Constructions of Places and Identities in Travel Journalism Ljungberg
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Global Lifestyles : Constructions of Places and Identities in Travel Journalism Ljungberg, Emilia 2012 Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Ljungberg, E. (2012). Global Lifestyles : Constructions of Places and Identities in Travel Journalism. Makadam förlag. 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LUND UNIVERSITY PO Box 117 221 00 Lund +46 46-222 00 00 Download date: 05. Oct. 2021 lobalization has become a buzz word in politics, business, and academia, but it is also given Cover photo: Blake Burton, Hawaii 2009. G L meaning in more popular contexts such as travel jungberg magazines. This thesis shows how globalization is used in travel journalism to construct and to defend GLOBAL power and privilege. Emilia Ljungberg draws on theories in globalization studies and the study of lifestyle, as well as postcolonial analysis and travel LIFESTYLES writing studies, to analyze travel journalism in two Constructions of Places and Identities magazines from 1982 to 2008. How is globalization interpreted through presentations of attractive in Travel Journalism places and desired identities? How is the idea of a global climate crisis incorporated into the overall GLOBAL LIFESTYLES discourse of magazines that celebrate tourism and other forms of consumption? How is the notion EMILIA LJUNGBERG (born 1983) is of a cosmopolitan elite used in the construction Lecturer and Researcher in Media History of tourism identities? And did the gendering of the at the Department of Communication traveler change from the 1980s to the early twenty- and Media, Lund University, Sweden. first century? GLOBAL LIFESTYLES is her doctoral dissertation. Photo: Lidia Branco. The study challenges some of the conventional perspectives of tourism studies as well as post- colonial analysis by focusing on definitions of taste and luxury, along with tourism lifestyles, aspects that have not often been studied in detail. During the investigated period, the magazines transformed into lifestyle magazines. In the lifestyle magazine, some places are presented as global while others represent the chance of a temporary escape from the demands of a globalized world. Globalization discourses are used by the magazines to present a world that is exciting, harmonious, and exotic. WWW.MAKADAMBOK.SE MAKADAM Emilia Ljungberg ISBN 978-91-7061-117-9 MAKADAM Global Lifestyles Global Lifestyles © 2012 Emilia Ljungberg & Makadam, Gothenburg, Sweden Digital edition published by Lund University Contact: [email protected] Global Lifestyles © 2012 Emilia Ljungberg & Makadam, Gothenburg, Sweden Digital edition published by Lund University Contact: [email protected] EMILIA LJUNGBERG GLOBAL LIFESTYLES Constructions of Places and Identities in Travel Journalism Makadam Global Lifestyles © 2012 Emilia Ljungberg & Makadam, Gothenburg, Sweden Digital edition published by Lund University Contact: [email protected] MAKADAM FÖRLAG GÖTEBORG & STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN WWW.MAKADAMBOK.SE Published with support from Stiftelsen Hjalmar Gullbergs och Greta Thotts stipendiefond Wahlgrenska stiftelsen Global Lifestyles. Constructions of Places and Identities in Travel Journalism Doctoral dissertation in Media History at the Department of Communication and Media, Lund University, to be publicly defended on September 29, 2012 © Emilia Ljungberg & Makadam förlag 2012 © Cover photograph: Blake Burton, Hawaii 2009 Author photograph: Lidia Branco Printed by Bulls Graphics, Halmstad, Sweden 2012 isbn 978-91-7061-117-9 Global Lifestyles © 2012 Emilia Ljungberg & Makadam, Gothenburg, Sweden Digital edition published by Lund University Contact: [email protected] CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 9 INTRODUCTION: Narrating a global world 11 Identities and places in a global world 13 Choosing to study Business Traveller A/P and RES 19 Discourse analysis as method 25 Travel journalism, lifestyle magazines, and similar genres 26 Disposition 31 1. SITUATING THE LIFESTYLE MAGAZINES: Cultural contexts and theoretical concepts 34 Travel writing and colonial discourse analysis: Still saying the same old things? 