Code of Theodosius Death Penalty
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A Game of Power Courtly Influence on the Decision-Making of Emperor Theodosius II (R
A game of power Courtly influence on the decision-making of emperor Theodosius II (r. 408-450) Research Master Thesis Supervisor: Prof. Dr. L.V. Rutgers Consulting reader: Dr. R. Strootman RMA Ancient, Medieval and Renaissance Studies Utrecht University 16-06-2013 Emma Groeneveld [email protected] 3337707 1 Index Preface ................................................................................................................. 3 Introduction .......................................................................................................... 4 1. Court studies ..................................................................................................... 8 2. Theodosius ......................................................................................................20 3. High officials ....................................................................................................25 4. Eunuchs ..........................................................................................................40 5. Royal women ...................................................................................................57 6. Analysis ...........................................................................................................69 Conclusion ...........................................................................................................83 Bibliography.........................................................................................................86 Appendix I. ..........................................................................................................92 -
Calendar of Roman Events
Introduction Steve Worboys and I began this calendar in 1980 or 1981 when we discovered that the exact dates of many events survive from Roman antiquity, the most famous being the ides of March murder of Caesar. Flipping through a few books on Roman history revealed a handful of dates, and we believed that to fill every day of the year would certainly be impossible. From 1981 until 1989 I kept the calendar, adding dates as I ran across them. In 1989 I typed the list into the computer and we began again to plunder books and journals for dates, this time recording sources. Since then I have worked and reworked the Calendar, revising old entries and adding many, many more. The Roman Calendar The calendar was reformed twice, once by Caesar in 46 BC and later by Augustus in 8 BC. Each of these reforms is described in A. K. Michels’ book The Calendar of the Roman Republic. In an ordinary pre-Julian year, the number of days in each month was as follows: 29 January 31 May 29 September 28 February 29 June 31 October 31 March 31 Quintilis (July) 29 November 29 April 29 Sextilis (August) 29 December. The Romans did not number the days of the months consecutively. They reckoned backwards from three fixed points: The kalends, the nones, and the ides. The kalends is the first day of the month. For months with 31 days the nones fall on the 7th and the ides the 15th. For other months the nones fall on the 5th and the ides on the 13th. -
Birkbeck Institutional Research Online
Birkbeck ePrints BIROn - Birkbeck Institutional Research Online Enabling open access to Birkbeck’s published research output Cracking the codex: late Roman law in practice Journal Article http://eprints.bbk.ac.uk/4977 Version: Accepted (Refereed) Citation: Humfress, C. (2006) Cracking the codex: late Roman law in practice Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies 49(1), pp.241-254 © 2006 Wiley Blackwell Publisher Version ______________________________________________________________ All articles available through Birkbeck ePrints are protected by intellectual property law, including copyright law. Any use made of the contents should comply with the relevant law. ______________________________________________________________ Deposit Guide Contact: [email protected] Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies 49 (publ. 2007), 251-64. Cracking the Codex: Late Roman Legal Practice in context. Caroline Humfress, Birkbeck College Introduction. Sometime between the second and fourth decades of the fourth century AD (probably shortly after the year 324, but just possibly as late as 348) the advocate Ammon wrote a letter home to his Mother in Panopolis, a major city of the Thebaid.1 Despite his own stated preference for a ‘…quiet life free from intrigue (as) befits those educated in philosophy and rhetoric…’2, 1 P.Ammon I 3 = The Archive of Ammon Scholasticus of Panopolis I: The Legacy of Harpocration (Pap. Colon. XXVI/1), edd. W.H. Willis and K. Maresch (Opladen, 1997), 19-46, dating P. Ammon I 3 to AD 348. For full discussion of the letter and its literary context see P. Van Minnen, ‘The Letter (and Other Papers) of Ammon: Panopolis in the Fourth Century AD’ in Perspectives on Panopolis. -
