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Recent and Future Developments of GNU MPFR
Recent and future developments of GNU MPFR Paul Zimmermann iRRAM/MPFR/MPC workshop, Dagstuhl, April 18, 2018 The GNU MPFR library • a software implementation of binary IEEE-754 • variable/arbitrary precision (up to the limits of your computer) • each variable has its own precision: mpfr_init2 (a, 35) • global user-defined exponent range (might be huge): mpfr_set_emin (-123456789) • mixed-precision operations: a b − c where a has 35 bits, b has 42 bits, c has 17 bits • correctly rounded mathematical functions (exp; log; sin; cos; :::) as in Section 9 of IEEE 754-2008 2 History I 2000: first public version; I 2008: MPFR is used by GCC 4.3.0 for constant folding: double x = sin (3.14); I 2009: MPFR becomes GNU MPFR; I 2016: 4th developer meeting in Toulouse. I Dec 2017: release 4.0.0 I mpfr.org/pub.html mentions 2 books, 27 PhD theses, 63 papers citing MPFR I Apr 2018: iRRAM/MPFR/MPC developer meeting in Dagstuhl 3 MPFR is used by SageMath SageMath version 8.1, Release Date: 2017-12-07 Type "notebook()" for the browser-based notebook interface. Type "help()" for help. sage: x=1/7; a=10^-8; b=2^24 sage: RealIntervalField(24)(x+a*sin(b*x)) [0.142857119 .. 0.142857150] 4 Representation of MPFR numbers (mpfr_t) I precision p ≥ 1 (in bits); I sign (−1 or +1); I exponent (between Emin and Emax), also used to represent special numbers (NaN, ±∞, ±0); I significand (array of dp=64e limbs), defined only for regular numbers (neither NaN, nor ±∞ and ±0, which are singular values). -
Glibc and System Calls Documentation Release 1.0
Glibc and System Calls Documentation Release 1.0 Rishi Agrawal <[email protected]> Dec 28, 2017 Contents 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Acknowledgements...........................................1 2 Basics of a Linux System 3 2.1 Introduction...............................................3 2.2 Programs and Compilation........................................3 2.3 Libraries.................................................7 2.4 System Calls...............................................7 2.5 Kernel.................................................. 10 2.6 Conclusion................................................ 10 2.7 References................................................ 11 3 Working with glibc 13 3.1 Introduction............................................... 13 3.2 Why this chapter............................................. 13 3.3 What is glibc .............................................. 13 3.4 Download and extract glibc ...................................... 14 3.5 Walkthrough glibc ........................................... 14 3.6 Reading some functions of glibc ................................... 17 3.7 Compiling and installing glibc .................................... 18 3.8 Using new glibc ............................................ 21 3.9 Conclusion................................................ 23 4 System Calls On x86_64 from User Space 25 4.1 Setting Up Arguements......................................... 25 4.2 Calling the System Call......................................... 27 4.3 Retrieving the Return Value...................................... -
Meeting Agenda 4:30 – 6:00 PM, Wednesday, Nov 2Nd, 2016 Lyons Town Hall
Meeting Agenda 4:30 – 6:00 PM, Wednesday, Nov 2nd, 2016 Lyons Town Hall I. Roll Call, Agenda, Minutes • Amendments to Agenda • Approve Minutes from Oct 19th • UEB Officers and Member Lead Areas • Upcoming Meetings - Nov 12, 2016 9 AM or 1 PM - Lyons Boards and Commissions Training - Lyons Nov 9. 8 AM - Northern Water Fall Water Users Meeting - Longmont, Best Western 1850 Industrial Cir. Dec 2nd - CAMU Fall Meeting - Fairfield & Woods in Denver, CO II. Audience Business III. Liaison Updates • Board of Trustees Update - MEAN meeting Report • Staff, Engineering Update - Honeywell Savings Gaurantee IV. Continued Business ● Town Utility Account tracking V. New Business ● Water/Wastewater Rate and CIP Study Presentation RG & Assoc. VI. Parking Lot • 2017 Utility FUnd Budget, Pipe Water rates for 2017 Budget, • Reserve/Rate Stabilization Funds • Wastewater Pretreatment Policy • LRAP INF 2.2.1 • Municipal Code Corrections UEB Meeting Minutes, 19 Oct 2016 Meeting Time and Location: Began at 4:30 at Town Hall. Attendance:, Aaron Caplan, Lee Hall, Coco Gordon, John Cowdry, Chuck Keim, Dan Reitz, Jay Stott Staff: Kyle Miller Liaisons: Guests: Amendments to Agenda: Welcomed Jay Stott as the newest member of the UEB. Previous Minutes: . Reviewed and modified Oct 5th Minutes under Water Wastewater CIP to add “Areas where there is no looping of the water mains need looping. It was emphasized to try and coordinate getting water, and wastewater done first in areas that need paving.” Aaron had not followed up with Parks and Rec to find out if they were budgeting for water usage. He would do so. Then approved minutes. -
What Are the Problems with Embedded Linux?
