Clinical profile of substance dependent patients in

Theodora Sp. Dona1, Maria N. Papaliaga1, Jolanta Stepin-Topalidis2 1Medical School, University of Thessalia, , Greece.

2Organization Against Narcotics, Unit of , Greece.

OBJECTIVE: Substance abuse and dependence, especially opioid dependence, contribute significantly to the global burden of disease in Greece [1]. The aim of the present study was to assess Table 2. Patients’ SCL-90-R scores sociodemographic parameters and clinical information of drug addicted patients before their admission in a buprenorphin substitution Psychopathology Mean±standard deviation programme. Somatization 1.17±0.69 METHOD: Sixty-seven addicted patients, 62 men and 5 women, aged 21- Obsessions-compulsions 1.41±0.76 56 years (mean±standard deviation: 34.36±8.7), were studied. Interpersonal sensitivity 1.23±0.75 Sociodemographic factors and drug abuse data were collected, while psychopathology was measured with the aid of the Symptoms Check Depression 1.64±0.07 List 90 Revised (SCL-90-R). Depression was studied more elaborately Anxiety 1.15±0.85 using the Beck Depression Inventory I (BDI-I) as well. Data were recorded and handled anonymously. Statistical analysis of the data was Hostility 1.06±0.74 performed using the SPSS statistical programme. Due to the small Phobic anxiety 0.56±0.54 sample size, non-parametric Mann-Whitney test was used for group Paranoid ideation 1.52±0.85 comparisons. Psychotisism 0.84±0.59

RESULTS: The educational level of our sample was 6 to 15 years (mean±standard deviation: 9.65±2.5). Twenty-six of the subjects (38.8%) were unemployed. Forty-five of them (59.7%) were single, 12 (17.9%) were married, 9 (13.4%) were divorced and 1 (1.5%) subject was separated. Although most subjects reported polyconsumption, the primary substance of abusranging between 1 to 5 grammars per day Table 3. Linear regression associations of heroin (mean±standard deviation: 2.11±1.09). Our sample’s scores in the consumption with age and SCL-90-R variables SCL-90-R subscales were higher than the established cut-off of 0.99[2] in somatization (1.17±0.69), obsessions-compulsions (1.41±0.76), Variable B Significance P interpersonal sensitivity (1.23±0.75), depression (1.64±0.07), anxiety Age -0.044 0.41 (1.15±0.85), hostility (1.06±0.74), paranoid ideation (1.52±0.85). Somatization -0.019 0.945 Heroin consumption was negatively correlated with age (p=0.041), and positively correlated with interpersonal sensitivity (p=0.009) and Obsessions-compulsions 0.274 0.311 paranoid ideation (p=0.008). Our patients had moderate depression as Interpersonal sensitivity 0.648 0.009 measured by BDI (mean score±standard deviation: 24.51±11.15).Unemployed subjects reported a higher score in BDI Depression 0.309 0.171 subscale 15 concerning difficulty during task performance (p=0.04) Anxiety 0.340 0.102 than employed ones. No associations were detected between heroin abuse, psychopathology and employment, or between heroin abuse, Hostility 0.280 0.361 psychopathology and marital status Phobic anxiety 0.497 0.149 Paranoid ideation 0.595 0.008 CONCLUSION: Our findings are in compliance with other studies reporting high levels of psychological distress evidenced among Psychotisism 0.482 0.118 substance abusers [3,4,5]. Such factors should addressed along with substitution services to this extremely sensitive population.

KEY WORDS: substance-abuse, SCL-90, BD.

