Nitrogen Dynamics in Wetland Systems and Its Impact on Biodiversity
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Nitrobacter As an Indicator of Toxicity in Wastewater
State Water Survey Division WATER QUALITY SECTION AT Illinois Department of PEORIA, ILLINOIS Energy and Natural Resources SWS Contract Report 326 NITROBACTER AS AN INDICATOR OF TOXICITY IN WASTEWATER by Wuncheng Wang and Paula Reed Prepared for and funded by the Illinois Department of Energy and Natural Resources September 1983 CONTENTS PAGE Abstract 1 Introduction 1 Scope of study 3 Acknowledgments 3 Literature review 3 Microbial nitrification 3 Influence of toxicants on nitrification 5 Materials and methods 10 Culture 10 Methods 11 Results 12 Preliminary tests 13 Metal toxicity 13 Organic compounds toxicity 16 Time effect 22 Discussion 22 References 27 NITROBACTER AS AN INDICATOR OF TOXICITY IN WASTEWATER by Wuncheng Wang and Paula Reed ABSTRACT This report presents the results of a study of the use of Nitrobacter as an indicator of toxicity. Nitrobacter are strictly aerobic, autotrophic, and slow growing bacteria. Because they convert nitrite to nitrate, the effects that toxins have on them can be detected easily by monitoring changes in their nitrite consumption rate. The bacterial cultures were obtained from two sources — the Peoria and Princeton (Illinois) wastewater treatment plants — and tests were con• ducted to determine the effects on the cultures of inorganic ions and organic compounds. The inorganic ions included cadmium, copper, lead, and nickel. The organic compounds were phenol, chlorophenol (three derivatives), dichlo- rophenol (two derivatives), and trichlorophenol. The bioassay procedure is relatively simple and the results are repro• ducible . The effects of these chemical compounds on Nitrobacter were not dramatic. For example, of the compounds tested, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol was the most toxic to Nitrobacter. -
Contribution of Plant-Induced Pressurized Flow to CH4 Emission
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Contribution of plant‑induced pressurized fow to CH4 emission from a Phragmites fen Merit van den Berg2*, Eva van den Elzen2, Joachim Ingwersen1, Sarian Kosten 2, Leon P. M. Lamers 2 & Thilo Streck1 The widespread wetland species Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. has the ability to transport gases through its stems via a pressurized fow. This results in a high oxygen (O2) transport to the rhizosphere, suppressing methane (CH4) production and stimulating CH4 oxidation. Simultaneously CH4 is transported in the opposite direction to the atmosphere, bypassing the oxic surface layer. This raises the question how this plant-mediated gas transport in Phragmites afects the net CH4 emission. A feld experiment was set-up in a Phragmites‑dominated fen in Germany, to determine the contribution of all three gas transport pathways (plant-mediated, difusive and ebullition) during the growth stage of Phragmites from intact vegetation (control), from clipped stems (CR) to exclude the pressurized fow, and from clipped and sealed stems (CSR) to exclude any plant-transport. Clipping resulted in a 60% reduced difusive + plant-mediated fux (control: 517, CR: 217, CSR: −2 −1 279 mg CH4 m day ). Simultaneously, ebullition strongly increased by a factor of 7–13 (control: −2 −1 10, CR: 71, CSR: 126 mg CH4 m day ). This increase of ebullition did, however, not compensate for the exclusion of pressurized fow. Total CH4 emission from the control was 2.3 and 1.3 times higher than from CR and CSR respectively, demonstrating the signifcant role of pressurized gas transport in Phragmites‑stands. -
Design & Reporting Criteria for Reed Bed & Fen
DESIGN AND REPORTING CRITERIA FOR REED BED AND FEN RESTORATION IN MINERAL WORKINGS 1 R Neil Humphries and Roger Meade 2 Abstract. Hanson Quarry Products Europe and the statutory nature conservation body for England, English Nature (now Natural England), have a Partnership Agreement whereby Hanson in 2002 became the UK Habitats Champion for reed bed and fen recovery. Both reed bed and fen habitats are identified as a priority to halt their recent decline and to be enhanced and expanded in the UK Biodiversity Action Plan (BAP). The mineral extraction industry can significantly contribute to the 2010 national recovery targets. In 2003 English Nature commissioned, and subsequently