What Are the Problems with Embedded Linux? Every Operating System Has Benefits and Drawbacks Linux is ubiquitous. It runs most internet servers, is inside Android* smartphones, and is used on millions of embedded systems that, in the past, ran Real-Time Operating Systems (RTOSes). Linux can (and should) be used were possible for embedded projects, but while it gives you extreme choice, it also presents the risk of extreme complexity. What, then, are the trade-offs between embedded Linux and an RTOS? In this article, we cover some key considerations when evaluating Linux for a new development: ■ Design your system architecture first ■ What is Linux? ■ Linux vs. RTOSes ■ Free software is about liberty—not price ■ How much does Embedded Linux cost? ■ Why pay for Embedded Linux? ■ Should you buy Embedded Linux or roll-your-own (RYO)? ■ To fork or not to fork? ■ Software patching ■ Open source licensing ■ Making an informed decision The important thing is not whether Linux or an RTOS is “the best,” but whether either operating system—or both together—makes the most technical and financial sense for your project. We hope this article helps you make an informed decision. Design Your System Architecture First It is important to design your system architecture first—before choosing either Linux or an RTOS—because both choices can limit architectural freedom. You may discover that aspects of your design require neither Linux nor an RTOS, making your design a strong candidate for a heterogeneous approach that includes one or more bare-metal environments (with possibly a Linux and/or RTOS environment as well). -
Stackable Lcc/Lcd Oven Instruction Manual
C-195 P/N 156452 REVISION W 12/2007 STACKABLE LCC/LCD OVEN INSTRUCTION MANUAL Model Atmosphere Volts Amps Hz Heater Phase Watts LCC/D1-16-3 Air 240 14.8 50/60 3,000 1 LCC/D1-16N-3 Nitrogen 240 14.0 50/60 3,000 1 LCC/D1-51-3 Air 240 27.7 50/60 6,000 1 LCC/D1-51N-3 Nitrogen 240 27.7 50/60 6,000 1 Model numbers may include a “V” for silicone free construction. Model numbers may begin with the designation LL *1-*, indicating Models without HEPA filter. Prepared by: Despatch Industries 8860 207 th St. West Lakeville, MN 55044 Customer Service 800-473-7373 NOTICE Users of this equipment must comply with operating procedures and training of operation personnel as required by the Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) of 1970, Section 6 and relevant safety standards, as well as other safety rules and regulations of state and local governments. Refer to the relevant safety standards in OSHA and National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), section 86 of 1990. CAUTION Setup and maintenance of the equipment should be performed by qualified personnel who are experienced in handling all facets of this type of system. Improper setup and operation of this equipment could cause an explosion that may result in equipment damage, personal injury or possible death. Dear Customer, Thank you for choosing Despatch Industries. We appreciate the opportunity to work with you and to meet your heat processing needs. We believe that you have selected the finest equipment available in the heat processing industry. -
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 Developer Guide
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 Developer Guide An introduction to application development tools in Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 Dave Brolley William Cohen Roland Grunberg Aldy Hernandez Karsten Hopp Jakub Jelinek Developer Guide Jeff Johnston Benjamin Kosnik Aleksander Kurtakov Chris Moller Phil Muldoon Andrew Overholt Charley Wang Kent Sebastian Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 Developer Guide An introduction to application development tools in Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 Edition 0 Author Dave Brolley [email protected] Author William Cohen [email protected] Author Roland Grunberg [email protected] Author Aldy Hernandez [email protected] Author Karsten Hopp [email protected] Author Jakub Jelinek [email protected] Author Jeff Johnston [email protected] Author Benjamin Kosnik [email protected] Author Aleksander Kurtakov [email protected] Author Chris Moller [email protected] Author Phil Muldoon [email protected] Author Andrew Overholt [email protected] Author Charley Wang [email protected] Author Kent Sebastian [email protected] Editor Don Domingo [email protected] Editor Jacquelynn East [email protected] Copyright © 2010 Red Hat, Inc. and others. The text of and illustrations in this document are licensed by Red Hat under a Creative Commons Attribution–Share Alike 3.0 Unported license ("CC-BY-SA"). An explanation of CC-BY-SA is available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/. In accordance with CC-BY-SA, if you distribute this document or an adaptation of it, you must provide the URL for the original version. Red Hat, as the licensor of this document, waives the right to enforce, and agrees not to assert, Section 4d of CC-BY-SA to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law. -
Chapter 4 Programming in Perl
