................17 Hydrocarbon Migration Summary ............................................................................................................21 Hydrocarbon Reservoir Rocks ...................................................................................................................21 Hydrocarbon Traps and Seals ...................................................................................................................22 Assessment of Oil and Gas Resources ....................................................................................................22 Lewis Continuous Gas Assessment Unit (AU 50220261) .......................................................................23 Assessment Results ....................................................................................................................................23 Acknowledgments .......................................................................................................................................26 References Cited..........................................................................................................................................26 Appendixes A. Data form for the Lewis Continuous Gas Assessment Unit (AU 50220261) .......................30 B. Summary of assessment results for the Lewis Continuous Gas Assessment Unit (AU 50220261)...............................................................................................................................45 Figures 1. Location map of the San Juan Basin Province........................................................................3 2. Cross sections of the San Juan Basin ......................................................................................4 3. Maps showing geology of the San Juan Basin Province, Lewis Shale isopach, and Lewis Shale Total Petroleum System, and cross sections of San Juan Basin ................12 4. Burial history curves for the Lewis Shale Total Petroleum System ...................................18 5. Petroleum system events chart for the Lewis Shale Total Petroleum System .................20 6. Map of the Lewis Continuous Gas Assessment Unit ............................................................24 Geology, Sequence Stratigraphy, and Oil and Gas Assessment of the Lewis Shale Total Petroleum System, San Juan Basin, New Mexico and Colorado By R.F. Dubiel Abstract throughout the depositional basin. In the Lewis Continu- ous Gas Assessment Unit (AU 50220261), for continuous The Lewis Shale Total Petroleum System (TPS) in the gas resources, there is an F95 of 8,315.22 billion cubic feet San Juan Basin Province contains a continuous gas accumula- of gas (BCFG) and an F5 of 12,282.31 BCFG, with a mean tion in three distinct stratigraphic units deposited in genetically value of 10,177.24 BCFG. There is an F95 of 18.08 mil- related depositional environments: offshore-marine shales, lion barrels of natural gas liquids (MMBNGL) and an F5 of 47.32 MMBNGL, with a mean of 30.53 MMBNGL. mudstones, siltstones, and sandstones of the Lewis Shale, and marginal-marine shoreface sandstones and siltstones of both the La Ventana Tongue and the Chacra Tongue of the Cliff House Sandstone. The Lewis Shale was not a completion Introduction target in the San Juan Basin (SJB) in early drilling from about the 1950s through 1990. During that time, only 16 wells were This report presents the results of a geologic assessment completed in the Lewis from natural fracture systems encoun- of the undiscovered oil and gas resources of the Lewis Shale tered while drilling for deeper reservoir objectives. In 1991, Total Petroleum System (TPS) within the San Juan Basin existing wells that penetrated the Lewis Shale were re-entered (SJB) Province of northwestern New Mexico and southwestern by petroleum industry operators in order to fracture-stimulate Colorado (fig. 1). The Cretaceous Lewis Shale TPS represents the Lewis and to add Lewis gas production onto preexisting, one of the four total petroleum systems defined for this project and presumably often declining, Mesaverde Group production to assess the undiscovered hydrocarbon resources of the San stratigraphically lower in the section. By 1997, approximately Juan Basin (see chap. 1, this CD-ROM; fig. 3). The four total 101 Lewis completions had been made, both as re-entries into petroleum systems are, in ascending stratigraphic order, the existing wells and as add-ons to Mesaverde production in new Todilto TPS, Mancos-Menefee Composite TPS, Lewis Shale wells. Based on recent industry drilling and completion prac- TPS, and Fruitland TPS. tices leading to successful gas production from the Lewis and The Lewis Shale TPS contains three distinct strati- because new geologic models indicate that the Lewis Shale graphic units deposited in genetically related depositional contains both source rocks and reservoir rocks, the Lewis environments: Shale TPS was defined and evaluated as part of this U.S. Geo- 1. offshore-marine shales, mudstones, siltstones, and logical Survey oil and gas assessment of the San Juan Basin. sandstones of the Lewis Shale, and marginal-marine Gas in the Lewis Shale Total Petroleum System is shoreface to turbidite sandstones and siltstones produced from shoreface sandstones and siltstones in the La of both Ventana and Chacra Tongues and from distal facies of these prograding clastic units that extend into marine rocks of the 2. the La Ventana Tongue, and Lewis Shale in the central part of the San Juan Basin. Reser- voirs are in shoreface sandstone parasequences of the La Ven- 3. the Chacra Tongue of the Cliff House Sandstone. tana and Chacra and their correlative distal parasequences in Although the La Ventana and Chacra Tongues had produced the Lewis Shale where both natural and artificially enhanced gas for many years prior to, and were included in, the 1995 fractures produce gas. The Lewis Continuous Gas Assessment USGS assessment of oil and gas resources in the San Juan Unit (AU 50220261) is thought to be self-sourced from and Basin (Huffman, 1996), the Lewis Shale was not assessed self-sealed by marine shales and mudstones deposited within as part of that effort. The Lewis Shale was not a completion the Lewis Shale that enclose clastic parasequences in the La target in the San Juan Basin in early drilling from about the Ventana and Chacra Tongues. The gas resource is thought to 1950s through 1990. During that time, only 16 wells were be a continuous accumulation sourced from the Lewis Shale completed
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