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FINAL EXAM Crustal Deformation • NOON TO 2 PM, TUESDAY DEC. 5 • HERE: Natural Science 101 Reading: Chapter 10 • BRING A SCAN TRON Pages 283-304 • TURN IN YOUR REVIEW QUESTIONS BEFORE THE TEST, PICK UP WHEN Review Questions 4, 6, 7, 10, 12, YOU ARE DONE WITH THE TEST 15, 18, 20 • IF YOU WANT YOUR RESULTS, E-MAIL ME AND REQUEST YOUR GRADE

Plate Tectonic Settings and Magma Plate Tectonic Settings and Magma

• The type of magma generated in different • Where plates CONVERGE, water is driven plate tectonic settings is different off the subducting plate, and added to the • DIVERGENT PLATES and overlying lithosphere MANTLE PLUMES produce magma by • This water acts as a FLUX to reduce the partial melting of mantle material due to melting temperature, and cause hot solid pressure release to melt without a change in temperature • This magma is BASALTIC (mafic) in chemical composition, and the resulting • The lithosphere here is continental (granitic) volcanism has distinct characteristics. in character, and the magma generated is GRANITIC (felsic) in chemical composition.

Ductile and brittle deformation Isoclinal folds

http www.geology.wisc.edu/courses/g112/lecture3.html :// http://www.uwsp.edu/geo/faculty/hefferan/geol320/folds.html

1 folds Mountain of folds

http://www-class.unl.edu/geol101i/09_structural.htm

Names of types

http://www.whbschools.org/Teachers/Cohen/sciweb/earthscience/geologichistory/folding.htm

Tight v folds

http://www.uwsp.edu/geo/faculty/hefferan/geol320/folds.html

2 San Rafael Swell monocline Recumbent

http://home.barton.ac.uk/curriculum/sc_env/geology/Structural%20Geology/RecumAnt.htm http://www.eas.purdue.edu/physproc/HTM%20Files/monoclines.htm

Plunging fold geometry Plunging fold outcrop pattern

Sheep mtn: doubly plunging Plunging anticline anicline

http://www.geology.wisc.edu/~rschott/g112/lecture3.html

http://www.geosciences.ou.edu/~msoreg/structure/structureintro.html

3 Geologic map of the US Valley and Ridge Province

http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/of00-443/

http://tapestry.usgs.gov/features/06valleyridge.html

Black hills Drawing of Black Hills

http://tapestry.usgs.gov/features/16blackhills.html http://www.dakotamatrix.com/South_Dakota_Geology.asp

Michigan Basin Small normal

http://www.aucegypt.edu/faculty/hamroush/CE331/CE331-%20Rock%20Deformation%20and%20Unconformities.htm

http://tapestry.usgs.gov/features/09michigan.html

4 Normal fault formation Normal fault

Small normal fault Normal faults

http www.geology.wisc.edu/courses/g112/lecture3.html http://www.uwsp.edu/geo/faculty/hefferan/geol320/normalfaults.html ://

Basin and Range Province Basin and range faulting

http://tapestry.usgs.gov/features/22basinrange.html

5 Detachment faulting Complex normal faulting

http://www.uwsp.edu/geo/faculty/hefferan/geol320/normalfaults.html http://www.uwsp.edu/geo/faculty/hefferan/geol320/normalfaults.html

East Humboldt Range Owens Valley graben

http://www.uwgb.edu/dutchs/EarthSC202Slides/EQKSLIDE.HTM http://www.uwgb.edu/dutchs/EarthSC202Slides/EQKSLIDE.HTM

scarp Reverse fault formation

http://www.geosci.unc.edu/faculty/glazner/Images/Structure/Faults.html

6 Reverse fault formation

http://www.uwsp.edu/geo/faculty/ritter/glossary/o_r/reverse_fault.html

small thrust fault Strike-slip fault formation

http://earth.leeds.ac.uk/assyntgeology/geology/deformation/gallery/thrust1.htm

San Andreas Fault System

Tectonics of western North America

7 Strike slip fault Offset stream

San Andreas Fault stream offset San Francisco offset

http://www.geology.wisc.edu/courses/g112/lecture3.html http://quake.wr.usgs.gov/info/1906/images/fenceoffset_big.html

