Alfredo Vidal Jiménez Córdoba, 2012

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Alfredo Vidal Jiménez Córdoba, 2012 UNIVERSIDAD DE CÓRDOBA FACULTAD DE MEDICINA ESTUDIO DE LA VASCULITIS LINFOCITARIA DE LA ZONA DE TRANSICIÓN Y SU RELACIÓN CON EL INFARTO DE LA PRÓSTATA Alfredo Vidal Jiménez Córdoba, 2012 TÍTULO: Estudio de la vasculitis linfocitaria de la zona de transición y su relación con el infarto de la próstata AUTOR: Alfredo Vidal Jiménez © Edita: Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Córdoba. 2012 Campus de Rabanales Ctra. Nacional IV, Km. 396 A 14071 Córdoba www.uco.es/publicaciones [email protected] AGRADECIMIENTOS Es mi deseo hacer constar en primer lugar mi sincero agradecimiento al Profesor Dr. D. Antonio López Beltrán, quien no sólo ha compartido conmigo su amplia experiencia y sus extensos y profundos conocimientos, sino también su amistad, y me ha brindado la oportunidad de realizar el presente trabajo bajo su dirección y guía para, conduciendo mi camino de aprendizaje con paciencia, hacer posible que hoy tantas horas de trabajo culminen en la presentación esta tesis doctoral. Gracias también a la Dra. Ana María Blanca Pedregosa, siempre dispuesta para ayudar, siempre con palabras de ánimo y siempre con una sonrisa… ¡no se puede pedir más! A Olga y María Teresa, del Departamento de Especialidades Médico Quirúrgicas, debo agradecer su orientación y la ayuda prestada para las cuestiones administrativas y otros trámites, pero sobre todo la amabilidad, el afecto y la buena disposición con que siempre me han atendido. No sería honesto ni congruente con mis sentimientos si no manifestara también aquí mi agradecimiento a mi familia: A mis padres, Alfredo y Fanny, gracias a los cuales hoy puedo escribir estas letras; a mis hermanos, Pablo y David, que además de apoyo moral me han prestado diligentemente ayuda de carácter técnico cada vez que se la he solicitado; a mi esposa, Laura, que me acompaña día tras día comprendiendo mi meta y animándome a continuar a pesar de las horas robadas; también a mis hijos, Alfredo y Fernando, aún demasiado pequeños para haber tenido algún papel activo en este camino, pero cuya presencia inunda de alegría cada día y a quienes dedico este trabajo. ÍNDICE Índice I. LISTADO DE ABREVIATURAS .......................................................................... 3 II. RESUMEN .............................................................................................................. 7 III. INTRODUCCIÓN Y ANTECEDENTES ........................................................ 11 III.1. INTRODUCCIÓN AL TEMA ..................................................................................... 11 III.2. EMBRIOLOGÍA Y DESARROLLO POSTNATAL DE LA PRÓSTATA ............. 12 III.2.1. DESARROLLO EMBRIONARIO ............................................................................... 13 III.2.1.1. DESARROLLO TEMPRANO FETAL DE LOS CONDUCTOS DE WOLFF, DE MÜLLER Y DEL SENO UROGENITAL ............................................................................... 13 III.2.1.1.1. CONDUCTO DE WOLFF Y SENO UROGENITAL ............................................ 14 III.2.1.1.2. IMPACTO DE INTERACCIONES EPITELIALES Y ESTROMALES ............... 15 III.2.1.1.3. CLIMA HORMONAL ............................................................................................ 17 III.2.1.2. DESARROLLO DE LOS ESBOZOS PROSTÁTICOS HASTA EL NACIMIENTO .................................................................................................................................................. 18 III.2.1.2.1. DESARROLLO FORMAL DE LA PRÓSTATA HUMANA ................................ 18 III.2.1.2.2. HISTOGÉNESIS DE LAS CÉLULAS EPITELIALES ......................................... 21 III.2.1.2.3. DIFERENCIACIÓN ESTROMAL ......................................................................... 22 III.2.1.2.4. CAMBIOS METAPLÁSICOS DURANTE EL PERÍODO PERINATAL ............ 23 III.2.2. DESARROLLO POSTNATAL .................................................................................... 24 III.2.2.1. REGRESIÓN POSTNATAL Y PERÍODO QUIESCENTE INFANTIL .................. 25 III.2.2.2. PERÍODO DE CRECIMIENTO PREPUBERAL ..................................................... 26 III.2.2.3. PERÍODO DE DIFERENCIACIÓN PUBERAL Y MADURACIÓN ...................... 27 III.2.2.3.1. FORMACIÓN DE ACINOS MADUROS .............................................................. 28 III.2.2.3.2. SIGNIFICADO DE LA APOPTOSIS DURANTE EL DESARROLLO PROSTÁTICO .......................................................................................................................... 29 III.3. ANATOMÍA E HISTOLOGÍA NORMAL DE LA PRÓSTATA ............................. 31 III.3.1. ANATOMÍA DE LA GLÁNDULA PROSTÁTICA .................................................... 