REFERENCES Table 1. Patients’ demografic information 1.European Monitoring Center for Drugs and Addiction (EMCDDA), Whole sample 62 Annual Report 2012: The State of the Drugs and Alcohol Problem in Greece, 2013. Men 57 2.S. Donias, A. Karastergiou, and N. Manos, “Standardization of the Women 5 symptom checklist-90-R rating scale in a Greek population,” Psychiatriki,vol.2,no.1,pp.42–48,1991(Greek). Age (mean±standard deviation) 34.36±8.7 years 3.Georgios Moussas, Irene Fanouraki, Argiro Pachi, Arezina Asomatou, Education (mean±standard deviation) 9.65±2.5 years Olga Drylli, Georgios Paschalakis, Athanasios Tselebis, Konstantinos Giotakis, Dionisios Bratis, Georgios Dermatis, and Meni Malliori. Employment Comorbid Psychopathology and Alcohol Use Patterns among Methadone Unemployed (percent) 38.8% Maintenance Treatment Patients. Journal of Addiction, Volume 2015 Marital status (2015), http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/197652. 4.P.E.Jacobs,E.B.Doft,andJ.Koger,“AstudyofSCL-90scores of 264 Single (percent) 59.7% methadone patients in treatment,” International Journal of the Addictions, Married (percent) 17.9% vol.16, no.3, pp.541–548, 1981. 5.P.P.Pani,E.Trogu,F.Vigna-Tagliantietal.,“Psychopathological symptoms Divorced (percent) 13.4% of patients with heroin addiction entering opioid agonist or therapeutic

Dose of Heroine (mean±standard deviation) 2.11±1.09 gr community treatment,” Annals of General Psychiatry , vol. 13, article 35, 2014. CURRICULUM VITAE DONA THEODORA Adress:Nikitara 56-58, 14224, Larisa, Greece Tel. (0030)6971906959, e-mail: [email protected] Nationality:Greek Date of birth: 21.09.1991 STUDIES 2009-2015 Degree of Faculty of Medicine of the School of Health Sciences with grade 7.35/10 (Very Good) on 25/09/2015 1996-2009 Third Highschool of Corfu, Ionian Islands, Greece WORK EXPERIENCE 2016 Rural Service in Primary Health as a doctor in Mouzaki () 2016 One month of clinical work in sectors of Pathology and Surgery in General Hospital of Karditsa in June 2016 PRESENTATION 2016 Presentation of the free announcement with the title: ‘‘The axis microbiome – guts-brain and the role it plays in the appearance of mental diseases’’ on 15.05.2016 in 22nd Congress of Medical Students in Greece that was organized in Patra by Scientific Society of Hellenic Medical Students (SSHMS) on 13-15.05.2016 ORGANISING EXPERIENCE Local officer in Medical Education in Helmsic ( Hellenic Medical Students International Committee) in 2011-2012 Local officer for Human Rights and Peace in Helmsic 2010-2011 CONTINOUS EDUCATION COURSES: (1) ALS Provider Course on 27-28 February 2016 in Thessaloniki,Greece (2)Clinical Courses and Workshops: “Usual Μedical Incidents in Rural Service and Traps they hide’’ on 2-3 April 2016 in Larisa ,organized by SSHMS (3) Studying one year (120 hours) the Greek Sign Language, in the course organized by Association of Deaf and hard-hearing people (4)“Introduction in Psycology‘‘ Six months seminar in 2010-2011 organised by Academy of Citizens in Larisa CONFERENCES: (1)Conference with the title ‘Art as a mean of Therapy’’ on 31.01.2016 in Larisa organized by Open Psychotherapeutic Center and Group Analysis Institute of Athens (2)7th International Congress Of Internal Medicine Of Central Greece,March19-21,2015 in Larissa‘‘ SUMMER SCHOOL: Professional Exchange Program in the department of Pshychiatry at the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital in Ghana during the period 1-30 August 2012 MEMBER OF SOCIETIES Μedical Association of Karditsa Hellenic Medical Students' International Committee(HELMSIC) Scientific Society of Hellenic Medical Students (SSHMS) FOREIGN LANGUAGES English: level C2, Certificate of Proficiency in English (Michigan) German: level B1,Zertifikat Deutsch( Goethe Institut) Swedish: Studying since June 2015 in order to have the examination for the certificate of Tisus(C1 level) on June 2017 INTERESTS:Organising lessons of for immigrants from Pakistan,Organising First Aids seminars for people in Larisa,reading books,theatre.