On the Roman Frontier1
Rome and the Worlds Beyond Its Frontiers Impact of Empire Roman Empire, c. 200 B.C.–A.D. 476 Edited by Olivier Hekster (Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands) Editorial Board Lukas de Blois Angelos Chaniotis Ségolène Demougin Olivier Hekster Gerda de Kleijn Luuk de Ligt Elio Lo Cascio Michael Peachin John Rich Christian Witschel VOLUME 21 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/imem Rome and the Worlds Beyond Its Frontiers Edited by Daniëlle Slootjes and Michael Peachin LEIDEN | BOSTON This is an open access title distributed under the terms of the CC-BY-NC 4.0 License, which permits any non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. The Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available online at http://catalog.loc.gov LC record available at http://lccn.loc.gov/2016036673 Typeface for the Latin, Greek, and Cyrillic scripts: “Brill”. See and download: brill.com/brill-typeface. issn 1572-0500 isbn 978-90-04-32561-6 (hardback) isbn 978-90-04-32675-0 (e-book) Copyright 2016 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Brill Hes & De Graaf, Brill Nijhoff, Brill Rodopi and Hotei Publishing. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Koninklijke Brill NV provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. -
Notitia Dignitatum As a Historical Source
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by MURAL - Maynooth University Research Archive Library An Assessment of the Notitia Dignitatum as a Historical Source for the Late Roman Bureaucracy A thesis submitted by: Ruth O’Hara For the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Supervisor: Dr Michael Williams Head of Department: Dr. Kieran McGroarty Department of Ancient Classics National University of Ireland, Maynooth, October 2013 Contents Abstract 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................... 3 1.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................ 3 1.2 Approaching the Notitia Dignitatum ................................................................. 5 1.3 Conclusion ......................................................................................................... 10 2. The Notitia Dignitatum: Nature and Reception .................................................... 11 2.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................... 11 2.2 The nature of the Notitia Dignitatum .............................................................. 11 2.2.1 The nature of the text .................................................................................. 13 2.3 Dating ................................................................................................................ 17 2.3.1 The -
The Code of Our Lord the Most Holy Emperor Justinian
THE CODE OF OUR LORD THE MOST HOLY EMPEROR JUSTINIAN. SECOND EDITION. BOOK VIII. TITLE I. CONCERNING INTERDICTS. 1. The Emperor Alexander to Evocatus. As you allege that the roots of trees planted on the neighboring land of Agathangelus threaten the safety of your house, the Governor, by virtue of the edicts published by the Praetor, and which begin as follows, "If the tree extends over the house of another," or "If it projects over the field of another," and it is proved to those who have charge of such matters that no injury can be caused to the neighbor by said trees, the question will be decided as justice requires. Published on the sixth of the Kalends of April, during the Consulate of Julian, Consul for the second time, and Crispinus. 2. The Emperors Valerian and Gallienus to Messia. The Governor of the province cannot, even by means of an interdict, proceed against a person who is not a resident of the province. Published on the seventh of the Kalends of May, during the Consulate of Secularis and Donatus, 261. 3. The Emperors Diocletian and Maximian, and the Cassars, to Pompeianus, Prsetorian Prefect. It is a well-known rule of law that where legal proceedings have been instituted with reference to the possession or ownership of property, the question of possession must first be determined by a proper action, and after this has been done, the proof of the disputed ownership shall be required of him who was defeated in the case involving possession. But although interdicts are not properly applicable in extraordinary proceedings, still a case of this kind must be decided in the same manner. -
The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire: Volume II by Edward Gibbon