34 Tourism studies and the question of authenticity 41 The travel magazine as lifestyle magazine 45 Consumption and class distinction in lifestyle magazines 48 Travel magazines and gender 51 The global turn 53 Global Lifestyles © 2012 Emilia Ljungberg & Makadam, Gothenburg, Sweden Digital edition published by Lund University Contact: [email protected] Mobility and identity in a global world 57 8LIGLERKMRKWMKRM½GERGISJTPEGIERHWTEGI Global and local places 66 The global city 68 The global city as a tourism destination 73 Placing the travel magazines in larger cultural contexts 74 2. FROM BUSINESS AND TRAVEL TO LIFESTYLE MAGAZINES 76 RES 77 &YWMRIWW8VEZIPPIV%WME4EGM½G 82 The glossy consumer magazine and other similar genres 89 The style of writing: From you to me, from information to emotion 96 8LIEIWXLIXMGWX]PISJXLIGSZIVW Designing the world through the language of global GSRWYQIVMWQ 8LIIHMXSVMEPW(I½RMRKERHHIJIRHMRKXVEZIP The changing genre of the travel magazine 114 3. THE COSMOPOLITAN BON VIVANT AND THE GLOBETROTTING EXECUTIVE: Constructing the identity of the implied reader 117 The implied reader 118 Lifestyle and class 126 Global Lifestyles © 2012 Emilia Ljungberg & Makadam, Gothenburg, Sweden Digital edition published by Lund University Contact: [email protected] The ephemeral nature of lifestyle 129 0MJIWX]PIERHPY\YV] Design hotels as identity markers 136 The tourist-traveler dichotomy 141 The cosmopolitan elite 143 Men in suits: The gendered business traveler 147 The transformation of the businessman 153 Identity beyond tourism 156 4. DESIGNED AUTHENTICITY: The construction of spa resorts and design hotels as local places 159 Ecological adaptation and authenticity 163 The desire for placelessness in articles about resorts and design hotels 166 Designed authenticity in the construction of spa resorts as local places 171 The use of nature in the construction of the local 175 Nature and discourses of environmentalism 181 Place and authenticity in the lifestyle magazine 184 5. THE EAST AND SOUTHEAST ASIAN CITY AS GLOBAL METROPOLIS 188 Traveling to a transforming South/East Asia 191 7O]WGVETIVWERHXVEJ½GEWW]QFSPWSJ[MPHGETMXEPMWQ Alert entrepreneurs and money-crazed citizens MRXLIGSRWXVYGXMSRSJXLIKPSFEPQIXVSTSPMW Global Lifestyles © 2012 Emilia Ljungberg & Makadam, Gothenburg, Sweden Digital edition published by Lund University Contact: [email protected] 8LI%WMERGSRWYQIVW The South/East Asian metropolis as a global future 211 Swedish writers in the South/East Asian metropolis: An analysis of RES 214 Colonial nostalgia and commercial sex in the businessman’s South/East Asia: An analysis of Business Traveller %WME4EGM½G 217 Casual colonial nostalgia 221 8LI¾MKLXEXXIRHERXERHXLIKSKSKMVPEWVITVIWIRXEXMSRW of Asia 226 The ambivalent depictions of a transforming South/East Asia 229 GLOBAL LIFESTYLES AS ESCAPE ROUTES 231 Identities and places: A summary 234 Tourism studies and postcolonial theory 236 Designed authenticity, environmentalism, and hygiene: The WPMTTIV]HMWGSYVWIWSJQEKE^MRIW Globalization discourses as escape 245 REFERENCES 248 INDEX 258 ILLUSTRATIONS 261 ILLUSTRATIONS are not available in the electronic version due to copyright restrictions Global Lifestyles © 2012 Emilia Ljungberg & Makadam, Gothenburg, Sweden Digital edition published by Lund University Contact: [email protected] Acknowledgements It has become somewhat of a cliché to begin the preface of a PhD dissertation by stating that the project one has just finished is like a journey. Needless to say, this is especially popular when the topic of the thesis is travel. However, there are many ways in which writing a thesis is not like traveling, especially if one imagines the kinds of trips that are presented in the glossy pages of lifestyle magazines. Writing this thesis turned out to be not quite like spending a week or, for that matter, five years at a luxurious spa resort in Southeast Asia. It is a good thing then that I have had such excellent supervisors. Lars Gustaf Andersson, who has been my primary supervisor, was very encouraging and optim- istic to an almost absurd level at the beginning of the project while being re assuring toward the end. I would like to thank Lynn Åkesson, who was my second supervisor during the first years and who is so exceptional at coming up with inspiring ideas. It was Lynn who first put me on the tracks of the “globetrotting executive.” Thanks to Patrik Lundell who has been my second supervisor during the second part of my project, and who is the sharpest of readers and the