published in 2007, 'Design & Reporting Criteria' to guide and facilitate the successful creation of reed bed, other swamp and fen vegetation as an after use of mineral extraction sites, and their subsequent reporting for inclusion in the national UK and local Habitat BAP inventories and audits. Reed bed is a specific type of open-water transition fen dominated by the common reed Phragmites australis and fen a generic term for this and other wetland types influenced by water that has been in contact with rock or soil. The term 'fen' embraces a very wide range of vegetation composition from low sedge and moss dominated to tall reed and tall-herb swamp types, and grading into the ‘wet’ end of meadows and woodland types. The scope for the creation of the various types of fen is dependent on a number of key physical factors (climate, hydrology, substrate (soils and geology) and fertility), but also in practice, land management and the availability of plant material. -
Wetlands of Saratoga County New York
Acknowledgments THIS BOOKLET I S THE PRODUCT Of THE work of many individuals. Although it is based on the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's National Wetlands Inventory (NWI), tlus booklet would not have been produced without the support and cooperation of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Patrick Pergola served as project coordinator for the wetlands inventory and Dan Montella was project coordinator for the preparation of this booklet. Ralph Tiner coordi nated the effort for the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS). Data compiled from the NWI serve as the foun dation for much of this report. Information on the wetland status for this area is the result of hard work by photointerpreters, mainly Irene Huber (University of Massachusetts) with assistance from D avid Foulis and Todd Nuerminger. Glenn Smith (FWS) provided quality control of the interpreted aerial photographs and draft maps and collected field data on wetland communities. Tim Post (N.Y. State D epartment of Environmental Conservation), John Swords (FWS), James Schaberl and Chris Martin (National Park Ser vice) assisted in the field and the review of draft maps. Among other FWS staff contributing to this effort were Kurt Snider, Greg Pipkin, Kevin Bon, Becky Stanley, and Matt Starr. The booklet was reviewed by several people including Kathleen Drake (EPA), G eorge H odgson (Saratoga County Environmental Management Council), John Hamilton (Soil and W ater Conserva tion District), Dan Spada (Adirondack Park Agency), Pat Riexinger (N.Y. State Department of Environ mental Conservation), Susan Essig (FWS), and Jen nifer Brady-Connor (Association of State Wetland Nlanagers). -
Municipal Wastewater Denitrification Evaluation City of Windom, Minnesota
Municipal Wastewater Denitrification Evaluation City of Windom, Minnesota July 29, 2016 – Revised November 4, 2016 Bolton & Menk, Inc. Project No. T22.109023 Prepared by: Submitted by: Bolton & Menk, Inc. 12224 Nicollet Blvd Burnsvillle, MN 55337 P: 952-890-0509 F: 952-890-8065 wq-wwtp5-91 MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER DENITRIFICATION EVALUATION CITY OF WINDOM, MINNESOTA JULY 2016 BMI Project No. T22.109023 I hereby certify that this plan, specification or report was prepared by me or under my direct supervision, and that I am a duly Licensed Professional Engineer under the laws of the State of Minnesota. Signature: Typed or Printed Name: Lana Tullis, P.E. Date: July 29, 2016 Lic. No. 41450 I hereby certify that this plan, specification or report was prepared by me or under my direct supervision, and that I am a duly Licensed Professional Engineer under the laws of the State of Minnesota. Signature: Typed or Printed Name: Herman Dharmarajah, Ph.D., P.E. Date: July 29, 2016 Lic. No. 18256 I hereby certify that this plan, specification or report was prepared by me or under my direct supervision, and that I am a duly Licensed Professional Engineer under the laws of the State of Minnesota. BOLTON & MENK, INC. CONSULTING ENGINEERS AND LAND SURVEYORS This page intentionally left blank. TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................... 1-1 A. Project Background ........................................................................................ 1-1 B. Nitrate Standards -
The Reed Bed System
