Zouch Manor Tidworth Wiltshire Post-Excavation Report
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Zouch Manor Tidworth Wiltshire Post-Excavation Report for Taylor Wimpey Southern Counties CA Project: 779002 CA Report: 14192 August 2014 Zouch Manor Tidworth Wiltshire Archaeological Excavation CA Project: 779002 CA Report: 14192 prepared by Chris Leonard, Project Officer date checked by Karen Walker, Principal Post-Excavation Manager date 29/08/14 Martin Watts, Head of Publications approved by signed date 31/08/14 issue 01 This report is confidential to the client. Cotswold Archaeology accepts no responsibility or liability to any third party to whom this report, or any part of it, is made known. Any such party relies upon this report entirely at their own risk. No part of this report may be reproduced by any means without permission. Cirencester Milton Keynes Andover Building 11 Unit 4 Stanley House Kemble Enterprise Park Cromwell Business Centre Walworth Road Kemble, Cirencester Howard Way, Newport Pagnell Andover, Hampshire Gloucestershire, GL7 6BQ MK16 9QS SP10 5LH t. 01285 771022 t. 01908 218320 t. 01264 347630 f. 01285 771033 e. [email protected] 1 Zouch Manor Tidworth: Post-Excavation Report © Cotswold Archaeology CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................ 8 Location, topography and geology ......................................................... 8 2 ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL BACKGROUND ................................. 9 Prehistoric (10000 BC– AD 43) .............................................................. 9 Roman (AD 43–410) .............................................................................. 10 Early medieval - Saxon (AD 410–1066) ................................................. 10 Medieval (1066–1539) ........................................................................... 10 Post-medieval (1540–1800) ................................................................... 11 Modern (1801–present) ......................................................................... 11 3 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES ................................................................................... 12 4 METHODOLOGY ............................................................................................... 13 5 RESULTS........................................................................................................... 13 Fieldwork summary ............................................................................... 13 Period 1: Iron Age (700 BC– AD 43) ...................................................... 14 Period 2: Medieval (11th–14th centuries)............................................... 14 Period 3: Post-medieval (16th–18th centuries) ...................................... 15 Period 4: Early Modern (Early 19th century) .......................................... 19 Undated ................................................................................................. 20 6 DISCUSSION ..................................................................................................... 20 Prehistoric ............................................................................................. 20 Medieval ................................................................................................ 21 Post-medieval ........................................................................................ 21 Early Modern ......................................................................................... 22 7 SUPPORTING DATA ......................................................................................... 22 Stratigraphic Record .............................................................................. 22 Artefactual record .................................................................................. 23 Biological record .................................................................................... 29 8 STORAGE AND CURATION .............................................................................. 31 2 Zouch Manor Tidworth: Post-Excavation Report © Cotswold Archaeology 9 REFERENCES ................................................................................................... 32 APPENDIX 1: TABLES 2-7 ............................................................................................. 35 APPENDIX 2: OASIS REPORT FORM ........................................................................... 