Chapter 4 Programming in Perl 4.1 More on built-in functions in Perl There are many built-in functions in Perl, and even more are available as modules (see section 4.4) that can be downloaded from various Internet places. Some built-in functions have already been used in chapter 3.1 and some of these and some others will be described in more detail here. 4.1.1 split and join (+ qw, x operator, \here docs", .=) 1 #!/usr/bin/perl 2 3 $sequence = ">|SP:Q62671|RATTUS NORVEGICUS|"; 4 5 @parts = split '\|', $sequence; 6 for ( $i = 0; $i < @parts; $i++ ) { 7 print "Substring $i: $parts[$i]\n"; 8 } • split is used to split a string into an array of substrings. The program above will write out Substring 0: > Substring 1: SP:Q62671 Substring 2: RATTUS NORVEGICUS • The first argument of split specifies a regular expression, while the second is the string to be split. • The string is scanned for occurrences of the regexp which are taken to be the boundaries between the sub-strings. 57 58 CHAPTER 4. PROGRAMMING IN PERL • The parts of the string which are matched with the regexp are not included in the substrings. • Also empty substrings are extracted. Note, however that trailing empty strings are removed by default. • Note that the | character needs to be escaped in the example above, since it is a special character in a regexp. • split returns an array and since an array can be assigned to a list we can write: splitfasta.ply 1 #!/usr/bin/perl 2 3 $sequence=">|SP:Q62671|RATTUS NORVEGICUS|"; 4 5 ($marker, $code, $species) = split '\|', $sequence; 6 ($dummy, $acc) = split ':', $code; 7 print "This FastA sequence comes from the species $species\n"; 8 print "and has accession number $acc.\n"; splitfasta.ply • It is not uncommon that we want to write out long pieces of text using many print statements. -
Modern Programming Languages CS508 Virtual University of Pakistan
Modern Programming Languages (CS508) VU Modern Programming Languages CS508 Virtual University of Pakistan Leaders in Education Technology 1 © Copyright Virtual University of Pakistan Modern Programming Languages (CS508) VU TABLE of CONTENTS Course Objectives...........................................................................................................................4 Introduction and Historical Background (Lecture 1-8)..............................................................5 Language Evaluation Criterion.....................................................................................................6 Language Evaluation Criterion...................................................................................................15 An Introduction to SNOBOL (Lecture 9-12).............................................................................32 Ada Programming Language: An Introduction (Lecture 13-17).............................................45 LISP Programming Language: An Introduction (Lecture 18-21)...........................................63 PROLOG - Programming in Logic (Lecture 22-26) .................................................................77 Java Programming Language (Lecture 27-30)..........................................................................92 C# Programming Language (Lecture 31-34) ...........................................................................111 PHP – Personal Home Page PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor (Lecture 35-37)........................129 Modern Programming Languages-JavaScript -
The Lcc 4.X Code-Generation Interface
The lcc 4.x Code-Generation Interface Christopher W. Fraser and David R. Hanson Microsoft Research [email protected] [email protected] July 2001 Technical Report MSR-TR-2001-64 Abstract Lcc is a widely used compiler for Standard C described in A Retargetable C Compiler: Design and Implementation. This report details the lcc 4.x code- generation interface, which defines the interaction between the target- independent front end and the target-dependent back ends. This interface differs from the interface described in Chap. 5 of A Retargetable C Com- piler. Additional infomation about lcc is available at http://www.cs.princ- eton.edu/software/lcc/. Microsoft Research Microsoft Corporation One Microsoft Way Redmond, WA 98052 http://www.research.microsoft.com/ The lcc 4.x Code-Generation Interface 1. Introduction Lcc is a widely used compiler for Standard C described in A Retargetable C Compiler [1]. Version 4.x is the current release of lcc, and it uses a different code-generation interface than the inter- face described in Chap. 5 of Reference 1. This report details the 4.x interface. Lcc distributions are available at http://www.cs.princeton.edu/software/lcc/ along with installation instruc- tions [2]. The code generation interface specifies the interaction between lcc’s target-independent front end and target-dependent back ends. The interface consists of a few shared data structures, a 33-operator language, which encodes the executable code from a source program in directed acyclic graphs, or dags, and 18 functions, that manipulate or modify dags and other shared data structures. On most targets, implementations of many of these functions are very simple. -