Constructed Wetland Group Reed Bed Systems for Biosolids Treatment An Innovative and Cost Effective Approach to Wastewater and Sludge Treatment Constructed Wetlands Group, Inc. Aiken, MN Maiden Creek, PA Reed BedsAliquippa, PA in OperationMarion, WI Amity Township, PA Marlboro Developmental Ctr., Marlboro, NJ Ancora State Hospital, Ancora, NJ Morysville, PA Appomattox, VA Myerstown, PA Belgium, WI Mercersburg, PA Bethel, ME New Jersey School Of Conservation, Beverly, NJ Branchville, NJ Birdsboro, PA New Paris, IN Blairsville, PA Northern Lancaster County Authority, Bowmanstown, PA Denver, PA Brillion, WI North Warren, PA Burgettstown, PA Oley, PA Caribou, ME Oneida Tribe of Wisconsin Central Carbon, PA Orbissonia Rockhill , PA Culver, IN Orwigsburg, PA Deer Lake, PA Penn Yan, NY Delano, MN Pine River, MN Denton, MD Red Cliff Band of Chippewa, WI Elizabethville, PA Robeson, PA Falls City, NE Robesonia Wernersville, PA Fleetwood, PA Royersford, PA Friendship, NY Saint Michael, MN Greencastle, IN Salem, MO Green Lane, PA Schuylkill County MUA, Gordon, PA Harrison Township, PA Shade Gap, PA Hawley Area Authority, PA Sherwood, WI Indian Head, MD Shickshinny, PA Kasson, MN Sinking Spring, PA Kewaunee, WI Slatington, PA Kirklin, IN South Middleton, PA Kla-Mo-Ya Tribe, Chiloquin, OR Susquehanna, PA Kouts, IN Union Township (Belleville), PA Kingsford Heights, IN U.S. Parks Service, Sandy Hook, NJ Kutztown, PA Wanatah, IN Linton, IN Washburn, WI Lehigh Township, PA Washington Township, NJ Lomira, WI West Monmouth MUA, NJ Lowell, IN Winter Harbor, ME Lyons Township, PA Woodbine, NJ Mabel, MN Womelsdorf, PA Mahanoy City, PA On-Site Water and Wastewater Treatment An effective, cost-saving approach to dewatering sludge www.reedbed.com Email:[email protected] History of Reed Beds . -
GLOSSARY a Anoxic a Lack of Oxygen
ECOLOGY OF OLD WOMAN CREEK ESTUARY AND WATERSHED 13. GLOSSARY A anoxic A lack of oxygen. abiotic Non living or derived from non-living anthropogenic Developed by human beings; man- processes; factor contributing to an environment made. that is of a non-living nature. aqueous Of, or pertaining to water. ablation All processes by which snow and ice are aquifer A body of rock that is sufficiently permeable lost from a glacier, floating ice, or snow cover, to conduct groundwater and to yield economically including melting, evaporation (sublimation), significant quantities of water to springs and wells. wind erosion, and calving. artifact Anything made by man or showing signs of AD Used as a prefix or suffix to a date, denoting the human use; generally applied to tools, implements, number of years after the beginning of the Christian and other objects of human manufacture. calendar (Anno Domini). adventitious roots Roots growing laterally from the atlatl A Mexican term for a spear throwing device; a stem rather than from the main root. stick with a hook at one end that fits into a depression in the base of a spear and is used to aerenchyma Tissue with large, air-filled cavities lengthen the thrower’s arm, thus adding leverage between the cells that are present in the stems and and speed. roots of certain aquatic plants that enables adequate gaseous exchange below water. atlatl weights Stone objects fastened to the throwing stick for added mass. aerial Growing or borne above the ground or water; autochthonous Material generated within a particular of, for, or by means of aircraft (e.g. -
Removal of Salinity Using Interaction Mangrove Plants and Bacteria in Batch Reed Bed System Reactor
Journal of Ecological Engineering Received: 2018.10.30 Revised: 2018.12.01 Volume 20, Issue 4, April 2019, pages 84–93 Accepted: 2019.02.16 Available online: 2019.02.27 https://doi.org/10.12911/22998993/102792 Removal of Salinity using Interaction Mangrove Plants and Bacteria in Batch Reed Bed System Reactor Rachmi Layina Chimayati1*, Harmin Sulistiyaning Titah1 1 Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil, Environmental and Geo Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Keputih, Sukolilo, 60111 Surabaya, Indonesia * Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT The current method of seawater bio-desalination can effectively provide freshwater. This method works by sepa- rating the salt contained in water into clean water with a lower salinity. In this study, the researchers conducted an experiment of the bio-desalination method by combining mangrove plant and Vibrio alginolyticus bacteria as