HISTORY OF THE DECLINE AND FALL OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE By Edward Gibbon VOLUME II This is volume two of the six volumes of Edward Gibbon's History Of The Decline And Fall Of The Roman Empire. I will be scanning and putting out on the net the remaining five volumes as I find time to do this. So have patience. If you find any errors please feel free to notify me of them. I want to make this the best etext edition possible for both scholars and the general public. [email protected] and [email protected] are my email addresses for now. Please feel free to send me your comments and I hope you enjoy this. David Reed History Of The Decline And Fall Of The Roman Empire Edward Gibbon, Esq. With notes by the Rev. H. H. Milman Vol. 2 1782 (Written), 1845 (Revised) Chapter XVI: Conduct Towards The Christians, From Nero To Constantine. Part I. Note: The sixteenth chapter I cannot help considering as a very ingenious and specious, but very disgraceful extenuation of the cruelties perpetrated by the Roman magistrates against the Christians. It is written in the most contemptibly factious spirit of prejudice against the sufferers; it is unworthy of a philosopher and of humanity. Let the narrative of Cyprian's death be examined. He had to relate the murder of an innocent man of advanced age, and in a station deemed venerable by a considerable body of the provincials of Africa, put to death because he refused to sacrifice to Jupiter. Instead of pointing the indignation of posterity against such an atrocious act of tyranny, he dwells, with visible art, on the small circumstances of decorum and politeness which attended this murder, and which he relates with as much parade as if they were the most important particulars of the event. -
Download Free at ISBN 978‑1‑909646‑72‑8 (PDF Edition) DOI: 10.14296/917.9781909646728
Ravenna its role in earlier medieval change and exchange Ravenna its role in earlier medieval change and exchange Edited by Judith Herrin and Jinty Nelson LONDON INSTITUTE OF HISTORICAL RESEARCH Published by UNIVERSITY OF LONDON SCHOOL OF ADVANCED STUDY INSTITUTE OF HISTORICAL RESEARCH Senate House, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HU First published in print in 2016 (ISBN 978‑1‑909646‑14‑8) This book is published under a Creative Commons Attribution‑ NonCommercial‑NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY‑ NCND 4.0) license. More information regarding CC licenses is available at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/ Available to download free at http://www.humanities‑digital‑library.org ISBN 978‑1‑909646‑72‑8 (PDF edition) DOI: 10.14296/917.9781909646728 iv Contents Acknowledgements vii List of contributors ix List of illustrations xiii Abbreviations xvii Introduction 1 Judith Herrin and Jinty Nelson 1. A tale of two cities: Rome and Ravenna under Gothic rule 15 Peter Heather 2. Episcopal commemoration in late fifth‑century Ravenna 39 Deborah M. Deliyannis 3. Production, promotion and reception: the visual culture of Ravenna between late antiquity and the middle ages 53 Maria Cristina Carile 4. Ravenna in the sixth century: the archaeology of change 87 Carola Jäggi 5. The circulation of marble in the Adriatic Sea at the time of Justinian 111 Yuri A. Marano 6. Social instability and economic decline of the Ostrogothic community in the aftermath of the imperial victory: the papyri evidence 133 Salvatore Cosentino 7. A striking evolution: the mint of Ravenna during the early middle ages 151 Vivien Prigent 8. Roman law in Ravenna 163 Simon Corcoran 9. -
The Code of Our Lord the Most Sacred Emperor Justinian
THE CODE OF OUR LORD THE MOST SACRED EMPEROR JUSTINIAN. SECOND EDITION. BOOK I. TITLE I. CONCERNING THE MOST EXALTED TRINITY AND THE CATHOLIC FAITH, AND PROVIDING THAT NO ONE SHALL DARE TO PUBLICLY OPPOSE THEM. 1. The Emperors Gratian, Valentinian, and Theodosius to the people of the City of Constantinople. We desire that all peoples subject to Our benign Empire shall live under the same religion that the Divine Peter, the Apostle, gave to the Romans, and which the said religion declares was introduced by himself, and which it is well known that the Pontiff Damasus, and Peter, Bishop of Alexandria, a man of apostolic sanctity, embraced; that is to say, in accordance with the rules of apostolic discipline and the evangelical doctrine, we should believe that the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit constitute a single Deity, endowed with equal majesty, and united in the Holy Trinity. (1) We order all those who follow this law to assume the name of Catholic Christians, and considering others as demented and insane, We order that they shall bear the infamy of heresy; and when the Divine vengeance which they merit has been appeased, they shall afterwards be punished in accordance with Our resentment, which we have acquired from the judgment of Heaven. Dated at Thessalonica, on the third of the Kalends of March, during the Consulate of Gratian, Consul for the fifth time, and Theodosius. 2. The Same Emperors to Eutropius, Prætorian Prefect. Let no place be afforded to heretics for the conduct of their ceremonies, and let no occasion be offered for them to display the insanity of their obstinate minds. -
Chalcedon – the Treachery That Split Christendom Into Two