About ILE C/C++ Compiler Reference
IBM i 7.3 Programming IBM Rational Development Studio for i ILE C/C++ Compiler Reference IBM SC09-4816-07 Note Before using this information and the product it supports, read the information in “Notices” on page 121. This edition applies to IBM® Rational® Development Studio for i (product number 5770-WDS) and to all subsequent releases and modifications until otherwise indicated in new editions. This version does not run on all reduced instruction set computer (RISC) models nor does it run on CISC models. This document may contain references to Licensed Internal Code. Licensed Internal Code is Machine Code and is licensed to you under the terms of the IBM License Agreement for Machine Code. © Copyright International Business Machines Corporation 1993, 2015. US Government Users Restricted Rights – Use, duplication or disclosure restricted by GSA ADP Schedule Contract with IBM Corp. Contents ILE C/C++ Compiler Reference............................................................................... 1 What is new for IBM i 7.3.............................................................................................................................3 PDF file for ILE C/C++ Compiler Reference.................................................................................................5 About ILE C/C++ Compiler Reference......................................................................................................... 7 Prerequisite and Related Information.................................................................................................. -
Embedded Linux Systems with the Yocto Project™
OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT SERIES Embedded Linux Systems with the Yocto Project" FREE SAMPLE CHAPTER SHARE WITH OTHERS �f, � � � � Embedded Linux Systems with the Yocto ProjectTM This page intentionally left blank Embedded Linux Systems with the Yocto ProjectTM Rudolf J. Streif Boston • Columbus • Indianapolis • New York • San Francisco • Amsterdam • Cape Town Dubai • London • Madrid • Milan • Munich • Paris • Montreal • Toronto • Delhi • Mexico City São Paulo • Sidney • Hong Kong • Seoul • Singapore • Taipei • Tokyo Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and the publisher was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed with initial capital letters or in all capitals. The author and publisher have taken care in the preparation of this book, but make no expressed or implied warranty of any kind and assume no responsibility for errors or omissions. No liability is assumed for incidental or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of the use of the information or programs contained herein. For information about buying this title in bulk quantities, or for special sales opportunities (which may include electronic versions; custom cover designs; and content particular to your business, training goals, marketing focus, or branding interests), please contact our corporate sales depart- ment at [email protected] or (800) 382-3419. For government sales inquiries, please contact [email protected]. For questions about sales outside the U.S., please contact [email protected]. Visit us on the Web: informit.com Cataloging-in-Publication Data is on file with the Library of Congress. -
Introduction to Embedded C
INTRODUCTION TO EMBEDDED C by Peter J. Vidler Introduction The aim of this course is to teach software development skills, using the C programming language. C is an old language, but one that is still widely used, especially in embedded systems, where it is valued as a high- level language that provides simple access to hardware. Learning C also helps us to learn general software development, as many of the newer languages have borrowed from its concepts and syntax in their design. Course Structure and Materials This document is intended to form the basis of a self-study course that provides a simple introduction to C as it is used in embedded systems. It introduces some of the key features of the C language, before moving on to some more advanced features such as pointers and memory allocation. Throughout this document we will also look at exercises of varying length and difficulty, which you should attempt before continuing. To help with this we will be using the free RapidiTTy® Lite IDE and targeting the TTE®32 microprocessor core, primarily using a cycle-accurate simulator. If you have access to an FPGA development board, such as the Altera® DE2-70, then you will be able to try your code out in hardware. In addition to this document, you may wish to use a textbook, such as “C in a Nutshell”. Note that these books — while useful and well written — will rarely cover C as it is used in embedded systems, and so will differ from this course in some areas. Copyright © 2010, TTE Systems Limited 1 Getting Started with RapidiTTy Lite RapidiTTy Lite is a professional IDE capable of assisting in the development of high- reliability embedded systems.