51 3 Zouch Manor Tidworth: Post-Excavation Report © Cotswold Archaeology LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Fig. 1 Site location plan (1:25,000) Fig. 2 The site, showing archaeological features (1:1,000) Fig. 3 Period 1- Iron Age (1:125) Fig. 4 Period 2- medieval (1:1,000) Fig. 5 Period 3- post-medieval (Area C)(1:400) Fig. 6 Period 3 - post-medieval (Area E) (1:400) Fig. 7 Period 4 - Early Modern features (Area E) (1:400) Fig. 8 Sections: pit 3008, ditches 6061, 6037, 6176, 6150 and bedding trench 6029 PHOTOGRAPHS 1 Ditch 3003, looking north-east (scale 1m) 2 Ditch 4038 and Pits 4019, 4026 and 4032, looking north (scale 0.4m) 3 Garden wall 6031, looking south-east (scale 2m) 4 Raised beds and well 6098 looking west (scales 1m) 5 Well 6184, looking south (scale 1m) 6 Well 6188, looking north (scale 1m) 7 Structure 6181, looking north-east (scales 2m) 8 In situ pot base in pit 6118 (scale 0.4m) 9 Revetment 6212 and path 6260, looking north (scale 1m) 10 Structure 7022, looking east (scale 2m) 11 Structure 7104, East wall, looking north (scale 2m) 12 Structure 7104, West wall, looking north (scale 2m) 13 Structure 7104, bricked up cartway, looking west (scale 2m) 14 Posthole 7132, looking south-east (scale 0.4m) 15 Wall 7123 (structure 7104), looking north (scale 1m and 2m) 16 Wall 7123 (structure 7104), looking south-east (scale 2m) 17 Internal wall 7124 (structure 7104) looking east (scales 0.4m and 2m) 18 Internal wall 7109 (structure 7104) looking south-west (scale 2m) 19 Wall 7013 and surface 7031, looking west (scales 2m) 20 Wall 7013, looking north-west (scale 1m) 21 (L) Rimsherd from a jar with a developed rim in a fine, oxidised (scratch-marked) fabric, C12-C14; (Centre and R) Newbury B pottery, C12-C14, all from pit 3045, (fill 3046). 22 (L) Sand-and-flint tempered fabric, C11-C14; (Centre and R) bodysherds in a Laverstock glazed fabric, C11-C14, all from possible path deposit (6006). 4 Zouch Manor Tidworth: Post-Excavation Report © Cotswold Archaeology 23 (L) Rimsherd from a jar with a simple, everted rim in a sandy coarseware fabric from posthole 4014 (fill 4013), C11-C13; (R) rimsherd in a sand-and-flint tempered fabric from ditch 6061 (fill 6062), C11-C13. 24 Newbury B pottery from pit 4026 (fill 4025), C12-C14. 25 (L) Distal portion of a broken flint blade from pit 4026 (fill 4025), Mesolithic/Early Neolithic; (R) bladelet from posthole/pit 3022, (fill 3021), Mesolithic. 26 British War Medal (1914-1920), (Ra. 1) recovered from a compacted redeposited chalk made ground layer (7009) (L) obverse and (R) reverse 5 Zouch Manor Tidworth: Post-Excavation Report © Cotswold Archaeology TABLES Table 1: Summary overview of finds from the excavation Table 2: Detailed finds concordance Table 3: Medieval pottery summary Table 4: Medieval pottery by context Table 5: Identified animal species by fragment count (NISP) and weight and context. Table 6: Plant macrofossil identifications Table 7: Charcoal identifications 6 Zouch Manor Tidworth: Post-Excavation Report © Cotswold Archaeology Summary Site Name: Zouch Manor Location: Tidworth, Wiltshire NGR: SU 2338 4918 Type: Excavation Date: January–February 2014 Location of archive: Currently held at Cotswold Archaeology; long-term repository to be confirmed Site Code: ZOM 13 A programme of archaeological investigation was undertaken by Cotswold Archaeology in January and February 2014 at the request of Taylor Wimpey Southern Counties at Zouch Manor, Tidworth, Wiltshire. The area is being developed for new housing. Five areas were excavated across the development area, targeted on the results of a previous evaluation of the site (CA 2012). The excavation identified evidence for small-scale prehistoric activity. An alignment of four small pits contained worked flint, and one contained a single sherd of pottery of probable Middle or Later Iron Age (c. 4th to 1st centuries BC) date. Residual worked flint was also recovered from later features. There is documentary evidence for a manor house at the site since at least the 13th century, and the excavation has revealed evidence of land boundaries associated with the medieval manor. In the post-medieval period the manor was rebuilt, with an outbuilding and formal walled gardens to the front and a farmyard to the rear, with ranges of farm buildings enclosing a courtyard. In the early modern period the formal gardens were demolished and the land at the front of the manor was levelled. The farmyard behind was renovated; the original courtyard bisected by a wall and a secondary courtyard was added to the north. Artefacts recovered during the excavation include a small assemblage of worked flint, local and regional medieval pottery, post-medieval pottery and ceramic building material. Amongst a few metal objects is a silver British War Medal (1914-1920), in very good condition, found in made ground. 7 Zouch Manor Tidworth: Post-Excavation Report © Cotswold Archaeology 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 During January and February 2014 Cotswold Archaeology (CA) carried out an archaeological excavation at Zouch Manor, Tidworth, Wiltshire, (centred on NGR: SU 2338 4918; Fig. 1) at the request of Taylor Wimpey Southern