31 III.3.2. TEJIDO NO GLANDULAR......................................................................................... 35 III.3.3. ARQUITECTURA DE LA PRÓSTATA GLANDULAR (ANATOMÍA ZONAL) .... 41 III.3.4. COMPARTIMENTOS EPITELIALES ........................................................................ 46 III.3.5. VARIANTES DE LA HISTOLOGÍA NORMAL ........................................................ 51 I Índice III.4. LESIONES INFLAMATORIAS DE LA PRÓSTATA.............................................. 54 III.4.1. PROSTATITIS AGUDA .............................................................................................. 55 III.4.2. PROSTATITIS CRÓNICA .......................................................................................... 56 III.4.2.1. PROSTATITIS BACTERIANA CRÓNICA ............................................................. 56 III.4.2.2. PROSTATITIS NO BACTERIANA ......................................................................... 57 III.4.3. OTROS TIPOS DE PROSTATITIS ............................................................................. 58 III.4.3.1. PROSTATITIS GRANULOMATOSAS ESPECÍFICAS ......................................... 58 III.4.3.1.1. INFECCIÓN TUBERCULOSA ............................................................................. 58 III.4.3.1.2. OTRAS ................................................................................................................... 59 III.4.3.2. PROSTATITIS GRANULOMATOSA INESPECÍFICA ......................................... 59 III.4.3.3. GRANULOMA PROSTÁTICO NECROBIÓTICO POSTQUIRÚRGICO ............. 61 III.4.3.4. PROSTATITIS GRANULOMATOSA EOSINOFÍLICA ALÉRGICA ................... 61 III.4.3.5. MALAKOPLAQUIA DE LA PRÓSTATA .............................................................. 62 III.4.3.6. PROSTATODINIA ................................................................................................... 63 III.5. HIPERPLASIA BENIGNA DE LA PRÓSTATA ...................................................... 64 III.5.1. PATOGENIA ............................................................................................................... 64 III.5.1.1. REGULACIÓN HORMONAL ................................................................................. 64 III.5.1.2. FACTORES DE CRECIMIENTO ............................................................................ 66 III.5.2. ANATOMÍA PATOLÓGICA ...................................................................................... 68 III.5.2.1. MACROSCOPÍA ...................................................................................................... 69 III.5.2.2. MICROSCOPÍA ........................................................................................................ 69 III.5.2.2.1. ESTROMA ............................................................................................................. 70 III.5.2.2.2. GLÁNDULAS ........................................................................................................ 73 III.5.2.3. FORMAS ESPECIALES DE BPH ........................................................................... 73 III.5.2.3.1. HIPERPLASIA CRIBIFORME DE CÉLULAS CLARAS.................................... 73 III.5.2.3.2. ADENOSIS ESCLEROSANTE ............................................................................. 74 III.5.2.3.3. HIPERPLASIA DE CÉLULAS BASALES ........................................................... 75 III.5.2.3.4. HIPERPLASIA POSTATRÓFICA ........................................................................ 76 III.5.2.4. CAMBIOS REGRESIVOS Y CONGESTIÓN ......................................................... 76 III.5.3. HIPERPLASIA NODULAR E INFLAMACIÓN ........................................................ 79 III.5.3.1. PROSTATITIS POR RTU ........................................................................................ 81 III.5.4. HIPERPLASIA NODULAR Y CÁNCER ................................................................... 82 III.5.5. HIPERPLASIA NODULAR Y LESIONES PRECURSORAS DEL CÁNCER ......... 82 II Índice III.5.6. ASPECTOS TERMINOLÓGICOS DE LA HIPERPLASIA NODULAR ................... 83 III.5.7. HIPERPLASIA NODULAR E INFARTO DE LA PRÓSTATA ................................. 84 III.6. VASCULITIS ................................................................................................................ 86 III.6.1. INTRODUCCIÓN ........................................................................................................ 86 III.6.2. CLASIFICACIÓN Y FORMAS MÁS HABITUALES................................................ 87 III.6.2.1. CLASIFICACIÓN SEGÚN EL “AMERICAN COLLEGE OF RHEUMATOLOGY” .................................................................................................................................................. 87 III.6.2.2. CLASIFICACIÓN
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