well as the presence of a filter layer component composed of sand and gravel in red beed system reactor. The concept of phytotechnology was to utilize plants as environmental technology capable of solving environmental problems. In contrast, the term phytoremediation was used to denote the process of plants absorb, take, change and release con- taminants from one medium to another. The purpose of this study was to determine the reduction of salinity on the mangrove plant Rhizophora mucronata (Rm) and Avicennia marina (Am) with the addition of Vibrio alginolyticus (Va) bacteria in the bio-desalination process using a reed bed system. This study combines plants and bacteria for artificial saline desalination processes. The compounds contained in plants are absorbed in the form of cations or anions, while the addition of the bacteria was carried out to support the process of salt absorption in plants. -
Redalyc.DENITRIFICATION of WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT EFFLUENT USING ANAEROBIC BACTERIAL BED REACTOR IMMERSED: OPERATING PERFO
Journal of Urban and Environmental Engineering E-ISSN: 1982-3932 [email protected] Universidade Federal da Paraíba Brasil Sylla, Aboubacar; Fatima Ezzahra, Aboussabiq; Najwa, Hassou; Rihani, Mohamed; Jamal, Amine; Omar, Assobhei; Samira, Etahiri DENITRIFICATION OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT EFFLUENT USING ANAEROBIC BACTERIAL BED REACTOR IMMERSED: OPERATING PERFORMANCE Journal of Urban and Environmental Engineering, vol. 11, núm. 2, julio-diciembre, 2017, pp. 208-218 Universidade Federal da Paraíba Paraíba, Brasil Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=283255970009 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Journal of Urban and Environmental Journal of Urban and E Engineering, v.11, n.2, p.208-218 Environmental Engineering ISSN 1982-3932 J www.journal-uee.org E doi: 10.4090/juee.2017.v11n2.208218 U DENITRIFICATION OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT EFFLUENT USING ANAEROBIC BACTERIAL BED REACTOR IMMERSED: OPERATING PERFORMANCE Aboubacar Sylla*, Aboussabiq Fatima Ezzahra, Hassou Najwa, Mohamed Rihani, Amine Jamal, Assobhei Omar and Etahiri Samira BIOMARE Laboratory, Biology Department, Faculty of Science, University Chouaib Doukkali, P.O. Box 20, El Jadida 2400, Morocco. Received 27 August 2016; received in revised form 02 May 2017; accepted 05 July 2017 Abstract: In this study, a heterotrophic denitrification was designed for domestic wastewater treatment with unexpected water flows at different loading rates. Benefited from excellent removal ability COD, shorten operating time and lower maintenance cost. During the time of operation (six months), injection of nitrate was made in the influent RALBI 1 while the RALBI 2 was fed with sewage without addition of nitrate. -
Diversity, Current Knowledge and the Significance of the Flora of Tasek Bera Ramsar Site, Pahang, Malaysia
Journal of Wildlife and Parks (2014) 27 : 111-120 111 DIVERSITY, CURRENT KNOWLEDGE AND THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE FLORA OF TASEK BERA RAMSAR SITE, PAHANG, MALAYSIA Rafidah, A.R.*, Chew, M.Y., Ummul-Nazrah, A.R. & Kamarudin, S. Flora Biodiversity Program, Forest Biodiversity Division, Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM) *Corresponding author: [email protected] ABSTRACT Tasek Bera — the largest natural freshwater lake in Peninsular Malaysia is made up of a mosaic of micro-habitats and flora communities, including open water, rassau swamp, Lepironia reed-bed, seasonal freshwater swamp forest and the surrounding lowland dipterocarp forest. Botanical collecting and transect studies on the various habitats were carried out in 2007 to 2009, the last was part of the Biodiversity Inventory of Ramsar Site, in both the wet and dry seasons. The aquatic or swampy habitats covered were Lubuk Gah Bahau, Lubuk Hantu Tinggi, Lubuk Kuin, Lubuk Luon, Lubuk Pa Arit, Lubuk Ranting Patah, Lubuk Regeh, Lubuk Sangla Besar, Lubuk Sangla Kecil, Sungai Bera and Sungai Tasik; while forested habitats surveyed were Batin Md. Nor (Penchok) Camp, FELDA Bera 3 and 5, Kampung Gegereh, Kampung Jelawat, Kampung Pathir, Mekok Camp, Pos Iskandar, Pulau Jelai, Taman Herba and Tanjung Kuin. Previous surveys had recorded 52 species of vascular plants from the open water, rassau swamp and lowland dipterocarp forest habitats visited, representing a mere 6% of the total 807 species from 400 genera and 128 families, now known to occur in Tasek Bera. Satellite imagery records that 67% of Tasek Bera consists of freshwater swamp forest. However, this habitat type is still the least known despite numerous field surveys, due to logistic difficulties in accessing these boggy swamps sandwiched between tall rassau thickets and lowland dipterocarp forest. -