Chalcedon – The Treachery that Split Christendom into two. 2010 Why the Council? The events that brought about the Council of Chalcedon are extremely complex and to make any reasonable attempt to understand how such a travesty could take place it is necessary to consider the circumstances that lead up to this historical meeting. Prior to the Council of Chalcedon there arose two main heresies that were condemned by the Church in the Councils held after Nicea, “Nestorianism”1 and “Eutychianism”.2 When “Nestorianism”, the first of these two heresies appeared Eutyches, a monk of the Church of Constantinople opposed the teachings of Nestorius so passionately that in his attempts to eliminate the heresy, he himself fell from true faith and denied the human nature of Christ. This was reported to Flavianus the bishop of Constantinople who wrote to Eutyches to explain his error and to instruct him not to continue in this teaching. Flavianus was made aware that Eutyches had written to Leo, the Roman Pope so he wrote to Leo as well. Leo responded by writing what is known as the “Tome of Leo” or a study of the dogma in question showing what some called a distinct leaning towards the heresy of “Nestorianism”. When his attempts to stop Eutyches failed, Flavianus called a local Council at Constantinople to consider the case of Eutyches and the controversial issue, which was gaining momentum partly due to all the attention it was receiving. After ignoring the first two summonses to attend, Eutyches finally arrived at the Council during its seventh session where he was immediately accused in reference to his heretical teachings by the bishop of Dorylaeum. -
Episcopal Succession in Constantinople (381–450 C.E.): the Local Dynamics of Power
Episcopal Succession in Constantinople (381–450 C.E.): The Local Dynamics of Power PETER VAN NUFFELEN Research on episcopal succession has tended to focus on the social back- ground of bishops, the role played by individual charisma, and church canons governing elections. Such studies have identified regional differences, especially between the eastern and the western parts of the Roman Empire. Through a comparison of three communities in Theodosian Constantinople (Novatians, Eunomians, and Nicenes), this paper argues that succession patterns also reflect the sociological structure of each community and the local balance of power, two factors that are shown to be closely interlocked. Especially the role of the local church establishment, which attempts to keep control over succes- sion against imperial intervention and popular opinion, is shown to be vital. The form this establishment takes depends on the specific social and political situation each community finds itself in, as well as its theological views. Such a local perspective is an important corrective to generalizations about episcopal successions in late antiquity. No case needs to be made for the importance of the bishop in late antiquity, identified by scholars as one of the key figures of authority in this period. A growing body of scholarship has explored the various aspects—religious, political, social, and legal—of the bishop’s role.1 A sound understanding of how one could acquire that position is therefore crucial. Although individ- ual cases have often been studied in accounts of their lives, a comprehensive I dedicate this paper to my teacher, Professor Hans Hauben, now enjoying the negotium of retirement. -
From Romans to Goths and Franks
University of Texas Rio Grande Valley ScholarWorks @ UTRGV History Faculty Publications and Presentations College of Liberal Arts 2017 Shifting Ethnic Identities in Spain and Gaul, 500-700: From Romans to Goths and Franks Erica Buchberger The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.utrgv.edu/hist_fac Part of the History Commons, and the Medieval Studies Commons Recommended Citation Buchberger, E. (2017). Shifting Ethnic Identities in Spain and Gaul, 500–700: From Romans to Goths and Franks. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press. doi:10.2307/j.ctt1pk3jrb This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the College of Liberal Arts at ScholarWorks @ UTRGV. It has been accepted for inclusion in History Faculty Publications and Presentations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks @ UTRGV. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Shifting Ethnic Identities in Spain and Gaul, 500-700: From Romans to Goths and Franks Erica Buchberger 1 Contents Acknowledgements ......................................................................................................................... 5 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 7 Scholarly Tradition ...................................................................................................................... 8 Applying This Method ..............................................................................................................