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Revue Musicale REVUE MUSICALE OPÉRA : La Damnation de Faust, en ballet. Hector Berlioz avait tout juste trente ans quand lui vint l'idée d'écrire plusieurs morceaux d'après la légende dramatique de Faust de Goethe. Au cours de ses nombreux voyages à l'étranger, il les réunit sous le titre de La Damnation de Faust, qui est devenu le chef-d'œuvre de la musique romantique. L'ouvrage fut donné pour la première fois, en opéra de concert, comme un oratorio, dans la salle de l'Opéra-Comique, sous la direction de l'auteur qui avait choisi d'excellents interprètes : Mme Duflot-Maillard (Marguerite) et deux chanteurs réputés à cette époque, le ténor Roger (Faust) et le baryton Hermann-Léon (Méphisto). Puis il présenta son œuvre en Russie, à Saint-Pétersbourg et Riga, en Allemagne à Berlin et enfin à Londres, toujours avec un succès considérable d'auteur, de compositeur et de chef d'orchestre... Les musiciens de ma génération se souviennent des magnifiques exécutions que donna Edouard Colonne de la partition de Berlioz, à ses concerts dominicaux du Châtelet, pendant un quart de siècle ; il avait formé un groupe de chanteurs réputés : Mlle Marcella Prégy en Marguerite, le ténor Emile Cazeneuve dans le rôle de Faust et le baryton Lauwers, vaillant interprète de Méphisto. Chose curieuse, c'est un Kapellmeister d'outre-Rhin, Félix Weingartner, qui en donna pour un gala la première audition, tou• jours de concert, dans la salle de l'Opéra : il avait choisi des interprètes jeunes et ardents : Lucienne Bréval, la plus belle des Marguerite, le ténor Plamoudon, les basses Delmas et Nivette. Ce fut un triomphe. Plus près de nous Paul Vidal donnait La Damnation aux concerts de l'Opéra, créés en 1896 par le directeur Pedro Cailhard, avec Lucienne Bréval que secondait le ténor Alvarez et le baryton Maurice Renaud : je crois bien que cette remarquable interprétation fut rarement égalée ! Quand, sur la scène de Monte-Carlo, Raoul Gunsbourg transporta l'œuvre au théâtre, ce fut un toile général. « Haro sur le baudet », criait-on à Gunsbourg qui, avec la complicité de son chef d'orchestre Léon Jénin n'avait pas craint de modifier le texte et même la musique de Berlioz ! 606 REVUE MUSICALE Aujourd'hui le metteur en scène Maurice Béjart a transformé l'œuvre en ballet : il en a réglé à la fois la mise en scène et la choré• graphie. C'est une tentative quelque peu audacieuse qui n'aura pas l'approbation des admirateurs de Berlioz. Ainsi la Danse des Sylphes, page ravissante de couleur claire, légère, impalpable, est en quelque sorte étouffée par le tumulte que font les ballerines. D'autre part, quand Mlle Monteil chante l'air admirable « d'amour l'ardente flamme » elle est entourée d'un groupe de jeunes femmes qui vire• voltent... pourquoi ? M. Igor Markévitch n'est guère à son aise à la tête d'un orchestre où règne un mezzo-forte perpétuel : il en résulte une impression de grande monotonie. Citerai-je le double chœur des étudiants et des soldats ! Ce morceau d'une écriture vocale surprenante est entièrement perdu dans l'éloignement : les artistes des chœurs entassés derrière des créneaux moyenâgeux (!) chantent bien mollement. A notre époque de « dansomanie » presque maniaque, tout cela n'est guère surprenant. L'opéra serait-il devenu le monde à l'envers ? Pour finir sur une anecdote. Au moment où Berlioz composait sa partition il travaillait en vue d'obtenir le Grand Prix de Rome sans beaucoup de succès. Ayant rencontré un de ses juges, Boieldieu, auteur de La Dame Blanche, Berlioz lui demanda quelle était la réaction du jury à son égard. Alors, de sa voix la plus onctueuse, le bon apôtre lui dit en souriant : « Vous voyez, mon cher ami, vous écrivez de la musique assourdissante, fracassante. A l'Institut, nous aimons la musique douce, aimable, qui nous charme, une musique berçant nos vieilles oreilles... songez-y, songez-y, mon ami, lui dit Boieldieu en le menaçant gentiment de l'annulaire de sa petite main rose et potelée !... » Or, Berlioz obtint le grand Prix avec sa cantate de Sardanapak qui n'était pas précisément la musique douce, berçante que réclamait Boieldieu. HENRI BUSSER. .
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