The Structure and Composition of Vegetation in the Lake-Fill Peatlands of Indiana
2001. Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of Science 1 10:51-78 THE STRUCTURE AND COMPOSITION OF VEGETATION IN THE LAKE-FILL PEATLANDS OF INDIANA Anthony L. Swinehart 1 and George R. Parker: Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907 Daniel E. Wujek: Department of Biology, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, Michigan 48859 ABSTRACT. The vegetation of 16 lake-fill peatlands in northern Indiana was systematically sampled. Peatland types included fens, tall shrub bogs, leatherleaf bogs and forested peatlands. No significant difference in species richness among the four peatland types was identified from the systematic sampling. Vegetation composition and structure, along with water chemistry variables, was analyzed using multi- variate statistical analysis. Alkalinity and woody plant cover accounted for much of the variability in the herbaceous and ground layers of the peatlands, and a successional gradient separating the peatlands was evident. A multivariate statistical comparison of leatherleaf bogs from Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, New York, New Jersey and New Hampshire was made on the basis of vegetation composition and frequency and five climatic variables. The vascular vegetation communities of Indiana peatlands and other peatlands in the southern Great Lakes region are distinct from those in the northeastern U.S., Ohio and the northern Great Lakes. Some of these distinctions are attributed to climatic factors, while others are related to biogeo- graphic history of the respective regions. Keywords: Peatlands, leatherleaf bogs, fens, ecological succession, phytogeography Within midwestern North America, the such as Chamaedaphne calyculata, Androm- northern counties of Illinois, Indiana and Ohio eda glaucophylla, and Carex oligospermia of- 1 represent the southern extent of peatland com- ten make "southern outlier peatlands ' con- munities containing characteristic plant spe- spicuous to botanists, studies of such cies of northern or boreal affinity. -
Does Soil Fertility Influence the Vegetation Diversity of a Tropical Peat Swamp
Does soil fertility influence the vegetation diversity of a tropical peat swamp forest in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia? By Leanne Elizabeth Milner Dissertation presented for the Honours degree of BSc Geography Department of Geography University of Leicester 24 th February 2009 Approx number of words (12,000) 1 Contents Page LIST OF FIGURES I LIST OF TABLES II ABSTRACT III ACKNOWLEGEMENTS IV Chapter 1: Introduction 1 1.1 Aim 2 1.2 Objectives 2 1.3 Hypotheses 2 1.4 Scientific Background and Justification 3 1.5 Literature Review 7 1.5.1 Soil Fertility and Vegetation Species Diversity 7 1.5.2 Tropical Peatlands 7 1.5.3 Vegetation and Soil in tropical peatlands 8 1.5.4 Hydrology 14 1.5.5 Phenology and Rainfall 15 Chapter 2 : Methodology 17 2.1 Study Site and Transects 18 2.2 Soil Analysis 21 2.3 Chemical Analysis 22 2.4 Tree Data 25 2.5 Phenology Data 25 2.6 Rainfall Data 26 2.7 Data Analysis 26 2.7.1 Soil Data Analysis 26 2.7.2 Tree Data Analysis 26 2.7.3 Phenology Data Analysis 28 2 2.7.4 Rainfall Data Analysis 28 Chapter 3: Analysis 29 3.1 Tree and Liana Analysis 30 3.1.1 Basal Area and Density 31 3.1.2 Relative Importance Values 33 3.2 Peat Chemistry Analysis 35 3.3 Tree Phenology Analysis 43 3.4 Rainfall Analysis 46 Chapter 4: Discussion 47 4.1 Overall Findings 48 4.2 Peat Chemistry 48 4.3 Vegetation and Phenology 51 4.4 Peat Depth and Gradient 53 4.5 Significance of the Water Table 54 4.6 Limitations and Areas for further Research 56 Chapter 5: Conclusion 59 5.0 Conclusion 60 REFERENCES 62 APPENDICES 67 Appendix A: Soil Nutrient Analysis 68 Appendix B: Regression Outputs 70 Appendix C: Tree Data ON CD Appendix D: Phenology Data ON CD 3 List of Figures Figure 1 – Distribution of tropical peatlands in South East Asia and location of the study area.