San Andreas Fault orchard offset set in flat-lying sandstone

http://www.geology.wisc.edu/courses/g112/lecture3.html http://www.geology.wisc.edu/~maher/air/air05.htm

8 Single joint set Joints at Moab

http://maps.unomaha.edu/Maher/geo117/part3/structures/structureatlas.html

Bryce Canyon, Utah

http://www.ce.berkeley.edu/~nsitar/ce281/Sierra%20Nevada%202000/Attitude%20Measurement%20Lake%20Spaulding.jpg http://www.cs.biu.ac.il/~plot/USA/

Exfoliation jointing Exfoliation dome

http://www.ic.ucsc.edu/~casey/eart150/Lectures/Joints/JointsPics.html http://darkwing.uoregon.edu/~millerm/exjoints.html

9 Exfoliation joint formation Columnar joints

http://www.ic.ucsc.edu/~casey/eart150/Lectures/Joints/joints.htm http://www.ic.ucsc.edu/~casey/eart150/Lectures/Joints/joints.htm

Columnar tops Mt. Everest

http://www.wooster.edu/geology/bjordan/Iceland2003PK.html http://tlacaelel.igeofcu.unam.mx/~GeoD/colision/colision.html

Andes Mountains Alps

http://pubs.usgs.gov/publications/text/Nazca.html http://www.globalchange.umich.edu/globalchange1/current/lectures/topography/topography.html

10 Aleutians—from space Aleutians--oblique

http://home.earthlink.net/~patron9/ with permission of author tom bigley

Taken on the STS-56 shuttle mission, in April 1993. Image number: STS056-071-031 http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/Image:Aleutians-aerial.jpg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Aleutians-space.jpg

Aleutian type mountain building Ring of Fire

http://pubs.usgs.gov/publications/text/fire.html

Crustal thickening Andes

http://www.astro.uni-bonn.de/~maltmann/photgal_cz.html

11 Andes Southern South America

http://www.3dnworld.com/gallery.php?user=RPrato

http://worldwind.arc.nasa.gov/screenshots-bm.html

Passive margin

http://www.geo.arizona.edu/geo5xx/geo527/Andes/intro.html

Convergent margin Crustal thickening

12 Stages of orogenesis Alpine Himalayan

http://tlacaelel.igeofcu.unam.mx/~GeoD/colision/colision.html

Subduction of Tethys Seaway Himalaya topography

http://www.geo.cornell.edu/grads/duncan/topo/

India-Asia collision Topography of the world

http://pubs.usgs.gov/publications/text/understanding.html#anchor4665685 http://piru.alexandria.ucsb.edu/collections/geography3b/dar/WEEK3/week3.html

13 Hokkaido, Japan Ancestral Atlantic closing

http://astroa.physics.metu.edu.tr/Astronom/EARTH/PIA02751.HTM

Suture of Africa to North America Madagascar

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/gamma/cosm_plan.html

http://astroa.physics.metu.edu.tr/Astronom/IEARTH.HTM

Western Submerged oceanic plateaus North America

• Accreted

14 Extension of Western North Detached sinking oceanic America lithosphere

Grand Tetons North American mountain belts

isostasy Isostasy principle

http://parautochthon.com/100584/155607.html?*session*id*key*=*session*id*val*

15 Crustal due to Unloading by allows mountain building isostatic rebound

http://piru.alexandria.ucsb.edu/collections/geography3b/dar/WEEK3/week3.html http://piru.alexandria.ucsb.edu/collections/geography3b/dar/WEEK3/week3.html

Deposited sediments locally loads Extreme uplift due to compression margin

http://piru.alexandria.ucsb.edu/collections/geography3b/dar/WEEK3/week3.html

Ductile spreading after uplift

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